.

Наукове обгрунтування захисту соняшнику від некротрофних патогенів на сході Лісостепу України: Автореф. дис… д-ра с.-г. наук / В.П. Петренкова, Нац.

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Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao

Iao?aieiaa A??a Iaae?aia

OAeE 633.854.78:632.4

Iaoeiaa iaa?oiooaaiiy caoenoo

niiyoieeo a?ae iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a

ia noiae? E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie

06.01.11 – o?oiiaoieia?y

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe??? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? ?ineeiieoeoaa ?i.A.ss.TH?’?aa OAAI.

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio: aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aeaaeai?e
OAAI, caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie E?NIAEE IEOAEEI
IAAEIAE*, ?inoeooo caoenoo ?ineei OAAI, aee?aeoi?,
caa?aeoth/ee eaai?aoi???th ?ioi?oaoo n?euenueei- ainiiaea?nueeeo
?ineei aei oai?ia

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aeaaeai?e OAAI Ia?aneie?i Aieiaeeie?
Oaaei?iae/, Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, i?ioani? eaoaae?e
o?oiiaoieia??;

aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani? *e/eiaaeca AEeoea?
Ai??aiiae/, ?inoeooo aeiia?aaeo ? aeia “Iaaa?a/” OAAI, caa?aeoth/ee
a?aeae?eii caoenoo ?ineei;

aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, aeioeaio Oaa/oe Aaeaioeia
Einoyioei?aia, Eai’yiaoeue – Iiae?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee
oi?aa?neoao, aeioeaio eaoaae?e a?ieia??;

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aea?aeaaia aa?iaeieia?/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie,
I?i?noa?noai aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno Oe?a?ie, i. AEeoiie?

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 23 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?. i 10-00 aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ci-aaii? o/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.004.02 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 252041, Ee?a-41, aoe.Aa?i?a
Iai?iie, 15, ei?ion 3, aoaeeoi??y 65.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 252041, Ee?a-41, aoe.Aa?i?a Iai?iie
11, ei?ion 10.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 21 ” aa?aciy 1999 ?.

O/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? o/aii? ?aaee
Iaiaeaeoe A.?.1

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ia iieyo 15 iaeanoae Oe?a?ie, a oiio /ene? ?
aaoiiiiii? ?anioae?ee E?ei, ae?iuo?oueny niiyoiee. Iiiaae 70% iin?aii?
ieiu? eoeueoo?e ?ici?uo?oueny a cii? Noaio, a a?ey 30% – a E?ninoaiia?e
/anoei?. Oai?iae – iaeei ?c iniiaieo no?eioth/eo oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa
niiyoieeo a Oe?a?i?. Caoaeieeaie oai?ia ooo ? a?eae, aaeoa???, a??one,
i?eiieacie ? ia?aceoa?i? ?ineeie (A.O. Ia?anuieei, 1981). Aea iaea?eueo
iioe?aio a?oio oai?ia noaiiaeyoue a?eae, yeeo ca?a?no?iaaii ia niiyoieeo
65 aeae?a (A.A. Aiauaiei, 1982). Cia/ii? oeiaee no/aniei ni?oai ?
a?a?eaeai caaaeathoue oaeoeueoaoeai? ia?aceoe iae?io?ioiiai oeio
aeeaeaiiy – caoaeieee a?ei? aiee?, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno. Ao?aoe
o?iaeath a?ae ieo nyaathoue a ie?ai? ?iee aei 50…70%, a ye?noue
i?iaeoeoe?? ??cei iia??oo?oueny (A.A. Oa?auaiei, 1983; A.I. Aeieaiaa,
1986; A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.I. Aeieaiaa, 1996). E??i oeueiai, a a?oio?
iaeiie/othoueny aeaea?aea ?ioaeoe??, ye? o?aaeothoue iine?aeoth/? iin?ae
eoeueoo?e (A.I. Iao?aieiaa, 1994; 1997).

A?o/eciyiee ? na?oiaee aeina?ae iieacothoue, ui ia no/aniiio aoai?
aaaeaiiy n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa iniiaith caoenoo ?ineei ? no?ee? aei
oai?ia ni?oe, oae ye naeaeoe?y ia no?ee?noue – iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiee ?
aeiiii?/ii aea?aeiee iai?yiie. Aeei?enoaiiy no?eeeo aei oe?aeeeaeo
i?aai?ci?a ni?o?a caaacia/eoue io?eiaiiy iaeneioio ye?nii? ? a?eueii?
a?ae caa?oaeiaiiy i?iaeoeoe??. Aea aeey aeinyaiaiiy ?acoeueoaoo ne?ae
ni?yioaaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ia aea/aiiy oai?aoe/ieo iniia no?eeino?
niiyoieeo aei iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a, noai?aiiy aeo?aeiiai iaoa??aeo
aeey naeaeoe?? eoeueoo?e c i?aeaeuaiith no?ee?noth aei ieo oa
ai?iaaaeeoe aeaea?aea no?eeino? a naeaeoe?eio i?aeoeeo. I??i?eoaoi?noue
? aeooaeuei?noue aeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue iathoue aaeeea cia/aiiy ? ia
oaia??oi?e /an. ?o ae??oaiiy oa ocaaaeueiaiiy ?ice?eoi a aeena?oaoe?ei?e
?iaio?.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa aeeiiaia
a ?inoeooo? ?ineeiieoeoaa ?i. A.ss. TH?’?aa i?ioyaii 1981…1997 ??.
ca?aeii c i?iaeoaie aea?aeaaieo iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo i?ia?ai, i??i?eoaoi?
iai?yiee yeeo aoee a?aeoai?ai? caaaeaiiyie oaiaoe/ieo ieai?a ?inoeoooo ?
iaee oae? iacae ? iiia?e aea?aeaaii? ?a?no?aoe??:

i?iaanoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaeoe i?aai?caoe?eii-ainiiaea?nuee?,
aa?ioaoi?/i?, o?i?/i?, a?ieia?/i? caoiaee ? caniae caoenoo niiyoieeo
a?ae neea?ioei?ico ? n??i? aiee?, aeaoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ae?iaieoeoao (?
01.82.7004293);

?ic?iaeoe iia? iaoiaee ioe?iee ? a?aeai?o ?ineei niiyoieeo, no?eeeo
aei neea?ioei?ico ? n??i? aiee? ia ??cieo aoaiao iioiaaiaco. Noai?eoe
aeo?aeiee iaoa??ae c aenieith iieueiaith no?ee?noth aei aieeae aeey
aeei?enoaiiy a naeaeoe?ei?e i?aeoeoe? (? 01.87.0003595);

aea/eoe na?oiaee aaiioiiae eieaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo ? naeaeoe?ei?
iiia?e niiyoieeo aeey aeyaeaiiy aeaea?ae no?eeino? aei iniiaieo aeey
?a??iio oai?ia ? oe?aeiee?a (? UA01003577?);

?ic?iaeoe oai?aoe/i? iniiae naeaeoe?? niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei
iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a, noai?eoe a?a?eaee c a?oiiaith no?ee?noth aei
iniiaieo oai?ia (? UA01003590?);

oi?ioaaiiy oa aaaeaiiy Iaoe?iiaeueiiai aaieo aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a
?ineei Oe?a?ie (? 0197U012408);

?ic?iaea oaoiieia?? oa noai?aiiy aenieiye?nieo a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo c
a?oiiaith no?ee?noth aei oai?ia (? 0197U012413).

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiaia iaoa ?iaioe – i?aeaeuaiiy
no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a neea?ioei?ico, n??i? aiee?,
oiiiineno.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe ia?aaeaa/aeinue:

– aea/eoe aca?iia?aeiineie a nenoai? “iaoiaai–ainiiaea?–na?aaeiaeua” oa
aeyaeoe /eiieee , ui ni?eythoue iioe?aiith oai?ia;

– aeyaeoe aeaea?aea ?ioaeoe?? iiioeyoe?e iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a a
?aa?ii? oa aea/eoe ?o e?euee?niee ? ye?niee neeaae;

– ?ic?iaeoe aeni?an-iaoiaee ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei
neea?ioei?ico, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei;

– oaeineiiaeeoe iaoiaee noai?aiiy ?ioaeoe?eieo oii?a a iieueiaeo oiiaao
aeey aecia/aiiy no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? aiee?, n??i?
aiee? ia iine?aeiaieo aoaiao iioiaaiaco ?ineei;

– aecia/eoe ?ieue ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio i?e aeiai?? no?eeeo aei iaoiaai?a
oi?i niiyoieeo;

– aea/eoe aaiaoe/io oe?ii?noue aeae?eaieo ca no?ee?noth naiicaieeaieo
e?i?e niiyoieeo;

– ai?iaaaeeoe a naeaeoe?eio i?ia?aio noai?aiee aeo?aeiee iaoa??ae c
aenieith no?ee?noth aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? aiee?, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno;

– aea/eoe aoaeoeai?noue oa oaoiieia?th canoinoaaiiy o?i?/ieo i?aia?ao?a
a caoeno? eoeueoo?e a?ae ian?ii?ai? ?ioaeoe?? oa a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aia?oa a oiiaao no?aeii?
/anoeie E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie aea/ai? iniaeeaino? aca?iiae?? a nenoai?
“ainiiaea?-iaoiaai-na?aaeiaeua” ? aeyaeai? /eiieee iioe?aiino?
iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a ia niiyoieeo. Iniiaieie c ieo ? iaaei??i? iiaaee
a ia??iae “ooai?aiiy eioeea … ii/aoie oea?o?iiy”, o?eaaeee
aaaaoaoe?eiee ia??iae ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a, aaeeea ieiua ?o eenoiai?
iiaa?oi? oa aenioa ?ineei. Cai?iiiiiaaia iiaeaeue iioeiaeueiiai aaiioeio
niiyoieeo, ui iaoiiaeth? cieaeaiiy o?oinai?oa?ii? iai?oaeaiino? ia
iin?aao eoeueoo?e.

Aecia/aiee aieea aaia?ao?/ii? ciie ia aeaeiaee neeaae iaoiaai?a a
ian?ii? niiyoieeo, aeyaeai? ?eceeia? ciie ?iciianthaeaeaiiy caoaeiee?a
oai?ia /a?ac ian?iiy a ?io? ?aa?iie.

O caoaeiee?a oai?ia niiyoieeo iae?io?ioiiai oeio aeeaeaiiy niinoa??aaany
i?oeae?aeueii-ae??aeaeaeiiiae?aiee aeeii?o?ci ?icaeoeo. ?ic?iaeaii
niin?a aeyaeaiiy i?eoiaaii? oi?ie iaoiaai?a, yeee iieyaa? a i?aeaeuaii?
?o oa?iaioaoeaii? aeoeaiino?, aeiaaaeaia iaiao?aei?noue a?aooaaiiy
i?eoiaaii? oi?ie ?icaeoeo iaoiaai?a a iin?aieo ia?o?yo ian?iiy niiyoieeo
i?e caoeno? eoeueoo?e a?ae ian?ii?ai? ?ioaeoe??.

?ic?iaeaii niin?a ioe?iee niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei, ui
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ca?aaeaiiyi ei?ai?a ? a?iieioeey i?i?inoe?a
aiiiaaiaoii i?oeae?th aecia/aieie ca ye?noth ooaiaie a?ea?a. Noai?ai?
naiicaieeai? e?i??, ye? a ? 2, ?4 iani?eeiyoeea? aei iaoiaai?a a oac?
i?i?inoaiiy.

?ic?iaeaii niin?a ioe?iee niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeieea
oiiiineno a oiiaao oaieeoe?, caaaeyee yeiio aeae?eai? no?ee? naeaeoe?ei?
iiia?e. Iaoiae ia?aaeaa/a? ca?aaeaiiy ?ineei i?oeae??i a?eaa a
iioeiaeuei? aeey aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? ca no?ee?noth oaco ?icaeoeo ?ineei,
i?noea ?iieoeyoe?? ? oiiae ?ieoaaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo.

Oaeineiiaeaii iaoiaee noai?aiiy ?ioaeoe?eieo oii?a a iieueiaeo oiiaao
aeey ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oa
Botrytis cinerea ia iine?aeiaieo aoaiao iioiaaiaco ?ineei. Aia?oa
iaea?aeai? naiicaieeai? e?i?? niiyoieeo, no?ee? aei o?aaeaiiy noaaae ?
eioee?a caoaeieeaie iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a ? aea/aia ?o
naeaeoe?eii-aaiaoe/ia oe?ii?noue.

Aeei?enoaiiy noeoiiino? ?acoeueoao?a oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue caaacia/o?
ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei?
? n??i? aieeae, oiiiineno.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Noai?aiiy ni?o?a ?
a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo ca aecia/aiith iiaeaeeth (aaaaoaoe?eiee ia??iae aei
90 aei?a, ieiua eenoiai? iiaa?oi? aei 65 aei2, aenioa ?ineei 111,3 …
167 ni) iioei?co? o?oicai?oa?iee noai iin?a?a eoeueoo?e. O?aaeai?noue
?ineei caoaeieeii a?ei? aiee?, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno a 2 … 3 ?ace
ieae/a ??aiy o?aaeaiino? aaiioei?a c a?eueoeie ia?aiao?aie, ui ciaioo?
iaeiie/aiiy aeaea?ae ?ioaeoe?? oeeo iaoiaai?a a a?oio?.

Canoinoaaiiy niiniao aecia/aiiy ca?aaeaiino? ian?iiy iaoiaaiaie ni?ey?
?ioaineo?eaoe?? naeaeoe?? niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei iae?io?ioieo
iaoiaai?a ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei, a ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiai a
ae?iaie/eo oiiaao aeiiiiiaa? aeyaeoe iin?ai? ia?o?? c aenieei nooiaiai
ca?aaeaiino? i?eoiaaiith oi?iith ?icaeoeo oeeo caoaeiee?a ? ?ic?iaeoe
caoiaee cieaeaiiy ?o oeiaei/eiii? ae?? oeyoii ciaca?aaeoaaiiy ian?iiy
o?i?/ieie i?aia?aoaie. Oea aeicaiey? i?aeaeueoe iieueiao noiae?noue
iin?aieo ia?o?e c aenieei (iiiaae 70%) nooiaiai ca?aaeaiino? iaoiaaiaie
ia 11,3…17,8% ? ca?eueoeoe ?o o?iaeaei?noue, a na?aaeiueiio ia
4,5oe/aa.

Noai?aia ?iai/a eieaeoe?y 153 naiicaieeaieo e?i?e niiyoieeo, c yeeo 14
no?ee? aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oa Botrytis cinerea, c ieo 5
a?aeiiaieee oa?oeeueiino?, 6 – cae??iethaa/? noa?eeueiino? oa 3 –
iooaioiiai iioiaeaeaiiy. Aeyaeai? no?ee? c?acee ? noai?ai? 9
naiicaieeaieo e?i?e, no?eeeo aei caoaeieea oiiiineno. An? aiie ia?aaeai?
a Iaoe?iiaeueiee oeaio? aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie, ye oe?iiee
aeo?aeiee iaoa??ae aeey caa?aaeaiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a naeaeoe?ei?
onoaiiae iaoi? e?a?ie ? ?ioeo e?a?i. Ia aeai? e?i?? io?eiai? aaoi?nuee?
na?aeioeoaa i?i ?a?no?aoe?th c?ace?a aaiioiiaeo ?ineei a Oe?a?i?.

Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo ? ai?iaaaeaeaieo a naeaeoe?eio i?aeoeeo iaoiae?a
ioe?iee no?eeino? naeaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? aiee?,
n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno a ?inoeooo? ?ineeiieoeoaa ?i.A.ss. TH?’?aa
noai?aii ? ia?aaeaii a aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy aeaaiaaeoeyoue
ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo c a?oiiaith no?ee?noth. C ieo o?noue
aianai? a ?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie ia 1998 ??e, a oiio /ene? aeaa
aeciai? iaoe?iiaeueieie noaiaea?oaie. Iaeei ni?o aianaiee a ?a?no?
ni?o?a ?ineei ?in?? ia 1998 ??e, iaeei a?a?eae aeciaiee ia?niaeoeaiei
aeey ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a Oe?a?i? c 1998 ?ieo, iaeei a?a?eae aianaiee a
?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie c 1999 ?ieo ? o?e a?a?eaee i?ioiaeyoue
aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi?ii aeeiiai? aenia?eiai-oaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, a ?acoeueoao? yeeo noai?ai? ?ioaeoe?ei? oiie, aea/ai?
aeanoeaino? a?ea?a ca iaoiaaii?noth, i?iaaaeaia o?oiiaoieia?/ia ioe?iea
naeaeoe?eiiai oa eieaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a
oai?ia, a?ae?a?ai? no?ee? a?ioeie, aea/aia aaiaoe/ia oe?ii?noue
aeae?eaieo e?i?e, noi?iiaaia ?iai/a eieaeoe?y naiicaieeaieo e?i?e
niiyoieeo.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
iaaiai?thaaeenue ia eii?aeeiaoe?eii-iaoiaee/ieo ia?aaeao c i?iaeaie
caoenoo niiyoieeo a?ae iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a (Ee?a, 1992…1997); c
i?iaeai eieaeoe?e aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie (Oa?e?a,
1991…1997); ia i?aeia?iaei?e ia?aae? “I?aenoiee ? ia?niaeoeae
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o ii naeaeoe?? ? ian?iieoeoao niiyoieeo a
e?a?i?” (E?aniiaea?, 1991); ia i?aeia?iaeiiio neiiic?oi? EUKARPIA c
ieoaiue naeaeoe?? ie?eieo ? ei?iiaeo eoeueoo? (Caii??aeaey, 1996); ia
i?aeia?iaeiiio neiiic?oi? “Iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy, aaaeaiiy ?
aeei?enoaiiy eieaeoe?e aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ?ineei” (Oa?e?a, 1996); ia
i?aeia?iaeiiio eieiea?oi? c i?iaeaie oiiiineno niiyoieeo (Oa?nii, 1997);
ia i?aeia?iaeieo eo?nao i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? ii no?aoaa??
caa?aaeaiiy aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ?ineei (Oai?ueia, 1997).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeine?aeaeaiue, i?aaenoaaeaieo a
aeena?oaoe??, iioae?eiaaii 42 ?iaioe, c yeeo 18 noaoae a iaoeiaeo
aeo?iaeao, 6 oac aeiiia?aeae a iaoa??aeao eiioa?aioe?e, 5 aaoi?nueeeo
na?aeioeoa ? 13 ioae?eaoe?e iaoiaee/iiai oa?aeoa?o (iaoiaee ioe?iie,
i?iaiice ?icaeoeo oai?ia, ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii caoenoo eoeueoo?e,
eaoaeiae). ?c 18 noaoae, ui iioae?eiaai? a iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao, 5 ca
iniaenoei aaoi?noaii, ?aooa (13) – o ni?aaaoi?noa?. Aeiey o/ano? o
i?aoeyo, aeeiiaieo o ni?aaaoi?noa?, neeaaea? 50% ? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
aeeiiaiiyi aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ia??oiooaaiiyi io?eiaieo
?acoeueoao?a, ocaaaeueiaiiyi aeniiae?a.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia oe?a?inueeith
iiaith ia 307 noi?. iaoeiiieno. Neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, oanoe
?icae?e?a, ocaaaeueiaiiy, aeniiae?a, i?iiiceoe?e naeaeoe?ei?e i?aeoeoe?
oa ae?iaieoeoao, nieneo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae aei yeiai aoiaeyoue 358
?ia?o, a oiio /ene? 166 ?iicaiieo oa aeiaeaoe?a. Aeiaeaoee
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue i?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue ?
i?noyoue 8 iaeiaioaaiue. Aeena?oaoe?y ?ethno?iaaia 66 oaaeeoeyie ? 27
?enoieaie.

Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe

?noi??y ?icaeoeo aeine?aeaeaiue ii ?ioi?oaoo niiyoieeo aei oai?ia

Aena?oeththoueny e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo aaoi??a
uiaei ?noi??? aeine?aeaeaiue no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? ?
n??i? aieeae, oiiiineno. Ia iniia? aiae?co ?ia?o iieacaii, ui i?iaeaia
caoenoo niiyoieeo a?ae iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a, iacaaaeath/e ia oe?ieo
ina?oeai?noue, a oe?eiio ia ae??oaia.

Oiiae, iaoa??ae ? iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiue

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee a 1981…1997 ??. ia iieyo aeine?aeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa ?inoeoooo ?ineeiieoeoaa ?i. A.ss.TH?’?aa OAAI “Ae?oia”,
yea ?icoaoiaaia a no?aei?e /anoei? E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie ia oa?eoi???
Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?. A?oioe aeine?aeiiai ainiiaea?noaa oeiia? aeey
a?eueoino? ?aeii?a Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? ? i?aaenoaaeai? iiooaeiei ceaaea
aeeoaeaiei, aaaeeinoaeeieiaei /i?iicaiii.

Ca oa?aeoa?ii ee?iaoe/ieo oiia Oa?e?anueea iaeanoue a?ae??c-iy?oueny
iaea?eueoei nooiaiai i?iyao eiioeiaioaeueiino? a e?ninoaiia?e cii?
Oe?a?ie. Eiao?oe??io eiioeiaioaeueiino? a na?aaeiueiio ii iaeano?
noaiiaeoue 172, a a?ae?ioa?i?/iee eiao?oe??io – 0,9…1.

Ca inoaii? 50 ?ie?a, ca?aeii c aeaieie iaoai?ieia?/ii? noaioe??
aeine?aeiiai ainiiaea?noaa “Ae?oia”, na?aaeiuei??/ia oaiia?aoo?a iia?o?y
noaiiaeoue +6,9C, iaeaeua na?aaeiueii?ny/ia i?eiaaea? ia eeiaiue (+21C),
i?i?iaeueia – ia n?/aiue (-7,2C). A ie?ai? ?iee iaeneiaeueia oaiia?aoo?a
iia?o?y a e?oi?e ia??iae aeinyaaea +40C, a i?i?iaeueia, ui i?eoiaeeoueny
ia ceiia? i?nyoe?, -34C.

Na?aaeiuei??/ia e?euee?noue iiaae?a noaiiaeoue 504 ii. ?iciiae?e
iiaae?a i?ioyaii ?ieo ca ia??iaeaie i?nyoe?a ia??aiii??iee. Iaea?eueoa
?o e?euee?noue aeiaaea? a /a?ai? (62,8 ii) ? aeecueei aei oe???
e?eueeino? aeiaaea? a eeii? (63 ii) oa na?ii? (60,7 ii). Aaniyi? i?nyoe?
(aa?acaiue ? ea?oaiue) oa in?ii?-ceiia? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iaeith
e?euee?noth iiaae?a, a naia: 25,4…34,5 ii aeiaaea? a aaniyi? i?nyoe?,
110,4 ii – a oe?eiio ca in?iue oa 79,8 ii – a ceiia? i?nyoe?.

Na?aaeiy aaaaoie?oiy noia aeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? neeaaea? 2669C, ui
oe?eeii aeinoaoiuei aeey aec??aaiiy iniiaieo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo

eoeueoo?, a oiio /ene? ? niiyoieeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee oeyoii iinoaiiaee iieueiaeo, eaai?aoi?ieo ?
aaaaoaoe?eieo aeine?ae?a, a oaeiae aeei?enoiaoaaee oiiae ooo/iiai
ee?iaoo.

AEeoo?caeaoi?noue neea?ioe??a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary
aecia/aee caaaeueiii?eeiyoei iaoiaeii aieiai? eaia?e. Iaoiaaii?noue
a?ea?a – ca iaoiaeii I.I. Eaniaiai, A.E. Ia?oaithe, I.E. Eiiae?aothe
(1982). Aiae?c ian?iiy ia a?eaio ?ioaeoe?th – I.A. Iaoiiaie (1960).
Aeoeai?noue iaeoeiac a iaoaaie?oao ooai?a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum –
A.I. ?ooeyaeaaie, A.O. Ei?/aaeiie (1973). Ai?no naoa??a a noaaeao ?
eioeeao ?ineei niiyoieeo – A.E. A?iaeiaa (1973). Iaiaaeaiiy ?inoo
i?oeae?th a?ea?a ooia?oeeaeaie in vitro – ca?aeii c iaoiaeeeith A.I.
Eoia/aaie, A.O. Eioeeiaie, N.A. Othoa?aaa (1984). Aeae?eaiiy a?ea?a a
/enoo eoeueoo?o – A.E. Aeeae (1988). Ioe?ieo ? aeia?? no?eeeo aei
caoaeiee?a a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae i?i?inoe?a niiyoieeo – I.I. Eaniaiai,
A.E. Ia?oaithe (1984) c ianooiiei oaeineiiaeaiiyi I.I. Aeieaiaith, A.I.
Iao?aieiaith, A.A. O?enoioi?iaith, I.I. Eiaaeaiei (1992).

A aaaaoaoe?eieo aeine?aeao aea/aee ea?iiaaiia i?i?inoaiiy neea?ioe??a
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a caeaaeiino? a?ae iaoai?/iiai neeaaeo a?oioo,
eiai aieiaino?, aeoeaii? ?aaeoe??, oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y. A aaaaoaoe?ei?
yueee c a?oioii ?ici??ii 0,5 0,5 0,3 i iii?uaee ii 100 oo. neea?ioe??a
a?eaa ia aeeaeio 1,5…2 ni ? a?aeiia?aeii aei aa??aio?a aeine?aeo,
noaaeee ?o a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao i?e ?icn?yiiio na?oe?, aai a eaia?ao c
aecia/aiei oaiia?aoo?iei ?aaeeiii. Iiaoi?i?noue aeine?aeo o?ee?aoia.
Niinoa?aaeaiiy ca i?i?inoaiiyi neea?ioe??a i?iaiaeeee /a?ac eiaei? 2…3
aei?.

A oaieeoe? ooo/iiai ee?iaoo ?ic?iaeyee iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino?
niiyoieeo aei Phomopsis helianthy Munt. – Cvet. et al. (A.I. Iao?aieiaa,
A.I. Ieoaeeiaa, I.I. Eiaaeaiei, 1993). Nooue iaoiaeo iieyaa? a
ca?aaeaii? ?ineei a oaco 3…4 ia? ni?aaaei?o eenoe?a i?eeeaaeaiiyi
5…6 aeaiii? i?oeae?aeueii? eoeueoo?e a?eaa a i?noea c’?aeiaiiy /a?aoea
c noaaeii. Ia??iae ?ieoaoaaiiy 10 aei?a i?e oaiia?aoo?? +25C ? 80%
aieiaino? iia?o?y.

U?euei?noue neea?ioe??a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ia eaaae?aoiiio iao??
i?iiai oa?o a?oioo ainueiei?eueii? n?aici?ie aecia/aee oeyoii ?iceiiie
ca A.A. Aeiniaoiaei (1978), a a??oeaioi?noue a?eaa – ca?aaeaiiyi ?ineei
niiyoieeo ni?oo Oa?e?anueeee 50 neea?ioe?yie, ui i?i?inee i?oeae??i
(A.I. Aeieaiaa, A.I. Iao?aieiaa, 1983) c ianooiiei aecia/aiiyi i?ioeaioo
o?aaeaieo ?ineei.

Caeaoi?noue ni?oiaiai neeaaeo niiyoieeo a iaeiie/aii? ?ioaeoe?e-iiai
ia/aea Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a o?aaeaieo /anoeiao ?ineei aea/aee ia
10 ?aeiiiaaieo oa ia?niaeoeaieo ni?oao ? a?a?eaeao, ui a?ae??ciyeenue ca
aaaaoaoe?eiei ia??iaeii. ?c 10 o?aaeaieo a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao caoaeieeii
oai?iae noaaae ? eioee?a aeae?aee neea?ioe?? a?eaa ? aecia/aee ?o
e?euee?niee ? ye?niee neeaae (e?euee?noue, iano, iaoiaaii?noue).

Iaeiie/aiiy ?ioaeoe?eiiai iioaioe?aeo caoaeiee?a a?ei? aiee?, n??i?
aiee?, oiiiineno ia ?ineeiao niiyoieeo aea/aee ia iaoe?iiaeueieo
noaiaea?oao ??cieo a?oi noeaeino? a oiiaao i?e?iaeiiai oiio ?o
ca?aaeaiiy. Iae?e o?aaeaiino? ?ineei caoaeieeaie oai?ia i?iaiaeeee
iiaeaeaaeii. Ieiua iae?eiai? ae?eyiee 19,6 i.ea. Iiaoi?i?noue o?ee?aoia.

O?oinai?oa?iee iioaioe?ae aa?ioaoi?/ieo caoiae?a ae?iuoaaiiy niiyoieeo
aea/aee ca caeaoi?noth ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a oi?ioaaoe a o?aaeaieo /anoeiao
?ineei ?ioaeoe?eia ia/aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum i?e ??cieo niiniaao
iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, no?ieao iin?ao, iiia?aaeieeao, oiiao
i?ia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy. Iae?e o?aaeaiino? ?ineei caoaeieeii a?ei? aiee?
i?iaiaeeee ca o?oiiaoieia?/ieie iaoiaeaie A. *oiaeiaa, 1978. Ia eiaeiiio
c aa??aio?a aeine?aeo a?aeae?aee 10 o?aaeaieo a?eaii noaaae ? eioee?a, c
yeeo aeae?aee neea?ioe?? caoaeieea ? aecia/aee ?o e?euee?niee ? ye?niee
neeaae (e?euee?noue, iano, iaoiaaii?noue).

Ioe?ieo no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae a
iieueiaeo oiiaao i?iaiaeeee ca iaoiaeii A.I. Aeieaiaie, A.I. Iao?aieiaie
(1983), A.I. Iao?aieiaie (1985), I.I. Aeieaiai?, A.I. Iao?aieiai? ? ?i.
(1992).

Naeaeoe?eii-aaiaoe/io oe?ii?noue no?eeeo e?i?e niiyoieeo aea/aee
iaoiaeii oiie?inieo no?auoaaiue c aecia/aiiyi ?o caaaeueii?
eiia?iaoe?eii? caeaoiino? (CEC) oa niaoeeo?/ii? eiia?iaoe?eii?
caeaoiino? (NEC), A.A. Aieueo (1966), I.I. Eeooi, I.A. I?ineo?iei
(1992). A ia??iae aaaaoaoe?? ?ineei i?iaiaeeee oaiieia?/i?
niinoa?aaeaiiy, a?iiao?e/i? cai??e, aecia/aee i?iaeoeoeai?noue, iano
1000 ian?iei, ie?ei?noue ca?aeii c oi?o?eiaaiei eeaneo?eaoi?ii ?iaeo
Helianthus L. (A. Aiauaiei, A. Ei?iae/oe, A. A?ei/aio ? ?i. 1987).

Aei?iaoaaiiy ooia?oeeae?a aeey caoenoo niiyoieeo a?ae oai?ia i?iaiaeeee
ca iaoiaee/ieie aeac?aeaie A.I. Eoia/aaie, A.O. Eioeeiaie, N.E.
Othoa?aaa (1984).

Ca?? o?iaeath – ca iaoiaeeeith A.N. Ionoiaieoa (1960).

Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea aeine?aeieo aeaieo – aeenia?n?eiei aiae?cii (A.A.
Aieueo, 1966) oa iaoiaeaie aaaaoiaei??iiai noaoenoe/iiai aiae?co
(ei?aeyoe?eiee, eeanoa?iee, aaaaoiaei??ia oeaethaaiiy).

O?oinai?oa?iee iii?oi?eia ? i?iaiic ?icaeoeo iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a
niiyoieeo ia noiae? E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie

Aieea oaeoi??a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua ia ?icaeoie a?ei? ? n??i?
aieeae niiyoieeo. A 1981…1997 ??. a?ea oa n??a aiee? niiyoieeo
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue neaaeei (aei 5% o?aaeaieo ?ineei), iii??iei
(6…10%) ? ?ioaineaiei ?icaeoeii (iiiaae 10%).

A?ea aieeue iaea neaaeee ?icaeoie (0,9…4,4%) eeoa a 3 ?iee ?c 17
(1988?., 1990?., 1994?.) I?ioyaii 8 ?ie?a (1981?., 1986…1987??.,
1991…1993??., 1995…1996??.) niinoa??aaany iii??iee ?? ?icaeoie, oae
ye oai?iaith aoei ioiieaii 5,1…7,8% ?ineei, a ?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo
aiia iaaoea a 1982…1985 ??., 1989?., 1997?., oiaoi i?ioyaii 6 ?ie?a
i?ioeaio o?aaeaieo caoaeieeii oai?iae ?ineei noaiiaea 10,6…29,8.

