I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE
IAOe?IIAEUeIA A??IE*A AEAAeAI?ss OE?A?IE
Aeaieuaiei Ieaenaiae? Aaea??eiae/
OAeE 622.625.5
IAA?OIOOAAIIss IA?AIAO??A OA OAOIIEIA?*IEO NOAI CANOINOAAIIss EAIAOIEO
IAAeA?OIOIAEO AeI??A I?Ae *AN I?IAAAeAIIss A??IE*EO AE?IAIE
Niaoe?aeuei?noue: 05.05.06 – “A??ie/? iaoeie”
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaoe?iiaeuei?? a??ie/?e aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ?aiaaae/ Ieaenaiae?
Ieaenaiae?iae/, Iaoe?iiaeueia a??ie/a aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie, i?ioani?
eaoaae?e ?oaeieeiaiai o?ainii?oo.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Naiony Aieiaeeie?
?ee?/, Iaoe?iiaeueia a??ie/a aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
a??ie/i? iaoai?ee,
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe Oaiaea?iae/ TH??e Iienaeiae/, ea??aiee a?oie
iaoai?e?a AAO “?inoeooo Aei?i?iae?i?ioaoo”.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie
(i. Aeiiaoeuee).
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 6 ” aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 1400 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Ae 08.080.06 i?e Iaoe?iiaeuei?e a??ie/?e aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie (320027, i.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee,
i?ini. E. Ia?ena, 19).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueii?
a??ie/i? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 4 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe I.A. Aioeeoa?ia
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. O aoa?euei?e i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie iei?
?ic?iaey?oueny 47 iieiainiaaeieo oaooiieano?a (Cao?aeiee Aeiiaan oa
Euea?anueei-Aieeinueeee aanaei – oaeeo 100%). I?e ?o i?aeaioiaoe?
iaiao?aeii i?ioiaeeoe a??ie/? ae?iaee ?c neeaaeiei i?io?eai oeyoo, ui
iathoue ci?iiee eoo iaoeeo a?ae 0 aei 6° ? i?ioyaei?noue aei 2500 i
(o?eueee o aea?aeaai?e oieaeeiaia?e eiiiai?? (AeOE) “Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey”
– aei noa e?eiiao??a ia ??e). O?aaeeoe?ei? caniae oa noaie
o?ainii?ooaaiiy ia caaacia/othoue iio??aieo oaii?a i?ioiaeee (iiiaae
250i ia i?nyoeue) oa aaciaeo ?ia?o. Noa?a canoinoaaiiy aeaeo?iaicii?
a?aeeaoee, ca?aeii c aeiiaaie I?aaee aaciaee (IA), iaiaaeo?oueny
iaoeeaie oeyoo aei 50‰. E?ioeaao eaiaoio a?aeeaoeo ia iiaeia
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ia ciaeici?iiiio i?io?e? oeyoo. Aoaeoeai?noue eiiaa???a
cieaeo?oueny ia?aeaeueiei aeiiii?aeiei caniaii o?ai-nii?oo, neeaaei?noth
?iciiae?eo aaioaaeiiioie?a aoa?eey oa ii?iaee, ianoaa?euei?noth ?iaioe a
iaaiaeiaieo ae?iaeao.
O oeeo oiiaao ia?niaeoeai? aeey o?ainii?ooaaiiy a??ie/i? iane,
iaoa??ae?a, iaeaaeiaiiy oa ethaeae eaiaoi? iaaea?oioia? aei?iae (AeEI),
ui canoiniaothoueny aeey aeiiii?aeiiai o?ainii?oo. Ca a?aenooiino?
aeueoa?iaoeaieo aa??aio?a aiie ciaeoee canoinoaaiiy ia oaooao AeOE
“Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey”, iaeiae ?nioth/? eiino?oeoe?? AeEI iaiiaiith i??ith
i?enoiniaai? aei ?iaioe ye iniiaiee o?ainii?oiee can?a i?e i?ioiaeaeaii?
ae?iaie. Oea aeyaey?oueny o ?o iecuee?e i?iaeoeoeaiino?, iaaeinoaoi?e
aeiaaia?/iino? iniiaieo aeaiaio?a (oyaiaiai eaiaoa, i?aeo?eioth/eo
?ieee?a, aaaeo/iai oe?aa), aenieiio ??ai? aeeiai?/ieo iaaaioaaeaiue o
eaiao?, ianaieoe?iiiaaieo aeeth/aiiyo ia?aoooii? nenoaie AeEI i?e
ia?aaeuaii? aeiionoeii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo ninoaaa. Aeey oe?ieiai
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oeeo onoaiiaie o ?ie? a??ie/ii?io?aeieoeueeiai
o?ainii?oiiai caniao iaiao?aeii i?iaiae?coaaoe oiiae ?o aeei?enoaiiy,
?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo ?ic?a-ooieo oa iaa?oiooaaoe iniiai? ia?aiao?e
(iiooaei?noue i?eaiaeii? noaioe??, e?euee?noue aeaeo?iaeaeaoi?a,
a?ae?iianin?a oa a?ae?iiioi??a, ae?aiao? oyaiaiai eaiaoa oa oaeaee?noue
eiai ?ooo, ?aoe?iiaeueiee caeii ci?ie oaeaeeino? i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa i?e
ioneo oa aaeueioaaii?), oaeineiiaeeoe eiino?oeoe?th ie?aieo aoce?a. Oiio
ia-a?oiooaaiiy ?aaeei?a ?iaioe AeEI oa oaoiieia?/ieo noai ?o
canoinoaaiiy i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie – aeooaeueia
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia caaea/a.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioe uiaei
noai?aiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ia oaooao Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano ?aeeiaeo
eaiaoieo aei??a ye ?aeeiiai o?ainii?oiiai caniao i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy
ae?iaie aeeiioaaeanue o IAA Oe?a?ie c o/anoth aaoi?a (1980–1993 ??.) ca
ieaiaie IAe?, ocaiaeaeaieie c I?iaoaeai?iiii Oe?a?ie oa AI
“Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey” (ae/o: 010311, 010517, 010522, 010525, 010529) i?ae
ea??aieoeoaii aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?io. I.I. ?aiaaae/a.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa ?iaioe – iaa?oiooaaiiy iniiaieo
ia?aiao-??a oa oaoiieia?/ieo noai canoinoaaiiy eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo
aei??a (AeEI), ui caaacia/othoue caaeaio i?iaeoeoeai?noue oa
aeiaaia?/i?noue a oiiaao a??ie/ii?i-o?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy icia/aiiai aeua ae??oothoueny ianooii? caaea/?:
?ic?iaeoe iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?ee AeEI i?ae
/an ia?ao?aeieo oa noaoe?iia?ieo ?aaeei?a ?? ?iaioe oa aecia/eoe
iioeiaeueiee caeii ci?ie oaeaeeino? i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa i?e ioneo oa
aaeueioaaii?; aeeiiaoe aenieoaoaoe?ei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?ee AeEI o
oaooieo oiiaao; aeine?aeeoe eiioaeoio aca?iiae?th eaiao?a, ?ieee?a oa
oe?a?a AeEI ? ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei i?aeaeuaiiy ?o
aeiaaia?/iino?; ii?aoethaaoe oaoiieia?/i? noaie canoinoaaiiy AeEI i?e
i?ioiaeaeaii? ae?iaie.
?aeay ?iaioe iieyaa? o eiiieaeniiio niieo/aii? oaoiieia?/ieo aeiia aei
eaiaoii? iaaea?oioiai? aei?iae ye iniiaiiai o?ainii?oiiai caniao i?e
i?ioiaeaeaii? a??ie/eo ae?iaie oa iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? aeeiai?ee AeEI ye
?aeeii? aeaeo?ia?ae?iiaoai?/ii? nenoaie.
Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue. Iinoaaeai? caaea/? ae??ooaaeeny oeyoii
ocaaaeueiaiiy oa aiae?co e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae, a oaeiae o oiae?
oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue. Oai?aoe/ia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?ee AeEI aeeiiaii iaoiaeii iaoaiaoe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy ia IAII, a aenia?eiaioaeuei? – o oaooieo oiiaao ia
na??eieo iaoeiao. Ia?iaea iaea?aeaieo aeaieo oa ia?aa??ea aaeaeaaoiino?
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? – ca iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee.
Iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:
Canoinoaaiiy eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a iniiaiei o?ainii?oiei caniaii
i?ae /an i?ioiaeaeaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie aea? ciiao i?aeaeueoe
oaeaee?noue i?ioiaeee aei 250–300 i ia i?nyoeue ?c cieaeaiiyi
o?oaeii?noeino? ?ia?o oa i?aeaeuaiiyi ?o aaciaee.
Iioeiaeuei? ia?aiao?e iacaaiiai aeua oeio aei??a iiaeii? aecia/aoeny i?e
noi?niiio aiae?c? oaoiieia?/ieo aeiia aei ?o canoinoaaiiy ye iniiaiiai
o?ainii?oiiai caniao i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie oa aeeiai?/ieo
i?ioean?a o aeaeo?ia?ae?iiaoai?/i?e nenoai? AeEI, ui ?icaeyaea?oueny ye
nenoaia c ?iciiae?eaieie ia?aiao?aie c o?aooaaiiyi ci?iiino? i?io?eth
?aeeiaiai oeyoo, noeneeaino? ?iai/i? ??aeeie o a?ae?inenoai? oa
?oeioaaiiy a?ae ooiieaiino? eaiaoa. Ia eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino?,
aeiaaia?/i?noue eaiaoa oa aiie?ooaeo oaeaeeino? ?ooo ninoaaa iaea?eueoa
aieeaathoue i?io?eue ?aeeiaiai oeyoo oa caeii ci?ie oaeaeeino?
i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa i?ae /an ioneo e aaeueioaaiiy; iioeiaeueiei i?e
oeueiio ? e?i?eiee caeii ci?ie oaeaeeino?.
I?aeaeuaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? (o 2–2,5 ?aca) oyaiaeo eaiao?a,
i?aeo?eioth/eo ?ieee?a oa aaaeo/eo oe?a?a AeEI caaacia/o?oueny oeyoii
iaiaaeaiiy eiao?oe??ioa aeeiai?/iino? coneeue o eaiao? i?ae /an ioneo oa
aaeueioaaiiy onoaiiaee aei kAe ( 1,4, ciaioaiiy eooa ia?aaeio eaiaoa ia
?ieeeo aei 1,5° i?e ne?eaeaii? o?ane oa canoanoaaii? iaeiiiaoaaoiiai
i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa ?c ci?iiith i?oaeiith oooa??aeith.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a:
oia?oa iaa?oioiaai? aeioe?euei?noue oa aoaeoeai?noue eaiaoieo
iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a ye iniiaiiai o?ainii?oiiai caniao i?ae /an
i?iaaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie ?c caaacia/aiiyi iaiao?aeieo aeeiai?/ieo
?aaeei?a ?iaioe onoaiiaee;
oia?oa i?iaiae?ciaaia aeeiai?ea AeEI c o?aooaaiiyi oaoiieia?/ieo aeiia
?? canoinoaaiiy iniiaiei o?ainii?oiei caniaii i?ae /an i?ioiaeaeaiiy
a??ie/eo ae?iaie;
oia?oa iaa?oioiaai? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a aeeiai?/iino? AeEI c oiia
i?oeiino? oa caaeaii? aeiaaia?/iino?, a oaeiae iaeiacaiiy eaiaoa ia
oe?a?;
onoaiiaeaii, ui ioneiaa i?enei?aiiy AeEI ia iiaeiia ia?aaeuoaaoe 0,2
i/n2, aaeuei?aia oiia?eueiaiiy 0,8 i/n2 i?e i?aeeii? oa 0,5 i/n2 i?e
nioneo ninoaao;
iieacaii, ui cia/ia ciaioaiiy aeeiai?/ieo iaaaioaaeaiue o oyaiaiio
eaiao? oa aiie?ooaee oaeaeeino? ninoaaa AeEI aeinyaa?oueny ca oiiae t? =
ON (tP – /an ?icaiio; ON – ia??iae aeiooaieo eieeaaiue nenoaie).
Iaoeiaa oa i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
Iaoeiaa cia/aiiy – o oai?aoe/iiio iaa?oiooaaii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueiiio
i?aeoaa?aeaeaii? caeaaeiino? iniiaieo ia?aiao??a AeEI a?ae oaoiieia?/ieo
ia?aiao??a canoinoaaiiy ye iniiaiiai o?ainii?oiiai caniao i?ae /an
i?iaaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie oa aeeiai?/ieo i?ioean?a o oiae?
ia?ao?aeieo oa noaoe?iia?ieo ?aaeei?a ?? ?iaioe.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee aeai?o ia?aiao??a AeEI
ia IAII, iaa?oiooaaii? oai?aoe/ieo ??oaiue c oaeineiiaeaiiy eiino?oeoe??
oa oaoiieia?/ieo noai aeei?enoaiiy AeEI i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie.
?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? ai?iaaaeaeai?
o aeaeyae? oaoiieia?/ieo noai o?ainii?ooaaiiy oa iaoiaeeee aeai?o
ia?aiao??a AeEI ia oaooao AeOE “Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey”.
Aeinoia??i?noue ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. Aeinoia??i?noue iaea?aeaieo
?acoeueoao?a i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ianooiiei: canoinoaaiiyi a oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo aei?iaoaaieo ia i?aeoeoe? iaoiae?a oai??? aeeiai?ee
iaoei, aeaeo?i- oa a?ae?ii?eaiaea; i?iaaaeaiiyi aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue o oaooieo oiiaao ia na??eiiio iaeaaeiaii? ca aeiiiiiaith
no/anii? aei??thaaeueii? oaoi?ee; caaeia?eueiei aeey i?aeoeee ca?aii
oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo coneeue o eaiao? (12% c
iaae?eiith ?iia??i?noth 0,95).
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi?ii aeena?oaoe?? aecia/ai? iaoa, ?aeay
?iaioe, caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy, noi?ioeueiaai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy,
aeniiaee, ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, i?iaiae?ciaai? oa ocaaaeueiai? ?acoeueoaoe
oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo “I?iaeaie i?enei?aiiy
iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano o a??ie/?e i?iieneiaino?” (i.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1986), “Iaae?ei?noue nenoai oa iaoei
a??ie/i-o?ainii?oieo eiiieaen?a” (i. Ee?a, 1987), “Noai, iai?yiee
aaeineiiaeaiiy oa iaoiaee aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy i?aecaiiiai
o?ainii?oo ia a??ie/eo i?aei?e?inoaao” (i. Ai?e?aea, 1991),
“Iaae?ei?noue oa ye?noue a??ie/eo iaoei ? iaeaaeiaiiy” (i. Iineaa,
1991), tha?eaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo, i?enay/aieo 75-??//th eaoaae?e
?oaeieeiaiai o?ainii?oo IAA Oe?a?ie (i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1997) oa
80-??//th c aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy i?ioani?a A.I. Io?c?ia (i.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee) ? i?aeeaoaae?aeueiiio nai?ia?? a IAA Oe?a?ie (i.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1999), iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo ?aaeao AeOE
“Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey” (i. Iaaeia?aae, 1990–1995 ??.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? o 14 noaooyo
oa 2 aaoi?nueeeo na?aeioeoaao.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
/ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ia 122 n. iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, 43
iaethie?a, 17 oaaeeoeue, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae c 101 iacae oa
o?ueio aeiaeaoe?a.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? ?iaioe ?icaeyioo? iniiaiiieiaei? i?aoe? uiaei
aeine?aeaeaiue onoaiiaie c eaiaoiei oyaiaei i?aaiii, ye? a?aeiinyoueny
aei oaooiiai iiaeeiio. O ieo, cie?aia, eaeaoueny i?i oaeineiiaeaiiy
o?ce/ii? iiaeae? eaiaoa a?ae i?oaeii? iaaaaiii? aei i?oaeii-a’ycei?
aaaiii? ieoee ci?iii? aeiaaeeie (I.I. Aeeiiee, I.I. Eieoei, I.I.
