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I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao Iiae?eey

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

OAeE 621.030:669.018.25

Aa?iee Iaaei Noaiaiiae/

IAOEIE ? IAEAAeIAIIss AeEss ?ICI??II-CI?OeITHTH*I? OA?IIIEENETHAAEUeII?
OA A?A?AOe?EII? IA?IAEE OAA?AeINIEAAIEO AE?IA?A

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.02.02. – Iaoeiiciaanoai

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Oiaeueieoeueeee – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o A?iieoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio

n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio ?inoeooo? I?i?noa?noaa

aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

N?e?i ?aaeiie? ?aaiiae/, Oaoiieia?/iee

oi?aa?neoao Iiae?eey i. Oiaeueieoeueeee, ?aeoi?

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Na?aethe Eaii?ae ?aaiiae/, Iieoaanueeee

aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao

?i. TH. Eiiae?aothea, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e

oai?aoe/ii? iaoai?ee, i. Iieoaaa;

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Eocuei ?ai? Aieiaeeie?iae/, Euea?anueeee

aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea

iie?oaoi?ea”, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e

oai?aoe/ii? iaoai?ee, i. Euea?a;

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

?ieciai A?eai Iao?iae/, Oaoiieia?/iee

oi?aa?neoao Iiae?eey, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e

i?eeeaaeii? iaoai?ee, i. Oiaeueieoeueeee.

I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y: Iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao

Oe?a?ie “EI?”, eaoaae?a eiino?othaaiiy

aa?noao?a ? iaoei, i. Ee?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny i 10-e aiaeei? 27 o?aaiy 1999 ?.

ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 70.052.02

o Oaoiieia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? Iiae?eey ca aae?anith:

280016, i. Oiaeueieoeueeee, aoe. ?inoeooonueea, 11.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? oi?aa?neoaoo

ca aae?anith: 280016, i. Oiaeueieoeueeee, aoe. Eai’yiaoeueea, 110/1

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 20 ea?oiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E?ieoeueeee ss.O.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeueiinoue oaie. Oiieaeueia ii?aeiaiiy oiceei-iaoaii/ieo
aeanoeainoae oa aenieoaoaoeieieo oa?aeoa?enoee aieueo?aii-eiaaeueoiaeo
oaa?aeeo nieaaia aecia/eei ?o iacaiiiia canoinoaaiiy a
iaoaeiia?iaethaaeueiie, ai?ie/iaeiaoaiie, aeaeo?iiiie oa iioeo aaeocyo.
Iai?eeeaae, i?e neioaci ooo/ieo aeiacia a aia?aoao aenieiai oeneo,
?aeeiei i?eaeaoiei iaoa?iaeii, c yeiai aeaioiaeythoue inianoeo, ? nieaae
nenoaie WC-Co. Aieueo ?iciiai/ia i ianooaaia canoinoaaiiy oeeo
iaoa?iaeia no?eio?oueny aianeiaeie i?ia?anoth/iai aeniaaeaiiy i?e?iaeieo
?ano?nia, cie?aia aieueo?aio oa eiaaeueoo.

A ca’yceo c oeei aaaeeeai ?ic?iaeoe oaei iaoiaee oa iaeaaeiaiiy aeey
oi?iiooai?aiiy oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia, yei a ia oieueee caa?aaee
aeiyoeiai aeanoeainoi oeeo nieaaia, aea i nooo?ai ?o iiaeaeueee.
Iacaaaeath/e ia iinoieia aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiaeia ii?ioeiai? iaoaeo?ai?,
iiney niieaiiy a oaa?aeeo nieaaao noai?ththoueny aeaoaeoii ca
no?oeoo?ith oa oiii/iei neeaaeii iiaa?oiaai oa?e c aaeeeith oi?noeinoth.
Oiiioii iia?aoei?, aeaeo?iine?iaa oa oeueo?icaoeiaa ia?iaee, iaeea oa
cai?aniaea, caoi/ea oiui i?ecaiaeyoue aei ooai?aiiy iie?io?iuei,
i?eiaeia, caeeoeiaeo ?icoyaoth/eo iai?oa, ui cieaeo? ?o
i?aoeacaeaoiinoue.

sse iieacaa ?yae aeineiaeaeaiue, aoaeoeaiinoue canoinoaaiiy oaa?aeeo
nieaaia iiaea aooe nooo?ai iiaeaeuaia oeyoii noai?aiiy o iiaa?oiaaeo
oa?ao no?oeoo? ic niaoeiaeueieie aeanoeainoyie. Aeineiaeaeaiiyie ?.?.
Nieiia, A.I. Iiaiaeaeea, A.?. Ea?iaethea, I.A. Eioaea, I.I. Iaeaoa, A.?.
Ooiaiiaa, A.I. *oaieiia, A.A. Aiy?nueeiai, I.I. A?eoeeoeia, E.A. Oa?oa,
E.A. Eoeeiia, A.I. Aaoa oa ii. aoea aeiaaaeaia iiaeeeainoue iiaa?oiaaiai
ciioeiaiiy nia/aieo oaa?aeeo nieaaia oeyoii aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee a
oiiaao aieueiiai eiiaiaoe/iiai ca’yceo iiae ia?iaethaaiith aeaoaeeth i
iino?oiaioii. ?ic?iaeaii i?ioeane aia?iaa?aceaii? ?icii?ii? ia?iaee

oa ciioeithth/i? aia?ioaea?ii? ia?iaee oi?iothoue ni?eyoeeaee
iie?i?aeue?o c iaiai?aaeaieie neiaeaie ia?iaee ia neeaaeieo iiaa?oiyo,
iaaeinyaeieo oeiooaaiith, cieaeothoue a 5-10 ?acia aenioii ia?aiao?e
oi?noeinoi, noai?ththoue a iiaa?oiaaiio oa?i noeneoth/i iai?oae aei
1,5-2 IIa ia aeeaeio aei 0,3 ii. Oaeiae aoea ?aaeiciaaia iiaeeeainoue
?icii?ii? ia?iaee, caie?oaeaiiy ?iaeo/eo e?iiie ye ia ie?aieo
oaa?aeinieaaieo ieanoeiao, oae i iino?oiaioa o cia?aiiio noaii.

A i?ioeani iiooeo oeyoia iioaineoieaoei? ?icii?ii? aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee
?.?. Nieiiei, A.I. Iiaiaeaeeii, A.?. Ooiaiiaei, ?.A. TH?aae/ai aoei
noi?iiaaii i?eioeeiiai iiaee, oaeee, ui ia ia? aiaeiaia o naioi,
iaoeiaee iai?yiie – oa?iiieenethaaeueia oa aia?aoeieia ia?iaea (OI i
AI). Aeanoeainoue oaa?aeeo nieaaia iioaineaii ieenethaaoenue ci noaeith
oaeaeeinoth a eeniaaiiniiio na?aaeiaeui i?e aenieeo oaiia?aoo?ao ?
ia?aaeoiiaith aeey ?icii?ii? ia?iaee.

A ?acoeueoaoi OI ooai?ththoueny ieneaee, yei oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
aiaenooiinoth caoenieo aeanoeainoae, e?eoeinoth i iaeith iioeiinoth i
oaeaeei ciiiathoueny aia?aoeieiith ia?iaeith. OI ye iiia?aaeiy iia?aoeiy
aeey ciyooy aieueoi? /anoeie i?eioneo a ii?aeiaiii c iiaeaeueoith
aia?aoeieiith ia?iaeith aea? iiaeeeainoue ia aeaa ii?yaeee caieueoeoe
oaeaeeinoue ?icii?ii? ia?iaee, caeienithaaoe eieaeueio ?icii?io ia?iaeo
oa oi?iiooai?thaaoe eaeaeueii iiaa?oii, iaaeinyaeii iioeie iaoiaeaie.
Iiaeaeueoi aeineiaeaeaiiy iieacaee aaeeei oaoiieiai/ii iiaeeeainoi i
aeiiiii/io aeioeieueiinoue OI i AI. Iaa?oioiaaia aeeth/aiiy a
oaoiieiaith aeaioiaeaiiy oa?iiieenethaaeueiiai i aia?aoeieiiai iaoiaeia
aeicaiey? onoiooe aeaoaeoe iiia?aaeiio iia?aoeie oa aeinyaoe noaio
iaeneiaeueiiai ciioeiaiiy oaa?aeeo nieaaia i nooo?ai caieueoeoe
aenieoaoaoeieio noieeinoue ae?iaia ic ieo.

?acii c oei, aoaeoeaiinoue inioth/iai aia?aoeieiiai iaeaaeiaiiy aeey
?icii?ii-ciioeithth/i? ia?iaee ia aiaeiiaiaea? aeiiaai no/aniiai
ae?iaieoeoaa i nai?i iioaioeieiei iiaeeeainoyi, a ianooaae canoinoaaiiy
iaaei?aaaeaii iaei. A ia?oo /a?ao oea iiaeeeai iiynieoe oei, ui
noai?aiiy aenieiaoaeoeaiiai iaeaaeiaiiy aeey ciioeiaiiy aeaoaeae
neeaaeii? oi?ie ic eaaeiiioeiaeaeoaaieo iaoa?iaeia, yeeie ? oaa?aei
nieaae, iia’ycaii c ?ioaiiyi i?iaeaie iioeiicaoei? oa oi?aaeiiiy
aeeiaii/ieie ia?aiao?aie ia?iaee a oiiaao iaiaaeaiiy iioaineaiinoi
eieeaaiue. Aia?ioaea?ia ciioeiaiiy ? yne?aai-ie?aneaiei aeeiaii/iei
i?ioeanii, a yeiio aiaenooiie aei?noeee eiiaiaoe/iee ca’ycie ?iai/iai
na?aaeiaeua (iino?oiaioa) c eiioaeia?ii (aa?noaoii) i ia?iaethaaiith
aeaoaeeth, a aieea aeeiaii/ieo ia?aiao?ia i?ioeano ia yeinoue oa
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue ia?iaee iathoue aeai?eiaee oa aeno?aiaeueiee oa?aeoa?.
Ia noai?aii eiino?oeoei? aia?aoeieieo iaoei aeey ia?iaee
oaa?aeinieaaiiai cai?iiai iino?oiaioa c iiaeioo?aiiyie, caaeeaeiaie oa
ioai?aie. Aei oeueiai /ano oai?i?th i i?aeoeeith ia ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea
aeai?o ia/ae aeey oa?iiieenethaaeueii? ia?iaee, yea caaacia/oaaea a
caaeaio oi/iinoue. Oiio aeineiaeaeaiiy, iai?aaeaii ia noai?aiiy
iaeaaeiaiiy c aenieith oaoiieiai/iith aio/einoth, oiiaa?naeueiinoth i
i?iaeoeoeaiinoth ? iaiaoiaeieie i aeooaeueieie.Ca’ycie ?iaioe c
iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie i oaiaie.

O iiaeaaeocaaie I?ia?aii “Oaa?aei nieaae”, ui caoaa?aeaeaia I?aceaei?th
IAI Oe?a?ie, ia?aaeaa/aii i?iaeooaaiiy, aeaioiaeaiiy i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o
ae?iaieoeoai aia?aoeieieo iaoei aeey ciioeiaiiy ao?iaiai iino?oiaioo.
?iaioa oaeiae aeeiioaaeanue caiaeii c ieaiii iaoeiai-aeineiaeieo i
aeineiaeii-eiino?oeoi?nueeeo ?ic?iaie Iiiinoa?noaa nieuenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa i i?iaeiaieuenoaa (iaeac ? 181 aiae 10.06.96?. i. 172
“?ic?iaea i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aia?aoeieieo iaoei aeey ia?a?iaieo aaeocae
AIE”) oa ieaiii i?iaaaeaiiy iaoeiai-aeineiaeieo ?iaio eaoaae?e
“Aaoiiaoecaoei? oa eiiieaenii? iaoaiicaoei? oaoiieiai/ieo i?ioeania”
AAeNA?. Iaoa ?iaioe – noai?aiiy iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ii? aace oa iaoiaee/ieo
iniia i?iaeooaaiiy iaeaaeiaiiy aeey eiiieaenii? oiiioii?
?icii?ii-ciioeithaaeueii? ia?iaee oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia oeyoii
ii?aeiaiiy oa?iiieenethaaeueiiai i aia?aoeieiiai iaoiaeia ca e?eoa?iyie
i?iaeoeoeaiinoi, iioeiinoi oa oi/iinoi.

Iniiaii caaea/i ?iaioe:

1. I?iaanoe aiaeic oaoiieiaie aeaioiaeaiiy i oiia aenieoaoaoei?
oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia oa iioeiicoaaoe ?aaeeie ?o ciioeiaiiy,
aeineiaeeoe aieea oa?iiieenethaaeueii? oa aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee ia
oa?aeoa?enoeee iioeiinoi oaa?aeeo nieaaia.

2. ?ic?iaeoe ?aoeiiiaeueii noaie io?eiaiiy eaeaeueieo iiaa?oiiue oa
iaoiaeeeo aeai?o iaeaaeiaiiy aeey ?aaeicaoei? oa?iiieenethaaeueii?
ia?iaee.

3. Aeineiaeeoe iaoaiieo aia?aoeieieo iaoei, noai caoaeaeaiiy eieeaaiue i
anoaiiaeoe aieea eiino?oeoeaieo oa ?aaeeiieo ia?aiao?ia ?ic?iaeaieo
aia?aoeieieo iaoei ia eiiaiaoeeo ?ooo eiioaeia?a, oa?aeoa? aca?iiaei? oa
?oo /anoeiie caaaioaaeaiiy.

4. ?ic?iaeoe i?eioeeie i?iaeooaaiiy oa eiino?othaaiiy aia?aoeieieo iaoei
aeey ciioeiaiiy: aia?aoia aenieiai oeneo, ai?ii?icaeueiiai, ao?iaiai
iino?oiaioa, iaoaei?icaeueiiai oa ooaiiiaiai.

5. Noai?eoe i?iieneiai aa?iaioe aia?aoeieieo iaoei i ?aeiiaiaeaoei?
uiaei i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoaiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoaoia.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia:

1. ?ic?iaeaia oai?iy ?icii?ii-ciioeithaaeueii? ia?iaee oaa?aeinieaaieo
ae?iaia oa?iiieenethaaeueiei i aia?aoeieiei iaoiaeaie, yea caaacia/o?
ia?aaeaa/oaaii oa?aeoa?enoeee yeinoi iiaa?oiaaiai oa?o.
Iaoaiiei-oaoiieiai/ii aeineiaeaeaiiy aieeao ciioeithth/eo iia?aoeie ia
oa?aeoa?enoeee iioeiinoi i?iieneiaeo ia?ie oaa?aeeo nieaaia aeaee
iiaeeeainoue aecia/eoe iioeiaeueii oiiae ia?iaee.