?icaeoie n??i? aiee? a?ae??ciyany a?ae ?icaeoeo a?ei? aiee?. Neaaeee
nooi?iue o?aaeaiino? ?ineei caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? a?aei?/aiee a 1981?.,
1983…1986??., 1994?., oiaoi i?ioyaii 6 ?ie?a ?c 17. Iii??iee ?icaeoie
oai?iae niinoa??aaany o?eueee a 1995 ? 1997 ??. (6,9% ? 10% o?aaeaieo
?ineei a?aeiia?aeii), a 9 ?ie?a oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue ?ioaineaiei ?icaeoeii
iaoiaaia. A 1982 ?., 1987…1993??., 1996?. o?aaeai?noue ?ineei
caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? noaiiaeea 11,1…73%.

Na?aaeiy oaiia?aoo?a a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??? niiyoieeo ca ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue cia/ieo eieeaaiue i?ae ?ieaie ia iaea ? neeaaeaea
+17,7…21,8C i?e na?aaei?e aaaaoie?oi?e +18,6C.

Noia iiaae?a a ia??iae aaaaoaoe?? niiyoieeo eieeaaeanue a iaaeao
107,5…396,2 ii, a na?aaeiy aaaaoie?oiy ii?ia noaiiaeea 215 ii. Ca
e?euee?niei e?eoa???i iiaae?a, ca?aeii c ?acoeueoaoaie eeanoa?iiai
aiae?co, ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue aoee oiiaii ?icae?eai? ia 2 a?oie –
iinooeea? ? aieia?. ?c 17 ?ie?a aeine?aeaeaiue 8 ?ie?a
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue ye iinooeea? (1981 ?., 1983…1986 ??., 1994…1996
??.) ai noia iiaae?a a oe? ?iee ia ia?aaeuoaaea na?aaeith aaaaoie?oith
ii?io ? noaiiaeea 107,5…199,8 ii, a 9 ?ie?a aoee a?aeianai? a a?oio
aieiaeo (1982 ?., 1987…1993 ??.,1997 ?.), oae ye noia iiaae?a aoea
aeuith a?ae na?aaeiuei? aaaaoie?oiuei? ii?ie ia 19,1…181,2 ii.

Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea aeaieo iieaciee?a oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio, iiaae?a,
o?aaeaiino? caoaeieeaie a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae eiaeii? a?oie ?ie?a
iieacaea iayai?noue a?aei?iiinoae i?ae ieie, ca aeiyoeii na?aaeiueiai
noaoenoe/iiai oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio.

O?aaeai?noue ?ineei caoaeieeaie a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae a?ae??ciyeanue ca
a?oiaie ?ie?a. A?ea aieeue a iinooeea? ?iee ?icaeaaeanue iii??ii (8,1%)
c eieeaaiiyi a?ae neaaeiai (3,7%) aei ?ioaineaiiai (14,2%). A aieia?
?iee na?aaei? noaoenoe/ia cia/aiiy ?? ?icaeoeo neeaaeaei 10,7%, ui
a?aeiia?aea? e?eoa??th ?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo. ?icaeoie n??i? aiee?
iiai?noth ni?aiaaeaa c ?iciiae?eii ?ie?a ia a?oie. A iinooeea? ?iee n??a
aieeue ?icaeaaeanue a neaaeiio nooiai? (4,3%), a o aieia? ?iee iaea
?ioaineaiee ?icaeoie (35,5%).

Ca?aeii c aecia/aiiyi ei?aeyoe?eiiai ca’yceo i?ae iaoai?ieia?/ieie
oiiaaie oa iioe?ai?noth a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae ia niiyoieeo ne?aeo?, ui
oaiia?aoo?a ia aieeaa? ia iioe?ai?noue aieeae. Ia?noioia cia/aiiy
eiao?oe??ioa ei?aeyoe?? i?ae oaiia?aoo?ith oa iioe?ai?noth a?ei? ? n??i?
aieeae ia niiyoieeo i?aeoaa?aeaeo? ianooo?aee aieea oaiia?aoo?e ia
iioe?ai?noue aieeae. Iniiaiei aeieia?/iei /eiieeii ?iciianthaeaeaiino?
a?ei? oa n??i? aieeae ia niiyoieeo ? iiaaee. Aaaeeeaei iieacieeii
iioe?aiino? a?ei? aiee? ? iiaaee ia??iaeo “ooai?aiiy eioeea … ii/aoie
oea?o?iiy” (eiao?oe??io ei?aeyoe?? = 0,38), a ?icaeoie n??i? aiee?
ciaoiaeeoueny a o?ni?e caeaaeiino? a?ae e?eueeino? iiaae?a a ia??iaee
“ooai?aiiy eioeea … ii/aoie oea?o?iiy”, “oea?o?iiy … aeinoeaaiiy” oa
noie iiaae?a ca aaaaoaoe?th (eiao?oe??ioe ei?aeyoe?? a?aeiia?aeii =
0,57; 0,51; 0,74).

Oaeei /eiii, i?e i?iaiicoaaii? ?icaeoeo a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae niiyoieeo
iieaciee iiaae?a a ia??iae “ooai?aiiy eioeea … ii/aoie oea?o?iiy” ?
neaiaeueiei ? aea? iiaeeea?noue ia?aaeaa/eoe iioe?ai?noue oai?ia.

Aca?iia?aeiineie i?ae ?ineeiith-ainiiaea?ai ? iae?io?ioieie iaoiaaiaie.
Aecia/aiiy aca?iica’yceo i?ae ?icaeoeii iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a ?
a?ieia?/ieie oa ainiiaea?nueei-oe?iieie iieacieeaie ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a
niiyoieeo, ui ae?iuothoueny o ae?iaieoeoa?, ia? aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy. Ia
i?eeeaae? iaoe?iiaeueieo noaiaea?o?a niiyoieeo ??cieo a?oi noeaeino?
aecia/aee aca?iica’ycie i?ae o?eaae?noth oac aaaaoaoe??, aenioith
?ineei, ieiuath eenoiai? iiaa?oi?, i?iaeoeoeai?noth ?ineei, ianith 1000
ian?iei, ie?ei?noth ian?iiy oa o?aaeai?noth caoaeieeaie a?ei? aiee?,
n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno. Ca?aeii c ??oaiiyi aea?aeaaiiai
ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiei noaiaea?oii nei?inoeaei? a?oie ?
a?a?eae niiyoieeo Oa?e?anueeee 49, ?aiiueinoeaei? – ni?o Aeiinueeee 60,
na?aaeiuei?aiiuei? – a?a?eae Iaeanueeee 123, na?aaeiueinoeaei? – ni?o
E?aea?.

Ca?aeii c ei?aeyoe?eiei aiae?cii ne?aeo?, ui ?icaeoeo a?ei? aiee? ia
eioeeao ?ineei ni?ey? a?eueo o?eaaeee aaaaoaoe?eiee ia??iae (104,7
aei?a), a?eueoa ieiua eenoiai? iiaa?oi? (78,9…106,4 aei2), oae ye
eiao?oe??io ei?aeyoe??, i?e oeueiio, ia? ?noioia cia/aiiy ? neeaaea?
a?aeiia?aeii 0,84 ? 0,70. I?ae ie?ei?noth ian?iiy oa iioe?ai?noth a?ei?
aiee? ia eioeeao ?ineei aeyaeaia a?ae’?iia ei?aeyoe?y (-0,51), yea
aeaco?, ui a?eueo ie?ei? (51,4%, 51,7%) aaiioeie, a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo
a?a?eaee, a iaioiio nooiai? o?aaeothoueny Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, i?ae
iecueeiie?ei? (46,9% ? 49,1%) iiioeyoe?ei? ni?oe. ?icaeoie n??i? aiee?
ia eioeeao ia? i?yio caeaaei?noue a?ae aenioe ?ineei (eiao?oe??io
ei?aeyoe?? = 0,59) oa ieiu? eenoiai? iiaa?oi? (0,77). Iioe?ai?noue
oiiiineno o?nii iia’ycaia c o?eaae?noth aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo, ieiuath
eenoiai? iiaa?oi? oa i?iaeoeoeai?noth ?ineei. I?ae ieie onoaiiaeaiee
i?yiee ei?aeyoe?eiee ca’ycie. Ei?o?oe??io ei?aeyoe?? neeaaea?
a?aeiia?aeii 0,84; 0,81; 0,55.

Ioaea, c iaoith o?oinai?oa?ii? iioei?caoe?? ia iin?aao niiyoieeo i?e
eiino?othaaii? a?o?oaeoii?ee ?ineei naeaeoe?iia?ai ne?ae noai?thaaoe
aaiioeie ei?ioeinoaae? (aei 111,3 ni), aai c na?aaeiueith aenioith
noaaea (aei 167 ni), c iaioith ieiuath eenoiai? iiaa?oi? (aei 65 aei2)
oa ei?ioeei aaaaoaoe?eiei ia??iaeii (aei 90 aei?a).

AeAEA?AEA ?IOAEOe?? IAE?IO?IOIEO IAOIAAI?A NIIssOIEEO A ?AA?II?

I?eioei?a ian?iiy iin?aieo ia?o?e niiyoieeo. Caianaiiy oai?ia a iia?
?aeiie iaaaaaoi /ano?oa caeaaeeoue a?ae aaico ian?iiy, i?ae c caianaiiyi
caoaeiee?a ?ioeie oeyoaie. A ca’yceo c oeei a i?aai?caoe?? caoenoo
niiyoieeo a?ae oai?ia iniaeeaa cia/aiiy ia? o?oiiaoieia?/ia aenia?oeca
ian?iiy.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? ni?yiiaai? ia aeyaeaiiy ian?ii?ai? ?ioaeoe??,
aeicaieeee anoaiiaeoe iaaecae/aeio ??ciiiai?oi?noue i?eioei?e 925
iin?aieo ia?o?e ian?iiy niiyoieeo, ui caaiceeinue a Oa?e?anueeo iaeanoue
aeey n?aae a 1991…1996 ??., ? ui ?? neeaae caeaaeeoue a?ae ?aa?iio
ae?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy (A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.I. Aeieaiaa, A.I. Ieoaeeiaa,
I.I. Eiaaeaiei, 1993).

Anoaiiaeaii, ui caaacaia ian?iiy niiyoieeo ? aeoeaiei aeaea?aeii
?ioaeoe?? aaaaoueio ?iae?a a?ea?a – caoaeiee?a oai?ia, oae ye 99,3%
iin?aieo ia?o?e aoee ca?aaeai? a?eaaie ia 5…98%. Caoaeiee a?ei? aiee?
cono??/aany a 10% ia?o?e iin?aiiai iaoa??aeo, n??i? aiee? – a 37,8%,
oiiiineno – a 12,4%, nooi? aiee? – a 7,6%, aeueoa?ia??ico – a 44,7%,
aiaae?c?? – a 16,6%, oiiico – a 19,2%, ??ae? – a 13,6%, ooca??ico – a
36,6%, ?iciai? oea?e? – a 3,8%, aneio?oico – a 21,6%. O ian?ii?,
ae?iuaiiio a Iieaeia? ? O?aioe?? caoaeiee a?ei? aiee? cono??/aany
/ano?oa o 2 ? 3 ?ace a?aeiia?aeii, i?ae a ian?ii? c Oe?a?ie (14,6% ?
21,2% i?ioe 7,2%), a a ian?ii? c Oo?a//eie – o 1,7 ?ace (12,5% i?ioe
7,2%). Caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? iin?ai? ia?o?? c Iieaeiae, O?aioe??,
Aieeaiae??, Oo?a//eie, ?niai??, NOA ca?aaeai? a?eueoa o 3,7…6 ?ac?a,
i?ae c Oe?a?ie (40,7%, 72,7%, 84,2%, 62,5%, 75,0%, 100,0% i?ioe 16,6%).
Caoaeiee oiiiineno /ano?oa o 1,6 ?ace cono??/aany a ian?ii?aiio
iaoa??ae? c Iieaeiae a ii??aiyii? c ian?iiyi c Oe?a?ie (20,3% i?ioe
12,5%).

E?euee?niee neeaae ian?ii?ai? ?ioaeoe?? caoaeiee?a oai?ia niiyoieeo a
e?a?iao na?oo ia?aoiao? 5…11. Ian?iiy, caaacaia c Aieeaiae??, ?niai??,
NOA ia oo?eioaaei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a Phomopsis helianthy ia
aeyaeaiee a ian?ii?aiio iaoa??ae? Oo?a//eie, ?niai??, NOA. Oaeei /eiii,
e?euee?nia oa?aeoa?enoeea caeaaeiino? i?ae ?aa?iiii ae?iuoaaiiy
niiyoieeo ? eiie?aoiith oai?iaith ? na?ae/aiiyi aieeao ?aa?iiaeueiiai
oaeoi?a ia ??aaiue ?ioaeoe?? a ian?ii?.

Iioe?ai?noue iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a ia aaaaoaoeaieo i?aaiao niiyoieeo.
A e?ninoaiia?e /anoei? Oe?a?ie iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaiith nenoaiith
caiea?ianoaa ia?aaeaa/aii ?ici?uaiiy niiyoieeo a 8 ? 10-i?eueieo
n?aici?iao, i?e/iio, iaeia iiea a n?aici?i?. I?ney niiyoieeo
caeeoa?oueny aaeeea e?euee?noue iiaeieaieo caeeoe?a, ye? yaeythoue
niaith aeaea?aei ?ioaeoe?? aeey ca?aaeaiiy iin?a?a ianooiieo ?ie?a.
Caeaoi?noue ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo o?aaeoaaoenue caoaeieeaie a?ei?
aiee?, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno aea/aee ia i?eeeaae? iaoe?iiaeueieo
noaiaea?o?a ??cieo a?oi noeaeino?: nei?inoeaea a?oia – Oa?e?anueeee 49,
?aiiueinoeaea – Aeiinueeee 60, na?aaeiuei?aiiy – Iaeanueeee 123,
na?aaeiueinoeaea – E?aea?.

A na?aaeiueiio ca 1994…1997 ??. ia ?ineeiao iaoe?iiaeueiiai
noaiaea?oo nei?inoeaei? a?oie (Oa?e?anueeee 49) ?iciianthaeaeai?noue
a?ei? aiee?, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno o 1,8…4,0 ?ace ieae/a, i?ae ia
?ineeiao iaoe?iiaeueieo noaiaea?o?a ?aiiueinoeaei? oa na?aaeiuei?aiiuei?
a?oi ? a 2,2…4,1 ?ace i?ae ia ?ineeiao na?aaeiueinoeaei? a?oie (?en.
1). Cie?aia, o?aaeai?noue noaaae caoaeieeii a?ei? aiee? iaoe?iiaeueiiai
noaiaea?oo ?aiiueinoeaei? a?oie (Aeiinueeee 60) ia?aaeuoaaea o 4 ?ace
noaiaea?o nei?inoeaei? a?oie, eioee?a – o 2,3 ?ace, o?aaeai?noue eioee?a
caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? – o 2,8 ?ace, caoaeieeii oiiiineno – o 1,8 ?ace.
Iioe?ai?noue a?ei? aiee? ia noaaeao ? eioeeao noaiaea?oo
na?aaeiuei?aiiuei? a?oie (Iaeanueeee 123) aeua a?ae noaiaea?oo
nei?inoeaei? a?oie iaeaea o 2 ?ace, a ia eioeeao – o 2,2 ?ace. ??aaiue
o?aaeaiino? eioee?a caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? aeuee o 2,9 ?ace, a
caoaeieeii oiiiineno – ia ??ai? c noaiaea?oii nei?inoeaei? a?oie.
O?aaeai?noue noaaae ? eioee?a iaoe?iiaeueiiai noaiaea?oo
na?aaeiueinoeaei? a?oie (E?aea?) caoaeieeii a?ei? aiee? ia?aaeuoaaea
oeae iieaciee ia ?ineeiao noaiaea?oo nei?inoeaei? a?oie o 3,6 ? 3,1 ?ace
a?aeiia?aeii, caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? – o 4,1 ?ace, a caoaeieeii
oiiiineno – o 2,2 ?ace. Ca?aeii c aeaieie aeine?aeaeaiue ni?oe ?
a?a?eaee niiyoieeo, ye?

