1
Aea?aeaaiee aa?ieini?/iee oi?aa?neoao
?i. I. ?. AEoeianueeiai
“Oa?e?anueeee aa?aoe?eiee ?inoeooo”
*e?ie Ieaen?e Iao?iae/
OAeE 621.7.044
Iaoiaee ioe?iee oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? oa ?o aeei?enoaiiy i?e
oa?ii?iioeueni?e ia?iaoe? aeaoaeae aa?aoe?eiiai ae?iaieoeoaa
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.07.04 – oaoiieia?y ae?iaieoeoaa e?oaeueieo aia?ao?a
A a o i ? a o a ? a o
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a –1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia o Aea?aeaaiiio aa?ieini?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?i. I. ?. AEoeianueeiai “Oa?e?anueeee aa?aoe?eiee ?inoeooo” ia
eaoaae?? Oaoiieia?? ae?iaieoeoaa e?oaeueieo aia?ao?a, I?i?noa?noai
ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
AIAEEI Aaea??e Iaaeiae/,
Aea?aeaaiee aa?ieini?/iee
oi?aa?neoao
?i. I. ?. AEoeianueeiai
“OA?”,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Einothe Aaiiaae?e ?ai?iae/,
Aea?aeaaiiiee aa?ieini?/iee
oi?aa?neoao
?i. I. ?. AEoeianueeiai
“OA?”,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e;
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo
iaoe
O?ieia ?aaai
Aiae??eiae/,
Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo
oaoiieia??
iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy, ia/aeueiee
a?aeae?eo.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo
aa?aoe?eii? oaoiieia??
(Oe?IAeIAO),
I?i?noa?noai i?iieneiai?
iie?oeee, i. Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 15 aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo
i 16 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee a Aea?aeaaiiio
aa?ieini?/iiio oi?aa?neoaoo “OA?” ca aae?anith:
310070, i. Oa?e?a, aoe. *eaeiaa 17,
aieiaiee ei?ion, aoae.427
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeieoeny a a?aeeioaoe? Aea?aeaaiiai
aa?ieini?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo “OA?” (i. Oa?e?a, aoe. *eaeiaa 17).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 14 aa?aniy 1999?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ei?i?eia A. E.
e. o. i., i?ioani?
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
AEOOAEUeI?NOUe OAIE: No/ani? aeiiae aei eiieo?aioini?iiiaeii?
aa?aoe?eii? oaoi?ee a ?eieiaeo oiiaao ia?aaeaa/athoue iiaeaeueoa
c?inoaiiy iieaciee?a ?? iaae?eiino? oa ?ano?no. Oea, a naith /a?ao,
ia?aaeaa/a? iaiao?aei?noue i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? aeaioiaeaiiy aa?aoe?eieo
aeaoaeae, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aenieith o?oaeii?noe?noth aeaioiaeaiiy
ca ?aooiie neeaaeii? oi?ie ? aeei?enoaiiy aaaeeiia?iaethaaieo
iaoa??ae?a, aei?noeeie aeiiaaie uiaei oi/iino? e?i?eieo ?ici???a ?
oi?noeino? iiaa?oi? oa ?ioeo.
Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui aenieoaoaoe?ei? iieacieee aeaoaeae oi?iothoueny
ye ia aoaiao o?i?oii? ia?iaee, ye? ? iaea?eueo aaaeeeaeie, oae ? i?ae
/an iiia?aaei?o iia?aoe?e, i?ae ae??th yeeo ci?iththoueny iaai?
iieacieee ae?ia?a. Ianaiia?aae oea noino?oueny iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a, a yeeo
iiaeooue ci?ithaaoeny iieacieee i?e?ioaa?aeino?, oi?noeino?, ei?ic?eii?
no?eeino?, e??i oiai iiaeeeaa aeieeiaiiy aeaoi?iaoe?e oa
i?e?iiai?oaeaiue.
Iniaeeai ae?acii oae? aeanoeaino? iaaoaathoueny i?e
aenieiaia?aaoe/ieo iaoiaeao ia?iaee, iai?eeeaae, i?e aaciaeaooia?e
ca/enooe?, yea aea? iiaeeea?noue c aenieith ye?noth ia?iaeyoe oae?
aeaoae? ? iaoa??aee, aeey yeeo o?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee iaeaea iai?eaeaoi?.
O oie aea /an aieea ae?? aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai (aei 3000E) aaciaiai
na?aaeiaeua ia ia?iaethaaiee iaoa??ae i?aeoe/ii ia aeine?aeaeoaaany.
Oiio aeieeaea iio?aaa o iiaeaeueoiio aea/aii? i?ioeano
aaciaeaooiai? ca/enoee noiniaii ?? aieeao ia iieacieee iiaa?oiaaiai oa?o
aeaoaeae, ui ci?iththoueny i?ae /an ia?iaee iaoe?eueiaei /eiii. Oea
aeicaieeoue, ii–ia?oa, iaeo?ae?coaaoe iaaaoeaiee aieea oaoiieia?? ca
?aooiie ?? aaeineiiaeaiiy, a ii–ae?oaa, ?icoe?eoe ?? iiaeeeaino? oa
i?aeaeueoe aoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy. I?e oeueiio aaaeeeaei ?
aeine?aeaeaiiy iniiaieo iai?yie?a i?eaeaaiiy, ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oa
aca?iiae?? iaoe?eueiaeo aeanoeainoae ia aoaiao ae?iaieoeoaa aeaoaeae, a
oaeiae aeyaeaiiy oa?aeoa?o ?o ?icaeoeo a ia??iae aenieoaoaoe??, ui
iiaea aooe canoiniaaii, ye iaoai?ci ea?oaaiiy oeeie i?ioeanaie,
aeoiaey/e c oaoi?/ieo oiia uiaei iieaciee?a iaae?eiino? ? ?ano?no. Ne?ae
cacia/eoe, ui a oiiaao aa?aoe?eiiai ae?iaieoeoaa oea iaaoaa? aaaeeeaiai
cia/aiiy aiane?aeie aenieeo aeiia aei i?iaeoeoe??.
Oaeei /eiii, aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?aeoa?o aeieeiaiiy, ?iciianthaeaeaiiy
oa ?icaeoeo aeanoeainoae aeaoaeae, yeeo aiia iaaoaa? i?ae /an ia?iaee
iaoe?eueiaei oeyoii, a oaeiae ?ic?iaea iaoiaeee oa iaoaiaoe/ieo
iiaeaeae, ui a?aeia?aaeathoue oe? yaeua, ? aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith, ui
iio?aao? naiai ae??oaiiy.
IAOA OA CAAAeAIIss AeINE?AeAEAIIss: Iaoith aeena?oaoe?? ? ?ic?iaea
iaoiae?a ioe?iee oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? aeey i?aeaeuaiiy yeino?
ia?iaee aeaoaeae aa?aoe?eiie oaoi?ee.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe cai?iiiiiaaii ae??oaiiy oaeeo
caaaeaiue:
· ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c aieeao aenieiaia?aaoe/ieo oaoiieia?e ia
aeanoeaino? iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a aeaoaeae;
· ?ic?iaea iaoiae?a ioe?iee oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? i?e ia?iaoe?
aeaoaeae;
· ?ic?iaea iaoaiaoe/ieo oa o?ce/ieo iiaeaeae i?ioean?a, ui
noi?iaiaeaeothoue ca/enoeo aaciaei aeaooii ? aiae?oe/ieo caeaaeiinoae,
ui iia’ycothoue ci?io aaiiao?e/ieo oa o?ceei–iaoai?/ieo ia?aiao??a c
oaoiieia?/ieie ?aaeeiaie ia?iaee.
