.

Моделювання розповсюдження пружних хвиль у шаруватих гірських породах для оцінки сейсмічної дії вибуху: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Л.О. Мітюк,

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“AAOI?AOA?AO”

1. OAeE 622.235.2

2. Eaiaeeaeao iaoe.

3. Oaoi?/ia.

4. 05.15.11.

5. O?ce/i? i?ioeane a??ie/iai ae?iaieoeoaa.

6.1. Eeth/ia? neiaa: iiaeaethaaiiy; oaee? aeaooia?; ianeae oa?oaao?,
i?oaei?; ae?aioaaiiy; aoaeo naeni?/iee.

6.2. Eeth/aaua neiaa: iiaeaee?iaaiea; aieiu ac?uaiua; ianneau neienoua;
oi?oaea; yooaeo naenie/aneee.

6.3. Key words: modeling, explosive waves, laminated springy massifs,
reflection, seismic effect.

7. Iiaeaethaaiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo a??nueeeo
ii?iaeao aeey ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo.

8. Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo ioi?iie i?aoe?.

9. I?noi Ee?a, 1999 ??e.

10. I?othe Ethaeieea Ieaen??aia

11. ??e ia?iaeaeaiiy – 1971.

12. Noaoue -ae?ii/a.

13. I?noea ?iaioe – Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo ioi?iie
i?aoe?, iinaaea – iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee eaai?aoi??? aaciaee
oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a.

14.1. I?othe E.I. Iiaeaethaaiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue o
oa?oaaoeo a??nueeeo ii?iaeao aeey ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo. –
?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.15.11 – o?ce/i? i?ioeane a??ie/iai ae?iaieoeoaa.
– Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo ioi?iie i?aoe?
I?i?noa?noaa i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a, 1999.

Aea?ai? oa iaa?oioiaai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?, ui aacothoueny ia ??aiyiiyo
oai??e i?oaeiino? oa ??aeeeo na?aaeiaeu a?aeiia?aeii aeey ii??ae c?
cia/iei iii?ii cnoaiei iai?oaeaiiyi ? ca a?aenooiino? eiai.

C aeei?enoaiiyi noa?aiiaoai?/ii? oai??? oaea?o io?eiai? oi?ioee aeey
?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a a?aeaeoeo ? caeiieaieo oaeeue a?ae ieinei? iaae?
a?aeie?aieaiiy ii??ae ? a?oio?a. Aeeiiaia e?euee?nia ioe?iea aoaeoo
ae?aioaaiiy oaeeue i?oaeieie oa?aie c ??cieie iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie.
?icaeyiooi ae?th ieinei? oaea?ii? oaee? ia iane?i/aiii aeiaaa aei?noea
aeeth/aiiy i?yiieooiiai ia?a??co. ?ica’ycaia caaea/a i?i o?ainoi?iaoe?th
oaeeue c e?eaie?i?eieie o?iioaie i?e oiauei? oa??a, aeecueei? aei
?aae?on?a e?eaecie oaeeue.

?ic?iaeaia oa ai?iaiaaia iaoiaeeea eiii’thoa?iiai iiaeaethaaiiy
oaeeueiaeo i?ioean?a o oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? ci?ie aaiiao?e/ieo,
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo ia?aiao??a oa??a ii??ae ? ca?yae?a.

Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeaeaii i?ioiaeaeaiiy oaea?ieo oaeeue /a?ac
a?ai?oi? c?acee ??cii? oiaueie, i?ae yeeie a u?eeiao aoea aiaea,
ioce?/aoa iie?aoeeaiiaa ie?aea, iia?o?y. Io?eiaia ei?aeyoe?eia
caeaaei?noue eiao?oe?aioa aaoaiiy a?ae oiaueie a?ai?oieo c?ace?a.
Noai?aii i?eno??e aeey aaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o i?ae aiaeith, ia yeee
io?eiaii iaoaio.

Aoaeoeai?noue oai?aoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a aeiaaaeaia iiceoeaiei ?o ca?aii c
?acoeueoaoaie aenia?eiaio?a aaoi?a oa ?ioeo aeine?aeiee?a, ui aeicaiey?
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe ?ic?iaeaio iaoiaeeeo iiaeaethaaiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy
i?oaeieo oaeeue i?ae /an aaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o o oa?oaaoeo a??nueeeo
ii?iaeao aeey ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo.

14.2. Ieothe E.A. Iiaeaee?iaaiea ?ani?ino?aiaiey oi?oaeo aiei a neienouo
ai?iuo ii?iaeao aeey ioeaiee naenie/aneiai aeaenoaey ac?uaa.- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.15.11 – oece/aneea i?ioeannu ai?iiai
i?iecaiaenoaa.- Iaoeeiiaeueiue iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneee einoeooo
io?aiu o?oaea Ieienoa?noaa o?oaea e nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee Oe?aeiu, a.
Eeaa, 1999.

Aeey oai?aoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey aeeiaieee neienouo ai?iuo ii?iae
aua?aiu e iainiiaaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee, aace?othueany ia o?aaiaieyo
oai?ee oi?oainoe e aeeaeeeo n?aae niioaaonoaaiii aeey ii?iae ni
cia/eoaeueiui nii?ioeaeaieai naeaeaathuei iai?yaeaieyi e i?e ionoonoaee
aai. Ia iniiaa noa?aiiaoaie/aneie oai?ee oaea?a i?aaeeiaeaiu oi?iu?iiua
iiaeaee acaeiiaeaenoaey ieineeo oaea?iuo aiei n ieineeie a?aieoeaie
?acaeaea a?oioia, ai?iuo ii?iae, aiaeu, iicaieythuea iienuaaoue
eieaeueioth yaiethoeeth aiei ia eo o?iioao.

N iiiiuueth i?aaeeiaeaiiiai oi?iu?iiiai iiaeoiaea iieo/aiu oi?ioeu aeey
au/eneaiey eioaineaiinoe io?aae?iiuo e i?aeiie?iiuo oaea?iuo aiei iinea
eo acaeiiaeaenoaey n a?aieoeae ?acaeaea iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?ai?iiuo
a?oioia e ai?iuo ii?iae. Eiee/anoaaiii ioeai?i yooaeo ye?aie?iaaiey
oaea?iuo aiei oi?oaeie neiyie n ioee/athueieny iaoaie/aneeie naienoaaie.
Iino?iaiu niioaaonoaothuea oaaeeoeu aeey eiyooeoeeaioia eioaineaiinoe.
?anniio?aii aeeiaie/aneia aicaeaenoaea ieineie oaea?iie aieiu ia
aaneiia/ii aeeeiiia aeanoeia aeeth/aiea i?yiioaieueiiai na/aiey.
?an/aoiua caaeneiinoe iicaieytho iaoiaeeoue ia?aiauaiey, nei?inoe e
iai?yaeaiey a n?aaea e ia a?aieoea n aeeth/aieai.

I?aaenoaaeyy o?aaiaiea aeaeaeaiey oi?oaie n?aaeu a aaeoi?iie oi?ia, a
aieiiaua iioaioeeaeu a aeaea eo/aauo ?yaeia, oiiiaeaiiuo ia ooieoeeth
Oaaenaeaea, ?aoaia caaea/a i o?ainoi?iaoeee aiei n e?eaieeiaeiuie
o?iioaie,

aicieeathueo i?e oieueia nei?a, aeeceeo e ?aaeeonai e?eaeciu aiei.

I?iaaaeaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iicaieeee nicaeaoue iao/ii-iainiiaaiioth
iaoiaeeeo i?iaiice?iaaiey ia?aiao?ia oi?oaeo aiei i?e aaaeaiee ac?uaiuo
?aaio a neienouo ai?iuo ii?iaeao. ?ac?aaioaiiua aeai?eoiu e i?ia?aiiu
iicaieytho i?iaiaeeoue iiaeaee?iaaiea ia YAI enneaaeoaiuo aieiiauo
i?ioeannia a oe?ieii aeeaiaciia eciaiaiee aaiiao?e/aneeo,
oeceei-iaoaie/aneeo ia?aiao?ia nei?a ii?iae e ca?yaeia.

?aaioiniiniaiinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioaiiie iaoiaeeee aeieacaia
i?e enneaaeiaaiee acaeiiaeaenoaey noa?e/aneie ac?uaiie aieiu n
ieineinoueth ?acaeaea aeieiieo-ian/aiee e n aeiaaiie iiaa?oiinoueth.
Ii?aaeaeaiu iaeaieaa iianiua ianoa ?aniieiaeaiey iauaeoia ia aeiaaiie
iiaa?oiinoe a caaeneiinoe io oeia iiey?ecaoeee aiei e ia?aiauaiee, e
eioi?ui iauaeo iaeaieaa aini?eei/ea. Auiieiaii oaeaea eiiiuethoa?iia
iiaeaee?iaaiea acaeiiaeaenoaey aieiu n a?aieoeae ?acaeaea neiy aeeiu,
eaaeauaai ia iieoi?ino?ainoaa ec a?aieoa. Eco/ai yooaeo yaiethoeee
iai?yaeaiee a ciia oae iacuaaaiuo oi/ae iieiiai aioo?aiiaai io?aaeaiey
ia iiaa?oiinoe ?acaeaea oi?oaeo n?aae, aicieeathuae i?e aeaeaeaiee aieiu
ec n?aaeu n iaiueoae (aiaea) a n?aaeo n aieueoae (i?anoaeei)
aeonoe/aneie aeanoeinoueth. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?e naeeaeaiee ei?iaauo
oi/ae o?iioia aiei e oi/ae iieiiai aioo?aiiaai io?aaeaiey iai?yaeaiey ia
o?iioa i?aeiieaiiie i?iaeieueiie aieiu aic?anoatho.

Yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey oi?oaeo aiei a neienouo
n?aaeao i?iaiaeeeenue n eniieueciaaieai nia?aiaiiie aiia?aoo?u aeey
?aaeno?aoeee auno?ii?ioaeathueo i?ioeannia. Yenia?eiaiou i?iaiaeeeenue
ia niaoeeaeueiii aeae?iyeaeo?i?ac?yaeiii noaiaea. Enoi/ieeii ac?uaiuo
iaa?ocie neoaeee i?iaie iaaeiie i?iaieiee iaaeaeo aeaoiy yeaeo?iaeaie
aunieiaieueoiiai eaaaey. Ia?aiao?u iaaeathuae, io?aae?iiie e
i?aeiie?iiie aiei oeene?iaaeenue aeao/eeaie aeaaeaiey n eniieueciaaieai
inoeeeeia?aoia N9-8, N9-16. Iiaeaeyie neoaeeee a?aieoiua ieeou ?acee/iie
oieueiu, uaee iaaeaeo eioi?uie caiieiyeenue aiaeie, iocu?/aoie
iieeyoeeaiiaie ie?ieie e aicaeooii.

Iieo/aia ei??aeyoeeiiiay caaeneiinoue eiyooeoeeaioa aaoaiey (ioiioaiea
iaeneiaeueiuo aeaaeaiee io ac?uaa a /enoie aiaea e aeaaeaieth i?ioaaeoae
/a?ac a?aieoiue ye?ai aieiu a oi/eo onoaiiaee aeao/eea) io oieueiu
a?aieoiuo ia?acoeia i?e oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiii niaiaaeaiee
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo e oai?aoe/aneeo aeaiiuo (?acee/ea ia aieueoa 18%).
Auiieiaia i?iaa?ea oai?aoe/anee enneaaeiaaiiiai oae iacuaaaiiai yooaeoa
iieiiai aioo?aiiaai io?aaeaiey.

Ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?acoeueoaoia yenia?eiaioia ii eco/aieth i?ioiaeaeaiey
aiei /a?ac iiiaineieiua n?aaeu n o/anoeai aaoi?a nicaeaii ono?ienoai
aeey aaaeaiey ac?uaiuo ?aaio iiae aiaeie, ia eioi?ia iieo/ai iaoaio.

?ac?aaioaiiay aaoi?ii iaoiaeeea iiaeaee?iaaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey oi?oaeo
aiei a neienouo n?aaeao iicaieyao enneaaeiaaoue eciaiaiey ai a?aiaie e
i?ino?ainoaa iieiiai aaeoi?a nei?inoe naenie/aneeo eieaaaiee e eaaeaeie
aai eiiiiiaiou a ioaeaeueiinoe, /oi ?acei nie?auaao iau?i aei?iainoiyueo
naenie/aneeo ecia?aiee. Yooaeoeaiinoue oai?aoe/aneeo ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou
aeieacaia oaeaea oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui niaiaaeaieai eo n aeaiiuie ?yaea
aaoi?ia, i?iaiaeeaoeo yenia?eiaiou a i?iiuoeaiiuo oneiaeyo a?aieoiuo
ea?uea?ia e i?e aeaiiioaaea oaooiuo noaieia ioneiauo onoaiiaie, /oi
iicaieyao ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue aeaiioth iaoiaeeeo aeey ioeaiee naenie/aneiai
aeaenoaey ac?uaa.

14.3. Mityuk L. Modelling of distribution of springy waves in the
laminated rocks for the evaluation of seismic action of blasting.-
Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidate’s degree in technical sciences speciality
05.15.11. – physical processes in mining- The National Research
Institute on Occupational Safety of Ministry of the labour and social
politics of Ukraine, Kiev , 1999.

The mathematical models were selected and well-grounded. They base on
the equations of the theory of an elasticity and liquid mediums
concerning the rocks with considerable resistance for shifting stresses
or without it.

With the help of stereomechanical theory of impact the formulas were
obtained for account of parameters of waves that reflected and refracted
from the flat boundaries of separated rocks and soils. The quantitative
evaluation of the effect of reflection of waves which take place for
springy stratums has carried out. The action of the flat impact wave on
the infinitely long hard inclusion with slit of rectangular shape and
different mechanical properties was examined. The problem concerning
transformation of curvilinear fronts of the waves with thickness of
stratums approximated to radius of the wave curvature was undid.

The procedure of computer modelling of wave processes in wide range of
variation of geometric and physical- mechanical parameters of
sphere-shaped stratums of rocks and soils was designed and approbated.

The passing of impact wave through the granite samples with different
thickness and slits which were contained with water, bubble polietilen
film or air, was explored theoretically.

The correlation dependence for factor of suppression and thickness of
granite sample was obtained. The device for blasting under water was
created and patented.

Effectiveness of theoretical results were proved by coincidence of
results of author’s experiments and experiments of other scientists.
This allows to recommend such procedure of modelling of spreading
springy waves during blast works in laminated rocks for evaluation of
seismic effect of blasting.

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio ?inoeooo? ioi?iie
i?aoe? Eii?oaoo ii iaaeyaeo ca ioi?iiith i?aoe? Oe?a?ie I?i?noa?noaa
i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eoaiaee Iao?i
Caoa?iae/, ?inoeooo iaoai?ee ?i. N.I.Oeiioaiea IAI Oe?a?ie, aieiaiee
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe Aieei A?eoi? A?eoi?iae/, ?inoeooo aaio?ceee
?i.Noaaio?ia IAI Oe?a?ie, ia/aeueiee NEOA;

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee Eocueiaiei
Aiaoie?e Ieaenaiae?iae/, ?inoeooo a?ae?iiaoai?ee IAI Oe?a?ie, noa?oee
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – E?eai??cueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, i.E?eaee ??a.

I?i?noa?noai i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie

Eii?oao ii iaaeyaeo ca ioi?iiith i?aoe? Oe?a?ie

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo ioi?iie i?aoe?

I?othe Ethaeieea Ieaen??aia

OAeE 622.235.2

IIAeAETHAAIIss ?ICIIANTHAeAEAIIss I?OAEIEO OAEEUe

O OA?OAAOEO A??NUeEEO II?IAeAO

AeEss IOe?IEE NAENI?*II? Ae?? AEAOOO

05.15.11 – O?ce/i? i?ioeane a??ie/iai ae?iaieoeoaa

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio ?inoeooo? ioi?iie
i?aoe? Eii?oaoo ii iaaeyaeo ca ioi?iiith i?aoe? Oe?a?ie I?i?noa?noaa
i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eoaiaee Iao?i
Caoa?iae/, ?inoeooo iaoai?ee ?i. N.I.Oeiioaiea IAI Oe?a?ie, aieiaiee
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe Aieei A?eoi? A?eoi?iae/, ?inoeooo aaio?ceee
?i.Noaaio?ia IAI Oe?a?ie, ia/aeueiee NEOA;

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee Eocueiaiei
Aiaoie?e Ieaenaiae?iae/, ?inoeooo a?ae?iiaoai?ee IAI Oe?a?ie, noa?oee
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – E?eai??cueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, i.E?eaee ??a.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 23 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?. i 14 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.802.01 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio ?inoeooo? ioi?iie i?aoe? ca aae?anith: 252060,
i.Ee?a-60, aoe.Aaa?eiaeo,13.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo ioi?iie i?aoe?.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “19 ” aa?aciy 1999 ?.

O/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Eiaooi ?.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. sse iieacaa aiae?c e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae oa
aeina?ae aaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o, ?ic?aooiee naeni?/ii aacia/ieo
a?aenoaiae, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ia?aiao?aie i?oaeieo oaeeue, ia
i?aeoeoe? ia caaaeaee a?aeiia?aeathoue ae?eniino?. Ia aeaiee /an
?ic?aooiee aacia/ieo a?aenoaiae ii naeni?/iiio aoaeoo aeeiiothoue
aii??e/ii, ui oiaiiaeeeaeth? ?o canoinoaaiiy aeey ??cieo oiia
i?ae?eaaiiy, cie?aia aeey a?eueoino? ?iaeiaeu Oe?a?ie (a?ao?oo,
iaoaeaaeo ?oae, a?ai?oo), ye? yaeythoue niaith oa?oaao? na?aaeiaeua. O
ca’yceo c oeei iinoathoue ieoaiiy i?i iaiao?aei?noue ?ic?iaeaiiy
aoaeoeaieo aiae?oe/ieo iaoiae?a aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a oaeeueiaeo
i?ioean?a, ye? a o iiai?e i??? a?aoiaoaaee neeaaeio ea?oeio aca?iiae??
i?oaeieo oaeeue ia iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy oa?oaaoeo ii??ae c ??cieie
aeonoe/ieie aei?noeinoyie aeey iia?aoeaiiai ?ic?aooieo naeni?/iiai
aoaeoo.