?en. 1. ??aaiue ?icaeoeo oai?ia ia ?ineeiao niiyoieeo iaoe?iiaeueieo
noaiaea?o?a ??cieo a?oi noeaeino?

ae?iuothoueny o ae?iaieoeoa?, iathoue a?aei?iiino? ca iieacieeii
o?aaeaiino? caoaeieeaie iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a, /a?ac ui ? ?o
?ioaeoe?eiee iioaioe?ae ??ciee.

Iaeiie/aiiy neea?ioe??a caoaeieea a?ei? aiee? a o?aaeaieo ?ineeiao, ye
oaeoi? aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a. Iaoiaaii?noue caoaeieea.
A?ae o?eaaeino? aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo aaiioei?a caeaaeeoue e?euee?nia
oa?aeoa?enoeea ?ioaeoe?eiiai iioaioe?aeo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ui
iaeiie/o?oueny a o?aaeaieo a?eaii /anoeiao ?ineei.

I?i?iaeueia e?euee?noue neea?ioe??a a?eaa oi?ioaaeanue a o?aaeaieo
caoaeieeii oai?iae noaaeao ? eioeeao nei?inoeaeiai a?a?eaea Oa?e?anueeee
49 (29,8 oo. ? 18,2 oo. a?aeiia?aeii). A 1,5…2 ?ace a?eueoa ?o
oi?ioaaeinue a noaaeao ?aiiueinoeaeeo (Oa?e?anueeee 48, Oa?e?anueeee 56,
Oa?e?anueeee nei?inoeaeee) oa na?aaeiuei?aii?o aaiioei?a (Naia?aae 254,
Nieaei?220), a a eioeeao – o 1,5…4,5 ?ace a?eueoa. A noaaeao
na?aaeiueinoeaeeo ni?o?a (AI??IE 6540 iie., Oa?e?anueeee 101)
neea?ioe??a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oi?ioaaeinue o 2,5 ?ace a?eueoa,
i?ae o nei?inoeaeeo, a a eioeeao – a?eueoa o 4,5 ?ace. Io?eiai? a
aenia?eiaio? aeai? na?ae/aoue, ui i?iaeaia iaeiie/aiiy a a?oio?
?ioaeoe?eiiai iioaioe?aeo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caeaaeeoue a?ae
aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo aaiioeio.

Ca ye?niith oa?aeoa?enoeeith ?cieyoe a?eaa, ye? aeae?eai? c ??cieo ca
aaaaoaoe?eiei ia??iaeii ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo ia a?ae??ciyeenue.
Caoaeiee a?ei? aiee? niiyoieeo oa?aeoa?eco?oueny na?aaeiueith
iaoiaaii?noth (2,3…3,1 aaee).

U?euei?noue neea?ioe??a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary a iieyo
n?aici?ie, ?o aeeoo?caeaoi?noue oa a??oeaioi?noue. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie
a?oioiaeo ?iceiiie onoaiiaeaii, ui u?euei?noue neea?ioe??a Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum a a?oio? 8-i?eueii? n?aici?ie ciaoiaeeoueny a i?yi?e
caeaaeiino? a?ae nooiaiy o?aaeaiino? ?ineei caoaeieeii oai?iae a ??e
ae?iuoaaiiy niiyoieeo.

*a?ac 8 ?ie?a i?ney ae?iuoaaiiy niiyoieeo ia eaaae?aoiiio iao?? i?iiai
oa?o a?oioo ciaoiaeeoueny 8,5 oo. neea?ioe??a a?eaa aeeoo?caeaoi?noue
yeeo 30,0%, a a??oeaioi?noue 26,7%, ui yaey? caa?ico ca?aaeaiiy
niiyoieeo a ni?eyoeea? aeey ?icaeoeo iaoiaaia ?iee.

Aieea iaoai?/iiai neeaaeo a?oioo ? eiai aeanoeainoae ia ea?iiaaiia
i?i?inoaiiy neea?ioe??a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Aeey ieaioaaiiy
caoiae?a caoenoo niiyoieeo aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy iathoue a?aeiiino? i?i
oi?ioaaiiy neea?ioe?yie ieiaeiaeo o?e. Aeine?aee iieacaee, ui
i?i?inoaiith neea?ioe??a no?iiaie ni?eythoue aaaeeinoaeeieia? a?oioe aea
95,6% ?o oi?ioaaee aiioaoe??. Ia i?uaieo ? noi?uaieo a?oioao i?i?inoaee
no?iiaie 78,2% neea?ioe??a a?eaa, ia na?aaeiueinoaeeieiaeo – 66,6%, a ia
aeeienoeo – 11,7%. Ia aaaeeiio noaeeieo iaeei neea?ioe?e oi?ioaaa 8,9
oo. ieiaeiaeo o?e a?eaa, ia i?uaiiio ? noi?uaiiio ??oioao iaioa ia 2,2 ?
2,9 aiioaoe?y a?aeiia?aeii, a ia na?aaeiueiio noaeeieo iaioa ia 2,8 oo.
A aa??aio? c aeeienoei a?oioii iaeei neea?ioe?e oi?ioaaa 2,6 ieiaeiaeo
o?e a?eaa, ui ia 6,3 oo. iaioa a ii??aiyii? c aaaeeei noaeeieii.
Neea?ioe?? Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ye? ciaoiaeyoueny a a?oio?,
ii/eiaee oi?ioaaoe aiioaoe?? ia 23…25 aeaiue i?ney ianoaiiy
ni?eyoeeaeo oiia ? iiaiee ia??iae ?o ooai?aiiy o?eaaa 35…37 aei?a.
Ioaea iioeiaeueieie oiiaaie aeey i?i?inoaiiy neea?ioe??a a?eaa no?iiaie
? oi?ioaaiiy ieiaeiaeo o?e ? 70% aieiai?ie?noue a?oioo, iaeo?aeueia
cia/aiiy pH a?oioiaiai ?ic/eio (6,4…6,7), oaiia?aoo?a iia?o?y
+18…22N.

Aoaeoeai?noue o?i?/ieo i?aia?ao?a a iaiaaeaii? ?icaeoeo oai?ia niiyoieeo
a oiiaao iiey ? in vitro

Oiene/i?noue ooia?oeeae?a a iaiaaeaii? ?inoo i?oeae?th caoaeiee?a
oai?ia niiyoieeo in vitro. Ia?aeiio ioe?ieo oiene/iino? i?aia?ao?a
i?iaiaeeee a eaai?aoi?ieo oiiaao iaoiaeii ae?iuoaaiiy /enoeo eoeueoo?
caoaeiee?a oai?ia ia aaace?iaaiiio na?aaeiaeu? (ea?oiieyii-aetheiciee
aaa?) c aaaaeaiiyi a iueiai i?aia?ao?a c ?ic?aooieo 50 ia/e aeeaeeueiiai
na?aaeiaeua ca ae?th/ith ?a/iaeiith. Aea/aee aieea ia nooi?iue ?inoo
iaoiaai?a in vitro oaioeo?ai 65% cii/oaaeueiee ii?ioie, OIOAe ? aeue?oo
80% cii/oaaeuei? ii?ioee, ?iieeai, noieeaen, aaieao, ooiaeacie 50%
cii/oaaeuei? ii?ioee, oei?ieen i?ae? 90% cii/oaaeueiee ii?ioie.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie eaai?aoi?ii? ioe?iee aoaeoeaiino? i?aia?ao?a a
iaiaaeaii? ?icaeoeo caoaeiee?a oai?ia niiyoieeo onoaiiaeaii, ui ??no
i?oeae?th Sclerotinia sclerotiorum iiai?noth i?eai?/oaaany i?e aaaaeaii?
a aeeaeeueia na?aaeiaeua ?iieeaio, noieeaeno, aaieaoo. Aeniea
aoaeoeai?noue a?aei?/aia a aa??aio? c oaioeo?aiii (99,8%) ? ooiaeacieii
(97,5%). OIOAe iaiaaeoaaa ??no a?eaa ia 88,6%, a oei?ieen i?ae? – ia
34,6%. Aeue?oo ia iaa ooia?oeeaeii? ae?? ia caoaeieea a?ei? aiee?.

Iiaia i?eai?/aiiy ?inoo i?oeae?th Botrytis cinerea caaacia/oaaee
?iieeai, noieeaen, aaieao, ooiaeacie. Aenieo aoaeoeai?noue iieacaee
oaioeo?ai (92,2%) ? OIOAe (99,1%), a aeue?oo ? oei?ieen i?ae?
iaiaaeoaaee ?icaeoie i?oeae?th ia 42,1% ? 47,3%.

?icaeoie i?oeae?th aeueoa?ia??ico iaiaaeoaaee oaioeo?ai (95,2%), aaieao
(80,3%). Oei?ieen i?ae? ? ooiaeacie ia aieeaaee ia ??no i?oeae?th a?eaa.

Iaiaaeaiiy ?inoo i?oeae?th Fusarium sp. iiiaae 50% caaacia/oaaee
oaioeo?ai (56,4%), aaieao (59,9%) ? ooiaeacie (64,45). Aoaeoeai?noue
?ioeo i?aia?ao?a iecueea ? noaiiaeea 0…43,7%.

Iiaia i?eai?/aiiy ?inoo i?oeae?th caoaeieea oiiiineno caaacia/oaaee an?
i?aia?aoe: oaioeo?ai, OIOAe, ?iieeai, noieeaen, aaieao, ooiaeacie,
aeue?oo, oei?ieen i?ae?.

Aeioe?euei?noue i?io?othaaiiy ian?iiy niiyoieeo ooia?oeeaeaie. Eiaeia
iin?aia ia?o?y niiyoieeo iio?aao? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai i?aeoiaeo uiaei ??
caoenoo a?ae ian?ii?ai? ?ioaeoe??. Cia/iith i??ith oea caeaaeeoue a?ae
nooiaiy ca?aaeaiino? iin?aii? ia?o?? caoaeieeaie oai?ia. A aeine?aeao
ae??aiiae?eyieiaeo iin?a?a aea/aee iin?ai? ia?o?? ian?iiy niiyoieeo
ni?oo Oa?e?anueeee 50 c ??ciei nooiaiai ?o ca?aaeaiino? i?eoiaaiith
oi?iith iaoiaai?a. Iin?aia ia?o?y ?1 aoea ca?aaeaia i?eoiaaiith oi?iith
caoaeiee?a oai?ia ia 76…98%, a iin?aia ia?o?y ?2 – 2…5%. Ian?iiy
aeaieo ia?o?e i?io?othaaee ia?aae n?aaith oaioeo?aiii, OIOAe,
ooiaeacieii, aaieaoii, ?iieeaiii, noieeaenii, ?ia?aeai ?c ?ic?aooieo
2…3 ea i?aia?aoo ia 1 oiiio. A ia??iae aaaaoaoe?? niiyoieeo aecia/aee
iieueiao noiae?noue ian?iiy, o?aaeai?noue noiae?a, noaaae ? eioee?a
niiyoieeo caoaeieeaie a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae, o?iaeaei?noue.

Ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue noiae?noue ian?iiy ia?o?? ?1 noaiiaeea 58,3%.
?noioia i?aeaeuaiiy noiaeino? (12,2%) a?aecia/aii eeoa a iaeiiio
aa??aio?, aea ian?iiy ciaca?aaeoaaee oaioeo?aiii.

?icaeoie a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae ia noiaeao niiyoieeo, noaaeao ? eioeeao a
?iee i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue aoa neaaeei – 0,8…2,9% ia noiaeao
ia?o?? ?1, 0,3…1,1% ia noiaeao ia?o?? ?2. Ia noaaeao ia?o?? ?1
iioe?ai?noue a?ei? aiee? aa??thaaea a iaaeao 1,2…3,6%, ia noaaeao
ia?o?? ?2 1,1…3,4%, a ia eioeeao 0,6…3,0% ? 2,2…4,3% a?aeiia?aeii.
?iciianthaeaeai?noue n??i? aiee? ia eioeeao ia?o?? ?1 noaiiaeea
35,6…43,5%, a ia eioeeao ia?o?? ?2 – 36…40%. Ciaca?aaeoaaiiy ian?iiy
ia iaei ?noioiiai aieeao ia iioe?ai?noue oai?ia, ye? a iniiaiiio iineee
ina?aaeeiaee oa?aeoa?. Iiceoeaiee aieea ciaca?aaeoaaiiy ian?iiy
i?aia?aoaie aecia/aany i?aeaeuaiiyi iieueiai? noiaeino? ?, iniaeeai ia
iin?aao ia?o?e c aenieei nooiaiai ca?aaeaiino? i?eoiaaiith oi?iith
caoaeiee?a oai?ia, a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo ia?o?y ?1 ? caaacia/ea i?yiee
ca’ycie c aoaeoeai?noth ca?eueoaiiy o?iaeath (oaae.1).

Oaaeeoey 1

Aieea i?io?oeiee?a ia iieueiao noiae?noue ian?iiy niiyoieeo ?
o?iaeaei?noue (1988…1990 ??).

Aa??aioeIin?aia ia?o?y ?1Iin?aia ia?o?y ?2iieueiaa noiae?noue,
%o?iaeaei?noue oe/aaiieueiaa noiae?noue, %o?iaeaei?noue
oe/aaEiio?ieue58,321,373,125,4Oaioeo?ai, 3 ea/o
76,125,885,326,8OIOAe, 3ea/o68,121,873,123,7Ooiaeacie, 3
ea/o66,024,467,224,0Aaieao, 3 ea/o63,324,577,324,3?iieeai, 3
ea/o71,223,177,823,3Noieeaen, 3 ea/o70,222,877,321,1?ia?aeue, 3
ea/o70,623,367,224,3I?? 0,059,72,98,83,1

I?io?othaaiiy ian?iiy ia?o?? ?1 oaioeo?aiii ni?eyei ca?eueoaiith
o?iaeaeiino? a na?aaeiueiio ia 4,5 oe/aa (25,8 oe/aa i?ioe 21,3 oe/aa ia
eii?ie? ? 21,8 oe/aa ia aoaeiiiiio aa??aio? OIOAe), ooiaeacieii ?
aaieaoii – ia 3,1 ? 3,2 oe/aa a ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai oa ia 2,6 ? 2,7
oe/aa a ii??aiyii? c aoaeiiiei aa??aioii.

O?iaeaei?noue ia?o?? ?2 ia eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? aoea aenieith (25,4
oe/aa). Canoinoaaiiy ??cieo i?aia?ao?a c iaoith ciaca?aaeoaaiiy ian?iiy
aeaii? ia?o?? ia?aae iin?aii ia iaei iiceoeaiiai aieeao, a iaaiaee,
cieaeoaaei o?iaeaei?noue a?ae 1,1 aei 3,4 oe/aa.

Aieea ooia?oeeae?a ia o?oinai?oa?iee noai iin?a?a niiyoieeo. Aeey
ioe?iee aoaeoeaiino? ooia?oeeae?a ia eioeeao niiyoieeo aei?iaiaoaaee
aeicaieai? aei canoinoaaiiy a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? i?aia?aoe:
ooiaeacie 50% cii/oaaeueiee ii?ioie, ?iieeai 50% cii/oaaeueiee ii?ioie,
?ia?aeue 50% cii/oaaeueiee ii?ioie, noieeaen 50% cii/oaaeueiee ii?ioie ?
?ia?aeue OEI 25% eiioeaio?ao aioeuen??. Ii?ia aeo?aoe i?aia?ao?a
noaiiaeea 1,5 ea/aa i?e eiioeaio?aoe?? ?iai/i? ??aeeie 0,2%. Ia eiio?ie?
?ineeie iai?eneoaaee aiaeith. Ieiua iae?eiai? ae?eyiee 19,6 i2,
iiaoi?i?noue aeine?aeo o?ee?aoia. Aei?i-aoaaiiy ooia?oeeae?a i?iaiaeeee
ia ni?o? Oa?e?anueeee 50. Iai?eneoaaee ?ineeie a o?e ia??iaee: ia?oa – a
oaco ooai?aiiy eioee?a, ae?oaa – a ia??iae oea?o?iiy, o?ao? – a ia??iae
iiaeiao?iiy eioee?a.

