Euea?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao
?iai? ?aaia O?aiea
Iaeee
Aiae??e I?anoiae/
OAeE 930.2 (093.32) (477)
IAIOA?E ssE AeAEA?AEI AeI ?NOI???
OE?A?INUeEI? ?AAIETHOe??
(aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??.)
Niaoe?aeuei?noue: 07.00.06 – ?noi??ia?ao?y,
aeaea?aeiciaanoai oa niaoe?aeuei?
?noi?e/i? aeenoeeie?ie
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
Euea?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? iia?oiuei? ?noi??? Oe?a?ie
Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:
aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Eiiae?aothe Einoyioei Einoyioeiiae/,
Euea?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e iia?oiuei? ?noi??? Oe?a?ie;
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
E?oinueeee ?aai Aaneeueiae/,
Euea?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, aeioeaio
eaoaae?e ?aae?iiiaeaiiy ? oaeaaa/aiiy;
eaiaeeaeao ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
Aaeae Noaiai Aeieo?iae/,
Euea?anueea eiia?oe?eia aeaaeai?y,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e ?noi??? oa iie?oieia??.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo oe?a?inueei? a?oaia?ao?? oa
aeaea?aeiciaanoaa ?iai? I.A?ooaanueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e
aeaea?aeiciaanoaa.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “7” a?oaeiy 1999 ?. i 13.00 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E. 35.051.12 o Euea?anueeiio
iaoe?iiaeueiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea (290006, i.Euea?a,
aoe.Oi?aa?neoaonueea, 1).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o Iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea (290005,
Euea?a, aoe. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 5)
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 6 eenoiiaaea 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
eaiaeeaeao ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Nooee I.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A no/anieo oiiaao caeiiii??iei ? c?inoaiiy ?ioa?ano
aei a?o/eciyii? ?noi???, cie?aia aei i?iaeai, ye? ia ciaeoee ua
ia’?eoeaiiai a?aeia?aaeaiiy a oe?a?inuee?e ?noi??ia?ao??. Iniaeeaa
i?noea na?aae oaeeo oai caeiathoue iiae?? aa?aciy 1917 – ea?oiy 1918
??., ye? ? aecia/aeueieie a?oaie neeaaeiiai ? o?eaaeiai i?ioeano
naiiaecia/aiiy Oe?a?ie, eiee aoei aaaaoi aeinyaiooi o ni?aa? ?icaoaeiae
oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?, a ua a?eueoa ia ?aae?ciaaii, ao?a/aii.
No/aniee noai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?aaiethoe?eieo iiae?e a Oe?a?i? o 1917 –
1918 ??. aeiaaa? caeo/aiiy iiaeo eiiieaen?a ?noi?e/ieo aeaea?ae.
Iniaeeaa i?noea na?aae ieo caeiathoue iaioa?e, ine?eueee cia/ia /anoeia
aeieoiaio?a c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? aoea cieuaia o ae??
aecaieueii? ai?ioueae.
*eiaei oe?a?inueeeo ?noi?ee?a iaaeaaaee iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy iaioa?ai ye
aeaea?aeo aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi??? Oe?a?ie. A?aeiiee a?ae?ia?ao,
o/aniee iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ciaaaiue ?.E?aaaoeueeee aaaaeaa, ui
“?noi??y aac iniaenoeo niiiei?a – oea iaiia eieaa aac ?ethno?aoe?e”.
Aaeeeiai cia/aiiy iaioa?ai iaaeaaaee ?.Aiaa?nueeee, I.Iaca?oe,
?.*eeaeaiei oa ?io? oe?a?inuee? ae?y/? – aeoeai? o/anieee
iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ciaaaiue. Iaeiae a ?noi?e/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo
iaioa?i? aeaeaiiy ia aeei?enoiaoaaeeny o iiai?e i???.
Cia/aiiy iaioa?ii? e?oa?aoo?e ye aeaea?aea aecia/a?oueny, ii-ia?oa,
iayai?noth a i?e aaaaoiai oaeoieia?/iiai iaoa??aeo, yeee iiaea aooe
a?aenooi?i a ?ioeo aeaeao aeaea?ae; ii-ae?oaa, iaioa?ia e?oa?aoo?a
iane/aia a?aaeaiiyie, niinoa?aaeaiiyie, ?icaeoiaie aaoi??a i?i iienoaai?
iiae??. Iniaeea?noth iaioa?ii? e?oa?aoo?e ? oa, ui aiia ca nai?i aeai?ii
? aeecueeith aei ooaeiaeiuei?, yne?aa?oa a?ae ?ioeo ienueiiaeo aeaea?ae
a?aeia?aaea? iaoin, eiei?eo, aeoo /ano, iano?i? oa iiaaae?ieo ethaeae,
?o aa?i?ci ? o?aa?ci. Ne?ae aeacaoe ia ua iaeio aaaeeeao ?o
iniaeea?noue, yea, cie?aia, iieyaa? o oiio, ui aiie i?noyoue ia eeoa
niiaaaee, iniaeno? a?aaeaiiy, iien oeo /e ?ioeo iiae?e, aea ? aeaiaioe
aeine?aeieoeueeiai oa?aeoa?o.
O neeo iaaieo oiia iie?oe/iiai oa ?aeaieia?/iiai oa?aeoa?o a ?noi?e/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo ?aaeyinueeiai ia??iaeo iaioa?e i?aaenoaaiee?a
oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueiiai ?ooo, ea??aiee?a
a?eiaaa?ae?enueeiai ?ooo aei oaaae ia a?aeeny. Oiio ?c nooi iaoeiai?
oi/ee ci?o aaaeeea?noue oaie aeeeoo?oueny iaiao?aei?noth iiaeieaiiy
aeiaiaoe/iiai i?aeoiaeo ?aaeyinueei? ?noi??ia?ao?? aei iaioa??a ye
aeaea?aea, ui ioe?ithaaeeny ia ca ?oiueith ia’?eoeai?noth ?
i?aaaeea?noth, a ca iie?oe/iith iiceoe??th ?o aaoi??a.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaia ca?aeii c iaoeiai-aeine?aeiith i?ia?aiith oa
oaiaoeeith iaoeiaeo ieai?a eaoaae?e iia?oiuei? ?noi??? Oe?a?ie
Euea?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea.
Ia’?eo ? i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iaioa?e
o/aniee?a ? i/aaeaeoe?a oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? aa?aciy 1917 – ea?oiy
1918 ??., ye? ae?oeoaaeeny a?ae?aco ae ii aa?y/eo ne?aeao iiae?e ?
ae?oeothoueny aein?. I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? oaiaoe/iee ci?no
iaioa??a, ?o aaoi?noai, ia??iae iaienaiiy, a oaeiae ?noi?e/ia
aeinoia??i?noue, aaaeeea?noue ? oe?ii?noue ?aoe?iiaeueii? ?noi?e/ii?
?ioi?iaoe??, yeo ianooue iaioa?i? oai?e.
O?iiieia?/i? ?aiee aeine?aeaeaiiy ioiieththoue ia??iae a?ae aa?aciy 1917
aei ea?oiy 1918 ??., oiaoi /an ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee. Naia
oiae? Oe?a?ia i?ioiaeeea oeyo a?ae naiai eieii?aeueiiai noaio o neeaae?
?in?enueei? ?iia??? aei aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino?. O eiiieaen?
aea?aeaaioai?/eo i?ioean?a a?aeaoaaeiny ooaa?aeaeaiiy Oe?a?ie ia
i?aeia?iaei?e a?ai?, a oaeiae eoia i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy aeanieo ca?ieieo
nee.
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ?
eiiieaenia aea/aiiy iaioa??a ? ?o cia/aiiy o aena?oeaii? i?iaeai
aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa, i?aeia?iaeiiai noaiiaeua oa ciai?oiuei?
iie?oeee OI?, oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueieo ca?ieieo nee a ia??iae aa?aciy
1917 – ea?oiy 1918 ??. Aaaeeeai i?inoaaeeoe ? ia’?eoeaii aena?oeeoe
i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy iaioa??a, ?o cae?aiiy oa aeaeaiiy. Oaeiae iaiao?aeii
aeine?aeeoe ?ieue ie?aieo ia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiue, iaoeiaeo ?inoeoooe?e ye
a Oe?a?i?, oae ? ca ?? iaaeaie o oi?ioaaii? iaioa?iiai oiiaeo c ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??).