Ia?iiia, A.I. Naa?i, I.I. Ai?ioei,
O.A. Oei?einueeee, I.O. Aeooei oa ?i.), aeine?aeaeaia aca?iiae?y eaiaoa
c ?ioeie aeaiaioaie i?aei?iaeueii? onoaiiaee (I.I. Aieoaaioeaa, E.A.
Eieinia, A.O. Noiey?/oe,
A.I. *a?iaeeo oa ?i.). Iacaaaeath/e ia aaeeeo e?euee?noue caaaeueieo
eiino?oeoeaieo iniaeeainoae eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a c
i?aei?iaeueieie onoaiiaeaie, aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?o ?ic?aooieia? noaie aeey
aiae?co i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny o AeEI, ia iiaeia. Oea noino?oueny
? no??/eiaeo eiiaa???a oa e?eueoeaaeo eaiaoieo aei??a.
Cia/iee aianie o noai?aiiy oa oaeineiiaeaiiy a?o/eciyieo eaiaoieo
iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a c?iaeee a/ai? IAI “Aoaeaiaoai?caoe?y” I.N.
Eociaoeia, A.I. Aaia?aeia, A.A. Aooaiianueeee. Oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeeiai?ee AeEI i?iaaee N.A. Ooaae?ia, A.A. Eio (aeaeo?iiaoai?/iee
i?eaiae c aneio?iiei aeaeaoiii ci?iiiai no?oio), E.I. Neaaeia, I.?.
E?aaoeia (i?eaiae c a?ae?iioooith), I.N. Eociaoeia (a?ae?iia’?iiee
i?eaiae), i?ioa o ?oi?o i?aoeyo ia a?aoiaai? oaoiieia?/i? aeiiae aei
AeEI i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie, ci?ii?noue i?io?eth ?aeeiaiai oeyoo,
noeneea?noue ?iai/i? ??aeeie o a?ae?inenoai? oa ?oeioaaiiy a?ae
ooiieaiino? eaiaoa.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny o AeEI
i?iaaaeai?
A. Aaaia?ii, A. Aiaeai, O. A?iieueaeii, A.A. Oea/aiei, I.N. Eociaoeiaei
oa ?io. Oe? aeine?aeaeaiiy noaaeee nai?th iaoith aecia/eoe o? /e ?io?
ia?aiao?e onoaiiaee ? i?iaiaeeeenue ia aei?iaoaaeueieo noaiaeao.
Cia/iee aianie a aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? eaiao?a o aca?iiae?? c
aeieaie (oe?aaie) c?iaeee
I.?. Aeoeaeuenueeee, I.I. Ianoa?ia, O.I. Aeooei, E.A. Eieinia, N.O.
*oeiania,
A.A. ?aaiia oa ?i. O ?iaioao oeeo aaoi??a aeaoaeueii aeine?aeaeai?
ieoaiiy caeaaeiino? aeiaaia?/iino? eaiaoo a?ae: a?aeiioaiiy ae?aiao??a
oe?aa oa eaiaoa, /anoioe ia?aaei?a ? eooa iaoaaoo aeiea eaiaoii,
iaoa??aeo aeiea ? eaiaoiiai ae?ioo. I?ioa, ?ic?iaeai? aaoi?aie
?aeiiaiaeaoe??, ui noinothoueny oaooiiai i?aeeiio, ii?oiaeo e?ai?a,
e?nio?ainii?oieo onoaiiaie, ia a?aoiaothoue niaoeeo?/ieo oiia
aenieoaoaoe?? AeEI o oaooieo oiiaao.
C aiae?co iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiue noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa oa caaea/?
?iaioe.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e aeena?oaoe?? i?enay/aiee aeine?aeaeaiith aeeiai?ee
eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a c iaoith anoaiiaeaiiy caeiiii??iinoae
oi?ioaaiiy aeeiai?/ieo coneeue o eaieao AeEI i?ae /an ia?ao?aeieo
?aaeeiao ?iaioe: i?ae /an ?icaiio, caiia?aeiiai oa ?iai/iai
aaeueioaaiiy. Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – eaiaoia iaaea?oioiaa aei?iaa c
aeaeo?ia?ae?iiaoai?/iei i?eaiaeii, ?ic?aooieiaa noaia yei? iaaaaeaia ia
?en. 1. Caaea/a ae??oaia iaoiaeii iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii.
Ca?aeii c iaoiaeii e?i?eii-eoneiai? ai?ieneiaoe?? ?ac?aooieiao noaio
AeEI iiaeia iiaeaoe o aeaeyae? aaaaoiianii? nenoaie ?c i?oaeieie
ca’yceaie, ui neeaaea?oueny c n aoce?a ?c cina?aaeaeaieie ianaie eaiie,
ye? aca?iiae?thoue i?ae niaith ye iaoa??aeuei? oi/ee. I?e oeueiio iana
ninoaaa iine?aeiaii i?e?aeio?oueny aei oeeo aoce?a caeaaeii a?ae eiai
i?noeaciaoiaeaeaiiy.
?en. 1. ?ic?aooieiaa noaia oyaiaiai eiioo?a AeEI
A’ycei-i?oaei? neee o eaiao? aecia/athoueny ??aiyiiyie:
2NO[(xo – o1) + ((VO – V1) – (B], i = 1;
NO[(xi-1 – oi) + ((Vi-1 – Vi)], 2 = i = n-1;
NI[(xn-1 – on) + ((Vn-1 – Vn)], i = n;
NB[(xn – oO) + ((Vn – VO) – (I], i = n + 1,
aea oi, Vi – ia?ai?uaiiy oa oaeaee?noue i-ai aocea a?aeiia?aeii; oO, VO
– ia?ai?uaiiy oa oaeaee?noue oe?aa a?aeiia?aeii; ( – eiao?oe??io
a’yceino? eaiaoo; (A, (I – aeiaaeeia eaiaoa a?aeiia?aeii o aa?oiueiio oa
ieaeiueiio iaoyaeieo i?eno?iyo; NA, NI, NO – aei?noe?noue inoaiiuei?,
ia?aaeinoaiiuei? oa ?ioeo eaiie a?aeiia?aeii.
Iane aoce?a nenoaie:
, i = 0;
, 1 = i = n – 1;
+ mA, i = nA;
+ mB, i = nB;
(*LB, i = n,
aea ?O – iiiaio ?ia?oe?? iaa?oiaeo /anoei oe?aa oa a?ae?iiioi?a; RO –
?aae?on oe?aa; mA, mA – iane, a?aeiia?aeii, e?ioeaaiai aeiea oa ninoaaa;
nA, nA – iiia?e aoce?a, aea ciaoiaeyoueny e?ioeaaee aeie oa ninoaa; (* –
i?eaaaeaia e?i?eia iana nenoaie “eaiao–?ieee”.
