I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie
Aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
Ieo’?a Na?a?e A?eoi?iae/
OAeE: 662.74+502.7
IENEAeAOe?EIA AeANOEUeOO?ECAOe?ss AENIEIN??EIAIAI
IECUeEIIAOAII?O?CIAAIIAI AOA?EEss
Niaoe?aeuei?noue: 05.17.07 – O?i?/ia oaoiieia?y iaeeaa
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Euea?a 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? ia?a?iaee iaooe oa aaco
Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”. I?i?noa?noai ina?oe
Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A?aoe/ae Ieoaeei
Ieeieaeiae/, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? ia?a?iaee iaooe oa
aaco Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Neey? Ieoaeei
A?eai?iae/, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? iaeeaa oa
aoaeaoeaaeo iaoa??ae?a Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo;
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ssai?nueeee A?eoi? Oaio?eiae/,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?i?? oa oaoiieia?? iai?aai?/ieo ?a/iaei
Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”
I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y – Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/iee
oi?aa?neoao, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “24” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 1500 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 35.052.07 o Aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” ca aae?anith: 290646, i. Euea?a-13, ie. na.
TH?a, 3/4, ei?i. 8, aoae. 339.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” ca aae?anith:
Euea?a-13, aoe. I?ioani?nueea, 1.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “20” eeiiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii?
a/aii? ?aaee Ae 35.052.07
aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A.I. AEeciaanueeee
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. Aoa?eey aoei iniiaiei aeaea?aeii aia?a?? ?
o?i?/ii? ne?iaeie ia ii/aoeo OO-ai noi??//y. I?ioa, ii/eiath/e c 30-o
?ie?a, ia ia?oa i?noea a iaeeai-aia?aaoe/iiio aaeain? ??cieo e?a?i
ii/aee aeoiaeeoe iaooa oa aac. A ?acoeueoao? aei e?ioey 70-o ?ie?a
aeiey aoa?eey a iaeeai-aia?aaoe/iiio aaeain? ciaioeeany aei 25-27 %
(i?ioe 65-70 % ia e?ioe? 40-o ?ie?a).
C ?ioiai aieo, ca aeaieie O? Na?oiaiai aia?aaoe/iiai eiia?ano noia?ia
e?euee?noue oiiaiiai iaeeaa neeaaea? 13.1 o?ei. oiii, i?e /iio 83 % c
ieo – caiane aoa?eey. Naia oaeee ?iciiae?e ai?th/eo eiiaeei, ca?eueoaiiy
oe?ie iaooe oa ca?aeiaiiy iaea?eueoeo ?? ?iaeiaeu coiiaeee iiaa
c?inoaiiy aeie? aoa?eey o iaeeaiiio aaeain?. Oaea ia na?aaeeio 80-o
?ie?a aeaeiaooie aoa?eey neeaaeaa 72.1 % a?ae on??? e?eueeino?
oiiaiiai iaeeaa, yea aeaeiaoaaeiny. Ca i?iaiicii I?aeia?iaeiiai
Aenia?oiiai Aaainoaa iio?aaa o aoa?ee? ia ia??iae aei 2010 ?ieo
aoaea c?inoaoe ia 2.1 % ia ??e ? aei oiai /ano aiii noaia ?aeeiei
cia/iei aeaea?aeii aeaeo?iaia?a?? o na?o?.
Aeei?enoaiiy /anoeie aeaeiaooiai aoa?eey, cie?aia ia oaieiaeo
aeaeo?inoaioe?yo (OAN), oneeaaeith?oueny /a?ac aenieee ai?no n??ee o
iueiio, ine?eueee oea ni?e/eith? aeeeaee a aoiinoa?o ae?ieneaeo n??ee,
yeee, o naith /a?ao, ia?aoai?th?oueny a n??/enoo oa n??/aio eeneioe.
Eiiaeainoth/enue o iia?o??, aiie aeiaaeathoue o aaaaoueio ?aeiiao na?oo
o aeaeyae? oae caaieo “eeneioieo aeiu?a”. Oe? aeiu? oe?aeeeai
aieeaathoue ia caei?ia’y ethaeeie, cieuothoue e?nia? ianeae,
iiieaeothoue o?iaeaei?noue n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?.