Oaeeueia? yaeua, ye? aeieeathoue o oa?oaaoeo ianeaao i?ae /an aeaooo,
aeeeeeathoue ia o?eueee ?oeioaaiiy ii??ae, aea e i?oaei? eieeaaiiy
ianeao. Ea?oaaiiy ae??th i?oaeieo oaeeue o oaeeo ianeaao iiaeeeaa ia
iniia? aeine?aeaeaiiy o?ainoi?iaoe?? ?o ia iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy
na?aaeiaeu c ??cieie aeonoe/ieie aei?noeinoyie /a?ac o?aooaaiiy
neeaaeii? ea?oeie aca?iiae?? i?oaeieo oaeeue. Oaeei /eiii, c’yaey?oueny
iiaeeea?noue ciaioeoe ?o oe?aeeeaee aieea ia ia’?eoe, ye?
ioi?iiythoueny, a oaeiae aecia/aoe aacia/i? a?aenoai? ii naeni?/iiio
aoaeoo. C aeeeaaeaiiai aeua aeieeaa?, ui neeaaei?noue i?ioeano
aca?iiae?? ii?iaeaeaieo aeaooaie i?oaeieo oaeeue c iaaeaie
a?aeie?aieaiiy oa?oaaoeo ii??ae ? a?aenooi?noue aoaeoeaieo
/enaeueii-aiae?oe/ieo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a oeueiai yaeua
iaoiiaeththoue aeooaeuei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue o
aeaiiio iai?yieo.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie. ?iaioa aeeiiaia aaoi?ii
ca?aeii c Iaoe?iiaeueiith i?ia?aiith iie?ioaiiy noaio aaciaee, a?a??ie
i?aoe? oa ae?iaie/iai na?aaeiaeua ia 1996-2000 ?iee, caoaa?aeaeaiith
iinoaiiaith Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie a?ae 2.11.96 ?. ? 1345, ieaiaie
IAe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo ioi?iie i?aoe?, a
yeeo aaoi? i?eeiaa o/anoue ye aeeiiaaaoeue ?ia?o.

Iaoa ?iaioe iieyaa? a ?ic?iaeaii? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii? iaoiaeeee
ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a iiaeaethaaiiy
?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo ianeaao.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe iinoaaeai? ianooii? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue:

aea?aoe ? iaa?oiooaaoe oai?aoe/i? iiaeae? aeine?aeaeoaaieo oa?oaaoeo
na?aaeiaeu oa ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo a ieo ia?aiao??a i?oaeieo
oaeeue;

c aeei?enoaiiyi ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeeoe o?ainoi?ioaaiiy oaeeue
iai?oaeaiue i?e ?o a?aeaeoo? oa caeiieaii? ia iiaa?oiyo a?aeie?aieaiiy
ii??ae;

?ic?iaeoe iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaio iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a i?oaeieo
oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo ii?iaeao c canoinoaaiiyi IAII;

aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeeoe ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue o
oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao c iaoith i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy aeinoia??iino? oa
aoaeoeaiino? oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?iaie;

?ic?iaeoe niiniae ea?oaaiiy oaeeueiaei iieai o oa?oaaoeo ii?iaeao aeey
i?iaiicoaaiiy naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo oa ia?aa??eoe ?o aoaeoeai?noue o
i?iieneiaeo oiiaao.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe:

?ic?iaeaii iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue
iai?oaeaiue o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao;

?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoi ? i?ia?aia, ui aeicaiey? i?iaiaeeoe iaoaiaoe/ia
iiaeaethaaiiy oaeeueiaeo i?ioean?a ia ia?niiaeueieo eiii’thoa?ao o
oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? ci?ie aaiiao?e/ieo, o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo oa
aiie?ooaeieo ia?aiao??a aeine?aeaeoaaieo ia’?eo?a ? i?ioean?a;

oaeineiiaeaia iaoiaeeea aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao;

aia?oa aenia?eiaioaeueii aeyaeaii aoaeo oaeeueiaiai ?aciiaino i?e
?iciianthaeaeaii? aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a:

?ic?iaeaia ?iaeaia?ia iaoiaeeea eiii’thoa?iiai iiaeaethaaiiy i?ioean?a
?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue o i?oaeieo oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao;

?ic?iaeai? caniae ea?oaaiiy aeaooiaeie oaeeyie a oa?oaaoeo ii?iaeao c
o?aooaaiiyi iane oa aeeaeie ?icoaooaaiiy ca?yaeo o a?aeiia?aeiiio
i?ioa?eo, ui aeicaiey? i?iaiicoaaoe naeni?/io ae?th aeaooo;

cai?iiiiiaaia iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo eiao?oe??ioa
aaoaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue i?e ae?aioaaii? ??cieie niiniaaie;

aeyaeaiee aoaeo oaeeueiaiai ?aciiaino i?iiiio?oueny a?aoiaoaaoe i?e
i?iaaaeaii? aeaoo?a o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao.

Io?eiai? a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ?acoeueoaoe i?i caeiiii??iino?
?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue iai?oaeaiue o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao
c iaiaeii??aeiinoyie oa ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a
i?oaeieo oaeeue canoiniaothoueny i?e ii?aoethaaii? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e ii
aaaeaiith i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o c aeeiiaiiyi aeiia naeniiaaciaee, a oaeiae a
?ioeo aaeocyo, aea aeei?enoiao?oueny aia?a?y aeaooo.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a iinoaiiaoe? ? /enaeueiiio
?ica’ycaii? caaea/ i?i ?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo
ianeaao, anoaiiaeaii? caeiiii??iinoae o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeaooiaeo oaeeue
i?e a?aeaeoo? ? caeiieaii? ia iiaa?oiyo a?aeie?aieaiiy a oa?oaaoeo
na?aaeiaeuao, ?ic?iaoe? ia iniia? io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a oaeeue iai?oaeaiue ? niinia?a cieaeaiiy
oe?aeeeaiai aieeao naeni?/iiai aoaeoo i?e i?ae?eaieo ?iaioao.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ii
oai? aeena?oaoe?? /anoeiai ? a iiaiiio ianyc? aeiiia?aeaeenue ? aoee
noaaeai? ia nai?ia?ao eaai?aoi??? aaciaee oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a
Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo ioi?iie i?aoe?, ia
eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie a?ae?iaaiiaoai?ee a a??ie/?e ni?aa? oa
aoae?aieoeoa?” (8-10 aeiaoiy 1996 ?., i. Ee?a), ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Iniiai? iai?yiee caaacia/aiiy aaciaee ianaeaiiy oa
no?eeino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie i?e caa?ic? aeieeiaiiy
i?e?iaeieo ? oaoiiaaiieo eaoano?io” (10-12 a?oaeiy 1996 ?., i. Ee?a), ia
?? i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aenieiaia?aaoe/ia ia?iaea iaoa??ae?a”
(20-21 eenoiiaaea 1997 ?., i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee) oa ia IV i?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?eeeaaei? i?iaeaie iaoai?ee ??aeeie oa
aaco” (29.09-3.10.1997 ?., i. Naaanoiiieue).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 7 ae?oeiaaieo i?aoeue, a
oaeiae io?eiaiee iaoaio ia aeiao?ae.

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio, i’yoe
?icae?e?a, aeniiaeo ? nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae. Caaaeueiee ia’?i
aeena?oaoe?? neeaaea? 205 noi??iie, a oiio /ene? 43 ?enoiee, 30
oaaeeoeue, nienie e?oa?aoo?e c 188 iaeiaioaaiue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaaaaeai? aeooaeuei?noue oaiaoeee, iaoa, iiaecia, oai?aoe/ia
cia/aiiy ? i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue aeena?oaoe??. Noi?ioeueiaai? iieiaeaiiy,
ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno. Ei?ioei aena?oeth?oueny ci?no ?iaioe ca
?icae?eaie.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeeiiaii aiae?c no/aniiai noaio oai?aoe/ieo ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaeeueiaeo i?ioean?a
o iaiaeii??aeieo oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao ? ?oeioaaiith ?o ca aeiiiiiaith
aia?a?? aeaooo.

Oai??yi ?oeioaaiiy oa iioe?aiiy oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao
i?enay/ai? iaoeia? i?aoe? ?.A.Aa?aiiaa, A.A.Aieea, E.I.A?aoianueeeo,
I.?.Aeaniaa, I.I.Aiaea, A.Ae.Ai?iaeiaa, A.I.Aeaieaethea,
I.O.Ae?oeiaaiiai, A.?.?o?aiiaa, A.A.E?aaoey, I.A.E?eaoeiaa,
A.I.Eoci?oeiaa, A.I.Eooociaa, O.?.Eo/a?yaiai, I.C.Eoaiaiai, ?.A.Eo/ea,
A.I.Eyoiaa, I.A.Iaeueieeiaa, TH.N.Iaoea, A.A.Ieoaethea, A.I.Iineioey,
A.?.Iie?ianueeiai, A.A.?aeaanueeiai, A.I.?iae?iiiaa, E.I.Oea/oea,
?.?.Oaiye?ia, A.A.Arons, P.A.Heelan, C.M.Koith oa ?ioeo aeine?aeiee?a.

C aiae?co a?aeiieo oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue i?i neeaaeia? ? iaoai?ci
?oeioaaiiy oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeu aeaooii aeieeaa?, ui iaa?oue i?e
iayaiino? aaeeei? e?eueeino? iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae na?aaeiaeu ? iaoiae?a
?ica’ycaiiy caaea/ aaiaeeiai?ee ia nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue iaia? ?aeeiiai
i?aeoiaeo aei iiaiiai aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo
na?aaeiaeuao. C ae?oaiai aieo, c o?aooaaiiyi iaeiie/aiiai aeina?aeo
iiaeia ?ic?iaeoe iia? aeineiiae?o? iaoiaee ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/ uiaei
caaacia/aiiy naeni?/ii? ? aeieia?/ii? aaciaee i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o o
oa?oaaoeo ianeaao.

Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a no/anieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?i
?oeioaaiiy iaiaeii??aeieo ianea?a, a oaeiae iniaeeainoae
?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue /a?ac iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy na?aaeiaeu
aeicaiey? aecia/eoe aeooaeuei? oa ia?niaeoeai? iai?yiee aeine?aeaeaiue,
a naia: aea?? ? iaa?oiooaaiiy iiaeaeae na?aaeiaeu; iiaeaethaaiiy
?iciianthaeaeaiiy ? o?ainoi?iaoe?? o?iio?a aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo
na?aaeiaeuao; iiaeaeueo? aenia?eiaioaeuei? oa oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
ieoaiue aca?iiae?? aeaooiaeo oaeeue c ia?aiiiaie ? ae?aiaie ??cieo
eiino?oeoe?e, ye? aeei?enoiaothoueny aeey caoenoo iaaeieeoiueiai
na?aaeiaeua oa cieaeaiiy naeni?/iiai aoaeoo aeaooo.

