21
IAOe?IIAEUeIA IOCE*IA AEAAeAI?ss OE?A?IE
?IAI? I.?.*AEEIANUeEIAI
NOE?I ?eIIA AIAOIE??AIA
OAeE 781.1(477)+(438):78.01
I.EENAIEI ? O.OIIAI
O EIIOAENO? OE?A?INUeEI-IIEUeNUeEEO
EOEUeOO?IEO CA’ssCE?A
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 17.00.01 – Oai??y oa ?noi??y eoeueoo?e
A a o i ? a o a ? a o
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? ?noi??? ca?oa?aeii? ioceee Iaoe?iiaeueii?
ioce/ii? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?iai? I.?.*aeeianueeiai.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:
eaiaeeaeao
ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, aeioeaio
Ae?a/ ??eia
Noaiai?aia
Noinueeee
aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee ?inoeooo ?i. A.N.Iaea?aiea,
eaoaae?a oai???
oa ?noi??? ioceee
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi?
ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, i?ioani?
Oaia?aa E??a
?aai?aia
Iaoe?iiaeueia
ioce/ia aeaaeai?y
Oe?a?ie ?i.
I.?.*aeeianueeiai,
eaoaae?a
caaaeueiiai oa niaoe?ae?ciaaiiai oi?oai?aii, i.Ee?a
eaiaeeaeao
ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, aeioeaio
Na?aethe
Ieaenaiae? A?oae?eiae/
Iaoe?iiaeueia
th?eaee/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie ?i. ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai,
eaoaae?a
eoeueoo?ieia??, i.Oa?e?a
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
?inoeooo
ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, oieueeei?enoeee oa aoiieia??
?i.
I.O.?eeuenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e ioceeiciaanoaa, i.Ee?a
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny 30 /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i 15.30 ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.005.01 ii caoenoo
aeena?oaoe?e ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a iaoe o
Iaoe?iiaeuei?e ioce/i?e aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?iai? I.?.*aeeianueeiai ca
aae?anith: 252001, Ee?a, aoe. A?o?oaeoi?a Ai?iaeaoeueeiai, 1/3, 2
iiaa?o, aoae.36.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueii?
ioce/ii? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?i. I.?.*aeeianueeiai.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 28 o?aaiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee
eaiaeeaeao ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, aeioeaio
?.I.Eioaiee
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA AeENA?OAOe??
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. sse a?aeiii, eoeueoo?iee ?icaeoie eiaeiiai ia?iaeo
i?ioiaeeoue o i?ioean? neeaaeieo aca?iia?aeiinei ??cieo aoiieoeueoo?ieo
ni?eueiinoae i?ae niaith, aea iino?eii ia?aie?oathoueny ?o ?noi?e/i?
aeie? ? ia?ao?auothoueny eoeueoo?i? aieeae. I?iaeaie i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo
ca’yce?a ae?aeaeoe/ii iia’ycai? c ieoaiiyie caa?aaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii?
nai???aeiino?, ye? iniaeeai aeooae?cothoueny nueiaiaei?, a aeiao
a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iacaeaaeii? oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae. *ei o?ni?o?
eoeueoo?i? ca’ycee i?ae ia?iaeaie, oei neeuei?oa ?o aaaeaiiy noaa?aeeoe
naith iaoe?iiaeueio naiiaooi?noue. Aaeaea oai, aea iaia? /?oeeo iaae,
aea a?ae/oaa?oueny caa?ica anei?eyoe??, aeieea? i?e?iaeia i?aaiaiiy
caoenoeoe ? i?aee?aneeoe naith ?aeaioeo?eaoe?th. Oea yne?aai aeyaeeinue
o aca?iica’yceao i?ae oe?a?inueeith ? iieuenueeith eoeueoo?aie.
Ai?iaeiaae aaaaoueio a?e?a, ii/eiath/e c O?V noie?ooy, eiee oe?a?inuee?
caie? aoee caoiieai? iieyeaie, iaeaeaa ia?iaee ciaoiaeeeenue a oiiaao
aaciina?aaeiueiai eiioaeoo a ?aeei?e aea?aeaa?. Naia oea iaoiiaeei ye
ni?euei?noue ?o eoeueoo?, oae ? iai?oaeai? noinoiee i?ae ieie. A O?O
noie?oo?, a ia??iae ?icai?oaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ?oo?a
neia’yinueeeo ia?iae?a, oaiaeaioe?? caeeaeaiiy ? eiio?iioaoe?? i?ae
oe?a?ioeyie ? iieyeaie nyaioee nai?? eoeuei?iaoe??, a?ae?a?aaoe cia/io
?ieue o noaiiaeaii? ?o iaoe?iiaeueieo eoeueoo?. I?ioa aei inoaiiueiai
/ano a aeine?aeaeaiiyo ??cieo aaeocae iaoee – ?noi??ia?ao??,
eoeueoo?ieia??, aoiiineoieia??, ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa oa ?ioeo –
aena?oethaaeenue ia?aaaaeii ca’ycee Oe?a?ie c ?in??th. Neeaeany iaa?oue
eiioeaioe?y “aeai?aeeiino?” oeeo eoeueoo?. I?iaeaie ae
oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo aca?iia?aeiinei aiane?aeie oe?eiai ?yaeo iaaieo
iie?oe/ieo oa ?aeaieia?/ieo i?e/ei iieieeenue iica oaaaith
aeine?aeiee?a. Oaea naia oaiaeaioe?y niinoa??aaeanue ? a
eenaieiciaanoa?. Ca’ycee aeaeaoiiai oe?a?inueeiai eiiiiceoi?a
I.A.Eenaiea c ?in?enueeith eoeueoo?ith aaea aeaaii ? aeineoue a?oioiaii
ae-a/athoueny (a ?iaioao I.Aicaiioaea, E.A?o?iiae/ ? I.Ai?ae?e/oea oa
?i.). I?ioa oaia iieuenueeeo eiioaeo?a, ye? caeiyee ia iaio cia/ia
i?noea a eiai aeeoo? oa oai?/?e ae?yeueiino?, caeeoeeanue iiee ui
“a?eith ieyiith”. I/aaeaeii, c oeo naieo i?e/ei ia aeine?aeaeoaaeanue
ie?aii ? ?ieue oai?/i? niaaeueie iniiaiiieiaeieea iieuenueei? ioce/ii?
eeaneee O.Oiiaia o noaiiaeaii? eiiiiceoi?nueei? ? oi?oai?aiii? oeiee a
Oe?a?i?, ?, cie?aia, o oi?ioaaii? I.Eenaiea ye ioceeaioa ? ooaeiaeiuei?
iniaenoino?. Aac aea/aiiy oeeo ieoaiue i? ea?oeia ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeiai
ienoaoeoaa acaaae?, i? oyaeaiiy i?i aeeooy ? oai?/?noue I.Eenaiea ia
iiaeooue aooe iiaieie. O?eueee o c?noaaeaii? oa caaaeyee aiae?co
aca?iiaieea?a ??cieo eoeueoo? iiaeia aeyaeoe ye ni?euei? ?ene, oae ? ?o
iaoe?iiaeuei? iniaeeaino?. O aeai?? naia oaeiai ?aeo?no aeine?aeaeaiiy
oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? ooiaeaoi??a iaoe?iiaeueieo eiiiiceoi?nueeeo oe?e
I.A.Eenaiea ? O.Oiiaia, yea iiaea?oueny a oe?ieiio eiioaeno? eoeueoo?ieo
aca?iica’yce?a aeaio ia?iae?a, ? iieyaa? aeooaeuei?noue aeena?oaoe??.
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiiaia a?aeiia?aeii aei ieai?a iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue
eaoaae?e ?noi??? ca?oa?aeii? ioceee Iaoe?iiaeueii? ioce/ii? aeaaeai??
Oe?a?ie ?i. I.?.*aeeianueeiai.
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aieiaiith iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
ae-cia/aiiy i?noey ? ?ie? oai?/ino? O.Oiiaia o noaiiaeaii? ooaeiaeiuei?
iniaenoino? I.A.Eenaiea, a naia o oi?ioaaii? eiai eiiiiceoi?nueeiai
noeeth ? i?ai?cio, anoaoe/ieo iiaeyae?a oa iaaeaaia?/ieo i?eioeei?a;
aaaaeaiiy oeueiai aniaeoo a eiioaeno a?eueo oe?iei? i?iaeaie
aca?iica’yce?a oe?a?inueei? ? iieuenueei? eoeueoo?. A?aeiia?aeii
aecia/athoueny aieiai? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:
1. I?inoaaeaiiy aeeiai?ee oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo noinoie?a o XIX
noie?oo?.
2. ?icaeyae nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/iiai oa ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai eiioaenoo
oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? O.Oiiaia ? I.Eenaiea.
3. Aea/aiiy i?ioean?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy ioceee O.Oiiaia a Oe?a?i? o
aeieenaie?anueeo aeiao.
4. Aeyaeaiiy iieuenueeeo eiioaeo?a I.Eenaiea oa ?o cia/aiiy o
oi?ioaaii? na?oiaeyaeo eiiiiceoi?a.
5. Aecia/aiiy i?noey oai??a O.Oiiaia a iaa/aeueiiio, eiioea?oiiio oa
iaaeaaia?/iiio ?aia?ooa?? Eenaiea-i?ai?noa ? ona?aeiieaiiy iniaeeainoae
eiai aeeiiaanueei? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oiiai?anueei? ioceee.
6. Aiae?c niaaeei?iieo ca’yce?a oi?oai?aiii? oai?/ino? I.Eenaiea c
oiiai?anueeeie o?aaeeoe?yie oa ?o ?icaeyae o a?eueo oe?ieiio eiioaeno? c
o?aaeeoe?yie cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo ?iiaioee?a.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. O aeena?oaoe?? aia?oa
noaaeoueny ieoaiiy i?i ?ieue oai?/ino? O.Oiiaia o noaiiaeaii?
I.A.Eenaiea ye eiiiiceoi?a, i?ai?noa ? iaaeaaiaa. C oe??th iaoith
aecia/a?oueny i?noea oiiai?anueeeo oai??a a eiai iaa/aeueiiio,
eiioea?oiiio oa iaaeaaia?/iiio ?aia?ooa??, a oaeiae ia i?aenoaa?
/eneaiieo aeieoiaioaeueieo iaoa??ae?a aeyaeythoueny aeaye? iniaeeaino?