· i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue aieeao oaoiieia?/ii?
niaaeeiaino? ia aaiiao?e/i?, o?ce/ii–iaoai?/i? oa no?ee?ni? aeanoeaino?
ae?ia?a.
· ?ic?iaea ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c aeai?o ?aoe?iiaeueieo oaoiieia?/ieo
i?ioean?a c o?aooaaiiyi niaaeeiaino?, a oaeiae i?iiiceoe?e uiaei iiaeo
aaciaeaooiaeo oaoiieia?e.
IAOIAeEEA AeINE?AeAEAIUe: Cai?iiiiiaaia a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?
iaoiaeeea aiae?co aeieeiaiiy, ?icaeoeo oa aca?iiae?? iaoe?eueiaeo
aeanoeainoae i?ae /an ae?iaieoeoaa, a oaeiae iaoiaeeea aiae?co aieeao
aaciaeaooiai? ca/enoee ia iieacieee aeaoaeae aaco?oueny ia canoinoaaii?
aeaeo?iiii–ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee ? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny eiiieaeniei
ae??oaiiyi iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue.
Aeey ?ic?iaee iiaeaeae canoiniaaii a?aeiia?aeiee iaoaiaoe/iee
aia?ao (?ioaa?aeueia ia/eneaiiy, oai??y iao?eoeue oiui), i?e oeueiio
cai?iiiiiaai? a?iioace aeaee iiaeeea?noue aea/aoe oaoiieia?/i?
aeanoeaino? aeaoaeae ye ooieoe?th /ano. Oaieia? caaea/? ae??ooaaeeny c
aeei?enoaiiyi ??aiyiue oaieii?ia?aeiino? oa iaoiae?a e?ioeaaeo
aeaiaio?a.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue o Oa?e?anueeiio
aa?aoe?eiiio ?inoeooo?, ia Iae?oiiieuenueeiio iioi?iiio caaiae?, a OeCI
caaiaeo “E?aniee Eo/”, i. E?aniee Eo/ oa a eaai?aoi??? ei?ic??
iaoeiai–aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo iniiaii? o?i??, i. Oa?e?a.
IAOEIAA IIAECIA: ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee ioe?iee oaoiieia?/ii?
niaaeeiaino? oa aia?oa iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii iiaeae? oa iaoiaeeee, ui
aeicaieythoue cae?enieoe ioe?ieo aeieeiaiiy, ?iciianthaeaeaiiy, ?icaeoeo
oa aca?iiae?? aeanoeainoae, ye? iaaoaathoueny iaoe?eueiaei oeyoii i?ae
/an oaoi?ioeano ye ooieoe?? /ano. Aeeiiaii eiiieaeniee aiae?c oeeo
aeanoeainoae (oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?) ye ia’?eoo
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aaca?aeiinii aei ?o o?ce/ii? nooo?aino?. E??i oiai
cai?iiiiiaai? iaoiaee oi?ioaaiiy aace aeaieo noiniaii aenieiaia?aaoe/ieo
i?ioean?a.
Aeeiiaii aiae?c oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? i?ioeano aaciaeaooiai?
ca/enoee, yea oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ?ioaineaiith ae??th ia ia?iaethaaio
aeaoaeue aeniei? oaiia?aoo?e (3000E), aa?aneaiiai aaciaiai na?aaeiaeua
oa oaea?ii? oaee?.
Iaa?oioiaaii o?ce/io iiaeaeue i?ioean?a, ui noi?iaiaeaeothoue
?ioaineaia iaa??aaiiy aino?iai eeeio (?aa?a /e caaee?ee) i?ae /an
ei?ioei/aniiai aieeao ia eiai iiaa?oith aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai aaciaiai
na?aaeiaeua. ?ic?iaeaii /eneiao iiaeaeue iiaaae?iee iiaa?oiaaiai oa?o
iaoa??aeo aeaoae? i?e oa?ii?iioeueniiio iaaaioaaeaii? ye aa??aoe?th
iaoiaeo e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a.
Iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino?, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue i?ioean ceiio
iaoa??aeo ia aino?eo ?aa?ao, ye? aeicaieythoue aecia/eoe ?aae?one ?o
ne?oaeaiiy oa ?aaeeie ia?iaee aeey caiia?aaiiy iieaaeaiiy ?aaa?.
?ic?iaeaii ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei i?iaeooaaiiy oaoiieia?/ieo
i?ioean?a, ye? aeeth/athoue aaciaeaooiao ia?iaeo, c iaoith i?i?i?caoe??
iaaaoeaiiai aieeao oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? ia
aenieoaoaoe?ei? iieacieee ae?ia?a.
I?AEOE*IA Oe?II?NOUe: Aeei?enoaiiy eiiieaenieo iaoiaeee a?aooaaiiy
oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? aeicaieeoue aeeeth/eoe c
oaoiieia?/ii? i?aeaioiaee ae?iaieoeoaa aoai aeine?aeiiai ii?aoethaaiiy
oaoiieia??, ui iiaea aooe aeinyaiooi ca ?aooiie iiia?aaeiueiai
eiiieaeniiai aiae?co iaoe?eueiaeo aeanoeainoae ua ia aoai? neeaaeaiiy
oaoiieia??. Oea aea? iiaeeea?noue cieceoe no?iee oaoiieia?/ii?
i?aeaioiaee ae?iaieoeoaa ia 7…8%, a aeo?aoe ia ?? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy –
iaeaea ia 20%. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoiaeee oaeiae aeicaiey? nooo?ai ciaioeoe
caeoee a?ae a?aeo aioiaeo ae?ia?a oa i?aeaeueoe ia 12…15% ?o
iaae?ei?noue oa ?ano?n ca ?aooiie iaeo?ae?caoe?? ia aoai? ae?iaieoeoaa
aeaoaeo?a, ye? iiaeooue aeyaeoeny i?ae /an aenieoaoaoe??.
Aeyaeaiiy ? aiae?c aieeao oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?
aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee aeicaiey? iie?aueoe ?? oa?aeoa?enoeee oa ?icoe?eoe
noa?o canoinoaaiiy, ui aaaea aei cieaeaiiy aeo?ao ia o?i?oi? iia?aoe??
i?eaeecii ia 13%. Oea iiaea aooe aeinyaiooi ca ?aooiie aeei?enoaiiy
cai?iiiiiaaieo ?aaeei?a aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee, cie?aia oaeeo, ye? ia
i?eaiaeyoue aei ?noioiiai ciaioaiiy ei?ic?eii? no?eeino?, a oaeiae aei
iiyae i?e?iaeaoaeo?a oa caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue.
Aacoth/enue ia aeei?enoaii? ?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, aoei cai?iiiiiaaii iia? oaoiieia?/i? i?ioeane c
aeei?enoaiiyi oa?i?/ii? aia?a?? aaciaiai aeaooo, ia ye? iiaeaii cayaee
ia a?aeiia?aei? i??i?eoaoi? aeieoiaioe. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy cai?iiiiiaaieo
oaoiieia?e caa?thaaiiy, eeaiaiiy oa i?noeaaiai iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy
ia?aaeaa/a? nooo?aa cieaeaiiy nia?aa?oino? oa i?aeaeuai-iy aoaeoeaiino?
a?aeiia?aeieo i?ioean?a o aaeocyo aa?aoe?eiiai ae?iaieoeoaa.
I?AEOE*IA ?AAE?CAOe?ss ?IAIOE: ?iaioa iaae aeena?oaoe??th
i?iaiaeeeanue o ?aieao aea?aeathaeaeaoii? iaoeiai? oaie ?A104 – 40/95
“Aieea aaciaiai aeaooo ia eiino?oeoe?ei? iaoa??aee”, yea aeeth/aia aei
oaiaoe/iiai ieaio iaoeiai–aeine?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o I?iina?oe Oe?a?ie ia
1995–99??. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe o aeaeyae? oaoiieia?/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e
?aae?ciaai? ia E?aniieooeueeiio iaoeiiaoae?aiiio caaiae? (Eoaainueea
iaeanoue). Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiue aoei ioi?ieaii i??i?eoaoi?
aeieoiaioe ia iia? niiniae aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee (cayaee ia iaoaioe ??