Aeoiaey/e c aiae?co no/aniiai noaio oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo
na?aaeiaeuao, aecia/athoueny ? iaa?oioiaothoueny iaoa oa caaea/?
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee ieoaiiyi aeai?o iaoai?/ieo iiaeaeae
aeeiai?ee oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeu noiniaii aei caaea/ ?iciianthaeaeaiiy
aeaooiaeo oaeeue o a?oioao ? a??nueeeo ii?iaeao. Niaoeeo?ea aea/aiiy
aeeiai?/ieo yaeu, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iaiaeii??aei?noth a??nueeeo
ii??ae, ei?ioei/ani?noth aeniei?ioaineaiiai ii/aoeiaiai iiey oeneo,
neiioeaio?iaaiiai a iae?e cii?, neeaaeiei oa?aeoa?ii o?ainoi?iaoe??
oaeeue ia iiaa?oiyo a?aeie?aieaiiy ii??ae c ??cieie iaoai?/ieie
aeanoeainoyie, iio?aao? aeei?enoaiiy iaea?eueo i?inoeo iaoai?/ieo
iiaeaeae, ye? caa??aathoue iniiai? aeanoeaino? aeine?aeaeoaaieo nenoai.

O ca’yceo c oeei aeey ii??ae, caeaoieo ni?eeiaoe coneeey noeneo-?icoyao
? cnoao, aeei?enoiao?oueny iiaeaeue i?oaeiiai na?aaeiaeua, yea iiaea
aooe iienaia nenoaiith neaey?iiai ? aaeoi?iiai ??aiyiue

– a?aeiia?aeii neaey?ia ? aaeoi?ia ooieoe??, ui iienothoue iania?
neee.

O a??ie/?e ni?aa? /anoi aeieea? iaiao?aei?noue o aea/aii? aeeiai?ee
aeaooo a na?aaeiaeuao c neaaith ii??i?noth cnoaiei aeaoi?iaoe?yi (aeeie,
i?nee oa ?i.). Caaaeath/e ia oa, ui ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaeeue o ieo o
a?aeiiiio iaaeeaeaii? iineoue aeonoe/iee oa?aeoa?, aiie iiaeooue
iiaeaethaaoeny c oeie ae i?eiouaiiyie, ui ? a noeneeaeo ??aeeeo
na?aaeiaeuao. Oiio aeey ?o aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia
o?eueee ??aiyiiy (1).

Aeey oa?oaaoeo ii??ae ??aiyiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaeeue aeiiiaith?oueny
??aiyiiyie eiioaeoo noi?aeieo oa??a, ye? aecia/athoue oiiae ?o
aca?iiae?? a i?ioean? iaae?iiy oaee? ia iiaa?oith a?aeie?aieaiiy G ?
ianooiiiai a?aeaeooy a?ae oe??? iiaa?oi?, a oaeiae caeiieaiiy /a?ac ia?
a na?aaeiaeua noi?aeiiai oa?o.

Iai?yiee i?iiai?a, acaeiaae yeeo ?iciianthaeaeothoueny oaee? aei ? i?ney
aca?iiae??, aecia/athoueny ca caeiiii Niae?ona

– eooe ?iciianthaeaeaiiy ?- ? S-oaeeue; ?iaeaene 1 ? 2
?aeaioeo?eothoue a?aeiia?aeii ia?oa ? ae?oaa na?aaeiaeua; ciaeaie “-”,
“+” iicia/ai? ia?aiao?e oaeeue aei ? i?ney ?o aca?iiae?? ia iiaa?oi? G.

(?en. 1).

, ia? e?euee?noue ?ooo

.

A ?acoeueoao? aca?iiae?? iaaeath/i? oaee? c iaaeath G aeieeathoue
a?aeaeo? P1+- ? S1+-oaee? oa caeiieai? ?2+- ? S2+-oaee?, ye? i?eaiaeyoue
o ?oo ??ci? aeaiaioe ia?oiai ? ae?oaiai na?aaeiaeu. E?euee?noue ?ooo
a?aeiia?aeieo aeaiaio?a o iai?yieo a?aeaeoeo P1+- ? S1+-oaeeue neeaaea?

Aeaiaioe a iai?yieo caeiieaieo ?2+- ? S2+-oaeeue iathoue e?euee?noue
?ooo

(6)

?en.1.Noaia a?aeaeooy ? i?iieeiaiiy iaaeath/i? ?-oaee? /a?ac

iiaa?oith a?aeie?aieaiiy

– u?eueiino? a?aeiia?aeieo na?aaeiaeu.

. Ae?oa? aeaa ??aiyiiy caienothoueny c oiiae iaia?a?aiino? aaeoi?a
oaeaeeino? ia iaae? G.

Ca aeiiiiiaith aeeeaaeaiiai i?aeoiaeo iiaoaeiaai? ??aiyiiy aca?iiae??
aeaooiaeo oaeeue ia iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy G aeey aeiaaee?a einiai
iaae?iiy iicaeiaaeiuei? ?1– ? iiia?a/ii? S1–oaeeue.

?icaeyioo? ??ci? eiia?iaoe?? iine?aeiaiinoae i?ioiaeaeaiiy oaeeue, eiee
aiie eini iaaeathoue ia ieiueie G, ye? a?aeie?aieththoue i?oaei?
na?aaeiaeua, i?oaeia na?aaeiaeua ? ??aeeio (aeeia, i?nie). Aeeiiaiee
aiae?c aca?iiae?? oaeeue c a?eueiith (aeaiiith) iiaa?oiath oa iiaa?oiath
aaniethoii oaa?aeiai o?ea.

Iiaoaeiaai? oi?ioee aeey ?ic?aooieo eiao?oe??io?a ae?aioaaiiy aeey
iaea?eueo iioe?aieo o i?e?iae? eiia?iaoe?e ?ici?uaiiy ii??ae.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeai? oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
?iciianthaeaeaiiy o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao aeaooiaeo oaeeue c
e?eaie?i?eieie o?iioaie. Oae? yaeua aeieeathoue, eiee oiaueie oa??a
ii??aiyii? c ?aae?onaie iaaeath/eo, a?aeaeoeo ? caeiieaieo oaeeue, oiio
o?iioe oeeo oaeeue ia iiaeia aaaaeaoe ieineeie ? aeey eiaeiiai iiiaioo
/ano iaiao?aeii aoaeoaaoe iiaa?oi? oeeo o?iio?a ? ne?aeeoaaoe ca ?o
ia?aaoaeiaith. Ine?eueee a oeeo aeiaaeeao iaea?eueo oe?eaaei c
i?eeeaaeii? oi/ee ci?o ? aecia/aiiy oi?i iiaa?oiiue oeeo o?iio?a ?
aaee/eie iai?oaeaiue, ui ia?aiinyoueny oaeeath ia o?iio?, oiio iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaiei ? canoinoaaiiy i?iiaiaaiai iaoiaeo a ioeueiaiio iaaeeaeaii?.
Ca aeiiiiiaith oeueiai iaoiaeo iiaeia iaea?eueo i?inoi ? iai/ii
aeine?aeeoe aoaeoe aca?iiae?? aeaooiaeo oaeeue ia iaaeao a?aeie?aieaiiy
ii??ae c ??cieie iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie. I?e oeueiio eiioo? o?iioo
aecia/a?oueny ??aiyiiyie aeeiiaeo, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue aeiaaeeio oeyoo,
i?ieaeaiiai oaeeath acaeiaae i?iiaiy, oa ??aiyiiyie ia?aiino.

Oaeei /eiii, aeey aiae?co aaiethoe?? oaeeue o iaaeao i?eeiyoiai
iaaeeaeaiiy iaiao?aeii o?eueee i?ine?aeeoaaoe ca ia?aaoaeiaith ?o
e?eaie?i?eieo o?iio?a ia iaaeao a?aeie?aieaiiy. Aeey oeueiai
canoiniao?oueny a?aeiiee i?eioeei eieaeueiino?, ca?aeii c yeei iiaeia
aaaaeaoe aoaeue-yeo oaeeth ieineith ? i?eeiaoe, ui i?e
a?aeaeoo?-caeiieaii? ieinei? oaee? ia iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy
ooai?ththoueny oaeiae eieaeueii ieine? oaee?, ye? iiaeia aoaeoaaoe ca
aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeeee, aeeeaaeaii? a ae?oaiio ?icae?e?.

Ia iniia? aeeeaaeaiiai i?aeoiaeo aeeiiaii oai?aoe/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy
iaoai?/ii? ae?? ?i?oe?eiaaieo oi/eiaei aeaooii noa?e/ieo oaeeue o
oa?oaaoeo ianeaao. C iaoith aiae?co iiaeeeaiai naeni?/iiai aieeao
i?aecaiiiai aeaooo ia nii?oaee ? ia’?eoe, ui ?icoaoiaai? ia aeaii?e
iiaa?oi?, aeeiiaii eiii’thoa?ia iiaeaethaaiiy aca?iiae?? noa?e/iiai
oaeeueiaiai o?iioo c ieiueiith a?aeie?aieaiiy aeieii?oo ? i?neiaeea, a
iio?i c aeaiiith iiaa?oiath. Ia ?en. 2 iaaaaeaia iine?aeiai?noue
o?ainoi?ioaaiiy aeo?aeii? ?1–oaee? a ?acoeueoao? ?? a?aeaeooy ?
caeiieaiiy. Aeaea?aei aeaooo iicia/aii oaiiith oi/eith, ia?a??ce o?iio?a
iicaeiaaei?o ?-oaeeue cia?aaeai? nooe?eueieie e?i?yie, ia?a??ce o?iio?a
iiia?a/ieo S-oaeeue – ioieoe?ieie. Ne?ae cacia/eoe, yeui aeo?aeia ?1– ?
a?aeaeoa a?ae ieiueie G ?1+-oaee? ? noa?e/ieie, an? ?io? oaee? i?ney
aca?iiae?? c ieiueiith G ? aeaiiith iiaa?oiath (o = 0) ao?a/athoue
noa?e/i?noue oi?ie, oi/ ? caeeoathoueny inaneiao?e/ieie.

