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Напружено-деформований стан та розрахунок залізобетонних елементів, що згинаються, з урахуванням передісторії завантаження: Автореф. дис… канд. техн

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Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea

AEUeOA???? AAAEUe AOIAAe

OAeE 624.042.3

IAI?OAEAII-AeAOI?IIAAIEE NOAI OA ?IC?AOOIIE CAE?CIAAOIIIEO AEAIAIO?A, UI
CAEIATHOUeNss, C O?AOOAAIIssI IA?AAe?NOI??? CAAAIOAAEAIIss

05.23.01 – aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? ? nii?oaee

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Iieoaaa – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iieoaanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Eeeiaiei ?aaai?e Aieiaeeie?iae/, Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea, aeioeaio eaoaae?e cae?ciaaoiiieo ?
eai’yieo eiino?oeoe?e.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Oiieoey Eaii?ae Ieeieaeiae/, Noinueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,
caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e (i. Noie);

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

?aaee?i Ieaenaiae? Aaneeueiae/, canooiiee aieiaiiai ?iaeaia?a CAO
“Iieoaaao?iiaoaoae” (i. Iieoaaa).

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Iaeanueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie (i. Iaeana).

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 22 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 13 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 25.01.02 a Iieoaanueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea ca
aae?anith: 314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo, 24.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Iieoaanueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea ca
aae?anith: 314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo, 24.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “____” o?aaiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Naiei I.A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Cia/ia ciaioaiiy ianya?a eai?oaeueiiai
aoae?aieoeoaa i?ecaaei aei oiai, ui e?eueeinoue eai?oaeueieo nii?oae,
ye? aaiaeyoueny a aenieoaoaoe?th ciaioeeany. Oiio aaeeeo oaaao ne?ae
caa?oaoe ia aacia/io aenieoaoaoe?th aaea ?nioth/eo aoae?aaeue ? nii?oae.
I?e oeueiio ii?aeueii oa o?ce/ii canoa??ea iaeaaeiaiiy i?aei?e?inoa
a?o/eciyii? i?iieneiaino? iio?aao? cai?ie. I?ae /an oaeeo i?ioean?a
iiaeeea? caaaioaaeaiiy, ui ia ia?aaeaa/ai? ?ic?aooieiaeie noaiaie
nii?oae, ? oei/aniaa aeiaaioaaeaiiy eiino?oeoe?e ??aiyie, ye? aeu? ca
aenieoaoaoe?ei?.

I?e no/anieo iaoiaeao i?iaeooaaiiy cae?ciaaoiiieo eiino?oeoe?e, ui
caeiathoueny, aeoiaey/e c oiia a?aie/ieo noai?a, ?aaeueiee ??aaiue
caaaioaaeaiiy i?ae /an aenieoaoaoe?? neeaaea? 40-70% a?ae ?oeioth/iai
coneeey. Iaoiaeeea i?iaeooaaiiy ia a?aoiao? ei?ioei/aniiai aeiaaeeiaiai
aeiaaioaaeaiiy oaeeo eiino?oeoe?e iaaaioaaeaiiyie aenieiai ??aiy
(80…95% a?ae ?oeioth/iai).

Ca?eueoaiiy ??aiy iaaaioaaeaiiy iiaeeea? oaeiae i?e aeayeeo
iaia?aaeaa/aieo aaa??eieo neooaoe?yo: iai?iaeoi? iaaaioaaeaiiy;
i?in?aeaiiy ooiaeaiaio?a oiane?aeie i?aeiyooy ??aiy a?oioiaeo aiae aai
?ioeo ci?i aaieia?/ieo oiia; ia?a?iciiae?e coneeue o ?aiieo
eiino?oeoe?yo ca ?aooiie ci?ie noaoe/ii? noaie aiane?aeie aeoiaeo c
eaaeo aai aaa??eiiai noaio ?ioeo aeaiaio?a ?aie; ia?aaaioaaeaiiy
aiane?aeie aaa??eiiai noaio eiino?oeoe?e; ci?ia oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino?
iaoa??ae?a i?e ciaioaii? ?iai/i? ieiu? aiane?aeie ei?ic?? aai ?ioeo
oaeoi??a.

Aeoiaey/e c oe??? iiceoe??, aeieeea iio?aaa aea/aiiy
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio oa ?iaioe cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui
caeiathoueny, ?c cae/aeiei a?ioaaiiyi, aeiaaioaaeaieo a?eueo aenieei
??aiai iaaaioaaeaiiy, oiaoi caeaaeii a?ae ia?aae?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy.

?iaioa i?enay/aia aea/aiith aenieoaoaoe?eiiai noaio eiino?oeoe?e aei ?
i?ney caaaioaaeaiiy. Aieiaia iaoa aeine?aeaeaiue – aea/aiiy
aeaoi?iaoeaiino?, i?iaei?a a oaeiae aei?noeino? oa ?? ?aca?a?a i?e
neeaaeieo ?aaeeiao iaaaioaaeaiiy.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/ia
aeine?aeaeaiiy iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aeaiaio?a, ui
caeiathoueny, ?c cae/aeiei a?ioaaiiyi c a?aooaaiiyi ia?aae?noi???
iaaaioaaeaiiy oa ?ic?iaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??aii? iaoiaeeee
?ic?aooieo aei?noeino? oeeo aeaiaio?a, a oaeiae c?o/iiai aeey
i?aeoe/iiai ei?enooaaiiy iaoiaeo aecia/aiiy i?iaei?a.

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aaeee ?c cae/aeiei iaeeie/iei a iicaeiaaeiueiio
iai?yieo a?ioaaiiyi, ye? caciathoue iao?eaaeiai aeiaaioaaeaiiy aenieiai
??aiy.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny: ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo ia AII ?c aeei?enoaiiyi iiaii?
ae?aa?aie ?iaioe aaoiio “-” cae?ciaaoiiieo aaeie, ui caeiathoueny, ?c
cae/aeiei a?ioaaiiyi c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aae?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa?:

– o anoaiiaeaii? o?eaaei? i?oeiino? aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, caeaaeii
a?ae ??aiy iiia?aaeiueiai aeiaaioaaeaiiy;

– o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo i?iaei?a oaeeo aeaiaio?a c
o?aooaaiiyi ??aiy iiia?aaeiueiai ei?ioei/aniiai aeiaaioaaeaiiy;

– o ?ic?iaoe? aeai?eoio oa i?ia?aie aeey aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ii?iaeueiiai ia?a??co aeaiaio?a, ui
caeiathoueny, c o?aooaaiiyi ??aiy ? ia?aae?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy oa
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae iaoa??ae?a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo aea? iiaeeea?noue
i?iaiicoaaoe iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny,
cie?aia ?o aei?noe?noue ? aeaoi?iaoeai?noue caeaaeii a?ae ia?aae?noi???
iaaaioaaeaiiy oa ??aiy aenieoaoaoe?eiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy. ?ic?iaeaia
iaoiaeeea aea? ciiao i?iaiaeeoe ?ic?aooiie aaee/eie i?iaeio ye ?c
aeei?enoaiiyi AII, oae ? aac iueiai.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iaaaaeai? o aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue io?eiai? caeiaoaa/ai naiino?eii.