Neeaaeia? nee aaae aoce?a:
mi g sin(, 1 ( i ( nA-1;
0, i = nA;
– mi g sin(, nA+1 ( i ( n;
– (m1 + mB) g sin(, i = nA,
aea ( – eoo iaoeeo ae?iaee.
Neee oa?oy:
wE mi g cos, 1 ( i ( n;
FOPi = 0, i = nA;
(4)
(m1 + mB) wB cos(, i = nB,
aea wE, wA – eiao?oe??io iii?o eaiaoo oa ninoaao a?aeiia?aeii.
Aeei?enoaaoe iaoiae Aeaeaiaa?a, iaea?aeeii aeey ?-ai aocea:
Fi – Fi+1 + FBi – FOPi sign(Vi). (5)
Caieoaii ??aiyiiy ?ooo ?ioi??a aeaeo?iaeaeaoia oa ianina, oe?aa oa?oy oa
a?ae?iiioi?a aiaeia?/ii aeine?aeaeaiith I.N. Eociaoeiaa:
, (6)
, (7)
aea ?Ae, (Ae – iiiaio ?ia?oe?? oa eooiaa oaeaee?noue ?ioi??a aeaeaoia oa
ianina a?aeiia?aeii; qHmax – iaeneiaeueiee ?iai/ee ia’?i ianina; IE –
e?eoe/iee iiiaio aeaeo?iaeaeaoia; SE, S – eiacaiiy, a?aeiia?aeii,
e?eoe/ia oa iioi/ia; ?I, ?A – oene, a?aeiia?aeii, o iaai?oaeuei?e oa
ceeaaeuei?e iaa?no?aeyo; uI – ia?aiao? ?aaoethaaiiy ianina; IO?I –
iiiaio oa?oy o ianin?; ?O, (O – iiiaio ?ia?oe?? oa eooiaa oaeaee?noue
oe?aa a?aeiia?aeii; IO?O – noia?iee iiiaio nooiai oa?oy a?ae?iiioi??a,
?aaeoeoi?a oa oe?aa; qI – ?iai/ee ia’?i iioi?a; RO – ?aae?on oe?aa
oa?oy.
Ci?ia oeneo o iaa?no?aeyo aiane?aeie noeneeaino? oa aeo?eaiiy ??aeeie
neeaaea?:
, (8)
,
aea A – i?eaaaeaiee iiaeoeue i?oaeiino? ??aeeie; UI, UA – ia’?ie
??aeeie, a?aeiia?aeii, o iaai?oaeuei?e oa ceeaaeuei?e iaa?no?aeyo; (I –
eooiaa oaeaee?noue ?ioi?a a?ae?iiioi?a; (0 – eiao?oe??io aeo?eaiiy
??aeeie.
Caeii ci?ie eooa iaoeeo ae?iaee o i?noe? ciaoiaeaeaiiy ninoaaa
caaea?oueny o aeaeyae?:
(A = (1 + ((2 – (1) (o – S1)/(S2 – S1),
(9)
aea (1, (2 – ii/aoeiaee oa e?ioeaaee eooe iaoeeo a?aeiia?aeii; S1 –
aeiaaeeia a?ae??ceo oeyoo c eooii iaoeeo (1; S2 – aeiaaeeia a?ae??ceo
oeyoo c eooii iaoeeo (2.
?ica’ycoaaiiy iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? aeeiai?ee AeEI i?iaaaeaii ia IAII
a?ao?/ii c aeaaaeaiiyi iaiao?aeii? oeeo?iai? ?ioi?iaoe?? (?en. 2).
?en. 2. Oai?aoe/i? caeaaeiino? VO, VA, FI, FN, pI, MAe = f (t): 1, 2 –
oaeaee?noue, a?aeiia?aeii, oe?aa oa ninoaaa; 3, 4 – coneeey,
a?aeiia?aeii, iaa?aeii? oa ca?aeii? a?oee eaiaoa; 5 – oene o
iaai?oaeuei?e iaa?no?ae?; 6 – aeaeo?iiaai?oiee iiiaio aeaeaoia
Ca ao?aeiee ia?aiao? acyoa oaeaee?noue i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa oa?oy, a ca
aeo?aeiee – eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino?, oiaoi a?aeiioaiiy iaeneiaeueiiai
iaoyao eaiaoa o ia?ao?aeiiio i?ioean? aei eiai noaeiai cia/aiiy.
Aecia/ai? aeiionoei? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a aeeiai?/iino? ca oiia
i?oeiino?, aeiaaia?/iino? oa iaeiacaiiy eaiaoa ii iiaa?oi? oe?aa.
O ?iaio? ?icaeyiooa iiaeaeue ?oeioaaiiy eaiaoa AeEI a?ae ooiieaiino?.
Aeiaaia?/i?noue oyaiaiai eaiaoa (o e?eueeino? oeeee?a aei ?oeioaaiiy),
ca?aeii c aeine?aeaeaiiyie i?io. E.A. Eieiniaa, aecia/a?oueny ca
oi?ioeith:
, (10)
aea NA – cia/aiiy aace aei?iaoaaiue ia ooiieai?noue eaiaoiiai ae?ioo
ca?aeii c e?i??th ?aa?an??; n1, n2, n3 – eiao?oe??ioe, ui a?aoiaothoue
cieaeaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? /a?ac iia?eueio ci?io iaaaioaaeaiiy o ?iai/eo
?aaeeiao o ii??aiyii? c ?aaeeiii aei?iaoaaiue, iayaiino?
aeniei/anoioiiai aeeiai?/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy, ?ica?aei?noue aeine?aeieo
aeaieo, i?e oeueiio n1 = 3,5; n2 = 3,0; n3 = 1,37; (0 – iaaea
ooiieaiino? eaiaoiiai ae?ioo; (max = (? kAe ki kC* + (A – iaeneiaeueia
aea?aaeaioia iai?oaeaiiy o ae?ioeiao eaiaoo; (? – iai?oaeaiiy ?icoyao o
ae?ioei?; (A – iai?oaeaiiy aeaeio ae?ioeie; m – ei?o?oe??io e?i??
?aa?an??; kAe – eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino? nenoaie; k? – eiao?oe??io
ia?aaaioaaeaiiy oe?eeo ae?ioei i?e ciin? ae?ioei ciai?oiueiai oa?o; kC*
– eiao?oe??io, ui a?aoiao? iineaaeaiiy eaiaoa o i?noe? c/aeo;
Aiae?c oi?ioee (10) iieacaa, ui i?e iaiao?aeiiio oa?i?i? neoaeae eaiaoa
ia iaioa 1,5 ?ieo, eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino? i?e e?eueeino? oeeee?a o
aeiao nOe = 30 oa e?eueeino? oeeee?a ia ??e n? = 10800 iiaeiai aooe ia
iaioa ca 1,5.
Aeey aaioaaeieo AeEI caian i?oeiino?, ca?aeii c IA, iiaeiai aooe ia
iaioa 5. Noaoe/iee caian i?oeiino? nNO o naith /a?ao caeaaeeoue a?ae
iecee /eiiee?a:
nCT = kAe ki kC*
kCAE kA, (11)
aea kCAE – eiao?oe??io caeeoeiai? i?oeiino? eaiaoo, yeee i?eeia?oueny
kCAE = 1,5; kA – eiao?oe??io, ui a?aoiao? aeiaeaoeia? iai?oaeaiiy o
eaiao? a?ae aeaeio.
Oaooi? aeine?aeaeaiiy na?ae/aoue, ui oaeoe/iee caian i?oeiino? eaiao?a
AeEI aeecueeee aei ii?iaoeaiiai ? ia?aaoaa? o iaaeao a?ae 5,5 aei 7,5, a
cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a k? = 1,2; kC* = 1,3;
kA = 1,7. Oiae? aeiionoeia cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa kAe c oi?ioee (11) ia
iiaea ia?aaeuoaaoe 1,4.