?o ni?eeiyooy oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? Eenaieii. E??i oiai, a ?iaio? aia?oa ia
iaoa??ae? aiae?co oi?oai?aiii? oai?/ino? I.Eenaiea aeine?aeaeothoueny
niaaeei?ii? ca’ycee eiai eiiiiceoi?nueeiai noeeth c oai?/?noth O.Oiiaia,
ui ?icaeyaeathoueny a oe?ieiio eiioaeno? c o?aaeeoe?yie
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo ?iiaioee?a. Aea?aiee ?aeo?n aea? iiaeeea?noue
e?aua ona?aeiieoe oaeiae iaoe?iiaeueio nai???aei?noue ioceee
oe?a?inueeiai eiiiiceoi?a. Cacia/ai? ieoaiiy ?icaeyaeathoueny a
aeine?aeaeaii? ye a aniaeo? ?icaeoeo iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ioce/iiai
ienoaoeoaa, oae ? a oe?ieiio nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/iiio oa
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiio eiioaeno? i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo aca?iia?aeiinei o O?O
noie?oo?. O ca’yceo c oeei aia?oa i?inoaaeo?oueny aeeiai?ea
ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa i?ioeane anei?eyoe?? oai??a O.Oiiaia a oe?a?inuee?e
ioce/i?e eoeueoo?? a aeieenaie?anueeo ? eenaie?anueeo aeiao. Aei oiai ae
aia?oa aea/a?oueny iieuenueea ioi/aiiy Eenaiea oa aeyaey?oueny
aaiethoe?y noaaeaiiy eiiiiceoi?a aei aecaieueiiai ?ooo iieye?a, aei
eoeueoo?e Iieueu? ? acaaae? aei aino?iai a o? /ane “iieuenueeiai”
ieoaiiy, ui ia? aeeaie? ei?ai? a neeaaeieo ? noia?a/eeaeo
aca?iia?aeiineiao i?ae aeaiia ia?iaeaie. Aia?oa aac aoaeue-yeeo
?aeaieia?/ieo oia?aaeaeaiue ?iaeoueny ni?iaa aeaoe oe?ieo ia’?eoeaio
iaii?aio oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo noinoie?a oa eoeueoo?ieo ca’yce?a
i?ioyaii O?O noie?ooy ye ?noi?e/iee oii oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? O.Oiiaia ?
I.Eenaiea.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeena?oaoe?y aena?oeth? iaeio c
yne?aaeo noi??iie a ?noi??? i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo eoeueoo?ieo ca’yce?a
Oe?a?ie. Aeeeaaeaiee a ?iaio? iaoa??ae iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee a
aaaaoueio oe?eueieo, o/eeeuieo oa aoc?anueeeo eo?nao: c ?noi??? na?oiai?
eoeueoo?e, ?noi??? ca?oa?aeii? oa oe?a?inueei? ioceee, ?noi???
oi?oai?aiiiai ienoaoeoaa oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ioce/ieo oai??a, ?noi???
Oe?a?ie oa eoeueoo?ieia??. E??i oiai, aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaea aeeeeeaoe
iaaio caoe?eaaeai?noue ye eiioea?ooth/eo i?ai?no?a, oae ?
iaaeaaia?a-i?aeoee?a, a oaeiae noaoe iniiaith aeey iiaeaeueoeo
nioe?ieoeueoo?ieo iaoeiaeo ?ica?aeie.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiiy
iaaiai?thaaeenue ia can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e ?noi??? ca?oa?aeii? ioceee
Iaoe?iiaeueii? ioce/ii? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?i. I.?.*aeeianueeiai. Ie?ai?
iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeai? a /ioe?ueio ioae?eaoe?yo ? aeeeaaeai?
aaoi?ii o aeiiia?aeyo oa aenooiao ia iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oe?a?inueea
ioce/ia eoeueoo?a OO noie?ooy: iiooee, caeiaooee, ia?niaeoeae” (Noie,
ea?oaiue 1996 ?.); iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo (Noinueeee
aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee ?inoeooo, ethoee 1997 ?., ethoee 1998 ?.).
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, /ioe?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae oa aeiaeaoe?a. Ianya
iniiaii? /anoeie aeena?oaoe?? – 166 noi??iie. E??i oiai, 7 noi??iie
neeaaeathoue aeiaeaoee ? 30 noi??iie – nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (475
iaeiaioaaiue).
INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??
O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue aea?aii? oaie, aecia/a?oueny
i?aaeiao ? ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy, oi?ioeth?oueny eiai iaoa ? caaaeaiiy,
aeaco?oueny ia iaoeiao iiaecio ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe, iiaea?oueny
iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “?NOI?EEI-EOEUeOO?I? ANIAEOE OE?A?INUeEI-IIEUeNUeEEO
CA’ssCE?A O XIX NOIE?OO?” aena?oeth?oueny ae?yeuei?noue ooiaeaoi??a
eiiiiceoi?nueeeo oe?e O.Oiiaia ? I.Eenaiea a oe?ieiio
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiio eiioaeno?. Ie?aneth?oueny nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ia
neooaoe?y, yea neeaeanue a Iieueu? oa Oe?a?i? a O?O noie?oo?.
Ii?ooo?oueny i?iaeaia neeaaeieo aca?iia?aeiinei i?ae aeaiia ia?iaeaie oa
aeyaey?oueny aeeiai?ea ?o ?icaeoeo a cacia/aiee ia??iae. Aea?oueny
iaeyae oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo eoeueoo?ieo aca?iica’yce?a.
A ?iaio? a?aecia/a?oueny, ui oai?/a ae?yeuei?noue O.Oiiaia ? I.Eenaiea
i?ioiaeeea a ao?oeeao aeiao iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ?oo?a, ye? ioiieee
a O?O noie?oo? anth No?aeio ?a?iio. Ae??oaeueiee aieea ia oi?ioaaiiy
na?oiaeyaeo iaio eiiiiceoi??a iaee ?aea? ia?iaeiino?, ui noaee
aecia/aeueieie a anoaoeoe? ?iiaioecio. Noi?ioaaaoenue ia Caoiae?, oe?
?aea? iniaeeai oaeaeei iioe?thaaeenue na?aae neia’yinueeeo ia?iae?a, ye?
ciaoiaeeeenue i?ae oyaa?ai ?iia?nueei? aeaaee. O ni?aaao iaoe?iiaeueii?
na?aeiiino? ? eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo iaea?eueo aeoeaii i?ia?anoaaee
Iieueua ? *ao?y. C e?ioey OVIII noie?ooy, eiee iiaooiy ??/ Iiniieeoa
(ia’?aeiaiiy a 1569 ?ioe? Ei?ie?anoaa Iieuenueeiai c eiyc?anoaii
Eeoianueeei) ao?aoeea naith iacaeaaei?noue ? aiane?aeie o?ueio iiae?e?a
aoea ?icoiaoiaaia a?eueo iiaooi?ie ?iia??yie ?in??th, Aano???th ?
I?on??th, ?noi??y iieuenueeiai ia?iaeo aei inoaiiuei? /aa?o? O?O
noie?ooy ia?aoai?eeanue o eaioetha o?aa?/ieo iiae?e, yeeie
noi?iaiaeaeoaaeenue iino?ei? aeaooe ca?ieieo iianoaiue.
?icea?o oai?/ino? O?eaea??ea Oiiaia, ui i?eiaaea? ia 30-40 ?iee ieioeiai
noie?ooy, – oea ia??iae i?ae aeaiia e?oiieie iieuenueeeie iianoaiiyie.
Iiae?? 1830-1831 ?ie?a iacaaaeaee aecia/eee eiai o?aa?/io aeieth
ieooey-ai?a?aioa, a ii?acea iieye?a o 1848 ?ioe? noaea inoaii?i oaea?ii
aeey nia?oaeueii oai?iai eiiiiceoi?a. Iaeeee iao??io ? ni?aaoeue ??aeii?
Iieueu?, O.Oiiai oyaeei ia?aaeeaaa oe? e?eaaa? iiae?? (i?i ui na?ae/aoue
eiai eenoe ? ciaiaieoee Ooooaa?onueeee uiaeaiiee). Aino?ioa ?
iai?oaeai?noue oeueiai ia??iaeo a?aeaeeanue o aa?i?ei-ae?aiaoe/iiio
iaoin? eiai ioceee. sse ni?aaaaeeeai a?aecia/ea E.Oeiaiianueeee, O.Oiiai
aai?aeueii a?aeoai?ea o nai?e oai?/ino? “nouiinoue oiaaeaoiaai
o?aae/aneiai iiai?ioa enoi?ee iaoeee e einoeieoeaii no?aieeny e
iinoeaeaieth eaeiai-oi naa?oenoi?e/aneiai, aeoai/aeoaai au?aaeaiey naiae
iaoeee”1 .
1 Oeiaiianeee E. Eca?aiiua noaouee e ienueia.-I.:Iocaec,1963.-N.36-37.
Oe?a?ia a O?O noie?oo? ciaoiaeeeanue i?ae aeaaeith aeaio ?iia?nueeeo
ooai?aiue – ?in?? oa Aano???. Aei oiai ae ia I?aaiaa?aaeae? oa a
Aaee/ei?, ui a?ae?eoee a?ae ?a/? Iiniieeoi?, iacaaaeath/e ia ci?ie
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ii? neooaoe??, i?iaeiaaeoaaeinue iaioaaiiy
iieuenueei? oeyooe. Oea eeoa iineethaaei oaiaeaioe?? caeeaeaiiy ?
eiio?iioaoe??, ye? neeaeenue o noinoieao i?ae aeaiia ia?iaeaie i?ioyaii
aaaaoueio noie?oue. A ??ci? ia??iaee /ano niinoa??aaeinue aeii?ioaaiiy
o??? /e ?ioi? oaiaeaioe??. Oae, o ia?o?e iieiaei? ieioeiai noi??//y
aino?i a?ae/oaaeany ni?euei?noue ?ioa?an?a oe?a?ioe?a ? iieye?a, ye?
iieieeenue ?acii ii iaeei a?e aa?eeaae o ai?iouea? c ?in?enueeith oa
aano??enueeith ?iia?nueeith aeaaeith. Iieuenueeee aecaieueiee ?oo iaa o
oie /an cia/iee aieea ia oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo. O noiaeeo oiiaao ai?ioueae ca iacaeaaei?noue
ia?oi/a?aiaeie ye aeey iieye?a, oae ? aeey oe?a?ioe?a aoee ieoaiiy
caa?aaeaiiy oieueeei?o, ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueieo iia, aoiia?ao??,
?noi???, ienoaoeoaa. Oea ni?eyei ca?iaeaeaiith ?aeae neia’yinueei?
?aeiino?, ye? iaaoee aeooaeueiino? a 30-70-o ?ieao. A Oe?a?i? oe? ?aea?
ciaeoee na?e i?iya o ae?yeueiino? Ee?eei-Iaoiae??anueeiai a?aonoaa
(1845-1847 ??.) – ia?oi? nooi oe?a?inueei? i?aai?caoe?? iie?oe/iiai
ni?yioaaiiy, yea ii?aeiaea e?aueo i?aaenoaaiee?a a?o/eciyii?
?ioae?aaioe??. A oeae ia??iae yne?aai aeyaeeinue caeeaeaiiy aeaio
eoeueoo?. Naia ia ?o ia?ao?auaii? c’yaeeenue oae? aenie? aeooiai?
iaaeaaiiy, ye “oe?a?inueea oeiea” a iieuenueeiio ienueiainoa? 20-30-o
?ie?a, ui ciaeoea iaaiee a?aeaeoie ? o oai?/ino? O.Oiiaia, a oaeiae
iieuenueea oa/?y “oeiiiiai?a”, i?aaenoaaieee yei? iaee cia/iee aieea ia
oi?ioaaiiy na?oiaeyaeo I.A.Eenaiea. Aeaye? aniaeoe oeeo yaeu
aena?oeththoueny a ?iaio?. O?ni? eiioaeoe oe?a?inueei? ? iieuenueei?