?aae?caoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeei?enoai? i?e
ia?aa??i/ieo ?ic?aooieao iano/eo eiino?oeoe?e iie?eooy (aaeee)
iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iiai neeaaeo ae?iaie/i? aace I?aaeaiii-Oe?a?inueeiai
ae?iaie/i-oaoi?/iiai oi?aae?iiy ca`yceo a i. Iieoaa?.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeiiia?ae? iniiaieo iieiaeaiue
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoee i?iaaaeai? ia I?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Niaa?oainoaiaaiea no?ieoaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeia, oaoiieiaee e iaoiaeia ?an/aoa eiino?oeoeee a iiauo
yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo” /Noie, 1994 ?./, ia I?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ano?niaeiiiii? iaoa??aee, eiino?oeoe??,
aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee”, yea a?aeaoeany a Oe?a?inuee?e aea?aeaai?e
aeaaeai?? aiaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa /??aia, 1996 ?./, ia 47-?e, 48-?e
iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo i?ioani??a, aeeeaaea/?a, iaoeiaeo ni?a?ia?oiee?a,
ani??aio?a ? nooaeaio?a Iieoaanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea /Iieoaaa 1995, 1996 ??./.

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeeaaeaiee o 9
ae?oeiaaieo i?aoeyo.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
/ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, iniiaieo aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e oa
aeiaeaoe?a. ?iaioa i?noeoue 131 noi??ieo, aeeth/ath/e 103 noi??iee
iniiaiiai oaenoo, 11 noi??iie nieneo e?oa?aoo?e, 17 noi??iie aeiaeaoe?a,
32 ?enoiee oa 3 oaaeeoe?.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo
oa oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aaeie, ui
caeiathoueny, c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aae?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy, aeooaeuei?noue,
iaoeiaa iiaecia oa i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaiae?ciaaii noai ieoaiiy oai?aoe/ieo oa
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?iaioe aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, i?e
neeaaeieo ?aaeeiao iaaaioaaeaiiy aenieeo ??ai?a, a oaeiae ?nioth/eo
oai??e iiaco/ino?.

I?e ?ic?aooieo cae?ciaaoiiieo eiino?oeoe?e ca i?oei?noth, ia ii/aoeo
30-o ?ie?a A.O. Eieaeo, e ?io? cai?iiiioaaa cai?noue ?ic?aooieo ca
iai?oaeaiiyie, ui aeiioneathoueny, aaanoe ?ic?aooiie ca ?oeioth/eie
coneeeyie. A iiaeaeueoiio oey oai??y aoea ?icaeiooa I.I. Aaicae?aei,
A.A. Noiey?iaei, I.E. Ianoa?iaeii oa ?ioeie a/aieie.

I?iaaaeaii iaeyae ?icaeoeo ieoaiiy ?ic?aooieo ca ae?oaith a?oiith
a?aie/ieo noai?a, aea i?aeoaa?aeaeaii, ui aaeeea cia/aiiy ia? i?ioean
ooai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo o??uei. Ieoaiiyie o??ueiino?eeino? caeiaany
ss.A. Noiey?ia, yeee aecia/aa iiiaio o??ueiiooai?aiiy ca i?oaeiith
oai???th aaoiio. A 1940 ?. A.?. Io?aoiaei cai?iiiiiaaia caaaeueia oai??y
aei?noeino? oa o??ueiino?eeino? cae?ciaaoiio. A iiaeaeueoiio ieoaiiyie
aaeineiiaeaiiy e ni?iuaiiy ?ic?aooieo ca a?aie/ieie noaiaie ae?oai?
a?oie caeiaeeny I.I. Aaicae?a, A.Ae. Oe?ne?ae?, ss.I. Iaie?ianueeee,
A.A. Oaia??i, N.A. Aeieo???a, I.E. Ianoa?iae, A.?. Neaaeia,
I.N. Caeania, I.N. Iaoaethe, A.?. Aa?aee/aanueeee oa ?io?.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? oaeiae ?icaeyiooi aaea ?nioth/? oai??? iiaco/ino?
aaoiio oa cae?ciaaoiio:

– oai??y i?oaeii? niaaeeiaino?, iniiae yei? aoee caeeaaeai?
Aieueoeiaiii, Aieueoa?ii oa cia/ii ?icaeioo? a iiaeaeueoiio
A.E. Iaeiaenoa?ii, TH.I. ?aaioiiaei, A.?. ?aeai?oeeiei;

– oai??y noa??iiy ?ic?iaeaia a iniiaiiio ss.A. Noiey?iaei oa
Ae?o?iaa?ii;

– oai??y i?oaeii-iiaco/iai o?ea – ?? iniiaiiieiaeieee A.I. Ianeia,
I.O. A?oothiyi. Oe?eee ?yae caaea/ ia iniia? oai??? i?oaeii-iiaco/iai
o?ea ae??oeee A.I. Aiiaea?aiei, ?.?. I?ieiiiae/,
N.A. Aeaenaiae?ianueeee, I.O. ss?aiaiei, I.I. Aaicae?a.

I?iaiae?ciaai? ?iaioe A.ss. Aa?aoeeiaa, N.A. Aeaenaiae?ianueeiai,
A.I. Aaeeiaa, I.O. A?oothiyia, A.I. Iiea/ea, ?.I. Iiaioa?nueeiai i?e
iaaaioaaeaiiyo aenieeo ??ai?a, a oaeiae ci?iieo o /an?.

Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae noi?ioeueiaaii
iniiaio iaoo oa caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iiaeaii iien eiino?oeoe?e oa iaoa??ae?a aeine?aeieo
c?ace?a, iaoiaeeee ?o aeaioiaeaiiy ? i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, a oaeiae iaaaaeaia oa?aeoa?enoeea e noaia onoaiiaee aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy o?eaaeiai aenia?eiaioo.