O i?ioean? aea/aiiy i?aaenoaaeaii? oaie ie neiioeaio?oaaee oaaao ia
ae??oaii? oaeeo aeine?aeieoeueeeo caaaeaiue:
c’ynoaaoe noni?eueii-iie?oe/ia oei ia??iaeo iaienaiiy iaioa??a ye
aeaea?aea aei ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/ii?
?aaiethoe?? 1917 – 1918 ??.;
iieacaoe ?ieue iaoeiaeo ?inoeoooe?e oa ia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiue ye a
Oe?a?i?, oae ? ca ?? iaaeaie o oi?ioaaii? iaioa?iiai oiiaeo c ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??;
?ice?eoe ia iniia? aiae?co oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo, yeee i?noeoueny a
iaioa?i?e e?oa?aoo??, ??aaiue aena?oeaiiy i?iaeai aea?aeaaiiai
aoae?aieoeoaa oa noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai aeeooy a Oe?a?i? o ia??iae
ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee;
aeine?aeeoe cia/aiiy niiaaae?a o aena?oeaii? i?ioeano oe?a?i?caoe??
?in?enueei? a?i??, a oaeiae noai?aiiy oe?a?inueeeo a?enueeiaeo
oi?ioaaiue: “A?eueiiai eicaoeoaa”, c’?aeiaiue N?/iaiai No??eaoeoaa ia
Iaaeaei?i?yinuee?e Oe?a?i?, ?aaoey?ii? a?i?? OI? oa oeioo ? o oi?ioaaii?
c’?aeiaiue oe?a?inueeeo a?enueeiaiiieiiaieo;
iaa?oiooaaoe cia/aiiy iaioa?ii? e?oa?aoo?e o aena?oeaii? i?aeia?iaeiiai
noaiiaeua Oe?a?ie oa ?? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee a 1917 – 1918 ??.;
ocaaaeueieoe a?aeiiino? i?i iniiai? aeai?ia? i?aeaeaee iaioa?ii?
e?oa?aoo?e.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iieyaa? ia?aaeon?i o oiio, ui oea
iaeia c ia?oeo ni?ia eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaioa??a ye aeaea?aea c
?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? a ia??iae ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii?
?aaee (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??.). Aeena?oaio aeine?aeaeo?
oi?ioaaiiy iaioa??a i?i oe?a?inueeo iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/io
?aaiethoe?th, aiae?co? ?o oaiaoeeo, iniiai? aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eaa? ?ieue
aaoi??a o eiioaeno? oiai/anieo iiae?e. Aiae?coth/e iioae?eiaaio ?
iaiioae?eiaaio iaioa?io e?oa?aoo?o, aeena?oaio aeyaey? nooi?iue
aaaeeeaino? ?? oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo i?e aeine?aeaeaii? aea?aeaaioai?/eo
i?ioean?a, i?aeia?iaeiiai noaiiaeua oa ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie,
noaiiaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueieo ca?ieieo nee oiui.
O ?acoeueoao? oe?e?niiai aiae?co an??? iaioa?ii? niaaeueie o/aniee?a oa
i/aaeaeoe?a oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??, aeeth/ath/e iaiaae?oeiaai?,
iaeiiaioiaai? oa ?ai?oa iaa?aeii? iaioa?e, aeena?oaio aena?oeea
iaeia?aeii? noi??iee ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??.
Iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeey aeyaeaiiy
ia”?eoeaiino? ? ?ai?acaioaoeaiino? iaioa??a aaoi? aeei?enoiao? iaoiae
nenoaiiiai ii??aiyeueii-?noi?e/iiai ?o aiae?co. I?e ioe?ioe? oaeo?a ?
iiae?e, iienaieo a iaioa?ao, aeio?eio?oueny i?eioeeio ?noi?ecio,
aeei?enoiaoth/e ?noi?eei-iaeyaeiaee, i?iaeaiii-o?iiieia?/iee,
aiae?oeei-oeiieia?/iee caniae aena?oeaiiy i?iaeaie. Aaeaea aac
ii??aiyiue, ni?anoaaeaiiy iaoa??ae?a iaiiaeeeai anoaiiaeoe aeeiai?eo
?icaeoeo ?noi?e/ieo yaeu, ?ice?eoe aieiaia ? ae?oai?yaeia, c’ynoaaoe
cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeoaaieo iiae?e.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. Aei iaoeiaiai ia?ao aia?oa caeo/a?oueny
cia/iee eiiieaen iiaeo iaioa?ieo aeaea?ae, ui aeicaiey? nooo?ai
?icoe?eoe ciaiiy i?i aeaea?aeueio aaco c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei?
?aaiethoe?? aa?aciy 1917 – ea?oiy 1918 ??., a oaeiae ni?ey? ia’?eoeaiiio
aena?oeaiith i?ioean?a, iia’ycaieo ?c iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieie
ciaaaiiyie oe?a?ioe?a.
?noi??ia?ao?y aeine?aeaeaiiy. O ?aaeyinueeee ia??iae aiae?co iaioa??a
i?i ?aaiethoe?ei? iiae?? a Oe?a?i? i?enayoea iiiia?ao?th
A.No?aeuenueeee, iaeiae cina?aaeea oaaao eeoa ia iaioa?ao
a?eueoiaeoeueeiai ni?yioaaiiy.
Anaa?/ia aea/aiiy iaioa?ii? e?oa?aoo?e, ?? ioe?iea ye aeaea?aea c
?noi??? oe?a?inueeeo aecaieueieo ciaaaiue ?icii/aeiny c ?iciaaeii
?aaeyinueeiai Nithco oa i?iaieioaiiyi Oe?a?iith nai?? iacaeaaeiino?. Ca
oeae ia??iae iiyaeeiny ?yae ioae?eaoe?e, i?enay/aieo aeine?aeaeaiith
ai?noiey?ii? niaaeueie i?ia?aeieo ae?y/?a oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??.
Iaeaaeio ioe?ieo iaioa?ai, ye? ?ai?oa caiia/oaaeeny aai ioe?ithaaeeny
eeoa iaaaoeaii, aeaii o iiiia?ao?? I.E.Eiieeaiea. ?? aaoi? aeei?enoaa
niiaaaee o/aniee?a ? i/aaeaeoe?a aecaieueieo ciaaaiue ye oe?iia
?noi?e/ia aeaea?aei, ui i?noeoue aaaaoi oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo c i?iaeai
aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa oa i?aeia?iaeiiai noaiiaeua Oe?a?ie.
O ni?eueieo iiiia?ao?yo I.E.Eiieeaiea ? I.E.Eiieeaiei oa TH.Iaaeaiea ?
TH.O?aiiaa i?e aeine?aeaeaii? noaiiaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino? a
1917 – 1918 ??. aeei?enoaia oaeiae cia/ia e?euee?noue iaioa?ii?
e?oa?aoo?e.
Iaioa?ia e?oa?aoo?a aoea ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy A.O.Nieaeaoaiea.
A?aeiiee oe?a?inueeee aeine?aeiee ia iniia? a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a e
oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo, yeee ciaoiaeeoueny ia noi??ieao iaioa?ii?
e?oa?aoo?e, aeine?aeea i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?,
ooai?aiiy Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee oa ?? ?ieue a ooai?aii? ca?ieieo nee OI?.
Iniaeeai ne?ae a?aecia/eoe iiiia?ao?th A.O.Nieaeaoaiea, a ye?e aaoi?
?iaeoue aeeaieee aiae?c iaioa?ii-?noi?e/ieo i?aoeue aeoeaieo o/aniee?a
iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ciaaaiue 1917-1918 ??. Oey i?aoey iaeneiaeueii
ia’?eoeaia a eiioaeno? aaoi?nueeiai aiae?co ?noi??ia?ao?/ii-iaioa?ii?
niaaeueie ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? 1917-1920 ??. Anaa?/iee
aiae?c eiie?aoiiai oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo aeaa ciiao aaoi?ia? c?iaeoe
nooo?aee aianie o ?icoi?iiy iiae?e ? yaeu oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??,
noo? ?ica?aeiinoae o iiceoe?yo “e?aeo” ? “i?aaeo” ae?y/?a Oeaio?aeueii?