2. Noai?aii caniae oi?iiooai?aiiy eaeaeueieo iiaa?oiiue oa?iiieeneaiiyi
i iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo ?aaeeiia oa aeai?o iaeaaeiaiiy ia/ae, ui
caaacia/o? iio?iaio oi/iinoue ia?iaee.

3. Noi?iiaaii iiai iai?yiee ?icaeoeo eiino?oeoeie aia?aoeieieo iaoei, a
yeeo iiaeia ?aaeicoaaoe oaoiieiai? aia?iaa?aceaii? oa aia?ioaea?ii?
ia?iaee a?ioth/eo oaa?aeinieaaieo aeaiaioia i iino?oiaioo o cia?aiiio
noaii:

– aia?aoeieii aaoiiaoeciaaii eiiaa??ii iaoeie c aeanoe/iith
iai?aaeyth/ith aeey iaeii- i aaaaoinoaaeieii? ia?iaie;

– aia?aoeieii oi?iai iaoeie c aa?aaaoiaaieie iaiiioeyoi?aie
ea?onaeueiiai oeio aeey ia?iaee aeaoaeae a cae?iieaiiio noaii;

– aia?aoeieii iaoeie n aio/eei ?iai/ei eiioaeia?ii i oaeeueiaeie
aaia?aoi?aie eieeaaiue;

– aia?aoeieii-ieaiaoa?ii iaoeie c i?inoi?iaei ?ooii caaaioaaeaiiy.

4. Iiaoaeiaaii aeeiaii/ii iiaeaei ?icaeyiooeo eeania aia?aoeieieo iaoei
i io?eiaii aiaeioe/ii caeaaeiinoi aeey aecia/aiiy eiiaiaoe/ieo
ia?aiao?ia ?ooo ?iai/eo eiioaeia?ia, ?o aiieiooaeii-neeiai
oa?aeoa?enoeee. I?iaaaeaii ii?iaiyeueiee aiaeic niiniaia caoaeaeaiiy
eieeaaiue: eiiaiaoe/iiai, aeeiaii/iiai i eiiaiiiaaiiai.

5. Aeeiiaii aenia?eiaioaeueii aeineiaeaeaiiy ?ooo oaoiieiai/iiai
caaaioaaeaiiy a caeaaeiinoi aiae ia?aiao?ia iaeeaaeaiiai aia?aoeieiiai
iiey i ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo ea?oaaiiy iei. Noi?ioeueiaaii i?eioeeie
ooeeicaoei? ?icnithaaii? iaoaii/ii? aia?ai? caaaioaaeaiiy i ia?aoai?aiiy
?? a aeiiiiiaeiee ?oo ia?iaethaaieo aeaoaeae.

6. ?ic?iaeaii aa?iaioe eiino?oeoeaiiai aeeiiaiiy aia?aoeieieo iaoei i
iaoiaeeea ?o i?aeoe/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy, aaeaioiaaieo aei ia?iaee iniiaieo
oeiia iino?oiaioo: aia?aoia aenieiai oeneo, ai?ie/i?icaeueiiai,
ao?iaiai, iaoaei?icaeueiiai, ooaiiiaiai oiui.

I?aeoe/ia oeiiiinoue. ?aaeicaoeiy ?iaioe.

Ia aaci oai?aoe/ieo i aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeineiaeaeaiue ?ica’ycaia
nooo?aa iaoeiaa i?iaeaia ?ic?iaee oa aaeineiiaeaiiy iaeaaeiaiiy i
aia?aoeieieo iaoei aeey ?icii?ii-ciioeithaaeueii? oa?iiieenethaaeueii? i
aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia ?iciiai oeieueiaiai
i?ecia/aiiy.

?ica’ycie aeaii? i?iaeaie aeeiiaii oeyoii iioeiicaoei? ia?aiao?ia, ui
aecia/athoue yeinoue ia?iaee aeaoaeae ci neeaaeiith oi?iith iiaa?oiiue
ci cia/iith aeoiaeiith oi?noeinoth ic a?aooaaiiyi oiceei-iaoaii/ieo
aeanoeainoae ia?iaethaaieo iaoa?iaeia, aaiiao?e/ieo oa ianiaeo
oa?aeoa?enoee. Aeey ?aaeicaoei? ?ic?iaeaieo noai ciioeiaiiy: ia?iaee
“aiaaae”, a cae?iieaiiio noaii, i?e iaaeaiii aeaoaeyi aeiaeaoeiaiai ?ooo
– ni?iaeoiaaii, aeaioiaeaii oa ai?iaaaeaeaii o ae?iaieoeoai ?yae
aia?aoeieieo iaoei c ?iai/ei ia’?iii eiioaeia?a: 5 e, 10 e, 15 e, 60 e,
100 e, 120 e, a oiio /enei, eiiaa??ia aia?aoeieia iaoeia aeey ciioeiaiiy
eaciaiai iino?oiaioa, aeaioeiioaeia?ia oi?iaa iaoeia c iaiiioeyoi?ii
ea?onaeueiiai oeio aeey ia?iaee e?oiiiaaaa?eoieo aeaoaeae.

Aieueoa /anoeia aeineiaeaeaiue aeeiioaaeanue o oanoe ainiaeiaiai?ieo i
aeaio aea?aeathaeaeaoieo ?iaioao. A ?aieao iiaeaaeocaai? i?ia?aie
“Oaa?aei nieaae” aeeiiaia ?iaioa ic ciioeiaiiy ai?ie/iai iino?oiaioa
aia?iia?iaeith. Oea aeicaieeei ia oieueee iiaeaeueoe iioeiinoue
oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia, a e iiaeaiooaaoe iiaa?oith oeeo ae?iaia aeey
cii/oaaiiy i?eii?i i?e iayiii. Ia IAI “Eueaiaaeiaciino?oiaio” noai?aia
aeieueieoey ic ciioeiaiiy aia?aoia aenieiai oeneo oa?iiieenethaaeueiei i
aia?aoeieiei iaoiaeaie.

Aeey iinoeoooo iaaeoaa?aeeo iaoa?iaeia IAI Oe?a?ie ni?iaeoiaaia oa
ai?iaaaeaeaia aia?aoeieia iaoeia aeey ciioeiaiiy ao?iaiai iino?oiaioo.
Oaoiieiaiy oa iaeaaeiaiiy aeey ciioeiaiiy ae?iaia ic aenieiiioeieo
iaoa?iaeia ai?iaaaeaeaia ia Aiiieoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iiaeoeiieeiaiio
caaiaei, Aiiieoeueeiio iino?oiaioaeueiiio caaiaei, ia IAI “Oi?o”.

Ia aaci noai?aii? eaai?aoi?i? o Aiiieoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio iinoeoooi i?iaaaeaii iaeia ?anioaeieainueea
(1991 ?.) oa o?e Iiaeia?iaeieo (1992 ?., 1994 ?., 1998 ?.)
iaoeiai-oaoii/ieo eiioa?aioei? c ieoaiue aia?aoeieii? oaoiiee. C 1994 ?.
aeaea?oueny Anaoe?a?inueeee iaoeiai-oaoii/iee aeo?iae “Aia?aoei? a
oaoiioei oa oaoiieiaiyo”.

Ai?iaaoeiy ?iaioe.

?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aeiiiaiaeaeenue ia 40 iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioeiyo i
naiiia?ao, a oiio /enei ia: Ananithciie iaoeiai-oaoii/iie ia?aaei
“Niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoaiinai?i/iiai i?iecaiaenoaa e iooe ?acaeoey
oaoiieiaee” – Ai?iiaae, 1991 a.; Iiaeia?iaeiie iaoeiai-oaoii/iie
eiioa?aioei? “Niaa?oainoaiaaiea e ?acaeoea ioaeaei/ii-ca/enoiie,
oeieoiie e iiaa?oiinoii-ieanoe/aneie ia?aaioee aeaoaeae”, Aiiieoey, 1992
?.; Ae?oaie iiaeia?iaeiie iaoeiai-oaoii/iie eiioa?aioei? “I?eiaiaiea
eieaaaiee a oaoiieiaeyo: ?an/ao e i?iaeoe?iaaiea iaoei aeey ?aaeecaoeee
oaoiieiaee” – Aiiieoey, 1994 ?.; Iiaeia?iaeiie iaoeiai-oaoii/iie
eiioa?aioei? “Iiaua oaoiieiaee e nenoaiu ia?aaioee a iaoeiino?iaiee” –
Aeiiaoee, 1994 ?.; Iiaeia?iaeiie iaoeiai-oaoii/iie eiioa?aioei?
“I?ia?anneaiay oaoieea e oaoiieiaee iaoeiino?iaiey”- Aeiiaoee, 1995 ?.;
Iiaeia?iaeiiio neiiicioii “Agriculture: Science and practice” – Lviv
(Ukrainian – Austrian). – 1996; XXXVI Sympozjon PTMTS “Modelowanie w
mechanice”. – Cliwice (Poland). – 1997; III Iiaeia?iaeiie
iaoeiai-oaoii/iie eiioa?aioei? “Aia?aoei? a oaoiioei oa oaoiieiaiyo”
-?aiaoi?iy. -1998; ia naiiia?ao “I?eiaiaiea iecei/anoioiuo eieaaaiee a
oaoiieiae/aneeo oeaeyo” – ?inoia-ia-Aeiio, – 1988-97 a.a.;
Iiaeia?iaeiiio naiiia?i “I?iaeaie o?iaieiai?”. – Oaoiieiai/iee
oiiaa?neoao Iiaeieey. – Oiaeueieoeueeee. – 1998.

Ioaeieaoei?.

Iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoei? iioaeieiaaii a 110 iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo, c yeeo 37
neeaee ?? iniiao. Na?aae ieo: 2 iiiia?aoi?, 8 iaeiiiniaiaeo oa 11
niieueieo noaoae a iaoeiaeo oaoiaeo cai?eao oa aeo?iaeao, 5 aaoi?nueeeo
naiaeioeoa ia aeiaoiae i 2 iaoaioe Oe?a?ie, 9 iioeo ioaeieaoeie.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. A ?iaioao [1, 2] noi?ioeueiaaii iniiaii
caaea/i aeineiaeaeaiue, i?iaaaeaii oai?aoe/ii ?iaioe i aiaeic io?eiaieo
?acoeueoaoia, ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aeineiaeaeaiue i cai?iiiiiaaii
no?oeoo?ii noaie aia?aoeieieo iaoei. A ?iaioao [3, 5-14] noi?ioeueiaaii
caaea/i aeineiaeaeaiue, ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea ?o ?ioaiiy, iaa?oioiaaia oa
?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeineiaeaeaiue oa eiiieaeniiai
aecia/aiiy aiieiooaeii-/anoioieo, oa aiieiooaeii-neeiaeo oa?aeoa?enoee
aia?aoeieieo nenoai, ui aeineiaeaeoaaeenue. A ?iaioao [22, 23, 25-28]
cai?iiiiiaaii iniiaii aiaeiioii iciaee, ui neeaee ciino aeiaoiaeia. A
?iaioao [34-36] i?iaaaeaii aenia?eiaioaeueii aeineiaeaeaiiy,
ocaaaeueiaii ?o ?acoeueoaoe, yei ia?aai?aii o ae?iaie/eo oiiaao.

Ianya i no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoei?. Aeena?oaoeieia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c
anooio, oanoe ?icaeieia i aeniiaeia, aeeeaaeaia ia 325 noi?iieao
ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, iinoeoue 155 ?enoieia, 24 oaaeeoei, 234
eioa?aoo?ieo aeaea?aea oa 2 aeiaeaoee, a yeeo i?aaenoaaeaii aeieoiaioe,
ui iiaeoaa?aeaeothoue ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoaoia aeineiaeaeaiue.

Iniiaiee ciino ?iaioe

O anooii aiaeia?aaeaii aeooaeueiinoue i?iaeaie, iaoa i caaea/i
aeineiaeaeaiue, iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoaoia oa ?o i?aeoe/ia
cia/aiiy, ai?iaaoeiy i ?acoeueoaoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaie o
ae?iaieoeoai.

O ia?oiio ?icaeiei – “Noai i?iaeaie i iinoaiiaea caaea/ aeineiaeaeaiiy”
aecia/aia ?ieue i iinoea oaa?aeeo nieaaia o no/aniie i?iieneiainoi.
Iieacaii, ui aoaeoeaiinoue canoinoaaiiy oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia
aaciina?aaeiuei caeaaeeoue aiae yeinoi i oi/iinoi iiaeaioiaee ?iai/eo
iiaa?oiiue aei aenieoaoaoei?, aiae aeai?o iaeaieueo ?aoeiiiaeueieo
iaoiaeia i ?aaeeiia ia?iaee. Aiaeic oaoiieiai/ieo i?ioeania aeaioiaeaiiy
iino?oiaioa ?iciiai i?ecia/aiiy iieaco?, ui ia caeeth/ieo iia?aoeiyo
i?aeoe/ii ia aaea?oueny oieeiooe iiyae aeaoaeoia, yei cieaeothoue
i/ieoaaio noieeinoue ae?iaia. Iaa?oioiaaii iaiaoiaeiinoue iia?aoeie
ciioeiaiiy i iieacaii iinoea oeeo iia?aoeie a caaaeueiiio oeeeei
aeaioiaeaiiy oaa?aeinieaaiiai iino?oiaioa. Ooiaeaiaioaeueii oai?aoe/ii i
aenia?eiaioaeueii aeineiaeaeaiiy a aaeoci aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee aeeiiaii
?.N. Aooaiaciaei, A.I. Aaai/aaei, ?.O. Aii/a?aae/ai, I.Ae.Aeaiiniaei,
TH.A. Aeiiiaei, TH.?. Eiieeiaei, A.A. Eaaaiaeaeii, ?.A. Iieioiaei, A.I.
Iioo?a?aei, TH.I. Naiiaeoinueeei, A.I. Na?ai?aei, A.A. Na?aie, E.?.
Na?aetheii, A.I. Noaa/ai, I.TH.Oa?inueeei, oa ?o o/iyie, a oaeiae
?ic?iaee aiaeiieo caei?aeiiieo oi?i “Roto-Finish”, “Walter Trowal”,
“Wibral”, “Lorco”, “Almco”, “Sweco Vibronege”, “Tip-Ton”, “Spalek”,
“Poesler” aeicaieeee cia?aoe aaeeeee iioi?iaoeieiee ia’?i (aeecueei 300
?iciiaeaeia eiino?oeoeaieo noai) ocaaaeueieoe ?o i cai?iiiioaaoe
eeaneoieaoeith iaoei aeey ia?iaee aeaoaeae o aieueiia?aioeueiaaiiio
na?aaeiaeui. A iniiao eeaneoieaoei? iieeaaeaii i?eioeei aca?iiaei?
?iai/iai eiioaeia?a, aeiiiiiaeii? inianoee, ia?iaethth/iai na?aaeiaeua
oa ia?iaethaaieo aeaoaeae. Aieiaiith ia?aaeoiiaith o ?ic?iaoei
i?ia?aneaieo ?iciiaeaeia aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee ? eiiaiioaaiiy
aia?aoeieieo iieia i iaeeaaeaiiy aeaio oa aieueoa aeaeia aia?ai?
(iaoaii/ii? oa oiii/ii?, iaoaii/ii? oa oaieiai?, aeaeo?e/ii? oa ii.)
Canoinoaaiiy aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee ye ?icii?ii-ciioeithth/i? aeicaiey?
iiaeaeueoe iioeiinoue oaa?aeeo nieaaia i?e noaoe/iiio caeii ia 30-40%,
oaea?io a’yceinoue o 2 ?ace, aeiaaiai/iinoue aiae ooiie ia ii?yaeie,
a’yceinoue ?oeioaaiiy i?eiiaa?oiaaeo oa?ia a 1,8-2,2 ?ace, noaaieicoaaoe
oaa?aeinoue ii anie iiaa?oii i iie?aueoe cii/oaaiinoue ?? i?eii?i.