95125137, 96083097, 95083097).
IA CAOENO AEIINssOUeNss:
1. Ooieoe?iiaeueiee oa eia?/iee iaoiaee aiae?co aeieeiaiiy, aca?iiae??
oa ?iciianthaeaeaiiy iaoe?eueiaeo aeanoeainoae, ye oaeoi??a
oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?, ui iaaoaathoueny aeaoaeeth i?ae /an ??
ia?iaee.
2. Aeai?eoi aeai?o iioeiaeueieo oaoiieia?/ieo ia?o?oo?a c oi/ee ci?o
i?i?i?caoe?? iaaaoeaieo iane?aee?a ia?iaee.
3. Aiae?c iniaeeainoae oaoiieia?? oa?ii?iioeuenii? ca/enoee, iaoiaeeeo
?ic?aooieo ?aae?on?a ne?oaeaiiy aino?eo ?aaa? oa aeai?o oaoiieia?/ieo
?aaeei?a, ui ia i?eaiaeyoue aei iieaaethaaiiy ?aaa?.
4. E?ioeaai–aeaiaioia iiaeaeue aecia/aiiy iane?aee?a ei?ioei/aniaiai
aieeao aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai aaciaiai na?aaeiaeua ia iaoa??ae aeaoae?
noiniaii ci?ie ?? aaiiao?e/ieo (?aae?one ne?oaeaiiy) ? o?ceei–iaoai?/ieo
(oiaueia oa?o iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy) aeanoeainoae, a oaeiae ?aaeei?a
(/an ia?iaee), ye? aeicaieythoue iaea?aeaoe caaeai? ia?aiao?e ia ?aa?ao.
5. ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei aeai?o ?aaeei?a aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee, ye?
caaacia/othoue i?i?iaeueiee iaaaoeaiee aieea ia iaoa??ae.
IOAE?EAOe?ss OA AI?IAAOe?ss ?IAIOE: ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
iioae?eiaai? a 6 iaoeiaeo noaooyo oa aeiaeaoeiai ina?oeai? a 5-o
noaooyo, 2-o cayaeao ia aeiaoiaee oa oacao aeiiia?aeae.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe i?iaiaeeeanue ia iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
“Aaaa??inuee? /eoaiiy” o Iineianueeiio aa?aoe?eii-oaoiieia?/iiio
?inoeooo?, ia i?aeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo “Iia? oaoiieia?? o
iaoeiiaoaeoaaii?” Oa?e?a–?eaa/a o 1996-1997 ?ieao, ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
?aae? Oa?e?anueeiai aa?aoe?eiiai ?inoeoooo, ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? ani??aio?a o Aea?aeaaiiio aa?ieini?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
(OA?), 1999 ?.
NO?OEOO?A OA IANssA ?IAIOE: ?aoa?iaaia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
5 ?icae?e?a oa aeniiae?a caaaeueiei ianyaii 124 noi??iie,
?iaioa i?noeoue 33 oaaeeoe?, 31 ?enoie?a, nienie e?oa?aoo?e c 127
iaeiaioaaiue, aeeeaaeaieo a?aeiia?aeii ia 25, 12 oa 14 noi??ieao.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? i?aee?aneaia aeooaeuei?noue cai?iiiiiaaii? oaie,
noi?ioeueiaaii ?? iaoeiao iiaecio, a?aecia/aia iaoa ? caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiue, ?icaeyiooa ia?niaeoeai?noue iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiue,
a oaeiae iaaaaeaia caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe.
A ia?oiio ?icae?e? iiaeaii ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ?nioth/eo
aenieiaia?aaoe/ieo o?i?oieo oaoiieia?e, ?o iniiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee oa
oaoiieia?/i? iiaeeeaino?. Aeeiiaii aiae?c iniiaieo ci?i o
o?ceei–iaoai?/ieo, aaiiao?e/ieo oa no?ee?nieo iieacieeao iiaa?oiaaiai
oa?o i?ae aieeaii oa?i?/ieo ?iioeuen?a.
?icaeyaeathoueny aa??aioe eeaneo?eaoe?? oaoi?ioean?a ca aeaea?aeii
aia?a??, ui aeei?enoiao?oueny: eaca?iee i?ii?iue, aaciaee aeaoo, iioiee
?ii?a oa aeaeo?ii?a. ?icaeyiooi aa??aio eeaneo?eaoe?? i?ioean?a ca
oe?eueiaei aieeaii: iiaa?oiaaa ci?oeiaiiy, ca/enoea, iaianaiiy iie?eoue,
eaaoaaiiy, oi?iiooai?aiiy ? aeaye? ?io?.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia no/aniee ia??iae iaea?eueo iioe?aieie ? eaca?i?
oaoiieia??, ye? cie?aia aeathoue iiaeeea?noue iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy
iaoa??aeo a 2…2,5 ?ace ia aeeaeio aeecueei 100…200 iei. Oaeee noai
iiaea aooe iiyniaiee i?inoioith canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeo oa aeinoaoiueith
aea/ai?noth eiai oaoiieia?/ieo iane?aee?a, cie?aia ia?a?iciiae?eo oac o
iaoa??ae? oa iiyae oa?i?/ieo iai?oaeaiue o iiaa?oiaaiio oa??, ye?
iiaeooue i?eaiaeeoe aei ei?iaeaiiy iaaei?noeeo aeaoaeae. ?acii c oei
caaaeyee oe?ieiio ?iciianthaeaeaiith oe??? oaoiieia?? aoee ae?iaeai?
aoaeoeai? caniae i?ioeae?? a?aeiia?aeiei iaaaoeaiei iane?aeeai.
Ii??aiyii c eaca?ii ?iii? ? aeaeo?iii? io/ee aaeeaathoueny cia/ii
??aeoa. Iaea?eueo i?e?iaeiei aeey ?iiii? ia?iaee ? noai?aiiy iie?eoue oa
aianaiiy eaaoth/eo aeaiaio?a a iiaa?oiaaee oa? iaoa??ae?a. I?e oeueiio,
cie?aia, iiaea aooe aeinyaiooi aianaiiy aoii?a a?aiio oa acioo ia
aeeaeio aei 40 iei. Aeaeo?iii? io/ee, ianaiia?aae, canoiniaothoueny aeey
caa?thaaiiy oa iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy (aei 30 iei).
Oa?i?/ia aia?a?y aaciaiai aeaooo iae/ano?oa aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey
ca/enieo iia?aoe?e, i?e oeueiio iiaeeeaa iieaaethaaiiy caaee?ie c
oiaueiith a?ey ?aa?a aei 0,3…0,4 ii. Iieacaii, ui iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie
aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee no?eio?oueny iaaeinoaoiueith aea/aii?noth
iane?aee?a ?? aieeao ia iaoa??ae.