Anoaiiaeai? /eiieee, ui ?noioii aieeaathoue ia eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino?
– i?enei?aiiy oe?aa oa eoo iaoeeo ae?iaee. Iaa?oioiaaii oaeiae, ui, c
oi/ee ci?o aeeiai?/ieo coneeue, iioeiaeueiei ? e?i?eiee caeii ci?ie
oaeaeeino? oe?aa, a eieeaaeueiee i?ioean o eaiao? i?e ?icaii? oaeoe/ii
caoooa?, eiee /an ?icaiio oe?aa aei??aith? aai e?aoiee ia??iaeo
aeiooaieo eieeaaiue nenoaie
(?en. 3).
Iiae?aiei /eiii aeine?aeaeaia caeaaei?noue eiao?oe??ioa ia??aiii??iino?
oaeaeeino? ?ooo ninoaaa AeEI (a?aeiioaiiy iaeneiaeueiiai cia/aiiy
oaeaeeino? ninoaaa o ia?ao?aeiiio ?aaeei? aei eiai noaeiai cia/aiiy)
a?ae oaeaeeino? i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa. ?nioth/? eiino?oeoe?? AeEI iaeaaeiai?
ia?aoooieie nenoaiaie, ui ni?aoeueiaothoue o ?ac? ia?aaeuaiiy oaeaeeino?
?ooo ninoaaa ia 25% ii a?aeiioaiith aei ?? noaeiai cia/aiiy, iaeiae ia
i?aeoeoe? aeineoue /anoi oea o?aiey?oueny aac ia?eao eaiaoa. *eiieeaie,
ui nooo?ai aieeaathoue ia eiao?oe??io ia??aiii??iino? ?ooo ninoaaa, – ?
i?enei?aiiy oe?aa oa aeiaaeeia onoaiiaee. Iioeiaeueiee caeii ci?ie
ueeaeeino? oe?aa i?e oeueiio – e?i?eiee.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?ee AeEI i?iaaaeai? a oiiaao
oaooe ?i. I.?. Noaoeiaa AeOE “Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey” c iaoith anoaiiaeaiiy
e?iaiaoe/-ieo oa neeiaeo ia?aiao??a oa ioe?iee aaeaeaaoiino?
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?. A ?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiue iaea?aeai? cia/aiiy
eiao?oe??io?a aeeiai?/iino? oa ia??aiii??iino? oaeaeeino? ninoaaa (kAe (
2 i?e ?icaii? oa kAe ( 1,5 i?e caiia?aeiiio aaeueioaaii?; kV ( 1,7 i?e
ioneo ? kV ( 1,2 i?e aaeueioaaii?), ?ica?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ia ia?aaeuo? 12%.
?en. 3. Aieea /ano ?icaiio oe?aa ia eieeaaeueiee i?ioean o eaiao?: a –
tP > TC; a – tP = TC (1 – oaeaee?noue oe?aa; 2 – coneeey o oyaiaiio
eaiao?).
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?iaioe aeine?aeaeaii eiioaeoio aca?iiae?th eaiaoa c
i?aeo?eioth/eie ?ieeeaie oa eaiaoiaaaeo/eie oe?aaie. I?aeo?eioth/?
?ieeee oa oyaia? eaiaoe AeEI ca?aeii c aeine?aeaeaiiyi, i?iaaaeaiei
aaoi?ii, iathoue iecueeo iaae?ei?noue (eiao?oe??io a?aeiinii? e?eueeino?
a?aeeac?a neeaaea? a?aeiia?aeii 0,3 oa 0,2), o i?ioean? aenieoaoaoe??
?ieeee ?ioaineaii ciioothoueny, ui cana?ae/o? iayai?noue aenieeo
eiioaeieo iai?oaeaiue. Ca iayaiino? aenieiai iaaaioaaeaiiy eaiaoa (aei
50 eI) oa ianoaoe?iia?iiai ?aaeeio ?iaioe AeEI ciia eiioaeoo ?ieeea ?
eaiaoa iino?eii aei?iaiao? ae?th ii?iaeueieo oa aeioe/ieo noaoe/ieo, a
oaeiae ioeuenoth/eo aeeiai?/ieo iai?oaeaiue. O ?iaio? i?iaiae?ciaaia
neeiaa aca?iiae?y ae?ioei eaiaoa c iiaa?oiath ?ieeea.
A?aeiiee ae?ac oi?ioee Aa?oea–Aaey?aa aeey aecia/aiiy iaeneiaeueiiai
eiioaeoiiai oeneo aeey ia?e “ae?ioeia–?ieee”:
(12)
aea n? – aaiiao?e/iee ia?aiao?, yeee caeaaeeoue a?ae e?eaeci o?e, ui
noeneathoueny; A1, A2 – iiaeoe? i?oaeiino? ae?ioo oa ?ieeea
a?aeiia?aeii; ?max – coneeey, ui ae?? ia iaea?eueo iaaaioaaeaiee ae??o;
r – ?aae?on ia?a??co ae?ioo.
Iai?oaeaiiy o oi/eao eiioo?a ae?ioe/ii? ieiuaaeee eiioaeoa:
;
; (13)
,
; a2 = 1 – (2; ( – eiao?oe??io Ioanniia iaoa??aeo ?ieeea.
Aecia/ai? iai?oaeaiiy, ui ae?thoue o cii? eiioaeoo ia?: “eaiao–?ieee”,
“ae?ioeia eaiaoo–?ieee”, “eaiao–?ieee c eaiaaeith”, “eaiao–oooa?iaaiee
?ieee”, “ieineee eaiao–?ieee (oe?a)”. Ii??aiyaoe ?ic?aooieia? cia/aiiy
iaeneiaeueieo eiioaeoieo iai?oaeaiue c aeiionoeieie, i?aenoiiao?ii?: i?e
?nioth/?e eiino?oeoe?? i?aeo?eioth/eo ?ieee?a, eaiao?a oa
?aaeaiaioiaaieo eooao ia?aaeio eaiaoa iai?oaeaiiy, o cii? eiioaeoo
ia?aaeuothoue aeiionoei? o aeae?eueea ?ac?a, ui iio?aao? iiaeo oaoi?/ieo
??oaiue.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaaaeai? aeey aecia/aiiy ciino
?ieee?a c ??ciith oaa?ae?noth ?iai/i? iiaa?oi?. sse aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeei?enoai? ?ieeee, oooa?iaai? aoiith oa eaaiaaiith noaeeth, a oaeiae
ia?iaeai? aeaeo?i?ne?iaei eaaoaaiiyi, aeaeo?iaeoaiaith iaoae?caoe??th,
iaoiaeii oaea?ii-oaeeueiai? ia?iaee aeaooii. Ine?eueee e?eoa??? ioe?iee
aeiaaia?/iino? ?ieee?a iiaeooue aooe aecia/ai? o?eueee ca ?aaeueieo
ae?iaie/eo oiia, ?o aenieoaoaoe?ei? aei?iaoaaiiy cae?eniai? ia oaoo?
“Iaaeia?aaenueea” AeOE “Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey” ia niaoe?aeueiiio noaiae?,
aea eaiao ia?aaeia?oueny ia aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?ieeeao c iaeiaeiaei
eooii. ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ciino ?ieee?a
cia?aaeai? o aeaeyae? caeaaeiinoae (?en. 4).