Aeey an?o oei?a oaeeue ciaeaeai? oaeiae iai?oaeaiiy ia ?o o?iioao.
Iieacaii, ui a ?acoeueoao? eiaeiiai aeoo aca?iiae?? c iaaeaie
a?aeie?aieaiiy cia/aiiy iai?oaeaiue iii?oii ciaioothoueny.

Aeey c?noaaeaiiy ?icaeyioo? oaeiae aeiaaeee ?iciianthaeaeaiiy noa?e/ieo
oaeeue a iaeii??aeieo ianeaao aeieii?oo oa i?neiaeeo i?e iayaiino?
a?eueieo iiaa?oiiue. Aeeiiaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeei aecia/eoe
iaea?eueo iaaacia/ia i?noea ?icoaooaaiiy ia’?eo?a ia aeaii?e iiaa?oi? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae oeio oaeeue, aei yeiai ia’?eo iaea?eueo ni?eeiyoeeaee.

Ia i?eeeaae? iaoai?/ii? iiaeae? nenoaie (i?oaeiee ianea – ??aeea
na?aaeiaeua c a?eueiith iiaa?oiath) aea/aii o?ainoi?iaoe?th oaeeue ia
iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy a?ai?oo ? aeeie, ia caeaoii? /eieoe ii?? cnoaiei
aeaoi?iaoe?yi. Iieacaia ??cieoey iaoai?cio ia?aaoaeiae o?iio?a, yea a
aeaiiio aeiaaeeo aeeeeeaia a?aenooi?noth (caiaaeoi iaeith
?ioaineai?noth) cnoaieo S-oaeeue o aeei?.

Aeine?aeaeaii aoaeo aaiethoe?? iiey iai?oaeaiue o ciiao oae
caaieo oi/ie iiaiiai aioo??oiueiai a?aeaeooy ia iiaa?oi? a?aeie?aieaiiy
aeaio na?aaeiaeu, ye? aeieeathoue i?ae /an i?ioiaeaeaiiy i?iiaiy oaee? c
na?aaeiaeua c iaioith aeonoe/iith aei?noe?noth a na?aaeiaeua c a?eueoith
aeonoe/iith aei?noe?noth. I?e oeueiio a caeii? Niae?ona (3) aeaye? c
??aiinoae ao?a/athoue niene, ine?eueee aeey ?o caaeiaieueiaiiy cia/aiiy
ao?aeieo ooieoe?e neiona iiaeii? aooe a?eueoeie iaeeieoe?. Oaea
neooaoe?y iia’ycaia c nooo?aith ci?iith iaoai?cio aca?iiae?? iaaeath/i?
? caeiieaii? oaeeue, aeeeeeaiith ??ai?noth aeayeeo eiiiiiaio?a
oaeaeeinoae, ui ?iciianthaeaeothoueny ocaeiaae iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy
na?aaeiaeu. Oe? noaie a iaoai?oe? aaaaeathoueny e?eoe/ieie, ine?eueee,
ye i?aaeei, noi?iaiaeaeothoueny iano?eeeie yaeuaie. Aeey aiae?co oeueiai
aoaeoo aeeiiaii eiii’thoa?ia iiaeaethaaiiy oaeeueiaeo i?ioean?a i?e
oi/eiaiio aeaooo a nenoai? aiaea-i?aai?/ia neei. Ca ?ic?iaeaiith
iaoiaeeeith ciaeaeaii oi/ee iiaiiai aioo??oiueiai a?aeaeooy ia a?aie/i?e
iiaa?oi? oa cia/aiiy iai?oaeaiue ia o?iioao iaaeath/i?, a?aeaeoi? ?
caeiieaii? oaeeue. Io?eiaii, ui i?e caeeaeaii? ei?aiaaeo oi/ie o?iio?a
oaeeue ? oi/ie iiaiiai aioo??oiueiai a?aeaeooy iai?oaeaiiy ia o?iio?
caeiieaii? (ui ?iciianthaeaeo?oueny a i?aai?/iiio nee?) iicaeiaaeiuei?
oaee? cia/ii c?inoathoue. Aeyaeaiee aoaeo iiaea aooe i?e/eiith i?noeaaeo
?oeioaaiue o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao, ia ye? ae?thoue aeaooia? oaee?.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoai?/ieo aoaeo?a i?ae /an aeaooo a oa?oaaoeo
na?aaeiaeuao. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia aaeineiiaeaiith
aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee ?a?no?aoe?? ia?aiao??a aeaooiaeo oaeeue o
??aeei?. O aeine?aeao aeei?enoiaoaaany a?ae?iaeaeo?i?ic?yaeiee noaiae,
ca aeiiiiiaith yeiai iiaeia aaia?oaaoe oaee?, ye? iathoue e?ooee o?iio
(a?ey 10-7n) ? oa?aeoa? niaaeaiiy oeneo ca o?iioii ii aeniiiaio?.
Iino?eia /ano niaaeaiiy oeneo aeey oeueiai noaiaeo ia? ae?aiacii 3.10-5
…6.10-5n.

Aeaooia? iaaaioaaeaiiy ?a?no?oaaeeny ca aeiiiiiaith aeao/ee?a oeneo,
/ooeeaeie aeaiaioaie yeeo aoea i’?ciea?ai?ea oeio OeON-19, ui aeicaieyei
?a?no?oaaoe oene ia o?iio? oaea?ii? oaee? aei 107Ia ? caienoaaoe ca
/anii o?iioaeueio /anoeio oaee? ii/eiath/e a?ae 2.10-6n. A
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aei??thaaiiyo aeei?enoiaoaaeeny inoeeeia?aoe N9-8 ?
N9-16, ye? iathoue aeinoaoiuei aenieo /anoioo i?iioneaiiy.

I?e aeine?aeaeaii? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue o oa?oaaoiio
na?aaeiaeu? (??aeeia-a?ai?o-??aeeia) aeao/ee 1 ?a?no?oaaa ia?aiao?e
iaaeath/i? oaee?. Aeao/eee 2, 3, 4, ye? ?a?no?oaaee caeiieaio oaeeth,
cae??iethaaeeny ia a?aenoaiyo 0,07…0,30 i ii ia?iaiaeeeoey?o aei oeaio?o
c?acea ia iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy.

Aeine?aeaeoaaeeny c?acee iaea?eueo iioe?aieo a Oe?a?i? a?ai?o?a c
?ici??aie: 0,3o0,3o0,01 i; 0,6o0,3o0,02 i; 0,3o0,3o0,03 i ?
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie: u?euei?noue (=2670 ea/i3; iiaeoeue
THiaa A=50 AIa ; eiao?oe??io Ioanniia (=0,25. Ia?iaea inoeeeia?ai
i?iaiaeeeany ca aeiiiiiaith ?ioa?oaeniiai iaeaaeiaiiy, yea aeicaieeei
oeeo?ia? iieacieee inoeeeia?aoa N9-16 aeaiaeeoe ia eiii’thoa? “?antium
166” c iiaeaeueoei aeei?enoaiiyi iaocaaacia/aiiy “Iaoeaa”.

O oiae? aenia?eiaio?a aoei aeine?aeaeaii i?ioiaeaeaiiy oaee? /a?ac oa?
a?ai?oo. Aecia/aany eiao?oe??io aaoaiiy Ea, yeee yaey? niaith
a?aeiioaiiy aiie?ooae iaeneiaeueieo oene?a a?ae aeaooo a /eno?e aiae?
aei aiie?ooaee oaee?, yea i?ieoea /a?ac a?ai?o o oi/eo ?ici?uaiiy 2-ai
aeao/eea.

Ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeo iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a iaea?aeaia ei?aeyoe?eia
caeaaei?noue Ea a?ae oiaueie a?ai?oieo c?ace?a. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ci?ie Ea
a caeaaeiino? a?ae a?aenoai? caeiieaieo /a?ac oa? a?ai?oo oaea?ieo
oaeeue i?iaaaeai? aeey c?ace?a oiaueiith 0,01 i.

Iacia/ia ?ica?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo (ia a?eueoa 18%) aeaco? ia aeinoia??i?noue
oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a ? aoaeoeai?noue ia/enethaaeueii? iaoiaeeee.

Iiaeaethaaiiy aaaaoioa?iaeo na?aaeiaeu i?iaiaeeeiny ca aeiiiiiaith aeaio
a?ai?oieo c?ace?a oiaueiith 0,01 i, i?ae yeeie aoea u?eeia. U?eeia
caiiaithaaeany aiaeith, iia?o?yi aai aeaioaciei na?aaeiaeuai
(iie?aoeeaiiaa ioce?/aoa ie?aea).

Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eyeany aenia?eiaioaeueiiio aecia/aiith eooa iiaiiai
aioo??oiueiai a?aeaeooy, ?nioaaiiy yeiai ia?aaeaa/aia ia iniia?
oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? i?iaaaeai? a o?aoueiio ?icae?e?
aeena?oaoe??. Aeaeo?iaeaoo a?aeaoaaany o aiae?, a ca aeiiiiiaith
oaiciaeao/ee?a ia iiaa?oi? ieeoe c i?aai?/iiai neea aei??thaaany no?eaie
aeaoi?iaoe?e, eiee eoo iaae?iiy o?iioo aeaooiai? oaee? ia ieeoo aeinyaaa
e?eoe/iiai cia/aiiy.