A?aei?/aii, ui cacia/ai? i?ioeane oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aeineoue
aeecueeeie cia/ai-iyie u?eueiino? iiooaeiino? oaieiaiai iioieo (2…3
eAo/ni2), a oaeiae oiiaaie ia?iaee (eieaeueia iaa??aaiiy), caaaeyee /iio
aeine?aeaeaiiy noiniaii aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee aeioe?eueii i?iaiaeeoe
a?aeiinii oaeoi??a, ui ? caaaeueieie aeey ia?iaee ?ioeie iaoiaeaie, a
naia: eieaeueia ci?oeithaaiiy, noai?aiiy i?e?iaeaoaeo?a, ci?ia
noeeueiino? aei ei?ic?? ? o. ?ioa.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/aii ?ic?iaoe? iaoiae?a ioe?iee aieeao
oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?. I?e oeueiio iaaiee aianie o ?icaeoie
oaoiieia?/ieo iaoiae?a caaacia/aiiy yeino? iaoei c?iaeee oae? iaoeiaoe?,
ye Eieani?eia E. N, ?uaeia ?. A., Noneia A. A., A?eai?ueyioe
A. A., Eiaaeaiei A. N., ssua?eoeei I. ?. Aeaeueneee I. I. E?eaoeia A.
N., Einothe A. ?. oa ?io?. ?icae?e i?noeoue iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?, ui
oa?aeoa?ecothoue iiaaae?ieo oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? ye
ia’?eoo aeine?aeaeaiiy. C oe??th iaoith ?icaeyiooi iniiai? ?nioth/?
iaoiaeeee ioe?iee yaeua aianaiiy oa ?iciianthaeaeaiiy iaoe?eueiaeo
aeanoeainoae, yea iaea?aeaei iacao yaeu oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?. I?e
oeueiio iniiaiei eiai e?euee?niei iieacieeii ? eiao?oe??io oaoiieia?/ii?
niaaeeiaino? EON, yeee iiaea aooe aecia/aiee ye a?aeiioaiiy cia/aiiy
iiaiiai oaeoi?o a e?ioe? aeayei? iia?aoe?? oaoi?ioeano aei eiai aaee/eie
ia ii/aoeo.
Iiaeaii ia?ae?e aeiia aei iniaeeainoae ci?ie EON, ye?
oa?aeoa?ecothoue iiceoeaio /e iaaaoeaio aeanoea?noue ia?iaethaaii?
aeaoae?.
Cai?iiiiiaaii a?iioace, ye? aeathoue iiaeeea?noue ia?aeoe aei
aiae?co ci?ie EON ye ooieoe?? /ano i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano ia?iaee.
Aeey oeueiai aaaaeaii iiiyooy i?i oaoiieia?/ii iaeii??aei? ae?eyiee
oaoi?ioeano OIAe, ia yeeo EON oaeiae ? iaaiith ooieoe??th /ano:
, (1)
aea En – eiao?oe??io oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?,
NI – ii/aoeiaa cia/aiiy oaeoi?o niaaeeiaino? ia aoiae? aei OIAe,
f() – ooieoe?y /ano, ui oa?aeoa?eco? ci?io oaeoi?o niaaeeiaino? ia
OIAe.
Oaeee i?aeo?ae aea? iiaeeea?noue neeaaeaoe aeeoa?aioe?aeuei? ??aiyiiy,
ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue aacia?a?aio ci?io EON ia iaai?e OIAe.
Oaeei /eiii oaoi?ioean iiaea aooe ioa?aeoa?eciaaiee iiceoeaii, yeui:
aeey ei?enii? aeanoeaino? ia? i?noea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
[(A) [(A) (C) (D)]] (E) =TRUE, (2)
aeey iaaaoeaii? aeanoeaino? – (C) (E) (F)=TRUE, (3)
aea (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) – iaai? oiiae, ui caienai? a
aeeoa?aioe?eiiio aeaeyae? oa ye? iathoue eia?/ia cia/aiiy TRUE /e FALSE.
Oiiaa (A) wmetafile8? ??T?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy????????&?
?MathType??`????&??yyyy??????????, (4)
wmetafile8? ??T?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy????????&?
?MathType??`????&??yyyy?????????? Oiiaa (A), (5)
wmetafile8? ??T?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy????????&?
?MathType??`????&??yyyy?????????? Oiiaa (C),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,
(6)
wmetafile8? ??T?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy????????&?
?MathType??`????&??yyyy?????????? Oiiaa (D), (7)
Oiiaa (E) wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????@
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyya???????&?
?MathType??`????u@th??????
Oiiaa (F), (9)
Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo iaea?aeaiiy ooieoe?? f() ia iniia? iaaii? aace
aeaieo ye noie aaciai? noaiaiaai? ooieoe?? oa ia??iaee/ii? neioni?aee.
E??i icia/aii? iaoiaeeee aeciaii aeioe?eueiei i?iaaaeaiiy eiiieaeniiai
aea/aiiy aca?iiae?? oa ?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeanoeainoae, yeeo iaaoaa?
aeaoaeue i?e ia?iaoe?. Aeey oeueiai cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo eia?/iiai
aiae?co, yea ia?aaeaa/a? aeaoe a?aeiia?aeue ia ieoaiiy i?i i?eaeaaiiy
iaaii? iaaaoeaii? aeanoeaino? a e?ioe? oaoi?ioeano. Aeey oeueiai
aeei?enoiao?oueny aaeoi?, ui i?noeoue o?eueee cia/aiiy 1 e 0, ye?
a?aeiia?aeathoue iayaiino? /e i?aeoe/i?e a?aenooiino? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai
oaeoi?o oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? o e?ioe? aoaio ia?iaee. Oeae aaeoi?
neeaaea?oueny ?c aeaiaio?a aieiaii? ae?aaiiae? e?ioeaai? iao?eoe?
wmetafile8? ??§????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy®yyy???®?????&??MathType?? ?
???u?????????”????-?????Z?n????Z????u@th??????
, (10)
aea A – iao?eoey aianaiiy oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?;
S – aecia/a? aoi?eiiee aieea oaoiieia?/ieo iia?aoe?e;
V – iao?eoey, ui oa?aeoa?eco? aoi?eiiee aieea oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii?
niaaeeiaino?.
Oaeei /eiii, aea?? iioeiaeueiiai aa??aioo oaoi?ioeano c o?aooaaiiyi
oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? a?aeaoaa?oueny ca aeai?eoiii, aeie-noaia
yeiai iaaaaeaia ia ?en. 1.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? cacia/aii, ui iaea?eueoei oaeoi?ii ?eceeo c
oi/ee ci?o iaaaoeaii? niaaeeiaino? ? o?i?oi? iia?aoe??, a na?aae ieo
oae?, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aeniei?ioaineaiei aieeaii ia ia?iaethaaiee
ae??a. Aei ieo a?aeiineoueny aaciaeaooiaa ca/enoea ye aenieiaoaeoeaiee
oaoi?ioean aa?aoe?eiiai ae?iaieoeoaa.
Aeey aecia/aiiy ?aae?ona ne?oaeaiiy ?aa?a c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo
eiioi?iieo a?aeia?aaeaiue iaea?aeaia caeaaei?noue:
aea k i – iii?aai/iee eiao?oe??io, ui caeaaeeoue a?ae ?iaeo
iaoa??aeo;
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00160011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffc6ffffff20010000860100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000300010000000fb0280fe0000000000009001010000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a60013400010000006c000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000,
picscalex910100090000038900000002001200000000000500000009020000000004000
00002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e0118000500000031020100000005000
0000b0200000000050000000c02e00180011200000026060f001a00ffffffff000010000
000c0ffffff3000000040010000100200000b00000026060f000c004d617468547970650
000600010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001010000020002001053796d626f6c00020
40000002d01000009000000320a20014000010000007200f6000a00000026060f000a00f
fffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797
374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000, n – eiao?oe??io
oaieii?ia?aeiino?, u?euei?noue, oa oaieii?noe?noue iaoa??aeo;
E – eiao?oe??io;
picscalex172010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600140011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff2600000000010000860100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000300010000000fb0280fe0000000000009001010000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a000116000100000074000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 – o?eaae?noue ae??
oa?i?/iiai ?iioeueno.