E??i oiai, aoa?eey iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye aeaea?aei n??ee, ine?eueee
na?aaei?e ai?no ?? o aoa?ee? caiii? eoe? ia?aaeuo? eea?eiaee o 25-35
?ac?a. Aiaeii/an, o na?o? niinoa??aa?oueny cia/ia ca?aeiaiiy i?e?iaeieo
iieeaae?a naii?iaeeiai? n??ee.
Noiaea neooaoe?y neeaeany ? a Oe?a?i?. Iaoa e?a?ia ia ia? aoaeue-yeeo
cia/ieo iieeaae?a iaooe oa aaco, aea ia? aeae?eueea aaeeeeo ?iaeiaeu
ao?iai oa eai’yiiai aoa?eey. I?ioa ia ae?th/eo eioeiaa?aaaoao, ui
i?aoeththoue ia aoa?ee?, iaia onoaiiaie cian??/aiiy aeeiiaeo aac?a, oi/a
na?aaei?e ai?no n??ee o aoa?ee? Oe?a?ie neeaaea? aeecueei 2-3 % ian., a,
ioaea, aoa?eey iaoi? e?a?ie iiaea aooe ne?iaeiith aeey ae?iaieoeoaa
n??eiai?nieo ?a/iaei.
Iacaaaeath/e ia aaeeeee ianya oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo, yeee
noino?oueny cieaeaiiy aeeeae?a ae?ieneaeo n??ee a aoiinoa?o, aaeeea
e?euee?noue i?iiiiiaaieo oaoiieia?e cian??/aiiy aeiiii?/ii iaaea?aeia
/a?ac aaeee? cao?aoe ia ia?aiaeaaeiaiiy OAN oa ooee?caoe?th n??ee o
aeaeyae? niieoe, ui ?iaeyoue iaiiaeeeaei iiaeaeueoa ?o aeei?enoaiiy o
aoaeue-yeiio n??eiaiio ae?iaieoeoa? (a?in, noeueoao aiii?th, ?io?).
Aeaye? aeai? ?ic??ciai? ? /anoi noia?a/eea?, ui aoaea oneeaaeithaaoe
aea?? oaoiieia?? oa ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy aoa?eey aeey
ae?iaieoeoaa aeaeo?iaia?a??. C iaeyaeo ia aeuaneacaia, aaaeeeaiai
cia/aiiy iaaoaathoue aeine?aeaeaiiy, ni?yiiaai? ia ?ic?iaeo aoaeoeaiiai
iaoiaeo aeanoeueoo?ecaoe?? aoa?eey c iiaeaeueoith ooee?caoe??th
aoa?eueii? n??ee o aeaeyae? niieoe, ye? iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeey
ae?iaieoeoaa ??cieo n??eiai?nieo i?iaeoeo?a.
?iaioa ? neeaaeiaith /anoeiith iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? oaie “?ic?iaea
iaoeiaeo iniia cian??/aiiy aoa?eey” (N aea?ae. ?a?no?. 0196U000148) ?
iaoeiaiai iai?yieo eaoaae?e o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? ia?a?iaee iaooe oa aaco
AeO “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” – “?ic?iaea iaoeiaeo iniia iaea?aeaiiy
aenieiieoaiiaeo eiiiiiaio?a iioi?ieo iaeea, iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei,
iiiiia??a ? aeiiii?aeieo iaoa??ae?a c aoaeaaiaeiaai? ne?iaeie. Oaia:
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a aeeo/aiiy n??ee ?c aoaeaaiaeiaai? ne?iaeie”.