?iee i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue iii??iei
(1983…1985 ??.) oa neaaeei (1986…1989 ??.) ?icaeoeii a?ei? aiee? ?
neaaeei (1983 ?., 1986 ?., 1989 ?.,), iii??iei (1984 ?., 1985 ?.,) oa
?ioaineaiei (1987 ?., 1988 ?.) ?icaeoeii n??i? aiee?.

A ?acoeueoao? aei?iaoaaiiy ooia?oeeaeii? ae?? i?aia?ao?a ia eioeeao
niiyoieeo ne?aeo?, ui a oiiaao no?aeiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie a ?iee c
iii??iei ?icaeoeii a?ei? aiee? iai?eneoaaiiy iin?a?a ooiaeacieii,
?iieeaiii, aai ?ia?aeai noaa?e?co? o?oinai?oa?io iai?oaeai?noue ia
iin?aao eoeueoo?e. ?icaeoie oai?iae ciaioo?oueny a 2,3, 2 ? 1,7 ?ace
a?aeiia?aeii, a a?ieia?/ia aoaeoeai?noue i?aia?ao?a i?e oeueiio
a?aeiia?aea? na?aaeiueiio ??aith ? noaiiaeoue 50,7% ? 40,1%. Ia ?icaeoie
n??i? aiee? ia eioeeao ? o?iaeaei?noue niiyoieeo iai?eneoaaiiy ?ineei
ooia?oeeaeaie ia aieeaa?.

Iaoiaee ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei iae?io?ioieo

iaoiaai?a. Aeia?? no?eeeo oi?i

?ic?iaea iaoiae?a aeiai?o no?eeeo oi?i niiyoieeo ia ?aii?o aoaiao
?icaeoeo ?ineei. O?oaeiiu? noai?aiiy no?eeeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? ?
n??i? aieeae ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo oneeaaeiththoueny oei, ui
na?aae aeae?a ?iaeo Helianthus ia ciaeaeai? oi?ie, ye? a
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue ye ?ioii?. I?ioa, ca?aeii c a/aiiyi ?.?. Ia/ieeiaa
i?i i?e?iaeiee ianiaoeeo?/iee ?ioi?oao aeeaeo i?aai?ci?a ? i?i oeyoe
aeieeiaiiy niaoeeo?/iiai ?ioi?oaoo aei iaaieo oai?ia a?aeiii, ui eiaeiee
ni?eeiyoeeaee aei caoai?thaaiiy aeae oaea oo?eio? a nai?io neeaae?
iani?eeiyoeea? aei oai?iae oi?ie, ye? iiaeooue aooe aeyaeai? o?eueee a
oiiaao aei?noeiai ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio, i?e yeiio i?ioenoiyoe oai?iaai
iiaee a ae?enii no?ee? ?ineeie. Na?aae ?nioth/eo iaoiae?a ioe?iee
no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae ia ?aii?o aoaiao
?icaeoeo ?ineei ie a?aeaeaaaee ia?aaaao iaoiaeo I.I. Eaniaiai, A.E.
Ia?oaithe (1984), yeee ia?aaeaa/aa ca?aaeaiiy i?i?inoe?a noi?oeii
aiiiaaiaoo i?oeae?th Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea,
aeniiceoe?th ?o aeo?eiee i?e iioeiaeueieo oiiaao ca?aaeaiiy ? a?aea??
no?eeeo a?ioei?a ca ?ioiieia?/iith ?aaeoe??th i?i?inoe?a, ui
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue iioiauaiiyi ei?aiaai? oeeee ? a?ae?inoaiiyi iiaeo
aieiaeo ei??ioe?a aeua ciie iae?ic?a. Aeaiee iaoiae ? aoa i?ioioeiii i?e
?ic?iaoe? iaie iaoiaeo ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei?
? n??i? aieeae ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei (I.I. Aeieaiaa, A.I.
Iao?aieiaa ? ?i., 1992). Cai?iiiiiaaiee niin?a a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae
i?ioioeio oei, ui ca?aaeaiiy Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea
i?iaiaeeoueny ie?aii. Ca?aaeaiith i?aeeyaathoue e??i ei?aiaai? /anoeie
ua ? a?iieioeeue i?i?inoe?a aei c’yaeaiiy neiioii?a oai?iae i?ioyaii
2…10 aei?a. I?i?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy ? aeo?eiea i?i?inoe?a a ia??iae ?o
ioe?iee i?ioiaeeoue c canoinoaaiiyi aeenoeeueiaaii? aiaee. O?eaae?noue
ia??iaeo ioe?iee ca?eueoaiee aei 10 aei?a. I?e i?aeaioiaoe? ?iieoethio
a?aoiao?oueny eiai ye?noue (iaoiaaii?noue, iaeoie?oe/ia aeoeai?noue
oa?iaio?a a?eaa). A no?aei?e /anoei? E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum oa?aeoa?eco?oueny na?aaeiueith iaoiaaii?noth, a Botrytis
cinerea – aenieith (oaae. 2). Iaeoie?oe/ia aeoeai?noue oa?iaio?a a?ea?a
caeaaeeoue a?ae aaiioeio niiyoieeo oa e?eueeino? noi?iiaaieo neea?ioe??a
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a o?aaeaiiio a?eaii eioeeo. Ooai Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, aeae?eaiee c ni?oo AI??IE 6540 iie. ia? aeuo aeoeai?noue
iaeoie?oe/ieo oa?iaio?a ? yne?aai ae?aaeaiee i?e oa?iaioaoeaii?
aeoeaiino? ia 11 aeiao ?inoo i?oeae?th i?ae ooai a?eaa, aeae?eaiee c
a?a?eaea Oa?e?anueeee 49. Aeuo iaeoie?oe/io aeoeai?noue a?eaa iathoue
ooaie, ye? oi?iothoue a?eueoo e?euee?noue (iiiaae 200 oo.) neea?ioe??a
caoaeieea a?ei? aiee? a o?aaeaiiio eioeeo i?ae ooaie c iaioith ?o
e?euee?noth (a?ey 100 oo.), i?e/iio, i?e iaeoie?oe/ii? aeoeaiino?
oa?iaio?a o ia?oeo i?eoiaeeoueny ia 6 aeiao ?inoo i?oeae?th.

Oaaeeoey 2

Oa?aeoa?enoeea ooai?a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea,
aeae?eaieo c ??cieo ??oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo cii, ca iaoiaaii?noth

(1985 … 1988 ??.)

OoaiIaoiaaii?noue a?eaa, aaeSclerotinia sclerotiorumBotrytis
cinereaOa?e?anueeee3,33,9Iaeanueeee3,13,9Iieaeianueeee3,13,9Iineianueeee
2,23,4Ai?ii?cueeee3,03,9Oaiaianueeee3,13,9I?? 0,051,00,8

A?ae?a?ai? no?ee? i?i?inoee aenaaeaeoaaee a ??oio aeey io?eiaiiy
iioiinoaa c ianooiiei oanooaaiiyi ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia.
Aeinoia??i?noue niiniao i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny noai?aiiyi, c canoinoaaiiyi
?ioeoooo, iani?eeiyoeeaeo aei neea?ioei?ico a oac? i?i?inoe?a e?i?e
niiyoieeo O 2040/8, O 2024/6, a oaeiae c i?aeaeuaiith no?ee?noth aei
caoaeieea n??i? aiee? O 2040/7, O 2024/6, ye? ai?iaaaeaeai? a
naeaeoe?eio i?aeoeeo.

?ic?iaeaiee iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeieea oiiiineno
(A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.I. Ieoaeeiaa, I.I. Eiaaeaiei, 1993) cae?enith?oueny
ca?aaeaiiyi niiyoieeo a ia??iae 3…4 ia? ni?aaaei?o eenoe?a a oiiaao
oaieeoe? i?eeeaaeaiiyi 5…6 aeaiii? i?oeae?aeueii? eoeueoo?e a?eaa a
i?noea c’?aeiaiiy /a?aoea c noaaeii ? aeo?eioaaiiyi ca?aaeaieo ?ineei
i?ioyaii 10 aei?a i?e + 25N ? 80% aieiaino? iia?o?y. Ca ia??iae
1990…1992 ??. a oiiaao ooo/iiai ee?iaoo ioe?iaii ia no?ee?noue aei
caoaeieea oiiiineno 1498 c?ace?a naeaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo niiyoieeo, c
ieo no?eeeo aoei 108, aai 7,2%, oa 65 ni?oic?ace?a, aai 4,3% –
neaaeini?eeiyoeeaeo.

Oaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a noai?aiiy ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio a iieueiaeo oiiaao
ia iine?aeiaieo aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei. Ii??aithth/e aoaeoeai?noue
iaoiae?a ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ?
Botrytis cinerea a iieueiaeo oiiaao, ?ic?iaeaieo aeine?aeieeaie Oe?a?ie
(N.E. Ai?enaiei, 1962; E.A. A?a/ea, A.I. Ii/aineay, 1978; I.I. Eaniaie,
A.E. Ia?oaithe, 1984), ?in?? (A.O. Cae/oe, 1985), Aieaa??? (O. Oiiia,
1975), O?aioe?? (O. Aaa?, AE. Aeeiiai, 1976; Ae. Tourvieille oa ?i.,
1978) c iaoeie aa??aioaie ca?aaeaiiy ?ineei caoaeieeaie oai?ia
anoaiiaeaii, ui a oiiaao no?aeiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaiei niiniaii noai?aiiy ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio aeey aeae?eaiiy no?eeeo
?ineei a ia??iae ?o i?i?inoaiiy ? aianaiiy ?iieoethio a ??oio i?e n?aa?
ian?iiy. Aeey ioe?iee no?eeino? aei caoaeieea a?ei? aiee? – neea?ioe??a
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ?ici??ii 0,2…0,3 ni, a i?e noai?aii?
?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio caoaeieea n??i? aiee? – 100 ia/eoieo iiae??aiaiiai
ian?iiy, o?aaeaiiai Botrytis cinerea a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao. Oaeee niin?a
noai?aiiy ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio i?e ioe?ioe? no?eeino? aei Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum ia?aaeuo? eiio?ieueiee aa??aio o 3,5 ?ace, a i?e ioe?ioe?
no?eeino? aei Botrytis cinerea – o 7,5 ?ace ? iacaeaaeii a?ae iiaiaeieo
oiia ?ieo ? a?aeiinii noaeeie a ii??aiyii? c ?ioeie aa??aioaie.

Ca?aaeaiiy noaaae niiyoieeo i?iaiaeeee a ia??iae aooii?caoe?? ?ineei
i?eeeaaeaiiyi ?iieoethio Sclerotinia sclerotiorum aei i?eei?aiaai?
/anoeie noaaea ? caa?oo i?eneiaee aieiaei ??oioii. Iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiei,
oaoiieia?/iei ? aeinooiiei aeey aeeiiaiiy iaoiaeii ioe?iee no?eeino?
noaaae niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ? i?eeeaaeaiiy aei
i?eei?aiaai? /anoeie ?ineei, o?aaeaieo a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao oeaiei ?c
noaaae eoeueoo?e. O?aaeai?noue noaaae a aeaiiio aa??aio? aeine?aeo
neeaaeaea 71,4% i?ioe 9,2% ia eiio?ie?.

Aea/aiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?iieoethio Sclerotinia sclerotiorum i?e ioe?ioe?
no?eeino? eioee?a aei a?eaa i?iaiaeeee a ia??iae ?o iiaeiao?iiy
i?eeeaaeaiiyi ?iieoethio i?ae iaai?oeiaee eeno eioeea, e??i aa??aioa c
nociaic??th aneiii?, aea eioeee iai?eneoaaee a ia??iae oea?o?iiy. A
?acoeueoao? ii??aiyeueii? oa?aeoa?enoeee iaoieia?/ii? ae?? ?iieoethio
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ia eioeeao niiyoieeo onoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaiei ? i?eeeaaeaiiy i?ae iaai?oeiaee eeno eioeea oeaieie ?c
o?aaeaiiai a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao noaaea, aai eioeea. I?ioeaio o?aaeaieo
caoaeieeii oai?iae eioee?a noaiiaea i?e oeueiio 52,1 a ia?oiio aeiaaeeo
oa 86,1 a ae?oaiio.

I?e ioe?ioe? no?eeino? eioee?a niiyoieeo aei Botrytis cinerea,
aeae?eeany aa??aio c i?eeeaaeaiiyi i?ae iaai?oeiaee eeno eioee?a a
ia??iae ?o iiaeiao?iiy oeaieie ?c o?aaeaieo a?eaii a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao
eioee?a. O?aaeai?noue eioee?a i?e oeueiio noaiiaeea 65,8%.

Ii?yae c i?yieie i?iaiaeeee iiooe aeiaeaoeiaeo iaoiae?a ioe?iee aei
caoaeiee?a oai?ia. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a caei?iaeo ?ineeiao ai?no naoa??a a
1,2…1,3 ?ace ieae/ee, i?ae a ni?eeiyoeeaeo aei caoaeieea a?ei? aiee?
(?en. 2). ??cieoey ai?noo naoa??a a no?eeeo oa ni?eeiyoeeaeo aei
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a?ioeiao niiyoieeo iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia ye
ia?ea?ia iciaea ?o no?eeino? aei oe??? oai?iae.

?en. 2. Ai?no naoa??a a /a?aoeao eenoe?a ? eioeeao niiyoieeo (na?aaei?
ca 1987…1989 ??.)

Cia/aiiy ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio a aeiai?? aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oi?i
niiyoieeo. Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo iaie niinia?a ca?aaeaiiy ?ineei
ia??oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue aeiai?o no?eeeo aei caoaeiee?a iae?io?ioieo
iaoiaai?a oi?i niiyoieeo. A ?acoeueoao? aaaaoi??/ieo a?aeai??a no?eeeo
aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ?ineei noai?ai? e?i?? iani?eeiyoeea? aei
ca?aaeaiiy i?i?inoe?a – O 2035, W 501, RW 637, ca no?ee?noth noaaae –
O 3848, O 4022, O 2035, ca no?ee?noth eioee?a – O 2035, W 501, RW 637.

Naeaeoe?eii-aaiaoe/ia oe?ii?noue no?eeeo e?i?e niiyoieeo. C iaoith
aeyaeaiiy iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeaieo ca iciaeith no?eeino? aei Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum aaouee?anueeeo oi?i iaie i?iaaaeaiee ?yae oiie?inieo
no?auoaaiue aeey aecia/aiiy ?o caaaeueii? eiia?iaoe?eii? caeaoiino?
(CEC) ? niaoeeo?/ii? eiia?iaoe?eii? caeaoiino? (NEC). A aeine?ae?
1991…1993 ??. aoee caae?yi? 100 naiicaieeaieo e?i?e niiyoieeo c
aeueoa?iaoeaiith ?aaeoe??th ia ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoiaaia ? iaeiaeiaith. A
oiie?inao c iaeieie ? oeie ae oanoa?ieie e?i?yie aea/aee O 711, O 239,
O 1234, O 594, O 1581, O 1625, O 712, O 714, O 715, O 717. Oanoa?i?
e?i?? O 908, O 1006, O 2111, O 2552, O 3448, O 503 aeei?enoiaoaaee ye
iaoa?einuee?. Ui?ieo io?eioaaee 60 aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?a?eae?a, ye?
aea/aee i?e ooo/iiio ca?aaeaii? Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Aiae?c
aaiaoe/ieo aeanoeainoae e?i?e i?iaiaeeee ca iaoiaeii I.I. Eeooia,
I.A. I?ineo?ieia (1992).