?ioae?aaioe?? i?inoaaeothoueny oaeiae ? ia i?eeeaae? oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino? O.A.Oaa/aiea. A iaeyae? oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo eoeueoo?ieo
ca’yce?a i?aee?aneth?oueny, ui a O?O noie?oo? niaoeeo?ea
oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo aca?iei aaaaoi a /iio iaoiiaethaaeanue ??ciei
??aiai ?icaeoeo ?o iaoe?iiaeueieo eoeueoo?. Aei oeueiai /ano Iieueua,
yea i?ioyaii aaaaoueio a?e?a aoea a?eueiith ? iiaooiueith aea?aeaaith,
iaea ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey ?icaeoeo. Aaaeeeao ?ieue ooo a?ae?a?aaaee
aaciina?aaei? ca’ycee c e?a?iaie Cao?aeii? ?a?iie. Caaaeyee oeueiio a
iieuenuee?e eoeueoo?? niinoa??aa?oueny aacia?a?ai?noue ?
noaae?aeuei?noue (?aianain, ?aoi?iaoe?y, Aa?iei, I?ina?oieoeoai,
?iiaioeci). Oe?a?ia ae, ao?aoeaoe naith aea?aeaai?noue ua ia ii/aoeo XIV
noie?ooy, acaaae?, ye ieoa ?aai Aecthaa, “iaei eiee ia?aaoaaea a noai?
iioeiaeueiiai /e i?inoi ii?iaeueiiai iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?iiai
?icaeoeo, a?eueoa ae o noai? ai?ioueae ca iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?ia
aeaeeaaiiy”1 .
1 Oe?a?inueea eoeueoo?a: Eaeoe?? ca ?aaeaeoe??th Aeieo?a
Aioiiiae/a.-E.:Eea?aeue,1993.-N.6.
A oiio a ieioeiio noie?oo? ?? eoeueoo?a, ia iath/e oaeiai aeina?aeo,
iiaeiia aoea o i?enei?aiiio oaii? iacaeiaaiyoe /an, nie?ath/enue ia
eoeueoo?i? aeinyaiaiiy ?ioeo ia?iae?a. A?eueo aeniei ?icaeiaia
iieuenueea eoeueoo?a a oeueiio a?aeiioaii? iaea iniaeeaa cia/aiiy, ai
aeey Oe?a?ie aiia noaea ni?aaaei?i “a?eiii a ?a?iio”. I?ioa
niinoa??aaany ? cai?ioiee i?ioean. ?icaeaath/enue ia ni?eueiiio a?oio?,
iieuenueea ienoaoeoai iaaeeoaeinue iaae/a?iieie aaaaonoaaie
oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o. A ioce/i?e eoeueoo?? aaaaoia?eiaee iai?i
aeooiaieie oe?iiinoyie ciaeoia iaea?eueo yne?aaa ao?eaiiy o oai?/ino?
aeaeaoieo ieooe?a Iieueu? oa Oe?a?ie, caniiaiee?a eiiiiceoi?nueeeo oe?e
O?eaea??ea Oiiaia ? Ieeiee Eenaiea. Oae, nyaioaoe iaaoaaeeo aenio o
aai?? Oiiaia, iieuenueea oi?oai?aiia ienoaoeoai c?a?aei aaeeeo ?ieue o
noaiiaeaii? i?ioan?eiiai aeeiiaanoaa ? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee a Oe?a?i?,
ui yne?aai i?inoaaeo?oueny ia i?eeeaae? ?? ooiaeaoi?a I.A.Eenaiea. C
?ioiai aieo, a nai?e ioceoe? Oiiaia a?aeaeeenue u?euei? ca’ycee
oe?a?inueeiai ? iieuenueeiai oieueeei?o.
I?ioa iiaeaeueoee ?noi?e/iee ?icaeoie iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aea? oa
iaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee, e?ioeaaith iaoith yei? aoei caaithaaiiy
aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino?, iine?aeiaii i?eaiaeea aei caaino?aiiy
eiio?iioaoe?? i?ae aeaiia ia?iaeaie. Iinooiiai, ?c c?inoaiiyi
iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino? oe?a?ioe?a, i?eoiaeeei ?icoi?iiy oiai, ui,
caeeeeath/e aei aeoeaieo ni?eueieo ae?e, iieyee iani?aaae? aaee
ai?ioueao ca aecaieaiiy eeoa nai?? iaoe??, ?aii?oth/e ? iaa?oue
iiie?ath/e i?aaiaiiy oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo. Iai?ee?ioe? O?O noie?ooy
c?oeiaiiy ?o iaoe?iiaeueieo ?ioa?an?a ae?eoei aei iai?eie?eiiai
aioaaii?cio, o ca’yceo c /ei caciaea e?aoo oaeiae ?ethc?y neia’yinueei?
?aeiino?. Oaea eiio?iioaoe?y o a?aeiineiao i?ae aeaiia ia?iaeaie iaeeaea
a?aeaeoie ia ?icaeoie ?o eoeueoo?ieo ca’yce?a. Noia?a/eeaa noaaeaiiy
aaaaoueio oe?a?ioe?a aei aino?iai a o? /ane “iieuenueeiai ieoaiiy” oa
aei iieuenueei? eoeueoo?e a?aeaeeinue ? o na?aeiiino? I.A.Eenaiea. C
iaeiiai aieo, c iaoith caa?aaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? naiiaooiino?
a?o/eciyii? eoeueoo?e ?iaeeenue ni?iae ooo/iiai a?aeiaaeoaaiiy a?ae
iieueneeo aieea?a, a c ?ioiai aieo, caa??aaany aaeeeee ?ioa?an aei
eoeueoo?ieo aeinyaiaiue Iieueu? ? i?aaiaiiy a/eoenue ia ?o e?aueo
c?aceao. A iaeyae? iieuenueeeo eiioaeo?a I.Eenaiea cina?aaeaeo?oueny
oaaaa ia?aaaaeii ia aena?oeaii? eiai noinoie?a c i?aaenoaaieeaie
iieuenueei? oa/?? “oeiiiiai?a”, ye? c?iaeee cia/iee aianie o ?icaeoie
oe?a?inueei? eoeueoo?e. Na?aae ieo aeaeaoiee ?noi?ee, a?oaieia ?
aoiia?ao Aieiaeeie? Aioiiiae/, a?aeiiee o?eieia, aoiia?ao, aeiiii?no ?
a?iiaaenueeee ae?y/ Oaaeae ?eeuenueeee (aaoueei iiaoa Iaeneia
?eeuenueeiai), oaeaiiaeoee ienueiaiiee, aoiia?ao ? a?iiaaenueeee ae?y/
Ai?en Iiciainueeee, ienueiaiiee, o?eieia, aoiia?ao ? oieueeei?eno Iaaei
AEeoaoeueeee oa ?io?.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “IOCEEA O.OIIAIA ? OI?IOAAIIss A?O*ECIssII?
O?AAeEOe?? ?? NI?EEIssOOss” i?inoaaeo?oueny i?ioean iioe?aiiy a Oe?a?i?
oai??a O.Oiiaia o aeieenaie?anueeo aeiao. Aeathoueny oai?/? ii?o?aoe ?o
ia?oeo aeeiiaaoe?a o eiioaeno? caaaeueii?a?iiaenueei? oi?oai?aiii?
i?aeoeee 30-50-o ?ie?a. Ia iaoa??ae? /eneaiieo aeieoiaioaeueieo aeaea?ae
(?aoeaic?? o ia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiiyo, niiaaaee no/aniee?a oiui)
?ice?eaathoueny iaai? iniaeeaino? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oiiai?anueei? ioceee a
o? /ane, aeine?aeaeo?oueny niaoeeo?ea ?? ona?aeiieaiiy.
Aeaiee ?icae?e i?noeoue ia?aeiieea? aeieace oiai, ui ioceea O.Oiiaia
ii/aea cao/aoe a Oe?a?i? ua ca aeeooy eiiiiceoi?a. Iniiaiei aeaea?aeii
?? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy noaea eiioea?oia ae?yeuei?noue a?o/eciyieo
ioceeaio?a iieuenueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy – Aioiia Aa?ea ? Ieeiee
Eaoaanueeiai. Aaaeeeaeie aeey ?? anei?eyoe?? ia oe?a?inueeiio a?oio?
noaee oaeiae aenooie aeaeaoieo i?ai?no?a-aano?iea??a, ye? iaee iaaiaeo
aaciina?aaeiuei ni?eeoaaoeny c Oiiaiii, ni?eeiath/e eiai oai?e a
aaoi?nuee?e ?ioa?i?aoaoe??. Aei ieo iaeaaeaee, iai?eeeaae, Oa?aioe E?no
? Aioii Aa?ea. Iaaeeoath/enue ? caoiiethth/enue ioceeith aai?aeueiiai
iieyea, aiie noaee ?? iaeeeie i?iiaaaiaeenoaie. A?aeiii, ui a?o iaio
i?ai?no?a iiceoeaii ioe?ithaaa ? nai O.Oiiai. Oai?e iieuenueeiai
eiiiiceoi?a a oeae /an iinooiiai caeo/athoueny ? aei ?aia?ooa?o ia?oeo
i?ioan?eieo oe?a?inueeeo aeeiiaaoe?a, i?i ui e?aniiiiaii na?ae/aoue
aenooie oa?e?anueei? i?ai?noee THe?? A??iaa?a.
I?ioean ona?aeiieaiiy oa iiaioaaiiy oiiai?anueei? ioceee a Oe?a?i?
i?ioiaeea nii/aoeo aeoaea iia?eueii. I?ioyaii 30-40-o ?ie?a oai?e
Oiiaia, ooieoe?iioth/e eeoa ia eiioea?oi?e ano?aae?, ua iaeaea ia
cono??/athoueny i? a iaaeaaia?/iiio ?aia?ooa??, i? a iiaooiaiio
ioceeoaaii?. Iiynithaaeinue oea, a ia?oo /a?ao, a?aenooi?noth oaa?aeiai
i?ioan?eiiai a?oioo. Ia oie /an a Oe?a?i? ua ia ?nioaaei aeanii?
oi?oai?aiii? oeiee, ? oiio ioce/ia aeeooy aoei iia’ycaia ia?aaaaeii c
aenooiaie ?iicaiieo aeeiiaaoe?a. Iaa?oue ia?o? a?o/eciyi? i?ioan?ei?
i?ai?noe, ye? caeiaoee i?ae?anio ina?oo ca ei?aeiiii, ia ciaoiaey/e ia
aaouee?auei? canoinoaaiiy nai?i cae?aiinoyi, ciooai? aoee i?aoethaaoe
ia?aaaaeii ca iaaeaie Oe?a?ie (ye A.Aa?ea ? TH.A??iaa?a).
I??i?eoao ia?oiai aeeiiaaoey oiiai?anueei? ioceee a Oe?a?i?, ye ? a
?in??, iaeaaeeoue Aioiio Aa?ea. Ciaeiinoai a?o/eciyii? ioae?ee c
oai?/?noth iieuenueeiai eiiiiceoi?a ii/aeiny c aai?aeueieo Eiioea?o?a
e-moll ? f-moll, ye? 26-??/iee ioceeaio aeeiiaa i?ae /an nai?o
iaeanueeeo aano?ieae a 1836 ?ioe?. Iaaeiaaeeiai, ui a?aeaoeinue oea naia
a Iaean?, aea a 30-o? ?iee eiioeaio?oaaeinue iaea?eueo ?ioaineaia
ioce/ia aeeooy. C aiae?co ?aoeaic?e noa? i/aaeaeiei, ui iniaeeaino?
