.

Макроекономічний аналіз аграрних теорій ділових циклів: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук / І.В. Грабинська, Львів. нац. ун-т ім. І.Франка. — Л., 1999.

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Euea?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea

A?aaeinueea

??eia Aieiaeeie??aia

OAeE 330.101.541: 338.12

Iae?iaeiiii?/iee aiae?c

aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.01.01 – aeiiii?/ia oai??y

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Euea?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o Euea?anueeiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio oi?aa?neoao?

?iai? ?aaia O?aiea I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ?
oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie, i?ioani? Ceoiei Noaiai Ieeieaeiae/, Euea?anueeee
iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aaaeae TH??e
Ieeieaeiae/, Iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao “Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueea
Aeaaeai?y”, ea??aiee aeaia?oaiaioo;

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Oii?oei ?aai ?aaiiae/,
Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, aeioeaio.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Oa?e?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai?
A.I.Ea?ac?ia I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a aeiiii?/ii? oai???,
i.Oa?e?a.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ( 29 ( ethoiai 2000 ?. i 15.30 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 35.051.01 Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea (79008, Euea?a-8, i?ini.Naiaiaee, 18).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o Iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea (79005,
i.Euea?a-5, aoe.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 5).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ( 28 ( n?/iy 2000 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee IAI*EOEI N.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. On? aea?aeaae ? a on? /ane iaiaaathoueny
caaacia/eoe aeiiii?/ia c?inoaiiy ? aeinyaoe iae?iaeiiii?/ii?
noaa?eueiino?. I?ioa ia caaaae? oeueiio noathoue eieeaaiiy ae?eiai?
aeoeaiino?, ye?, ca aeneiaii I.Ooaaia-Aa?aiianueeiai, “… caeaaeaoue ia
eeoa a?ae aeiaaeeiaeo i?e/ei, aeanoeaeo iaaiiio ?noi?e/iiio iiiaioo, a e
a?ae iino?eii ae?th/eo, caaaeueieo i?e/ei, aeanoeaeo no/aniiio
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiio eaaeo”. ?icaeyaeo i?e/ei oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue,
aiae?co ?o oai?aoe/iiai iiyniaiiy ??cieie aeiiii?/ieie oeieaie
i?enay/aia oea aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy.

?eieiaa o?ainoi?iaoe?y aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie Oe?a?ie ia’?eoeaii oi?io?
ia?aaeoiiae eieeaaiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?. Oea yaeua i?inoaaeo?oueny c
ia?oi? /aa?o? XIX no., ? c oeueiai /ano aeiiii?noe iaiaaathoueny eiai
iiynieoe. Na?aae aeine?aeiee?a eieeaaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o XIX no.
aoee AE.A.Nae, Ae.??ea?aei, Aeae.A?euenii, A.Aaaeaeaio, O.N.Aeaeaaiin,
E.Ia?en, E.AEoaea?, AE.aea N?niiiae?, E.?iaeaa?oon, O.Iaeueoon,
Aeae.I?eue, ?.Aeth??i? oa ?io?.

Iai?ee?ioe? XIX no. oai??th eieeaaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? ?icaeaaa
I.?.Ooaai-Aa?aiianueeee, o OO no. – ?.Neooeueeee, A.Oi?o?ioo,
Aeae.Eaein, E.Ooiiaoa?, I.Eiiae?aoue?a, ?.O?oa?, Aeae.Eea?e, A.I??o,
?.Yioo??, O. oii Aae?e, A.E?iaeaeue, Aeae.?iaa?onii oa ?io?.

E?eoe/iiio aiae?co oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a i?enay/ai? ?iaioe
TH.Aaaeaea, A.Aaeue/einueeiai, N.Ceoiea, A.Ee?i?ii?, E.Oaaaea, O.Eeaeia,
A.Aiaia, O.Aiea oa ?i.

Cia/ia i?noea na?aae oai??e oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue caeiathoue aa?a?i?
oai???. Iaeiii?oi?oei aeine?aeieeii oe??? i?iaeaie aoa A.Oeiioaiei. Oeth
oai??th ?icaeaaee oaeiae N.I??aooei, A.Ia?niin, E.A?i oa ?io?. Cieaeaiiy
/anoee i?iaeoeoe?? n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa o aaeiaiio aioo??oiueiio
i?iaeoeo? (AAI) ?icaeiaieo e?a?i aeaui ciaioeei iaoeiaee ?ioa?an aei
oe??? i?iaeaie o oeeo e?a?iao. O oie aea /an aeey Oe?a?ie, aea o
n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? caeiyoi iiiaae 22% ianaeaiiy ? noai?th?oueny
a?eueoa /aa?o? AAI, i?iaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aa?a?iiai naeoi?a ye
aeaea?aea eieeaaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? oa aeyaeaiiy iiaeeeaeo aaaeae?a
aeey iii’yeoaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a oeeo eieeaaiue aeey
naiiai oeueiai naeoi?a caeeoa?oueny aeooaeueiith. Ona oea iaoiiaeei
aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaa?oiooaaiiy ?? iaoe,
oe?eae, caaaeaiue, a oaeiae eia?eo aeeeaaeaiiy iaoa??aeo.

Oai?aoe/iith oa iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy noaee aeiiii?/i? caeiie, iaoeia? oai???, eiioeaioe??,
i?eioeeie, ?ic?iaeai? i?aaenoaaieeaie ??cieo iaoeiaeo oe?e noiniaii
i?iaeai eieeaaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? a aa?a?iiio naeoi?? oa ?? aieeao
ia caaaeueio ae?eiao aeoeai?noue. A ?iaio? aeei?enoai? caaaeueiiiaoeia?
oa niaoe?aeuei? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy: oaeoi?iee, nenoaiiee,
ii??aiyeueiee oa noaoenoe/iee aiae?c, ?noi?e/iee iaoiae, iaoiaee
ni?anoaaeaiue oa a?oioaaiue.

Noaoenoe/iith oa ?ioi?iaoe?eiith aacith aeena?oaoe?? noaee io?oe?ei?
iaoa??aee I?i?noa?noaa noaoenoeee Oe?a?ie, noaoenoe/i? aeai? oa iaeyaee
I?aeia?iaeiiai oeaio?o ia?niaeoeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue, Na?oiaiai aaieo,
Iaoe?iiaeueiiai ath?i aeiiii?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue NOA, i?aoe?
oe?a?inueeeo oa ca?oa?aeieo aeiiii?no?a, ia??iaeeea.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? neeaaeiaith /anoeiith eiiieaenii?
iaoeiai? i?ia?aie, ui ?ic?iaey?oueny iaoeiaoeyie aeiiii?/iiai
oaeoeueoaoo Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia
O?aiea “?ic?iaea iaoai?cio noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo i?eaaoeciaaieo
iaeicaiaeueieo i?aei?e?inoa aa?a?iiai naeoi?o AIE” (? Ae? 0197V017010),
yea aeeth/aia a eii?aeeiaoe?eiee ieai I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie ?68
“Aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie ?icaoaeiae aea?aeaaiino? Oe?a?ie: aaaeae? oa
noeioee ?icaeoeo ainiiaea?/eo nenoai”.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaii? aeena?oaoe?? ? aa?a?i? oai??? ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy – aa?a?iee naeoi? iaoe?iiaeueii?
aeiiii?ee.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ? aiae?c oai?aoe/ieo iiyniaiue i?e/ei
iae?iaeiiii?/ii? ianoaa?eueiino? a aa?a?iiio naeoi??.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe o aeena?oaoe?? iinoaaeaii oae? caaaeaiiy:

– i?iaiae?coaaoe iayai? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? i?aeoiaee aei aea/aiiy
aeaea?ae aeiiii?/ii? ianoaa?eueiino?;

– i?inoaaeeoe aaiethoe?th iiaeyae?a ia aa?a?i? oai??? eieeaaiue
ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? i?aaenoaaiee?a ??ciiiai?oieo oe?e oa iai?yi?a
na?oiai? aeiiii?/ii? aeoiee oa cai?iiiioaaoe ?o eeaneo?eaoe?th;

– ?icaeyiooe n?euenueea ainiiaea?noai ye iaeia ?c aeaea?ae, ui aaia?o?
?iioeuene oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue oa ci?ie noaio caaaeueii? ae?eiai?
aeoeaiino?;

– aecia/eoe iiaeeea?noue oa iaiao?aei?noue ?icaeyaeo i?iaeai eieeaaiue
ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? Oe?a?ie;

– i?inoaaeeoe aeeiai?eo ianya?a a?o/eciyiiai n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa o eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeai?e nenoai?;

– ioe?ieoe aieeae aa?a?ieo eieeaaiue ia caaaeueio ae?eiao aeoeai?noue a
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie;

– cai?iiiioaaoe i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? oa i?iiiceoe?? uiaei
iii’yeoaiiy iaaaoeaieo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a oeeee?/iino? o
n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aiane?aeie i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee io?eiai? ianooii? iia? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai?
?acoeueoaoe, ye? noaiiaeyoue iniaenoee caeiaooie aeena?oaioa ?
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:

– aia?oa ia ??ai? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?inoaaeaii aieea
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue ia iae?iaeiiii?/io noaa?euei?noue a
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie;

– i?iaaaeaii eiiieaeniee aiae?c aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a oa
?iciaaeiaaii oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a oa aa?a?i? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a;

– cai?iiiiiaaii iia? e?eoa??? eeaneo?eaoe?? aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a;

– iaa?oioiaaii iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy (?iaeaeno Oeiioaiea( aeey
i?iaiicoaaiiy ci?i caaaeueii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o ia?ao?aei?e
aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie ? oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aioeoeeee?/ii? iie?oeee;

– aeyaeaii iniiai? ia?aiao?e i?eaeaoii? aeey Oe?a?ie aa?a?ii? iie?oeee,
ui noai?th? oai?aoe/io iniiao aeey ?ica’ycaiiy oe??? aaaeeeai?
iae?iaeiiii?/ii? i?iaeaie.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. I?iaeaie, aeine?aeaeai? o
aeena?oaoe?? aeioe?eueii aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?e aeeeaaeaii? eo?n?a
“Iie?oaeiiii??”, “Iae?iaeiiii?ee”, “I?e?iaeiiii?ee”, “?noi???
aeiiii?/ieo a/aiue” oa “Aeiiii?/ii? aeoiee Oe?a?ie”.