?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaio?a iaaaaeai? ia ?en. 3, aea ioieoe?iith e?i??th
iicia/aii ?iciiae?e iaeneiaeueieo noeneoth/eo aeaoi?iaoe?e a1 aeey
i?aai?/iiai neea a caeaaeiino? a?ae a?aenoai? aei ai?oeaio?o
aeaeo?iaeaooo. Iiae?aia caeaaei?noue aeey iaeneiaeue-ieo aeaoi?iaoe?e
?icoyao a2 iicia/aia oo?eoioieoe?iith e?i??th. Aeey ii-??aiyiiy ooo aea
iaaaaeai? oai?aoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo iaeneiaeueieo noeneoth/eo
aeaoi?iaoe?e a1 , ye? ii-cia/aii nooe?eueiith e?i??th. Iaeneiaeueia
aeaoi?iaoe?y iiaa?oi? i?aai?/-iiai neea cao?eniaaia ia a?aenoai? 0,23i
a?ae ai?oeaio?o aeaeo?iaeaooo, ui eeoa ia 8% ia ca?aa?oueny c
oai?aoe/ieie ?ic?aooieaie. Na?aaeiy ?ica?aei?noue oai?aoe/ieo ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo ii iaeneioiao noeneoth/eo aeaoi?iaoe?e ia
ia?aaeuo? 25%. Oaeei /eiii, aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai? ye?nii ? e?euee?nii
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue oai?aoe/i? aeniiaee, io?eiai? ca aeiiiiiaith
i?iiaiaai? oai???, ?icaeiooi? a ?icae?e? 3.

O i’yoiio ?icae?e? ia iniia? oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?iaie, ye? aeeiiai? a
?iaio?, aeine?aeaeothoueny oaeeueia? i?ioeane a oa?oaaoeo ianeaao i?e
aeaiiioaae? oaooieo noaie?a, i?iaaaeaii? i?iieneiaeo aeaoo?a a ea?’??ao,
a oaeiae ae?aioaaii? naeniiiaaacia/ieo cii i?e ianiaeo aeaooao. O oiae?
aeeeaaeaiiy ci?noo aeine?aeaeaiue i?aee?aneth?oueny ?o aeooaeuei?noue ?
ia?niaeoeai?noue. Aeaoaeueii iaa?oioiaothoueny aea?? ?ic?aooieiaeo noai
? canoinoaaiiy ?ic?iaeaieo oai?aoe/ieo iaoiae?a aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy
naeni?/ieo aoaeo?a, ye? aeieeathoue i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo
?ia?o.

Aa?oiy /anoeia noaiea oaooe, yea ?oeio?oueny aeaooii, ?icoaoiaaia a oa??
aeeie oiaueiith 10…15 i; a ieaeiy – a a?ai?oiiio ianea?. Ine?eueee
?oeioaaeany eeoa aa?oiy /anoeia noaiea oaooe (6 i a?ae aeaiii?
iiaa?oi?), oi noa?e/i? ca?yaee ?icoaoiaoaaeeny ia a?aenoai? 1, 3 i oa 6
i a?ae aeaii? iiaa?oi?. ?ioaineai?noue aeaea?ae i?oaeieo eieeaaiue a?ae
aeaoo?a aecia/aeany oiiaith ?oeioaaiiy iaieiiee oaooiiai noaiea. Oaeei
/eiii, ia?ii caaea/o i?i aeaoo ca?yaeo a oa??, ?icoaoiaaiiio ia
i?oaeiiio iai?ai?inoi??. Aeeiiaii aeaoaeueiee ye?niee oa e?euee?niee
oai?aoe/iee aiae?c oaeeueiaeo yaeu i?e iaoaiaoe/iiio iiaeaethaaii?
aeaooiaiai aeaiiioaaeo oaooieo noaie?a o oa?oaaoiio ianea?. Aecia/aiee
oa?aeoa? naeniieieeaaiue oi/ie aeaiii? iiaa?oi? a caeaaeiino? a?ae
aeeaeie caeeaaeaiiy ca?yaeo a i?oaeiiio oa??. ?iciiae?e oaeaeeinoae o
oaeeueiaeo i?ioeanao a?ae aeaea?aea aeaooo, oeaooiaaiiai a oa?? aeeie,
ui eaaeeoue ia i?ai?inoi?? a?ai?oo, iiaeia aeei?enoaoe aeey neeaaeaiiy
i?iaeo?a i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o i?e aeaiiioaae? oaooieo noaie?a o oe?ieiio
ae?aiacii? oiia i?ae?eaaiiy, oae ye ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooie?a
ni?aiaaeathoue c aeaieie cai???a, ye? i?iaiaeeeenue a aiaeia?/ieo oiiaao
NEOA ?inoeoooo aaio?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie.

neeaaeiaeo oaeaeeinoae eieeaaiue oi/ie aeaiii? iiaa?oi? a?ae a?aenoai?
aei ai?oeaio?aeueii? ciie aeaooo (?en.4) ? e?eoa??? naeniiaaciaee,
iiaeia aecia/aoe ?ici??e cii, a yeeo aa?aioo?oueny aaciaea i?iieneiaeo
nii?oae.

Aaeeea oaaaa i?eae?eaia aeine?aeaeaiith aieeao ae?ai?a c ??cieie
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie ia oa?aeoa? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo
oaeeue. Ia aac? cai?iiiiiaaiiai ?iaeaia?iiai iaoiaeo aeey ioe?iee
o?ainoi?iaoe?? ieinei? oaee? ia iaae? a?aeie?aieaiiy aeeiiaii
aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao ae?aioaaiiy oa?oaaoeie iaiaeii??aeiinoyie ia
iaoai?/iee aoaeo aeaooo. Iaaaaeai? e?euee?ni? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa
aaoaiiy ea oaea?ieo oaeeue aeey ??cieo aaee/ei aeonoe/ii? aei?noeino?
a??nueei? ii?iaee ? ae?aiiaaiiai oa?o. Aeaooe i?iaiaeeeenue o aaiiyeiaeo
ianeaao. Aiae?c oai?aoe/ieo (ea=1,8) ? a?aeiieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeaieo (ea=2,3) iieaco?, ui aenia?eiaioaeuei? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa
aaoaiiy a?eueo? i?ae oai?aoe/i?. Oea iiynith?oueny oei, ui a ?ic?aooieao
aeei?enoiaoaaeeny i?oaei? iiaeae? na?aaeiaeu aac o?aooaaiiy ?icn?thaaiiy
aia?a??. Oiio aecia/ai? oai?aoe/ii naeniiaacia/i? ciie aoaeooue iaoe
caian aa?aio?? ii a?aenoai?.

AENIIAEE

A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aeeeaaeaii iiaa ??oaiiy aeooaeueii? iaoeiai-
oaoi?/ii? caaea/?, ui iieyaa? o anoaiiaeaii? oa?aeoa?ieo iniaeeainoae
?iciianthaeaeaiiy, a?aeaeooy oa caeiieaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue i?e aeaooao o
oa?oaaoeo ii?iaeao ? a ?ic?iaoe? ia iniia? oeueiai aoaeoeaii? iaoiaeeee
ioe?iee naeni?/iiai aoaeoo aeaooo, yea eiiieaenii a?aoiao? ia?aiao?e
ca?yaeo, na?aaeiaeua oa io?eiai? caeiiii??iino?.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/iiai ? i?eeeaaeiiai oa?aeoa?o iieyaathoue o
ianooiiiio.

1. ?ic?iaeaia ? iaa?oioiaaia iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a i?oaeieo
a?aeaeoeo oa caeiieaieo oaeeue i?e aeaooao o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao.

2. C aeei?enoaiiyi ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee aecia/ai? ia?aiao?e aeeiai?/ii?
aca?iiae?? aeaooiaeo oaeeue ia iaaeao a?aeie?aieaiiy ??ciiiai?oieo
eiiiiceoe?e oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeu, aeiaaaeaia iiaeeea?noue e?euee?nii?
ioe?iee aoaeoo ?icn?thaaiiy oa ae?aioaaiiy ia oa?oaaoeo
iaiaeii??aeiinoyo.

3. Anoaiiaeaii aoaeo c?inoaiiy iai?oaeaiue ia o?iio? oaee? a oi/eao oae
caaiiai eooa iiaiiai aioo??oiueiai a?aeaeooy, yeee aia?oa ciaeoia ye?nia
oa e?euee?nia i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy i?e i?iaaaeaii? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue.

4. C aeei?enoaiiyi ??aiyiue ?ooo aeaiaio?a i?oaeieo oa ??aeeeo
na?aaeiaeu, a oaeiae oiia aeeiai?/ii? aca?iiae?? i?oaeieo oaeeue ia
iiaa?oiyo a?aeie?aieaiiy c ??cieie iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie io?eiai?
oi?ioee aeey ia/eneaiiy eiao?oe??ioa aaoaiiy oaeeue oa?ii ii?iaee c
?ioeie iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie.

5. Oaeineiiaeaia iaoiaeeea aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oaeeueiaeo
i?ioean?a o oa?oaaoeo na?aaeiaeuao oeyoii aeei?enoaiiy i’?ciea?ai?/ieo
aeao/ee?a aeniei? ?ic??cithaaeueii? caeaoiino? oa ?ioa?oaeniiai
i?eno?ith, ui aeicaieeei oeeo?ia? iieacieee inoeeeia?aoa aeaiaeeoe ia
iii?oi? eiii’thoa?a c ianooiiei aeei?enoaiiyi iaocaaacia/aiiy “Iaoeaa”.