Aeey aeeiiaiiy iinoaaeaii? caaea/? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee
aeinoia??iino? oai?aoe/ieo i?iiiceoe?e aoea aeaioiaeaia na??y
aeine?aeieo c?ace?a e?euee?noth 10 oo. An? aaeee iaee i?iaeoiee
iiia?a/iee ia?a??c 120180 ii. I?oei?noue aaoiio Rb,n=21,3IIa,
Rbt,n=1,84IIa, ii/aoeiaee iiaeoeue i?oaeiino? Ab=30,2103 IIa.

Iicaeiaaeiy a?iaoo?a aaeee aoea i?eeiyoa o aeaeyae? aeaio noa?aei?a
10 ii A-? (Rs,n=424MIa). Iiia?a/ia a?iaoo?a – aeaic??ci? oiiooe 6 ii A-?
c e?ieii 100 ii. Caoeniee oa? iicaeiaaeiuei? ?iai/i? a?iaoo?e neeaaeaa
20 ii. Noaia a?ioaaiiy aaeie iieacaia ia ?en.1.A?iaoo?i? ea?eane
aeaioiaeyeeny i?iieneiaei niiniaii ca aeiiiiiaith iai?aaaoiiaoe/iiai
caa?thaaiiy. Aeaioiaeaiiy aeine?aeieo c?ace?a i?iaiaeeeiny a
caaiaenueeeo oiiaao.

I?ae /an aeaioiaeaiiy aeine?aeieo c?ace?a aaoiioaaeeny aeaa’youe i?eci
?ici??ii 151560 ni oa aeaa’youe eoaee?a 151515 ni, ye? aeei?enoiaoaaeeny
aeey aecia/aiiy o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae aaoiio, iaiao?aeieo aeey
ia?aa??i/ieo ?ic?aooie?a aeine?aeieo c?ace?a ia an?o noaae?yo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue:

– ia?aae caaaioaaeaiiyi;

– ia?aae i?aeaeuaiiyi ??aiy;

– a iiiaio ?icaaioaaeaiiy.

Oaa?ae?iiy aaoiiio c?ace?a a?aeaoaaeiny a i?iia?thaaeueieo eaia?ao.

Aaeee caaaioaaeoaaeeny aeaiia cina?aaeaeaieie neeaie, ye? i?eeeaaeai? ia
iaeiaeia?e a?aenoai? a?ae na?aaeeie aaeee, oiaoi noai?thaaeany ciia
/enoiai caeio.

Aeey aecia/aiiy a?aeiinieo aeaoi?iaoe?e aaoiio oa a?iaoo?e ia ?o
iiaa?oith iaeeathaaeeny oaici?acenoi?e, ye? ?ici?uoaaeeny a na?aaei?e
/anoei? i?ieueioo, a cii? iaea?eueoiai caeiaeueiiai iiiaioo.

Aei ii/aoeo i?eeeaaeaiiy o?eaaeiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueiei
oeyoii aecia/aia iano/a caeaoi?noue aeine?aeieo aaeie (aaeee aeinyaee
a?eo 340-350 ae?a). Aeey oeueiai i?iaaaeaii aei?iaiaoaaiiy

aeaio aaeie – A-1 oa A-2, ye? aoee aeiaaaeai? aei ?oeioaaiiy. Coneeey
?oeioaaiiy FU, yeiio a?aeiia?aea? ?oeioth/ee iiiaio MU=aFU/2 (a-iea/a
neee), aoei i?eeiyoa ye na?aaei? c aeaio io?eiaieo: aaeea A-1
FU1=41,44eI, aaeea A2 FU2=41,83eI – ? neeaei FU=41,635eI.

Aei?iaiaoaaiiy ia ei?ioei/ania iaaaioaaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny ia oeo naieo
onoaiiaeao, ui ? ia o?eaaea iaaaioaaeaiiy. Aeey ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino?
aaeie, ye? iaeii/anii aei?iaiaothoueny, a onoaiiaee anoaiiaethaaeiny ii
aea? neiao?e/ii ?ici?uai? aaeee.

Iaaaioaaeaiiy an?o aaeie (A-3…A10) aei aenieoaoaoe?eiiai ??aiy
F(1)=0,6FU=24,98eI i?iaiaeeeiny iaeii/anii i?e 1=350 ae?a.

I?ney o?eaaeiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aenieoaoaoe?eiei ??aiai, eiee i?eieieany
??no aeaoi?iaoe?e aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e, a oaeiae i?iaei?a (2=1+38=388
ae?a), i?iaiaeeeiny aeiaaioaaeaiiy ie?aieo aaeie a?eueo aenieei ??aiai
F(2). ??aaiue aeiaaioaaeaiiy aecia/aany ye a?aeiioaiiy iiiaioo
caaaioaaeaiiy I(t) aei ?oeioth/iai iiiaioo IU

= I(t)/IU. (1)

Ine?eueee a eiaei?e onoaiiaoe? (anueiai 4 onoaiiaee) aoei anoaiiaeaii ii
aea? aaeee, oi aeiaaioaaeaiiy iaeiaeiaei ??aiai i?iaiaeeeiny a?ae?aco
aeaio aaeie, oaeei /eiii: A-3, A-4 aeiaaioaaeoaaeeny aei ??aiy =0,7;
A-5, A-6 aei ??aiy =0,8; A-7, A-8 aei ??aiy =0,9; ia aaeee A-9, A-10 –
??aaiue iaaaioaaeaiiy ia i?iyany ? aoa iino?eiei =0,6 i?ioyaii onueiai
aenia?eiaioo.

O?eaae?noue ia?aaoaaiiy aaeie i?ae iaaaioaaeaiiyi aenieiai ??aiy
aecia/aeany aeoiaey/e c aenia?eiaioaeueieo i??eoaaiue, a oaeiae
noaoenoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aaa??eieo ia?aaaioaaeaiue eiino?oeoe?e, /ano
?icaeoeo iacai?ioieo aeaoi?iaoe?e iiaco/ino? ? neeaaeaea 5 ae?a.

I?ney iao?eaaei? aeo?eiee (5 ae?a) i?ae iaaaioaaeaiiyi (3=2+5=393 aeiae)
i?iaiaeeeiny ?icaaioaaeaiiy an?o aaeie, ye? aoee aeiaaioaaeai?, aei
aenieoaoaoe?eiiai ??aiy (=0,6).