Aeniiaee oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, c?iaeai? aeena?oaioii, iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? aeueie i?aaiaie aea?aeaaii? aeaaee oa oi?aae?iiy o i?ioean?
oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aioeoeeee?/ii? iie?oeee.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa aeniiaee
aeena?oaoe?? aeiiia?aeaeenue aaoi?ii ia I?aeia?iaeiiio e?oiueiio
aeiiii?/iiio naiano?? “?ioa?aei” (O?oneaaaoeue, 1996), I?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Noaiiaeaiiy o?iainiai? nenoaie Oe?a?ie
oa i?iaeaie ?? noaa?e?caoe??” (Euea?a, 1999), I?aeia?iaei?e
ani??aionueei-nooaeaionuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “?a?iia ia ii?ic?
o?aoueiai oeny/ie?ooy” (Euea?a, 1999), I?aea?aeii/iio iaoeiaiio
neiiic?oi? “Aeiiii?/ia oai??y a XX noie?oo?: ?noi??y ? oaiaeaioe??
?icaeoeo ia ceai? aiio” (Ee?a, 1997), iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeiiii?ea
Oe?a?ie: ieioea, no/ania, iaeaooi?”, ui a?aeaoeany a ?aieao Ainueii?
iaoeiai? nan?? IOO (Euea?a, 1997), Anaoe?a?inuee?e
nooaeaionueei-ani??aionuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie:
no/ani? i?iaeaie oa ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo” (Euea?a, 1997), nai?ia??
“?in?enueea o?iainiaa e?eca”, i?aai?ciaaiiio A?oe?i?nueeei ?inoeoooii oa
Oi?aa?neoaoii Aeae.Aaoeiaoiia (Aaoeiaoii, 1998), ui??/ieo ca?oieo
iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai?
?aaia O?aiea.

Ioae?eaoe??. C oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aaoi?ii
iioae?eiaaii 9 noaoae caaaeueiei ianyaii 2,75 aao.a?e., o oiio /ene? 5
noaoae o oaoiaeo iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii ia 188
noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo. E??i oeueiai a ?iaio? iiaeaii nienie
aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae (150 iaca) oa 4 aeiaeaoee. A
iniiaiiio ci?no? aeena?oaoe?? iiaeaii 4 oaaeeoe? oa 10 a?ao?e?a.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia? oaeo no?oeoo?o:

Anooi.

?icae?e 1. Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee aeine?aeaeaiiy oeeee?/ieo
eieeaaiue.

1.1. Nooue oa ?ino?oiaioa??e aeine?aeaeaiiy oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue.

1.2. I?oiaeienaeueiee oa aaoa?iaeienaeueiee aiae?c aeiiii?/ieo e?ec.

1.3. Iaieeane/ii-?inoeoooe?eiee i?aeo?ae o aeine?aeaeaii? ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a.

1.4. ?icaeoie oai??e oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue o no/ani?e aeiiii?/i?e iaooe?.

1.5. Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo 1.

?icae?e 2. Oi?ioaaiiy oa ?icaeoie aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a.

2.1. Iniiai? iai?yie aa?a?ii? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a.

2.2. I?iaeaie aeyaeaiiy oeeee?/iino? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa.

2.3. Aiae?c aieeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue ia
iae?iaeiiii?/io noaa?euei?noue.

2.4. Aieea caaaeueiiai noaio ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? ia aa?a?iee naeoi?.

2.5. Iniaeeaino? oa ia?niaeoeae ?ica’ycaiiy aa?a?ieo i?iaeai o
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie.

2.6. Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo 2.

Aeniiaee.

Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – «Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee aeine?aeaeaiiy
oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue» – ?icaeyioo? iniiai? iaoiaeieia?/i? i?aeoiaee aei
aea/aiiy eieeaaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?. Aeine?aeaeo?oueny i?ioean
ca?iaeaeaiiy oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a oa ia’?eoeai? ?noi?e/i?
ia?aaeoiiae, ui ni?eyee aeieeiaiith oaeiai iai?yieo a aeiiii?/i?e
iaooe?. Caniiaieeii oeueiai iai?yio aeciaii eeaneea na?oiai? aeiiii?/ii?
iaoee I.Ooaaia-Aa?aiianueeiai.

A i?ioean? aaiethoe?? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a aoei aeae?eaii o?e
iniiai? oeie aeiiii?/ieo eieeaaiue: (1) aeiaaio?eaae? eieeaaiiy (“aeiaa?
oaee? Eiiae?aoue?aa”); (2) oeeeee o?eaae?noth i?eaeecii aeanyoue ?ie?a
(oeeeee AEoaea?a); (3) ei?ioe? (o?e-/ioe?e ?iee) oeeeee (oeeeee
E?o/eia).

Ia’?eoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? oae caai? “oeeeee AEoaea?a”,
ye? ? iniiaieie oeeeeaie, ine?eueee iae?aeue?oi?oa a?aeia?aaeathoue
iaoai?ci ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee.

A ?iaio? ?icaeyiooi iayai? eeaneo?eaoe?? ?nioth/eo oai??e ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a. Iniiaiei e?eoa???i aeey eeaneo?eaoe?? /enaeueieo oai??e
ae?eiaeo oeeee?a aeieaein?ainueeiai ia??iaeo ? cia/aiiy, yea a oeeo
oai??yo iaaea?oueny aeciaaiiei oa aiaeiaaiiei /eiieeai ye aeaea?aeai
oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue. Iaeiae, ia iaoo aeoieo, ieceo oai??e ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a ia iiaeia iaeiicia/ii a?aeianoe aei eaoaai??? aiaeiaaiieo /e
aeciaaiieo, ine?eueee aiie a?aoiaothoue ye aeciaaii?, oae ? aiaeiaaii?
/eiieee. Aeey a?aeianaiiy o??? aai ?ioi? oai??? aei a?aeiia?aeii? a?oie
iio??aii aeyaeoe, ye? aeaiaioe oa /eiieee ? aeii?ioth/eie. E??i oiai,
/eiieee, ui i?ecaiaeyoue aei iae?iaeiiii?/ii? ianoaa?eueiino?, iiaeooue
iaoe ??cia cia/aiiy o ??cieo oai??yo.

Aei /eiiee?a aeciaaiiiai oa?aeoa?o, ye? ?iaeoeothoue iaaio
oeeee?/i?noue o iaoe?iiaeuei?e aeiiii?oe?, iaeaaeeoue ?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueea ae?iaieoeoai. Oiio aa?a?io oai??th ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a, yeo i?iaiae?ciaaii o ae?oaiio ?icae?e? ?iaioe iiaeia a?aeianoe
aei aeciaaiieo oai??e.

Aei aiaeiaaiieo oai??e aeieaein?ainueeiai ia??iaeo iiaeia a?aeianoe:

– oai??? iaaeiniiaeeaaiiy (Aeae.Aianii, A.Oinoa?, A.Eao/?i?, I.Ia?o?i,
?.A?eueoa?ae?i? oa ?i.). O iaaeao oe??? a?oie oai??e ne?ae aeae?eeoe oae
caai? “ia?ai? oai??? iaaeiniiaeeaaiiy” (N.Aeo?ean oa ?i.);

– ?iaanoeoe?ei? oai??? (iiiaoa?i? oai??? iaae?iaanooaaiiy – O. oii
Aa?e, E.A?enaeue, iaiiiaoa?i? ?iaanoeoe?ei? oai??? –
I.?.Ooaai-Aa?aiianueeee, A.Oi?o?ioo, A.Eannaeue, E.Ooiiaoa?, iiaeaeue
aenaea?aoi?a – A.Aooae?ii, Aeae. I.Eea?e, N.Eoci?oe)

– ?aii? iiiaoa?i? oai??? (?.Aeae.Yioo??, E. oii I?can, O. oii Aa?e,
E.A?enaeue);

– aeo?aoii-oe?iia? oai??? (A.I?o/ae, O.Aaaeai, AE.Eaneth?). A?aoiaioe,
iieiaeaiiy oa aeniiaee iacaaieo aeua oai??e aani?aoaaee ? ?icaeioee
no/ani? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a. Cie?aia, no/ani? iiiaoa?i? oai???
aacothoueny ia aeaiaioao oai??? ?.Aioo??. A oie aea /an iiiaoa?enoe ia
caia?a/othoue eeane/io iiaeaeue ? noaa?aeaeothoue, ui aiia iieno?
aeiiii?/i? caeaaeiino? a aeiaaino?ieiaiio ia??iae?.