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aca?iiae?? oyaiaiai noaeueiiai eaiaoa
c iiia?aaeiuei noeniaiith aoiiaith oooa??aeith aaaeo/iai oe?aa
i?iaaaeai? ia oaoo? “Iaaeia?aaenueea”, a ?acoeueoao? /iai anoaiiaeai?
cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa oa?oy i?ae eaiaoii oa oooa??aeith (a?ae 0,33 aeey
eaiaoa o ii?iaei?e a?yc? aei 0,45 – aeey nooiai eaiaoa) ? c?iaeaii
aeniiaie i?i aeioe?euei?noue cai?ie aaaaoiiaoaaoiiai ia?aaie?/iiai oe?aa
oa?oy ia oooa?iaaiee iaeiiiaoaaoiee.
Ocaaaeueiaii aeina?ae aenieoaoaoe?? oyaiaeo eaiao?a ia onoaiiaeao
i?aecaiiiai eaiaoiiai o?ainii?oo oa aeciaii aeioe?euei?noue cai?ie
eaiao?a ?c ciaioaiei ae?aiao?ii ae?io?a o ciai?oiueiio oa?? (AINO
2688–81), ye? aiane?aeie ei?ic?? oa aenieeo eiioaeoieo iai?oaeaiue ia
a?aecia/athoueny aeiaaia?/i?noth, ia eaiaoe ?c ca?eueoaiei ae?aiao?ii
ae?io?a o ciai?oiueiio oa??, c iiia?aaeiuei iaoeniaieie noaeeaie oa
aoiio?inia? eaiaoe.
?en. 4. Caeaaei?noue a?aeiiniiai ciino ?ieeea a?ae i?ia?ao: 1 –
na??eiiai; 2 – c aeaeo?i?ne?iaei eaaoaaiiyi; 3 – c aeaeo?iaeoaiaith
iaoae?caoe??th; 4 – c oaea?ii-oaeeueiaith ia?iaeith aeaooii; 5 – c
oooa??aeith ?c eaaiaaii? noae?; 6 – c oooa??aeith ?c aoie
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee
ocaaaeueiai? oa i?iaiae?ciaai? a??ie/i-aaieia?/i? e ae?iaie/i-oaoi?/i?
oiiae canoinoaaiiy AeEI i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie. Ia iniia?
o?iiiiao?aaeieo niinoa?aaeaiue aecia/aii eiao?oe??io aeei?enoaiiy
i?io?aeieoeueeiai eiiaaeia, iaa?oioiaaia oaoi?/ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue AeEI
oa i?i?iaeueia oaeaee?noue ?ooo ninoaaa aeey ?? caaacia/aiiy. Caaaeyee
iaea?aeaiei ?acoeueoaoai ?ic?iaeaii oeeee?/io iaeiiia?aoe?eio
oaoiieia?th o?ainii?ooaaiiy a??ie/i? iane oa iaoa??ae?a AeEI ? a?ao?e
i?aai?caoe?? ?ia?o o i?io?aeieoeueeiio aeai?. C iaoith oaeineiiaeaiiy
eiino?oeoe?? AeEI oa i?aeaeuaiiy ?o i?iaeoeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeai? oaoi?/i?
??oaiiy (caoeuai? aaoi?nueeeie na?aeioeoaaie), ye? aeicaieythoue
nei?ioeoe i?ioean iiaeia-aeaiiy eiioo?a oyaiaiai eaiaoa.
?nioth/? caniae oa oaoiieia?/i? noaie o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ui
canoiniaothoueny ia oaooao Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano, aeicaieythoue i?ioiaeeoe
i?aeaioia/? ae?iaee ?c na?aaeiueith oaeaee?noth ia aeua 100 i ia
i?nyoeue a oie /an, ye aeey a/aniiai aaaaeaiiy o ae?th aenieoaoaoe?eieo
ae?eyiie iio??aia oaeaee?noue ia iaioa 250 i ia i?nyoeue. Aeei?enoaiiy
AeEI ca oaoiieia?/ieie noaiaie, ?ic?iaeaieie ca o/anoth aaoi?a,
aeicaieeei aeiaanoe oaeaee?noue i?ioiaeaeaiiy ae?iaie aei 300 i ia
i?nyoeue, caaaeueia i?ioyaei?noue i?iaaaeaieo ae?iaie ia?aaeueea 100 ei,
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiee aeiiii?/iee aoaeo neeaa iiiaae 140 oen. a?i.
AENIIAEE
Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa ? cae?i/aiei iaoeiaei aeine?aeaeaiiyi, aea ia
i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
ae??oaia aeooaeueia caaea/a, a?aeiinii iaa?oiooaaiiy ia?aiao??a,
oaoiieia?/ieo noai canoinoaaiiy oa oaoi?/ieo ??oaiue uiaei
aaeineiiaeaiiy eiino?oeoe?? eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a i?ae /an
i?iaaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie, ui aea? iiaeeea?noue i?aeaeueoe ye?noue
i?iaeooaaiiy onoaiiaie, oaeaee?noue i?ioiaeaeaiiy ae?iaie oa aaciaeo
a??ie/ii?aeaioia/eo ?ia?o.
Iniiai? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe, aeniiaee oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe??:
Anoaiiaeaii, ui canoinoaaiiy eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a aeey
o?ainii?ooaaiiy a??ie/i? iane, iaoa??ae?a oa iaeaaeiaiiy i?e i?iaaaeaii?
ae?iaie ?c neeaaeiei i?io?eai ?aeeiaiai oeyoo aeicaiey? i?aeaeueoe
oaeaee?noue i?ioiaeee(aei 250–300 i ia i?nyoeue), aaciaeo ?ia?o oa
cieceoe ?o o?oaei?noe?noue.
Iaa?oioiaaia aeiionoeia cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa aeeiai?/iino? AeEI (kAe (
1,4) c oiia i?oeiino?, caaeaii? aeiaaia?/iino? oa iaeiacaiiy eaiaoa ia
i?eaiaeiiio oe?a? ? anoaiiaeaii, ui iaeiaio? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a
aeeiai?/iino? oa ia??aiii??iino? oaeaeeino? ninoaaa a?aeiia?aeathoue
e?i?eiiio caeiio ci?ie oaeaeeino? i?eaiaeiiai oe?aa.
Aeine?aeaeai? caeaaeiino? eiao?oe??io?a aeeiai?/iino? oa ia??aiii??iino?
oaeaeeino? ninoaaa a?ae ia?aiao??a AeEI oa ae?iaee, aeae?eai? /eiieee,
ui ?noioii aieeaathoue ia aaee/eie oeeo eiao?oe??io?a (caeii ci?ie
oaeaeeino? oe?aa oa eoo iaoeeo ae?iaee) ? ia?noioii (iana ninoaaa).
Iieacaii, ui o ?icaeyiooeo oiiaao aenieoaoaoe?? AeEI ioneiaa i?enei?aiiy
ia iiaeiia ia?aaeuoaaoe 0,2 i/n2, a aaeuei?aia oiia?eueiaiiy 0,8 i/n2
i?e i?aeeii? oa 0,5 i/n2 i?e nioneo ninoaaa.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui o aeiaaeeo, eiee ia??iae ?icaiio aei??aith? aai e?aoiee
ia??iaeo aeiooaieo eieeaaiue eaiaoa AeEI, eieeaaeueiee i?ioean o eaiao?
oa aiie?ooaea eieeaaiue oaeaeeino? ninoaaa oaeoe/ii caoooathoue i?e
aeinyaiaii? oe?aii noaei? oaeaeeino? ?ooo, o oie /an ye i?e iaaeeiiaii?
oe??? oiiae eiao?oe??ioe aeeiai?/iino? oa ia??aiii??iino? ?ooo ninoaaa
aeinyaathoue cia/aiue 2,0–2,5.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ?aeiiaiaeiaaiee caaiaeii–ae?iaieeii iaeneiaeueiee eoo
ia?aaeio eaiaoa ia ?ieeeao i?aeo?eioth/eo i?eno?i?a AeEI (5°) caaeuaiee
? ia iiaeiai aooe a?eueoei 1,5° ca oiiae aeiionoeieo iai?oaeaiue.