Oaaeeoey 1. Iineiaeiaiinoue oiiioieo iia?aoeie i?e aeaioiaeaiii
oaa?aeinieaaieo

ae?iaia c aeei?enoaiiyi oa?iiieenethaaiiy (OI) oa aia?iia?iaee (AI)

Aea: OI – oa?iiieenethaaeueia ia?iaea, AI (aa?ac.) – aia?iaa?aceaia
ia?iaea,

AI (eoei) – ia?iaea a na?aaeiaeui oaa?aeinieaaieo eoeue.

· – Aeaii io?eiaii ca ?acoeueoaoaie i?iieneiaeo aei?iaoaaiue oa
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o

ae?iaieoeoai.

Iioeiicaoeiy ?aaeeiia AI caeienith?oueny ia iniiai ia?aiao?a no?oeoo?ii?
iaiaeii?iaeiinoi iaoa?iaeo r, ui ciioeith?oueny. Iiia?aaei?
oa?iiieeneaiiy oaa?aeeo nieaaia ia iio?iaio oiaueio i ianooiia
aia?iaa?aceaia ia?iaea aeey aeaeaeaiiy ieneaeia aeicaiey? ia oieueee
?aaeeeaeueii (aei 103 a/aiae.i2) iioaineoieoaaoe i?ioean ?icii?ii?
ia?iaee, a oaeiae caeienieoe eieaeueio ia?iaeo i a cia/iie ii?i
iiaeaeueoe oa?aeoa?enoeee iioeiinoi nieaaia. Canoinoaaiiy OI i AI, yei a
oaoiieiai/iiio aiaeiioaiii aeeeth/athoue aeei?enoaiiy ?icaeueiiai
iino?oiaioo i aiae?iciythoueny aiae inioth/eo oaoiieiaie iaia?a?aiei
aaaaoinoi?iiiii aieeaii ia aanue eiiieaen iaeii/anii ia?iaethaaieo
iiaa?oiiue ia?oi? ae?iaia, aiaee?eaa? oe?iei iiaeeeainoi aeey
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ae?iaieoeoai i?e aeaioiaeaiii oaa?aeinieaaiiai
iino?oiaioo. A oaae. 1 iiaeaia iineiaeiaiinoue oiiioieo iia?aoeie c
aeei?enoaiiyi OI i AI, yei ia oieueee ciiiathoue aeaoaeoe iiia?aaeiio
iia?aoeie, a i caaacia/othoue iaeneiaeueia ciioeiaiiy oaa?aeeo nieaaia i
iiaeaeuothoue aeiaaiai/iinoue iino?oiaioa a oeieiio.

Aiaeic noaio i?iaeaie aeicaieea noi?ioaaoe iaoo i caaea/i
aeineiaeaeaiue, yei aeeeaaeaii a ianooiieo ?icaeieao.

O ae?oaiio ?icaeiei – “Iioeiicaoeiy noai ?icii?ii? i oi?iiooai?thth/i?
oa?iiieenethaaeueii? ia?iaee ca e?eoa?iyie i?iaeoeoeaiinoi i oi/iinoi” –
?icaeyiooi eiiieaen ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo c ?ic?iaeith iaoiaeia
oa?iiieeneaiiy i iaoiaeeee aeai?o iaeaaeiaiiy ia/ae.I?e iaa?iaaiii
oaa?aeeo nieaaia nenoaie WC-Co a eeniaaiiniiio na?aaeiaeui aei
oaiia?aoo?e 800iN i aeua ia iiaa?oii ooai?ththoueny iaaecae/aeii e?eoei
ieneaee aieueo?aio i eiaaeueoo, iie?ioaa?aeinoue yeeo o 30-45 ?ac ieae/a
aeoiaeiiai iaoa?iaeo. Ianooiia aia?iaa?aceaia ia?iaea oaeaeei (8-12 oa)
aeaeaey? ieneaee. I?e iaciiiieo oa?iiaeeiaii/ieo oiiaao aeeaeia
ieeneaiiai oa?o dh i?iii?oeieia /ano aeo?eiee dt (?en. 1), oiaoi dh=Kdt,
aea

A – noaea; Q – aia?aiy aeoeaaoei?; R – aaciaa noaea; On – oaiia?aoo?a
ia/i; DT – iaaeeeoeiaa oaiia?aoo?a ieenethaaii? iiaa?oii, aeeeeeaia
aecioa?ii/iei oa?aeoa?ii i?ioeano.

Ia ?en. 2 iieacaii aieea ?aaeeiia ieeneaiiy ia cia/aiiy iaaeeeoeiai?
oaiia?aoo?e DT.

?aaoethaaiiy oaeaeeinoi ieeneaiiy caeienith?oueny ciiiith oaiia?aoo?e i
aa?ithaaiiyi ia?oeiaeueiiai oeneo eeniy o aaciaiio na?aaeiaeui.

I?e ?ica’ycoaaiii oaoiieiai/ieo caaea/ ciyooy i?eioneo iaeiaeiai?
oiaueie ia iiaa?oiyo, iaaeinyaeieo oeiooaaiiyi, iai?eeeaae, ooaiiao,
aieieao, anoaaeao aeey aia?aoia aenieiai oeneo, iioeo aeaoaeyo
?aaeico?oueny oaea noaia.

?en. 1. Caeaaeiinoue aeeaeie ieeneaiiy h aiae oaiia?aoo?e ia/i (1 –
800iN; 2 -850iN; 3 – 875iN; 4 – 900iN) i /ano aeo?eiee t

?en. 2. Aieea ?aaeeiia ieeneaiiy ia cia/aiiy iaaeeeoeiai? oaiia?aoo?e 1
– On = 800iN; 2 – On = 825iN; 3 – On = 850iN; 4 – On = 825iN; 5 – On
= 850iN (1, 2, 3 – iiaio?y, 4, 5 – eenaiue)

OI i?iaiaeeoueny o aa?iaoe/iiio eiioaeia?i, eoaee iiaea?oueny
?ic?aoiaaia eieueeinoue ieenethaa/a, yea aiaeiiaiaea? iaiaoiaeiiio
ia’?io oa?o, eio?ee ciiia?oueny. Iiaa?oii, yei ia iiaeeyaathoue
ia?iaoei, iie?eaathoue caoenieie iaiaceaie ia neeieaoiie iniiai.
Oaiia?aoo?o ia/i i?ecia/athoue a iaaeao 800-820iN. A oeeo oiiaao
ia?aa?ia iiaa?oii ia ia?aaeuo? 5iN, ui caaacia/o? iaeiaeiao oaeaeeinoue
ieeneaiiy ii anie iiaa?oii, yeith a aiia ia aoea
neeaaeiith.Oi?iiooai?aiiy OI ?aaeico?oueny oeyoii noai?aiiy a?aaei?ioa
oaiia?aoo? ia iiaa?oii, aai eiio?ieueiaaiith iiaea/ath ieenethaa/a aei
ia?iaethaaieo aeieyiie iiaa?oii.

I?e caaeaiii i?ioieth (?en. 3, e?eai ?, ??, ???) iiaa?oii ooieoei?th
y=f(x) oaeaeeinoue ia?aiiuaiiy V-oeeeiiae?e/ii? caaioiaee ic aiicaea
eanaoe a ieenethth/a na?aaeiaeua a caeaaeiinoi aiae iaiaoiaeiiai
i?ioieth aeae?a?oueny oaeei /eiii.

?. O aeiaaeeao, eiee iaiaoiaeii io?eiaoe iioeeee i?ioieue c eooii iaoeeo
aeioe/ii? aei i?ioieth c aieiaith iiaa?oiath ia aieueoa 45i iaiaoiaeii,
uia

??. Aeey io?eiaiiy eiionii? iiaa?oii ia oeeeiiae?e/ieo caaioiaeao aai
ii?aiiaeaeueii? ia i?eciaoe/ieo oaeaeeinoue ia?aiiuaiiy caaioiaie
noiniaii eanaoe i?ecia/a?oueny noaeith, oiaoi

?en. 3. Noaia ?aaeicaoei? niiniao oi?iiooai?aiiy:

1 – caaioiaea oeeeiiae?e/ii? oi?ie; 2 – caoenia eanaoa; 3 – ooiaoa/;

?, ??, ??? – oi?ie io?eiaieo iiaa?oiiue

?en. 4. Noaia aecia/aiiy i?ioieth oi?iiooai?thth/iai ae?aio

???. O aeiaaeeao, eiee i?ioieue aaiooee, oaeaeeinoue ia?aiiuaiiy
caaioiaee i?ecia/a?oueny iaioith oaeaeeinoi ieeneaiiy i

Oaoii/ii aeaiee niinia aeey io?eiaiiy eiionii? oanee ia coaeao ao?iaeo
aeieio ?aaeico?oueny a ia/ao i?ioiaeiiai oeio, aeii yeeo aiaeoai?th?
iio?iaiee caeii ia?aiiuaiiy coaeia o aa?oeeaeueiiio iai?yieo noiniaii
eanaoe. I?e i?inoaaiii ic noaeith oaeaeeinoth eioeia acaeiaae ?iai/iai
i?inoi?o ia/i ic eanaoaie, caiiaiaieie coaeaie, inoaiii, eiioaooth/e c
i?ioieueiei aeiii ia/i, aenoaathoueny ic eanao, ooai?thth/e iio?iaiee
i?ioieue oanee.

Niiniae oi?iiooai?aiiy ic canoinoaaiiyi niaoeiaeueieo ae?aiia
iiaoaeiaaii ia aeei?enoaiii aoaeoo caieueoaiiy ia’?io ieneaeia o 8-10
?acia o ii?iaiyiii c ia’?iii ieenethaaiiai iaoa?iaeo. Iaoiaee/ia iniiaa
aeai?o ?icii?ia ae?aio, yeee ae caaacia/ea io?eiaiiy iio?iaii? oi?ie ia
oaa?aeinieaaiie caaioiaoei, noaiaoe/ii cia?aaeaia ia ?en. 4. Iai?eeeaae,
ia ieineie aeieyioei caaioiaee iio?iaii io?eiaoe nein iiae eooii q. Iiae
oeei aea eooii q aei aeaii? aeieyiee i?eoenea?oueny iiia?aaeiie ae?ai ic
ei?icieii noieeiai iaoa?iaea. A ?acoeueoaoi iiae caaioiaeith i
iiia?aaeiii ae?aiii ooai?th?oueny V-iiaeiaia uieeia, a yeo iiaea?oueny
ieenethaa/, iaa?ioee aei ?iai/i? oaiia?aoo?e 850-950iN. Iiae /an
ieenethaaiiy iiaa?oii ieneaee, ui ooai?ththoueny, caieueoothoueny a
ia’?ii i iinooiiai caiiaiththoue i?inoi? iiae iiia?aaeiii ae?aiii i
caaioiaeith, ouieueiththoueny i noathoue aaciiai?iieeieie aeey
ieenethaa/a. *ei iaioa uieeia, oei ia iaioo aeeaeio aiaeaoaeaoueny
ieeneaiiy. *an aeo?eiee i?ecia/a?oueny oaeei, uia aeeaeia ieeneaiiy h”
a iinoei iaeneiaeueii? uieeie aei?iaithaaea h’. I?eeiath/e aeiiouaiiy,
ui a eiaeiiio ia?a?ici, ia?iaiaeeeoey?iiio ii/aoeiaie iiaa?oii, aonoeia
ieneaeia iaeiaeiaa, io?eiaia iiaa?oiy aoaea oi?iith ae?aia, yea
caaacia/eoue io?eiaiiy neino iiae eooii q. Aeey aeioeeeo iiaa?oiiue
h”=kh’, aea k1.

A ?iaioi oaeiae ?icaeyaeathoueny iioi niiniae oi?iiooai?aiiy (?en. 5,
6), a oaeiae niiniae ic aeei?enoaiiyi iia?oieo ii?ioeia i ii?ioeia, yei
aeoeaii iiaeeiathoue ieenethaa/.

?en. 5. Noaia io?eiaiiy ?icueaiai? iiaa?oii ca aeiiiiiaith

iaaeoiai ia caaioiaeo ae?ioo

?en. 6. Noaia io?eiaiiy eaiaaie ia naa?aeei ca aeiiiiiaith caoeniiai
iie?eooy

Eiiieaenii aeineiaeaeaiiy aieeao ia?aiao?ia i?ioeano ia eiiaoeeo i
oa?aeoa?enoeee iioeiinoii iieacaee oaea. Ca’ycoth/a eiaaeueoiaa oaca
i?iyaey? iaaaaaoi iaioo aeoeaiinoue aei ieeneaiiy, iiae ea?aiae
aieueo?aio. Oiio a i?ioeani ieeneaiiy ia iiaa?oii eiioeaio?aoeiy
eiaaeueoo caaaeaee aieueoa, iiae a ina?aei. OI a na?aaeiaeui “/enoiai”
eenith caieueoo? eiioeaio?aoeith eiaaeueoo ia iiaa?oii. A oeo aeiaaeeao,
eiee iaiaoiaeii canoinoaaoe AI ye ciioeithth/o iiney OI, iaiaoiaeii
i?iaiaeeoe AI a na?aaeiaeui oaea?ieo oie (eoeue).