Eaein?ainueea oai??y ae?eiaeo oeeee?a ? neioaoe/iith oai???th, ui
??oioo?oueny, ia iao iiaeyae, ia iniiaieo iieiaeaiiyo ?iaanoeoe?eii?
oai??? I.Ooaaia-Aa?aiianueeiai, eiioeaioe?? aenaea?aoi?a Aeae.Eea?ea,
iiiaoa?i?e oai??? ?.Yioo??, oai??? iaaeiniiaeeaaiiy O.Iaeueoona, a
oaeiae ia aeo?aoii-oe?iia?e oai??? A.I?o/aea. Ianoaa?euei?noue noeoiiiai
iiieoo o ii?aeiaii? c iaaio/eeie oe?iaie, ia aeoieo Aeae.Eaeina,
aaia?othoue ae?eia? oeeeee. No?eaeiai eaein?ainueei? oai??? ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a ? ?iaanoeoe?eia ooieoe?y, ine?eueee ?iaanoeoe?? ?
iaeianoaa?euei?oei eiiiiiaioii noeoiiiai iiieoo.

Canoinoaaiiy eaein?ainueeeo ?ino?oiaio?a a?aeaa?iaiiy aai
caeaaeaeoaaiiy aino?ioe oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue aoei nii/aoeo aeineoue
aoaeoeaiei ? caaacia/oaaei iio??aio iae?iaeiiii?/io noaa?euei?noue o
?icaeiaieo e?a?iao iaeaea aei e?ioey 1960-o ?ie?a. I?ioa, iaae?? ia oa,
ui c aeiiiiiaith ?ino?oiaioa??th iae?iaeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee iiaeia
aeinyaaoe aaaeaiiai ??aiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? ?ica?yeeny o 1970-? ?iee,
iniaeeai i?ae /an ia?oiai iaooioieo.

Oai??th ?aoe?iiaeueieo niiae?aaiue oa ?icaeoie iaieeane/ieo oai??e
ae?eiaeo oeeee?a, ia iao iiaeyae, iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye ?aaeoe?th ia
iani?iiiaei?noue eaein?ainueeeo iae?iaeiiii?/ieo ?aoeaio?a ?aaoethaaiiy
aeiiii?ee a ia?o?e iieiaei? 1970-o ?ie?a. Aaoi?e oa i?eoeeueieee oeeo
eiioeaioe?e iaiaaathoueny iiynieoe aeiiii?/i? iio?yn?iiy ? cao?aiiy ia
no?eueee i?iyaaie oeeee?/ieo caeiiii??iinoae, a aieeaii /eiiee?a
iaoeeee?/iiai oa?aeoa?o. C ii/aoeo 1980-o ?ie?a na?e ?icaeoie iaea?aeaee
iia? i?aeoiaee aei iiyniaiiy ae?eiaeo eieeaaiue, – oai??y ?aaeueieo
ae?eiaeo oeeee?a oa iaieaein?ainueea iiaeaeue ae?eiaeo oeeee?a.

I?eoeeueieee oai??? ?aaeueieo ae?eiaeo oeeee?a aei ?noi?e/ieo aeaea?ae
nai?? oai??? a?aeiinyoue ?aii? eiioeaioe?? aa?a?ii? oai??? ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a (A.N.Aeaeaaiin, A.Io?), ui aeaoaeueii ?icaeyioo? o ae?oaiio
?icae?e? aeaii? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. Iniiaia ni?eueia ?ena no/anii?
oai??? ?aaeueieo ae?eiaeo oeeee?a oa aa?a?ii? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a
iieyaa? a oiio, ui a?aeoeeaiiy oaeoe/iiai ianyao ae?iaieoeoaa a?ae eiai
i?e?iaeiiai ??aiy ia cia/i?. Eieeaaiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?, ia aeoieo
i?eoeeueiee?a oe??? oai???, ? ?acoeueoaoii ci?ie i?e?iaeiiai ca oiiae
iiai?noth aio/eeo oe?i o ei?ioeino?ieiaiio ia??iae?. Oai??th ?aaeueieo
ae?eiaeo oeeee?a a?aeiinyoue aei iaieeane/ieo, ine?eueee aiia aaco?oueny
ia i?eiouaii? eeane/ii? iiaeae? i?i aio/e?noue oe?i oa iaeo?aeuei?noue
a?ioae.

Iaieaein?ainueea oai??y ae?eiaeo oeeee?a noaa?aeaeo?, ui c ia?aa?aii
/ano i?e?iaeiee ??aaiue ianyao ae?iaieoeoaa c?inoa? iinooiiai, a
eieeaaiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? a ei?ioeino?ieiaiio ia??iae? ?
a?aeoeeaiiyi a?ae oeueiai ??aiy ae?iaieoeoaa. Oe? a?aeoeeaiiy
a?aeaoaathoueny aiane?aeie oiai, ui ca?ieaoa oa oe?ie iia?eueii
ci?iththoueny o a?aeiia?aeue ia ci?io aeiiii?/ieo oiia.

Iaieaein?aioe? ?icaeyaeathoue iiiaoa?io oa o?neaeueio iie?oeeo ye
cia?yaeaey aeinyaiaiiy iae?iaeiiii?/ii? noaa?eueiino?. Aiaeii/an
i?eoeeueieee iaieeane/ieo oai??e aaaaeathoue, ui iiaeeeaino? aea?aeaae o
oe?e noa?? ? iaiaaeaieie ? ?o ia iiaeia ia?aioe?ithaaoe. C oe??th
oai???th, oace i?aeianaiiy oa niaaeo o ae?eiaiio oeeee? ? caeiiii??iith
oa iioeiaeueiith ?aaeoe??th aeiiii?ee ia ci?ie o oaoiieia?/i?e aac?
ae?iaieoeoaa.

Oi?ioethth/e iie?oeeo o?yaeo, ni?yiiaaio ia caaacia/aiiy
iae?iaeiiii?/ii? noaa?eueiino?, ia iaoo aeoieo, iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe
iniiai? oaa?aeaeaiiy iaio oai??e.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe – «Oi?ioaaiiy oa ?icaeoie
aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a» – aeaoaeueii aiae?co?oueny aa?a?ia
oai??y ae?eiaeo oeeee?a.

?nio? iecea oai??e, ye? ia i?aenoaa? noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo aeacothoue ia
iayai?noue ca’yceo i?ae ci?iaie ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa oa eieeaaiiyie ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?. Oea ni?eyei aeieeiaiith
ie?aiiai iai?yieo a aeiiii?/i?e oai???, yeee iiynithaaa oeeeee
aeeiai?eith ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? a?aeiiee
i?ae iacaith “aa?a?ia oai??y ae?eiaeo oeeee?a”. Oey oai??y, aacia?a/ii,
iaeaaeeoue aei aeciaaiieo oai??e, ai i?e/eio eieeaaiue ae?eiai?
aeoeaiino? aaa/a? o ciai?oi?o uiaei aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie, /eiieeao.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeae?eaii o?e iai?yiee aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo oeeee?a.

I?aaenoaaieee ia?oiai iai?yieo (A.N.Aeaeaaiin, A.Aeaeaaiin, A.Io?,
E.Ya?n?y-Iaoa, O.Oaoia?) iiynithaaee ia??iaee/i? eieeaaiiy noeoiii?
ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? ia??iaee/ieie eieeaaiiyie ianya?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa, ye?, a naith /a?ao,
ni?e/eiythoueny ia?aaaaeii eieeaaiiyie a?iaeaeiino?. Ianoaa?euei?noue
a?iaeaeiino?, a naith /a?ao, coiiaeaia i?e/eiaie eini?/iiai oa?aeoa?o
(ci?ie e?eueeino? ieyi ia Niioe?, iieiaeaiiy Aaia?e a?aeiinii Caie? ?
Niioey).

I?aaenoaaieee ae?oaiai iai?yieo (I.?.Ooaai-Aa?aiianueeee,
A.I.Oeiioaiei, A.I??o, Ae.?iaa?onii, A.Oi?o?ioo, N.A.I??aooei oa ?i.)
aaaaeaee, ui eieeaaiiy ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa
ia iiaea aooe ?aeeiith ae/a?iiith i?e/eiith ae?eiaeo oeeee?a. Oe?
aeiiii?noe iaeaaeaee aei ??cieo iaoeiaeo iai?yie?a o aeine?aeaeaii?
eieeaaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?, i?ioa, iiynithth/e ae?eia? oeeeee, aiie
ia ?aii?oaaee aa?a?iee /eiiee, a ii?aeioaaee eiai c ?ioeie. Oaeee
i?aeo?ae aei aiae?co n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue ye /eiieea
oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue, ia iaoo aeoieo, ? ia’?eoeaiei oa iaiao?aeiei,
a?aoiaoth/e ?noi?e/i? oa aaia?ao?/i? iniaeeaino? eiie?aoieo
aeine?aeaeoaaieo neooaoe?e.