I?ioyaii 25 ae?a, i?ney ?icaaioaaeaiiy, ca an?ia aeine?aeieie aaeeaie
i?iaiaeeeenue niinoa?aaeaiiy ca aeaoi?iaoe?yie aaoiio, a?iaoo?e oa
i?iaeiaie.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?iaioe iaaaaeaii aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue cae?ciaaoiiieo aaeie. Iiaeaii iien ?o
?iaioe a?ae iiiaioo caaaioaaeaiiy aenieoaoaoe?eiei ??aiai ? aei
?oeioaaiiy a e?ioe? aenia?eiaioo. Ia iniia? io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
aeeiiaii ioe?ieo aieeao ia aei?noe?noue, aeaoi?iaoeai?noue oa i?oei?noue
cae?ciaaoiiieo aaeie aaee/eie ??aiy iao?eaaeiai aeiaaioaaeaiiy.

A aenia?eiaioaeueieo c?aceao i?ae /an ?o caaaioaaeaiiy aei
aenieoaoaoe?eiiai ??aiy i?e ??ai? caaaioaaeaiiy 0,35-0,45IU a?aeaoaaany
i?ioean o??ueiiooai?aiiy, oiio an? aaeee i?aoethaaee c ii?iaeueieie
o??ueiaie a ciiao iaeneiaeueieo caeiaeueieo iiiaio?a.

I?oei?noue aaeie i?ney o?eaaeiai aenia?eiaioo neeaea 87-91% a?ae
ii/aoeiai?, caeaaeii a?ae ??aiy aeiaaioaaeaiiy.

Ia ?en. 2,a iieacaii i?iaeie aaeie, ye? i?ioyaii onueiai aenia?eiaioo
aoee iaaaioaaeai? ??aiai 0,6IU. sse aeaeii c a?ao?ea, i?e oaeiio
iaaaioaaeaii? /a?ac 25-30 ae?a a?aeaoaa?oueny caoooaiiy ?inoo
aeaoi?iaoe?e.

I?e aeiaaioaaeaii? aaeie aei ??aiy 0,7IU (?en. 2,a) ia iao?eaaeee /an
i?iaei eiino?oeoe?? ae??n ia iacia/io aaee/eio 0,03-0,04 ii oa
aei??aithaaa 1,47-2,12 ii, ui neeaaea? 2,79% aeey aaeee A-3 ? 1,44% aeey
aaeee A-4 a?ae aaee/eie i?iaeio aei aeiaaioaaeaiiy, a?aeiia?aeii
1,43-2,09 ii. I?e oae?e iiaaae?ioe? aaeee iiaeia aiai?eoe, ui ?? ?iaioa
? aeecueeith aei i?oaeii?, oiaoi iai?oaei? neeaaeia? aeaoi?iaoe?e
noeniooi? ciie aaoiio iacia/i?. I?e oeueiio ia niinoa??aa?oueny
?ioaineaiiai c?inoaiiy i?iaei?a, a e?ea? i?iaei?a caeeoathoueny
ia?aeaeueieie. Iiaeia aiai?eoe, ui aeiaaioaaeaiiy aei ??aiy 0,7IU ia
aiineoue nooo?ai? ci?ie o aaee/eio i?iaeio aaeee.

Ia ?en. 2,a iieacai? e?ea? i?iaei?a aaeie A-5 oa A-6 i?e ?o iao?eaaeiio
aeiaaioaaeaii? aei ??aiy 0,8IU. sse aa/eii c a?ao?e?a, caeeoeia?
aeaoi?iaoe?? neeaee 0,13 ii aeey aaeee A-5 ? 0,15 ii aeey aaeee A-6, ui
a i?ioeaioiiio a?aeiioaii? aei aaee/eie i?iaei?a aei caaaioaaeaiiy
a?aeiia?aeii 8,8% oa 9,26%. Iath/e oae? ?acoeueoaoe, iiaeia ?iaeoe
aeniiaie, ui i?e oaeiio aeiaaioaaeaii? cia/io aeieth i?iaei?a
neeaaeathoue iacai?ioi? aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino?, ye? aeeeeeai? oeei
aeiaaioaaeaiiyi.

I?e ni?ia? aeiaaioaaeaiiy aei ??aiy 0,9IU (?en.2,a) a?aeaoeiny
?oeioaaiiy aeine?aeieo c?ace?a. ?oeioaaiiy aaeie a?aeaoeiny i?e
aeinyaiaii? ?iai/ith a?iaoo?ith a?aieoe? ieeiiino? c iiaeaeueoei
?oeioaaiiyi aaoiio noeniooi? ciie.

I?e ia?iaoe? aeaieo i?i aeaoi?iaoe?th ?iai/i? a?iaoo?e oa aaoiio
noeniooi? ciie io?eiai? ianooii? ?acoeueoaoe:

– i?e iino?eiiio ??ai? iaaaioaaeaiiy 0,6IU aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio noeniooi?
ciie ? ?iai/i? a?iaoo?e caoooathoue. Aeaoi?iaoe?? e?aeiuei? o?a?e aaoiio
aeinyaathoue 1,18-1,47*10-3, ye? ia ? a?aie/ieie aeey aaoiio noeniooi?
ciie aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny;

– i?e aeiaaioaaeaii? aei ??aiy 0,7IU caeeoeia? aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio
noeniooi? ciie c?inee ia 10%;

– i?ney aeiaaioaaeaiiy aei ??aiy 0,8IU caeeoeia? aeaoi?iaoe??
ca?eueoeeeny ia 29,6%.

I?iaeaia aea/aiiy iiaeeeaino? c?inoaiiy aeaoi?iaoe?e aaoiio noeniooi?
ciie oa i?iaei?a i?e o?eaaeino? aeo?eiee a?eueoa i?ae 5 ae?a ia
noaaeeany.

Oa?aeoa? aeaoi?ioaaiiy ?iai/i? a?iaoo?e i?e ??cieo ?aaeeiao
iaaaioaaeaiiy aiaeia?/iee aeaoi?iaoe?yi aaoiio noeniooi? ciie.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii caaaeuei? aeeeaaeee iniiaieo iieiaeaiue
?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo i?iaei?a cae?ciaaoiiieo aaeie ?c
cae/aeiei a?ioaaiiyi c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aae?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy.