Aaaeeeaei aoaiii a i?aaiicaoei? OI ? aeai? ia/i. I?e aenia?eiaioaeueiiio
aeineiaeaeaiii eiiaoeee aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai ieeneaiiy
aieueo?aiieiaaeueoiaeo nieaaia anoaiiaeaii, ui iaiaeii?iaeiinoue
oaiia?aoo?iiai iiey a ?iai/ie ciii ia/i i oa?aeoa? eieeaaiue oaiia?aoo?e
a i?ioeanni ia?iaee aaciina?aaeiuei aieeaa? ia ?icnithaaiiy ?icii?ia
ieenethaaieo aeaoaeae. Aieea ?icieoei oaiia?aoo? i?e iaeii/aniie
ia?iaoei ia?oi? ae?iaia aoei ioeiiaii aiaeioe/ii i aenia?eiaioaeueii
ia?aai?aii. Caii? ?icii?ia c?aceia aei i iiney ieeneaiiy iieacaa, ui
iinoieiiaeith/ee iiae /an ia?iaee ia?aiaae oaiia?aoo? a 1% i?ecaiaeeoue
aei ?icieoei ?icii?ia ia?oi? aeaoaeae ia 10% .

E?ii iioeaie, aeeeeeaieo iaiaeii?iaeiinoth oaiia?aoo?iiai iiey a ia/i,
ia ?icnithaaiiy ?icii?ia i?e OI aieeaa? oi/iinoue ?aaoethaaiiy
oaiia?aoo?e. ?c aiaeico oa?aeoa?a i aeeiaiiee eieeaaiue oaiia?aoo?e o
ia/i, aeeeeeaieo iniaeeainoyie nenoai ?aaoethaaiiy, anoaiiaeaii, ui ??
aiaeoeeaiiy aiae caaeaii?, iathoue aeaeyae aacia?a?aieo i aeiaaeeiaeo.
Ia aiieiooaeo i /anoioo eieeaaiue

aieeaathoue iia?oeieiinoue nenoaie ?aaoethaaiiy i oa?iiia?e, eieeaaiiy
iai?oae a ia?aaei, oaiia?aoo?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua oiui. Oiio
ciiio oaiia?aoo?e OI iiaeia i?aaenoaaeoe o aeaeyaei aeiaaeeiai? ooieoei?
/ano O(t). sse i?aaeei, i?e OI iiaeo?eio?oueny ?aaeeiOeaio?iaaiee
aeiaaeeiaee i?ioean Dh(t) iia’ycaiee c oeaio?iaaiei aeiaaeeiaei
i?ioeanii DO(t) eiiieiei iaeii?iaeiei ia?aoai?aiiyi:

(1)

Caiaeii c oai?i?th noaoeiiia?ieo aeiaaeeiaeo ooieoeie, yeui
i?ioean-ooieoeiy Dh(t) iia’ycaia c i?ioeanii-a?aoiaioii DO(t) eiiieiei
iaeii?iaeiei ia?aoai?aiiyi, oi aeey ciaoiaeaeaiiy ei?aeyoeieii? ooieoei?
i?ioeano-ooieoei? Kh(t,t’) iaiaoiaeii aeai/i canoinoaaoe oea
ia?aoai?aiiy aei ei?aeyoeieii? ooieoei? i?ioeano-a?aoiaioo EO(t,t’).
Aiaeic aenia?eiaioaeueii ciaeaeaieo ei?aeyoeieieo ooieoeie iieaco?, ui
aiie iiaeooue aooe iienaii ae?acii:

(2)

aea D – aeenia?niy, a – oaeaeeinoue caaanaiiy, b – /anoioa eieeaaiue, j
– ia?aiao?.

(3)

Aeenia?niy ciyoiai oa?o i?e OI, yea i?iaeiaaeo?oueny, /an t
aecia/a?oueny ca oaeith caeaaeiinoth:

(4)

Ia ?en. 7 i?aaenoaaeaia aenia?eiaioaeueii io?eiaia caeaaeiinoue
na?aaeiueieaaae?aoe/iiai aiaeoeeaiiy ?icii?ia aiae ia?aiao?ia i?ioeano.
Ieeneaiiy aeae?aeenue oaeeie, uia oiaueia ieeneaiiy oa?o caaaeaee
aei?iaithaaea (0,15 ii). ?c caieueoaiiyi /ano t i aiaeiiaiaeii
ciaioaiiyi oaeaeeinoi ieeneaiiy k i oaiia?aoo?e ia/i OI inoioii
ciaioo?oueny aeenia?niy ?icii?ia . Aeniea oi/iinoue ia?iaee iiaea aooe
aeinyaiooa a ia/ao c iaaeineiiaeith nenoaiith ?aaoethaaiiy oaiia?aoo?e.

?en. 7. Caeaaeiinoue na?aaeiueieaaae?aoe/iiai aiaeoeeaiiy aiae
ia?aiao?ia i?ioeano –

oaeaeeinoi ieeneaiiy k, /ano ieeneaiiy t, oaiia?aoo?e ia/i OI; ?, ??,
??? – ia/i c

?icieie nenoaiaie ?aaoethaaiiy oaiia?aoo?e (D, a, b, j )

O o?aoueiio ?icaeiei – “Iaoaiiea aia?aoeieieo eiiaa??ieo iaoei” –
i?aaenoaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/ii-aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeineiaeaeaiue
oa iniiae i?iaeooaaiiy aia?aoeieieo eiiaa??ieo iaoei aeey ?aaeicaoei?
i?ioeano ciioeiaiiy eaciaiai ?icaeueiiai iino?oiaioo i aeai?o iaeaieueo
?aoeiiiaeueiiai i?eaiaeo.A i?ioeani oaoiieiai/ii? ia?iaee o
aieueii-a?aioeueiaaiiio na?aaeiaeui /anoeiee inoaiiueiai iiae aei?th
ciaiioiueiai neeiaiai iiey aacia?a?aii iaoieathoue iiaa?oii aeaoaeae, ui
i?ecaiaeeoue aei iie?i?icaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa?ia, ?o ieanoe/iiai
aeaoi?ioaaiiy oa ni?ey? ?aaeicaoei? icaeiaethaaeueii-ca/enieo i
ciioeithaaeueieo iia?aoeie.

O oiaei iaa?oiooaaiiy eiino?oeoeaii? noaie aia?aoeieii? iaoeie aeey
ia?iaee eaciaeo iino?oiaioia aoei aeineiaeaeaii aca?iica’ycee iiae
no?oeoo?ieie, oaoiieiai/ieie oa oaoiiei-aeiiiii/ieie ia?aiao?aie
onoaiiaee. Oae, iniiaieie e?eoa?iyie i?e i?iaeooaaiii noai
aia?icaoaeaeaiiy neoaoaaee iiiiiicaoeiy aia?aiaeo?ao ia i?eaiae oa
aeeiaii/ii iaaaioaaeaiiy ia iii?ii aocee i?eaiaeiiai aaeo. A iniiao aoa
iieeaaeaiee eiiaa??iee i?eioeei, yeee aeicaieea ?aaeicoaaoe
aacia?a?aiinoue, aeeiaii/iinoue oa ni?yiiaaiinoue i?ioeano ia?iaee;
caaacia/ea i?iii?oeieiinoue oa aca?iiocaiaeaeaiinoue iiae iniiaieie
neeaaeiaeie oaoiieiai/iiai oeeeeo, i?inoioo aaoiiaoecaoei? oa
iiaeeeainoue aoaeoeaiiai iiae’?aeiaiiy iaoeie aei caaaeueii? eiii?
aeaioiaeaiiy iino?oiaioo. E?ii oiai, ia iniiai aeineiaeaeaiiy iaoiaeo
caie?oaeaiiy ?icaeueii? e?iiee iino?oiaioo aeey iiaeaeuaiiy eiai
aenieoaoaoeieieo aeanoeainoae aoei aeiaaaeaii aoaeoeaiinoue oa
?aoeiiiaeueiinoue ?aaeicaoei? caie?oaeaiiy aia?aoeieiith ia?iaeith.

A ?ic?iaeaiie eiiaa??iie aia?iiaoeii (?en. 8) aio/ea no?i/ea 1 ioiieth?
aieiai aeenee 10 oa nenoaio iii?ieo aaeeeia 4, 5, 6, 7, aeaa c yeeo
/a?ac i?oaeio iiaeaineo c’?aeiaii c ei?ionii onoaiiaee, ui aeicaiey?
?aaoethaaoe iaiaoiaeiee iaoya no?i/ee.

Aaeee 7 ia? ie?aiee i?eaiae, ui coiiaeth? iiaeeeainoue i?eioniaiai ?ooo
aeanoe/iiai aeaiaioo. ?iai/a eaia?a iaoeie noai?th?oueny iiaa?oiyie
no?i/ee 1 oa aieiaeo aeeneia 10. Ca aeaii? eiino?oeoei? aeanoe/ia
no?i/ea iaeii/anii neoaeeoue iinoeai aeey e?iieaiiy aeaoaeae 11 oa
noai?th? ?ooiia aeieua ?iai/iai eiioaeia?a. I?eaiaeiee aae 8
aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a ?icoaoiao?oueny a oeaio?aeueiie aooeoei eaia?e aeey
ia?iaee, ui aea? iiaeeeainoue i?aeoe/ii aeeeth/eoe ooai?aiiy “canoieieo”
cii o iani oaoiieiai/iiai na?aaeiaeua. Iayaiinoue aenoeaio?eeiaiai
i?eaiaeiiai aaeo oa

i?ioeaaa 9 oa?aeoa?ecothoue a aeaiie iaoeii eiiaiaoe/ia
aia?icaoaeaeaiiy. I?ioa oaeee eiino?oeoeaiee aeaiaio, ye ieaooi?ia 3, ui
i?oaeii iie?a?oueny ia ?aio, i?eoaiaiia aeeiaii/iiio aia?ii?eaiaeo. Oiio
?icaeyiooo noaio caoaeaeaiiy eieeaaiue iacaaee eiiaiiiaaiith. Aeaia
eiiiiiiaea aia?aoeieii? iaoeie aeicaiey? ?aoeiiiaeueii aeei?enoaoe ??
no?oeoo?ii aeaiaioe a i?ioeani ia?iaee eaciaiai iino?oiaioo aai
aeaoaeae, ui eaaei iioeiaeaeothoueny; iiaeaeuo? oaoiieiai/io aio/einoue
oa oiiaa?naeueiinoue iaoeie; noai?th? ni?eyoeeai oiiae aeey
aaoiiaoecaoei? i?ioeano ia?iaee.

C iaoith aeai?o ?aoeiiiaeueii? noaie aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a aeey
aeineiaeaeoaaii? aia?iiaoeie ye aeueoa?iaoeaii aa?iaioe aoee
aeei?enoaii: aeeiaii/iee i?eaiae aeaaaeainiiai oeio, eiiaiaoe/iee
i?eaiae c aei?noeei oaooiii, eiiaiiiaaiee i?eaiae aac a?iaiiaaaeaiiy
noaoeiiia?ieo ian oa eiiaiiiaaiee i?eaiae ic noaoe/iei aaeainoaaiiyi
(?en. 9).

?en. 8. I?eioeeiiaa noaia eiiaa??ii? aia?aoeieiie iaoeie

?en. 9. ?ic?aooieiai noaie i?eaiaeia: a) aeaaaeainiiai;

a) aenoeaio?eeiaiai; a) eiiaiiiaaiiai aac ?iaiiaaae; a) eiiaiiiaaiiai

c ?iaiiaaaith. 1 – aieiaee aeene m2; 2 – i?eaiaeiee aae m1; 3 – no?i/ea;

4 – aeaaaeain m5; 5 – ieaooi?ia m3; 6 – iiaei?oaeeiaia iiaeainea;

7 – i?ioeaaaa m4

Inoaiiie aia?ii?eaiae oa?aeoa?eco?oueny niiaiaaeaiiyi noaoe/ii? oa
aeeiaii/ii? inae iaoaiicio, ui aeinyaa?oueny a?iaiiaaaeaiiyi
noaoeiiia?ieo ian nenoaie, oiaoi o ?aci aiaenooiinoi a eiioaeia?i
oaoiieiai/iiai caaaioaaeaiiy.

I?iaaaeaii aeineiaeaeaiiy oa aeaaaeaii caeaaeiinoi noaiiaeyoue aeoiaeii
aeaii aeey aiaeico aeeiaiiee aeaii? eiiaa??ii? aia?aoeieii? iaoeie, a
?acoeueoaoi yeiai aeey eiaeii? noaie aia?icaoaeaeaiiy aoee neeaaeaii oa
ae?ioaii ?iaiyiiy ?ooo, io?eiaii caeaaeiinoi aeey aiieiooaeii-/anoioieo
oa aia?aaoe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee aeueoa?iaoeaieo aia?ii?eaiaeia. Aeey
eiiaiiiaaiiai aia?ii?eaiaeo ci noaoe/iei aaeainoaaiiyi ?iaiyiiy ?ooo
nenoaie iathoue aeaeyae:

(5)

aea m0, m1, m3, m4 – aiaeiiaiaeii caaaeueia oa ie?aii iane aeaiaioia
aia?inenoaie (?en. 9, a);

l12, l13, l14 – aiaeiiaiaeii aiaenoaii iiae oeaio?aie ian aeaiaioia, ui
iathoue iane m1, m2, m3, m4;

OE, OI – neee iaoyao eiai? oa i?aai? aieee ianeii/aiii? no?i/ee;

O1, Y1, j1 – ciiuaiiy oa eoo iaa?oaiiy noiniaii eii?aeeiaoieo inae
oeaio?o ian i?eaiaeiiai aaeo aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a;

j2 – eoo iaa?oaiiy ai/ieo aeeneia eiioaeia?a;

j3 – eoo iaa?oaiiy ieaooi?ie;

bE, bI – eooe iaoeeo eiai? oa i?aai? aieie no?i/ee;

ax, ay – eiaoioei?ioe aeaiioi?oaaiiy a oaoiieiai/iiio na?aaeiaeui
aiaeiiaiaeii a

iai?yii ini X, Y;

Nx, Cy, Ca – aei?noeinoue i?oaeieo iii? a iai?yii ini X, Y oa i?e
ne?o/oaaiii ia eoo j3;

J2 – iiiaio iia?oei? aeaiaioa nenoaie c ianith m2;

Ie? – e?ooiee iiiaio ia i?eaiaeiiio aaeo.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa oai?aoe/ieo aeineiaeaeaiue aoei
aeiaaaeaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy eiiaiiiaaiiai aia?ii?eaiaea ic noaoe/iei
aaeainoaaiiyi aeicaiey?: ciaioeoe aia?aiaeo?aoe a 1,5-1,7 ?aca ii?iaiyii
c aeeiaii/iei aia?icaoaeaeoaa/ai, ciaioeoe aiieiooaeo eieeaaiue
i?eaiaeiiai aaea aia?aoi?a a 4,5-7 ?acia, iiaeaeueoe aiieiooaeo
eieeaaiue eiioaeia?a a 1,8-2 ?aca ii?iaiyii c aeeiaii/iei aia?ii?eaiaeii
ca oiiae ?iaiinoi cioooth/eo nee, yei ?icaeaathoueny a aeaieo
iaoaiiciao.