I?aaenoaaieee o?aoueiai iai?yieo (A.Aainai, Aeae.Eea?e, O.A.Ooeueoe)
noaa?aeaeoaaee, ui oi/a n?euenueea ainiiaea?noai ye aaeocue aacia?a/ii
i?e/aoia aei aeayeeo noeoiieo eieeaaiiyo ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?, aea
aa?a?iee /eiiee ia ? aecia/aeueiee o iiyniaii? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a. Ia
aeoieo oeeo aeiiii?no?a iae?iaeiiii?/i? oiiae ? eeth/iaeie aecia/ieeaie
noaiiaeua a naiiio aa?a?iiio naeoi??. Iae?iaeiiii?/ia na?aaeiaeua
ni?aaae? aaeeeith aecia/a? noai ni?aa a aa?a?iiio naeoi?? aeiiii?ee.
I?ioa, ia iao iiaeyae, iio??aii a?aoiaoaaoe ? aieea eieeaaiue ianya?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa ia naia iae?ina?aaeiaeua ?
ae?eiao aeoeai?noue.

Aeae?eai? o?e iai?yiee aa?a?ii? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a ia
aca?iiaeeeth/athoue, a ii/anoe aca?iiaeiiiaiththoue iaeia iaeio.
Aeeneon?y oi/eoueny iaaeiei ieoaiiy, /e iiaeia ia/eneeoe e?euee?ni?
iieacieee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue oa ?o aieeao ia iniiai?
iaoe?iiaeuei? ?aooiee.

Aeiiii?noe i?eae?eyee cia/io oaaao ?ic?iaeaiith iaoiae?a aeyaeaiiy
oeeee?/iino? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa. aeine?aeaeaiiy
iaoiae?a aeyaeaiiy oeeee?/iino? o n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio
ae?iaieoeoa?. Iayai? oeeeee o oaa?eiieoeoa? ia?aaaaeii aaaaeaee /enoi
oaoi?/ieie, ye? ?noioii ia aieeaathoue ia eieeaaiiy ianya?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Iaeaaaeeea?oei aeaea?aaeii
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue, ia aeoieo aaaaoueio aeiiii?no?a, ?
oeeee?/i? ci?ie a?iaeaeiino?. A?oioiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue cae?eniea oe?a?inueeee aeiiii?no
A.Oeiioaiei, yeee aeyaea ?aaoey?i?noue oeeee?a a?iaeaeiino?. Na?aaeiy
o?eaae?noue aa?ieoeueoo?ieo oeeee?a, ca eiai ia/eneaiiyie, eieeaa?oueny
a?ae i’yoe aei ainueie ?ie?a. Ine?eueee oe?ie ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th ? aeineoue aio/eeie ? a iniiaiiio
caeaaeaoue a?ae ??aiy a?iaeaeiino?, oi eieeaaiiy ianya?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? aaia?othoue a?aeiia?aei? oeeeee o
oe?iao ia oeth i?iaeoeoe?th.

A.Oeiioaiei aeia?a, ui a aiae?c? aieeao eieeaaiue o
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio ae?iaieoeoa? ia ae?eia? oeeeee iniaeeaa
cia/aiiy ia? aeyaeaiiy aeeiai?ee a?iaeaeiino? iniiaieo, cie?aia ca?iiaeo
eoeueoo?. Naia aiie noaiiaeyoue iaea?eueoo /anoeo o caaaeueieo ianyaao
i?iaeoeoe?? ?ineeiieoeoaa ? a a?eueoino? ?aa?ii?a na?oo aaeiaee ca??
ca?ia ?icaeyaeathoue ye no?aoaa?/iee iieaciee. Oiio, ia aeoieo
A.Oeiioaiea, eieeaaiiy ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa
oa cia/ia iaaeanoe/i?noue iiieoo ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo
i?iaeoeoe?th (0,2-0,25), ? iniiaieie i?e/eiaie eieeaaiue ae?eiai?
aeoeaiino? o n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio ae?iaieoeoa?.

I?e/eiith iiaeaaaeaiiy oa oi?ioaaiiy iiaiai oeeeeo a iaoe?iiaeuei?e
aeiiii?oe?, ye aoei cacia/aii A.Oeiioaieii, ? /eiieee aeciaaiiiai
oa?aeoa?o, ye? ii?aeiaeeny c ?ioeie ni?eyoeeaeie oiiaaie. Oiio eieeaaiiy
a ianyaao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? aaaeeeaei /eiieeii,
ui aieeaa? ia noeoii? eieeaaiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?.

O nai?io aeine?aeaeaii? A.Oeiioaiei ae?eoia aei iecee aaaeeeaeo, ia
iaoo aeoieo, aeniiae?a. Ii-ia?oa, aeeiai?ea oe?i ia i?iaeoeoe?th
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa aieiaii aecia/a?oueny
eieeaaiiyie ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Ii-ae?oaa,
ii??aiyiiy oeeee?/iino? oe?i ia i?iaeoeoe?th n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa c ?nioth/ith oeeee?/i?noth oe?i ia i?iaeoeoe?th
i?iieneiaino?, aeaei eiio ciiao c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oa, ui oi/a
i?iieneia? oa aa?ieoeueoo?i? oeeeee ?aeooue a iaeiiio ? oiio naiiio
iai?yieo, ?oiy o?eaae?noue oa aiie?ooaea ? iaiaeiaeiaeie. Ii-o?ao?,
a/aiee ?ic?aooaaa a?aeiioaiiy ?iaeaeno oe?i ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo
i?iaeoeoe?th aei ?aeaeno oe?i ia i?iieneiao i?iaeoeoe?th ca eiie?aoi?
ia??iaee /ano. Oaea a?aeiioaiiy, yea ie iacaaee “?iaeaenii Oeiioaiea”,
oaeiae aeaiiino?o? iaaio oeeee?/i?noue, oa?aeoa? yei? caeaaeeoue a?ae
iniaeeainoae cia/aiue iaio ?iaeaen?a. “?iaeaen Oeiioaiea” (TA/M(P))
?ic?aoiao?oueny ye a?aeiioaiiy ?iaeaeno n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oe?i
(At/o(P)) aei ?iaeaeno i?iieneiaeo oe?i (Mt/o(P)).. Ine?eueee aeey
iiaoaeiae ?iaeaen?a At/o(P) oa Mt/o(P) A.Oeiioaiei aeei?enoiaoaaa
oi?ioeo Iaaoa, aea ci?ia ??aiy oe?ie P a /an t ii??aith?oueny c aaciaei
ia??iaeii i ? caaaeo?oueny e?euee?noth o?ce/iiai ianyao i?iaeoeoe?? q,
oi “?iaeaen Oeiioaiea” iiaeia iiaeaoe o ianooiiiio aeaeyae?:

. (1)

Ii-/aoaa?oa, A.Oeiioaiei aaaaeaa, ui iecueea cia/aiiy oeueiai
a?aeiioaiiy aeaui ia?aaeo? aai ?ieiee ni?aiaaea? a /an? c ia??iaeii
aeiiii?/iiai iiaeaaaeaiiy. ? iaaiaee, a?aeiinii aeniea cia/aiiy aeaiiai
a?aeiioaiiy ? /anoi iciaeith oace i?aeianaiiy /e iaa?oue ianooiiiai
o?iainiaiai iai?oaeaiiy a e?ioe? oe??? oace, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
iiaeeea?noue aeiiii?/iiai niaaeo.

A aeena?oaoe?? aiae?co?oueny aieea n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue
ia noaa?euei?noue ie?aieo noa? ? naeoi??a iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.
Cie?aia, aeine?aeaeaii ?o aieea ia o? aaeoc? i?iieneiaino?, eio??
canoiniaothoue n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th ye ne?iaeio o
ae?iaieoeoa?. A oiiaao iaaecae/aeii aenieeo o?iaea?a ae?eiaa aeoeai?noue
a oeeo aaeocyo c?inoaoeia, ia aeeaey/enue ia oa, /e aeiaeaoeiaee ianya
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? aeei?enoiaoaaoeiaoueny aeey
ca?eueoaiiy aeioneo i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa, /e oey i?iaeoeoe?y inyaea
a caianao. A?aeiia?aeia c?inoaiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?
i?inoaaeoaaoeiaoueny ? ia i?aei?e?inoaao, ui caeiathoueny
o?ainii?ooaaiiyi oa caa??aaiiyi n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe??.

N?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? eieeaaiiy aieeaathoue ia aaee/eio i?iiiceoe??
i?aoe?. Oae, /a?ac cia/io iaaeanoe/i?noue iiieoo ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th, iaaecae/aeii aaeee? a?iaea?,
cae/aeii, icia/athoue aeey oa?ia??a iecuee? aeioiaee. Oea ni?ey?
ia?aeeao ?iai/i? neee c n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa o i?iieneia?noue.
Oi/a a aaaaoueio e?a?iao i?iiiceoe?y i?aoe? o n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?
caeaaeeoue oaeiae a?ae ??aiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o i?iieneiaino?.