Aeey caiia?aaiiy iieaaeaiiy ?aaa? ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo
a?aie/ieo cia/aiue ia?aiao??a ia?iaee. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iieaaeaiiy ia
a?aeaoaa?oueny, yeui eoo ?aa?a ia?aaeuo? a?aie/iee
picscalex114010009000003d20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002c0021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffa6ffffff80020000060200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000700015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e00cc67040000002d01000008000000320ae001f30101000000f0001500
0000fb02e0fe0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e00cc67040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320ae001400101000000ef00
10000000fb0280fe0000000000009001010000020002001053796d626f6c000204000000
2d01000004000000f001010008000000320a800146000100000062000a00000026060f00
0a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc01020222
53797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000
, (12)
aea wmetafile8? ??‰????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy ??°?????&?
?MathType??0????u@th??????wmetafile8? ??‰????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
? ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy0???`??°?????&?
?MathType??0????u@th?????? iino? i?e oaiia?aoo??
iaoa??aeo oa aaciaiai na?aaeiaeua;
wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy????????&?
?MathType??`????u@th?????? iaoa??aeo oa
oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiiy iaoa??aeo.
A?ao?/i? caeaaeiino? ?aae?ona ne?oaeaiiy ?aa?a a?ae aaiiao?e/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee aeaeaethaaieo eeoe?a oa a?aie/ieo cia/aiue eooa aeey
aeayeeo iaoa??ae?a iaaaaeaii ia ?en. 2, 3.
C iaoith i?i?i?caoe?? iaaaoeaiiai aieeao ae?? aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai
aaciaiai na?aaeiaeua aoei aecia/aii ia?aiao?e ia?iaee, ye? ? i?i?iaeueii
aeinoaoi?ie aeey ?ic?a??ao iaoa??aeo aei oaiia?aoo?e ieaaeaiiy
Aeey a?eueo oi/iiai aiae?co iaea?aeoaaieo ia?aiao??a aeaoae?,
cie?aia, c o?aooaaiiyi iano?eeino? oaieio?ce/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee
iaoa??aeo, aoea cai?iiiiiaaia /eneiaa iiaeaeue ia iniia? aa??aioo
iaoiaea e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a. Aiia iaaea? iiaeeea?noue a?eueo oi/iiai
?ic?aooieo ?aae?on?a ne?oaeaiiy ?aaa?, aeeaeie oa oi?ie ciie oa?i?/iiai
ci?oeiaiiy, a oaeiae /ano, i?i?iaeueii aeinoaoiueiai aeey ia?iaee.
Aiae?c iaaooeo aaiiao?e/ieo oa o?ceei–iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae
iieaco?, ui iniiaiei oaeoi?ii ?eceeo c oi/ee ci?o aenieoaoaoe?eieo
ia?aiao??a aeaoae? ? noeeuei?noue aei ei?ic??, yea aecia/aeanue
aenia?eiaioaeueii.
*aoaa?oee ?icae?e i?noeoue ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, a oaeiae ioe?ieo oi/iino? iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae oa
?ic?aooieiaeo iaoiaeee.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e?ioe?o?a iiaa?oi? aenia?eiaioaeueieo c?ace?a oa
?aaeueieo aeaoaeae i?iaiaeeeinue c aeei?enoaiiyi iioe/iiai i?e?ineiia
IAI-6 c 150–e?aoiei ca?eueoaiiyi.
–––––
–––––
?en. 3. Caeaaeiino? ?aae?ona ne?oaeaiiy ?aa?a a?ae
aaiiao?e/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?aa?a: 1–cae?ci, 2–aethi?i?e, 3–i?aeue.
Aoea anoaiiaeaia i?aeoe/ia a?aenooi?noue i?e?iaeaoaeo?a, ui c
o?aooaaiiyi a?ao?ea ?iciiae?eo i?e?ioaa?aeino? ca aeeaeiith na?ae/eoue
i?i iiaia ciyooy oa?i?/ieo iai?oaeaiue i?ney ia?iaee.
Aeey aeine?aeaeaiue aeeaeie ci?oeiaiiy aoee aeaioiaeai? niaoe?aeuei?
c?acee, ui iathoue eeeiiaeaei? aenooie c eooaie 15, 30, 60 oa 120 (?en.
4.). Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeeaeia iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy oa nooi?iue
iieaaethaaiiy ?aa?a (?en. 5) i?iii?oe?ei? iiooaeiino? oaieiaiai iioieo a
?iai/?e eaia??, oa cai?ioii i?iii?oe?eia eooia? i?e aa?oei?
ci?oeithaaiiai ?aa?a, ui iiai?noth ocaiaeaeo?oueny c ?acoeueoaoaie
oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue. I?e oeueiio aeeaeia ci?oeiaiiy aeinyaa?
100…200 iei, a iioeaea oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a ia ia?aaeuo? 20% aeey
aiae?oe/ieo oa 5% aeey /enaeueieo iaoiae?a (?en. 6, 7).
?aae?one ne?oaeaiiy aino?eo ?aaa? aoee aecia/ai? c aeei?enoaiiyi
iioe/iiai i?e?ineiia IA?–6, i?e oeueiio anoaiiaeaii, ui iieaaeaiiy ?aaa?
a?aeaoaa?oueny ia iiaa?oi?, aeoaea aeecueei? aei oai?aoe/ii?, ui
i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeioe?euei?noue i?eeiyoeo o oai?aoe/iiio aiae?c? a?iioac.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ei?ic?eii? no?eeino? aeaoaeae, ui aoee ia?iaeai? aaciaei
aeaooii, i?iaiaeeeinue a?aa?iao?e/iei iaoiaeii c aeei?enoaiiyi
i?enei?aii? iaoiaeeee o ?ic/eiao NaCl oa o aiaeii?ia?aei?e aiae?.
Aoei anoaiiaeaii ia?noioia iaae?iiy no?eeino? iaoa??aeo aei ei?ic??,
oaeaee?noue yei? aeey cia/ii? a?eueoino? c?ace?a ia ia?aa?eueoo? 0,005
a/(i2aiae), oiaoi aeine?aeaeoaai? c?acee oa eiio?ieuei? c?acee
a?aeiinyoueny aei iaei??? a?oie no?eeino? oa iathoue a a?eueoino?
aeiaaee?a /aoaa?oee aae.
?en. 4. Aenia?aiaioaeuei? c?acee aeey oa?ii?iioeuenii? ia?iaee.
?en. 5. ?acoeueoaoe oa?ii?iioeuenii? ia?iaee aino?eo ?aaa?.
?en. 6. Caeaaei?noue aeeaeie ci?oeiaiiy a?ae eooa eeeia.
I’yoee ?icae?e i?enay/aii ?aae?caoe?? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Cai?iiiiiaaii oaoiieia?/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei aeai?o aa??aio?a
oaoi?ioean?a, ye? caaacia/othoue i?i?iaeueio iaaaoeaio niaaeeia?noue, a
oaeiae oi?ioaaiiy aeanoeainoae aeaoaeae i?ae /an ia?iaee.
?ic?iaeaii iniiai? e?eoa??? aeai?o ia?aiao??a i?ioeano
aaciaeaooiai? ca/enoee oa i?eaaaeai? eiao?oe??ioe oaoiieia?/ii?
niaaeeiaino?, ye? coiiaeththoue ?aaeeie ia?iaee, ui i?aeoe/ii ia
aiinyoue iaaaoeaii? niaaeeiaino?.
Iiaeaii ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aei iioei?caoe?? oaoi?ioean?a, ui
aeeth/athoue aaciaeaooiao ca/enoeo, ye? cie?aia, oi?eathoueny aeai?o
ia?o?oo?a ia?iaee c iaoith caa?aaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo iiceoeaii?, a oaeiae
iaeo?ae?caoe?? iaaaoeaii? niaaeeiaino?.