?en. 10. Ii?iaiyeueia ioeiiea noieeinoi aia?iia?iaeaieo (AI) i
iaaia?iia?iaeaieo

(IAI) o?enoi?iiiio o?ac t – oeyo ?icaiiy; a – ciin ii caaeiie iiaa?oii

Aeey ?ic?iaeaii? eiiaa??ii? aia?aoeieii? iaoeie aoea aei?iaoaaia a
i?iieneiaeo oiiaao oaoiieiaiy aia?iciioeiaiiy eaciaiai iino?oiaioa, ia
iniiai yei? i?aaenoaaeaii i?aeoe/ii ?aeiiaiaeaoei? uiaei caeieniaiiy
i?ioeano ia?iaee o a?aioeueiaaiiio na?aaeiaeui aeeneiaeo o?enoi?iiiio oa
aeioeeeo o?ac, ui iinoyoue aeai? oeio ?iai/iai iaiiaithaa/a, /ano
ia?iaee, aiieiooaee oa /anoioe. Ia?iiae noieeinoi aeaiiai iino?oiaioa
iiney aia?iia?iaee ia?aaeuo? ii?iaoeaiee a 1,8-2,2 ?aca (?en. 10).

O /aoaa?oiio ?icaeiei – “Iaoaiiea aia?aoeieieo iaoei c oi?iaei
eiioaeia?ii” – i?aaenoaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeineiaeaeaiue aia?aoeieieo
iaoei, yei caeieniththoue i?inoi?iaee ?oo iiae aei?th neeiai? i
iiiaioii? iaa?iaiiaaaeaiinoi.Iaoiaee/iith iniiaith ?icaeyiooeo ieoaiue
iineoaeeee ?iaioe aeaaeaiiea I.I. Ca?ee c aeeiaiiee aia?aoeieieo
naia?oth/eo iaoei c aa?oeeaeueiei aeaaaeainiei aaeii.

I?eioeeiiaa noaia aia?aoeieii? iaoeie c oi?iaei eiioaeia?ii
i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en. 11. ?iai/ee i?aai iaoeie – eiioaeia?,
anoaiiaeth?oueny ia ?aii ca aeiiiiiaith i?oaeieo aeaiaioia, yei
?iaiiii?ii ?iciiuaii ii eieo, i yaey? niaith oaa?aea oiei ianith I1, ui
ia? oinoue nooiaiae aieueiinoi. Aa?oiy /anoeia eiioaeia?a ia? oi?io
c?icaiiai oi?a ic na?aaeiii ?aaeionii Rn, a ieaeiy /anoeia nie?a?oueny
ia i?oaeii iii?e. Eiioaeia? i?eaiaeeoueny o ?oo aiae aiaeoeaio?iaiai
aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a, ui yaey? niaith anoaiiaeaiee ia iiaeoeiieeao
aa?oeeaeueiee aae, ia yeiio ic aenoeaio?eneoaoaie ra i ri ?iciiuaii aeaa
aeaaaeainieo aaioaaei ic ianaie ma i mi, i?e/iio o aa?oeeaeueiiio
iai?yieo, aaioaaei ?iciiuaii ia aiaenoaii ha i hi aiae oeaio?o ian
eiioaeia?a I – aiaeiiaiaeii. Aia?icaoaeaeoaa/ i?eaiaeeoueny a
iaa?oaeueiee ?oo aiae aeaeo?iaeaeaoia, /a?ac aeanoe/io ioooo.

Ieiueie, ui i?ioiaeyoue /a?ac oeaio?e ian aeaaaeainieo aaioaaeia i ainue
aaea, ooai?ththoue iiae niaith eoo ?icai?ioo aeaaaeainieo aaioaaeia – a.
Aeey aecia/aiiy iieiaeaiiy oi?iaiai eiioaeia?a aeei?enoaii o?e
i?inoi?iai nenoaie eii?aeeiao: ia?ooiia – I’xyz; ?ooiia – Ox’y’z’ – ui
ca’ycaia ic oeaio?ii ian eiioaeia?a, ini yei? iiae /an ?ooo eiioaeia?a
eeoathoueny ia?aeaeueieie aiaeiiaiaeiei inyi ia?ooiii? nenoaie
eii?aeeiao; Ixhz – aei?noei ca’ycaia ic eiioaeia?ii; eii?aeeiaoe oeaio?a
ian eiioaeia?a I o ia?ooiiie nenoaii eii?aeeiao – Xi, Yi, Zi; eooiaa
oaeaeeinoue aeaaaeainiiai aaeo – wa. Aeey ia?aoiaeo aiae ?ooiii? nenoaie
eii?aeeiao aei ia?ooiii? aeei?enoaii eooe Aeea?a-E?eeiaa, ui
aeei?enoiaothoueny o oai?i? ai?ineiiia (?en. 12).

?oo eiioaeia?a iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye noeoiiinoue aeaio ?ooia:
iinooiaeueiiai ?acii ic oeaio?ii ian i noa?e/iiai iaaeiei oeaio?o ian.
Aeeoa?aioeiaeueii ?iaiyiiy iinooiaeueiiai ?ooo eiioaeia?a ?acii ic
oeaio?ii ian iathoue aeaeyae:

(6)

aea ; I – i?eaaaeaia iana ?ooiieo /anoei eiioaeia?a ic a?aooaaiiyi iane
caaaioaaeaiiy; kx, ky, kz – eiaoioei?ioe iai?oaeiiai iii?o ia?aiiuaiiyi
o iai?yieao aiaeiiaiaeieo inae; Cx, Cy, Cz – eiaoioei?ioe aei?noeinoi
i?oaeii? iiaeainee eiioaeia?a o iai?yieao aiaeiiaiaeieo inae;

F – ?iaiiaeieia aeioooth/eo nee.

Aeeoa?aioeiaeueii ?iaiyiiy noa?e/iiai ?ooo eiioaeia?a iaaeiei oeaio?o
ian io?eiaii ic aeeiaii/ieo ?iaiyiue Aeea?a:

(7)

aea Jx, Jh, Jz – iiiaioe iia?oei? eiioaeia?a noiniaii aieiaieo
oeaio?aeueieo inae iia?oei?; wx, wh, wz – i?iaeoei? aaeoi?a eooiai?
oaeaeeinoi eiioaeia?a ia aiaeiiaiaeii ini; kq, ky, kj – eiaoioei?ioe
a’yceiai iii?o o aiaeiiaiaeieo iai?yieao; Cq, Cy, Cj – eiaoioei?ioe
aei?noeinoi i?oaeii? iiaeainee eiioaeia?a o iai?yieao aiaeiiaiaeieo
ia?aiiuaiue; L – ?acoeueooth/ee iiiaio aeioooth/eo nee.

?en. 11. I?eioeeiiaa noaia aia?aoeieii? iaoeie c oi?iaei eiioaeia?ii

?en. 12. Ia?aoai?aiiy nenoai eii?aeeiao i aeeiaii/iee aaeio, ui
iaa?oa?oueny

O caaaeueiiio aeiaaeeo nenoaio aeaio aca?iiia?ooiieo aiaeoeaio?iaeo nee,
ui aeieeathoue i?e iaa?oaiii aeaaaeainieo aaioaaeia iaaeiei
aa?oeeaeueiiai aaeo, iiaeia caanoe aei iaa?oaeueiiai aeeiaii/iiai
aaeioa, a yeiio ieiueia aei? ?acoeueooth/iai iiiaioo L, ia?iaiaeeeoey?ia
?iaiiaeieiie aeioooth/eo nee F.

?ica’yceii ?iaiyiue (7) ? nenoaia ?iaiyiue:

(8)

aea jF – ii/aoeiaa oaca ai?eciioaeueieo eieeaaiue, A0 – ai?eciioaeueia
neeaaeiaa aiieiooaee eieeaaiue eiioaeia?a, ui aei?iaith?:

sseui oi?iai eiioaeia?e neiao?e/ii noiniaii aa?oeeaeueii? ini, oi No=Ny;
Cq=Cy; Jx=Jh. ?ica’yceii ?iaiyiue (8) ? nenoaia:

(9)

aea jL – ii/aoeiaa oaca aa?oeeaeueieo eieeaaiue, A0 – aiieiooaea eooa
iiai?ioo eiioaeia?a noiniaii oeaio?aeueii? ai?eciioaeueii? ini, ui
aei?iaith?:

Ai?eciioaeueii eieeaaiiy oeaio?o ian eiioaeia?a aeeeeeaii iaa?oaeueiith
?iaiiaeieiith aeioooth/eo nee F, a aa?oeeaeueii eieeaaiiy eiioaeia?a
noiniaii oeaio?a ian – iaa?oaeueiei ?acoeueooth/ei iiiaioii aeioooth/eo
nee L, ieiueia aei? yeiai ia?iaiaeeeoey?ia ?iaiiaeieiie F. Eoo cnoao oac
iiae aa?oeeaeueieie i ai?eciioaeueieie neeaaeiaeie eieeaaiue aoaea
?iaiei:

Oi/ee eiioaeia?a caeieniththoue eieeaaiiy ca o?a?eoi?iyie, yei
i?iaeoothoueny ia ai?eciioaeueio ieiueio Ixy o aeaeyaei eie ic
?aaeionii:

(10)

aea ri – aiaenoaiue aiae aeineiaeaeoaaii? oi/ee aei oeaio?a ian
eiioaeia?a; di – eoo iiae ?aaeionii-aaeoi?ii aeineiaeaeoaaii? oi/ee i
oeaio?aeueiith ieiueiith eiioaeia?a (ieiueia, ui ia?iaiaeeeoey?ia aei
ini i?eaiaeiiai aeaaaeainiiai aaea i i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac oeaio? ian
eiioaeia?a). Aa?oeeaeueii neeaaeiai eieeaaiue oei?? oi/ee aoaeooue
?iaieie:

Aoaeue-yea oi/ea eiioaeia?a i?e ?iaioi aia?iiaoeie iieno? i?inoi?iao
caieiooo e?eao – aeiin. Eoo iaoeeo ieiueie o?a?eoi?i? eieeaaiue
aeiaieueii? oi/ee aei ai?eciioaeueii? ieiueie

Oi/ eiioaeia? ? aei?noeei iaaeaoi?iiaaiei, ca aeaieo oiia, oieii, ?oo
oi/ie eiai iiaa?oii iiaeia i?aaenoaaeoe ye ?iciianthaeaeaiiy o iueiio
aiaeo/eo iiia?a/ii? oa iicaeiaaeiuei? oaeeue. I?e/iio, o?iio oeeo oaeeue
yaey? niaith ieiueio, ui i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac aa?oeeaeueio ainue
eiioaeia?a, a aeiaaeeia caeaaeeoue aiae aiaenoaii oeaio?a ian
eiioaeia?a. Ioaea, ia iiaa?oii eiioaeia?a caaaeaee aeeaaea?oueny
aeiaaeeia iaeii?? oaeei i oaeeueiaa /enei, ?iaia iaeeieoei. O noa?e/iie
nenoaii eii?aeeiao ?iaiyiiy oeeo oaeeue iaoeiooue aeaeyae:

(11)

aea j0 – aiieiooaea eooiaeo eieeaaiue oi/ie eiioaeia?a o ai?eciioaeueiie
ieiueii noiniaii iiethna ia?ooiii? noa?e/ii? nenoaie eii?aeeiao, ui
?iaia:

?en. 13. Caeaaeiinoue eooa iaoeeo ieiueie eieeaaiue oi/ie iiaa?oii
eiioaeia?a aei

iai?yieo ai?eciioaeueii? ini – e i eooa iaoeeo ieiueie eieeaaiue oi/ie
iiaa?oii

eiioaeia?a aei ai?eciioaeueii? ieiueie – e’ aiae eooa ?icai?ioo
aeaaaeainieo

aaioaaeia – a: ———– oai?aoe/ia; – – – – – aenia?eiaioaeueia

Oi/ee iiaa?oii eiioaeia?a, ui caeieniththoue ?oo, oa?aeoa?iee aeey
aiaeo/i? iiia?a/ii? oaeei, ia ?icieo aeieyieao oei?? oaeei ?ooathoueny
ic ?icieie ciiiieie ca aaee/eiith i iai?yieii oaeaeeinoyie o
ai?eciioaeueiiio iai?yieo. O aa?oiie /anoeii iiia?a/ii? oaeei (ia yeie
neio/a na?aaeiaeua noai?th? iaeaieueoee oene ia iiaa?oith eiioaeia?a, a
ioaea neee oa?oy a?aioe na?aaeiaeua ia iiaa?oith eiioaeia?a iathoue
iaeaieueoo aaee/eio) oaeaeeinoue iicaeiaaeiio eieeaaiue niiaiaaea? ca
iai?yieii ic ?iciianthaeaeaiiyi oaeei, i?e/iio iaeneiaeueii? aaee/eie
oaeaeeinoue iicaeiaaeiio eieeaaiue aeinyaa? ia aa?oeii iiia?a/ii? oaeei,
a o ieaeiie /anoeii iiia?a/ii? oaeei (ia yeie a?aioee na?aaeiaeua
?ooathoueny aai c aiae?eaii aiae iiaa?oii eiioaeia?a, aai noai?ththoue
ia ia? iiiiiaeueiee oene) oaeaeeinoue iicaeiaaeiio eieeaaiue ni?yiiaaia
o i?ioeeaaeiee aie. Ioaea, noai?ththoueny oiiae aeey aeieeiaiiy
o?ainii?ooth/iai ?ooo ?iai/iai na?aaeiaeua oi?iaeo eiioaeia?ia o
iai?yieo ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaeei, ui aiaeiai/ii oiiaai aeieeiaiiy
o?ainii?ooth/iai ?ooo oa?o neio/iai na?aaeiaeua ia oaeeueiaeo eiiaa??ao,
ui iienaii aeaaeaiieii ?.O. Aii/a?aae/ai.