I?iaiae?ciaaii oaeiae iiaeeeaee aieea n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
eieeaaiue ia aaeoc? i?iieneiaino?, ui ae?iaeythoue i?iaeoeoe?th
ian?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy. Aieea aenieiai a?iaeath ia
oe? aaeoc?, caeaaeaoeia a?ae ??aiy aeanoe/iino? iiieoo ia i?aaeiaoe
niiaeeaaiiy n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy. *ei iaio aeanoe/iee
oeae iiieo, oei a?eueoa eiia??i?noue oiai, ui aaaaoee a?iaeae ? ianooiia
iaae?iiy oe?i ia i?iaeiaieue/? oiaa?e ia?ai?uoaaoeia (ciaioaiiy
aeaeaoe?a niiaeeaa/?a ia oiaa?e n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy
oa ca?eueoaiiy ieoiii? aaae aeaeaoe?a ia ian?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee?
oiaa?e) a?ioiaee iiieo a?ae i?iaeoeo?a oa?/oaaiiy aei
ian?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oiaa??a. Oea a?aeiia?aeii ca?eueooaaoeia
i?iiiceoe?th ian?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oiaa??a aei ?ici???a, ye?
caeaaeaoeiooue a?ae naii? i?iiiceoe??.

Aieea aenieeo o?iaea?a, a ioaea, iecueeeo oe?i ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo ne?iaeio, ia ianya noeoiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, ia
iaoo aeoieo, ? iacia/iee, aea ni?eyoeeaee. Ia iniia? iaeiiai aenieiai
o?iaeath, eiia??ii, a?aeaoaathoueny eeoa iacia/i? ?iaanoeoe?? a
eai?oaeueia onoaoeoaaiiy. Oea iia’ycaii c oei, ui ieoiia aaaa aeo?ao ia
ne?iaeio o caaaeueieo na?aaei?o aeo?aoao ? iaaaeeeith. E??i oiai,
iecueeee ??aaiue oe?i ia ne?iaeio, ui ca?eueoo? aaee/eio a?aie/iiai
i?eaooeo oo?eioaaoeiaoueny ia aeoaea aeiaai, yeui aenieio?iaeaeiei ?
eeoa iaeei ??e. I?ioean ?iaanooaaiiy o eai?oaeueia onoaoeoaaiiy aeiaaa?
cia/ieo ianya?a /enoiai aeioiaeo oi?iaeiaae o?eaaeiai ia??iaeo /ano a
iaeaooiueiio. ?ioeie neiaaie, noeioee aei ?iaanooaaiiy ia iniia?
iecueeeo oe?i ia ne?iaeio ? iacia/ieie. Aiaeii/an eieeaaiiy aaee/eie
caian?a, ye? aeeth/athoue n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th, ?
na?aae iaeaaaeeea?oeo i?e/ei eieeaaiue o ianyaao ?iaanoeoe?e.

sseui a?iaeae ? iaaoaaei aaaaoei, oi oea ni?ey? ca?eueoaiith
?iaanoeoe?e o caiane n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? ? aaaea aei
aeiiii?/iiai i?aeianaiiy. ?iaanooaaiiy a oe? caiane o?iaino?oueny ca
?aooiie caiuaaeaeaiue ? ?icoe?th? noeoiiee iiieo.

O aeena?oaoe?? oaeiae aeine?aeaeaii aieea aa?a?ieo eieeaaiue ia
caiuaaeaeaiiy. Iaaeeeoie ?iaanoeoe?e iaae caiuaaeaeaiiyie, ni?e/eiaiee
aenieeie a?iaeayie, coiiaeth? ?icoe?aiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?, a oie /an
ye iaaeeeoie caiuaaeaeaiue iaae ?iaanoeoe?yie aeeeeea? ?? cieaeaiiy. Ca
aenieeo o?iaea?a c?inoa? a?aie/ia noeeuei?noue niiaeeaa/?a aei
caiuaaeaeaiiy /anoeie oe??? aeiaeaoeiai? eoi?aaeueii? ni?iiiaeiino?,
yeith aiie aieiae?thoue aiane?aeie cieaeaiiy oe?i ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th.

Cia/ia oaaaa a aeena?oaoe?? i?eae?eaia aieeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
oeeee?a ia noeoiiee iiieo. Eieeaaiiy oe?i, ui iaieio/a noi?iaiaeaeothoue
oeeeee a?iaeaeiino? (ca a?aenooiino? aea?aeaaiiai ao?o/aiiy),
iicia/athoueny ia eeoa ia aeo?aoao, a e ia aeioiaeao. A?ioia? aeioiaee
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ae?iaiee?a, aai ?oiy eoi?aaeueia
ni?iiiaei?noue, ye a?aeiii aaciina?aaeiuei caeaaeeoue a?ae ??aiy oe?i ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th. Aiaeia?/ii, eoi?aaeueia
ni?iiiaei?noue ian?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ianaeaiiy oaeiae caeaaeeoue
a?ae oe?i ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? oiaa?e.

Ca iaaeanoe/iiai iiieoo ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th
ia?a?iciiae?e ?aaeueieo aeioiae?a i?ae n?euenueeei oa ian?euenueeei
ianaeaiiyi, ni?e/eiaiee aenieei a?iaea?i, oa iecueeeie oe?iaie ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th, coiiaeth? iaaiee aeaoeyoe?eiee
aoaeo. Cia/aiiy oeueiai aoaeoo, ia iaoo aeoieo, caeaaeeoue a?ae ieoiii?
aaae n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai naeoi?o o no?oeoo?? iaoe?iiaeueii?
aeiiii?ee, a?ae a?aeiinii? /enaeueiino? n?euenueeiai oa ian?euenueeiai
ianaeaiiy, a?aeiinii? a?aie/ii? noeeueiino? aei niiaeeaaiiy oeeo
eaoaai??e ianaeaiiy, oace caaaeueiiai aeiiii?/iiai oeeeeo oa ?ioeo iaio
aaaeeeaeo i?e/ei. O i?iieneiai ?icaeiaieo e?a?iao, aea /anoea
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai naeoi?o a aeiiii?oe? iacia/ia, oae?
aeaoeyoe?ei? aoaeoe oaeiae i?inoaaeothoueny, aea ?oi? aieeae iaei
iii?oi?.

E??i oiai, a?aooaaiiy aenii?oo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? oa
iane?aee?a ?icoe?aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e o caiane n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
i?iaeoeoe?? aea? i?aenoaae aeey aeniiaeo, ui aenie? a?iaea? a iaaeao
ie?aii? e?a?ie iiaeooue i?ecaanoe aei cia/iiai ca?eueoaiiy eoi?aaeueii?
ni?iiiaeiino? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ianaeaiiy ? caaacia/eoe
?aaeuei? noeioee aeey c?inoaiiy aeiiii?ee a oe?eiio.

O ?aoa?iaaiiio ?icae?e? cacia/aii, ui a aiae?c? aieeao
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue ia aenii?o iio??aii iai’yoaoe, ui
na?oiaee iiieo ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th ie?aii? e?a?ie
cia/ii aeanoe/i?oee, i?ae aioo??oi?e iiieo ana?aaeei? oe??? e?a?ie.
Oeeeee o o?ce/ieo ianyaao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa
aaia?othoue oeeeee a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio aenii?o?.

Ca?eueoaiiy aaeiaeo cai??a o?iaeath a e?a?i?-aenii?oa?? (ca
a?aenooiino? nooo?aeo ci?i a o?iaeaeiino? a ?ioeo e?a?iao) ca?eueoo?
?aaeuei? a?ioia? aeioiaee ye n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ae?iaiee?a, oae ?
i?iieneiaoe?a e?a?ie-aenii?oa?a. Ii/aoeiaa ca?eueoaiiy iaaeoiaeaeaiue
aeaii? e?a?ie, ni?e/eiaia aenieith a?iaeaei?noth, ca?aeii c aoaeoii
ioeueoeie?eaoi?a, ?iaeoeoaaoeia noeioee aei ?icoe?aiiy ae?iaie/i?
ae?yeueiino? a oe?e e?a?i?, ui iia’ycai? ?c ca?eueoaiiyi a?ioae a
iaoe?iiaeuei?e aeiiii?oe?.

Ioaea, oeeeee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai aenii?oo o?nii aca?iiiia’ycai?
?c caaaeueieie aeiiii?/ieie oeeeeaie. I?ioa, ye cacia/aa A.Oeiioaiei,
i?e aeyaeaii? oeueiai ca’yceo, ne?ae a?aoiaoaaoe, ui ?nio? oaiaeaioe?y
aei a?aenoaaaiiy caaaeueieo aeiiii?/ieo oeeee?a a?ae iieaciee?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai aenii?oo ia ia??iae a?ae oanoe i?nyoe?a aei
?ieo.

A ?iaio? i?iaiae?ciaaii aieeae n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue ia
aeiiii?eo aeniei?icaeiaieo e?a?i. O no/anieo oiiaao, ia iaoo aeoieo,
iinooiiai ciaioothoueny aieeae n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oeeee?a ia
??aaiue noeoiii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? a oeeo e?a?iao.