I?e ia/eneaii? aoaeo?a CEC e?i?e, CEC oanoa??a ? aca?iiae?? “e?i?y
oanoa?”, aai NEC aeae?eai? e?i?? ? oanoa?e c aenieith, na?aaeiueith ?
iecueeith CEC ca o?aaeai?noth Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaee, ui CEC ? NEC e?i?e ia ?ice?eaathoue
?o naeaeoe?eii-aaiaoe/ii? oe?iiino? ca no?ee?noth aei Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, oae ye no?ee? aei caoaeieea oai?iae a?a?eaee aoee
iaea?aeai? iacaeaaeii a?ae ?o eiia?iaoe?eii? caeaoiino?. Iniiao
no?eeino? a?a?eae?a neeaaeathoue niaaeeia? iciaee aaouee?anueeeo e?i?e.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy no?eeeo ni?o?a oa a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo o ae?iaieoeoai. Ia
iniia? aeo?aeiiai iaoa??aeo niiyoieeo, aeae?eaiiai ca no?ee?noth aei
caoaeiee?a iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a, ainiiaea?nueei-oe?iieie iieacieeaie,
a?ieia?/ieie iniaeeainoyie, ni?a?ia?oieeaie a?aeae?eo naeaeoe??
niiyoieeo ? ?ioiieiaaie ca ia??iae 1986…1997 ??. noai?aii ? ia?aaeaii
ia aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy 12 ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo, c yeeo
6 ca o/anoth caeiaoaa/a, a 6 ca ni?aaaoi?noaii. Na?aae ni?o?a ?
a?a?eae?a, ye? noai?ai? ca o/anoth caeiaoaa/a – Oa?e?anueeee 3,
Oa?e?anueeee 7, Oa?e?anueeee nei?inoeaeee, Oa?e?anueeee 49, Oa?e?anueeee
58, Cono??/. An? aiie, e??i ni?oo Oa?e?anueeee nei?inoeaeee, aianai? a
?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie ia 1998 ??e, a ni?o Oa?e?anueeee
nei?inoeaeee – a ?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei ?in??. O/anoue caeiaoaa/a a
noai?aii? oeeo ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a oa?aeoa?eco?oueny o?oiiaoieia?/iith
ioe?ieith no?eeino? aeo?aeiiai iaoa??aeo aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, aeiai?ii
no?eeeo oi?i.

Ca ni?aaaoi?noaii noai?aii ? ia?aaeaii ia aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy 6
a?a?eae?a: Na?oi/, Iiaeyae, Eee, Iie, Na?oica?, E?anaiue. A?a?eaee
Na?oi/ ? Iiaeyae aianai? a ?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie – ia 1998 ?.
(Na?oi/) ? 1999 ?. (Iiaeyae), a?a?eae Eee aianaiee a ?a?no?
ia?niaeoeaieo ia 1998 ?., a a?a?eaee Iie, Na?oica? ? E?anaiue
i?ioiaeyoue aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy.

Aeiey ni?aaaoi?noaa a noai?aii? a?a?eae?a 10%. ?iaioa oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
noai?aiiyi ?ioaeoe?eieo oii?a, o?oiiaoieia?/iith ioe?ieith no?eeino?
aeo?aeiiai iaoa??aeo aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, a?aeai?ii no?eeeo a?ioei?a,
noai?aiiyi naiicaieeaieo aaouee?anueeeo oi?i c aenieith no?ee?noth aei
iaoiaai?a (oaae. 3).

Oaaeeoey 3

Oa?aeoa?enoeea ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo, noai?aieo ca o/anoth ? a
ni?aaaoi?noa? caeiaoaa/a, ca no?ee?noth aei caoaeiee?a iae?io?ioieo
iaoiaai?a (1994…1997 ??.)

Ni?o, a?a?eaeO?aaeai?noue, %caoaeieeii a?ei? aiee?eioee?a caoaeieeii

n??i? aiee?noaaae caoaeieeii

oiiiinenonoaaaeeioee?aOa?e?anueeee nei?inoeaeee5,18,50,640,3Oa?e?anueeee
310,810,91,537,1Oa?e?anueeee 711,217,20,828,1Oa?e?anueeee 49
06,72,221,2Oa?e?anueeee 586,610,51,513,8Cono??/1,510,6
021,6Na?oi/0,94,60,429,8Iiaeyae0,36,4 07,5Eee 00,9
07,3Iie 06,41,011,6Na?oica?0,7 0 013,0E?anaiue
06,4 08,8

Aeniiaee

1. A oiiaao no?aeiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie a?ea oa n??a aiee?
i?iyaeythoueny ia niiyoieeo ui??/ii. A inoaii? ?iee oe?ieiai ?iciianthae
aeaiiy iaaoea n??a ieyieno?noue noaaae, aai oiiiinen. I?aeaeuaiiy
no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a oeeo oai?ia caaacia/o? a?eueo iiaia
aeei?enoaiiy a?ieia?/iiai iioaioe?aeo eoeueoo?e, cieaeo? iioe?ai?noue
oai?ia ia ?ineeiao, ian?ii?aiio iaoa??ae?, ciaioo? iaeiie/ai?noue
?ioaeoe?eiiai ia/aea a?ea?a a ??oio?, noaa?e?co? o?oinai?oa?io
iai?oaeai?noue ia iin?aao eoeueoo?e.

2. Iaeiei ?c iniiaieo oaeoi??a iioe?aiino? a?ei? oa n??i? aieeae
niiyoieeo ? noia iiaae?a ca aanue ia??iae aaaaoaoe?? eoeueoo?e. Aeyaeaii
i?yiee ei?aeyoe?eiee ca’ycie i?ae e?euee?noth iiaae?a ca ia??iae
“ooai?aiiy eioeea … ii/aoie oea?o?iiy” ? iioe?ai?noth a?ei? oa n??i?
aieeae. sse i?aaeei, a ?iee c e?euee?noth iiaae?a a oeae ia??iae iaioa
62 ii niinoa??aa?oueny neaaeee ?o ?icaeoie, a iiiaae 85 ii –
?ioaineaiee. Oiio a?aecia/aia e?euee?noue iiaae?a a aeaiee ia??iae
?icaeoeo ?ineei aecia/aia ye neaiaeueia a i?iaiicoaaii? ?icaeoeo oai?ia.

3. Aeyaeaia caeaaei?noue o?aaeaiino? ?ineei caoaeieeaie iae?io?ioieo
iaoiaai?a a?ae o?eaaeino? aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo aaiioeio. O?aaeai?noue
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Phomopsis helianthy ?ineei
na?aaeiuei?aiiuei? oa na?aaeiueinoeaei? a?oi noeaeino? o 2…3 ?ace
ia?aaeuo? ??aaiue o?aaeaiino? aaiioei?a nei?inoeaei? oa ?aiiueinoeaei?
a?oi. A o?aaeaieo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum noaaeao ? eioeeao aaiioei?a
nei?inoeaei? a?oie oi?io?oueny i?i?iaeueia e?euee?noue neea?ioe??a a?eaa
(18,2 oo.), a a aaiioeiao na?aaeiueinoeaei? a?oie – iaeneiaeueia (158,4
oo.).

4. Onoaiiaeaii, ui ?icaeoie a?ei? aiee? iiceoeaii ei?aeth? c o?eaae?noth
aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo ? ieiuath eenoiai? iiaa?oi?; ?icaeoie n??i?
aiee? – c aenioith ?ineei ? ieiuath eenoiai? iiaa?oi?; ?icaeoie
oiiiineno – c o?eaae?noth aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo, ieiuath eenoiai?
iiaa?oi? ? i?iaeoeoeai?noth.

5. Aea/aiee aieea ia aeaeiaee neeaae iaoiaai?a a ian?ii? niiyoieeo,
ae?iuaiiai a ??cieo e?a?iao na?oo. Caoaeieeii a?ei? aiee? ian?iiy c
O?aioe?? ca?aaeaia o 3 ?ace, caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? ian?iiy c NOA,
Aieeaiae??, ?niai??, O?aioe??, Oo?a//eie o 3,7…6 ?ac?a, a caoaeieeii
oiiiineno ian?ii?aee iaoa??ae c Iieaeiae o 1,6 ?ace ca?aaeaiee a?eueoa,
i?ae iin?aiee iaoa??ae c Oe?a?ie.

6. Cao?eniaaii i?oeae?aeueii-ae??aeaeaeiiiae?aiee aeeii?o?ci ?ic-aeoeo
caoaeiee?a iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a – i?eoiaaia oi?ia ?o ?nioaaiiy ?
aeiaaaeaia iaiao?aei?noue ?? a?aooaaiiy a iin?aieo ia?o?yo ia-

n?iiy niiyoieeo.

7. Aeiaaaeaia iaiao?aei?noue o?oinai?oa?ii? aenia?oece ian?iiy aeey
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? caoiaeo ciaca?aaeoaaiiy eiie?aoii? iin?aii?
ia?o??. I?io?o?iiy ian?iiy aecia/aiei i?aia?aoii aeey oe?eani?yii-aaiiai
iaiaaeaiiy ?icaeoeo aecia/aieo caoaeiee?a oai?ia o iin?aieo ia?o?yo c
aenieei nooiaiai ca?aaeaiino? aea? iiaeeea?noue i?aeaeueoe ?o iieueiao
noiae?noue ia 11,3…17,8% oa ca?eueoeoe o?iaeaei?noue, a na?aaeiueiio
ia 4,5 oe/aa.

8. Iieacaii, ui iai?eneoaaiiy ?ineei niiyoieeo ooiaeacieii, ?iieeaiii,
aai ?ia?aeai a aeic? 1,5 ea/aa ciaioo? iioe?ai?noue oai?iae ia eioeeao o
1,7…2,3 ?ace eeoa a ?iee c iii??iei ?icaeoeii a?ei? aiee?.

9. Aecia/ai? ye?ni? iieacieee ?iieoethio: iaoiaaii?noue ??cieo ooai?a
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, iaeoie?oe/ia aeoeai?noue
oa?iaio?a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, i?e oa?iaioaoeaii? aeoeaiino? ?inoo
eiai i?oeae?th, caeaaei?noue i?i?inoaiiy neea?ioe??a i?oeae??i a?ae ?o
?ici??o. Ana oea caaacia/o? aeinoia??i?noue ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo
aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia a oiiaao eaai?aoi??? ? iiey oa i?aeaeuo? ??
aoaeoeai?noue.

10. ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aeey aeae?eaiiy
no?eeeo oi?i ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei oa a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
eoeueoo?e:

– aeni?an-iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? naeaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo niiyoieeo aei
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, yeee ia?aaeaa/a? ca?aaeaiiy ei?aiaai? nenoaie
? a?iieioeey i?i?inoe?a aiiiaaiaoii i?oeae?th aecia/aieie ca ye?noth
ooaiaie a?eaa ? caaacia/o? a?aea?? no?eeeo i?i?inoe?a i?ioyaii 10 ae?a;

– aeni?an-iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? naeaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo niiyoieeo aei
Botrytis cinerea (aiaeia?/iee aeua iienaiiio iaoiaeo);

– iaoiae aecia/aiiy ca?aaeaiino? ian?iiy o?oiiaoiaaiaie, yeee caaacia/o?
aeyaeaiiy i?eoiaaii? oi?ie caoaeiee?a oai?ia ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo
?ineei. Nooue iaoiaeo iieyaa? a a?aeai?? caei?iaeo i?i?inoe?a i?ney
i?i?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy a aeenoeeueiaai?e aiae? ? ae?iuoaaii? ?o ia na?oe?
a noa?eeuei?e aeenoeeueiaai?e aiae? i?ioyaii 2…10 ae?a i?e oaiia?aoo??
+20…23N. I?e oeueiio onoaa?oueny aeeaeaiiy i?ia?aeueieie aeaiaioaie ?
i?aeaeuo?oueny oa?iaioaoeaia aeoeai?noue iaoiaai?a, ui ciaoiaeyoueny a
ieo;

– iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei Phomopsis helianthy, ui
caaacia/o? aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th iaoa??aeo ca no?ee?noth i?e ca?aaeaii?
?ineei a oiiaao oaieeoe? a oaco 3…4 ia? ni?aaaei?o eenoe?a
i?eeeaaeaiiyi 5…6 – aeaiii? i?oeae?aeueii? eoeueoo?e a?eaa a i?noea
c’?aeiaiiy /a?aoea c noaaeii;

– iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? noaaae niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
a

iieueiaeo oiiaao, yeee caaacia/o? a?aea?? ?ineei c no?eeeie noaaeaie i?e
ca?aaeaii? ?o aac o?aaioaaiiy a ia??iae aooii?caoe?? ?ineei ?iieoethiii
?c o?aaeaieo a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao noaaae iiioeyoe?eieo ni?o?a;

– iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? eioee?a niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea a iieueiaeo oiiaao, yeee caaacia/o?
a?aea?? ?ineei c no?eeeie eioeeaie i?e ca?aaeaii? ?o a ia??iae
iiaeiao?iiy aac o?aaioaaiiy ?iieoethiii ?c o?aaeaieo a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao
eioee?a iiioeyoe?eieo ni?o?a;

– aeiaeaoeiaee iaoiae ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, ui aaco?oueny ia aecia/aii? ai?noo iie?naoa??a a /a?aoeao
eenoe?a a ia??iae aooii?caoe?? ?ineei (aeey ioe?iee no?eeino? noaaae) ?
a eioeeao a ia??iae ?o iiaeiao?iiy (aeey ioe?iee no?eeino? eioee?a).

11. Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiae?a noai?ai? iani?eeiyoeea? aei
ca?aaeaiiy Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a oac? i?i?inoe?a naiicaieeai? e?i??
O 2035, W 501, RW 637, c aenieith no?ee?noth noaaea (O 3448, O 4022,
O 2035) oa eioeea (O 2035, W 501, RW 637), neaaeini?eeiyoeea? aei
ca?aaeaiiy Botrytis cinerea a oac? i?i?inoe?a naiicaieeai? e?i??
O 2040/7, O 2024/6. Aeae?eai? 108 naeaeoe?eieo iiia??a no?eeeo aei
Phomopsis helianthy oa 65 neaaeini?eeiyoeeaeo.

12. Noai?aia ?iai/a eieaeoe?y naiicaieeaieo e?i?e niiyoieeo, a yeo
aa?eoee iaea?eueo oe?ii? 153 e?i??. An? aiie ia?aaeai? a Iaoe?iiaeueiee
oeaio? aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie aeey caa?aaeaiiy ?
aeei?enoaiiy naeaeoe?eieie onoaiiaaie e?a?ie oa ca ?? iaaeaie. Iiia?e
?a?no?aoe?? ?? 2001…2153.

13. Noai?aii ? ia?aaeaii ia aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy ca o/anoth
caeiaoaa/a i?ioyaii 1990…1997 ??. 6 ni?o?a ? a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo c
a?oiiaith no?ee?noth aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia oa oe?iieie ainiiaea?nueeeie
iieacieeaie. C ieo 5 (Oa?e?anueeee 49, Oa?e?anueeee 3, Oa?e?anueeee 58,
Cono??/, Oa?e?anueeee 7) caianai? a ?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie, a 1
(Oa?e?anueeee nei?inoeaeee) – a ?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei ?in??.

14. Ca inoaii? ?iee (1996…1999 ??.) a ni?aaaoi?noa? noai?ai? 6
aenieioe?iieo a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo, c yeeo Na?oi/ ? Iiaeyae caianai? a
?a?no? ni?o?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie, Eee – aeciaiee ia?niaeoeaiei, a Iie,
Na?oica? ? E?anaiue i?ioiaeyoue aea?aeaaia ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy.

I?iiiceoe?? naeaeoe?ei?e i?aeoeoe? oa ae?iaieoeoao

1. Neoaeaai caoenoo ?ineei aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeai? e?eueeino? iiaae?a a
ia??iae “ooai?aiiy eioeea … ii/aoie oea?o?iiy”, ye iniiaiee /eiiee
iioe?aiino? oai?ia ia niiyoieeo a ia??iae eiai aaaaoaoe?? aeey
caaacia/aiiy eiio?ieth ca iioe?ai?noth oai?ia ? i?aai?caoe?? caoiae?a
caoenoo eoeueoo?e.

2. Eiio?ieueii-ian?ii?aei eaai?aoi??yi aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaoiae aeyaeaiiy
i?eoiaaii? oi?ie caoaeiee?a oai?ia, aeey aecia/aiiy iin?aieo ia?o?e
niiyoieeo, ye? iio?aaothoue ciaca?aaeoaaiiy.