Noeoiiinoue aeaio oaeeue, ui ?iciianthaeaeothoueny acaeiaae eieueoeaai?
aini oi?iaiai eiioaeia?a, iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye ?iciianthaeaeaiiy o
oeueiio iai?yieo oaeei, o yeie oi/ee iiaa?oii eiioaeia?a eieeaathoueny
iiae eooii e aei iai?yieo ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaeei. ?ic?iaeaii aeai?eoi
ea?oaaiiy iioieii oee?eoeyoeieiiai ?ooo ?iai/iai na?aaeiaeua.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie ia?iaee aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo iiaoaeiaaia a?aoi/ia
caeaaeiinoue eooa iaoeeo ieiueie eieeaaiue e oi/ee eiioaeia?a aiae eooa
?icai?ioo aeaaaeainieo aaioaaeia – a (?en. 13). A ?acoeueoaoi
?ic?aooieia anoaiiaeaii, ui aiaeiinia iioeaea ia ia?aaeuo? 8%. Io?eiaii
?acoeueoaoe aeicaieythoue aaaaeaoe, ui ?ic?iaeaii aeeiaii/ia oa
iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaei aia?aoeieii? iaoeie c oi?iaei eiioaeia?ii,
aaeaeaaoii ?aaeueiie nenoaii.

Aeey caoaeaeaiiy i?inoi?iaeo eieeaaiue oi?iaiai eiioaeia?a cai?iiiiiaaia
eiino?oeoeiy /ioe?eeaieiaiai eiiaiaoe/iiai i?eaiaea (?en. 14).

Aooeea 8 ia? aenoeaio?eneoao a noiniaii ini iaa?oaiiy, a ?? ciaiioiy
iiaa?oiy iaoeeaia noiniaii ini aioo?ioiuei? iiaa?oii ia eoo q.

?iaiyiiy ?ooo aeiaieueii? k oi/ee eiioaeia?a aoaeooue iaoe oaeee
aeaeyae:

?en. 14. Noaia aia?aoeieii? onoaiiaee c eiiaiaoe/iei i?eaiaeii:

1 – ?aia; 2 – eiioaeia?; 3 – i?oaeiy iiaeainea; 4 – aa?oeeaeueiee aae;

5 – iiaeoeiieee; 6 – eeeiiianiaa ia?aaea/a; 7 – aeaeo?iaeaeaoi;

8 – aenoeaio?eeiaa aooeea c iioeeith oeeeiiae?e/iith ciaiioiueith
iiaa?oiath; 9 -oiiiea; 10 – ?aaeiaeueii-oii?ii iiaeoeiieee; 11, 14 –
aaeee; 12 – oeaioei;

13 – i?ioeaaaeaea Rk- aiaenoaiue aiae k oi/ee aei ini neiao?i? aooeee; w
– eooiaa oaeaeeinoue iaa?oaiiyaaeo; t – /an.

O i’yoiio ?icaeiei – “I?eioeeie i?iaeooaaiiy i eiino?othaaiiy
aia?aoeieieo iaoei aeey ciioeiaiiy oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia” iinoyoueny
oa?aeoa?enoeee neeaaeiaeo aia?aoeieii? oaoiieiai/ii? nenoaie oa iniiae
?o i?iaeooaaiiy.

?en. 15. O?a?eoi?iy eieeaaiiy aeiaieueii? oi/ee eiioaeia?a i
?icoaooaaiiy

ii?iaeueiiai ia?aoeio oeeeiiae?a noiniaii ini iaa?oaiiy

Iniiaii neeaaeiai aia?aoeieii? oaoiieiai/ii? iaoeie aeeth/athoue a naaa:
aia?icaoaeaeoaa/, nenoaio i?oaeieo ca’yceia, ?iai/ee eiioaeia?,
oaoiieiai/ia caaaioaaeaiiy i aeiiiiiaeia iaeaaeiaiiy, yea aeeth/a?:
nenoaio oee?eoeyoei? ciauoaaeueii-ioieiaeaeoaaeueii? ?iaeeie; iaoaiici
caaaioaaeaiiy eiioaeia?a aeaoaeyie oa aeeo/aiiy ?o iiney ia?iaee; aeey
aeaoaeae, ui eaaei iioeiaeaeothoueny, i?eno?i?, ui caiiaiaathoue
aca?iioaea?ia, oa iaaeaiiy aeaoaeyi aeiaeaoeiaeo ?ooia; i?eno?ith aeey
aiaeai?o ciioaiiai iaiiaithaa/a.

I?iaeooaaiiy aia?icaoaeaeoaa/ia oaoiieiai/ieo iaoei iinoeoue aeai?
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeaei aai ?ic?aooieiai? noaie aia?aoeieiiai i?eaiaeo /e
eiai aeueoa?iaoeaieo aa?iaioia, ?ic?aooiie eiiaiaoe/ieo ia?aiao?ia
iaoaiicio, i?iaeooaaiiy i?oaeieo aeaiaioia aia?ii?eaiaeo oa caoiaeia c
aia?i- oa ooiiicieyoei?, ioeiieo ?iaioe iii?ieo aoceia i?eaiaeo oa aeai?
oeio i?eaiaeiiai aeaeaoia ia iniiai aiaeico aia?aaoeee aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a
(?en.16).

I?e oeueiio aeai? iioeiaeueieo cia/aiue ia?aiao?ia aia?aoei? ?
aaaaoie?eoa?iaeueiith caaea/ath oa aeiaaa? eiiieaeniiai aeineiaeaeaiiy
aiieiooaeii-neeiaeo oa?aeoa?enoee iaoeie oa a?aooaaiiy iniaeeainoae oa
aeiia oaoiieiai/iiai i?ioeano. Aeaia caaea/a ae?ioo?oueny a oiaei
aiaeico aeeiaiiee ?ooo ?iai/eo i?aaiia iaoeie oa iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee
?acoeueoaoia aeineiaeaeaiiy, ye i?aaeei, /enaeueieie iaoiaeaie.

?en. 16. Aoaie i?iaeooaaiiy aia?aoeieieo oaoiieiai/ieo iaoei

I?aeoe/ia i?iaeooaaiiy aia?aoeieieo iaoei aeeth/a? iaa?oiooaaiiy aeey
aeaii? oaoiieiai/ii? iia?aoei? noaie iaoeie i aeai? aoaeoeaii?
eiino?oeoei? aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a. ?iai/i /anoioe aecia/athoueny
oaoiieiai?th AI i ciaoiaeyoueny a iaaeao 100-300 n-1. Ia oaeeo /anoioao
iaee?auei aenieoaoaoeieiei oa?aeoa?enoeeai aiaeiiaiaeathoue iia?oeieii
oeie i?eaiaeia. Iiaeae?ath/e ni?yiiaaii neioacii oa neioni?aeaeueii
eieeaaeueii neee, ui noiinii aeithoue ia aeeiioaaeueii i?aaie iaoeie,
iiaeia io?eiaoe aoaeue-yei ieineinii oa i?inoi?iai neeiai ia?aiao?e
aia?aoei?: neee, iiiaioe, aai niieo/aiiy nee oa iiiaioia. Oea aeicaiey?
iaeaea iaiaiaaeaii aa?ithaaoe o?a?eoi?ith ?ooo eiioaeia?a oa cia/ii
?icoe?eoe niaeo? oaoiieiai/iiai aeei?enoaiiy aia?aoeieii? onoaiiaee.

Oa?aeoa? ?ooo aeaiaioia aia?inenoaie aecia/a?oueny ia oieueee
aeanoeainoyie neeiaeo ia?aiao?ia aia?aoei?, aea e no?oeoo?ieie
neeaaeiaeie naii? nenoaie. Oae, ?oo aeaoaeae, ui ia?iaeythoueny o
aia?iiaoeii, aecia/a?oueny, cie?aia, iinoeai ?icoaooaaiiy
aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a, oeiii a’ycae c aeaea?aeii aia?aoei?, aca?iiaei?th c
?iai/ei na?aaeiaeuai oa iioeie oaeoi?aie. Aieueo oiai, aaniethoia
aaee/eia, i?inoi?iaa i?i?ioaoeiy oa oa?aeoa? ciiie o /ani neeiaeo
ia?aiao?ia aia?aoei? caeaaeaoue aiae ?ooo aeaoaeae, ui ia?iaeythoueny;
aiae aeanoeainoae i?eaiaeiiai aeaeaoia, iniaeeainoae i?oaeieo aeaiaioia.

Iniiaieie neeaaeiaeie i?e i?iaeooaaiii eieeaaeueii? oaoiieiai/ii?
nenoaie ? ?ic?aooiie ia?aiao?ia aia?icaoaeaeoaa/ia oa i?oaeii? nenoaie.

Ca ooieoeiiiaeueiei i?ecia/aiiyi i?oaeii a’yci aia?aoeieieo iaoei iiaeia
?icaeieeoe ia i’youe a?oi:

1. I?oaeii a’yci, yei aeeiiothoue ?ieue iiaeainie-aii?oecaoi?ia i
iaeii/anii ? ?aeeiei ca’yceii iiae ?iai/ei eiioaeia?ii oa noaieiith,
ni?eeiathoue aaao aia?oth/eo /anoei iaoei oa icieththoue ?o aiae
noaieie. Ineieueee aia?aoeieii iaoeie, ye i?aaeei, i?aoeththoue o
ca?aciiainiiio ?aaeeii, i?oaeii

iiaeainee iiaeiii aooe aeinoaoiuei i’yeeie, aae aeeeth/eoe ia?aaea/o
aia?aoei? ia noaieio.

2. I?oaeii a’yci ?aciiainieo aia?aoeieieo iaoei, yei iacaeaaeii aiae ?o
eiino?oeoei? aeeiiothoue ?ieue aeoioeyoi?ia aia?ai? i aeei?enoiaothoueny
ye iiaeneethaa/i eieeaaiue. A ?aciiainieo aia?aoeieieo iaoeiao aeaii
a’yci (i?oaeeie, ?ani?e, oi?niiie oiui) aeeiiothoue ?ieue oieueee
iiaeneethaa/ia eieeaaiue i ia ? iiaeaineaie, oiaoi ia ni?eeiathoue aaao
aia?iiaoeie, ineieueee aiie aeineoue /ooeeai aei ciiie aaae eieeaaeueii?
iane.

3. I?oaeii a’yci, yei aeei?enoiaothoueny a o?ainiiniyo (i?oaeii ioooe,
aio/ei aaee, i?oaeii oa?ii?e). Oaei a’yci iiaeiii iaoe caeaoiinoue
eiiiainoaaoe cia/ia ciiuaiiy inae, ui c’?aeiothoue aaee
aiaea?icaoaeaeoaa/ia i aeaeaoiia.

4. I?oaeii a’yci, yei aeeiiothoue ?ieue oieueee c’?aeioaaeueieo
aeaiaioia aia?aoeieieo iaoei ic naeoeieieie eiioaeia?aie. Oaei
c’?aeioaaeueii aeaiaioe iiaeiii caaacia/eoe iio?iaio ?ooiiinoue noiniaii
iaeia iaeiiai noiiaeieo naeoeie, ia ao?a/ath/e i?e oeueiio nai?o
i?oaeieo aeanoeainoae i aaiiao?e/ieo oi?i. Aei oei?? a?oie i?oaeieo
aeaiaioia iiaeia aiaeianoe, cie?aia, oooa?iaeo eiioaeia?ia.

5. I?oaeii aia?iiciethth/i iii?e – aii?oecaoi?e. Aiie ni?eeiathoue iano
ani?? aia?iiaoeie oa icieththoue oeiaeeeai eieeaaiiy aiae ooiaeaiaioo oa
iioiai iaeaaeiaiiy.

Ii eiaeiie ic aeaieo a?oi i?eaaaeaii aiaeic eiino?oeoeaiiai aeeiiaiiy oa
iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo iaeaieueo aoaeoeaieo noai i?oaeieo nenoai.

A i?ioeani caeieniaiiy eieeaaeueiith nenoaiith iaaieo oaoiieiai/ieo
ooieoeie aia?aiy, ui iinoa/a?oueny aeaea?aeii, cie?aia,
aeaeo?iia?aaeith, aeoioeth?oueny ?iai/eie i?aaiaie aia?iiaoeie
(caeaaieueoiai ca neeiaith aai eiiaiaoe/iith noaiaie) oa aeo?a/a?oueny
ia caaacia/aiiy caaeaiiai eieeaaeueiiai ?ooo (aeoeaia aia?aiy o nenoaii)
i caeieaiiy nee aioo?ioiio iii?ia oaoiieiai/ii? nenoaie. Inoaiii
noaiiaeyoue ?aaeoeaii, aeeneiaoeaii, aeaeo?iiaaiioii, iaoaii/ii oa iioi
neee iii?o. ?aaeoeaii neee iii?o neeaaeathoue neee aeaoi?iaoei? o
i?oaeiie nenoaii iiae aei?th iia?oeieiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy; aeeneiaoeaii –
? ianeiaeeii ?icnithaaiiy aia?ai? o oaoiieiai/iiio na?aaeiaeui;
aeaeo?iiaaiioii – coiiaeththoueny aeo?ueiaeie no?oiaiyie,
ia?aiaaii/oaaiiyi oa iaa?iaaiiyi iaiioie o iaaiioii?iaiaeao noaoi?a oa
?ioi?a; iaoaii/ii – /a?ac neee oa?oy o c’?aeiaiiyo aeaiaioia nenoaie
oiui. sse iieacaee aenia?eiaioaeueii aeineiaeaeaiiy, iniiaii aeo?aoe
aia?ai? i?eiaaeathoue ia noai?aiiy aeaiiai eieeaaeueiiai ?aaeeio
(aeecueei 70%) oa ia caeieaiiy aeeneiaoeaieo iii?ia (16…23% a
caeaaeiinoi aiae oeio ?iai/iai na?aaeiaeua).