Ia i?eeeaae? i?ioeano iieaaeaiy aino?iai ?aa?a ?ic?iaeaii oeiiao
iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo ?icaeoeo aeanoeainoae oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? ye
ooieoe?? /ano. Oea coiiaeei aeniiaee i?i oa, ui ne?oae?iiy aino?iai
?aa?a ? iiceoeaiith aeanoea?noth i?ioeano aaciaeaooiai? ca/enoee. A
?ac?, yeui ne?oaeaiiy ?aaa? ia ia?aaeaa/aii oaoi?/ieie oiiaaie, ne?ae
aanoe ia?iaeo ca iaoiaeeeith, ui caaacia/o? ia?iaeo aac iieaaeaiiy
?aaa?.
Aeeiiaii oaoi?ei–aeiiii?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?ic?iaeaiieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e o ae?iaieoeoai. Aeiiii?/iee aoaeo
aeinyaa?oueny, ianaiia?aae, ca ?aooiie ?icoe?aiiy ianya?a canoinoaaiiy
oaoiieia??
Ca ?aooiie iiia?aaeaeaiy iaaaoeaii? niaaeeiaino? i/?eo?oueny oaeiae
aoaeo a?ae i?aeaeuaiiy iieaciee?a iaae?eiino? oa ?ano?no ae?ia?a
i???ioiaii ia 12…15%,. E??i oiai i/?eo?oueny cieaeaiiy no?ie?a
oaoiieia?/ii? i?aeaioiaee ae?iaieoeoaa oa aeo?ao ia ?? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy.
CAAAEUeI? AENIIAEE
1. I?iaaaeaii aiae?c aieeao aenieiaia?aaoe/ieo iaoiae?a ia?iaee ia noai
ia?iaethaaieo aeaoaeae. I?e oeueiio anoaiiaeaii, ui i?ae /an oaoi?ioeano
ia aeaoae? ae?? aeineoue neeaaeiee eiiieaen oaeoi??a, ye? aeeeeeathoue
cia/i? a?aeoeeaiiy o noai? iiaa?oiaaiai oa?o, iai?eeeaae, i?e
aaciaeaooiaie ca/enooe? oea ?noioia, o 2…3 ?ace ci?oeiaiiy eieaeueieo
ae?eyiie iiaa?oi? iiaeeco aino?eo ?aaa? ia aeeaeio aei 2 ii, iieaaeaiiy
iaoa??aeo oa ?io? ci?ie.
2. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee ioe?iee ?icaeoeo oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii?
niaaeeiaino? ye ooieoe?? /ano ia?iaee aeaoaeae. Cacia/aii, ui
oi?iae?ciaaiee aiae?c i?ioeano ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oa aca?iiae??
oniaaeeiaoaaieo oaeoi??a aeioe?eueii i?iaiaeeoe ia iniia? canoinoaaiiy
ianea?a eia?/ieo ooieoe?e, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue nooi?iue aieeaiaino?
eiaeiiai c ieo ia aenieoaoaoe?ei? iieacieee. Oea aeeeeeaii aeineoue
neeaaeiei eiiieaenii aieeaiaeo oaeoi??a, coiiaeaieo niaoeeo?eith
aa?aoe?eieo aeaoaeae.
3. I?iaaaeaii aiae?c i?ioean?a aeieeiaiiy, ?iciianthaeaeaiiy, aca?iiae??
oa ?icaeoeo oaeoi??a oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? o oaoi?ioeanao, ui
aeeth/athoue oa?ii?iioeuenio ia?iaeo. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeoiaey/e c
aeineoue aei?noeeo aeiia aei yeino? aeaoaeae aa?aoe?eii? oaoi?ee
aeioe?eueiei ? eiiieaeniee aiae?c oe??? ia?iaee ca oiiae i?i?i?caoe?? ??
iaaaoeaiiai aieeao.
4. Cai?iiiiiaaii o?ce/i? oa iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? i?ioean?a, ui
noi?iaiaeaeothoue iaa??aaiiy aeaiaio?a aeaoae? o aenieioaiia?aoo?iiio
aaciaiio na?aaeiaeuo?. I?e oeueiio anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo
aaeaeaaoiith ? iiaeaeue ?iioeueniiai iaa??aaiiy iai?aaaceiia/iiai eeeio.
I?e oeueiio iioeaee ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a ia
ia?aaeuothoue 20% aeey aiae?oe/iiai oa 5% aeey /enaeueiiai ??oaiiy.
5. Iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aeey aecia/aiiy ?aae?ona ne?oaeaiiy
aino?eo ?aaa? oa ?aaeei?a aaciaeaooiai? ca/enoee, ui ia i?eaiaeyoue aei
iieaaeaiiy iaoa??aeo. ?ic?aoiaai? iaeneiaeuei? ?aae?one nyaathoue
0,5…0,6ii oa iinooiiai c?inoathoue c i?aeaeuaiiyi ?ici???a caee?ie
i?iii?oe?eii aei o?eaaeino? i?ioeano. Aeaoae? iiaeooue aooe ia?iaeai?
aac iieaaeaiiy ?aaa?, yeui ?o eoo ia ia?aaeuo?, cie?aia, 34…58 aeey
30OANA, 25…48,6 aeey 14O17I2 o caeaaeiio? a?ae aeiaaeeie aeaeaethaaieo
eeoe?a.
6. Cacia/aii, ui iaeneiaeuei? oa?i?/i? iai?oaeaiiy ia ia?aaeuothoue 75%
a?ae a?aieoeue oaeo/ino?, ui na?ae/eoue i?i i?aeoe/io a?aenooi?noue
caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue i?ney ciyooy oa?i?/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy.
A?aoiaoth/e neeaaei?noue yaeu, ye? noi?iaiaeaeothoue oa?ii?iioeuenio
ca/enoeo, aeey aiae?co i?ioeano iaa??aaiiy ? iieaaeaiiy ?aaa?
aeei?enoiaoaaeany cai?iiiiiaaia aa??aoe?y iaoiaeo e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a.
Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueo?oe na?ae/aoue, ui ca /an ia?iaee (0,1…0,2 n),
ii?yae c iieaaeaiiyi caaee?ie oa ?aaa? a?aeaoaa?oueny ci?oeiaiiy ciie
iiaeeco aino?eo ?aaa? ia aeeaeio 1,5 ii aeey eooa ?aa?a 15.
7. Aenia?eiaioaeueiei oeyoii anoaiiaeaii, ui iaeneiaeueia ci?oeiaiiy
aeey noaeae noaiiaeoue aeecueei HRC=70 noaeue 40O, oiaoi iaeaea o 5,5
?ace ia?aaeuo? oeae iieaciee aeey aeo?aeiiai iaoa??aeo. Cacia/aii, ui c?
no?ee?nieo iieacieeia iane?aeeii aaciaeaooiai? ia?iaee iaea?eueo
aaaeeeaei ? aieea ia ei?ic?eio no?ee?noue. Iane?aeeii ia?iaee ?
ca?eueoaiiy oaeaeeino? ei?ic?? o 1,5…1,9 ?ace, cie?aia oeae iieaciee
noaiiaeoue 34,8…59,3 ia/(i2/an) aeey 40O ? 10,1…32,4 aeey OeAI. I?e
oeueiio anoaiiaeaii, ui oaeaee?noue ei?ic?? c?inoa? c i?aeaeuaiiyi
?aaeei?a oa?ii?iioeuenii? ca/enoee. Aea oea cieaeaiiy ei?ic?eii?
no?eeino? ia aeoiaeyoue ca iaae? noaiaea?oii? a?oie no?eeino?, i?e
iaoaeia?ao?/iiio aeine?aeaeaii? ia ia?iaeaieo aeaoaeyo ia ciaeaeaii
o??uei /e ?ioeo aeaoaeo?a.
8. Canoinoaaiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeicaiey? cia/ii nei?ioeoe aoai
a?aei?aoethaaiiy oaoiieia??, ui ? iniaeeai aeooaeueiei a oiiaao
aa?aoe?eiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, yea oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aei?noeeie aeiiaaie
uiaei yeino? aeaoaeae. No?iee oaoiieia?/ii? i?aeaioiaee ae?iaieoeoaa
iiaeooue aooe nei?i/ai? ia 7…8%, a aeo?aoe ia ?? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ia
20%.
Oaeei /eiii, i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieythoue cia/ii ?icoe?eoe
aeei?enoaiiy iiai? aenieiaoaeoeaii? oaoiieia?? i?e iaeii/aniiio
i?aeaeuaii? yeino? ia?iaee oa caaacia/aii? aenieeo aenieoaoaoe?eieo
iieaciee?a a?aeiia?aeaeueieo aeaoaeae aa?aoe?eii? oaoi?ee.
Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii o ?iaioao:
1. Aiaeei A. I., I?ineo?ei N. Ae., Aa?aiia A. A., *e?ie A. I.,
Oaiia?aoo?iua iai?yaeaiey a aeaoaeyo i?e aacieiioeueniie ca/enoea
e?iiie// Aaeaoeeiiii-einie/aneay oaoieea e oaoiieiaey. -Oa?ueeia: OAE.-
1996.- N. 38-39.
2. Aiaeei A. I., Aeuey/aiei TH. A., *e?ie A. I., I?ineo?ei N. Ae.,
Aa?aiia A. A. Aicaeaenoaea oaoiieiae/aneiai aaciaiai ac?uaa ia
aaiiao?e/aneea e oeceei-iaoaie/aneea ia?aiao?u ia?aaaouaaaiuo aeaoaeae//
Aaeaoeeiiii-einie/aneay oaoieea e oaoiieiaey. -Oa?ueeia: OAE.- 1997.- N.
30-33.
3. Aiaeei A. I., Aeuey/aiei TH. A., *e?ie A. I., I?ineo?ei N. Ae.
Aeeyiea oa?iieiioeueniie ia?aaioee ia yenieoaoaoeeiiiua iieacaoaee
aeaoaeae// Aaeaoeeiiii-einie/aneay oaoieea e oaoiieiaey. -Oa?ueeia:
OAE.- 1998.- N. 66-70.
4.Aiaeei A. I., Aeuey/aiei TH. A., E?ooeeia N. E., *e?ie A. I.,
Ii?aaeaeaiea aaiiao?e/aneeo ia?aiao?ia e?iiie i?e oa?iieiioeueniie
ca/enoea// Aaoiiaoecaoeey e nia?aiaiiua oaoiieiaee, 1998. I.:-?.8.-N.
73-76.
5. Aiaeei A. I., *e?ie A. I., Aa?aiiaa N. A. Oaoiieiae/aneay
ianeaaenoaaiiinoue eae e?eoa?ee auai?a iaoiaeia ia?aaioee//
Aaeaoeeiiii-einie/aneay oaoieea e oaoiieiaey. – Oa?ueeia: OAE.-
1998., aui. 6- N. 73-76.
6. Aiaeei A. I., *e?ie A. I., Aa?aiia A. A. Oaoiieiae/aneay
ianeaaenoaaiiinoue i?e aaciac?uaiie ia?aaioea// Aaeaoeeiiii-einie/aneay
oaoieea e oaoiieiaey. – Oa?ueeia: OAE.- 1998., OAE.- 1999., aui. 7-
N. 54-57.
7. Aiaeei A. I., Aa?aiia A. A., *e?ie A. I., Eieeoiia A. A.
Yenia?eiaioaeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia caonaioeaa i?e oiea?iie
ia?aaioea// *aoaa?oay iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiioa?aioeey “Iiaua oaoiieiaee a
iaoeiino?iaiee”. Oa?ueeia-?uaa/uea 1995.- N.138.
8. Aiaeei A. I., Aa?aiia A. A., *e?ie A. I., Eieeoiia A. A. Iiauoaiea
ea/anoaa e?iiie ioaa?noee ia aeaoaeyo ec aethieieaauo nieaaia// Iyoay
iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiioa?aioeey “Iiaua oaoiieiaee a iaoeiino?iaiee”.
Oa?ueeia-?uaa/uea 1996.- N.178.
9. Aiaeei A. I., *e?ie A. I. Ii?aaeaeaiea ia?aiao?ia caeaeaiiie ciiu i?e
aacieiioeueniii oi?i/iaiee// Iyoay iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiioa?aioeey “Iiaua
oaoiieiaee a iaoeiino?iaiee”. Oa?ueeia-?uaa/uea 1996.- N.147.
9. Aiaeei A. I., *e?ie A. I. Iniaaiiinoe aacieiioeueniiai iiaa?oiinoiiai
oi?i/iaiey// Iyoay iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiioa?aioeey “Iiaua oaoiieiaee a
iaoeiino?iaiee”. Oa?ueeia-?uaa/uea 1996.- N.130.
11. *e?ie A. I. “Enneaaeiaaiea oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiinoe i?e
oa?iieiioeueniie ia?aaioeaa”// Oanoay iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiioa?aioeey
“Iiaua oaoiieiaee a iaoeiino?iaiee” Oa?ueeia-?uaa/uea 1997.-N. 269.
AIIOAOe?ss:
*e?ie I. I. Iaoiaee ioe?iee oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? oa ?o
aeei?enoaiiy i?e oa?ii?iioeueni?e ia?iaoe? aeaoaeae aa?aoe?eiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.07.04 “Oaoiieia?y ae?iaieoeoaa e?oaeueieo
aia?ao?a”.
Aea?aeaaiee aa?ieini?/iee oi?aa?neoao – “OA?”, Oa?e?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ?ic?iaoe? iaoiae?a a?aooaaiiy
oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino? i?e ia?iaoe? aeaoaeae aa?aoe?eiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa. Cai?iiiiiaai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? uiaei aiae?co i?ioean?a
aeieeiaiiy, ?iciianthaeaeaiiy, ?icaeoeo oa aca?iiae?? aeanoeainoae, ui
iaaoaaoueny aeaoaeeth iaoe?eueiaei oeyoii i?ae /an ia?iaee.
?icaeyiooi i?ioeane, ui noi?iaiaeaeothoue aieea
aenieioaiia?aoo?iiai aaciaiai na?aaeiaeua ia iiaa?oith oa ?aa?a aeaoaeae
i?e oa?ii?iioeueni?e ia?iaoe?. Io?eiai? aiae?oe/i? oa /enaeuei?
caeaaeiino?, ye? aeicaieythoue aiae?coaaoe oa a?aoiaoaaoe oaeoi?e
oaoiieia?/ii? niaaeeiaino?.
Iaaaaeaii ?iaeaia?i? iaoiaeeee oa oaoiieia?/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
a?aooaaiiy aieeao iaoe?eueia?o a?aeoeeaiue ia aenieoaoaoe?ei? iieacieee
ae?ia?a, a oaeiae aeai?o iioeiaeueieo ia?o?oo?a ia?iaee, aeoiaey/e c
i?i?ioio iaaaoeaii? niaaeeiaino?.
Cai?iiiiiaaii iia? oaoiieia??, ui aacothoueny ia aeei?enoaii?
aia?a?? aaciaiai aeaooo.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: oaoiieia?/ia niaaeeia?noue, oaoiieia?/i? i?ioeane
ia?iaee aeaoaeae, oa?ii?iioeuenia ia?iaea, aaciaeaooiaa ca/enoea.