I?e oeueiio i?eeiyo? oae? ia?aaeoiiae:

1. Aith?a iai?oaeaiue o noenioo?e cii? aaoiio a ia?a??c? c o??ueiith
i?eeia?oueny e?eaie?i?eiith, ? ?iaioa ?icoyaiooiai aaoiio iaae o??ueiith
ia a?aoiao?oueny.

2. Aeey iieno aith?e iai?oaeaiue o aaoii? noeniooi? ciie i?eeiyo?
ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy aaoiio “-” ca?aeii ?c ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie ?EA-O?I.

3. Ine?eueee a aaoii? noeniooi? ciie ?icaeaathoueny i?oaei? e ieanoe/i?
aeaoi?iaoe?? oa aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino?, caeaaei?noue i?ae iai?oaeaiiyie
a(t) ? iiaieie aeaoi?iaoe?yie aaoiio noeniooi? ciie a(t) i?eeia?oueny
ca?aeii c oai???th i?oaeii-iiaco/iai o?ea.

4. A ?icoyaioo?e cii? ?icaeaathoueny i?oaei? aeaoi?iaoe??, aeaoi?iaoe??
iiaco/ino? oa a?aeaoaa?oueny i?ioean o??ueiiooai?aiiy.

5. I?eeia?oueny a?iioaca ieineeo ia?a??c?a.

Aeey iieno iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio cae?ciaaoiiieo aaeie, ui
caeiathoueny, i?eeiyoa aeene?aoia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue iiia?a/iiai
ia?a??co. Caeaaeii a?ae ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ae?th/iai iiiaioo M(t) oa
iiiaioo

  

  

o??ueiiooai?aiiy Mcrc ia?ii aea? ?ic?aooieia? noaie ia?a??co: aac o??uei
(?en.3,a) ? c o??ueiaie (?en.3,a).

Aeey iieno i?ioeano nooi?i/anoi? ci?ie iaaaioaaeaiiy cai?iiiiiaaii
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ooieoe?th Oaa?naeaea, yea ia? aeaeyae

wmetafile8? ??a???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyy`??~?????&?
?MathType???????uJy*????

sseui a ia?a??c? ii?iaeuei? o??ueie ia ooai?ththoueny, oi i?eeia?oueny
?ic?aooieiaa noaia, cia?aaeaia ia ?en 3,a, ? iai?oaeaiiy a aaoii? b(t)
oa bt(t) aecia/athoueny c i?eeiyoi? ia?aaeoiiae i?oaeii? ?iaioe
iaoa??ae?a ca i?eaaaeaiei ia?a??cii.

Eiee ciai?oi?e iiiaio ia?aaeuo? iiiaio o??ueiiooai?aiiy, oiae? a
ia?a??c? ooai?ththoueny ii?iaeuei? o??ueie. Ca oaeeo oiia ?ic?aooieiaa
noaia aoaea iaoe aeaeyae, iieacaiee ia ?en. 3,a. Aith?a iai?oaeaiue o
aaoii? noeniooi? ciie i?e oeueiio e?eaie?i?eia. Aeey iieno oi?ie aith?e
iai?oaeaiue o aaoii? aeei?enoiao?oueny ae?ac, ?aeiiaiaeiaaiee ?EA-O?I:

wmetafile8? ??*???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????` 
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¤yyy`???????&??MathType??
???u?????????”????-?????Oe@????Oes???Oem???Oe???u
@th??????

aea =i/u – ??aaiue aeaoi?iaoe?e; i – iioi/ia aeaoi?iaoe?y;
u  eii?aeeiaoa aa?oeie ae?aa?aie; k – eiao?oe??io iae?i?eiino?.

Aeei?enoiaoth/e ??aiyiiy noaoe/ii? ??aiiaaae (noia an?o nee ia a?nue O
(4) oa noia iiiaio?a a?aeiinii oi/ee, yea eaaeeoue ia ??aiiae?th/?e
iicaeiaaeiuei? ?iai/i? a?iaoo?? (5)), ?oa?aoe?eiei iaoiaeii
iine?aeiaiiai iaaeeaeaiiy aecia/a?ii oi?io aith?e iai?oaeaiue, aenioo
X(t) ? coneeey a aaoii? noeniooi? ciie Nb(t):

wmetafile8? ??I???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy ??i?????&??MathType??
???u@th??????

wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????@
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¤yyya??ae?????&?
?MathType?????u?th??????

Oaeei /eiii ie io?eio?ii ?aaeueio aith?o iai?oaeaiue o aaoii? noeniooi?
ciie.

Ciath/e iai?oaeaiiy a aaoii? noeniooi? ciie oa o?eaae?noue eiai ae??,
aeei?enoiaoth/e oai??th i?oaeii-iiaco/iai o?ea, iiaeaii aecia/eoe iiai?
aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio a aoaeue-yeee iiiaio /ano ca aeiiiiiaith oi?ioee

b(t)=b,e+b,p(t), (6)

aea b(t) iiai? aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio a aoaeue-yeee iiiaio /ano t;

b,e aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio a iiiaio caaaioaaeaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi iai?oaeii?
?iaioe aaoiio;

b,p(t) aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino?, aeeeeeai? ii/aoeiaeie iai?oaeaiiyie.

Aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino? aecia/a?ii ca aeiiiiiaith oai??? iiaco/ino?
caeaaeii a?ae ae?th/iai iai?oaeaiiy ca aeiiiiiaith ae?aco

b,p(t)=F[b]C(t,), (7)

aea F[b] ooieoe?y iai?oaeaiue, i?eeiyoa o aeaeyae?

F[b]=0b+b2, (8)

aea 0 oa eiao?oe??ioe, ui aecia/athoueny aii??e/iei oeyoii;

b – iai?oaeaiiy a aaoii? noeniooi? ciie;

C(t,) i??a iiaco/ino?, iienaia ca aeiiiiiaith oai??? i?oaeii-iiaco/iai
o?ea. A neeaae C(t,) aoiaeyoue e?i?eia oa iae?i?eia neeaaeia?
a?aeiia?aeii wmetafile8? ??Oiae? iiai? aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio noeniooi?
ciie iiaeia aecia/eoe ca oi?ioeith

b(t)=b(t)/Eb+F[b]C(t,). (9)

I?eeiath/e aei oaaae i?eioeei iaeeaaeaiiy ae?e, e?eaecio a aoaeue-yeee
iiiaio /ano iiaeia aecia/eoe ca ianooiiith iaoiaeeeith.