3. Naeaeoe?eiei onoaiiaai:

— ioe?ieo niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? ? n??i? aieeae ia
?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo ?ineei i?iaiaeeoe ie?aii aei eiaeiiai caoaeieea.
Aeey ?iieoethio aeei?enoiaoaaoe ooaie c aenieith iaeoie?oe/iith
aeoeai?noth oa?iaio?a ia 6 oa 11 aeiao eiai ?inoo ia ??aeeiio
aeeaeeueiiio na?aaeiaeu?;

— ioe?ieo niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeieea oiiiineno i?iaiaeeoe a
oiiaao oaieeoe? c aeei?enoaiiyi 5…6-aeaiii? i?oeae?aeueii? eoeueoo-?e
a?eaa. ?ineeie ca?aaeaoe a ia??iae 3…4 ia? ni?aaaei?o eenoe?a
i?eeeaaeaiiyi 0,5 ni aeenea i?oeae?th, ae?iuaiiai ia
ea?oiieyii-aetheiciiio aaa??, a i?noea c’?aeiaiiy /a?aoea c noaaeii.
?ieoaoaaoe ca?aaeai? ?ineeie i?ioyaii 10 aei?a i?e aieiaino? 80% ?
oaiia?aoo?? +24…26°N;

— aeey ioe?iee no?eeino? noiae?a niiyoieeo a iieueiaeo oiiaao aei
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea aiineoe a eoieo i?e n?aa?
ian?iiy 2…3 neea?ioe??a caoaeieea a?ei? aiee? ?ici??ii 0,2…0,3 ni,
aai 100 ia/eoieo iiae??aiaiiai ian?iiy, o?aaeaiiai neea?ioei?icii a
i?e?iaeieo oiiaao (aeey ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio caoaeieea a?ei? aiee?) /e
100ia/eoieo iiae??aiaiiai ian?iiy, o?aaeaiiai a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao
caoaeieeii n??i? aiee? (aeey ?ioaeoe?eiiai oiio caoaeieea n??i? aiee?);

– aeey ioe?iee no?eeino? noaaae niiyoieeo aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
oa eioee?a aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ? Botrytis cinerea ca?aaeaoe
?ineeie oeaieiaie ?c o?aaeaieo iaoiaaiii a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao noaaae aai
eioee?a. I?e ioe?ioe? noaaae ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeieea a?ei? aiee?
?iieoethi i?eeeaaeaoe aei i?eei?aiaai? /anoeie ?ineei a ia??iae ?o
aooii?caoe?? ? i?eneiaoe aieiaei ??oioii, a i?e oanooaaii? eioee?a –
i?ae iaai?oeiaee eeno a ia??iae iiaeiao?iiy;

— ??aaiue ai?noo naoa??a a /a?aoeao eenoe?a a ia??iae aooii?caoe??
?ineei ? eioeeao a ia??iae ?o iiaeiao?iiy aeei?enoiaoaaoe ye ia?ea?io
iciaeo no?eeino? c?ace?a aei Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;

i?e eiino?othaaii? a?o?oaeoii?ee ?ineei niiyoieeo ne?ae noai-

?thaaoe aaiioeie c ieiuath eenoiai? iiaa?oi? aei 65 aei2, aenioith
noaaea – 111,3…167 ni, c aaaaoaoe?eiei ia??iaeii aei 90 aei?a;

— ca?a?no?iaai? a eaoaeic? ?? ?i. A.ss. TH?’?aa naiicaieeai? e?i??
niiyoieeo (?? ?a?no?aoe?? 2001…2153) aeei?enoiaoaaoe a yeino?
aaouee?anueeeo oi?i i?e noai?aii? aenieino?eeeo aei iaoiaai?a oa
aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo ? aenieiie?eieo a?a?eae?a niiyoieeo.

4. Aeey ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ae?iaieoeoai ?aeiiaiaeothoueny oae? ni?oe ?
a?a?eaee niiyoieeo: Oa?e?anueeee 3, Oa?e?anueeee 7, Oa?e?anueeee 49,
Oa?e?anueeee 58, Na?oi/, Cono??/, Iiaeyae, Eee.

Nienie iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??

Noaoo? a iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo

1. Ee?e/aiei A.A., Aeieaiaa I.I., Aiaeei I.O., Iao?aieiaa A.I. Iecue-
ei?ine? a?a?eaee niiyoieea aeey aia?aicaa??aath/eo ? aeieia?/ii /enoeo
oaoiieia?e // Naeaeoe?y ? ian?iieoeoai. – E.: O?iaeae. – 1992. – Aei.
71. – N. 41-45. (Iniaenoee aianie 25%. I?iaaaeaii ocaaaeueiaiiy aeaieo,
noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

2. Aeieaiaa I.I., Iao?aieiaa A.I., O?enoioi?iaa A.A., Eiaaeaiei I.I.
Niin?a ioe?iee niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue i?ioe neea?ioei?ico ? aiee? n??i?

// Naeaeoe?y ? ian?iieoeoai. – E.: O?iaeae. – 1992. – Aei. 71. –
N. 45-50. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?).

3. Aeieaiaa A.I., Iao?aieiaa A.I. Eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee ii caueoa
iiaenieia/ieea io caaieaaaiee // Oaoie/aneea eoeueoo?u. – 1992. – ? 4 –
5 – 6. – N. 11-15. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

4. Ee?e/aiei A.A., Iao?aieiaa A.I. Nicaeaiea nei?iniaeuo ni?oia e
aea?eaeia, onoie/eauo e aieaciyi // Oaoie/aneea eoeueoo?u. – 1993. – ?1.
– N. 6-7. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

5. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Ieoaeeiaa A.I., Eiaaeaiei I.I. Ioeaiea
naeae-oeeiiiiai iaoa?eaea ia onoie/eainoue e oiiiineno // Oaoie/aneea
eoeueoo?u. – 1993. – ?1. – N. 7-8. (Iniaenoee aianie 70%. I?iaaaeai?
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai?
aeniiaee).

6. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Aeieaiaa A.I., Ieoaeeiaa A.I., Eiaaeaiei I.I.
?acoeueoaou oeoiyenia?oecu naiyi iiaenieia/ieea // Oaoie/aneea
eoeueoo?u, – 1993. – ?1. – N. 9-10. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. Aecia/ai?
caoaeieee oai?ia, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

7. Iao?aieiaa A.I. Auaeeaaaiinoue neea?ioeeaa aicaoaeeoaey aaeie aieee
// Caueoa ?anoaiee. – 1994. – ?4. – N. 20.

8. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Aeieaiaa A.I. Cia/aiea eioaeoeeiiiiai oiia a
naeaeoeee iiaenieia/ieea ia onoie/eainoue e aaeie aieee // A?niee
aa?a?ii? iaoee. – E. – 1995. – ?1. – N. 60-63. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%.
A?ae?a?ai? no?ee? a?ioeie, noai?ai? e?i?? c aenieith no?ee?noth,
ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

9. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Aeieaiaa A.I. Aieacie iiaenieia/ieea ia Oe?aeia //
Caueoa e ea?aioei ?anoaiee. – 1996. – ?5. – N. 41-42. (Iniaenoee aianie
50%. Ocaaaeueiai? aeai? oa noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

10.Petrenkova V.P., Kirichenko V.V., Krivoshejeva N.V., Kosova V.V.
Sunflower gene pool testing for desease susceptibility and affection
rate //EUCARPIA Section Oil and Protein Crops. Symposium on Breding for,
Oil and Protein Crops 5-8 August, 1996, Zaporozhye, Ukraine. – 1996. –
P. 196-198. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. I?iaaaeaia ioe?iea niiyoieeo ia
no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai?
aeniiaee).

11.Iao?aieiaa A.I. Iaoiaee noai?aiiy naeaeoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo niiyo-ieeo
no?eeiai aei a?ei? oa n??i? aieeae // Naeaeoe?y ? ian?iieoeoai. –
Oa?e?a. – 1996. – Aei. 76. – N. 47-50.

12. Aeieaiaa I.I., Iao?aieiaa A.I. Noaae?y a?io?ioiiai oeio aeeaeaiiy o
iae?io?ioieo ia?aceo?a ia i?eeeaae? caoaeieea a?ei? aiee? niiyo-ieeo //
Naeaeoe?y ? ian?iieoeoai. – Oa?e?a, 1996. – Aei. 77. – N. 6-9.
(Iniaenoee aianie 50%. I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

13. Iao?aieiaa A.I. I?eoiaaia oi?ia caoaeiee?a // Caoeno ?ineei. – 1997.
– ?4. – N. 12-13.

14. Iao?aieiaa A.I. Eioaa?e?iaaiiua iaoiaeu caueou iiaenieia/ieea io
aaeie aieee // A?niee aa?a?ii? iaoee. – 1997. – ?10. – N. 34-37.

15. Iao?aieiaa A.I. No?ee? ni?oe oa a?a?eaee // Caoeno ?ineei. – 1997. –
?11. – N. 12-13.

16.Iao?aieiaa A.I., E?eaioa?aa I.A., ?iaeea?i A.A. Aaiaoe/ia oe?ii?noue
e?i?e niiyoieeo // Naeaeoe?y ? ian?iieoeoai. – Oa?e?a, 1997. – Aei. 79.
– N. 21-24. (Iniaenoee aianie 80%. I?iaaaeaii no?auoaaiiy no?eeeo e?i?e
niiyoieeo, aecia/aia ?o caaaeueia oa niaoeeo?/ia eiia?ia-oe?eia
caeaoi?noue, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

17.E?niaee I.I., Ne?eiiee I.A., Ee?e/aiei A.A., Iao?aieiaa A.I. Oiiiinen
//Caoeno ?ineei. – 1998. – ? 10. – N. 11. (Iniaenoee aianie 25%.
I?iaaaeaia ioe?iea naiicaieeaieo e?i?e niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei
caoaeieea oiiiineno, aecia/ai? aenieino?ee? e?i??).

18.Iao?aieiaa A.I., E?eaioa?aa I.A., ?iaeea?i A.A. Iae?io?ioi? iaoiaaie
//Caoeno ?ineei. – 1998. – ? 10. – N. 12-13. (Iniaenoee aianie 80%.
I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ocaaaeueiai? aeai?,
noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

Aaoi?nuee? na?aeioeoaa

19. A.n. ia ni?o ?ineei ? 325. Niiyoiee Na?oi/ /A.I. Iao?aieiaa,
A.A. Ee?e/aiei, A.Ae. Aoiaithe, C.E. Aeaaeue?ia, A.?. Iiayeaei,
E.A. Aiiaea?aiei /Oe?a?ia/. – ? 82404; Cayaeaii 20.11.92. (Iniaenoee
aianie 10%. Noai?ai? ?ioaeoe?ei? oiie, a?ae?a?ai? no?ee? oi?ie, noai?ai?
no?ee? e?i??).

20. A.n. ia ni?o ?ineei ? 770. Niiyoiee Iiaeyae /A.I. Iao?aieiaa,
A.A. Ee?e/aiei, C.E. Aeaaeue?ia, A.Ae. Aoiaithe, A.?. Iiayeaei,
E.A. Aiiaea?aiei /Oe?a?ia/. – ? 94017002; Cayaeaii 28.10.94. (Ini-aenoee
aianie 10%. Noai?ai? ?ioaeoe?ei? oiie, a?ae?a?ai? no?ee? oi?ie, noai?ai?
no?ee? e?i??).

21. Na?aeioeoai i?i ?a?no?aoe?th c?ace?a aaiioiiaeo ?ineei a Oe?a?i? ?1.
Niiyoiee – e?i?? a?aeiiaieee oa?oeeueiino?: O 711, O 712, O 720, O 762,
O 782 /A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.A. Ee?e/aiei, E.I. Iaeeye, C.E. Aeaaeue?ia,
A.Ae. Aoiaithe, A.?. Iiayeaei, A.?. Neaaiei /Oe?a?ia/. – ? 000001;
Cayaeaii 19.07.96; Ca?a?no?iaaii a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio oeaio?? aaiaoe/ieo
?ano?n?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie a 1996 ?ioe?. (Iniaenoee aianie 25%. I?iaaaeaia
ioe?iea ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, aea/aia aaiaoe/ia
oe?ii?noue e?i?e).

22. Na?aeioeoai i?i ?a?no?aoe?th c?ace?a aaiioiiaeo ?ineei a Oe?a?i? ?2.
Niiyoiee – e?i?? cae??iethaa/? noa?eeueiino?: O 503, O 1010, O 4353,
O 1008, O 1012, O 2552 /A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.A. Ee?e/aiei, E.I. Iaeeye,
C.E. Aeaaeue?ia, A.Ae. Aoiaithe, A.?. Iiayeaei, A.?. Neaaiei /Oe?a?ia/.
– ? 000002; Cayaeaii 19.07.96; Ca?a?no?iaaii a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio oeaio??
aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ?ineei Oe?a?ie a 1996 ?ioe?. (Iniaenoee aianie 25%.
I?iaaaeaia ioe?iea ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, aea/aia
aaiaoe/ia oe?ii?noue e?i?e).

23. Na?aeioeoai i?i ?a?no?aoe?th c?ace?a aaiioiiaeo ?ineei a Oe?a?i? ?3.
Niiyoiee – iooaioi? e?i??: IO 7249A, IO 7388A, IO 7322A
/A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.A. Ee?e/aiei, E.I. Iaeeye, C.E. Aeaaeue?ia, A.Ae.
Aoiaithe, A.?. Iiayeaei, A.?. Neaaiei /Oe?a?ia/. – ? 000003; Cayaeaii
19.07.96; Ca?a?no?iaaii a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio oeaio?? aaiaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a
?ineei Oe?a?ie a 1996 ?ioe?. (Iniaenoee aianie 25%. I?iaaaeaia ioe?iea
ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, aea/aia aaiaoe/ia oe?ii?noue
e?i?e).

Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??

24. Ioeaiea iiaenieia/ieea ia onoie/eainoue e neea?ioeieico e na?ie
aieee / E? ei. A.ss. TH?ueaaa; A.I. Aeieaiaa, A.I. Iao?aieiaa,
Y.A. O?enoioi?iaa, I.I. Eiaaeaiei. – Oa?ueeia, 1989. – 14n. (Iniaenoee
aianie 50%. Aea/aii iaoiaaii?noue a?ea?a, iaeoie?oe/io aeoeai?noue ?o
oa?iaio?a).

25. I?iaiic ?aniino?aiaiey a?aaeeoaeae, aieaciae e ni?iyeia a
Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe e ia?u ai?ueau n ieie a 1990 aiaeo. Aieacie
iiaenieia/ieea / Oa?ueeianeee iaeaa?ii?ii; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. – Oa?ueeia,
1990. – N. 83-87.

26. I?iaiic ?aniino?aiaiey a?aaeeoaeae, aieaciae e ni?iyeia a
Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe a 1991 aiaeo. Aieacie iiaenieia/ieea /Oa?ueeianeee
iaeaa?ii?ii; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. – Oa?ueeia, 1991. – N. 54-56.

27. Ioe?iea niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei oiiiineno /?? ?i. A.ss. TH?’?aa;
A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.A. Ee?e/aiei, I.I. Aeieaiaa, A.I. Ieoaeeiaa. –
Oa?e?a, 1992. – 6n. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. Aea/ai? iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo
a?eaa, a?ae?a?ai? no?ee? a?ioeie niiyoieeo, aecia/ai? aenieino?ee?
e?i??).

28. I?iaiic ?aniino?aiaiey a?aaeeoaeae, aieaciae e ni?iyeia a
Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe a 1993 aiaeo. Aieacie iiaenieia/ieea /Oa?ueeianeia
iaeanoiia oi?aaeaiea naeueneiai oicyenoaa; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. – Oa?ueeia,
1993. – N. 54-55.

29. Oaoiieiaey caueou naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo eoeueoo? io a?aaeeoaeae,
aieaciae e ni?iyeia. Iiaenieia/iee /E? ei. A.ss. TH?ueaaa, Oa?ueeianeia
iaeanoiia oi?aaeaiea naeueneiai oicyenoaa; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. – Oa?ueeia,
1993. – N. 39-41.

30. I?iaiic ?icaeoeo ? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy iniiaieo oe?aeiee?a, oai?ia ?
ao?’yi?a n.-a. ?ineei oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei ai?ioueae c ieie a
ainiiaea?noaao Oe?a?ie a 1994 ?ioe?. Oai?iae oa oe?aeieee niiyoieeo
/ I?i?noa?noai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? i?iaeiaieuenoaa Oe?a?ie,
OAAI, Oe?. aea?ae. ia’?aeiaiiy “Oe?aa?io?i”; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. – E.,
1994. – N. 57-59.