?ioa?i?aoaoe?? Aioiiii Aa?ea oiiai?anueeeo oai??a aoee aeayeith i??ith
aeecuee? aeeiiaanueeei i?eioeeiai naiiai eiiiiceoi?a. Aeoiaaiee a
o?aaeeoe?yo aeie?no?anueeiai ?aiiueiai ?iiaioecio, iath/e aenieo
i???ioaoe?th ia ooaeiaeiuei-noeeueiao anoaoeeo Oiiaia, a?i coi?a
caiia?aoe iaaaoeaieo ?en ienoaoeoaa a??ooic?a. sse ? Oiiai, a?i i?eiee
ia ceiaaeeaaa ia?aa?eueoaiiyi aiioe?e oa ciai?oiueith a?aao?i?noth.
Noaey/e c a?aeaoe?a o i?an?, aia?oa ii/ooa ioceea iieuenueeiai
eiiiiceoi?a a?aceea a?o/eciyieo neooa/?a ianaiia?aae nai?th oaoi?/iith
neeaaei?noth. Naia oiio o?eaaeee /an oiiai?anuee? oai?e ia ciaoiaeeee
nai?o aeeiiaaoe?a a Oe?a?i?. Eeoa /a?ac o?noue ?ie?a i?ney aenooi?a
A.Aa?ea, a naia a 1842 ?ioe?, ia ioae?/ieo ?nieoao o Iieoaanueeiio
?inoeooo? oeyoaoieo ae?a/ao iaeaeaa eiioea?oe O.Oiiaia c?a?aee o/aieoe?
oaeaiiaeoiai iaaeaaiaa Ea?ea O.Eaiaia Ieueaa oa Ia??y Naeaoeuee?.
Ianooiia a?oa ona?aeiieaiiy oa iiaioaaiiy oiiai?anueei? oai?/ino? a
oe?a?inuee?e ioce/i?e eoeueoo?? iia’ycaia c ?iaiai THe?? A??iaa?a.
Iaa/ath/enue o A?eeoaia a Iinea?, o A.Aaicaeueoa a Iaoa?ao?c?, a iio?i o
A?aeainuee?e eiina?aaoi??? o ?.O?oaioa, aiia aoea aeoiaaia a o?aaeeoe?yo
i?iaoeueeiai aeaaeai?/iiai i?ai?cio c eiai iineeaiith oaaaith aei
oaoi?/iiai aieo oai?o ? aeaiiino?aoe?? a??ooicieo yeinoae. A oaeiio ae
ieai? iinoaa ? Oiiai a ?? ?ioa?i?aoaoe??. A 1843 ?ioe? a iaeiiio c
oa?e?anueeeo aeaaiae?eieo eiioea?o?a aiia aeeiiaea aothaee Oiiaia, ye?
aoee iiaeai? o a?aeiia?aeiiio aoaeoii-a??ooiciiio eiioaeno?. A oeueiio
ae ?ioe? ioceeo Oiiaia iaee ciiao ii/ooe aaea o aaaaoueio i?noao Oe?a?ie
caaaeyee aano?ieueiei aenooiai iineianueeiai i?ai?noa-aiaoi?a Ieeiee
Eaoaanueeiai. Iaeeee i?eoeeueiee oaeaioo naiai ni?aa?o/ecieea, a?i
aeaiiino?oaaa a?eueo aeeaiea i?iieeiaiiy a nooue oiiai?anueei? ioceee,
yea ona?aeiiethaaeanue ?ioa?i?aoaoi?ii a aniaeo? iaoe?iiaeueiiai.
Aeiyoeiaa cia/aiiy o i?iiaaaiae? oai?/ino? Oiiaia a Oe?a?i? iaee
aano?ie? Oa?aioea E?noa a 1847 ?ioe?. Nai?ie eiioea?oaie, yeeo aoei
a?eueoa o?eaeoeyoe, a?i cia/ii ?icoe?ea aaia?ao?th ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy. O
aeeiiaii? aeaeaoiiai a?oenoa ioceeo iieuenueeiai eiiiiceoi?a ii/oee a
aaaaoueio i?noao Oe?a?ie (Ee?a, AEeoiie?, E?aiaiaoeue, Euea?a,
*a?i?aoe?, Iaeana, Ieeiea?a, Aicianainuee, ?eenaaaoa?aae). Iacaaaeath/e
ia oa, ui a ?aia?ooa?? O.E?noa ye iaeeiai oaioaaeueieea oaeaioo Oiiaia
aoee iaeaea an? eiai oai?e, oe?a?inueeeo neooa/?a a?i iciaeiiea eeoa c
aeayeeie c ieo (iaco?ee,iieiiace, aothaee, oa?aioaea). A eiioea?oao
E?noa ioceea Oiiaia cao/aea ii?o/ c aeeneo/eie a??ooicieie oai?aie.
Na?aae ieo ia?aaaaeaee o?aine?eioe?? iiioey?ieo ia oie /an ?oae?enueeeo
iia? oa a?aao?ieo eiioea?oieo i’?n, ye? neeaaeaee oeiiaee ?aia?ooa?
i?ai?no?a-a??ooic?a iiaiai eiioea?oiiai noeeth. C ?aoeaic?e i/aaeaeii,
ui iniaeeai i?eaaaethaaei a?o/eciyieo neooa/?a aeeiiaiiy E?noii
oiiai?anueeeo iaco?ie. Na?aae yne?aaeo i?eano?iaeo aoaeo?a ? ao/ieo
oi?oeneii, ao?oeeaeo ii?ea?a ? iaeeeo i?eno?anoae, i?aoi?nueeiai iaoino
? oaao?aeueiiai aeeneo, ye? aoee aeanoea? aeeiiaanuee?e iaia?? E?noa,
iaco?ee aoee iiaeai? oa ni?eeiaeenue a?aeo?iyth/ei eiio?anoii,
iiaoe/iith ?ioa?iaae??th, aiaaeuenueeith i?niath, ui eeia c iaaan ?
oaeeth? aeooo. I?i oe? iniaeeaino? e?no?anueei? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? /oaeiai
ienaa Aaeuecae: “Ae iiaeaoa noaeeoe i?i E?noa, eeoa i?ineooaaoe Oiiaia a
eiai aeeiiaii?. Oai?aoeue – aeaiii, iieye – aiaae!”1 .
1 Oeeo. ca ei.: I?eueooaei ss.?.-O.E?no. A 2 O.-
I.:Iocuea,1971.-.O.2.-N.307.
?ioa?i?aoaoe?y E?noii oai??a Oiiaia aoea nai???aeiei ii?o?aoii
oethaeaiiai eiiiiceoi?a, yeee iinoaa, ianaiia?aae, ye iaoe?iiaeueiee
iiao, ui a?aeoai?ea o nai?e oai?/ino? “aanue aeoo, /oanoai, iue, eaeaae
iauanoaa”2 .
2 E?no O. O.Oiiai.-I.:Iieeoecaeao,1956.-N.311.
A ?iaio? aena?oeththoueny oaeiae aeaye? aniaeoe ca’yce?a Oiiaia ? E?noa,
cacia/a?oueny a?aei?ii?noue ?o aeeiiaanueeeo iaia?.
Oai?e Oiiaia, ca na?ae/aiiyi no/aniee?a, aeyaeeenue nii/aoeo neeaaeieie
ia o?eueee aeey aeeiiaiiy, aea e aeey ni?eeiyooy. Aiie ??cei
a?ae??ciyeenue a?ae oeiiaiai ia oie /an oi?oai?aiiiai ?aia?ooa?o, yeee a
ia??iae oaiaoe/iiai caoiieaiiy ?oae?enueeith iia?ith ? ienoaoeoaii
a??ooic?a neeaaeaany ia?aaaaeii c /eneaiieo o?aine?eioe?e, aa??aoe?e oa
oaioac?e ia iiioey?i? iia?i? oaie aai a?aao?ieo, aoaeoieo aea ionoeo
i’?n-iaeiiaeaiie, ?ic?aoiaaieo eeoa ia aeaiiino?aoe?th ?ii?ia?caoe?eieo
oa oaoi?/ieo iiaeeeainoae i?ai?noa. Aenie? ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/i?
?aeaaee, a?enoie?aoeci ? aeineiiae?noue oiiai?anueeiai ienoaoeoaa
noaaeee eiai inoi?iiue a?ae aaaaoueio e?aeiiu?a a??ooiciiai ano?aaeiiai
aeeiiaanoaa, c?a?aaoe aaeeeo ?ieue o oi?ioaaii? ooaeiaei?o niae?a
a?o/eciyieo neooa/?a. I/aaeaeii, iacae/iith aeey ieo aeyaeeanue ?
aeeiiaanueea iaia?a ia?oeo oiiai?anueeeo ?ioa?i?aoaoi??a, ye?
?ai?acaiooaaee i?eioeeie iiai? oi?oai?aiii? oeiee, aeaeaei? a?ae
iiaa?oiai? a?aao?iino? ? ea?eieiiieo o?the?a. Naia oiio aeey aeeaieiai
ona?aeiieaiiy ienoaoeoaa Oiiaia iio??aai aoa /an.
Aeeiai?ea eiai ni?eeiyooy iii?oia aaea iaa?oue ? a oeae aeineoue noeneee
ia??iae. sseui nii/aoeo oai?e O.Oiiaia (eiioea?oe, aothaee), iiaeai? a
eiioaeno? c a??ooicieie i’?naie (o A.Aa?ea, TH.A??iaa?a), a?aaeaee eeoa
nai?ie oaoi?/ieie neeaaeiiuaie ? ni?eeiaeenue ye iaeii c iaeaeueo
aeinyaiaiue iiai? oi?oai?aiii? oaoi?ee, oi a 40-o ?ieao a
?ioa?i?aoaoe?yo O.E?noa ? I.Eaoaanueeiai aaea a?aee?eeenue aeeaeii?
yeino? oiiai?anueei? ioceee – ?? naiiaooi?e iaoe?iiaeueiee eiei?eo.
Noaey/e c ?aoeaic?e, oe?a?inueeo ioae?eo iniaeeai caoiiethaaee aeniea
aiioe?ei?noue ioceee O.Oiiaia, ?? ?iiaioe/ia i?aeianai?noue,
iiaoe/i?noue ? i?naii?noue, caaeooaai?noue ? i?iieeeeaee e??eci – naia
o? ?ene, ye? aoee ni?acao/i? iniaeeainoyi oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino?.
Neooa/? a?ae/oee caaaeueiineia’yinueeee oa?aeoa? iaeiae?e O.Oiiaia,
oiaoi ni?euei?noue oe?a?inueei? ? iieuenueei? i?naiiino?. Ana oea
caeeaaeaei i?oei? ei?ai? aeey iiaeaeueoiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy oiiai?anueei?
niaaeueie ia oe?a?inueeiio a?oio?, ui noaei aaaeeeaei iane?aeeii
ia?oiai, aeieenaie?anueeiai aoaio ?? ni?eeiyooy ? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy.
O?ao?e ?icae?e “I.EENAIEI – ?IOA?I?AOAOI? O.OIIAIA” i?enay/aiee
ianooiiiio aoaio iioe?aiiy oiiai?anueei? oai?/ino? a Oe?a?i?, eiee
aeiyoeiao ?ieue a oeueiio i?ioean? a?ae?a?aa naia Ieeiea Eenaiei – iaeei
?c ia?oeo a?o/eciyieo i?ai?no?a-i?ioan?iiae?a, ooiaeaoi? iaoe?iiaeueiiai
oi?oai?aiiiai ?aia?ooa?o. Aecia/a?oueny i?noea ? ?ieue oai??a Oiiaia a
eiai iaa/aeueiiio oa eiioea?oiiio ?aia?ooa??, aeyaeythoueny iniaeeaino?