O oinoiio ?icaeiei – “?icaeoie eiino?oeoeaieo noai aia?aoeieieo iaoei
aeey ?icii?ii-ciioeithth/i? ia?iaee oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia” –
i?aaenoaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe i?iaeoieo ?ic?iaie niaoeiaeiciaaieo iaoei
aeey aia?iaa?aceaii? oa aia?ioaea?ii? ia?iaee oaa?aeinieaaiiai
iino?oiaioo ?iciiai i?ecia/aiiy.A caeaaeiinoi aiae iniaeeainoae neeiaeo
ia?aiao?ia aia?aoei? (aianeiaeie neeiai? aai iiiaioii?
iaa?iaiiaaaeaiinoi eieeaaeueii? nenoaie) ?iai/iio eiioaeia?o c
oaoiieiai/iei caaaioaaeaiiyi iaaea?oueny eiiieiee, eooiaee, ieineee aai
i?inoi?iaee ?oo. I?e oeueiio aia?aoeieii oaoiieiai/ii iaoeie
aeeiiothoueny c U-iiaeiaiei, oi?iaei, nii?aeueii-oi?iaei eiioaeia?ii.
Eieueoeaaa oi?ia ?iai/i? eaia?e, cie?aia, iieaaoo? oiiae noai?aiiy
aacia?a?aiiai oeeeeo ia?iaee aeaoaeae. E?ii oiai, cai?iiiiiaaia
canoinoaaiiy aeaeieueeio aia?icaoaeaeoaa/ia aeicaiey? noai?thaaoe
neeaaeiee i?inoi?iaee ?oo ?iai/iai eiioaeia?a.

?aca?ae iiaeaeuaiiy iioaineaiinoi aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee iathoue iinoea a
iaoeiao c eiiaiiiaaiith neeiaith aei?th, yea iieyaa? a ii?aeiaiii
aia?aoeieiiai oa iaa?oaeueiiai ?ooo aeaiaioia oaoiieiai/ii? nenoaie. O
aia?ioieiaeaeueieo iaoeiao iathoue iinoea aeaa ie?aieo i?eaiaea aeey
iaaeaiiy eieeaaeueiiai ?ooo ?iai/iio eiioaeia?o, a oaeiae iaaiiai
iaoaii/iiai ?ooo aeaoaeyi, ui ia?iaeythoueny. I?e oeueiio aeaoaei o
?iai/ie ciii aai iaa?oathoueny, aai io?eiothoue eieeaaeueiee ?oo aiae
ie?aiiai aeaea?aea aia?ai? (cie?aia, aiae aeaeo?ino?eeoeieiiai /e
iaaiioino?eeoeieiiai aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a). ?ic?iaeaii aia?iiaoeie, a yeeo
ia iiaeaineo ic cae?iieaieie a iie aeaoaeyie aei? oee?eoeyoeieiee ?oo
a?aioeueiaaiiai na?aaeiaeua /a?ac o.c. “aio?eeueii aeaiaioe”.

Oaea oaoiieiai/ia aeiy ni?ey? caieueoaiith aiaeiinii? oaeaeeinoi
iino?oiaioa i aeaoaei oa aiaeiiaiaeii aoaeoeaiinoi ia?iaee, iieiioaiith
oiia aeey ?iaiiii?ii? ia?iaee iiaa?oiiue aeaoaeae (?en.17).

?icaeoeii eiino?oeoeaii? noaie iaoei aia?iaiaeoeaio?iaiai oeio iiaeia
iacaaoe aia?iieaiaoa?ii onoaiiaee, a yeeo ii?aeio?oueny eieeaaeueiee oa
ieaiaoa?iee ?oo ?iai/i? ?ieinoi. Aiie oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iayaiinoth
iiiceoii ?icoaoiaaieo oa i?oaeii aiiioiaaieo ?iai/eo eiioaeia?ia; aeaio
iacaeaaeieo i?eaiaeia, yei caaacia/othoue iaeii/ania caeieniaiiy
?iai/eie ?ieinoyie aia?aoeieiiai (ieineiai aai eooiaiai) oa ieaiaoa?iiai
?ooo. Oaea eiino?oeoeaia aeeiiaiiy aeicaiey? ?acii ic iiaeaeuaiiyi
aia?aaoe/iiai iioaioeiaeo nenoaie caeienithaaoe ia oiaeo

iacaeaaeia ?aaoethaaiiy eooiaeo oaeaeeinoae iaa?oaiiy eiioaeia?ia i
ia?aiao?ia aia?aoeieiiai iiey.

Oaeei /eiii, na?aae iniiaieo eiino?oeoeaieo iaoiaeia iieiioaiiy
oaoiieiai/ieo ia?aiao?ia iaoei aeey ia?iaee aeaoaeae o
aieueii-a?aioeueiaaiiio na?aaeiaeui iiaeia aecia/eoe caniae iiaeaeuaiiy
aia?aaoe/iiai iioaioeiaeo nenoaie oeyoii eiiaiiiaaii? neeiai? aei? ia
no?oeoo?ii aeaiaioe iaoei, noai?aiiy caniaia aeey ea?iaaiinoi i?ioeanii
ia?iaee aeaoaeae.

?en. 17. Eiino?oeoeaia noaia onoaiiaee

aeey aia?aoeieii? oieiaeaeueii-ieaiaoa?ii? ia?iaee aeaoaeae:

1 – ?aia; 2 – i?oaeii aeaiaioe; 3 – oi?iaee eiioaeia?; 4 –
aia?icaoaeaeoaa/; 5 – ia?iaethth/a na?aaeiaeua; 6 – aeaoaei, ui
ia?iaeythoueny; 7 – aa?oeeaeueii ini iiaeainee aeey cae?iieaiiy
aeaoaeae; 8 – oa?ii?; 9 – i?eaiaeii oeiae;10 – iane; 11 – oeaio?aeueiee
oeia;

12 – aiaeeei; 13 – oeaio?aeueia ainue; 14 – ooiiiciethth/ee eiaiae;

15 – o?aaa?na; 16 – iaoaiici iiaeeiio i iiai?ioo iiaeainee c aeaoaeyie,
ui ia?iaeythoueny

Aeniiaee

O aeena?oaoei? io?eiaii i iaaaaeaii iiai iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii oai?aoe/ii
oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ?ic?iaee a aaeoci aia?aoeieii? oaoiiee aeey
?aaeicaoei? ?icii?ii-ciioeithth/i? oa?iiieenethaaeueii? i aia?aoeieii?
oaoiieiaie. Ae?ioaia aaeeea ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueea i?iaeaia oiiioii?
ia?iaee ae?iaia ic oaa?aeeo nieaaia i aecia/aii ia?niaeoeae oe?ieiai
i?iieneiaiai canoinoaaiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoaoia. Aeineiaeaeaii i?ioeane
eiiaiiiaaiiai aieeao ia oaa?aeinieaaii ae?iae oa?iiieenethaaeueii? i
aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee i ia ?o iniiai noai?aia iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ia aaca i
iaoiaee/ii i?eioeeie i?iaeooaaiiy niaoeiaeueiiai iaeaaeiaiiy aeey ?o
?aaeicaoei?.

Aieueo aeaoaeueii iniiaii ?acoeueoaoe i aeniiaee noi?ioeueiaaii oaeei
/eiii:

1. Aiaeic oiia aeei?enoaiiy iaeaieueo ?iciianthaeaeaieo aeaeia
oaa?aeinieaaiiai iino?oiaioo aeicaieea ?ic?iaeoe ?aoeiiiaeueii noaie
ciioeiaiiy, iioeiicoaaoe oaoiieiai/ii ?aaeeie aeey eiaeiiai c ieo.
Aeyaeaii, ui eiiieaenia oa?iiieenethaaeueia oa aia?aoeieia ia?iaea
i?ecaiaeeoue aei iiaeaeuaiiy a?aieoei iioeiinoi i?e iiia?a/iiio caeii,
oaea?iie a’yceinoi, aeiaaiai/iinoi i?e aoiii, a’yceinoi i?e ?oeioaaiii.
I?e oeueiio ia neeaaeieo iiaa?oiyo i iiaeioo?aiiyo oi?io?oueny oa?,
iane/aiee eiaaeueoii, c ia?aiao?aie oi?noeinoi Ra=0,2-0,3 iei.

1.1. Iaoaiiei-oaoiieiai/ii aeineiaeaeaiiy aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee ia
oaa?aeeo nieaaao i?iieneiaeo ia?ie aeicaieeee aecia/eoe cia/aiiy ?iai/eo
ia?aiao?ia aia?aoeieiiai iiey i oaea?ieo oie, yei i?ecaiaeyoue aei
iaeneiaeueiiai ciioeiaiiy. Cai?iiiiiaaii i iaa?oioiaaii e?eoa?ie
iioeiicaoei? ?aaeeiia aia?aoeieii? ia?iaee – ia?aiao? no?oeoo?ii?
iaiaeii?iaeiinoi r, c a?aooaaiiyi yeiai ia/eneththoueny aeiionoeii neee
niiaoaea?yiiy oaea?ieo oie i ia?iaethaaieo aeaoaeae a ?iai/ie ciii
eiioaeia?a.

2. Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeineiaeaeaiiy eiiaoeee aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai
ieeneaiiy oaa?aeeo nieaaia nenoaie WC-Co i eieueeinia niianoaaeaiiy
oaeoi?ia, aecia/ath/eo aeaiee i?ioean, aeicaieeee cai?iiiioaaoe niiniae
?icii?ii? oi?iiooai?thth/i? ia?iaee, ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo aeai?o
iaeaaeiaiiy ia/ae, caaacia/oth/eo oi?iiooai?aiiy a iaaeao 6-8 eaaeioaoia
oi/iinoi.

3. Aeey ?aaeicaoei? oaoiieiai/iiai i?ioeano ciioeiaiiy eaciaiai
iino?oiaioo ?ic?iaeaia i?eioeeiiai iiaa oiiaa?naeueia eiiaa??ia
aia?aoeieia iaoeia, a yeie ia?iaea aeaoaeae caeienith?oueny a
cae?iieaiiio noaii, a ?ieue o?ainii?ooth/iai aeaiaioo aeeiio? no?i/ea,
yea iaeii/anii ? oai?iith eiioaeia?a. Aeey aeaii? eiino?oeoei?
cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoaii/iee eiiaiiiaaiee i?eaiae, yeee ii?aeio?
eiiaiaoe/ia caoaeaeaiiy eieeaaiue c iiaei?oaeeiaiiyi ini iaa?oaiiy i
a?iaiiaaaeaiiy noaoeiiia?ieo ian i eiioaeia?a.

3.1. Oai?aoe/ieie i aenia?eiaioaeueieie aeineiaeaeaiiyie aeiaaaeaii, ui
aeei?enoaiiy eiiaiiiaaiiai aia?ii?eaiaeo o aia?aoeieieo iaoeiao ic
neeiaith iaa?iaiiaaaeaiinoth aeicaiey?: cieceoe aia?aiaeo?aoe a
ii?iaiyiii c aeeiaii/iei aia?icaoaeaeoaa/ai a 1,5?1,7 ?ac; ciaioeoe
aiieiooaeo eieeaaiue i?eaiaeiiai aaea aia?aoi?a aei 7 ?ac i oei naiei
nooo?ai iiieceoe aeeiaii/ii iaaaioaaeaiiy ia iii?ii aocee iaoeie;
caieueoeoe aiieiooaeo eieeaaiue eiioaeia?a a 1,8?2 ?ace ii?iaiyii c
aeeiaii/iei aia?ii?eaiaeii i?e oiiai ?iaiinoi caoaeaeoth/eo coneeue, ui
iaoiiaeth? aieueoo aia?aiiinoeinoue ?ic?iaeaiiai eiiaiiiaaiiai
aia?icaoaeaeoaa/a.

4. C a?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae oaoiieiai/ieo i?ioeania ia?iaee
oaa?aeinieaaieo ae?iaia anoaiiaeaii, ui aeey e?oiiiaaaa?eoieo aeaoaeae
(aiae 5 ea i aieueoa) iaeaieueo ia?niaeoeaiei ? canoinoaaiiy oi?iaeo
aia?aoeieieo iaoei, yei caaacia/othoue i?inoi?iai eieeaaiiy aianeiaeie
neeiai? i iiiaioii? iaa?iaiiaaaeaiinoi. ?ic?iaeaii ooi/iaii aeeiaii/ii
oa iaoaiaoe/ii iiaeaei oi?iai? aia?aoeieii? iaoeie, a yeeo nenoaia
iia?oeieieo nee, ui aeeeeea? eieeaaiiy eiioaeia?a, i?aaenoaaeaia ye
aeeiaii/iee aaeio, ui iaa?oa?oueny. Oea aeicaieeei aieueo ei?aeoii
iienaoe eieeaaeueiee ?oo eiioaeia?a.

4.1. Aia?oa iiyniaiee iaoaiici oee?eoeyoeieiiai ?ooo oaoiieiai/iiai
caaaioaaeaiiy c iiceoei? oai?i? oaeeueiaiai aia?iia?aiiuaiiy neio/eo
na?aaeiaeu oa ?ic?iaeaiee aeai?eoi ea?oaaiiy o?ainii?ooth/ei i
oee?eoeyoeieiei ?ooii caaaioaaeaiiy. Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeineiaeaeaii
cia/aiiy aeeiaii/iiai iaii?o iioieo ia?iaeyth/iai na?aaeiaeua iiae
aei?th aia?aoeieiiai iiey ia aeaoaei, ui ia?iaeythoueny.

4.2. Aecia/aia aaee/eia iaoaii/ii? aia?ai?, ui ?icnith?oueny iiae /an
aia?aoeieiiai ia?aiiooaaiiy na?aaeiaeua i aia?oa iieacaia iiaeeeainoue
?? ooeeicaoei? oa ia?aoai?aiiy o aeiiiiiaeii ?ooe ia?iaethaaieo
e?oiiiaaaa?eoieo aeaoaeae. Oea aeicaiey? iiaeaeueoe i?iaeoeoeaiinoue
i?ioeano c iaoaeic`?io a 1,8 ?aca aac aia?aiaeo?ao ia i?eioniaee ?oo,
aeeeth/eoe ?oeiiaia niiaoaea?yiiy aeaoaeae i aeinyaiooe iaeneiaeueiiai
ciioeiaiiy.

5. Aiaeicoth/e neeaaeiai aia?aoeieii? oaoiieiai/ii? iaoeie, aecia/aii
iaeaieueo aiaeiiaiaeaeueii aocee, aeey yeeo ?ic?iaeaii i?eaiiaeueii
eiino?oeoeaii aeaiaioe: iia?oeieii aia?icaoaeaeoaa/i, i?oaeii iiaeainee
?iai/eo eiioaeia?ia, aia?iiii?e, aeanoe/ii ioooe aeey ia?aaea/i
iaa?oiaiai ?ooo.