E?eaecio i?e ae?? aenieoaoaoe?eiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy 1/ra, aecia/a?ii
ianooiiei ae?acii:

1/ra=1/re,u+1/re,pl+ 1/re,p , (10)

aea 1/ra,u i?oaeia neeaaeiaa e?eaecie;

1/re,pl neeaaeiaa e?eaecie c o?aooaaiiyi ieanoe/ieo aeanoeainoae aaoiio
oa oaeaeeiiaa?aath/i? iiaco/ino?, a ?ic?aooieo a?aoiao?oueny
eiao?oe??ioaie b1,  ;

1/re,p neeaaeiaa e?eaecie, ui aeeeeeaia aeaoi?iaoe??th iiaco/ino?
aaoiio noeniooi? ciie, i?e a?aenooiino? o??uei, a?aoiao?oueny
eiao?oe??ioaie b2.

O iiiaio aeiaaioaaeaiiy i?iiiio?oueny aecia/aoe iiaio e?eaecio ye noio
i?oaeii? neeaaeiai? e?eaecie aeiaaioaaeaiiy a?ae ae?? iaeneiaeueiiai
iiiaioo i?e aeiaaioaaeaii? ? neeaaeiaa e?eaecie: ieanoe/iino? oa
iiaco/ino? i?e aenieoaoaoe?eiiio ??ai? caaaioaaeaiiy

1/rdigr,0=1/rdigr,a+1/ra,pl+ 1/ra,p , (11)

aea 1/rdigr,0 e?eaecia aaeee a iiiaio aeiaaioaaeaiiy;

1/rdigr,e i?oaeia neeaaeiaa i?e iiiaio?, yeee aeeeeeaiee iaeneiaeueiei
caaaioaaeaiiyi.

O iiiaio aeiaaioaaeaiiy ?ioaineaii ?icaeaathoueny i?oaei? (cai?ioi?) ?
iai?oaei? (iacai?ioi?) aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino? aaoiio noeniooi? ciie,
ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae ??aiy aeiaaioaaeaiiy oa o?eaaeino? eiai ae??.

I?iiiio?oueny a?aoiaoaaoe oe? aeaoi?iaoe?? ie?aii aeey eiaeiiai ??aiy
iaaaioaaeaiiy, oiae? e?eaecia i?e aeiaaioaaeaii? a aoaeue-yeee iiiaio
/ano aoaea aei??aithaaoe:

1/rdigr=1/rdigr,0+ 1/rdigr(t), (12)

aea 1/rdigr(t) e?eaecia, aeeeeeaia aeaoi?iaoe??th iiaco/ino? aaoiio
noeniooi? ciie i?e aeiaaioaaeaii?.

Ia ae?eyieao, aea ii?iaeuei? o??ueie ia ooai?ththoueny, e?eaecio
aecia/a?ii ca a?aeiiith iaoiaeeeith:

wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`A???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy??? ?????&??MathType??0
???u?????????”????-??????@?????@????‘???????u?th
??????

aea b1, b2 eiao?oe??ioe, ui i?eeiathoueny c ii?iaoeaii? e?oa?aoo?e.

Ia ae?eyieao, aea a?aeaoaa?oueny o??ueiiooai?aiiy, e?eaecia
aecia/a?oueny c o?aooaaiiyi o??uei

wmetafile8? ??’???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
? ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy«yyy`??«?????&??MathType??@
???u?????????”????-?????@????@???‘???g???
? ???‹???§???h???Z???G???u?th??????

aea bp(t) aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino? aaoiio noeniooi? ciie, ui aeeeeeai?
ae?th/eie iai?oaeaiiyie.

Ae?oaee aeiaeaiie i?aai? /anoeie ??aiyiiy (14) a?aoiao? aieea
aeaoi?iaoe?e iiaco/ino? aaoiio noeniooi? ciie ia aaee/eio e?eaecie.

Ciath/e aaee/eio e?eaecie a aoaeue-yeee iiiaio /ano t, i?iaei aeaiaio?a,
ui caeiathoueny, aecia/a?ii oeyoii ia?aiiiaeaiiy aith? caeiaeueieo
iiiaio?a iiaoaeiaaieo a?ae iaeeie/ii? neee, i?eeeaaeaii? a iai?yi?
ooeaiiai ia?ai?uaiiy aeaiaioa ? aith?e e?eaecie, ca oi?ioeith

wmetafile8? ??O???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
``???&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/2yyy ???????&??MathType??
???u?????????”????-?????«ae???«????FY
???FY???u?th??????

I?iaaaeaia noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea ii??aiyiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa
oai?aoe/ieo aeaieo iieacaea caaeia?eueio ca?aei?noue. Cia/aiiy
eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? a iaaeao 12,6-26,7%.

CAAAEUeI? AENIIAEE

I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iaioe
cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, i?e iao?eaaeiio
aeiaaioaaeaii? aei a?eueo aenieiai ??aiy. A ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue c?iaeai? ianooii? aeniiaee:

1. I?e o?eaaeiio iaaaioaaeaii? aenieoaoaoe?eiei ??aiai caeeoeiaa
i?oei?noue cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, neeaea 90% a?ae
ii/aoeiai? i?oeiino?. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, aeiaaioaaeaiiy aei ??aiy
0,9MU i?ney o?eaaei? aenieoaoaoe?? ia aeiionea?oueny.

2. Ei?ioei/ania (5 ae?a) aeiaaioaaeaiiy cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui
caeiathoueny, i?eaiaeeoue aei iiyae aeiaeaoeiaeo i?oaeieo ? ieanoe/ieo
aeaoi?iaoe?e aaoiio. I?e ??ai? aeiaaioaaeaiiy 0,7MU aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio
oa a?iaoo?e iacia/i? (caaaeueiee i?iaei aeaiaioa ca?eueoo?oueny aei 2%).
A i?aeoe/ieo ?ic?aooieao ieie iiaeia ciaoooaaoe. I?e aeiaaioaaeaii?
eiino?oeoe?e aei ??aiy 0,8MU aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio e a?iaoo?e, a oaeiae
i?iaeie aeaiaio?a nooo?a? (ca?eueoaiiy i?iaei?a aeinyaathoue 10%), oiio
?o iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe a ?ic?aooieo.