?o ?ioa?i?aoaoe??.
A ?iee noaiiaeaiiy I.Eenaiea oai?e O.Oiiaia ii/eiathoue a?eueo oe?iei
ooieoe?iioaaoe a oe?a?inuee?e ioce/i?e eoeueoo??. sse ? a
aeieenaie?anueeo aeiao, iaeiei ?c aeaea?ae ?o i?iiaaaiaee caeeoaeenue
aano?ie? aeaeaoieo ca?oa?aeieo ioceeaio?a, a oiio /ene? ? iieuenueeeo.
Oae, o eiioea?oiiio nacii? 1851-1852 ?ie?a oiiai?anuee? i’?ne i?icao/aee
a Ee?a? oa Iaean? o aeeiiaii? 15-??/iiai i?ai?noa Eicaoa Aaiyanueeiai,
yeee, noaey/e c ?aoeaic?e, aeaiiino?oaaa aeeaiea i?iieeiaiiy a noeeue
ioceee naiai ni?aa?o/ecieea. Cia/iith iiae??th a ioce/iiio aeeoo? oeeo
i?no, a oaeiae Oa?eiaa noaee aano?ie? aeaeaoiiai i?ai?noa, iaaeaaiaa oa
eiiiiceoi?a Aaeieueoa Aaicaeueoa (1854 ?.), yeiai ca iiaoe/i?noue,
aeooaai?noue oa aeoii/ai?noue a?e ia??aeei iaceaaee “i?iaoeueeei
Oiiaiii”1 .
1 Noania A.A. A aeaiue thaeeay Aaicaeueoa //Noaouee i iocuea:A 5
aui.-I.:Iocuea,1978.-Aui.4.-N.59.
Naia a eiai ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? iaco?ee oa aothaee O.Oiiaia iaa ciiao ii/ooe
a Ee?a? ? 12-??/iee Ieeiea Eenaiei, yeee, iaa/ath/enue a oeae /an o
iain?ii? (1852-1855), aaea na?eicii caeiaany ioceeith.
Caaaeyee i?ioan?eiiio c?inoaiith a?o/eciyiiai aeeiiaanoaa oai?e O.Oiiaia
cao/aee oaia? ia eeoa a eiioea?oao aeaeaoieo i?ai?no?a-aano?iea??a, aea
e iaaoaaee iiioey?iino? a aiaoi?nueeiio ioceeoaaii?. I?i oea na?ae/eoue
? oa, ui iai?ee?ioe? 50-o ?ie?a oethaeai? i’?ne iieuenueeiai eiiiiceoi?a
aeineoue /anoi ia?aeeaaeaeenue aeey ?ioeo ?ino?oiaio?a, o oiio /ene? ?
aeey i?eano?o, ui aoei oeiiaei yaeuai oiai /ano. Iniaeeai oaeaeei
oa?eoee o na?aeii?noue ? iiaoo oe?a?inueeeo iaeiiai?a oiiai?anuee?
iaco?ee, ye? aia?oa i?icao/aee a ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? O.E?noa (1847 ??e). Ca
niiaaaeaie no/aniee?a, ?o aeeiioaaee oiae? iaa?oue ia n?iaeieo aa/i?ao.
Aei oiai ae oai?e O.Oiiaia ana /ano?oa aeeth/aeenue aei iaaeaaia?/iiai
?aia?ooa?o ? aeeiioaaeenue iaa?oue aeoaea thieie o/iyie, iai?eeeaae,
9-??/iei ?aaiii Aaaia?ii o Ee?a? (1853 ?.) oa 12-??/iei iieoaa/aieiii
Aiae???i ?iaecyiei (i?ae /an aano?ieae a Iaean? a 1854 ?ioe?). Aaaeeeao
?ieue o oeueiio a?ae?a?aee ?o a/eoae? – i?aaenoaaieee aeniei?icaeiaii? ?
aaoi?eoaoii? ia oie /an /anueei? oi?oai?aiii? oeiee, ye? aoee iaeeeie
i?eoeeueieeaie ioceee ia?oiai neia’yinueeiai eiiiiceoi?a. Iieaciai, ui
ia?oei ? ?aeeiei a/eoaeai a?e ia oi?oai?aii O.Oiiaia aoa oaeiae /anueeee
iaaeaaia Aie/ao AEeaiee, yeee iaaeaa iiaeeea?noue ?ice?eoenue
oiiai?anueeiio oaeaioo. Oaea ae aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy iaee iaaeaaiae
/anueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy (A.E.Iaii//ei? oa ?.?.A?eue/ae) ? a ioce/iiio
aeoiaaii? I.Eenaiea. A?aeiii, ui naia i?ae ea??aieoeoaii ?.A?eue/aea
13-??/iee o/aiue Oa?e?anueei? a?iiac?? ii/aa iiaiiaoaaoe oiiai?anuee?
oai?e. Ciaeiinoai c ieie i?iaeiaaeeeinue oaeiae i?ae /an eiai iaa/aiiy o
oaeaiiaeoiai iineianueeiai i?ai?noa I.Ae.Aeieo???aa.
I/aaeaeii, ioceea aai?aeueiiai iieyea iniaeeai a?aceea iiaoe/io
thiaoeueeo aeooo Ieeiee Eenaiea, ai aaea c eiai ia?oeo ioae?/ieo
aenooi?a, ye? ii/aeenue o oa?e?anueeee ia??iae (14-17 ?ie?a), a?i noa?
a?aeiiei o ioce/ieo eieao naia ye /oaeiaee ?ioa?i?aoaoi? oiiai?anueeeo
i’?n. Aaea oiae? noathoue iii?oieie ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? iniaeeaino? eiai
aeeiiaanueeiai noeeth, aea a??ooici?noue ii?aeioaaeanue ?c “a?iaeaeaiei
oaieii aeoo?”1 .
1 I.A.Eenaiei o niiaaaeao no/aniee?a.-E.:Ioce/ia Oe?a?ia,1968.-N.24.
Aaeeeo ?ieue o oeueiio c?a?aee naia oai?e O.Oiiaia, iaieiae?iiy yeeie
oi?ioaaei aenie? ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/i? niaee ioceeaioa, aacaeiaaiiee
i?ai?ci ? na?eicia noaaeaiiy aei ienoaoeoaa. Oiiai?anueea ioca
aeyaeeanue aeecueeith Eenaieia? nai?th iaoe?iiaeueiith naiiaooi?noth,
ni?euei?noth oe?a?inueeiai ? iieuenueeiai oieueeei?o, a oaeiae aaaaoei
aioo??oi?i aiioe?eiei ci?noii, ue??noth ? aaciina?aaei?noth ii/ooo?a,
i?naii?noth oa e??e/i?noth, ui i?eoaiaii? oe?a?inuee?e iaioaeueiino?.
Naia iniaeno?noue aai?aeueiiai iieyea noaea aeey Eenaiea yne?aaei
ac??oeai neoae?iiy ia?iaeia?, caaaeyee /iio ona?aeiiethaaeanue ? aeania
aeniea i?n?y ia?iaeiiai ni?aoey.
I?ioa i?ae /an iaa/aiiy o Eaeioeecuee?e eiina?aaoi??? Eenaieia? neiiao??
aei oiiai?anueei? ioceee ia ciaeoee i?aeo?eiee o a?eueoino? aaoi?eoaoieo
i?iaoeueeeo i?ioani??a. Eenaiei ia?aeiio?oueny, ui “Oiiaia i?ioe? ia
?icoi?thoue ? c i?ace?noaii noaaeyoueny aei oeo, ooi eiai a?a?”.2
2 Eenaiei I.A. Eenoe.-E.:Ienoaoeoai,1964.-N.28.
Oei a?eueo oe?iii, ui a eiai iaa/aeueiiio ?aia?ooa?? oai?e iieuenueeiai
eiiiiceoi?a, “?aeeiiai neia’yieia, ui iio?aiea o na?aaeiaeua aai?aeueieo
i?ioe?a”3, cono??/athoueny ana ae oaee aeineoue /anoi. Aacoiiaii, oea
aoea aeania ?i?oe?aoeaa Eenaiea.
3 I.A. Eenaiei o niiaaaeao no/aniee?a.-E.:Ioce/ia Oe?a?ia,1968.-N.49.
I?i oea na?ae/eoue oie oaeo, ui ia io?oe?eieo ?nieoao aai aenooiao o
Aaaaiaeoaoc? a?i a?aa aeiyoeiai oai?e i?iaoeueeeo eiiiiceoi??a, a ioceea
Oiiaia cao/aea a eiai aeeiiaii? eeoa ia eiina?aaoi?nueeeo “ioce/ieo
aa/i?ao”. Eeoa eiai a/eoae?-i?ioani?e E.?aeiaea oa A.Aaioeaeue,
iiaaaeath/e ?iaeea?aeoaeuei?noue oaeaiiaeoiai o/iy, eoee iacono??/ eiai
i?aaiaiiyi. C aeanoeaith i?ioeyi ?aoaeuei?noth aiie i?aoethaaee c iei ?
iaae oiiai?anueeei ?aia?ooa?ii, yeee 25-??/iee Eenaiei canaithaaa aaea
ia a?eueo aenieiio i?ioan?eiiio oa ooaeiaeiueiio ??ai?. sseui a
thiaoeueeee ia??iae ciaeiinoai c oai?aie Oiiaia iaiaaeoaaeinue
ia?aaaaeii i?i?aoth?aie, oi a eiina?aaoi??? a?i i?aaia inyaoe
ae?aiaoo?a?/i? eiioeaioe?? iaeneeaaei?oeo oai??a e?oiii? oi?ie. Aei oiai
ae Eenaiei aeeneo/a iiaiiao? a??ooici?noue oiiai?anueeiai i?ai?cio,
aaaaoi /ano i?eae?eyth/e ?icaeoeia? oi?oai?aiii? oaoi?ee. I?ioa oea ia
noa? aeuith iaoith eiai ?ioa?i?aoaoe??. Iai?ioeaaao caaaeuei?e
ni?yiiaaiino? Eaeioeecueei? eiina?aaoi???, aea ia ia?oiio i?noe? noiyei
caaaeaiiy i?aeaioiaee aeeneo/eo a??ooic?a-niaoe?ae?no?a, Eenaiei coi?a
caiia?aoe iaaaoeaiiio aieeao ia’?eoea?nonueeeo i?eioeei?a i?iaoeueeiai
aeaaeai?/iiai i?ai?cio c eiai iineeaiith oaaaith aei oi?iaeueiiai ?
oaoi?/iiai aieo oai?o. A iaeiiio c eeno?a aei ??aeieo a?i ienaa:”Iaiy
ecoieyao aieueoeinoai iaioeaa, /oi iie, caaeaaoenue oioue au
niaoeeaeueii e iocueaeueiith i?ioanneath, oaiiythony aaeeinoaaiii ca
iaeueoeaaaaaieai ii oi?oaiueyii, aeaaea ia iniaaiii caaioynue i
au?aceoaeueiinoe e ithaine?iaea a ea?a”.1
1 Eenaiei I.A. Eenoe.-E.:Ienoaoeoai,1964.-N.69.
Aeey Eenaiea aieiaia a ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? – oea ia ciai?oi?e a?e, a
“ae?aci?noue” ? “ci?no”, oiaoi aioo??oi?e na?o ii/ooo?a. C oaeeo naieo
iiceoe?e a?i i?aeoiaeea ? aei ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oiiai?anueeeo oai??a.