6. ?ic?iaeaii ?aeiiaiaeaoei? c ia?iaee oaa?aeinieaaieo aeaoaeae ?icieo
oeiia. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea i?aeoe/iiai ?ic?aooieo aia?aoeieieo iaoei c
ia`?iii ?iai/iai eiioaeia?a 5 e, 10 e, 15 e, 60 e, 90 e, 120 e.
Aia?aoeieia eiiaa??ia iaoeia aeey ciioeiaiiy eaciaiai iino?oiaioo,
aeaieiioaeia?ii iaoeie, aa?aaaoiaaii iaiiioeyoi?aie ea?onaeueiiai oeio
aeey ia?iaee aeaoaeae a cae?iieaiiio noaii. I?iieneiai c?acee oeeo iaoei
oniioii aeei?enoiaothoueny ia ae?iaieoeoai, i iiaeoaa?aeeee naith
aoaeoeaiinoue o ?ioaiii ?icieo oaoiieiai/ieo caaea/.

Iniiaii ioaeieaoei? ca iaoa?iaeaie aeena?oaoeieii? ?iaioe

Iiiia?aoi?:

1. Aa?iee I.N., Iaeaia?/oe ?.I. Eiiaa??ii aia?aoeieii iaoeie aeey
icaeiaethaaeueii-ciioeithaaeueii? ia?iaee. /Ca ?aae. I.N. Aa?ieea/ -E.:
Aeua oeiea, – 1996. – 237 n.

2. Aa?iee I.N., ss?ioaiei E.A. Aea?aoeeiiiua oaoiieiae/aneea iaoeiu n
i?ino?ainoaaiiuie eieaaaieyie ?aai/eo i?aaiia. /Iiae ?aae. I.N. Aa?ieea/
-Aiiieoey. Aeaeaaie/ee oeaio? AAeNA?. -1998. – 116 n.

Noaooi o iaoeiaeo oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo:

3. Nieee A.E., Aa?iee I.N. Enneaaeiaaiea aeeiaieee aea?aoeeiiiie
onoaiiaee n yenoeaio?eeiaui i?eaiaeii // Aeieeaaeu e iao/iua niiauaiey.
-Aaniee EIE. Ecae. iauaae. “Aeua oeiea” i?e Eueaianeii oi-oa, Eueaia, –
1986. ? 200 – N. 72-73.

4. Aa?iee I.N. Iainiiaaiea e?eoa?ey iioeiecaoeee ?aaeeiia i?e
aea?aoeeiiiie ia?aaioea oaa?aeinieaaiuo aeaoaeae. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea
e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1994. – ? 1. – N. 36-41.

5. Aa?iee I.N., Na?aaea E.I., Iaeaia?/oe E.I. Auai? ?aoeeiiaeueiie noaiu
iaoaie/aneiai aea?iaicaoaeeoaey aeey eiiaaea?iie aea?aoeeiiiie iaoeiu n
yeanoe/iie iai?aaeythuae. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1995.
– ? 1(2). – N. 15-20.

6. Aa?iee I.N., ss?ioaiei E.A. Ninoiyiea e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey
aea?iia?aaioee eaaeiiia?aaeaeaaiuo aeaoaeae. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e
oaoiieiaeyo. – 1995. – ? 1(2). – N. 44-51.

7. Eioae I.A., Aa?iee I.N. Ainnoaiiaeaiea i?i/iinoiuo naienoa
oaa?aeinieaaiuo ecaeaeee iinea yeaeo?iene?iaie ia?aaioee
oa?iiieeneeoaeueiui e aea?aoeeiiiui iaoiaeaie. // Naa?ooaa?aeua
iaoa?eaeu. – 1995. – ? 6(98). – N. 59-64.

8. Aa?iee I.N., ?iiaiia I.I. Eiiaiaoe/iee i?eaiae aeey nii?aeueiiai
naia?aoi?a. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1996. – ? 1(3). – N.
38-41.

9. Aeaienia I.Ae., Aa?iee I.N. ?aaoee?oaiua aea?iaicaoaeeoaee. //
Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1996. – ? 1(3). – N. 41-47.

10. Aa?iee I.N., ss?ioaiei E.A. Enneaaeiaaiea aeeiaieee aea?aoeeiiiuo
iaoei n oi?ieaeaeueiui eiioaeia?ii. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e
oaoiieiaeyo. -1996. – ? 1(3). – N. 47-53.

11. Aa?iee I.N., Iaeaia?/oe E.I., Aaee/ei E.Ae., ?iiaiia A.I.
Enneaaeiaaiea /anoioiuo oa?aeoa?enoee aea?inenoai n aeaieiie aeaeie
naycueth. // Aii?inu aea?aoeeiiiie oaoiieiaee. Iaaeaocianeee nai?iee
iao/iuo noaoae. – ?inoia-ia-Aeiio: Ecaeaoaeueneee oeaio? AeAOO. – 1996.
– N. 103-104.

12. Aa?iee I.N. ss?ioaiei E.A. Enneaaeiaaiea iaoaiecia aicieeiiaaiey
oee?eoeyoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey ia?aaaouaathuae n?aaeu a oi?ieaeaeueiuo
eiioaeia?ao. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1997. – ? 1(4). –
N. 3-14.

13. Aa?iee I.N. Ioeaiea oi/iinoe ?acia?ii-oi?i/iythuae
oa?iiieeneeoaeueiie ia?aaioee oaa?aeinieaaiuo ecaeaeee. // Aea?aoeee a
oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1997. – ? 1(4). – N. 53-58.

14. Aa?iee I.N., Aeaienia I.Ae. Oi?oaea nayce aea?aoeeiiiuo iaoei //
Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. -1997. ? 1(4). -n. 58-70.

15. Aa?iee I.N. Oi?i/iaiea ai?ii?aaeouaai eino?oiaioa
oa?iiieeneeoaeueiui e aea?aoeeiiiui iaoiaeaie. // I?iaeaiu o?eaieiaee.-
1997. – ? 3. – N. 39-44.

16. Aa?iee I.N. Aeeyiea oa?iiieeneeoaeueiiai e aea?aoeeiiiiai iaoiaeia
oi?i/iaiey ia nii?ioeaeaiea oaa?aeuo nieaaia ?ac?ooaieth. // Aea?aoeee a
oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1998. ? 1(5). – N. 7-10.

17. Aa?iee I.N., ss?ioaiei E.A. Iioeiecaoeey eiino?oeoeaiuo ia?aiao?ia
onoaiiaee aeey aea?aoeeiiiie oieiaeaeueii-ieaiaoa?iie ia?aaioee
aeaoaeae. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1998. ? 1(5). -N.
10-11.

18. Aa?iee I.N. Oaiaeaioei? ?icaeoeo eiino?oeoeaieo noai iaoei aeey
ia?iaee aeaoaeae o aieueii-a?aioeueiaaiiio na?aaeiaeui. //
Iaoeiiciaanoai. – 1998. – ? 3. – N. 37-38.

19. Aa?iee I.N. Iino?iaiea iaoaiaoe/aneie iiaeaee oaoie/aneie nenoaiu,
ninoiyuae ec aea?aoeeiiiie iaoeiu, ia?aaaouaathuae n?aaeu e
ia?aaaouaaaiie aeaoaee, onoaiiaeaiiie ia iiaeaanea. // Aii?inu
aea?aoeeiiiie oaoiieiaee. Iaaeaocianeee nai?iee iao/iuo noaoae. –
?inoia-ia-Aeiio: Ecaeaoaeueneee oeaio? AeAOO. – 1998 – N 169-172.

20. Aa?iee I.N. Iaoiaee/aneea i?eioeeiu oi?iiia?aciaaiey eaeaeueiuo
iiaa?oiinoae ia oaa?aeinieaaiuo ecaeaeeyo oa?iiieeneeoaeueiui iaoiaeii.
// Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. -1998. – ? 2(6) – N 4-8.

21. Aa?iee I.N. Ooi/iaiiay iiaeaeue aea?aoeeiiiie iaoeiu n oi?iaui
eiioaeia?ii. // Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo. – 1998. – ? 5(9). –
N. 61-64

Aaoi?nueei naiaeioeoaa ia aeiaoiaee oa iaoaioe:

22. A.n. 1219327 NNN?, IEE A 24 A 31/067. Ono?ienoai aeey aea?aoeeiiiie
ia?aaioee / I.N. Aa?iee, E.A. ss?ioaiei, E.Ae. Aeaienaiei, (NNN?). ?
3757174/25-08; Cayaeaii 21.06.84; Iioae. 23.03.86, Athe. ? 11. – 3 n.

23. A.n. 1321560 NNN?, IEE A 24 A 31/06, 31/05. Ono?ienoai aeey
aea?aoeeiiiie ia?aaioee / I.N. Aa?iee, A.N. Aiae?eaiia, A.A. Nieiiay
(NNN?). ? 4025988/31-08; Cayaeaii 21.02.86; Iioae. 07.07.87, Athe. ? 25.
– 3 n.

24. A.n. 1366370 NNN?, IEE A 24 A 31/073. Ono?ienoai aeey aea?aoeeiiiie
ia?aaioee / I.N. Aa?iee (NNN?). ? 4019538/30-08; Cayaeaii 31.01.86;
Iioae. 15.01.88, Athe. ? 2. – 5 n.

25. A.n. 1437196 NNN?, IEE A 24 A 31/067. Ono?ienoai aeey aea?aoeeiiiie
ia?aaioee aeaoaeae / I.N. Aa?iee, E.A. ss?ioaiei, A.O. Iaethoii (NNN?).
? 4241232/31-08; Cayaeaii 11.02.87; Iioae. 15.11.88, Athe. ? 42. – 3 n.

26. A.n. 1705039 NNN?, IEE A 24, B 31/067. Ono?ienoai aeey aea?aoeeiiiie
ia?aaioee / I.N. Aa?iee, E.A. ss?ioaiei (NNN?). ? 4773201/08; Cayaeaii
23.10.89; Iioae. 15.01.92, Athe. ? 2. – 4 n.

27. Iao. 20074A Oe?a?ia, IEE A 24 A 31/00. I?eno?ie aeey aia?aoeieii?
ia?iaee aeaoaeae eieueoeaaiai oeio / I.N. Aa?iee, E.A. ss?ioaiei, E.I.
Na?aaea (Oe?a?ia). – 4 n. ee.; Iioae. 25.12.97, Athe. ? 6.

28. Iao. 20139A Oe?a?ia, IEE A 24 A 31/06. I?eno?ie aeey aia?aoeieii?
oieiaeaeueii-ieaiaoa?ii? ia?iaee aeaoaeae / I.N. Aa?iee, E.A. ss?ioaiei
(Oe?a?ia). – 4 n. ee.; Iioae. 25.12.97, Athe. ? 6.

Iaoa?iaee iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioeie, neiiicioiia, naiiia?ia:

29. Aa?iee I.N., ss?ioaiei E.A., Aeaeaaeaeoea A.I. Aea?aoeeiiiay
ia?aaioea aeaoaeae eieueoeaaiai oeia ec ieanoe/iuo iaoa?eaeia //
Ananithciia iao/ii-oaoie/aneia niaauaiea. – A ei. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea
iaoaiinai?i/iiai i?iecaiaenoaa e iooe ?acaeoey oaoiieiaee. – Iineaa:
Ieienoa?noai noaieino?ieoaeueiie e eino?oiaioaeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe
NNN?. – 1991. – N. 131-132.

30. Aa?iee I.N. Aea?aoeeiiiua iaoeiu aeey ia?aaioee e?oiiiaaaa?eoiuo
aeaoaeae // Iaoa?eaeu Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee.
– A ei. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea e ?acaeoea ioaeaei/ii-ca/enoiie, oeieoiie
ia?aaioee aeaoaeae. – Aeiieoea: ION “Aea?ioaoiieiaey”. – 1992.-N. 16.

31. Aa?iee I.N. ?ac?aaioee eaai?aoi?ee aaoiiaoecaoeee oaoiieiae/aneeo
i?ioeannia AANOE a iaeanoe aea?aoeeiiiie oaoiieiaee. // Oacenu
aeieeaaeia iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Iiaua oaoiieiaee e nenoaiu
ia?aaioee a iaoeiino?iaiee. – Aeiiaoee – Naaanoiiieue. – 1994. -N. 9.

32. Aa?iee I.N. Aeeyiea oa?iiieeneeoaeueiiai e aea?aoeeiiiiai iaoiaea
ia?aaioee ia i?i/iinoiua naienoaa oaa?aeuo nieaaia // Iaoa?eaeu 2-ie
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee “I?eiaiaiea eieaaaiee a
oaoiieiaeyo” – Aeiieoea, AANOE. – 1994. – N. 135-136.

33. Aa?iee I.N., Iaeaia?/oe E.I., Oiiyeianeee TH.E. Enneaaeiaaiea
iaoaie/aneeo niiniaia aicaoaeaeaiey ieineeo aea?aoeee // Oacenu
aeieeaaeia iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Nia?aiaiiua i?iaeaiu
iaoeiino?iaiey e oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann ” – Aeiiaoee, AeAOO, – 1996. – N.
20-21.

34. Aa?iee I.N., Iaeaaeee/oe TH.A., Iaoithuee E.I. Oi?i/iaiea ?aai/eo
i?aaiia ei?iiae?iaeeueiuo iaoei // Oacenu aeieeaaeia 2-ie
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Eciininoieeinoue
iaoei”: – A?yine: Aineiieoao ?O ii aunoaio ia?aciaaieth. – 1996. – N.
74.

35. Aa?iee I.N., Iaeaia?/oe E.I., Eeiiaue E.A. Aeeiaieea
aea?iieaiaoa?iie iaoeiu aeey ia?aaioee aeaoaeae a naiaiaeii
a?aioee?iaaiiie n?aaea. // XXXVI Sympozjon PTMTS “Modelowanie w
mechanice”. – Cliwice (Poland). – 1997. – P. 31-36.

36. Aa?iee I.N. Osobliwosci umacnia zebow kombajnow gorniczych metoda
oksydacyina i wibracyjna // Problemy roz woju maszyn roboczych. XI
konferencja naukowa. – Gliwice – Zakopane (Poland). – 1998. – P. 39-47.

37. Aa?iee I.N. Aia?aoeieii iaoeie c i?oaeieie aeaiaioaie eiioaeia?a //
O?oaeu ??? Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Aea?aoeee a
oaoieea e oaoiieiaeyo” – Aaiaoi?ey, -1998. – N. 51-58.

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