6. Ia iniia? aaeineiiaeaii? iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeai?: o?ainoi?iaoe?y
aeaooiaeo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo ii?iaeao, cie?aia aecia/aia caeaaei?noue
aaee/eie eiao?oe??ioa aaoaiiy a?ae oiaueie a?ai?oiiai oa?o; eiao?oe??io
aaoaiiy i?e caiiaiaii? o??ueie i?ae aeaiia a?ai?oieie c?aceaie aiaeith,
aiaeiiia?o?yiith noi?ooth oa iia?o?yi, aaee/eia yeiai a?aeiia?aeii
aei??aithaaea 35, 200 oa 600.

7. Anaa?/iee aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?ioiaeaeaiiy aeaooiaeo oaeeue /a?ac oa?oaao? na?aaeiaeua aeicaieea
noai?eoe i?eno??e aeey aaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o i?ae aiaeith, yeee
iaae?eii caoeua? iaaeieeoi? na?aaeiaeua a?ae oe?aeeeai? ae?? aeaooo. Ia
i?eno??e io?eiaii iaoaio ia aeiao?ae ? 23773 A a?ae 16.06.98 ?ieo.

8. Aoaeoeai?noue io?eiaieo oai?aoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a aeiaaaeaia
caaeia?eueiith ca?aei?noth ?o c aenia?eiaioaeueieie aeaieie ?ioeo
aaoi??a, ye? i?iaiaeeee aenia?eiaioe a i?iieneiaeo oiiaao a?ai?oieo
ea?’???a ? i?e aeaiiioaae? oaooieo noaie?a ioneiaeo onoaiiaie, ui
aeicaiey? ?aeiiaiaeoaaoe ?ic?iaeaio iaoiaeeeo iiaeaethaaiiy
?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue i?e aaaeaii? i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o o
oa?oaaoeo ii?iaeao aeey ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo.

INIIAI? IIEIAEAIIss AeENA?OAOe?? IIOAE?EIAAI? A ?IAIOAO:

Ac?uaiua aieiu a neienoi-iaiaeii?iaeiuo ianneaao /E.I.Oea/oe,
A.E.Aoeyaa, I.C.Eoaiaie, A.I.Eaai/aiei, E.A.Ieothe // ?ac?aa. ?oaei.
ianoi?iaeaeaiee. – E?eaie ?ia: EOO. – 1996. –A. 59. – N. 41-46.

Ieothe E.A. Aeaenoaea ac?uaa a oa??aeie n?aaea // Iaoa?eaeu
eiioa?aioeee “I?iaeaiu aeae?iaaiiaoaieee a ai?iii aeaea e
no?ieoaeuenoaa”. – E.: Ciaiea.- 1996.- *. 2.- N. 25-26.

Ieothe E.A. Aeeyiea ai?iiaaieiae/aneeo oaeoi?ia ia naenie/aneee yooaeo
ac?uaa // Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Iniiai? iai?yie
caaacia/aiiy aaciaee ianaeaiiy oa no?eeino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie i?e caa?ic? aeieeiaiiy i?e?iaeieo oa oaoiiaaiieo
eaoano?io”.-E: Ciaiiy.-1997.-N.67-68.

Ieothe E.A. Aeaenoaea ieineie oaea?iie aieiu a iaiaeii?iaeiuo n?aaeao //
?ac?aa. ?oaei. ianoi?iaeaeaiee. – E?eaie ?ia: EOO. – 1997.- A. 61.-
N.59-64.

Ieothe E.A. Aiaeec yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee iaoaiecia ?ac?ooaiey
e ?ani?ino?aiaiey ac?uaiuo aiei a iaiaeii?iaeiuo neienouo n?aaeao //
Aunieiyia?aaoe/aneay ia?aaioea iaoa?eaeia. – Aeiai?iiao?iane: A?o-I?ann.
– 1997. – N. 109-113.

Caueoiua naienoaa ye?aiia a aiaea i?e aeaenoaee oaea?iiaieiiauo
iaa?ocie / E.E.Aieeueaa, I.C.Eoaiaie, E.A.Ieothe, A.A.Nouaiei //
Iaoa?eaeu VI iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee
“I?eeeaaeiua i?iaeaiu iaoaieee aeeaeeinoe e aaca”.- Naaanoiiieue:
NaaAOO.- 1997.- N. 75-76.

Ieothe E.A. Yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey oaea?iuo
aiei a neienouo n?aaeao //?ac?aa. ?oaei. ianoi?iaeaeaiee. – E?eaie ?ia:
– EOO. – 1998.- A. 62.- N. 67-73.

Iao. 23773 A Oe?a?ia, IEE F 42 D 5/00. I?eno??e aeey aaaeaiiy aeaooiaeo
?ia?o i?ae aiaeith / Oea/oe E.I., Ieothe E.I., Eoaiaee I.C., Aoey?a
A.?., Eoaiaee C.I., Eoaiaee I.I.(Oe?a?ia):-?97020785; Cayae. 24.02.97;
Iioae. 16.06.98. – 3 c.

AIIOAOe?ss

I?othe E.I. Iiaeaethaaiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?oaeieo oaeeue o oa?oaaoeo
a??nueeeo ii?iaeao aeey ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.15.11 – o?ce/i? i?ioeane a??ie/iai ae?iaieoeoaa.
– Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo ioi?iie i?aoe?
I?i?noa?noaa i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a, 1999.

Aea?ai? oa iaa?oioiaai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?, ui aacothoueny ia ??aiyiiyo
oai??e i?oaeiino? oa ??aeeeo na?aaeiaeu a?aeiia?aeii aeey ii??ae c?
cia/iei iii?ii cnoaiei iai?oaeaiiyi ? ca a?aenooiino? eiai.

C aeei?enoaiiyi noa?aiiaoai?/ii? oai??? oaea?o io?eiai? oi?ioee aeey
?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a a?aeaeoeo ? caeiieaieo oaeeue a?ae ieinei? iaae?
a?aeie?aieaiiy ii??ae ? a?oio?a. Aeeiiaia e?euee?nia ioe?iea aoaeoo
ae?aioaaiiy oaeeue i?oaeieie oa?aie c ??cieie iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie.
?icaeyiooi ae?th ieinei? oaea?ii? oaee? ia iane?i/aiii aeiaaa aei?noea
aeeth/aiiy i?yiieooiiai ia?a??co. ?ica’ycaia caaea/a i?i o?ainoi?iaoe?th
oaeeue c e?eaie?i?eieie o?iioaie i?e oiauei? oa??a, aeecueei? aei
?aae?on?a e?eaecie oaeeue.

?ic?iaeaia oa ai?iaiaaia iaoiaeeea eiii’thoa?iiai iiaeaethaaiiy
oaeeueiaeo i?ioean?a o oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? ci?ie aaiiao?e/ieo,
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo ia?aiao??a oa??a ii??ae ? ca?yae?a.

Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeaeaii i?ioiaeaeaiiy oaea?ieo oaeeue /a?ac
a?ai?oi? c?acee ??cii? oiaueie, i?ae yeeie a u?eeiao aoea aiaea,
ioce?/aoa iie?aoeeaiiaa ie?aea, iia?o?y. Io?eiaia ei?aeyoe?eia
caeaaei?noue eiao?oe?aioa aaoaiiy a?ae oiaueie a?ai?oieo c?ace?a.
Noai?aii i?eno??e aeey aaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o i?ae aiaeith, ia yeee
io?eiaii iaoaio.

Aoaeoeai?noue oai?aoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a aeiaaaeaia iiceoeaiei ?o ca?aii c
?acoeueoaoaie aenia?eiaio?a aaoi?a oa ?ioeo aeine?aeiee?a, ui aeicaiey?
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe ?ic?iaeaio iaoiaeeeo iiaeaethaaiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiy
i?oaeieo oaeeue i?ae /an aaaeaiiy i?ae?eaieo ?ia?o o oa?oaaoeo a??nueeeo
ii?iaeao aeey ioe?iee naeni?/ii? ae?? aeaooo.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: iiaeaethaaiiy; oaee? aeaooia?; ianeae oa?oaao?, i?oaei?;
ae?aioaaiiy; aoaeo naeni?/iee.

AIIIOAOeEss

Ieothe E.A. Iiaeaee?iaaiea ?ani?ino?aiaiey oi?oaeo aiei a neienouo
ai?iuo ii?iaeao aeey ioeaiee naenie/aneiai aeaenoaey ac?uaa.- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.15.11 – oece/aneea i?ioeannu ai?iiai
i?iecaiaenoaa.- Iaoeeiiaeueiue iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneee einoeooo
io?aiu o?oaea Ieienoa?noaa o?oaea e nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee Oe?aeiu, a.
Eeaa, 1999.

Aeey oai?aoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey aeeiaieee neienouo ai?iuo ii?iae
aua?aiu e iainiiaaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee, aace?othueany ia o?aaiaieyo
oai?ee oi?oainoe e aeeaeeeo n?aae niioaaonoaaiii aeey ii?iae ni
cia/eoaeueiui nii?ioeaeaieai naeaeaathuei iai?yaeaieyi e i?e ionoonoaee
aai. Ia iniiaa noa?aiiaoaie/aneie oai?ee oaea?a i?aaeeiaeaiu oi?iu?iiua
iiaeaee acaeiiaeaenoaey ieineeo oaea?iuo aiei n ieineeie a?aieoeaie
?acaeaea a?oioia, ai?iuo ii?iae, aiaeu, iicaieythuea iienuaaoue
eieaeueioth yaiethoeeth aiei ia eo o?iioao.