?aaee, ?? iie?oeee aea?aeaaioai?aiiy, a?enueeiaiai aoae?aieoeoaa,
nioe?aeueiiai ieoaiiy, oni?o?a a?eueoiaecio a Oe?a?i? 1917 ?., ioe?iee ?
c’?caeo ?aae Oe?a?ie, aith i?ae E?ooaie, aoi?aiaiiy i?ioe?a 1918 ?. oa
?i.
Aaaeo/e a?oioiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia??iaeo ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii?
?aaee, oaeiae ia ieiaa aaaeeeaiai aeaeo aeaea?aea – niiaaae?a i?ia?aeieo
ae?y/?a oe?a?inueeiai aecaieueiiai ?ooo A.O.Aa?nothe.
Iaeaaeio ioe?ieo iaioa?ai, aeei?enoaaoe ?o oe?iiee oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae
aeaee a nai?o aeine?aeaeaiiyo E.Aa?/aaa, A.Aieoaei, A.Caaeoiaenueeee,
I.Iaea?/oe. Aiae?c iaioa??a I.O?enothea /anoeiai c?iaea TH.Oaiiaae.
E?eoe/ii aeei?enoiaoaaa iaioa?e ye aeaea?aei aei aea/aiiy
iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ciaaaiue oe?a?ioe?a o ia??iae ae?yeueiino?
Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee o nai?o iiiia?ao?yo ss.Iaeee. Iaoeiaaoeue,
aeei?enoaaoe oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae, ui i?noeany o iaioa?ao, aeine?aeea
aeeooy oe?a?inueeiai naea a oiai/aniee ia??iae, ?ice?ea ai?ioueao
iie?oe/ieo ia?o?e ca aieea ia naeyinuee? iane, ?aaeoe?th oe?a?inueeeo
naeyi ia i?eo?ae a?eueoiaee?a ? anoaiiaeaiiy ?aaeyinueei? aeaaee a
Oe?a?i?. Iaioa?i? aeaea?aea, aeei?enoai? o iiiia?ao?yo ss.Iaeeea,
nooo?ai aeiiiaiththoue ?io? a?o?ai? aeieoiaioe.
Iaeyae ?noi?e/ii? e?oa?aoo?e na?ae/eoue i?i a?aenooi?noue niaoe?aeueieo
iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue iaioa??a ye aeaea?aea aei aea/aiiy ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? caaaeii, a oaeiae iae??ciiiai?oi?oeo ??
aniaeo?a.
Aeaea?aeueia aaca aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiaiei aeaea?aeii i?e iaienaii?
aeena?oaoe?? aoee iaioa?e o/aniee?a oa i/aaeaeoe?a oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/ii? ?aaiethoe?? (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918
??.).
Nooo?aei aeiiiaiaiiyi aei aeuacaaaeaiiai aeaea?aea noaee iaiioae?eiaai?
a?o?ai? iaoa??aee Eueaiaa oa Ee?aa, ia??iaeeea oeueiai ia??iaeo a oaeiae
aeieoiaioaeuei? ioae?eaoe??.
Ai?iaaoe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?eniaia oeyoii iaaiai?aiiy aeena?oaoe?? oa
?? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aei caoenoo eaoaae?ith iia?oiuei? ?noi??? Oe?a?ie
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea. Iniiai?
eiioeaiooaeuei? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeai? a iioae?eiaai?e
a?ioo??: (“Iaioa?e ye aeaea?aei aei ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??
(aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??.) – Euea?a: EAeO ?i. ?.O?aiea, 1999 –
74 n.), noaooyo, aeiiia?aeyo ia oe?a?inueeeo oa i?aeia?iaeieo iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo: “?noi?e/ia e?a?ciaanoai ? iaoe?iiaeueia aeoiaaiiy”
(Euea?a, 1994), “Ieoaeei A?ooaanueeee ? Cao?aeia Oe?a?ia (Euea?a,
1994)”, “?iaaoeinueea caiey: ?noi??y oa no/ani?noue” (?iaaoei, 1995),
“Oe?a?inueea ia??iaeeea: ?noi??y ? no/ani?noue” (Euea?a, 1995, 1998).
A iniiao no?oeoo?e aeena?oaoe?? iieeaaeaii i?iaeaiii-o?iiieia?/iee
i?eioeei. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, /ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ? e?oa?aoo?e, ia?ae?eo oiiaieo
nei?i/aiue. Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? 180 noi??iie. Nienie aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae ? e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? a naaa 319 iaeiaioaaiue oa caeia? 19
noi??iie.
INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe??, ?? aeooaeuei?noue,
aecia/aii ia’?eo ? i?aaeiao, noi?ioeueiaaia iaoa ? caaaeaiiy
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai o?iiieia?/i? ?aiee, aeeeaaea?oueny
iaoiaeieia?/ia iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy, noai iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee i?iaeaie.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Oi?ioaaiiy iaioa??a i?i oe?a?inueeo
iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/io ?aaiethoe?th (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918
??.)” aaoi? ie?aneea iniiai? aoaie oi?ioaaiiy iaioa??a i?i oe?a?inueeo
?aaiethoe?th, a oaeiae aeaa caaaeueio ?i oa?aeoa?enoeeo.
Iniaeeaa oaaaa a ?icae?e? i?eae?eaia iaoeiai-aeaeaaie/ei onoaiiaai, ye?
caeiaeeny cae?aiiyi ? ioae?eaoe??th niiaaae?a i?i aecaieuei? ciaaaiiy ia
Iaaeaei?i?yinuee?e Oe?a?i?. Iniiaieie oeaio?aie i?aeaioiaee ?
ioae?eaoe?? iaioa??a noaee Aaee/eia (ia?aaeon?i Euea?a), a oaeiae i?noey
?ioa?ioaaiiy aiye?a OAA ? OI? ca iaaeaie oe?a?inueeeo caiaeue (Iieueua ?
*aoineiaa//eia). sse ? a Aaee/ei?, oae ? ca ?? iaaeaie iiyaeeanue iecea
ia??iaee/ieo ? iaia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiue, ui iinoaaeee nai?i caaaeaiiyi
ioae?eoaaoe iaoa??aee c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??. O aeena?oaoe??
aeaoaeueii i?iaiae?ciaaii ae?yeuei?noue aeaeaaie/iai eiiia?aoeao
“*a?aiia Eaeeia”, yeee aeaeaaaa “Eaeaiaea?-aeueiaiao *a?aiii? Eaeeie” oa
“E?oiien *a?aiii? Eaeeie” (Euea?a); ?onueei-oe?a?inueei? aeaeaaie/i?
ni?eee, yea c 1922 ?. ae?oeoaaea “E?oa?aoo?ii-iaoeiaee A?noiee”
(Euea?a); “Oe?a?inueeiai oiaa?enoaa aeiiiiiae ai?a?aioai c Oe?a?ie”, i?e
ni?eyii? yeiai aeoiaeea eaeaiaea?-aeueiaiao “Aei?i?i” (Euea?a);
a?enueeiaiai iaoeiaiai aeaeaaieoeoaa “Aei ca?i?”, yea ioae?eoaaei
c?a?ai? niiaaaee o aeo?iae? “Oaai?” (Eae?o, Aa?oaaa); oe?a?inueeiai
a?enueeiai-?noi?e/iiai oiaa?enoaa, caoiaeaie yeiai iiaa/eee na?o
iaoa??aee aei ?noi??? oe?a?inueeiai a?enueea “Ca aea?aeaai?noue” (Eae?o,
Aa?oaaa) oa ?io?. Cia/ia oaaaa caa?iaia e ia ?ieue ?ioeo ia??iaee/ieo
aeaeaiue o oi?ioaaii? iaioa?iiai oiiaeo c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei?
?aaiethoe?? (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??.).
O aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeaii ?ieue o cai?? oa ioae?eaoe?? iaioa??a
oe?a?inueeeo iaoeiaeo ?inoeoooe?e o A?aei?, Aa?oaa?, Aa?e?i?, I?ac?,
Ia?eae? – (Oe?a?inueeee nioe?ieia?/iee ?inoeooo o A?aei?, Oe?a?inueeee
iaoeiaee ?inoeooo o Aa?oaa?, Iocae aecaieueii? ai?ioueae Oe?a?ie o
I?ac?, Iaoeiaa a?ae?ioaea ?i. Neiiia Iaoeth?e o Ia?eae?. O Aa?e?i?
iaoeiai-aeaeaaie/a ae?yeuei?noue cina?aaeaeoaaeany iaaeiei “Nithco
oe?a?inueeeo noa?oei a I?ia//ei?”, yeee ae?oeoaaa “A?enueeiaee
a?noiee”). Cia/ia /anoeia ai?a?aio?a c Oe?a?ie ae?oeoaaee nai? niiaaaee
ia Aia?eeainueeiio eiioeiaio?.
Oeaio?ii cai?o iaioa??a noaee oaeiae ?noia?oe a N?N?. O aeena?oaoe??
aeiaaaeaii, ui aena?oethaaee aiie ?aaiethoe?ei? iiae?? ia Oe?a?i? o
aea?aeiiio aeey a?eueoiaee?a ?aeo?n?.
Cia/ia i?noea a ?icae?e? iin?aea? aecia/aiiy aaaeeeaino? iaioa??a ye
iaeiiai ?c aeae?a ?noi?e/iiai aeaea?aea. Niaoeeo?ea iaioa??a ye aeaea?ae
nooi iniaenoiai, ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy coiiaeth? oa, ui a ieo
o?aieythoueny oaeoe/i? iaoi/iino?, ui aeeeeeaii noa’?eoeaiei ni?eeiyooyi
iiae?e /e iaiaaeai?noth ethaenueei? iai’yo?, a ?ieiee e oieniei
niioai?aiiyi yeeoinue oaeo?a oa yaeu.
Aaaeeeaei i?e aea/aii? iaioa??a ye ?noi?e/iiai aeaea?aea ? ?o aaoi?noai.
Oiio ?iaioa iaae aeei?enoaieie o aeena?oaoe?? iaioa?aie ii/eia?oueny c
iae?aoaeuei?oiai aea/aiiy iniae iaioa?enoa. Ooo aoiaeeoue ia o?eueee
anoaiiaeaiiy na?oiaeyaeo aaoi?a ye a iienoaaiee iei ia??iae, oae ? a
iiiaio iaienaiiy iaioa??a, a e iciaeiieaiiy c eiai a?ia?ao??th, c
?ieeth, yeo a?i a?ae?a?aaaa o aena?oethaaieo iei iiae?yo, eiai aeaeueoei
aeeoo?aei oeyoii, aaiethoe??th iiaeyae?a ? o. ?i.
Aea/aiiy a?ia?ao?/ieo aeaieo iaioa?enoa, cie?aia, aeyaeaiiy eiai i?noey
? eiie?aoii? ?ie? a iiae?yo, ui iienothoueny, a cia/eoue ? nooiaiy
ae?enii? ii?ioi?iiaaiino? i?i ieo, aeicaiey? aeae?eeoe iaea?eueo oe?iio
/anoeio iaioa??a – na?ae/aiiy aaciina?aaeiueiai o/anieea aai i/aaeaeoey
iiae?e, eiai iniaeno? niinoa?aaeaiiy ? a?aaeaiiy.
A ?icae?e? c?iaeaii ianaiia?aae oaiaoe/io eeaneo?eaoe?th iaioa??a, a
oaeiae eeaneo?eaoe?th ca aeai?aie, /anii iaienaiiy ? aaoi?noaii.
Iaeiioe?ai?oei iaioa?iei aeaea?aeii c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/ii? ?aaiethoe?? (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918
??.) ? ??ciiiai?oi? niiaaaee.
Iniaeeao oaaao aeena?oaio caa?ioa ia iaioa?i? oai?e ae?y/?a
oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiae-aeaiie?aoe/iiai ?ooo. Na?aae aaoi??a niiaaae?a
I.A?ooaanueeee, I.Naa?the, I.Cae?ciye, ?.Nooei, I.Aeoi?i (e?oa?aoo?iee
inaaaeii?i Aio?i E?acoa), TH.Othothiiee (inaaaeii?i A.TH?oee),
A.Eaae?ianueeee (e?eioii?i A.E.), I.O?enothe, I.Nei?iiaaenueeee,
A.Iao??a, A.Iiieaae/, I.Aaeaaai, Ae.Aei?ioaiei, I.Iaoii, A.Aeiie/aiei,
N.?oniaa, A.Aiae???anueeee, A.?aoeiiae/, A.?iaoeaoeue, I.A?eai???a oa
?i.
Aaoi?aie niiaaae?a aoee ia eeoa i?ia?aei? iie?oe/i? ae?y/? oiai /ano,
ea??aieee oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae, aea e iae??ciiiai?oi?o? aa?noae
ianaeaiiy, na?aae yeeo ? i?aaenoaaieee a/eoaeuenoaa, ? i?ino? aiyee, ?
naeyie, ui iaaea? iniaeeai? oe?iiino? ci?noo iaioa??a.
Cia/ia oaaaa i?eae?eaia aiae?co niiaaae?a a?eueoiaeoeueeeo ae?y/?a, a
oaeiae a?eiaaa?ae?eoe?a, ye? ae?yee a Oe?a?i?.
Caneoaiaothoue ia oaaao oaeiae uiaeaiieee, aaoia?ia?ao??, caieni?
eieaeee, eenoe oiui, ye? i?noyoue aaaaoee oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae.
Iayai?noue cia/ii? e?eueeino? iaioa??a aeicaiey? ?icaeyiooe a
o?iiieia?/i?e iine?aeiaiino? iaeaaaeeea?o? iiae??, ui a?aeaoaaeeny ia
Oe?a?i? a ia??iae ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee, a ieai? ?o
a?aeia?aaeaiiy a iaioa?ao, iieacaoe, iane?eueee ? /ei ?iciia?ae? aeeaeo
o/aniee?a caaaa/othoue iao? ciaiiy i?i oe? iiae??, a /iio
i?ea?iaeuei?noue ? cia/ei?noue iaioa?ieo aeaea?ae aeey iiaeaeueoiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? (aa?acaiue
1917-ea?oaiue 1918 ??.).
A?aea?? aeine?aeaeoaaieo i?iaeai aecia/a?oueny ia o?eueee ?o
aaaeeea?noth a nenoai? iiae?e ? i?ioean?a oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??, aea
? iayai?noth ia’?eoeaii-aeinoia??ieo iaioa??a, ye? caeiathoue cia/ia
i?noea na?aae ?ioeo aeaea?ae i?e aea/aii? oeeo ieoaiue.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e aeena?oaoe?? “Oe?a?inueea iaioa?enoeea i?i i?iaeaie
aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa oa noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai aeeooy a ia??iae
ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee” i?enay/aiee aiae?co iaioa??a ia
noi??ieao yeeo iienai? iniiai? aoaie aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa.
O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaiae?ciaaii niiaaaee o/aniee?a oa i/aaeaeoe?a
oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??, ye? aeathoue ciiao a?aeoai?eoe iano?i?
a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie ia ca?noeo i?i ethoiaa? iiae?? o Iao?ia?aae? oa
ii/aoie ?aaiethoe?eieo iiae?e a Oe?a?i?.
C ia?aiiaith ?aaiethoe?? o Iao?ia?aae? a?aee?eeenue oe?ie? iiaeeeaino?
aeey eaaae?caoe?? ae?yeueiino? iie?oe/ieo ia?o?e, noai?aiiy
??ciiiai?oieo a?iiaaenueeeo i?aai?caoe?e. Oe? iiae?? ciaeoee aena?oeaiiy
o ?yae? iaioa?ieo aeaea?ae. O niiaaaeao I.A?ooaanueeiai oa Ae.Aei?ioaiea
iieacaii ?ieue ie?aieo iniaenoinoae a ooai?aii? ?aaee ia’?aeiaieo
a?iiaaenueeeo i?aai?caoe?e, eenoe ?.*eeaeaiea oa iaioa?e I.A?ooaanueeiai
aeathoue ciiao c?icoi?oe, /iio noa?a oe?a?inueea ?ioae?aaioe?y
caie?eaea i?iyaeyoe naith i?e/aoi?noue aei oe?a?inueeiai aecaieueiiai
?ooo.