Iaoa ?iaioe. ?ic?iaeoe o?ceei-o?i?/i? iniiae i?ioeano ieneaeaoe?eiiai
cian??/aiiy aeniein??eiaiai iecueeiiaoaii?o?ciaaiiai aoa?eey oeyoii
naeaeoeaiiai ieeneaiiy i??eoii? n??ee, ui i?noeoueny a iueiio,
ia?i-iia?o?yiith noi?ooth; noai?eoe oaoiieia?th aeanoeueoo?ecaoe??
aoa?eey, yea a aeicaieyea iaea?aeoaaoe iaein??eiaa oaa?aea iaeeai e
ooee?coaaoe aoa?eueio n??eo ? iiaea a aeei?enoiaoaaoeny o aoa?euei?e oa
aia?aaoe/i?e i?iieneiainoyo Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia. Oia?oa aeaoaeueii aea/aii i?ioean naeaeoeaiiai
ieeneaiiy i??eoii? n??ee iecueeiiaoaii?o?ciaaiiai aoa?eey a eeiey/iio
oa??, ui noai?th?oueny oeyoii iiaea/? ia?i-iia?o?yii? noi?o?. Iieacaii
iiaeeea?noue io?eiaiiy aac?a cian??/aiiy c ii??aiyii aenieei ai?noii
ae?ieneaeo n??ee, ui aea? ciiao aeeo/aoe inoaii?e iaeiei c a?aeiieo
oeeee?/ieo iaoiae?a. Anoaiiaeaii ca`ycie i?ae iniiaieie /eiieeaie
i?ioeano oa ooieoe?yie eiai a?aeeeeeo.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe. Noai?aii aenieiaoaeoeaiee i?ioean, yeee
aea? iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoiaoaaoe iieeaaee aeniein??eiaiai aoa?eey ye
ne?iaeie aeey ae?iaieoeoaa aeaeo?iaia?a??, ia caa?oaeithth/e i?e oeueiio
iaaeieeoi? na?aaeiaeua oa oieeath/e aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? ei?ic??
iaeaaeiaiiy. O oiae? i?ioeano io?eiothoueny iaein??eiaa oaa?aea iaeeai,
iaaaeeea e?euee?noue niiee ?iceeaaeo, ui iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ye
aeiaeaoie aei eioaeueiiai iaeeaa aai ye ne?iaeia aeey aoaeao?i?/iiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, oa aace cian??/aiiy. Iaaaeee? ia`?ie aac?a cian??/aiiy oa
aenieee ai?no o ieo ae?ieneaeo n??ee (o ii??aiyii? c aeeiiaeie aacaie
OAN) aeaaeooue ciiao aeeo/aoe inoaii?e iaeiei c a?aeiieo oeeee?/ieo
iaoiae?a.
?ic?iaeaii iniiae oaoiieia?? oa cai?iiiiiaaii oaoiieia?/io noaio
i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioeano cian??/aiiy aoa?eey oeyoii ia?iaee eiai
ia?i-iia?o?yiith noi?ooth o eeiey/iio oa??. Iaoiaeeea i?ieoea
aei?iaoaaiiy a eaai?aoi?ieo oiiaao o AOCO “Niaoei?iioaoi?ea” (i.
Naa?aeeianuee), AAO “A??O?II?II” (i. Euea?a), ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
aeoaie aei?iaoaaiue.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui a?i a?aa aeoeaio o/anoue o
iinoaiiaoe? i?iaeaie, ?ic?iaoe? oa ii?aoethaaii? iaoiaeee
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue, aeeiiaii? an?o aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, ia?iaoe? iaea?aeaieo aeaieo oa oai?aoe/iiio
iaa?oiooaaii? ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaio?a.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia ia?o?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Noai ?
ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo iaooiia?a?iaee ? iaooio?i?? a Oe?a?i?” (i. Euea?a,
1994 ?.); VI iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Euea?anuee? o?i?/i?
/eoaiiy” (i. Euea?a, 1997 ?.); II i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Oi?aae?iiy aia?aiaeei?enoaiiyi” (i. Euea?a, 1997 ?.); ?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iinooi a iaooiaaciia?a?iai?e ?
iaooio?i?/i?e i?iieneiaino?” (i. Euea?a, 1998 ?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe aeeeaaeaii a i’youeio noaooyo o
oaoiaeo aeo?iaeao oa /ioe?ueio oacao aeiiia?aeae iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?e.