3. Aeiaeaoeia? aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoiio oa a?iaoo?e i?e ei?ioei/aniiio
aeiaaioaaeaii? aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, ne?ae aecia/aoe ia iniia?
oai??? i?oaeii-iiaco/iai o?ea c o?aooaaiiyi oaeoe/iiai
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

4. ?ic?iaeaiee iaoiae aecia/aiiy i?iaei?a cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, yeee
aaco?oueny ia iaoiaeeoe? ii?i, aea? iiaeeea?noue i?iaiicoaaoe
aeaoi?iaoeai?noue eiino?oeoe?e c ieeiii /ano caeaaeii a?ae ia?aae?noi???
caaaioaaeaiiy ? aea? oi?ioo ca?aei?noue aeine?aeieo oa oai?aoe/ieo
cia/aiue i?iaei?a.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

1. Aeueoa?e?e A. Yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey ecaeaaaiuo
aeaeaciaaoiiiuo yeaiaioia i?e neiaeiuo ?aaeeiao iaa?oaeaiey// Ca??iee
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue (aaeocaaa iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai)/Iieo.
aea?ae. oaoi oi-o ?i. TH??y Eiiae?aothea.- Iieoaaa: IAeOO ?i. TH??y
Eiiae?aothea, 1998. Aei. 2. N. 69-73.

2. Eeeiaiei ?.A., Oi?ioaeue I.ss., Aeueoa???? A. ?iaioa aaoiio noeniooi?
ciie cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, i?e neeaaeieo ?aaeeiao
iaaaioaaeaiiy// Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue (aaeocaaa iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy,
aoae?aieoeoai)/Iieo. aea?ae. oaoi oi-o ?i. TH??y Eiiae?aothea.- Iieoaaa:
IAeOO ?i. TH??y Eiiae?aothea, 1998. Aei. 3. N. 108113.

3. Aeueoa?e?e A.A. Aeaoi?iaoeaiinoue ecaeaaaiuo aeaeaciaaoiiiuo
yeaiaioia i?e aeia?oaeaiee aunieei o?iaiai// Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia/
Aeiiaanneee ai?ii-iaoaeeo?ae/aneee ei-o. Ae/aane: AeAIE, 1999. Aui. 9.-
N. 177-181.

4. Aeueoa?e?e A.A. Iiaeaee?iaaiea iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai
ninoiyiey ecaeaaaiuo yeaiaioia n o/aoii i?aaeunoi?ee iaa?oaeaiey//
Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.-Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO, 1999.- Aei. 6.
N.17-21.

5. Aeueoa?e?e A. Iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiey yenia?eiaioia e aeanoeinoue
ecaeaaaiuo aeaeaciaaoiiiuo yeaiaioia a caaeneiinoe io enoi?ee
iaa?oaeaiey// Noaeacae?ciaaoiii? eiino?oeoe??: aeine?aeaeaiiy,
i?iaeooaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai, aenieoaoaoe?y: Ca. iaoe. no. E?eaee ??a:
E?eai??cueeee oaoi. oio, 1998. N. 11-13.

6. Eeeiaiei ?.A., Oi?ioaeue I.ss., Aeueoa???? A.
Iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, a caeaaeiino?
a?ae ?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy// Iaoa??aee i?aeia?. iaoe.-oaoi. eiio.
“?ano?niaeiiiii? iaoa??aee, eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee”.- ??aia:
Oe?. aea?. aeaae. aiaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa, 1996. *. 1.- N. 91.

7. Aeueoa?e?e A., Eeeiaiei A.A. ?aaioa ecaeaaaiuo aeaeaciaaoiiiuo
eiino?oeoeee iinea aicaeaenoaey oneeee aunieiai o?iaiy// Iaoa?eaeu
Iaaeaeoia?. iao/.-i?aeo. eiio. “Niaa?oainoaiaaiea no?ieoaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeia, oaoiieiaee e iaoiaeia ?an/aoa eiino?oeoeee a iiauo
yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo”.- Noiu: EII “I?ey” EOAe, 1994. N. 144.

8. Eeeiaiei ?.A., Aeueoa???? A. Iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy oai???
iiaco/ino? aeey iienaiiy ?iaioe aeaiaio?a c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aae?noi???
caaaioaaeaiiy// Oace aeii. 47 iaoe. eiio. i?io., aeee., iaoe.
i?aoe?aiee?a, ani. oa nooae. oi-oo/ Iieo. oaoi. oi-o.- Iieoaaa, 1995.-
*. 3.- N. 12-13.

9. Eeeiaiei ?.A., Aeueoa???? A. I?i aecia/aiiy aeaoi?iaoe?e iiaco/ino?
i?e ?aaeeiieo iaaaioaaeaiiyo// Oace aeii. 48 iaoe. eiio. i?io., aeee.,
iaoe. i?aoe?aiee?a, ani. oa nooae. oi-oo/ Iieo. oaoi. oi-o.- Iieoaaa,
1996.- *. 3.- N. 24.

AIIOAOe??

Aeueoa???? A.A. Iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai oa ?ic?aooiie
cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aae?noi???
caaaioaaeaiiy. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.01- aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee.- Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y
Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1999.

O ?iaio? aeeeaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, ui caeiathoueny, ?c cae/aeiei a?ioaaiiyi
caeaaeii a?ae ia?aae?noi??? iaaaioaaeaiiy. ?acoeueoaoii aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe ? iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo i?iaei?a oeeo aeaiaio?a i?e iao?eaaeiio
aeiaaioaaeaii? ??aiai, aeuei a?ae aenieoaoaoe?eiiai. ?ic?aooiie
aaco?oueny ia aaea ?nioth/?e iaoiaeeoe? aecia/aiiy i?iaei?a. O
?ic?aooieo aeei?enoiao?oueny iiaia ae?aa?aia ?iaioe aaoiio ia noene
(e?eaie?i?eia aith?a iai?oaeaiue) oa aeene?aoia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue
aaeee. Aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino? a?aoiaothoueny ca aeiiiiiaith oai???
i?oaeii-iiaco/iai o?ea.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aeaoi?iaoeai?noue, i?iaei, ia?aae?noi??y caaaioaaeaiiy,
aeaoi?iaoe?? iiaco/ino?, ae?aa?aia aeaoi?ioaaiiy, oai??y iiaco/ino?,
aith?a e?eaecie.

Aeueoa?e?e A.A. Iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiia ninoiyiea e ?an/ao
aeaeaciaaoiiiuo ecaeaaaiuo yeaiaioia n o/aoii i?aaeunoi?ee
caa?oaeaiey. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.01- no?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, caeaiey e
nii?oaeaiey. – Iieoaaneee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
TH?ey Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1999.