Aeey aea/aiiy ii/aoeo aecaieueieo ciaaaiue a Oe?a?i? 1917 –
1918 ??., aeoea?caoe?? iie?oe/iiai aeeooy, noai?aiiy Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee
? iniaeeai aaaeeeaeie iaioa?e I.A?ooaanueeiai, A.Aeiie/aiea, I.Ei?iey,
A.Ia?oina, I.O?enothea oa ?ioeo aeoeaieo o/aniee?a oe?a?inueei?
?aaiethoe??.
Aeoea?caoe?y iie?oe/iiai aeeooy a Oe?a?i? aaniith 1917 ?.
iciaiaioaaeany i?iaaaeaiiyi cia/ii? e?eueeino? aeaiiino?aoe?e,
i?ioan?eieo c’?cae?a. Niiaaaee A.Aeiie/aiea, I.Aaeaaaia, I.?aaieie,
I.Ei?iey, N.Oaiaoe, TH.Othothiieea (A.TH?oeea) oa ?ioeo a?aeoai?ththoue
ia?aa?a iiae?e aaniith-e?oii 1917 ?., iienothoue i?iaaaeaiiy
eiiia?aoeaiiai c’?caeo, oe?a?inueei? iai?oanoaoe?? 1 ea?oiy,
Oe?a?inueeiai Iaoe?iiaeueiiai eiia?ano, ? ? ?? Anaoe?a?inueeeo
a?enueeiaeo c’?cae?a, o/anoue iieiae? o aecaieueieo ciaaaiiyo.
sseui oe? aaoi?e iaioa??a aoee a ai?oeaio?? iie?oe/ieo iiae?e a noieeoe?
Oe?a?ie, oi a iaioa?ao A.Aiae???anueeiai, A.AEeaioea, Oa?aeoa?ieea
iaaecae/aeii oe?iea a?aeia?aaeaiiy ciaeoee iiae??, ui a?aeaoaaeeny ia
ia?eoa???.
Oe?a?inueeee aecaieueiee ?oo, yeee ?icaeaaany ii aeno?aei?e ? iaae?aa
ana a?eueoeo iaa?o?a, ia aeaooiaoaaa Oei/aniaee o?yae. Aaaeeeaeie
iaioa?ieie aeaea?aeaie aei aeine?aeaeaiiy noinoie?a Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee
c Oei/aniaei o?yaeii ?o oiaeo oa ?acoeueoaoo a oie /an ? niiaaaee
I.A?ooaanueeiai, A.Aeiie/aiea, A.Eaae?ianueeiai (e?eioi-
i?i A.E.), I.Eiaaeaanueeiai. O iaioa?ao ?.Aaa?eethea oa
TH.Iiaaeaanueeiai oaeiae oe?iei ? yne?aai aena?oeth?oueny aa?oaoe?eia
?iaioa a?eueoiaee?a a Oe?a?i?.
A?eueoiaeoeueeee ia?aai?io a ?in?? oa ?icaeoie iiae?e a Oe?a?i? i?eca?a
aei inoaoi/iiai ?ic?eao noinoie?a Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee c ?aaeia?eiiii, ui
a e?ioeaaiio ?acoeueoao? i?ecaaei aei ca?ieiiai eiioe?eoo. Aaaeeeaa
cia/aiiy aeey aea/aiiy oiaeo aith oe?a?inueeeo thiae?a i?ae E?ooaie
iathoue niiaaaee A.Aii/a?aiea, A.Iiieaae/a,
?. E-ai, A.O?aiey, I.Ieoaeeeea, a yeeo iaioa?enoe aeeeaee oe?iiee
oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae, ui aeicaiey? e?aua aeine?aeeoe iaeia?aeii? noi??iee
oe??? iiae?? oa ia?aa?a ai?iieo ae?e.
I?iaiae?ciaaii niiaaaee A.Aiae???anueeiai, E.Eiaeeyinueeiai,
I.Iiaeeyinueeiai, I.Nei?iiaaenueeiai, a yeeo aaoi?e ciaeueiaothoue
ea?oeio a?eueoiaeoeueeeo iia?ii?a a caoiieaieo i?noao Oe?a?ie.
Aeaye? aaoi?e iaiaaathoueny iiynieoe i?e/eie ii?acee Oeaio?aeueii?
?aaee, oni?oe a?eueoiaeoeueei? i?iiaaaiaee a oe?a?inueeiio nae?, ao?aoo
aeia??’y aei Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee na?aae oe?a?inueeeo naeyi oa
?ia?oiee?a.
Ioaea, iaioa?e ea??aiee?a oe?a?inueeiai ?aaiethoe?eiiai ?ooo, eiai
aeoeaieo o/aniee?a oa i/aaeaeoe?a ? aaaeeeaei aeaea?aeii i?e
aeine?aeaeaii? i?iaeai aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa oa
noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai aeeooy a Oe?a?i?.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Iaioa?e i?i oi?ioaaiiy ca?ieieo nee OI?”
aeine?aeaeothoueny iaioa?e o/aniee?a oa i/aaeaeoe?a
iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueieo ciaaaiue oe?a?ioe?a o yeeo aena?oeaii iniiai?
aoaie oa i?ioeane iia’ycai? c oi?ioaaiiyi ca?ieieo oi?ioaaiue Oe?a?ie o
ia??iae aa?aciy 1917 – ea?oiy 1918 ??.
Caii?oeith oni?oo o ?icaoaeia? aeanii? aea?aeaae ? ?? aeani? ca?iei?
neee. I?e aeine?aeaeaii? i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy ca?ieieo nee iaioa?e
iathoue oaeiae aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy, a ?ieiee aoaathoue ? ?aeeiei
aeaea?aeii.
Nooi?iue ia?ciaiino? iaioa?enoa c oeie /e ?ioeie iiae?yie, a cia/eoue ?
oe?ii?noue oaeoe/iiai ci?noo eiai niiaaae?a i?i ieo a cia/i?e i???
aecia/a?oueny eiai noni?eueiei aai neoaeaiaei noaiiaeuai o ia??iae, yeee
aena?oeth?oueny. I?iaiae?ciaaii niiaaaee I.Nei?iiaaenueeiai, I.Na?aaee,
Ae.Aei?ioaiea, A.Noee?anueeiai, A.Aeai?e?ia, ?.Aiieiaiai, A.Naa/aiea,
A.Iao??aa, I.??ioaae/a, Oa?aeoa?ieea, A.Ei?i??aa,
A.Ia?ouaiea-Aiaaeai?anueeiai, TH.Iaoiaiea, I.Eaethaeiiai,
A.Eaae?ianueeiai oa ?ioeo, ye? i?noyoue oe?iiee iaoa??ae i?i
oe?a?i?caoe?th ?in?enueei? a?i??, oae ye ?o aaoi?e aoee aaciina?aaei?ie
o/anieeaie aai i/iethaaee oeae i?ioean. Iaioa?e aeathoue iiaeeea?noue
aeine?aeeoe e?euee?niee oa ye?niee neeaae oe?a?i?ciaaieo /anoei, ?o
aeeneieaoe?th, ia?aaeathoue aioo??oith noi?iio neeaaeiiai i?ioeano
oe?a?i?caoe??, iano?i? oa noaaeaiiy aiye?a aei iueiai.
Aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ?aaoey?ii? a?i?? OI?
iathoue niiaaaee A.Iao??aa, I.A?ooaanueeiai, I.Aeaeeaaeea,
E.Niianueeiai, I.Ei?iey, I.Aaeaaaia, A.Iiieaae/a, I.Oi?e?inueeiai a yeeo
iieacaii iniiai? aoaie oi?ioaaiiy a?i??, ?ieue I.I?oiianueeiai oa
N.Iaoeth?e o oeueiio neeaaeiiio i?ioean?.
O iaioa?ao ?.Aae?a/aiea, ss.Aiaeyiiai, TH.Othothiieea, I.Aeioeaiea,
I.Nei?iiaaenueeiai, I.Ieoaeeeea, I.Oe?eueieea oe?iei ? yne?aai
aena?oeth?oueny i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy caaii?a A?eueiiai eicaoeoaa, iieacaii
aieia? ae?? eicae?a c a?eueoiaeoeueeith a?i??th.