Iaeiae, n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? eieeaaiiy ana ua caeeoathoueny
/eiieeii, yeee iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe aeey aeeaoiai ? iiai?oiai
iiyniaiiy ae?eiaeo oeeee?a.o iiaiiio iiyniaii? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a. O
e?a?iao c aeniei?icaeiaiith aeiiii?eith eeoa aeno?aiaeuei? eieeaaiiy
a?iaeaeiino? oa aaeiaeo cai??a iiaeooue aieeaaoe ia iniiai? ia?aiao?e
iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee. Ine?eueee oae? ??ce? eieeaaiiy a?iaeaeiino?
iathoue ia?aaoey?iee aeiaaeeiaee oa?aeoa?, oi ieie ia iiaeia iiynieoe
nenoaiaoe/i? oeeee?/i? eieeaaiiy. Oiio a aeena?oaoe?? ie ?icaeyaea?ii
eieeaaiiy a?iaeaeiino?, ye oae?, ui ?iaeoeothoue ?iioeuene oeeee?/iiai
iaoai?cio on??? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie.

O ?aoa?iaaiiio ?icae?e? cacia/aii, ui ia iiaeia i?eiaiooaaoe cia/aiiy
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue a ?ioeo e?a?iao na?oo. Cie?aia, oea
noino?oueny oae caaieo aa?a?ieo e?a?i, a yeeo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee
naeoi? ? iai?aiei o no?oeoo?? iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.
N?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? eieeaaiiy /eiyoue, ia iaoo aeoieo, nooo?aee
aieea ia aeiiii?eo ? cie?aia, ia noai ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o e?a?iao, ui
?icaeaathoueny, /e ia?aoiaeyoue aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.

A aeena?oaoe?? i?iaiae?ciaaii iniaeeaino? n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa
Oe?a?ie, ui ia?aaoaa? o noaae?? ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe??.

A oiiaao aaci?aoeaaeaioiiai o?ainoi?iaoe?eiiai niaaeo, ca aeniei?
ieoiii? aaae n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa o AAI, noa? ana i/aaeaei?oa, ui
aeinyaiaiiy iae?iaeiiii?/ii? noaa?eueiino? aeaaeae? a?eueoa caeaaeeoue
a?ae noaio n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa. I?ioa, iei?oith aeiiii?/io
neooaoe?th a Oe?a?i? iaiiaeeeai iiynieoe ca aeiiiiiaith ?nioth/eo oai??e
ae?eiaeo oeeee?a. Niaae a?o/eciyiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ia ia? oeeee?/iiai oa
ia??iaee/iiai oa?aeoa?o, a ? o?ainoi?iaoe?eiei niaaeii, ui aeeeeeaiee
aieiaii ia?aoai?aiiyie a aeiiii?/i?e nenoai? Oe?a?ie, cie?aia a?aeiinei
aeaniino?, a oiio /ene? ? a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?.

Aiae?c aeeiai?ee ??aiy a?iaeaeiino? iniiaieo aeae?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? o a?o/eciyiiio n?euenueeiio
ainiiaea?noa? na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui eieeaaiiy ? ia’?eoeaieie oa ?nioaaee
caaaeaee, cie?aia ? a eiiaiaeii-ieaiia?e aeiiii?oe? (aeea. a?ao?e 1).

Oi?ia e?eai? a ia??iae a?ae 1992 aei 1999 ??. na?ae/eoue ia i?i
a?aenooi?noue eieeaaiue, a coiiaeaia oaeeie ianoaaeiaie. Ii-ia?oa,
iaiiaiei ioiieaiiyi iaoe?iiaeueiith noaoenoeeith ianya?a
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa ia?aaeian?i aiane?aeie
o?i?caoe?? aeiiii?ee oa ca?eueoaiiy /anoee iaoo?aeueiiai naeoi?o.
Ii-ae?oaa, iiieeee a oiae? ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue i?ecaaee aei ciaioaiiy
ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa oa ca?eueoaiiy ?iii?oo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? aeey caaeiaieaiiy ?nioth/iai
iiieoo.

Ia’?eoeaiei iieacieeii, yeee a oiiaao aeeaieiai ? caoyaeiiai niaaeo
iiaea a?aeia?aceoe noai ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?
oa i?iieneiaino?, ? ia iaoo aeoieo, “?iaeaen Oeiioaiea”. E??i oiai, a?i
aea? ciiao, i?iaiicoaaoe aeeiai?eo ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? (aeea. oaaeeoeth
1).

Aieiaiei caaaeaiiyi ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue ? i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? caaacia/aiiy
eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino? a?o/eciyiiai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ia
na?oiaeo ?eieao.

Oi?iaeiaae inoaiiueiai aeanyoee?ooy n?euenueea ainiiaea?noai Oe?a?ie
ciaoiaeeoueny o noai? caiaiaaeo, ui noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ?oeiaoe??th
iniiaiiai eai?oaeo aaeoc?, o?ii?/iei iaaeiaeei?enoaiiyi iayaiiai
o?ce/iiai iioaioe?aeo, iia??oaiiyi iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iiai iinoa/aiiy, a
ioaea, niaaeii ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa oa cieaeaiiyi i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?
a aaeoc?.

Iaeiae, a inoaii? ?iee o a?o/eciyiiio n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? oaea
/?oei i?inoaaeo?oueny iiceoeaia oaiaeaioe?y: aeieeiaiiy iiaeo
ainiiaea?nueeeo iaeeieoeue, ia?aaeian?i oa?ia?nueeeo ainiiaea?noa, ye?
aoaeoeaii i?aoeththoue a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee.

Ia?aae aa?a?iei naeoi?ii a Oe?a?i? noiyoue i?iaeaie, iia’ycai? c
iniaeeainoyie oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei: i?aaiaei iaae??oaiiyi
caiaeueiiai ieoaiiy, a?aenooi?noth a?aeiia?aeii? iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii?
aace aeey ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeoc?, aeenia?eoaoii oe?i ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo oa i?iieneiao i?iaeoeoe?th, a oaeiae
iaaeineiiaeith o?iainiai-iiaeaoeiaith oa a?ioiaith iie?oeeith o?yaeo
noiniaii naea. Aa?a?ia iie?oeea aea?aeaae ia aeaiiiio aoai? iiaeiia
ni?yiiaoaaoeny ia ?ica’ycaiiy oeeo i?iaeai aaeoc?.

Oaaeeoey 1.

?ic?aooiie ?iaeaena Oeiioaiea aeey aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie,

1992-1998 ??.

0,44 0,41 0,77 1,59 1,33 1,00 0,81

??/i? ci?ie ?iaeaena Oeiioaiea

-0,03 0,36 0,82 -0,26 -0,33 -0,19

* Ia/eneaii ca: Noaoenoe/iee ui??/iee Oe?a?ie ca 1998 ??e.- E.: Oaoi?ea,
1999.- N.89, 91.

Aeina?ae aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa o
aeniei?icaeiooeo e?a?iao na?oo, ia iiaeia ne?ii eii?thaaoe, a?aoiaoth/e
nooo?ao a?aei?ii?noue i?iaeai oe?a?inueeiai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa.

Aa?a?ia iie?oeea Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai? iieeeeaia aeeiiaoe aea?
a?oie aca?iiiia’ycaieo caaaeaiue: iiaeieaoe oaia??oi?, iaaeoi aaeee?,
o?oaeiiu? a aa?ii?iaeiaieue/iio naeoi?? aeiiii?ee ? aeaanoe eiai ia
??aaiue ?icaeoeo, a?aeiee Oe?a?ie.

AENIIAEE

I?iaiae?coaaaoe oai?aoe/i? eiioeaioe??, ye? iiyniththoue nooue oa
i?e/eie n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eieeaaiue oa ?o aieea ia
iae?iaeiiii?/io noaa?euei?noue a oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, o
aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii? c?iaeaii oae? ocaaaeueiaiiy oa aeniiaee:

1. Iniiaiei e?eoa???i aeey eeaneo?eaoe?? /enaeueieo oai??e ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a aeieaein?ainueeiai ia??iaeo ? cia/aiiy, yea a oeeo oai??yo
iaaea?oueny aeciaaiiei oa aiaeiaaiiei /eiieeai, ye aeaea?aeai oeeee?/ieo
eieeaaiue. Eaein?ainueea oai??y ae?eiaeo oeeee?a, ia iao iiaeyae, ?
neioaoe/iith oai???th, ui a?oioo?oueny ia iniiaieo iieiaeaiiyo iecee
?ioeo oai??e, a oiio /ene? ?iaanoeoe?eii? oai??? I.
Ooaaia-Aa?aiianueeiai. Aa?a?i? oai??? ca?oiiaaii a o?e iniiai? iai?yie o
caeaaeiino? a?ae oiai, yea cia/aiiy aiie iaaeathoue aa?a?iiio naeoi?ia?
ye /eiieeo eieeaaiue noeoiii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?.