31. Oeoinaieoa?iay ianoaiiaea e ia?u ai?ueau n a?aaeeoaeyie, aieaciyie e
ni?iyeaie a Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe a 1995 aiaeo. Aieacie iiaenieia/ieea
/Oa?ueeianeia iaeanoiia oi?aaeaiea naeueneiai oicyenoaa; A.I.
Iao?aieiaa. – Oa?ueeia, 1995. – N. 21-23.

32. I?iaiic o?oinai?oa?iiai noaio aa?ioeaiic?a oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
caoenoo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ?ineei a?ae oe?aeiee?a, oai?ia oa
ao?’yi?a a ainiiaea?noaao Oe?a?ie a 1995 ?ioe?. Oai?iae oa oe?aeieee
niiyoieeo / I?i?noa?noai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? i?iaeiaieuenoaa
Oe?a?ie, OAAI, Oe?. aea?ae. ia’?aeiaiiy “Oe?aa?io?i”; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. –
E., 1995. – N. 62-63.

33. I?iaiic o?oinai?oa?iiai noaio aa?ioeaiic?a oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
caoenoo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ?ineei a?ae oe?aeiee?a, oai?ia oa
ao?’yi?a a ainiiaea?noaao Oe?a?ie a 1996 ?ioe?. Oai?iae oa oe?aeieee
niiyoieeo / I?i?noa?noai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? i?iaeiaieuenoaa
Oe?a?ie, OAAI, Oe?. aea?ae. ia’?aeiaiiy “Oe?aa?io?i”; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. –
E., 1996. – N. 59-61.

34. Eaoaeia ?aai/ae eieeaeoeee naiiiiueaiiuo eeiee iiaenieia/ieea
Einoeoooa ?anoaieaaiaenoaa ei. A.ss. TH?ueaaa /E? ei. A.ss. TH?ueaaa;
A.A. Ee?e/aiei, C.E. Aeaaeueeia, A.Ae. Aoiaithe, A.I. Iao?aieiaa, A.E.
Iiayeaei, A.I. Iaeeye, A.E. Neaaiei. – Oa?ueeia, 1996. – 83n. (Iniaenoee
aianie 25%. Noai?ai? ?ioaeoe?ei? oiie, ioe?iaiee iaoa??ae ca no?ee?noth
aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, a?ae?a?ai? no?ee? a?ioeie).

35. I?iaiic o?oinai?oa?iiai noaio aa?ioeaiic?a oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
caoenoo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ?ineei a?ae oe?aeiee?a, oai?ia oa
ao?’yi?a a ainiiaea?noaao Oe?a?ie a 1997 ?ioe?. Oai?iae oa oe?aeieee
niiyoieeo / I?i?noa?noai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? i?iaeiaieuenoaa
Oe?a?ie, OAAI, Oe?. aea?ae. ia’?aeiaiiy “Oe?aa?io?i”; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. –
E., 1997. – N. 49-50.

36. I?iaiic o?oinai?oa?iiai noaio aa?ioeaiic?a oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
caoenoo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ?ineei a?ae oe?aeiee?a, oai?ia oa
ao?’yi?a a ainiiaea?noaao Oe?a?ie a 1998 ?ioe?. Oai?iae oa oe?aeieee
niiyoieeo / I?i?noa?noai n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? i?iaeiaieuenoaa
Oe?a?ie, OAAI, Oe?. aea?ae. ia’?aeiaiiy “Oe?aa?io?i”; A.I. Iao?aieiaa. –
E., 1998. – N. 51-53.

Oace aeiiia?aeae

37. Aeieaiaa A.I., Iao?aieiaa A.I. Aeeyiea ni?oia e aea?eaeia
iiaenieia/ieea ia eiee/anoaaiiue e ea/anoaaiiue ninoaa aicaoaeeoaey
aaeie aieee // Oacenu aeieeaaeia IX Ananithciiai niaauaiey ii eiioieoaoo
?anoaiee e aieaciyi e a?aaeeoaeyi. – O. 2. – Ieine. – 1991. – N. 176.
(Iniaenoee aianie 50%. I?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

38. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Ee?e/aiei A.A. ?acenoaioiinoue enoiaeiiai iaoa?eaea
iiaenieia/ieea e iniiaiui aieaciyi // Oacenu aeieeaaeia
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai niaauaiey ii iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/aneei ia?ea?ai e
naeaeoeee ?anoaiee – E.: Aa?a?iay iaoea. – 1994. – N. 142. (Iniaenoee
aianie 50%. I?iaaaeaii ioe?ieo ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia,
aeae?eai? no?ee? c?acee).

39. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Ee?e/aiei A.A., Ieoaeeiaa A.I. Nicaeaiea enoiaeiiai
iaoa?eaea iiaenieia/ieea n a?oiiiaie onoie/eainoueth e aieaciyi //
Iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Naeaeoe?y,
ian?iieoeoai ? oaoiieia?? ae?iuoaaiiy iieueiaeo eoeueoo?”. – *a?i?aoe?:
Aoeiaeia. – 1996. – N. 68-69. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. Noai?ai?
?ioaeoe?ei? oiie, a?ae?a?ai? no?ee? a?ioeie, noai?ai? e?i?? c a?oiiaith
no?ee?noth).

40. Iao?aieiaa A.I., Ee?e/aiei A.A., E?eaioaaaa A.A. Enoiaeiue iaoa?eae
aeey naeaeoeee iiaenieia/ieea ia onoie/eainoue e iaoiaaiai // Iaoa?eaeu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai neiiiceoia “Iaoiaeieiae/aneea iniiau oi?ie?iaaiey,
aaaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey eieeaeoeee aaiaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia ?anoaiee” –
Oa?ueeia: E?. ei. A.ss. TH?ueaaa. – 1996. – N. 157. (Iniaenoee aianie
50%. I?iaaaeaia ioe?iea ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia, aecia/ai?
no?ee? c?acee).

41. Ee?e/aiei A.A., Iao?aieiaa A.I., Iaeeye A.I. Eeiee iiaenieia/ieea –
aeiii?u aunieie i?iaeoeoeaiinoe // Iaoa?eaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
neiiiceoia “Iaoiaeieiae/aneea iniiau oi?ie?iaaiey, aaaeaiey e
eniieueciaaiey eieeaeoeee aaiaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia ?anoaiee”. – Oa?ueeia:
E? ei. A.ss. TH?ueaaa. – 1996. – N. 148. (Iniaenoee aianie 40%. Aea/aia
naeaeoe?eia oe?ii?noue no?eeeo aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia e?i?e).

42. Iao?aieiaa A.I., E?eaioa?aa I.A., Einiaa A.A. No?ee?noue aaiioiiaeo
niiyoieeo aei oai?ia a oiiaao no?aeiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie //Oace
aeiiia?aeae iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/aii? 50-??//th
?inoeoooo caoenoo ?ineei “I?iaeaie caoenoo ?ineei a?ae oe?aeeeaeo
i?aai?ci?a a no/anieo aeiiii?/ieo oa aeieia?/ieo oiiaao”. – E. – 1996. –
N.54. (Iniaenoee aianie 70%. Noai?ai? ?ioaeoe?ei? oiie, i?iaaaeaia
ioe?iea aaiioiiaeo niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia,
ocaaaeueiai? aeai?, noi?iiaai? aeniiaee).

IAO?AIEIAA A.I. “Iaoeiaa ia??oiooaaiiy caoenoo niiyoieeo a?ae
iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a ia noiae? E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie”. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a
n?euenueei-ainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 06.01.11 –
o?oiiaoieia?y. – Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, Ee?a, 1998.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ae??oaiith i?iaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino?
niiyoieeo aei caoaeiee?a a?ei? aiee?, n??i? aiee?, oiiiineno.
Aeine?aeaeaii caeiiii??iino? ?icaeoeo iae?io?ioieo iaoiaai?a a nenoai?
“iaoiaai – ainiiaea? – na?aaeiaeua”, aeyaeaii iniiai? /eiieee ?o
iioe?aiino?. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee ioe?iee no?eeino? niiyoieeo aei
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Phomopsis
helianthy Munt.-Cvet. et al. ia iine?aeiaieo aoaiao aaaaoaoe?? ?ineei oa
ia??oioiaaii aoaeoeai?noue ?ioaeoe?eieo oii?a o a?aeai?? no?eeeo oi?i ?
noai?aii? aeo?aeiiai iaoa??aeo aeey naeaeoe?? niiyoieeo ia no?ee?noue
aei caoaeiee?a oai?ia. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ai?iaaaeaeai? a
naeaeoe?eio i?aeoeeo oa ainiiaea?noaa aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno
Oe?a?ie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: a?ea aieeue, n??a aieeue, oiiiinen, niiyoiee,
no?ee?noue, ioe?iea, a?aea??.

IAO?AIEIAA A.I. “Iao/iia iainiiaaiea caueou iiaenieia/ieea io
iae?io?ioiuo iaoiaaiia ia ainoiea Eaninoaie Oe?aeiu”. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.11 – oeoiiaoieiaey.
– Iaoeeiiaeueiue aa?a?iue oieaa?neoao, Eeaa, 1998.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?aoaieth i?iaeaiu iiauoaiey onoie/eainoe
iiaenieia/ieea e aicaoaeeoaeyi aaeie aieee, na?ie aieee, oiiiinena.
Enneaaeiaaiu caeiiiia?iinoe ?acaeoey iae?io?ioiuo iaoiaaiia a nenoaia
“iaoiaai – oicyei – n?aaea”, auyaeaiu iniiaiua oaeoi?u eo
?ani?ino?aiaiey. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi noiia inaaeeia ca ia?eiae aaaaoaoeee
eoeueoo?u yaeyaony iniiaiui oaeoi?ii eo ?ani?ino?aiaiey. I?e yoii
eiee/anoai inaaeeia a ia?eiae “oi?ie?iaaiea ei?ceiee … ia/aei
oeaaoaiey” ii?aaeaeyaony eae neaiaeueiia e aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
i?iaiice?iaaoue ?acaeoea yoeo caaieaaaiee a oa/aiea aaaaoaoeee. Aaaeiia
cia/aiea eiatho aeieiae/aneea e oicyenoaaiii-oeaiiua iieacaoaee
aaiioeiia iiaenieia/ieea. ?acaeoea aaeie aieee iieiaeeoaeueii
ei??aee?oao n aeeeiie aaaaoaoeeiiiiai ia?eiaea e ieiuaaeueth eenoiaie
iiaa?oiinoe, na?ie aieee – n aunioie ?anoaiey e ieiuaaeueth eenoiaie
iiaa?oiinoe, oiiiinena – n aeeeiie aaaaoaoeeiiiiai ia?eiaea, ieiuaaeueth
eenoiaie iiaa?oiinoe e i?iaeoeoeaiinoueth. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi naiaia
yaeythony iaeiei ec iniiaiuo enoi/ieeia eioaeoeee e aaia?aoe/aneay ciia
au?aueaaiey iiaenieia/ieea aeeyao ia aeaeiaie ninoaa iaoiaaiia a
naiaiiii iaoa?eaea. Ii?aaeaeaiu ?aaeiiu i?aaenoaaeythuea oa?ico
?ani?ino?aiaiey aieaciae ia iiaenieia/ieea. Iainiiaaii, /oi
oeoiyenia?oeca iinaaiuo ia?oee naiyi ia iaee/ea iaoiaaiia iicaieyao
auyaeoue eo ninoaa e iaania/eoue caueoo iinaaiie ia?oee. ?ac?aaioaiu
iaoiaeu ioeaiee onoie/eainoe iiaenieia/ieea e Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Lib) de Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Phomopsis helianthy Munt.-Cvet. et
al. ia iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo yoaiao aaaaoaoeee ?anoaiee e iainiiaaia
yooaeoeaiinoue eioaeoeeiiiuo oiiia a ioai?a onoie/eauo oi?i e nicaeaiee
enoiaeiiai iaoa?eaea aeey naeaeoeee iiaenieia/ieea ia onoie/eainoue e
aicaoaeeoaeyi caaieaaaiee. ?ac?aaioai iaoiae ioeaiee naeaeoeeiiiiai
iaoa?eaea iiaenieia/ieea ia onoie/eainoue e aicaoaeeoaeyi aaeie e na?ie
aieeae a eaai?aoi?iuo oneiaeyo. Nicaeaiu naiiiiueaiiua eeiee, o eioi?uo
a I4 iieo/aiu i?i?inoee iaaini?eei/eaua e ca?aaeaieth Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum e a I2 neaaiaini?eei/eau e ca?aaeaieth Botrytis cinerea.
?ac?aaioai iaoiae ioeaiee onoie/eainoe iiaenieia/ieea e aicaoaeeoaeth
oiiiinena a oneiaeyo eneonnoaaiiiai eeeiaoa. Auaeaeaiu onoie/eaua e
neaaiaini?eei/eaua naeaeoeeiiiua iiia?a. ?ac?aaioaiu iaoiaeu ioeaiee
iiaenieia/ieea ia onoie/eainoue anoiaeia, noaaeae e ei?ceiie a iieaauo
oneiaeyo e aicaoaeeoaeyi aaeie e na?ie aieeae. Nicaeaiu naiiiiueaiiua
eeiee n aunieie onoie/eainoueth noaaeae e ei?ceiie e Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum. ?ac?aaioai einaaiiue iaoiae ioeaiee iiaenieia/ieea ia
onoie/eainoue e Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Onoaiiaeaia ?acieoea ii
niaea?aeaieth naoa?ia a /a?aoeao onoie/eauo e aini?eei/eauo ia?acoeia,
/oi e yaeyaony ia?ea?iui i?eciaeii aeey ii?aaeaeaiey onoie/eainoe.
?ac?aaioai iaoiae ii?aaeaeaiey ne?uoie oi?iu aicaoaeeoaeae caaieaaaiee.
Iniiaiua ?acoeueoaou ?aaiou aiaae?aiu a naeaeoeeiiioth i?aeoeeo e
oicyenoaa aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena Oe?aeiu. Iaoiaeaie
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai ioai?a e naiiiiueaiey ?anoaiee ia eioaeoeeiiiii oiia
nicaeaia ?aai/ay eieeaeoeey 153 eeiee iiaenieia/ieea. Nicaeaii e
ia?aaeaii a ainoaea?noaaiiia ni?oieniuoaiea 12 ni?oia e aea?eaeia
iiaenieia/ieea, ec eioi?uo 7 aianaiu a ?aano? ni?oia ?anoaiee Oe?aeiu, 1
– a ?aano? ni?oia ?anoaiee ?innee, 1 – a ?aano? ia?niaeoeaiuo aeey
au?aueaaiey a Oe?aeia, 3 – i?ioiaeyo ainoaea?noaaiiia ni?oieniuoaiea.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aaeay aieeue, na?ay aieeue, oiiiinen, iiaenieia/iee,
onoie/eainoue, ioeaiea, ioai?.

Petrenkova V.P. “Scientific substantiation of sunflower protection from
necrotrophic pathogens in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine”. –
Manuscript.

The thesis for a doctor’s degree in Agriculture on the speciality
06.01.11 – Phytopathology. – National Agricultural University, Kiev,
1998.

The thesis deals with solving the problem on improvement of sunflower’s
resistance to the pathogenes of cottony, bud rots and phomopsis. The
objective laws of necrotrophic pathogenes’ development in the’
“pathogene – host – envirinment” system were investigated; the main
factors for their distribution were revealed. Some methods for
evaluation of sunflower resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de
Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Phomopsis helianthy Munt.-Cvet. et al. at
the successive stages of plant vegetation were elaborated and there was
substantiated the efficiency of infective backgrounds during screening
of resistant forms and the development of the original materials for
sunflower breeding for resistance to pathogenes. The major results of
investigation have been introduced into breeding practice and on some
farms of the agroindustrial complex of Ukraine.

Key words: cottony rot, bud rot, phomopsis, sunflower, resistance,
evaluation, screening.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 15.02.99 ?. Oi?iao 60 ??????????

Oiiaieo ae?oe. a?e. 2,0. Oe?aae 100 i?ei. Caiiaeaiiy ?35

?ioai?eio ?inoeoooo ?ineeiieoeoaa ?i. A.ss. TH?’?aa OAAI

310060, i. Oa?e?a, i?iniaeo Iineianueeee, 142

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