O aeena?oaoe?? aeiaaaeaii, ui niiaaaee cia/ii ?icoe?ththoue ?
eiie?aoecothoue a?aeii? c ?ioeo aeaea?ae aeai? i?i oi?ioaaiiy N?/iaiai
No??eaoeoaa ia Iaaeaei?i?yinuee?e Oe?a?i?, ?ieue aaee/ai o ?o oi?ioaaii?
oa i?aeaeuaii? ai?caeaoiino?.
O niiaaaeao iaaiaeyoueny aeieeaaei? a?aeiiino? i?i oi?ioaaiiy N??i? oa
Neiuei? aeea?c?e c oe?a?ioe?a, ui ia?aaoaaee a oaai?ao
a?enueeiaiiieiiaieo o I?ia//ei? oa Aano?i-Oai?uei?. Iieacaii, ui a
iaioa?ao ? ia’?eoeai? aeai? i?i no?oeoo?o aeea?c?e, eiiaiaeiee oa
e?euee?niee ?o neeaae, i?i ?ieue ie?aieo iniaenoinoae o i?ioean?
oi?ioaaiiy aeea?c?e. C oeueiai i?eaiaeo caa?iooi oaaao ia niiaaaee
A.Cae?inueeiai, O.Iiaeue/aiea, I.Aeoi?anueeiai, A.I?ioiaee oa ?ioeo.
Iaioa?e I.Ieoaeeeea, A.?eueea, A.?iiaithea, N.O?ai/aiea oa ?ioeo oe?iei
aena?oeththoue aeoea?caoe?th oe?a?inueeiai ?ooo a E?eio, oe?a?i?caoe?th
*i?iiii?nueeiai oeioo, ?iaioo ao?oe?a “Eiaca?” oa “Naaanoiiieuenueei?
oe?a?inueei? *i?iiii?nueei? A?iiaaee” a i?iaoaeaeaii? iaoe?iiaeueii?
na?aeiiino? ii?ye?a oa ianaeaiiy E?einueeiai i?aino?iaa.
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “Iaioa?e i?i i?aeia?iaeia noaiiaeua oa ciai?oith
iie?oeeo Oe?a?ie a ia??iae ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee”
cina?aaeaeaia oaaaa ia iaioa?ao a yeeo iieno?oueny i?aeia?iaeia
noaiiaeua Oe?a?ie oa ?? ciai?oiy iie?oeea.
Caneoaiaothoue, cie?aia, ia oaaao i?e aeine?aeaeaii? noinoie?a
Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee c e?a?iaie Aioaioe niiaaaee ea??aiee?a oe?a?inueei?
aea?aeaae I.A?ooaanueeiai oa A.Aeiie/aiea. O ieo, cie?aia, a?aeia?aaeaii
aaiethoe?th iiaeyae?a ea??aiee?a Aioaioe uiaei iiae?e, ye? a?aeaoaaeeny
a Oe?a?i?. Oea, cie?aia, aeia?a i?ine?aeeiao?oueny o niiieiao
I.A?ooaanueeiai i?i cono??/ c aia?eeainueeei aeeieiiaoii E?aeiii
iai?ee?ioe? ea?oiy 1917 ?ieo.
Cia/ia e?euee?noue iaioa??a i?enay/aia ia?aaiai?ai a A?ano?. Oe?ii?noue
oeeo iaioa??a iieyaa? o oiio, ui ?o aaoi?aie aoee aaciina?aaei? o/anieee
ia?aaiai??a, ? naia oiio aiie e?aua ca ?ioeo coi?ee ia?aaeaoe neeaaeiee
i?ioean aoiaeaeaiiy Oe?a?ie o i?aeia?iaeio iie?oeeo.
Ia iniia? aiae?co aaaaoueio iaioa??a, aeena?oaio c?iaea aeniiaie i?i
oa, ui i?ia?aeieee oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueiiai ?ooo ia
ii/aoeiaiio aoai? iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueii? ai?ioueae ia aoee
aa?iaiio?eaie e ?ice?ea i?e/eie, ye? cioneee nooieoe ?o ia oeae oeyo.
Aeena?oaio i?iaiae?coaaa iaioa?e a yeeo iienaii neeaaeiee i?ioean
ia?aaia?? oe?a?inueeeo aeeieiiao?a c ?in?enueeith aeaeaaaoe??th ca
aeciaiiy oe?a?inueei? aeaeaaaoe?? iiaiii?aaiei /eaiii ie?ieo
ia?aaiai??a, a?aeia?aaeaii aino?? noia?a/ee iaae ae?iaeaiiyi oaenoo
ie?iiai aeiaiai?o i?ae Oe?a?iith ? e?a?iaie *aoa??iiai nithco. Oiio
aiae?c niiaaae?a ?.Eaae??ia, I.Naa?thea, I.Cae?ciyea, I.*a?i?ia,
A.Ethaeaiaei?oa, I.Aioiaia, A.Oieea oa ?ioeo ? iaiao?aeiei i?e
aeine?aeaeaii? ie?ieo ia?aaiai??a o A?ano?. Aiaeii/an a aeena?oaoe??
i?iaiae?ciaaii ?yae iaioa??a i?i ni?iae i?aeienaoe ie?iee aeiaia?? c
e?a?iaie *aoa??iiai Nithco, iieacaii ?ia?oi?noue Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee o
ae??oaii? oeueiai aaaeeeaiai ia oie /an ieoaiiy.
Aeena?oaio aeia?a, ui niiaaaee aeicaieythoue oaeiae c’ynoaaoe
ia?aaeoiiae, ye? niiioeaee e?a?ie ?icii/aoe ie?i? ia?aaiai?e, aeyaeoe
oaeiae ?o iane?aeee ye aeey e?a?i *aoa??iiai nithco, oae ? aeey Oe?a?ie.
Aiaeii/an aeena?oaio aeia?a, ui ia iaio aaaeeeaeie ? niiaaaee
?.Ai?aaoey, I.Caeeeinueeiai, A.AEoea, N.Noa/eoeia, a yeeo
aena?oeththoueny noinoiee aano?i-i?iaoeueeeo a?enuee c ianaeaiiyi,
?aaeoe?y inoaii?o ia iaieioaiiy caeii?a aeuiai i?iaoeueeiai
eiiaiaeoaaiiy.
O aeniiaeao i?aeaaaeaii i?aenoiee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Cacia/a?oueny, ui
iaioa?e, ye aeaea?aei ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? 1917-1918 ??.,
i?noyoue aaaaoee oaeoieia?/iee iaoa??ae, yeee aeicaiey? cia/ii aeeaoa ?
iiai?oa ?ice?eoe aeine?aeaeoaaio i?iaeaio.
Iaeiioe?ai?oei i?aeaeaeii iaioa?ieo aeaea?ae ? niiaaaee. Caneoaiaothoue
ia oaaao oaeiae uiaeaiieee, aaoia?ia?ao??, caieni? eieaeee, eenoe, ye?
i?noyoue aaaeeeaee oaeoieia?/iee iaoa??ae. Oe? aeaea?aea ana oe?oa
aaiaeyoueny aei iaoeiaiai ia?ao.
Aiae?c iaioa??a na?ae/eoue, ui aiie ? aeineoue neeaaeiei aeaea?aeii
?ioi?iaoe??. ?o niaoeeo?ea ye aeaea?ae nooi ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy coiiaeth? oaeoieia?/i? iaoi/iino?, ui aeeeeeaii
noa”?eoeaiei ni?eeiyooyi iiae?e /e iaiaaeai?noth ethaenueei? iai”yo?, a
?ieiee e oieniei niioai?aiiyi yeeoinue oaeo?a oa yaeu.
Aeena?oaio ae?eoia aeniiaeo, ui iaioa?e aeiaaathoue e?eoe/iiai aiae?co
?c canoinoaaiiyi oe?ieiai eiiieaeno aeaea?aeiciaa/eo i?eeii?a. Aac
?aoaeueiiai aea/aiiy iioiaeaeaiiy iaioa??a, iaoe, /ano ? oiia ?o
noai?aiiy, aac aiae?co oa c?noaaeaiiy ?o ci?noo c ?ioeie aeaea?aeaie
iaiiaeeeai aecia/eoe aeinoia??i?noue iaaaaeaieo o ieo a?aeiiinoae,
ia”?eoeaio ?o oe?ii?noue.