2. Eieeaaiiy ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa o n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?
aieeaathoue ia noeoiio ae?eiao aeoeai?noue a iaoe?iiaeuei?e aeiiii?oe?,
cie?aia ia aaeoc? i?iieneiaino?, ui aeei?enoiaothoue
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th, ye ne?iaeio; ia i?aei?e?inoaa, ui
caeiathoueny ia?aaacaiiyi, caa??aaiiyi oa ia?eaoeiaii
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe??; ia eoi?aaeueio ni?iiiaei?noue,
aai noeoiiee iiieo; ia ianyae ?iaanoeoe?e, ia?aaeian?i o caiane
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? ne?iaeie; ia noai aenii?oo oa i?aeia?iaeio
oi?a?aeth caaaeii. Aiaeii/an eieeaaiiy noeoiii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?, o
naith /a?ao, aieeaathoue ia ianyae n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa.

3. Aiae?c iieaciee?a aeeiai?ee o?ce/iiai ianyao
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa ca o?eaaeee ia??iae aeyaey?
iii?oi? ia??iaee/i? eieeaaiiy ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa. Aeoaea iaaeanoe/iee oa?aeoa? iiieoo ia
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? i?iaeoeoe ia?aoai?th? iaaaeee? ci?ie ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa o cia/i? eieeaaiiy oe?i ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo
i?iaeoeoe?th. Oiio caoiaee aa?a?ii? iie?oeee a Oe?a?i? iiaeii?
ni?yiiaoaaoeny ia i?aeaeuaiiy noaeino? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa. Oae? caoiaee i?i?i?coaaoeiooue iaaaoeai? aieeae
oeeee?/iino? o n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? ia noaa?euei?noue a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee.

4. Aenie? oaiie iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano oa aeoaea iaaeanoe/iee
iiieo ia n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th cieaeo? /anoeo
n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa o AAI aaaaoueio e?a?i na?oo, ui aaaea aei
iinooiiaiai ciaioaiiy aieeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oeeee?a ia
caaaeueiee ??aaiue ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?. O ?icaeioo?e ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? oeeeee oaea ia ?iaeoeothoue, a eeoa
iiaeeo?eothoue i?io?eaiiy caaaeueiiai ae?eiaiai oeeeeo. Oiio aa?a?ia
oai??y ae?eiaiai oeeeeo neoao? aeiiiaiaiiyi aei iayaieo oai??e ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a.

5. Iaeiei c aaaiieo /eiiee?a, ui ?noioii caoaeo? aiie?ooaeo eieeaaiue
oe?i oa aeioiae?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ae?iaiee?a, a ioaea,
iineaaeth? ?o iani?eyoeea? aieeae ia aeiiii?eo a oe?eiio, ? canoinoaaiiy
a?aeiia?aeieo ?ino?oiaio?a aea?aeaaii? aeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee. I?ioa
aeina?ae aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa o
?icaeiaieo e?a?iao iieacaa, ui aa?a?i? i?ia?aie ia caaaeaee i?eiinyoue
aaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe. Oe? i?ia?aie caeaa?eueoiai i?aeo?eioaaee aeioiaee
oa?ia??a, aea ia iii’yeooaaee i?iaeaie ?iciiae?eo ?ano?n?a, ui ?
iniiaiith i?e/eiith ianoaa?eueiino? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? aaeoc?. Ua
iaeiei ?noioiei iaaeie?eii aa?a?ii? iie?oeee ? noia?a/i?noue i?ae
ie?aieie aa?a?ieie i?ia?aiaie. Oea iiynith?oueny aieiaii neeaaei?noth oa
aaaaoioe?eueiaei oa?aeoa?ii aa?a?ii? iie?oeee.

6. Caoyaeio aeai?an?th o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe? iaiiaeeeai iiynieoe
iayaieie oai??yie ae?eiaeo oeeee?a, ine?eueee iaaoaaeee ca aeeaeiith
niaae ia? ia oeeee?/io, a o?ainoi?iaoe?eio i?e?iaeo. Ca oaeeo ianoaaei
aaaeei ioe?ieoe aieea oeeee?/ieo eieeaaiue o n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio
ae?iaieoeoa? ia caaaeueiee noai aeiiii?ee. Aiae?c noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo
aeeiai?ee o?ce/iiai ianyao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? a
Oe?a?i? aeyaey? aeeaie? oeeee?/i? eieeaaiiy ? a oiiaao
eiiaiaeii-ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee, ui ia iiaei ia ?iaeoeoaaoe caaaeueiiai
ae?eiaiai oeeeeo.

7. Aeey i?iaiicoaaiiy aeeiai?ee noeoiii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?
aeioe?eueii canoiniaoaaoe “?iaeaen Oeiioaiea”. Iao? ia/eneaiiy oeueiai
?iaeaeno i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue iayai?noue oeeee?/iino? o a?o/eciyiiio
n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?. Iniaeeaa iiaaae?iea ?iaeaeno c 1992-1999 ??.
coiiaeaia, ia iao iiaeyae, iaiiaiei ioiieaiiyi iaoe?iiaeueiith
noaoenoeeith ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa aiane?aeie
o?i?caoe?? aeiiii?ee oa ?icoe?aiiy iaoo?aeueiiai naeoi?a, a oaeiae
iaae?iiyi ianya?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa.

8. I?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaa ?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?y aaeeeeo aea?aeaaieo ?
iaaea?aeaaieo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo i?aei?e?inoa iiaeiia
ni?yiiaoaaoenue ia ??cea i?aeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?, ui
caaacia/eoue eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue a?o/eciyiiai n?euenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa. Aeey oeueiai o?yae ia? caoenoeoe oa?ia?noai a?ae i?iya?a
iaaeineiiaei? eiieo?aioe?? c aieo oeo aaeocae aeiiii?ee, ye?
aaciina?aaeiuei iia’ycai? n?euenueeei ainiiaea?noaii. Aeey iii’yeoaiiy
iane?aee?a oeeee?/iino? o a?o/eciyiiio n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio
ae?iaieoeoa? iei? aeioe?eueii, ia iao iiaeyae, a aa?a?i?e iie?oeoe?
aeio?eioaaoenue eiioeaioe?? ia?eoaoo, ca?aeii c yeith a?aeiioaiiy oe?i,
ca yeeie n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? ae?iaieee i?iaeathoue naith
i?iaeoeoe?th, aei oe?i, ca yeeie aiie eoiothoue ?io? oiaa?e, iiaeiii
aooe noaa?eueiei. Aiaeii/an noaiiaeaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiiai aa?a?iiai naeoi?a
iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee ia?aaeaa/a? oi?ioaaiiy ni?eyoeeaiai
iae?iaeiiii?/iiai na?aaeiaeua.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

A?aaeinueea ?. Aieiaeeie? Oeiioaiei – aeine?aeiee aa?ieoeueoo?ieo
eieeaaiue a aeiiii?/ieo oeeeeao // A?niee Euea?a. oi-oo, Na?. aeii.-
Euea?a: Na?o, 1998.- Aei.28.- N.32-35.

A?aaeinueea ?. Aei i?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy no/anii? eiioeaioe?? ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a // Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?: Iaoe. ca.- Euea?a:
?ioa?aei, 1999.- Aei.5.- N.80-84.

A?aaeinueea ?. Aa?a?i? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a: aaiethoe?y iiaeyae?a //
Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?: Iaoe. ca.- Euea?a: ?ioa?aei,
1999.- Aei.4.- N.92-102.

A?aaeinueea ?. A.Oeiioaiei oa eiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiii?/ieo oeeee?a //
Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?: Iaoe. ca.- Euea?a: ?ioa?aei,
1998.- Aei.3.- N.52-54.

A?aaeinueea ?. Oe?a?inueea iaoeiaa oeiea aeiiii?/ii? eii’thieoo?e:
Aieiaeeie? Oeiioaiei // Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?: Iaoe.
ca.- Euea?a: ?ioa?aei, 1997.- Aei.2.- N.51-53.

A?aaeinueea ?. Aeiiii?/iee noaa?ai?oao Oe?a?ie o eiioeaioe?? Aieiaeeie?a
Oeiioaiea // Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?: Iaoe. ca.- Euea?a:
?ioa?aei, 1997.- Aei.1.- N.59-61.

A?aaeinueea ?. Aeine?aeaeaiiy A.Oeiioaieii aieeao aa?ieoeueoo?ieo
eieeaaiue ia aeiiii?/i? oeeeee // Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: no/ani? i?iaeaie oa
ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo: Ca. iaoe. noaoae.- Euea?a: EAeO, 1997.- N.30-32.

A?aaeinueea ?. Aioeoeeee?/ia ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?ee ye oiiaa
noaa?eueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeoaa // Oai??y ? i?aeoeea i?aei?e?iieoeoaa:
i?iaeaie aea/aiiy oa aeiiii?/ii? i?ina?oe a Oe?a?i?: Iaoa??aee
I?aeia?iaeiiai e?oiueiai aeiiii?/iiai naiano?o “?ioa?aei”, O?oneaaaoeue,
29.07.-21.08.1996.- Euea?a: ?ioa?aei, 1997.- N.18-19.

A?aaeinueea ?. Aieiaeeie? Oeiioaiei oa eiai aeiiii?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy //
Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: ieioea, no/ania, iaeaooi?: Ca. aeiiia?aeae ?
iia?aeiieaiue Ainueii? iaoe. nan?? Aeii. eii?n?? IOO, aa?acaiue 1997.-
Euea?a: IOO, 1997.- N.87-90.