Aiae?coth/e eiioea?oiee ?aia?ooa? Eenaiea-i?ai?noa, ?ioaineaia
ae?yeuei?noue yeiai ?icai?ioeanue ia ii/aoeo 70-o ?ie?a, a?ae?aco i?ney
iiaa?iaiiy c Eaeioeeaa, ia iiaeia ia iii?oeoe, ui cia/ia i?noea a ieo
caeiathoue oai?e O.Oiiaia. Oea a?aeiia?aeaei aeooaeueiei o oie /an
?aeayi neia’yinueei? ?aeiino? ? ciaoiaeeei iaeeee a?aeaoe o i?noeaai?
a?iiaaenueeino? oa a io?oe?ei?e i?an?. “Eiioea?ou aai, ciaeiiy ian n
eo/oeie i?iecaaaeaieyie ?onneie e neaayineie iocuee, – ieoa “Eeaaeyiei”,
– ainieouaatho a ioaeeea iaoeeiiaeueiua einoeieou, iaeaai?aaeeaatho
iocueaeueiue aeon”2.
2 I-u. I.A.Eunaiei eae eiioea?oaio e eiiiiceoi?
//Eeaaeyiei.-1872.-?49.-N.1
sse na?ae/eoue ?aoeaicaio, i?ia?aie eiioea?o?a I.Eenaiea “ii
na?ueaciinoe e oa?aeoa?iinoe naiae ?acei ioee/athony io anao i?i/eo; a
ieo iu ii/oe ia iaoiaeei o.i. guasi – “eiioea?oiuo” iuean, auethueo ia
yooaeo e aeaoaaoth iiioey?iinoue. O a.Eunaiei a iniiaa anaaaea eaaeeo
eeanne/aneay iocuea, n eioi?ie ii o?oaeiinoe auiieiaiey eeaaneay ioaeeea
ia auea i?aaeaea ciaeiia”.3
3 I-u. I.A.Eunaiei eae eiioea?oaio e eiiiiceoi?
//Eeaaeyiei.-1872.-?49.-N.1
Aacoiiaii, oea noino?oueny ? oai??a Oiiaia, ye? Eenaiei aeeth/a? aei
eiioea?oieo i?ia?ai oeueiai ia??iaeo – Aaeeea eiioea?oia ?iiaei aeey
oi?oai?aii c i?eano?ii (i?.14) oa iaeaeaa Eiioea?oe Oiiaia (i?. 11 oa
i?.21). Oiiai?anuee? oai?e (Iieiiac, Aaeuen, Oaioac?y f-moll) cao/aee ?
a oae caaieo “Neia’yinueeeo eiioea?oao” Eenaiea, ye? a?i aeaooiaoaaa
i?ae /an ia?aaoaaiiy o Iaoa?ao?c? (1875 ?.). Noaey/e c a?aeaoe?a o
i?an?, Eenaiei aeyaea naaa ye /oaeiaee ?ioa?i?aoaoi? oiiai?anueei?
oai?/ino?, caeaoiee inyaiooe aeeaeiiee ci?no eiai ioceee, i?iioneath/e
?? e??cue aeania na?oea ? aeooo. I/aaeaeii, eiai ?iaeea?aeoaeuei?noue
yne?aai aeyaeyeanue naia o aeeiiaii? i’?n Oiiaia, ai ?o ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y
iaea?eueoa a?aaeaea a?o/eciyieo neooa/?a. I?e/eie oeueiai ?aoeaicaioe
aaa/aee o nii??aeiaiino? iaeiae?e, a?ae/oaath/e ni?euei?noue
oe?a?inueeeo ? iieuenueeeo oieueeei?ieo ia?oiaeaea?ae.
Eenaieia?-i?ai?noo /oaeiai aaeaeiny a?aeoai?eoe ? oa ii?aeiaiiy
a??ooiciino? oa e??e/iino?, yea i?eoaiaiia oai?ai “iieyea-ia?iaeieea”1,
? oa?aeoa?i? iniaeeaino? ?ioiioaaiiy oiiai?anueeeo iaeiae?e, ui eaeooue
a?ae aieaeueiiai noeeth bell canto.
1 Eenaiei I.A. Eenoe.-E.:Ienoaoeoai,1964.-N.407.
Iieaciai, ui iniaeeaino? aeeiiaanueei? iaia?e Eenaiea aoee aeoaea
aeecuee? oiiai?anueeiio i?ai?cio, ui aeyaeyeinue o i?inoio? ?
i?e?iaeiino? ooaeiaei?o i?eeii?a, o a?aenooiino? iieacii? aoaeoaoe?? oa
a?aao?iino?, a ?ioeiiino? oa caaeooaaiino? a?e.
Cia/io ?ieue o noaiiaeaii? iaoe?iiaeueii? oi?oai?aiii? oeiee c?a?aea
oe?iea iaaeaaia?/ia ae?yeuei?noue Eenaiea, ui i?ioiaeeea a ??cieo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao Ee?aa. Aiae?c eiai ?aia?ooa?ieo cioeo?a, ye?
caa?aaeeny o aoaeeieo-ioca? eiiiiceoi?a, na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui aeoiaaiiy
i?ioan?eiiai ioceeaioa Eenaiei ia oyaeya aac aeineiiaeiai aea/aiiy
oi?oai?aiii? niaaeueie Oiiaia, yea ?ai?acaioiaaia a eiai iaaeaaia?/iiio
?aia?ooa?? o iiaiiio ianyc? – a?ae i?i?aoth? aei iaeneeaaei?oeo
ae?aiaoe/ieo iiai. Ioceea iieuenueeiai eiiiiceoi?a o aeeiiaii? o/i?a
Eenaiea aeineoue /anoi cao/aea ia o/i?anueeeo aa/i?ao, ye? i?eaa?oaee
oaaao a?iiaaenueeino? i?noa ? iaaoaaee cia/aiiy aaaeeeai? eoeueoo?ii?
iiae??. I?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy oiio – ciaeaeai? a a?o?aao iocath ao?o? 1908
?ieo, aea na?aae aeeiiaieo i’?n cacia/ai? ?iiaei (i?.1) n-moll ?
Aaeaaee Oiiaia. Iiaioaaiiy oai??a Oiiaia Eenaiei ?icaeyaeaa ye aaaeeeaee
aoai o noaiiaeaii? i?ai?noa, ui iaei na?ae/eoe i?i aenieee ??aaiue
ooaeiaeiuei? c??eino?. “Ae?noaoe Oiiaia, – caaaeo? iaeia c o/aieoeue
Eenaiea, – aaaaeaeinue a?aecia/eoenue”2.
2 I.A.Eenaiei o niiaaaeao no/aniee?a.-E.:Ioce/ia Oe?a?ia,1968.-N.460.
Aei oiai ae, o ?iaio? c o/iyie, ye ? o aeaniiio aeeiiaii?, aieiaiith
iaoith ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? noaaeeiny ia i?inoi iaieiae?iiy oaoi?/iith
noi?iiith oai?o, a ai?iiy a?aeoai?eoe iaaiee ineoieia?/iee noai. Ca
niiaaaeaie o??? ae o/aieoe?, Eenaieia? iaeaaeaoue neiaa: “Oiiaia c?a?aoe
i?enoieii iiaea eeoa oie, ooi aaea aeyaey? iano??e”.3 Iaaeiaaeeiai, o
nai?o ?aia?ooa?ieo cioeoao an? aothaee Oiiaia oa oe?eee ?yae i?aethae?e
(i?.28) Eenaiei aeae?ey? ie?aiei i?aecaaieiaeii ye “aothaee aeey
aeeiiaiiy ? ae?aco”.
3 I.A.Eenaiei o niiaaaeao no/aniee?a.-E.:Ioce/ia Oe?a?ia,1968.-N.460.
Iacaaaeath/e ia noia?a/eeaa noaaeaiiy Eenaiea aei iieuenueeiai
aecaieueiiai ?ooo ? aei iieuenueei? eoeueoo?e, ui iai?oeeinue c
na?aaeeie 80-o ?ie?a O?O noie?ooy, ethaia ? caoiieai?noue ioceeith
O.Oiiaia caeeoeeenue iaci?iieie aei e?ioey aeeooy.
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “OIIAI?ANUeE? O?AAeEOe?? O OI?OAI?AII?E OAI?*INO?
I.A.EENAIEA” aeine?aeaeo?oueny i?iaeaia oniaaeeoaaiiy oe?a?inueeei
eiiiiceoi?ii iaaieo i?eioeei?a ?iiaioe/iiai ieneaiiy, aiae?co?oueny ?o
aeoeaia o?ainoi?iaoe?y /a?ac iiiaeaiiy ia?acii-?ioiiaoe?eii? noa?e (a?ae
eaaeiaiai eiei?eoo aei ae?aiaoo?a?/ieo eiioeaioe?e). O oe?ieiio
eiioaeno? niaaeei?iieo ca’yce?a c o?aaeeoe?yie cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo
?iiaioee?a aecia/a?oueny ?ieue oai?/ino? O.Oiiaia o noaiiaeaii?
eiiiiceoi?nueeiai noeeth I.Eenaiea.
O ?iaio? i?aee?aneth?oueny cia/aiiy I.Eenaiea o ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyiiai
oi?oai?aiiiai ienoaoeoaa. O ia??iae noaiiaeaiiy i?ai?noe/ii? eoeueoo?e a
Oe?a?i?, eiee oai?e ioceeaio?a-aiaoi??a yaeyee niaith ia?aaaaeii
aa??aoe?? ia oaie ia?iaeieo i?naiue /e oaioe?a aai oaioac?? c iiioey?ieo
iaeiae?e ?oae?enueeeo iia?, Eenaiei aoa ia?oei eiiiiceoi?ii, yeee
iinoaaea ca iaoo noai?eoe ni?aaaei?e iaoe?iiaeueiee eiioea?oiee
?aia?ooa? aenieiai ooaeiaeiueiai oa i?ioan?eiiai ??aiy. I?aaio/e
“aeaanoe oe?a?inueeo iaoe?iiaeuei?noue c oooi?yinueei? ianoaiiae ia
oe?ieee ?a?iiaenueeee oeyo”1 ? ia iath/e ia a?o/eciyiiio a?oio? nai?o
iiia?aaeiee?a, Eenaiei na?aeiii i???iooaaany ia e?au? aeinyaiaiiy
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeiai oi?oai?aiiiai ienoaoeoaa.
1 Eenaiei I.A. Eenoe.-E.:Ienoaoeoai,1964.-N.374.
I?ioa aeuith iaoith aeey oe?a?inueeiai eiiiiceoi?a aoei ona?aeiieaiiy ?
ao?eaiiy o oai?/ino? iaoe?iiaeueii? nai???aeiino? ? naiiaooiino? naiai
ia?iaeo. Aeani? oai?/? i?eioeeie Eenaiei noi?ioethaaa a iaeiiio c
eeno?a, iaienaiiio a 1907 ?ioe?: “Aeey oiai, uia e?aua ioe?ithaaoe
naith, o?aaa aeia?a … co/eoe caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeo ioceeo a
??ciiiai?oieo ?? iai?yiao – eeane/iiio, ?iiaioe/iiio, aeeaeoe/iiio,
?aaeueii-ia?iaeiiio. Ana oea aeia?a ?iceooooaaoe, aea/eoe oa e aeiieanoe
e aei naiai; eeoa oiae?, – ye aaaaeaa Eenaiei, – c?icoi??o iaei?ie naiai
aaeocy iae caaaeueiiai ei?aiy ? anth e?ano i?ea?iaeueio oiiaeiaa?o”2.