Aiae?c iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a ??oaiiy iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? aeeiai?ee
AeEI c o?aooaaiiyi oaoiieia?/ieo /eiiee?a aeicaiey? iaa?oioiaaii
ae??ooaaoe ieoaiiy aaoiiaoecaoe?? AeEI c ?? aeei?enoaiiyi ye ?aeeiiai
o?ainii?oiiai caniao i?e i?iaaaeaii? i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie ?c neeaaeiei
i?io?eai ?aeeiaiai oeyoo.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a oaeeo i?aoeyo:
Oieaieue A.A., Oaaei?aiei N.A., Aeaieuaiei A.A. O?ainii?oiua i?iaeaiu
i?e i?ioiaeaeaiee neaaiiaeeiiiuo ai?iuo au?iaioie ia oaooao Caiaaeiiai
Aeiiaanna // Oaieue Oe?aeiu. –1983. – N1. – N.25–26.
O?iueei A.N., Iao?eoeia A.A., Oaaei?aiei N.A., Aeaieuaiei A.A.
Ia?niaeoeaiua aeaeu o?ainii?oa i?e i?ioiaeea neaaiiaeeiiiuo ai?iuo
au?aaioie oaieueiuo oaoo // O?ainii?oiua e ai?iua iaoeiu.– E.: Iaoe.
aeoiea, – 1984. – N.33 – 36.
O?iueei A.N., Aeaieuaiei A.A., Iao?eoeia A.A. I?iaaaeaiea
iiaeaioiaeoaeueiuo au?aaioie n oaeaie iaeeiia 2…3° n eniieueciaaieai
eaiaoiuo aei?ia // Oaooiue e ea?uea?iue o?ainii?o. – I.: Iaae?a.– 1986.
– N10. – N.214 – 218.
Iaioeia I.A., Aeaieuaiei A.A., Oaaei?aiei N.A. I?eiaiaiea eaiaoiuo
iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia i?e i?iaaaeaiee au?aaioie // Oaieue Oe?aeiu. – 1987.
– N10. – N.33 – 34.
Niaaei A.E., Neaei?aiei A.I., Aeaieuaiei A.A. Iiuo yenieoaoaoeee
eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia ia oaooa “ Iaaeia?aaeneay “ // Oaieue. –
1989. – N3. – N.25 – 27.
Eiioiaaoe A.I., Ceeue A.A., Aeaieuaiei A.A. *anoiua ?aoaiey eiioaeoiie
caaea/e aeey ?an/aoa i?i/iinoe ?ieeeia eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia //
Ecaanoey AOCia. Ai?iue aeo?iae.– 1994. – N1. – N.79 – 82.
Iooe iiauoaiey eciininoieeinoe iiaeaea?aeeaathueo ono?ienoa oaooiuo
eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia / ?.I. Aeeaeue, A.I. Auethiee, A.A.
Aeaieuaiei e ae?. // Iaoaeeo?a. e ai?ii?oae. i?ii-oue. – 1993.– N3. –
N.52 –53.
Oaaei?aiei N.A., Aeaieuaiei A.A., Neaei?aiei A.I. I?eaiaeiie oeea o?aiey
eaiaoiie iaii/aaiiie aei?iae iiaiai oaoie/aneiai o?iaiy // Oaieue
Oe?aeiu. – 1994. – N4. – N.50–51.
I niaa?oainoaiaaiee eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia / E.A. Eieinia, A.A.
Aeaieuaiei, A.A. Iooei, A.I. Neaei?aiei // Oaieue Oe?aeiu. – 1998. –
N10. – N.41 – 43.
Aeaieuaiei A.A., Oaaei?aiei N.A., Neaei?aiei A.I. Oaoiieiaey
ai?iii?ioiae/aneeo ?aaio n eniieueciaaieai eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia
// Oaieue Oe?aeiu. –1991. – N7. – N.44–46.
A.n. 1737136 NNN? IEE E21F 13/02. Ono?ienoai aeey oaeeeiaiey
o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa caieiooui oyaiaui eaiaoii / A.A. ?aiaaae/, A.A.
Aeaieuaiei, N.A. Oaaei?aiei,
A.I. Neaei?aiei (NNN?). – N 4839290/3; Cayaeaii 19.06.90; Iioae.
30.05.92; Athe. N20.
A.n. 1752612 NNN?, IEE A21 7/00. Eaiaoiay iaii/aaiiay aei?iaa / A.A.
?aiaaae/,
A.A. Aeaieuaiei, N.A. Oaaei?aiei, A.I. Neaei?aiei (NNN?). – N 1004175;
Cayaeaii 19.06.90; Iioae. 07.08.92; Athe. N29.
Oaoiieiae/aneea noaiu i?iaaaeaiey iiaeaioiaeoaeueiuo ai?iuo au?aaioie n
eniieueciaaieai eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia / A.A. ?aiaaae/, N.A.
Oaaei?aiei,
A.A. Aeaieuaiei, A.I. Neaei?aiei / Aeiai?iiao?. ai?i. ei–o. –
Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1994. – 10n. – Aeai. a AIOA Oe?aeiu 27.01.94, N224.
?aiaaae/ A.A., Aeaieuaiei A.A., Eiioiaaoe A.I. I iino?iaiee aeeaa?aiiu
noaoe/aneeo iaoyaeaiee caieiooiai oyaiaiai i?aaia o?ainii?oiuo onoaiiaie
ia?eiaee/aneiai aeaenoaey / Aeiai?iiao?. ai?i. ei–o. – Aeiai?iiao?iane,
1996. – 9n. – Aeai. a IEEOYOEI 9.07.96, N64.
Aeaieuaiei A.A. Iainiiaaiea iaoaiaoe/aneie iiaeaee aeeiaieee eaiaoiie
iaii/aaiiie aei?iae. // A??ie/a aeaeo?iiaoai?ea oa aaoiiaoeea:
Iaoe.-oaoi. ca. – 1999. – ? 2(61). – N. 224–230.
Aeaieuaiei A.A., Eiioiaaoe A.I., Oa?ai E.A. Iainiiaaiea ?an/aoiie
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe eaiaoiie iaii/aaiiie aei?iae. // Na. iao/. o?.
IAAO. – Aeiai?iiao?iane. – 1999. – ? 7, o.3. – N. 98–102.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a o ?iaioe, iioae?eiaai? o ni?aaaoi?noa?: [1,
2, 3] – ?ic?iaea eeaneo?eaoe?? o?ainii?oieo cania?a i?ae /an
i?ioiaeaeaiiy neaaiiioeeeo ae?iaie, iaa?oiooaaiiy aeioe?eueiino?
aeei?enoaiiy AeEI o oeeo oiiaao oa ii?aoethaaiiy iaoiaeeee ?o
?ic?aooieo; [4, 5] – o?aooaaiiy oaoiieia?/ieo oiia i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie
oa ?ic?iaea oaoi?/ieo ??oaiue uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy AeEI; [6, 7, 8, 9] –
cai?iiiioaaiiy ?ic?aooieiai? noaie eiioaeoo eaiaoa c ?ieeeii, ?ic?iaea
iaoiaeeee, i?iaaaeaiiy oa aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy ciino
?ieee?a (oe?a?a) AeEI oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei i?aeaeuaiiy
aeiaaia?/-iino? aoce?a; [10, 13] – ?ic?iaea oaoiieia?/ieo noai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy AeEI i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie a oiiaao Cao?aeiiai
Aeiiaano; [11, 12] – i?iiiceoe?y oi?ioee aeiaoiaeo; [14] – ?ic?iaea
iaoiaeeee iiaoaeiae ae?aa?aie noaoe/ieo ia-aaioaaeaiue oyaiaiai i?aaio
AeEI.