N iiiiuueth i?aaeeiaeaiiiai oi?iu?iiiai iiaeoiaea iieo/aiu oi?ioeu aeey
au/eneaiey eioaineaiinoe io?aae?iiuo e i?aeiie?iiuo oaea?iuo aiei iinea
eo acaeiiaeaenoaey n a?aieoeae ?acaeaea iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?ai?iiuo
a?oioia e ai?iuo ii?iae. Eiee/anoaaiii ioeai?i yooaeo ye?aie?iaaiey
oaea?iuo aiei oi?oaeie neiyie n ioee/athueieny iaoaie/aneeie naienoaaie.
Iino?iaiu niioaaonoaothuea oaaeeoeu aeey eiyooeoeeaioia eioaineaiinoe.
?anniio?aii aeeiaie/aneia aicaeaenoaea ieineie oaea?iie aieiu ia
aaneiia/ii aeeeiiia aeanoeia aeeth/aiea i?yiioaieueiiai na/aiey.
?an/aoiua caaeneiinoe iicaieytho iaoiaeeoue ia?aiauaiey, nei?inoe e
iai?yaeaiey a n?aaea e ia a?aieoea n aeeth/aieai.

I?aaenoaaeyy o?aaiaiea aeaeaeaiey oi?oaie n?aaeu a aaeoi?iie oi?ia, a
aieiiaua iioaioeeaeu a aeaea eo/aauo ?yaeia, oiiiaeaiiuo ia ooieoeeth
Oaaenaeaea, ?aoaia caaea/a i o?ainoi?iaoeee aiei n e?eaieeiaeiuie
o?iioaie,

aicieeathueo i?e oieueia nei?a, aeeceeo e ?aaeeonai e?eaeciu aiei.

I?iaaaeaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iicaieeee nicaeaoue iao/ii-iainiiaaiioth
iaoiaeeeo i?iaiice?iaaiey ia?aiao?ia oi?oaeo aiei i?e aaaeaiee ac?uaiuo
?aaio a neienouo ai?iuo ii?iaeao. ?ac?aaioaiiua aeai?eoiu e i?ia?aiiu
iicaieytho i?iaiaeeoue iiaeaee?iaaiea ia YAI enneaaeoaiuo aieiiauo
i?ioeannia a oe?ieii aeeaiaciia eciaiaiee aaiiao?e/aneeo,
oeceei-iaoaie/aneeo ia?aiao?ia nei?a ii?iae e ca?yaeia.

?aaioiniiniaiinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioaiiie iaoiaeeee aeieacaia
i?e enneaaeiaaiee acaeiiaeaenoaey noa?e/aneie ac?uaiie aieiu n
ieineinoueth ?acaeaea aeieiieo-ian/aiee e n aeiaaiie iiaa?oiinoueth.
Ii?aaeaeaiu iaeaieaa iianiua ianoa ?aniieiaeaiey iauaeoia ia aeiaaiie
iiaa?oiinoe a caaeneiinoe io oeia iiey?ecaoeee aiei e ia?aiauaiee, e
eioi?ui iauaeo iaeaieaa aini?eei/ea. Auiieiaii oaeaea eiiiuethoa?iia
iiaeaee?iaaiea acaeiiaeaenoaey aieiu n a?aieoeae ?acaeaea neiy aeeiu,
eaaeauaai ia iieoi?ino?ainoaa ec a?aieoa. Eco/ai yooaeo yaiethoeee
iai?yaeaiee a ciia oae iacuaaaiuo oi/ae iieiiai aioo?aiiaai io?aaeaiey
ia iiaa?oiinoe ?acaeaea oi?oaeo n?aae, aicieeathuae i?e aeaeaeaiee aieiu
ec n?aaeu n iaiueoae (aiaea) a n?aaeo n aieueoae (i?anoaeei)
aeonoe/aneie aeanoeinoueth. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?e naeeaeaiee ei?iaauo
oi/ae o?iioia aiei e oi/ae iieiiai aioo?aiiaai io?aaeaiey iai?yaeaiey ia
o?iioa i?aeiieaiiie i?iaeieueiie aieiu aic?anoatho.

Yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey oi?oaeo aiei a neienouo
n?aaeao i?iaiaeeeenue n eniieueciaaieai nia?aiaiiie aiia?aoo?u aeey
?aaeno?aoeee auno?ii?ioaeathueo i?ioeannia. Yenia?eiaiou i?iaiaeeeenue
ia niaoeeaeueiii aeae?iyeaeo?i?ac?yaeiii noaiaea. Enoi/ieeii ac?uaiuo
iaa?ocie neoaeee i?iaie iaaeiie i?iaieiee iaaeaeo aeaoiy yeaeo?iaeaie
aunieiaieueoiiai eaaaey. Ia?aiao?u iaaeathuae, io?aae?iiie e
i?aeiie?iiie aiei oeene?iaaeenue aeao/eeaie aeaaeaiey n eniieueciaaieai
inoeeeeia?aoia N9-8, N9-16. Iiaeaeyie neoaeeee a?aieoiua ieeou ?acee/iie
oieueiu, uaee iaaeaeo eioi?uie caiieiyeenue aiaeie, iocu?/aoie
iieeyoeeaiiaie ie?ieie e aicaeooii.

Iieo/aia ei??aeyoeeiiiay caaeneiinoue eiyooeoeeaioa aaoaiey (ioiioaiea
iaeneiaeueiuo aeaaeaiee io ac?uaa a /enoie aiaea e aeaaeaieth i?ioaaeoae
/a?ac a?aieoiue ye?ai aieiu a oi/eo onoaiiaee aeao/eea) io oieueiu
a?aieoiuo ia?acoeia i?e oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiii niaiaaeaiee
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo e oai?aoe/aneeo aeaiiuo (?acee/ea ia aieueoa 18%).
Auiieiaia i?iaa?ea oai?aoe/anee enneaaeiaaiiiai oae iacuaaaiiai yooaeoa
iieiiai aioo?aiiaai io?aaeaiey.

Ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?acoeueoaoia yenia?eiaioia ii eco/aieth i?ioiaeaeaiey
aiei /a?ac iiiaineieiua n?aaeu n o/anoeai aaoi?a nicaeaii ono?ienoai
aeey aaaeaiey ac?uaiuo ?aaio iiae aiaeie, ia eioi?ia iieo/ai iaoaio.

?ac?aaioaiiay aaoi?ii iaoiaeeea iiaeaee?iaaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey oi?oaeo
aiei a neienouo n?aaeao iicaieyao enneaaeiaaoue eciaiaiey ai a?aiaie e
i?ino?ainoaa iieiiai aaeoi?a nei?inoe naenie/aneeo eieaaaiee e eaaeaeie
aai eiiiiiaiou a ioaeaeueiinoe, /oi ?acei nie?auaao iau?i aei?iainoiyueo
naenie/aneeo ecia?aiee. Yooaeoeaiinoue oai?aoe/aneeo ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou
aeieacaia oaeaea oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui niaiaaeaieai eo n aeaiiuie ?yaea
aaoi?ia, i?iaiaeeaoeo yenia?eiaiou a i?iiuoeaiiuo oneiaeyo a?aieoiuo
ea?uea?ia e i?e aeaiiioaaea oaooiuo noaieia ioneiauo onoaiiaie, /oi
iicaieyao ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue aeaiioth iaoiaeeeo aeey ioeaiee naenie/aneiai
aeaenoaey ac?uaa.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: iiaeaee?iaaiea; aieiu ac?uaiua; ianneau neienoua,
oi?oaea; ye?aie?iaaiea; yooaeo naenie/aneee.

ANNOTATION

Mityuk L. Modelling of distribution of springy waves in the laminated
rocks for the evaluation of seismic action of blasting.- Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidate’s degree in technical sciences speciality
05.15.11. – physical processes in mining- The National Research
Institute on Occupational Safety of Ministry of the labour and social
politics of Ukraine, Kiev , 1999.

The mathematical models were selected and well-grounded. They base on
the equations of the theory of an elasticity and liquid mediums
concerning the rocks with considerable resistance for shifting stresses
or without it.

With the help of stereomechanical theory of impact the formulas were
obtained for account of parameters of waves that reflected and refracted
from the flat boundaries of separated rocks and soils. The quantitative
evaluation of the effect of reflection of waves which take place for
springy stratums has carried out. The action of the flat impact wave on
the infinitely long hard inclusion with slit of rectangular shape and
different mechanical properties was examined. The problem concerning
transformation of curvilinear fronts of the waves with thickness of
stratums approximated to radius of the wave curvature was undid.

The procedure of computer modelling of wave processes in wide range of
variation of geometric and physical- mechanical parameters of
sphere-shaped stratums of rocks and soils was designed and approbated.

The passing of impact wave through the granite samples with different
thickness and slits which were contained with water, bubble polietilen
film or air, was explored theoretically.

The correlation dependence for factor of suppression and thickness of
granite sample was obtained. The device for blasting under water was
created and patented.

Effectiveness of theoretical results were proved by coincidence of
results of author’s experiments and experiments of other scientists.
This allows to recommend such procedure of modelling of spreading
springy waves during blast works in laminated rocks for evaluation of
seismic effect of blasting.

Key words: modelling, explosive waves, laminated springy massifs,
reflection, seismic effect.

Caeiaoaa/
I?othe E.I.

(1)

(2)

,

;

(3)

(4)

(5)

?en.2. O?ainoi?ioaaiiy o?iioo oaea?ii? oaee? i?e aca?iiae?? c ieiueiith
a?aeie?aieaiiy i?oaeieo na?aaeiaeu ? aeaiiith iiaa?oiath

?en.3. Caeaaei?noue iaeneiaeueii? noeneoth/i? aeaoi?iaoe?? ?
aeaoi?iaoe?? ?icoyao a?ae a?aenoai? aei ai?oeaio?o aeaooo

?en.4. Oa?aeoa? ?iciiae?eo ai?eciioaeueii? oaeaeeino? aeey ??cieo aeeaei
caeeaaeaiiy ca?yae?a: 1-5i; 2-7i ? 3-9i

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