2 Eenaiei I.A. Eenoe.-E.:Ienoaoeoai,1964.-N.460.
Oi?oai?aii? oai?e, a?eueo?noue c yeeo aoee iaienai? eiiiiceoi?ii ia
?aiiueiio aoai?, noaee aeey iueiai ni?aaaeiueith eaai?aoi???th, iiooeii
aeaniiai noeeth. Naia ooo Eenaiei “i?ioiaeea iiia?aaeo an? oeiee”,
a?aeae?ath/e ? iiaiiaoth/e o? aeai?e, ia?acii-aiioe?eiee ci?no yeeo
iaee?aua ao?ethaaa ae ?ene iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o. sse cacia/athoue
aeine?aeieee, aeooa oe?a?ioey ae??ciy?oueny “ei?aeioeaio?e/-i?noth”,
“cina?aaeaeaiiyi aeiaeiea na?oey”1, a oaeiae aaeeeith ?aoeaeneai?noth,
oiaoi ni?eeiaiiyi ae?eniino? e??cue i?ecio aeanieo ia?aaeeaaiue, ui
ca?aa?oueny c iciaeaie ?iiaioe/iiai na?oini?eeiyooy.
1 Eoeue/eoeueeee I. Na?oia?ae/oaaiiy oe?a?ioey//Oe?a?inueea aeooa.-E.:II
Oai?en,1992.-N.57.
Naia oiio o oi?oai?aiieo oai?ao Eenaiea c aaeeeith neeith icaaeanue ae?y
oeo iiaooi?o ?iioeuen?a, ye? aeaee ioce/iiio ienoaoeoao
cao?aeii?a?iiaenuee? ?iiaioeee.
Oi?oai?aiia oai?/?noue Eenaiea ?ai?acaioo? i?ciuei?iiaioe/i?
oaiaeaioe??, aea o iaaieo ?enao oaeiae aeyaey? iino?iiaioe/io
ni?yiiaai?noue c ?? eeaneoeenoe/ieie oa aa?i/ieie aethc?yie. A ?iaio?
cacia/a?oueny, ui caa?oaiiy aei “eeane/iiai ieioeiai” o Eenaiea
i?eioeeiiai a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae aiaeia?/ieo iniaeeainoae ioceee
O.Ooaa?oa aai O.Iaiaeaeueniia. sseui aeey ?aii?o ?iiaioee?a eeaneoeeci
aeyaeyany o oae caaieo “?oaeeiaioieo caeeoeao” ? ni?eeiaany ia ye uinue
noi?iii?, a nai?, aeania, oi aeey Eenaiea oea aoea aaea ?noi??y. ?ioa?an
aei noa?iaeiieo aeai??a o eiai oi?oai?aiieo oai?ao noa? i?iyaii aaaeaiiy
?icoe?eoe nea?oeicio noeo?th, a ye?e eiiiiceoi? ?ice?eaa? oae? ?ene
oe?a?inueeiai oa?aeoa?o, ye ia?iaeiee aoii?, aanaea aaea/a oa iioei?ci.
Iniaeeao oaaao o oi?oai?aii?e oai?/ino? Eenaiea i?eaa?oa? cia/ia
e?euee?noue oa?aeoa?enoe/ieo i’?n, naiino?eieo, ooaeiaeiuei caaa?oaieo
Ane?c?a (iai?eeeaae, i?. 20, 40, 41), a oaeiae i’youe Ane?c?a aac
iicia/aiiy iiono. Oaea caaino?aii o?aaiaioa?ia ooaeiaei? aa/aiiy aa?a
nai? ei??iiy o ooiai?anueeiio na?oiaeyae?. Aea o caaaeueiiio eiioaeno?
eiiiiceoi?nueei? oai?/ino? Eenaiea, yeee ana aeeooy i?aoethaaa ia iea?
?icaoaeiae oe?a?inueeiai ioce/iiai oaao?o, oe? oai?e ni?eeiathoueny ye
“aothaee” aei oyaieo oaao?aeueii-noeai?/ieo ?ia?o aai ye oi?oai?aii?
o?aine?eioe?? ia?nioth/eo iia?ieo iiiieia?a, ainaiae?a, oi??a oiui.
Oi?oai?aiia e??eea Eenaiea aeyaey? iaaio nii??aeiai?noue c ioce/iei
na?oii ?aiiueiai ?iiaioecio. C O.Iaiaeaeueniiii oe?a?inueeiai
eiiiiceoi?a ?aeia? iniaeeai i?ina?oeee, aiioe?eii a??aiiaaaeaiee oii
ioce/iiai aeneiao. A a?ae O.Ooaa?oa aa?ooue nai? iioiaeaeaiiy o Eenaiea
i?eioeeie oi?iiooai?aiiy: ia?aaaaa i?naiii-ia??iaee/ieo no?oeoo? a
?ioiiaoe?eieo i?ioeanao, aa??aoe?ei?noue oaiaoecio, ia?acia
o?ainoi?iaoe?y ioce/iiai iaoa??aeo, noaoe/i?noue eiiiiceoe??, iayai?noue
a i?e niiaeyaeaeueiino?, “iieniaino?”. Ia ?iiaioe/i? eiiiiceoe?ei?
i?eioeeie, cie?aia, ia ooaa?o?anueeee aeina?ae nie?a?oueny Eenaiei ? a
iiaoaeia? aaeeei? oi?ie. I?i oea na?ae/eoue eiiiiceoe?eia no?oeoo?a
Niiaoe (i?.16), “Ai?/iiai o?aaiaioo” (i?. 20), ?iiaei (i?. 23),
“Aa?i?/iiai nea?oei” (i?. 25) oiui.
I?ioa noa?aiii aea/ath/e ? canaithth/e o?aaeeoe?? i?iaoeueei?
eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee, c yeith eiiiiceoi? aeia?a iciaeiieany i?ae /an
iaa/aiiy o Eaeioeeao, nai Eenaiei aeciaaaa, ui ana-oaee aiia “/oaea”
oe?a?inuee?e iaioaeueiino?.1
1 Eenaiei I.A. Eenoe.-E.:Ienoaoeoai,1964.-N.155.
Iaea?eueo aeecueeith ? i?eaaaeeaith aoea aeey iueiai ioca ia?oiai
neia’yinueeiai eiiiiceoi?a, aai?aeueiiai “iieyea-ia?iaeieea” O?eaea??ea
Oiiaia. Niaaeei?ii? ca’ycee c oiiai?anueeeie o?aaeeoe?yie aeyaeeenue o
oai?/ino? Eenaiea ianaiia?aae o caa?oaii? aei oeo aeai??a, ye? ciaeoee
iaee?aua ao?eaiiy naia o oai?ao iieuenueeiai eiiiiceoi?a. Eenaiei
aeeaiei ona?aeiieth? ? canaith? ia o?eueee ?o ?iiaioe/io ia?aci?noue,
aea e iaai? ?ioiiaoe?ei?, aa?iii?ei?, oaeoo?i? iiaeae? oiiai?anueeiai
iioiaeaeaiiy. A?ae Oiiaia a?i oaeiae i?a oniaaeeoaaoe oyae?iiy aei
iai?ia?aiii? i?i?aoth?e, i??i?eoao aieaeueii-i?naiiiai ?ioiioaaiiy.
I?ioa, aeei?enoiaoth/e ie?ai? oiiai?anuee? “eaenaie”, Eenaiei i?aaia ?o
?noioii ia?ainieneeoe, iinoaaeoe ia neoaeao nai?e ooaeiaei?e iao?. Ia
aaeath/enue aei i?inoiai eii?thaaiiy aaeeeeo c?ace?a, a?i noai?ea
/oaeia? iiaoe/i? oai?e, a yeeo a?aeaeeanue aeooa oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo.
Aeaoaeueii aiae?coth/e aeni?iioe, eiioea?oi? iieiiace, “Aa?i?/ia
nea?oei”, iaco?ee, eiioea?oi? aaeuene oa iieoth?ie Eenaiea, aaoi? aeaii?
?iaioe aeyaey? ye oniaaeeoaaiiy oiiai?anueeeo o?aaeeoe?e, oae ?
iaoe?iiaeueio nai???aei?noue oi?oai?aiieo oai??a iniiaiiieiaeieea
a?o/eciyii? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee.
O aeniiaeao aeathoueny ocaaaeueiaiiy oa i?aenoiee i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ie?aneththoueny ia?niaeoeae iiaeaeueoiai aea/aiiy
cacia/aii? i?iaeaie.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:
1. I.Eenaiei oa ioceea O.Oiiaia //Oe?a?inueea ioce/ia eoeueoo?a OO
noie?ooy:iiooee, caeiaooee, ia?niaeoeae: Ca??ea iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. –Noie,
1996.- N.70-87.
2. Ioca ?iiaioecio //Ioceea.-1996.-?5.– N.20-22.
3. Ia?ao?auoaaiiy aeaio eoeueoo? // Cae?iay eaiia.-1997.–?2.-N.34-36.
4. “Oe? iac??aiyii? iieuenuee? ae?iee…” //I?iaeaie ?noi??? ioceee: a?ae
aa?iei aei nueiaiaeaiiy. – AEeoiie?: Aieeiue, 1998. – N.63-67.
5. Eenaiei o eie? oeiiiiai?a //Cae?iay eaiia.-1999.-?1-2.-N.46-48.
6. ?ene aei ii?o?aoo Ieueae Aioii?aie Eenaiei //Cae?iay
eaiia.-1999.-?1-2.-N.49.
Noe?i ?eiia Aiaoie??aia. I.EENAIEI ? O.OIIAI O EIIOAENO?
OE?A?INUeEI-IIEUeNUeEEO EOEUeOO?IEO CA’ssCE?A. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 17.00.01 – Oai??y oa ?noi??y
eoeueoo?e. Iaoe?iiaeueia ioce/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie ?i.
I.?.*aeeianueeiai. – Ee?a, 1999.
A onueiio ?icia?oo? aniaeo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?
ooiaeaoi?a oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee I.A.Eenaiea i?iaeaie eiai
eiioaeo?a c iieuenueeith eoeueoo?ith ia ciaeoee iaeaaeiiai aena?oeaiiy.
Aeena?oaoe?y ?icoe?th? oyaeaiiy i?i cia/aiiy oai?/ino? O.Oiiaia o
oi?ioaaii? anoaoe/ieo iiaeyae?a I.Eenaiea, o noaiiaeaii? eiai ye
eiiiiceoi?a, i?ai?noa ? iaaeaaiaa. A iaeyae? iaa/aeueiiai, eiioea?oiiai
? iaaeaaia?/iiai ?aia?ooa?o Eenaiea aena?oeth?oueny cia/ia i?noea
oi?oai?aiieo oai??a iieuenueeiai eiiiiceoi?a. Ia i?aenoaa? /eneaiieo
aeieoiaioaeueieo na?aeioeoa (ia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiue, a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a,
niiaaae?a no/aniee?a, eeno?a I.Eenaiea) ?ice?eaathoueny aeaye?
iniaeeaino? eiai ni?eeiyooy oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oiiai?anueeeo oai??a. E??i
oiai, i?inoaaeo?oueny aeeiai?ea ooieoe?iioaaiiy ioceee O.Oiiaia a
oe?a?inuee?e eoeueoo?? aeieenaie?anueeiai ia??iaeo. Ia iaoa??ae? aiae?co
oi?oai?aiieo oai??a I.Eenaiea aeyaeythoueny niaaeei?ii? ca’ycee eiai
eiiiiceoi?nueeiai noeeth c o?aaeeoe?yie oiiai?anueeiai ?iiaioecio.