AIIOAOe?ss
Aeaieuaiei I.A. Iaa?oiooaaiiy ia?aiao??a oa oaoiieia?/ieo noai
canoinoaaiiy eaiaoieo iaaea?oioiaeo aei??a i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy a??ie/eo
ae?iaie. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.05.06 – “A??ie/? iaoeie”. – Iaoe?iiaeueia a??ie/a
aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie, Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1999.
I?iaiae?ciaai? oiiae, noaie oa caniae o?ainii?ooaaiiy a??ie/i? iane,
iaoa??ae?a, iaeaaeiaiiy ? ethaeae i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie c eooii
iaoeeo ±6°. Aeine?aeaeaia aeeiai?ea ia?ao?aeieo i?ioean?a o eaiaoi?e
iaaea?oioia?e aei?ic? (AeEI) ia ?ic?iaeai?e iaoaiaoe/i?e iiaeae?, yea
a?aoiao? ci?iiee i?io?eue oeyoo oa noeneeainoue ?iai/i? ??aeeie a
a?ae?inenoai? oa iiaeaeue ?oeioaaiiy eaiaoa a?ae ooiieaiino?.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii ca oaooieo oiia aecia/ai? e?iaiaoe/i? oa neeia?
ia?aiao?e AeEI ? ia?aa??aia aaeaeaaoi?noue cacia/aii? iiaeae?.
?ic?iaeaia i?ia?aia ?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a AeEI c o?aooaaiiyi
oaoiieia?/ieo aeiia. Aeine?aeaeaii eiioaeoio aca?iiae?th eaiaoo c
i?aeo?eioth/eie ?ieeeaie oa oe?aaie AeEI, ?ic?iaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
i?aeaeuaiiy ?o aeiaaia?/iino?. Cai?iiiiiaaia oeeee?/ia oaoiieia?y
i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaie c aeei?enoaiiyi AeEI, ?ic?iaeai? oaoiieia?/i? noaie
? oaoi?/i? ??oaiiy ii aaeineiiaeaiith eiino?oeoe?? aoce?a AeEI.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?iaaaeaiiy ae?iaee, eaiaoia iaaea?oioiaa aei?iaa,
oyaiaee eaiao, eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino?, i?aeo?eioth/ee ?ieee, oe?a
oa?oy.
AIIIOAOeEss
Aeaieuaiei A.A. Iainiiaaiea ia?aiao?ia e oaoiieiae/aneeo noai i?eiaiaiey
eaiaoiuo iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia i?e i?iaaaeaiee ai?iuo au?aaioie. –
?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.05.06 – “Ai?iua iaoeiu”. – Iaoeeiiaeueiay ai?iay
aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu, Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999.
I?iaaaeai aiaeec oneiaee, nouanoaothueo noai e n?aaenoa
o?ainii?oe?iaaiey ai?iie iannu, iaoa?eaeia, iai?oaeiaaiey e ethaeae i?e
i?iaaaeaiee au?aaioie n oaeii iaeeiia ±6° e i?ioyaeaiiinoueth aei 2500
i, iainiiaaia oeaeaniia?aciinoue eniieueciaaiey i?e yoii eaiaoiuo
iaii/aaiiuo aei?ia (AeEI). ?ac?aaioaia iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue aeeiaieee
eaiaoiie iaii/aaiiie aei?iae n o/aoii naeeiaaiinoe ?aai/ae aeeaeeinoe a
aeae?inenoaia, ia?aiaiiinoe i?ioeey ?aeueniaiai iooe e i?ia?aiia ?an/aoa
ia?aiao?ia onoaiiaee n o/aoii oaoiieiae/aneeo oneiaee aa i?eiaiaiey.
?anniio?aia iiaeaeue onoaeinoiiai ?ac?ooaiey eaiaoa, ii?aaeaeaiu
aeiionoeiua cia/aiey eiyooeoeeaioia aeeiaie/iinoe ec oneiaee
aeieaiaa/iinoe, i?i/iinoe e ianeieueaeaiey eaiaoa ii iiaa?oiinoe
i?eaiaeiiai oeeaa e oaeoi?u, nouanoaaiii aeeythuea ia yoe eiyooeoeeaiou.
Yenia?eiaioaeueii a oaooiuo oneiaeyo iieo/aiu cia/aiey eeiaiaoe/aneeo e
neeiauo ia?aiao?ia AeEI e i?iaa?aia aaeaeaaoiinoue iaoaiaoe/aneie
iiaeaee i?e iiiiue aeenia?neiiiiai aiaeeca ii iaoiaeo Oeoa?a (ioeeiiaiea
?acoeueoaoia oai?aoe/aneeo e yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee ia
i?aauoaao 12%). Oai?aoe/anee e yenia?eiaioaeueii enneaaeiaaii eiioaeoiia
acaeiiaeaenoaea eaiaoa n iiaeaea?aeeaathueie ?ieeeaie e eaiaoiaaaeoueie
oeeaaie, i?aaeeiaeaiu oaoie/aneea ?aoaiey, oaaee/eaathuea eo n?ie
neoaeau: oiaiueoaiea oaea ia?aaeaa eaioa, nicaeaiea a iiaa?oiinoiii neia
?ieeea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iai?yaeaiiiai ninoiyiey, i?eiaiaiea oyaiauo
eaiaoia n oaaee/aiiui aeeaiao?ii i?iaieie ia?oaeiiai neiy,
?aceiio?iniauo eaiaoia e iaeiiiaoaaoiuo oooa?iaaiiuo oeeaia o?aiey.
I?aaeeiaeaia oeeeee/iay iaeiiia?aoeeiiiay oaoiieiaey i?iaaaeaiey
au?aaioie n eniieueciaaieai AeEI, ?ac?aaioaiu oaoiieiae/aneea noaiu eo
i?eiaiaiey e oaoie/aneea ?aoaiey, iicaieythuea a 2–3 ?aca iiauneoue
nei?inoue i?iaaaeaiey iiaeaioiaeoaeueiuo au?aaioie ia oaooao Caiaaeiiai
Aeiiaanna.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: i?iaaaeaiea au?aaioee, eaiaoiay iaii/aaiiay aei?iaa,
oyaiaue eaiao, eiyooeoeeaio aeeiaie/iinoe, iiaeaea?aeeaathuee ?ieee,
oeea o?aiey.
SUMMARY
Denishenko A.V. Substantiation of parameters and technological schemes
of rope soil road utilization in mining workings. – Manuscript.
Thesis for the application of the Candidate of Technical Sciences on
speciality 05.05.06 “Mining machines” – National Mining University of
Ukraine, Dniepropetrovsk, 1999.
Conditions, schemes and means of rock mass, materials, equipment and
people transportation while driving the working with sloping angle of
±6° have been analyzed. The dynamic of transition processes of rope soil
road on mathematical model taking into account variability of rail track
profile, compression of working liquid in hydrosystem and model of rope
destruction was investigated. Kinematic and force parameters of rope
soil roads were defined experimentally in mining conditions and
adequation of given model was examined. The calculation program of rope
soil road parameters taking into account technological requirements was
carried out. Contact interaction of rope with supported rollers and
pulleys of rope soil roads was investigated, recommendations of
increasing their longevity were developed. Cycle techniques of working
driving using rope soil roads was suggested, technological schemes of
their using and technical decisions concerning improvements of rope soil
road unit construction were developed.
Key words: driving of working, rope soil road, pulling rope, dynamic
efficiency, supported roller, pulley of friction.
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