AIIIOAOeEss:
*e?ie A. I. Iaoiaeu ioeaiee oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe e eo
eniieueciaaiea i?e oa?iieiioeueniie ia?aaioea aeaoaeae aaeaoeeiiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.07.04 “Oaoiieiaey i?iecaiaenoaa eaoaoaeueiuo
aiia?aoia”.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue ay?ieinie/aneee oieaa?neoao “OAE”, Oa?ueeia, 1999.
Aeooaeueiueiie caaea/ae nia?aiaiiiai aaeaoeeiiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa
yaeyaony oaoiieiae/aneia iaania/aiea iieacaoaeae iaaeaaeiinoe e ?ano?na
auioneaaiuo ecaeaeee. Iaeiei ec iooae aa aeinoeaeaiey yaeyaony o/ao e
oi?aaeaiea yaeaieyie oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?ac?iaioea iaoiaeia ioeaiee e o/aoa
oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe i?e ia?aaioea aeaoaeae aaeaoeeiiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa. I?aaeeiaeaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee i?ioeania
aicieeiiaaiey, ?ani?ino?aiaiey, ?acaeoey e acaeiiaeaenoaey naienoa,
i?eia?aoaaiuo aeaoaeueth a ia?eiae ia?aaioee iaoeaeaaui ia?acii
Eciaiaiea enneaaeoaiuo naienoa ?anniao?eaaeinue eae iai?a?uaiay ooieoeey
io a?aiaie. I?e yoii auee iieo/aiu aiaeeoe/aneea oneiaey i?eaieaiinoe
oaoi?ioeanna n oi/ee c?aiey aeeyiey ?acaeoey eiie?aoiiai naienoaa ia
ianeaaenoaaiiua i?ioeannu a ia?aaaouaaaiie aeaoaee. Aiaeec acaeiiiai
aeeyiey aicieeathueo ioeeiiaiee i?iaiaeeeny iooai i?eiaiaiey iao?eoe
eiae/aneeo oeieoeee. N yoie oeaeueth ia iniiaaiee enoiaeiie aacu aeaiiuo
ninoaaeythny enoiaeiua iao?eoeu, oa?aeoa?ecothuea aianaiea, aoi?e/iia
aianaiea e acaeiiia aeeyiea oaeoi?ia oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe.
Eoiaiaue iannea iieo/aaony ia iniiaaiee acaeiiaeaenoaey eioi?iaoeee yoeo
iao?eoe e niaea?aeeo aeaiiua i iaee/ee eee ono?aiaiee ?anniao?eaaaiiai
oaeoi?a oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe ii ieii/aieth ia?aaioee.
Ioia/aii, /oi n oi/ee c?aiey aiineiie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe iaeaieueoee
eioa?an i?aaenoaaeytho aunieiyia?aaoe/aneea i?ioeannu oeieoiie ia?aaioee
oaeea, eae oa?iieiioeueniay, eaca?iay, eiiiay, yeaeo?iiii-eo/aaay e o.
i. Iiyoiio a ea/anoaa i?eia?a ?aaeecaoeee ?ac?aaioaiiuo iaoiaeia ioeaiee
oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe ?anniio?aiu i?ioeanu,
nii?iaiaeaeathuea aeeyiea aunieioaiia?aoo?iie aaciaie n?aaeu ia
iiaa?oiinoue e e?iiee aeaoaeae i?e oa?iieiioeueniie ca/enoea. Iieo/aiu
aiaeeoe/aneea e /eneaiiua caaeneiinoe, iicaieythuea aiaeece?iaaoue e
o/eouaaoue oaeoi?u oaoiieiae/aneie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe.
I?iaaaeaiu yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey i?ioeannia,
nii?iaiaeaeathueo aicaeaenoaea aunieioaiia?aoo?iie aaciaie n?aaeu ia
ia?aiao?u, oa?aeoa?ecothuea ninoiyiea iiaa?oiinoiiai neiy e ino?uo
e?iiie ia?aaaouaaaiuo aeaoaeae. Enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeeeenue ii aeaoi
iai?aaeaieyi: eco/aeenue iineaaenoaey aicaeaenoaey aunieioaiia?aoo?iie
aa?anneaiie aaciaie n?aaeu ia ei??iceiiioth noieeinoue iiaa?oiinoe;
ii?aaeaeyeinue eciaiaiea aaiiao?e/aneeo e oeceei-iaoaie/aneeo
oa?aeoa?enoee ino?uo e?iiie.
?ac?aaioaiu eiaeaia?iua iaoiaeeee e oaoiieiae/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee
aeey o/aoa aeeyiey iaoeaeaauo ioeeiiaiee, aicieeathueo i?e ia?aaioea, ia
yenieoaoaoeeiiiua iieacaoaee ecaeaeee, eioi?ua iicaieytho inouanoaeoue
auai? iioeiaeueieo ia?o?ooia ia?aaioee, a oii /enea aeeth/athueo
oa?iieiioeuenioth ca/enoeo, enoiaey ec oneiaee iaania/aiey ieieiaeueiie
iaaaoeaiie ianeaaenoaaiiinoe. E?iia oiai i?aaeeiaeaiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
iioeiecaoeee i?ioeanna oa?iieiioeueniie ca/enoee.
I?aaeeiaeaiu iiaua oaoiieiaee, aace?othueany ia eniieueciaaiee
i?ioeannia, nii?iaiaeaeathueo eiioeueniue iaa?aa eieaeueiuo o/anoeia
iiaa?oiinoe ia?aaaouaaaiie aeaoaee. E iei ioiinyony oa?iieiioeueniia
ianoiia iiaa?oiinoiia oi?i/iaiea, aaciac?uaiay naa?ea e eeaiea.
Aiaae?aiea ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou aeaao aiciiaeiinoue nouanoaaiii (ia
10…12%) iiauneoue iaaeaaeiinoue e ?ano?n auioneaaiuo ecaeaeee i?e
iaeiia?aiaiiii nieaeaiee n?ieia oaoiieiae/aneie iiaeaioiaee
i?iecaiaenoaa e cao?ao ia aa i?iaaaeaiea. E?iia oiai iaeeaeaaony
ii?aaeaeaiiue yooaeo io ?anoe?aiey iaeanoe i?eiaiaiey oa?iieiioeueniie
ca/enoee eae i?ia?anneaiie oaoiieiaee aaeaoeeiiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oaoiieiae/aneay ianeaaenoaaiiinoue, oaoiieiae/aneea
i?ioeannu ia?aaioee aeaoaeae, oa?iieiioeuenia ia?aaioea, aaciac?uaiay
ca/enoea.
SUMMARY:
Chirok A. P. Methods of an estimation of a technological Heredity and
their use at thermoipalse processeing of details of air manufacture.
The dissertetion on competition of a scintific degree of the candidate
of scince on a speciality 05.07.04 “The techology of aircrafts
production”.
State aerospace university “KhAI”, Kharkov, 1999.
The dissertetion is devoted to development of methods of the
account of a tecnological heredity at processing ditails of air
manufacture. The analysis of processes of occurence, distribution,
development and interaction masamatical models, got by a detail by
no-pupose image during processing are offered.
The processes accompanying influence of high-temperature gas
environment on a surface and edge of details at thermoimpulse processing
are considered. The analytical and numerical dependencies allowing to
analyze and to take into account the factors of tecnological heredity
are received.
The engineering techniques and tecnological recommendations for
the account of influence of no-purpose deviations arising at processing
on operational parameters of product, also choice of optimum routs of
processing from a minimum negative heredity are given.
The new technologies are offered which are based on use of energy
gas explosion
Key words: tecnological heredity, tecnological processes of processing
of details, thermoimpulse processing, gas explosion debeering.
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