Cacia/ai? ieoaiiy ?icaeyaeathoueny ye a aniaeo? ?icaeoeo iniiaieo
oaiaeaioe?e ioce/iiai ienoaoeoaa oiai /ano, oae ? a oe?ieiio
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/iiio oa ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiio eiioaeno?
i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo noinoie?a, ui neeaeenue i?ae Oe?a?iith ? Iieueuath o
O?O noie?oo?. A iaeyae? oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeeo aca?iica’yce?a a?eueo
aeaoaeueii aena?oeththoueny i?iaeaie iieuenueeeo eiioaeo?a I.A.Eenaiea,
a oaeiae oe?a?inueeeo ?ai?i?noeaioe?e o oai?/ino? O.Oiiaia. I?ioeane
aca?iiae?? aeaio iaoe?iiaeueieo eoeueoo? aea/athoueny aaoi?ii aeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy c iiceoe?e iia?oi?o /e ?ai?oa ia iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue
?noi?ee?a, eoeueoo?ieia?a, e?oa?aoo?iciaaoe?a.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?aeiaoe?iiaeuei? ca’ycee, Oe?a?ia, Iieueua, ioce/ia
eoeueoo?a, oi?oai?aiia oai?/?noue, aeeiiaanoai, ioce/ia ina?oa.
Noeei ?eiia Aiaoieueaaia. I.EUNAIEI E O.OIIAI A EIIOAENOA
OE?AEINEI-IIEUeNEEO EOEUeOO?IUO NAssCAE. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa eneonnoaiaaaeaiey
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 17.00.01 – Oai?ey e enoi?ey eoeueoo?u. Iaoeeiiaeueiay
iocueaeueiay aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu ei. I.E.*aeeianeiai. – Eeaa, 1999.
Ai anai iiiaiia?acee aniaeoia eco/aiey oai?/anoaa e aeayoaeueiinoe
ooiaeaoi?a oe?aeineie eiiiiceoi?neie oeieu I.A.Eunaiei i?iaeaiu aai
oaniuo eiioaeoia n iieueneie eoeueoo?ie aei neo ii? ia iaoee aeieaeiiai
inaauaiey a iocueiaaae/aneie eeoa?aoo?a. A aeaiiie aeena?oaoeee aia?aua
enneaaeoaony ?ieue e cia/aiea oai?/anoaa aaieaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaey
iieueneie iaoeee, ia?aiai neaayineiai eiiiiceoi?a O.Oiiaia a noaiiaeaiee
eiiiiceoi?neiai noeey e ieaiecia I.Eunaiei, a oi?ie?iaaiee aai
ynoaoe/aneeo acaeyaeia e iaaeaaiae/aneeo i?eioeeiia. N yoie oeaeueth
auyaeyaony cia/eoaeueiia ianoi oiiaiianeeo i?iecaaaeaiee a o/aaiii,
eiioea?oiii e iaaeaaiae/aneii ?aia?ooa?a oe?aeineiai iocueaioa. Ia
iniiaaiee iiiai/eneaiiuo aeieoiaioaeueiuo naeaeaoaeuenoa (ia?eiaee/aneeo
ecaeaiee, a?oeaiuo iaoa?eaeia, ainiiieiaiee nia?aiaiieeia, ienai
I.Eunaiei) i?ineaaeeaathony ?acee/iua yoaiu inaiaiey ei ni/eiaiee
O.Oiiaia, a oaeaea ?ane?uaathony iaeioi?ua iniaaiiinoe eo aini?eyoey e
eioa?i?aoaoeee. E?iia oiai ia iaoa?eaea aiaeeca oi?oaieaiiuo
i?iecaaaeaiee I.Eunaiei aia?aua enneaaeothony i?aainoaaiiua nayce aai
eiiiiceoi?neiai noeey n oiiaiianeeie o?aaeeoeeyie, eioi?ua
?anniao?eaathony a oe?ieii eiioaenoa n o?aaeeoeeyie caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo
?iiaioeeia. Aua?aiiue ?aeo?n aeaao aiciiaeiinoue y?/a auyaeoue
i?ei?eoaoioth ?ieue oai?/aneeo i?eioeeiia iieueneiai eiiiiceoi?a, n
eioi?ui Eunaiei naeeaeatho iauea neaayineea ei?ie. A oi aea a?aiy a
oaeii niiinoaaeaiee aeoaaea inicia?ony e iaoeeiiaeueiia naiaia?acea
oai?/anoaa oe?aeineiai eiiiiceoi?a.
Oeacaiiua aii?inu ?anniao?eaathony a enneaaeiaaiee eae a aniaeoa
?acaeoey iniiaiuo oaiaeaioeee iocueaeueiiai eneonnoaa, oae e a oe?ieii
nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneii e enoi?eei-eoeueoo?iii eiioaenoa
iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee a O?O aaea. A nayce n yoei aeaoaeueii
eco/athony i?ioeannu anneieeyoeee e aeeiaieea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?iecaaaeaiee O.Oiiaia a oe?aeineie iocueaeueiie eoeueoo?a a
aeieunaieianeee e eunaieianeee ia?eiaeu. Aaaaey a iao/iue iaeoiae e
nenoaiaoece?iaaa aiaaoue oaeoieiae/aneee iaoa?eae, enneaaeiaaoaeue aea?o
oai?/aneea ii?o?aou ia?auo eniieieoaeae oi?oaieaiiuo ni/eiaiee
aaieaeueiiai iieyea a Oe?aeia, auyaeyao iniaaiiinoe eo o?aeoiaee, a
oaeaea eco/aao i?iaeaiu aini?eyoey oiiaiianeie iocuee oe?aeineeie
neooaoaeyie. E?iia oiai, iie?aynue ia iiaaeoea eee ?aiaa ia
ioaeeeiaaaoeany ?aaiou enoi?eeia, eoeueoo?ieiaia e eeoa?aoo?iaaaeia,
aaoi? aeaeaao oe?ieee iaci? oe?aeinei-iieueneeo eoeueoo?iuo naycae ia
i?ioyaeaiee anaai O?O noieaoey eae enoi?e/aneee oii aeayoaeueiinoe
O.Oiiaia (20-40-a aa.) e I.Eunaiei (aoi?ay iieiaeia aaea). ?ane?uaaaony
enoi?eei-eoeueoo?iay neooaoeey, neiaeeaoayny a Iieueoa e Oe?aeia a
oeacaiiua ia?eiaeu. Auyaeyaony aeeiaieea ?acaeoey acaeiiioiioaiee
iaaeaeo aeaoiy ninaaeieie neaayineeie ia?iaeaie, eiathueie iiiaiaaeiaoth
iauoth enoi?eth, aiaeece?oaony neiaeiue i?ioeann acaeiiaeaenoaey eo
eoeueoo?. Iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeaii iieueneei eiioaeoai I.Eunaiei,
eioi?ua eco/athony aia?aua. Ia iniiaaiee ienai eiiiiceoi?a e
ainiiieiaiee nia?aiaiieeia auyaeyaony yaiethoeey ioiioaiey I.Eunaiei e
inaiaiaeeoaeueiiio aeaeaeaieth iieyeia, e eoeueoo?a Iieueoe e a oeaeii e
ino?iio a oa aiaeu “iieueneiio aii?ino”, /oi eiaei aeoaieea ei?ie a
i?ioeai?a/eauo ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo aeaoiy ia?iaeaie.
Aeenna?oaoeey inaauaao iaeio ec y?eeo no?aieoe a enoi?ee
iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo eoeueoo?iuo naycae Oe?aeiu. Eceiaeaiiue a ?aaioa
iaoa?eae iiaeao auoue eniieueciaai ai iiiaeo oeieueiuo, o/eeeuiuo e
aocianeeo eo?nao: ii enoi?ee ie?iaie eoeueoo?u, enoi?ee ca?oaaaeiie e
oe?aeineie iocuee, enoi?ee oi?oaieaiiiai eneonnoaa e eioa?i?aoaoeee
iocueaeueiuo i?iecaaaeaiee, enoi?ee Oe?aeiu e eoeueoo?ieiaee. E?iia
oiai, enneaaeiaaiea iiaeao aucaaoue eioa?an eae eiioea?oe?othueo
ieaienoia, oae e iaaeaaiaia-i?aeoeeia, a oaeaea noaoue iniiaie aeey
aeaeueiaeoeo nioeeieoeueoo?iuo ?ac?aaioie.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiua nayce, Oe?aeia, Iieueoa,
iocueaeueiay eoeueoo?a, oi?oaieaiiia oai?/anoai, eniieieoaeuenoai,
iocueaeueiia ia?aciaaiea.
Sulim Rimma Anatolievna. N.LYSENKO AND F.SHOPIN IN A CONTEXT OF
UKRAINIAN-POLISH CULTURAL CONNECTIONS. – Manuscript.
The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate
of art criticism on a speciality 17.00.01 – Theory and history of
culture. National Musical Academy of Ukraine named after
P.I.Tchaikovsky. – Kiev, 1999.
In all variety of aspects of study of creativity and activity of the
founder of Ukrainian school of composition N.V.Lysenko problems of his
contacts with Polish culture have not found due illumination. The
offered research expands representation about importance of creative
work of F.Shopin in formation of aesthetic sights of N.Lysenko, in his
formation as composer, piano player and teacher. In the survey of his
educational, concert and pedagogical repertoir the significant place of
piano works of the Polish composer comes to light. On the basis of the
numerous documentary certificates (periodic editions, archival
documents, memoirs of the contemporaries, letters of the composer) some
peculiarities of his perception and interpretation of Shopin’s
compositions are opened. Besides, dynamics of functioning of F.Shopins
music in Ukrainian culture of pre-Lysenko period is traced. On a
material of the analysis of piano works by N.Lysenko the complicated
parity of his composer style with traditions of Western European
romanticists and in particular with creativity of F.Shopin is studied.
The specified questions are considered as in aspect of development of
the basic tendencies of musical art and in a wide social, political,
historical and cultural context of the international relations in the
XIXth century. In the review of Ukrainian-Polish interrelations special
attention is given to Polish contacts of N.V.Lysenko and also Ukrainian
reminiscences in F.Shopin’s creativity. Processes of interaction of
national cultures are studied by the author of the given research from
positions of approaches existing in comparativistics in utilization of
the newest or earlier not publiched works by historians, culturologists,
literary critics.
The key-words: international connections, Ukraine, Polsha, musical
culture, play work, musical education.
I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 28.04.99 ?. Oi?iao 60o90/16.
Oi. ae?oe. a?e. 1,0. Iae.-aeae. a?e. 1,0.
Oe?aae 100. Cai. 201.
“??cioeaio?” NoiAeO.
244007, i.Noie, aoe. ?einueeiai-Ei?naeiaa, 2.
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