Iaeia c iaeaaaeeea?oeo oiia aeaea?aeiciaa/iai aiae?co iaioa??a –
anoaiiaeaiiy ?o oaeoe/ii? aeinoia??iino?.
O aeena?oaoe?? aeiaaaeaii, ui ?iaioo iaae iaioa?aie ne?ae ?icii/eiaoe c
?aoaeueiiai aea/aiiy iniae iaioa?enoa, eiai na?oiaeyaeo a iienoaaiee
ia??iae ? a iiiaio iaienaiiy iaioa??a, eiai ?ie? a ina?oethaaieo
iiae?yo, aeeoo?aiai oeyoo oa aaiethoe?? iiaeyae?a.
Iaioa?e aeathoue ??ciiiai?oiee, aaaaoee, a a ?yae? aeiaaee?a e
oi?eaeueiee oaeoieia?/iee iaoa??ae aeey iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??. Aiie ? iaaecae/aeii oe?iiei aeaea?aeii aeey
oe?oiai aena?oeaiiy i?iaeai aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa,
noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai aeeooy, oi?ioaaiiy a?i?? OI?, i?aeia?iaeiiai
noaiiaeua oa ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie.
Ioaea, caaaeaiiy, iinoaaeai? aeena?oaioii, ?ica’ycai? oaeei /eiii:
aena?oeaii i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy iaioa??a ye aeaea?aea aei ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/ii? ?aaiethoe?? 1917-1918 ??.;
?ice?eoi ia iniia? aiae?co oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo, ui i?noeoueny o
iaioa?i?e e?oa?aoo??, ??aaiue aena?oeaiiy i?iaeai aea?aeaaiiai
aoae?aieoeoaa oa noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai aeeooy a Oe?a?i? o ia??iae
ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee;
aeine?aeaeaii cia/aiiy niiaaae?a o aena?oeaii? i?ioeano oe?a?i?caoe??
?in?enueei? a?i??, o noai?aii? oe?a?inueeeo a?enueeiaeo oi?ioaaiue
“A?eueiiai eicaoeoaa”, c’?aeiaiue N?/iaiai No??eaoeoaa ia
Iaaeaei?i?yinuee?e Oe?a?i?, ?aaoey?ii? a?i?? OI? oa *i?iiii?nueeiai
oeioo, o oi?ioaaii? c’?aeiaiue oe?a?inueeeo a?enueeiaiiieiiaieo;
c’yniaaii cia/aiiy iaioa?ii? e?oa?aoo?e o aena?oeaii? i?aeia?iaeiiai
noaiiaeua Oe?a?ie oa ?? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee a 1917 – 1918 ??.
?acoeueoaoe ? aeniiaee aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? a ianooiieo ioae?eaoe?yo
aaoi?a:
1. Iaioa?e ye aeaea?aei aei ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? (aa?acaiue
1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??.). – Euea?a: EAeO ?i. ?aaia O?aiea, 1999. – 74
n.
2. Iaioa?e ye aeaea?aei aei aea/aiiy ?noi??? oi?ioaaiiy Neiuei? ? N??i?
aeea?c?e (ia??iae ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee) // Iaoeia? caienee.
Ca??iee iaoeiaeo noaoae Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i.I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa. – E.: IIO, 1999.- *.3. – N.270-280.
3. Iaioa?e i?i oi?ioaaiiy caaii?a A?eueiiai eicaoeoaa // Iaoeia? cioeoe
?noi?e/iiai oaeoeueoaoo Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai?
?aaia O?aiea. Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue. – Euea?a: EAeO ?i. ?aaia O?aiea, 1999.
– Aei.2. – N.135-137.
4.Iaioa?e ye aeaea?aei c ?noi??? aecaieueii? ai?ioueae ia
cao?aeii-oe?a?inueeeo caieyo a 1914-1921 ??. // ?noi?e/ia e?a?ciaanoai ?
iaoe?iiaeueia aeoiaaiiy: Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. –
Euea?a: EAeO, 1994. – N.55 – 56
5.Ieoaiiy oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe?? 1917-1920 ??. a iaioa?ao
I.A?ooaanueeiai // Ieoaeei A?ooaanueeee ? Cao?aeia Oe?a?ia: Aeiiia?ae? ?
iia?aeiieaiiy iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe?? (i. Euea?a, 26-28 aeiaoiy, 1994 ?.).
– Euea?a, 1995 – N. 299-301.
6. Aeieoiaioe aea?aea?o?ao Euea?anueei? iaeano? i?i
iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueio ai?ioueao ia ?iaaoeiuei? o 20-30-o ?ieao OO no.
// ?iaaoeinueea caiey: ?noi??y oa no/ani?noue. Iaoa??aee ia?oi? iaoeiai?
eiioa?aioe?? (?iaaoei, 24-25 aa?aciy 1995 ?.). – Euea?a, 1995.-
N.118-120.
7. Iaioa?e o/aniee?a aecaieueieo ciaaaiue 1917-1920 ??. (ca iaoa??aeaie
oe?a?inueei? ia??iaeeee o i?aeai?iiee ia??iae) // Oe?a?inueea
ia??iaeeea: ?noi??y ? no/ani?noue. Aeiiia?ae? oa iia?aeiieaiiy o?aouei?
anaoe?a?inueei? iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? 22-23 a?oaeiy 1995 ?.
– Euea?a, 1995 – N.83-86.
8. A?eueaaeuei Aaanao?a (Aaneeue Aeoeaaiee). Aaoia?ia?ao?y / Ia?aaeiiaa
A.Iaeeea. – Euea?a, 1996. – 38 n.
9. Ai?en Ia?oin – eiiia?aoi? // Oe?a?inueea eiiia?aoe?y: ?noi?e/i? oa
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? aniaeoe (Ca??iee noaoae). – O.1. – Euea?a, 1998.
– N.195-198.
AIIOAOe?ss
Iaeee A.I. Iaioa?e ye aeaea?aei aei ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? ?aaiethoe??
(aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918 ??.). – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 07.00.06. – ?noi??ia?ao?y, aeaea?aeiciaanoai oa
niaoe?aeuei? ?noi?e/i? aeenoeeie?ie. – Euea?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, Euea?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia aiae?co iaioa??a i?i oe?a?inueeo
iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/io ?aaiethoe?th (aa?acaiue 1917 – ea?oaiue 1918
??.). Aeine?aeaeaii i?ioean cae?aiiy oa ioae?eaoe?? iaioa??a,
anoaiiaeaii ?ieue oa o/anoue ?o aaoi??a a iienoaaieo iiae?yo. Aaoi?
iieaco? cia/aiiy iaioa?ii? e?oa?aoo?e aeey aea/aiiy iniiaieo i?iaeai
aea?aeaaiiai aoae?aieoeoaa oa noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai aeeooy a Oe?a?i? o
ia??iae ae?yeueiino? Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee, i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy ca?ieieo
nee Oe?a?inueei? Ia?iaeii? ?anioae?ee (oe?a?i?caoe?y ?in?enueei? a?i??,
noai?aiiy ?aaoey?ii? a?i?? OI? oa *i?iiii?nueeiai oeioo, oi?ioaaiiy
caaii?a N?/iaeo No??eueoe?a, A?eueiiai eicaoeoaa, Neiuei? oa N??i?
aeea?c?e a ieai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy a iaioa?ao). I?eae?eaia oaaaa
aeine?aeaeaiith ?ie? oa cia/aiiy iaioa??a o aena?oeaii? i?aeia?iaeiiai
noaiiaeua Oe?a?ie oa ?? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee a ia??iae Oeaio?aeueii?
?aaee. Aaeeea cia/aiiy i?eae?eaii iaoiaeeoe? aeaea?aeiciaa/iai aiae?co
iaioa??a.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: oe?a?inueea iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/ia ?aaiethoe?y,
Oeaio?aeueia ?aaea, iaioa?e, niiaaaee, uiaeaiieee, ai?noiey?ia
e?oa?aoo?a.
ANNOTATION
Malyk A.O. The memoirs as a source of Ukrainian revolution history
(march 1917 – april 1918).- Manuscript.