AIIOAOe?ss

A?aaeinueea ?.A. Iae?iaeiiii?/iee aiae?c aa?a?ieo oai??e ae?eiaeo
oeeee?a.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.01.01 – aeiiii?/ia oai??y.- Euea?anueeee
iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, Euea?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii iae?iaeiiii?/iiio aiae?co oai??e, ye?
iiyniththoue i?e/eie aeiiii?/ii? ianoaa?eueiino? a aa?ii?iieneiaiio
naeoi??, aeyaeaii? ?? aieeao ia i?iieneia?noue, ?iaanoeoe?eio
aeoeai?noue, caiuaaeaeaiiy, eoi?aaeueio ni?iiiaei?noue oa aenii?o. O
?iaio? i?iaiae?ciaaii oai?aoe/i? iiyniaiiy i?e/ei aeiiii?/ii?
ianoaa?eueiino?; i?inoaaeaii aaiethoe?th iiaeyae?a ia aa?a?i? oai???
ae?eiaeo oeeee?a i?aaenoaaiee?a ??ciiiai?oieo oe?e oa iai?yi?a na?oiai?
aeiiii?/ii? aeoiee oa cai?iiiiiaaii iia? e?eoa??? ?o eeaneo?eaoe??.
Iaa?oioiaaii iaiao?aei?noue ?icaeyaeo n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ye
/eiieea, ui aieeaa? ia noai caaaeueii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? oa
iaa?oioiaaii iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy “?iaeaeno Oeiioaiea” aeey
i?iaiicoaaiiy ci?i caaaeueii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o ia?ao?aei?e
aeiiii?oe? ? oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aioeoeeee?/ii? iie?oeee.
Cai?iiiiiaaii i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? oa i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aeinyaiaiiy
noaa?eueiiai ?icaeoeo ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? o n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?
Oe?a?ie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: iae?iaeiiii?ea, iae?iaeiiii?/ia ianoaa?euei?noue,
aa?a?i? oai??? ae?eiaeo oeeee?a, ae?eiaa aeoeai?noue, n?euenueea
ainiiaea?noai.

AIIIOAOeEss

A?aaeineay E.A. Iae?iyeiiiie/aneee aiaeec aa?a?iuo oai?ee aeaeiauo
oeeeeia.- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.01.01 – yeiiiie/aneay oai?ey.- Eueaianeee
iaoeeiiaeueiue oieaa?neoao eiaie Eaaia O?aiei, Eueaia, 1999.

A aeenna?oaoeee aiaeece?othony oai?aoe/aneea iauyniaiey i?e/ei
iae?iyeiiiie/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoe a aa?ii?iiuoeaiiii naeoi?a.
Ii?aaeaeaii aa aeeyiea ia i?iiuoeaiiinoue, eiaanoeoeeiiioth aeoeaiinoue,
naa?aaeaiey, iieoiaoaeueioth niiniaiinoue e yenii?o. A ?aaioa aeaoaeueii
aiaeece?othony aa?a?iua oai?ee aeaeiauo oeeeeia. I?aaeeiaeaia eo
aaoi?neay eeanneoeeaoeey.

Oeaeue ?yae oai?ee, ia iniiaa noaoenoe/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee iauyniytho
ioiioaiey iaaeaeo eciaiaieyie ninoiyiey naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai naeoi?a e
eieaaaieyie aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, /oi niaeaenoaiaaei aicieeiiaaieth
ioaeaeueiiai iai?aaeaiey a yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee, iauyniythuaai e?ecenu e
oeeeeu, ecaanoiiai iiae iacaaieai “aa?a?iay oai?ey aeaeiauo oeeeeia”.
Yoa iauyniythuay oai?ey aeaeiauo oeeeeia i?eiaaeeaaeeo e yeciaaiiui
oai?eyi aeaeiauo oeeeeia, ?anniao?eaathuei aeeyiea aiaoieo,
ioiineoaeueii yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu, oaeoi?ia, eae i?e/eio eieaaaiee
aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe.

Ioaeaeueiia ianoi a aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaioa ioaaaeaii i?iaeaia
enneaaeiaaiey iaoiaeia auyaeaiey oeeeee/iinoe a naeueneioicyenoaaiiii
i?iecaiaenoaa. A ?aaioa ioia/aaony, /oi ii?aaeaeythuei oaeoi?ii
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo eieaaaiee yaeythony oeeeee/aneea eciaiaiey iauaiia
i?iecaiaenoaa iniiaiuo, a /anoiinoe ca?iiauo eoeueoo?. Noaoenoe/anee,
eniieuecoy iaoiaeeeo A.Oeiioaiei, a ?aaioa i?ieeethno?e?iaaii
oeeeee/iinoue iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa iniiaiuo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
eoeueoo? a Oe?aeia a 1970-1999 aa. Eieaaaiey a iauaiao
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ?anniao?eaathony eae aaaeiue
oaeoi?, aeeythuee ia niaieoiiua eieaaaiey aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe.

A aeenna?oaoeee aiaeece?oaony aeeyiea enneaaeiaaiiuo
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo eieaaaiee ia iae?iyeiiiie/aneoth noaaeeueiinoue. A
/anoiinoe, enneaaeiaaii eo aeeyiea ia io?anee i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
eniieuecothuea naeueneioicyenoaaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth eae nu?uea a
i?iecaiaenoaa; ia eiee/anoai i?aaeeiaeaiey o?oaea; ia io?anee
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, i?iecaiaeyuea i?iaeoeoeeth ianaeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey; ia eiaanoeoeeiiioth aeoeaiinoue.

Ioaeaeueii ioia/aaony, /oi nouanoaothuea oeeeeu naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
yenii?oa iaoiaeyony a oaniie acaeiinayce ni anaiaueie yeiiiie/aneeie
oeeeeaie.

Iainiiaaia aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey “eiaeaena Oeiioaiei” aeey
i?iaiice?iaaiey eciaiaiee iauae aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe a ia?aoiaeiie
yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu e oi?ie?iaaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie aioeoeeeee/aneie
iieeoeee.

A aeenna?oaoeee aiaeece?oaony i?aeoeea ?aaeecaoeee i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie
iieeoeee, eanathuaeny naeueneiai oicyenoaa, eioi?ay iai?aaeaia ia
noaaeeecaoeeth eieaaaiee aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe a naeueneii oicyenoaa e aa
aiciiaeiuo iineaaenoaee. Oaeea i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua i?ia?aiiu, a iniiaiii
i?aaeoniao?eaatho: iaania/aiea iaiaoiaeeiuo iauaiia
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, oaaee/aiea ?iee oeaiiaie
iiaeaea?aeee a oie eee eiie oi?ia, iiaeaea?aeaiea aeioiaeia
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae, iaania/aiea oeaiiauo caueoiuo
aa?uea?ia ia ie?iaii naeueneioicyenoaaiiii ?uiea e ae?oaea oneiaey.

A ?acoeueoaoa ?aaiou auyaeaiu iniiaiua ia?aiao?u iiaeoiaeyuae aeey
Oe?aeiu aa?a?iie iieeoeee, /oi nicaeaei oai?aoe/aneoth iniiao aeey
?aoaiey yoie aaaeiie iae?iyeiiiie/aneie i?iaeaiu. A aeenna?oaoeee
i?aaeeiaeaiu iooe ?aoi?ie?iaaiey aa?a?iiai naeoi?a iaoeeiiaeueiie
yeiiiieee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: iae?iyeiiiieea, iae?iyeiiiie/aneay ianoaaeeueiinoue,
aa?a?iua oai?ee aeaeiauo oeeeeia, aeaeiaay aeoeaiinoue, naeueneia
oicyenoai.

ANNOTATION

Hrabynska I. Macroeconomic Analysis of Agrarian Theories of Business
Cycles.- Manuscript.

Thesis for Candidate of Science’s degree in economics by speciality
08.01.01 – Theory of Economics.- The Ivan Franko National University in
Lviv, Lviv, 1999.

Dissertation is devoted to macroeconomic analysis of theories
explaining for causes of economic instability in the agrarian sector. It
investigates the influence of macroeconomic instability on industry,
investment activity, saving, purchasing power and export. Theoretical
explanations of economic instability are analyzed; evolution of views on
agrarian theories of business cycles of various schools and directions
of world economic thought are considered; the new criterions of
classification of agrarian theories are offered. The necessity of
analyzing of agriculture as factor, influencing on state of general
business activity is grounded; possibility of using “Timoshenko’s index”
for prognostication of changes of general business activity in
transitional economy and forming of national anticyclical policy is
proved. The practical recommendations and suggestions for reaching
stable development of business activity in Ukrainian agriculture are
offered.

Key words: macroeconomics, macroeconomic instability, agrarian theories
of business cycles, business activity, agriculture.

Ooaai-Aa?aiianeee I.E. Ia?eiaee/aneea i?iiuoeaiiua e?ecenu: Enoi?ey
aiaeeeneeo e?ecenia; Iauay oai?ey e?ecenia.- Ia., 1923.- N.153.

Timoshenko V.P. The Role of Agricultural Fluctuations in the Business
Cycle // Michigan Business Studies.- 1930.- Vol.2, No.9.- P.26-27.

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