A ?aaioa eceiaeaiu yenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey
aeaeaciaaoiiiuo ecaeaaaiuo yeaiaioia n iau/iui a?ie?iaaieai a
caaeneiinoe io i?aaeunoi?ee iaa?oaeaiey. I?ia?aiiie yenia?eiaioa
i?aaeoniio?aii eco/aiea IAeN ii?iaeueiiai na/aiey ecaeaaaiuo yeaiaioia
iinea iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiie auaea?aeee iiae iaa?oaeaieai aieaa aunieiai
o?iaiy, /ai yenieoaoaoeeiiiue, e aeeyiea yoiai aeia?oaeaiey ia
aeaoi?iaoeaiinoue ecaeaaaiuo yeaiaioia. Iaoiaeeea caa?oaeaiey i?eiyoa
oaeei ia?acii, /oi a na?aaeeia i?ieaoa nicaeaaaeanue ciia /enoiai
ecaeaa, yoi iicaieeei aieaa oi/ii eco/eoue ?aaioo ii?iaeueiiai na/aiey
i?e aeaenoaee oieueei ecaeaathuaai iiiaioa. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
auaea?aeee iiae iaa?oaeaieai aunieiai o?iaiy ii?aaeaeyeanue enoiaey ec
ia?aaioee noaoenoe/aneeo aeaiiuo. ?acoeueoaoaie i?iaaaeaiiuo
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee yaeythony a?aoeee e aeeaa?aiiu ?aaiou
aaoiia naeaoie ciiu, i?iaeieueiie ?aai/ae a?iaoo?u e i?iaeau, eioi?ua
iieo/aiu iinea ia?aaioee yenia?eiaioaeueiuo aeaiiuo. I?aaeiinueee,
i?eiyoua a oai?aoe/aneie /anoe ?aaiou (yith?a iai?yaeaiee a naeaoie ciia
aaoiia a na/aiee n o?aueiie i?eieiaaony e?eaieeiaeiie, e ?aaioa
?anoyiooiai aaoiia iaae o?aueiie ia o/eouaaaony; aeey iienaiey yith?u
iai?yaeaiee a aaoiia naeaoie ciiu i?eieiaai aeeaa?aiiu aeaoi?ie?iaaiey
aaoiia “-” niaeanii ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyi AEA-OEI; caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo
iai?yaeaieyie a(t) e iieiuie aeaoi?iaoeeyie aaoiia naeaoie ciiu a(t)
i?eieiaaony niaeanii oai?ee oi?oai-iieco/aai oaea; i?eieiaai aeiioaco
ieineeo na/aiee), iicaieeee nicaeaoue iaoiaeeeo ?an/aoa i?iaeaia
yeaiaioia, eioi?ay eniieuecoao noaio iiia?a/iiai na/aiey, iaeneiaeueii
i?eaeeaeaiioth e ?aaeueiie ?aaioa na/aiey. A ?aaioa i?eiaiyaony
aeene?aoiay iiaeaeue aaeee, eioi?ay i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?acaeaeaiea
aaeee ii aeeeia ia o/anoee, ia i?ioyaeaiee eioi?uo i?eiyou iinoiyiiua
aioo?aiiea oneeey e aaee/eia e?eaeciu, cia/aiey eioi?uo ?aaiu oneeeyi a
na?aaeeia o/anoea. A caaeneiinoe io niioiioaiey aaee/eiu aeaenoaothuaai
iiiaioa a o/anoea e iiiaioa o?aueiiia?aciaaiey i?eieiaaony
niioaaonoaothuay ?an/aoiay noaia iiia?a/iiai na/aiey: n o?aueiie e aac
o?aueiu. Ia iniiaaiee yoie iiaeaee ninoaaeaia i?ia?aiia aeey IYAI
ii?aaeaeaiey ia?aiao?ia IAeN e i?iaeaa.

Aaee/eia i?iaeaa ii?aaeaeyaony ia?aiiiaeaieai yith?u e?eaeciu ia yith?o
iiiaioa io aeaenoaey aaeeie/iie neeu, i?eeiaeaiiie ii iai?aaeaieth
eneiiiai ia?aiauaiey. Ia?aiiiaeaiea i?iecaiaeeony ii i?aaeeo Aa?auaaeia.
A ?aaioa oaeaea i?aaenoaaeai eiaeaia?iue iaoiae ?an/aoa i?iaeaa, eioi?ue
iniiauaaaony ia iaoiaeeea ii?i e o/eouaaao aeaenoaea
iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai aeia?oaeaiey, ia aaee/eio i?iaeaa, eniieuecoy
oai?eth oi?oai-iieco/aai oaea. I?eiyoay oai?ey iieco/anoe iicaieyao
o/eouaaoue iieiua aeaoi?iaoeee (ia?aoeiua, iaia?aoeiua e /anoe/ii
ia?aoeiua) n i?eiaiaieai i?eioeeia iaeiaeaiey. Nooue iaoiaea
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi e nouanoaothuae aaee/eia e?eaeciu (ii?aaeaeyaiie
ii ii?iai) i?eaaaeyaony e?eaecia yeaiaioa, aucaaiiay iieco/anoueth
aaoiia i?e aeia?oaeaiee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aeaoi?iaoeaiinoue, i?iaea, i?aaeunoi?ey iaa?oaeaiey,
aeaoi?iaoeee iieco/anoe, aeeaa?aiia aeaoi?ie?iaaiey, oai?ey iieco/anoe,
yith?a e?eaeciu.

Alhariri W.A. Stressed- Deformed State and Calculation of Reinforced
Concrete Members in Bending Taking into Account Load Pre-history-
manuscript.

A scientific thesis for masters of Technical Sciences Degree on
speciality 05.23.01- building structures, buildings and constructions.-
Poltava State Technical University named in honour Yuri Kondratyur,
Poltava, 1999.

Experimental-theoretical investigations of reinforced concrete members
in bending with an ordinary reinforcing, depending on pre-history load
are stated in The work. The thesis work result is calculation method of
these member sags under short additional load which is higher than the
operational one. The calculation is based on already existing sags
determination method The complete diagram of concrete work in
compression (curvilinear stress epure) and desecrate mathematics beam
model is used in the course of calculation. Creep deformations are taken
into account with the help of the theory elastic-creep body.

Key-words: deformation, sag, pre-history load, creep deformation, creep
theory, flexure epure.

_______________

(I?aeien aaoi?a)

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