The Thesis is given for attainment of the scientific Degree – Candidate
of the Historical Sciences. Speciality 07.00.06 – historyograhy, resouse
knowledge, and special historical subjects. Ivan Franko National
University in L’viv.
The given Thesis is devoted the analysis of the memoirs dealing with
Ukrainian national-democratic revolution (march 1917 – april 1918). The
process of memoir compiling and publication is investigated. The role
and the participation of the memoir authors in discribing events is
established.
The author shows the significance of the memoir for the research process
of the main state-building problems and socio-political life in Ukraine
under the ruling of Tsentralna Rada (the Central Soviets), and the
development of the army in the Ukrainian Republic (Ukrainization of
Russian Army, establishing of the Regular Ukrainian Army and the Black
Sea Navy, formation of Sichovi Striltsi-, Vilne Kozatstvo-, Synya-, and
Sira- troops are depicted in memoir.
A special attention is paid to memoirs researching and their
importance in the enlightning of the Ukrainian relationships and its
foreign policy under the Tsentralna Rada. A great attention is paid to
the resourse methodology study of the memoirs.
Key words : Ukrainian national-democratic revolution, Tsentralna
Rada, diaries, reminisences.
AIIIOAOeEss
Iaeue A.I. Iaioa?u eae enoi/iee e enoi?ee oe?aeineie ?aaiethoeee (ia?o
1917- ai?aeue 1918 aa.) – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa enoi?e/aneeo iaoe
ca niaoeeaeueiinoueth 07. 00.06. – enoi?eia?aoey, enoi/ieeiaaaeaiea e
niaoeeaeueiua enoi?e/aneea aeenoeeieeiu. – Eueaianeee iaoeeiiaeueiue
oieaa?neoao eiaie Eaaia O?aiei, Eueaia, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aiaeeco iaioa?ia ia oe?aeineie
iaoeeiiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee (ia?o 1917- ai?aeue 1918
aa.). Enneaaeiaaii i?ioeann nai?a e ioaeeeaoeee iaioa?ia. Iniaaiiia
aieiaiea oaeaeaii iao/ii-ecaeaoaeueneei o/?aaeaeaieyi, eioi?ua
caieiaeenue nai?ii e ioaeeeaoeeae ainiiieiaiee ia inaiaiaeeoaeueiie
ai?ueaa ia Iaaeaeiai?yineie Oe?aeia. Iniiaiuie oeaio?aie iiaeaioiaee e
ioaeeeaoeee iaioa?ia noaea Aaee/eia (i?aaeaea anaai Eueaia), ianoa
eioa?ie?iaaiey aieiia OAA e OI? ca i?aaeaeaie oe?aeineeo caiaeue
(Iieueoa e *aoineiaaeey). A aeenna?oaoeee aeaoaeueii i?iaiaeece?iaaii
aeayoaeueiinoue ecaeaoaeueneiai eiiia?aoeaa “*a?aiia Eaeeia”, eioi?ue
ecaeaaae “Eaeaiaea?-aeueiaiao *a?aiii? Eaeeie” e “E?oiien *a?aiii?
Eaeeie”; ?onnei-oe?aeineia ecaeaoaeueneia iauanoai, eioi?ia n 1922 a.
ia/aoaei “E?oa?aoo?ii-iaoeiaee a?niee”; Oe?aeineia iauanoai iiiiue
yiea?aioai ec Oe?aeiu, i?e niaeaenoaee eioi?iai ecaeaaaeny
eaeaiaea?-aeueiaiao “Aei?i?i”; aiaiiiai iao/iiai ecaeaoaeuenoaa “Aei
ca?i?”, eioi?ia iioaeeeiauaaei nia?aiiua ainiiieiaiey a aeo?iaea “Oaai?”
(Eaeeo, Aa?oaaa); oe?aeineiai aiaiii-enoi?e/aneiai oiaa?euanoaa, n
iiiiuueth eioi?iai auee ecaeaiu iaoa?eaeu e enoi?ee oe?aeineiai aienea
“Ca aea?aeaai?noue” (Eaeeo, Aa?oaaa) e ae?oaea. Cia/eoaeueiia aieiaiea
oaeaeaii ?iee ae?oaeo ia?eiaee/aneeo ecaeaiee a oi?ie?iaaiee iaioa?iiai
oiiaea ii enoi?ee oe?aeineie ?aaiethoeee (ia?o 1917- ai?aeue 1918 aa.).
A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeoaony ?ieue a nai?a e ioaeeeaoeee iaioa?ia
oe?aeineeo iao/iuo o/?aaeaeaiee a I?aaa, Aaia, Aa?oaaa, Aa?eeia,
Ia?eaea.
Cia/eoaeueiia ianoi a ?aaioa caieiaao ii?aaeaeaiea cia/eoaeueiinoe
iaioa?ia eae iaeiiai ec aeaeia enoi?e/aneiai enoi/ieea.
Aaaeiui i?e eco/aiee iaioa?ia eae enoi?e/aneiai enoi/ieea yaeyaony eo
aaoi?noai. Iiyoiio ?aaioa iaae eniieueciaaiiuie a aeenna?oaoeee
iaioa?aie ia/eiaaony ec ouaoaeueiiai eco/aiey ee/iinoe iaioa?enoa. Yoi
aeeth/aao a naay noaiiaeaiea ie?iaicc?aiey aaoi?a a iienaiiue ei ia?eiae
e a iiiaio iaienaiey iaioa?ia, iciaeiieaiea n aai aeia?aoeae, n ?ieueth,
eioi?oth ii nua?ae a enneaaeoaiuo niauoeyo, yaiethoeeae acaeyaeia e
o.ae.
A aeenna?oaoeee naeaeaii oaiaoe/aneoth eeanneoeeaoeeth iaioa?ia,
eeanneoeeaoeeth ca aeai?aie, a?aiaiai iaienaiey e aaoi?noaii.
Iaee/ea cia/eoaeueiiai eiee/anoaa iaioa?ia ?ac?aoaao ?anniao?eaaoue a
o?iiieiae/aneie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe aaaeiaeoea niauoey, eioi?ua
i?ienoiaeeee ia Oe?aeia a ia?eiae aeayoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a
ieaia eo ioia?aaeaiey a iaioa?ao, iieacaoue, a eaeie noaiaie ?anneacu
aeeauo o/anoieeia iaiaauatho iaoe ciaiey ia yoeo niauoeyo, a /ai
i?eaeiaeueiinoue e cia/eiinoue iaioa?iuo enoi/ieeia aeey aeaeueiaeoaai
enneaaeiaaiey i?iaeai oe?aeineie ?aaiethoeee (ia?o 1917- ai?aeue 1918
aa.).
Aaoi? ?ane?uaaao cia/aiea iaioa?iie eeoa?aoo?u aeey eco/aiey iniiaiuo
i?iaeai ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneie
aeecie a Oe?aeia a ia?eiae aeayoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, i?ioeanna
oi?ie?iaaiey aii?oaeaiiuo nee Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee
(oe?aeiecaoeey ?onneie a?iee, oi?ie?iaaiea ?aaoey?iie a?iee OI? e
*a?iiii?neiai oeioa, oi?ie?iaaiea io?yaeia Ne/aauo No?aeueoeia,
Aieueiiai eaca/anoaa, Neiae e Na?ie aeeaecee). Cia/eoaeueiia aieiaiea
oaeaeaii enneaaeiaaieth ?iee e cia/aiey iaioa?ia a inaauaiee
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai iieiaeaiey Oe?aeiu e aa aiaoiae iieeoeee a ia?eiae
Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Aeenna?oaio iieacae, /oi iaioa?u aeatho
?aciiia?aciue, aiaaoue, a eiiaaea e oieeaeueiue oaeoieiae/aneee iaoa?eae
aeey aeaeueiaeoaai enneaaeiaaiey oe?aeineie ?aaiethoeee.
Aieueoia aieiaiea a aeenna?oaoeee oaeaeaii iaoiaeeea
enoi/ieeiaaae/aneiai aiaeeca iaioa?ia.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oe?aeineay iaoeeiiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneay ?aaiethoeey,
Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea, iaioa?u, ainiiieiaiey, aeiaaieee, yienoiey?iay
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Iai?? ae?oe. ? 1. Ae?oe ion. Iae.-aeae.a?e. 1,0.
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