Ia`?i oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c
anooio, i`yoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo oeeoiaaii? e?oa?aoo?e ?c 121
iaeiaioaaiiy oa aeiaeaoe?a ia 33 noi??ieao. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia
149 noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 36 oaaeeoeue oa 31 ?enoiie.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeioe?euei?noue oa aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie,
noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo ?iaioe, nooue aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue, i?aeoe/io
oe?ii?noue ?iaioe aeey iaoee e oaoi?ee.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e c i?iaeai
aeei?enoaiiy aeniein??eiaiai aoa?eey. ?icaeyiooi caiane iaea?eueoeo
aoa?eueieo ?iaeiaeu na?oo e Oe?a?ie, ?o oa?aeoa?enoeeo uiaei
n??/enoino?; iieacaii yeeie iniiaieie a?oiaie i?aaenoaaeaia n??ea
aoa?eey. Ia iniia? e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo ?icaeyiooi iniiai? iaoiaee
cian??/aiiy aoa?eey aai aeeiiaeo aac?a, ye? ooai?ththoueny a ?acoeueoao?
eiai niaethaaiiy ia OAN, iieacaii ?o ia?aaaae oa iaaeie?ee. Iaa?oioiaaii
aeioe?euei?noue i?aaaioeaiiai cian??/aiiy aoa?eey c iaia’yceiaith
ooee?caoe??th aoa?eueii? n??ee. Noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo oa caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiue.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iiaeaii oa?aeoa?enoeeo ne?iaeie, iienaii iaoiaeeee
i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaio?a oa aeine?aeaeaiue, c?iaeaii oa?iiaeeiai?/iee
aiae?c iiaeeeaeo oeyo?a i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano.
Aeey aeine?aeaeaiue aoei a?ae?a?aii i?aaenoaaieoeuee? i?iae aaciaiai
aoa?eey Euea?anueei-Aieeinueeiai (iaaeae? A12) oa Aeiiaoeueeiai (iaaeae?
A) aanaei?a oa aeiaaiiieoi’yiiai aoa?eey Euea?anueei-Aieeinueeiai
aanaeio (iaaeae? AeI). Aoa?eey iiae??aithaaeiny, ?icn?aaeiny ia o?aeoe??
ii e?oiiino? ca?ia; aeey an?o o?aeoe?e aoa?eey i?iaiaeeany oaoi?/iee
aiae?c, a oaeiae aecia/aiiy caaaeueiiai ai?noo n??ee oa ai?noo ??cieo
?? oi?i: i?aai?/ii?, i??eoii? ? noeueoaoii?.
Cian??/aiiy aoa?eey aea/aee ia eaai?aoi?i?e onoaiiaoe?, yea neeaaeaeany
c o?ueio iniiaieo aeie?a: ?aaeoi?iiai, i?eaiooaaiiy ? iiaea/?
ia?i-iia?o?yii? noi?o? oa aeiaethaaiiy eaoeeo i?iaeoeo?a ?aaeoe??.
Iaoa??aeueiee aaeain i?ioeano neeaaeaany ia iniia? caaaeoaaiue oa cai??o
aaciiiae?aieo i?iaeoeo?a ?aaeoe??. I?iaiaeeany aiae?c cian??/aiiai
aoa?eey, a a aaciiiae?aieo i?iaeoeoao aecia/aany ai?no SO2, CO2, CO,
N2, H2S oa aoaeaaiaeiaaeo aac?a.
Oa?iiaeeiai?/iee aiae?c iiaeeeaino? i?io?eaiiy ?aaeoe?e ieeneaiiy
i??eoo iieaco?, ui ia?aa?a ?aaeoe?e /a?ac noaae?th eiai aeenioe?aoe?? ia
FeS i S (iai?yiie ? 1) iiaeeeaee eeoa i?e oaiia?aoo?ao, aeueo a?ae 600
E. I?aeoe/i? aeai? iieacothoue, ui iacia/iee oa?i?/iee ?iceeaae i??eoo
(a caeaaeiino? a?ae oiia) ii/eia?oueny aaea i?e 473-523 E, i?ioa
?ioaineaiee ?iceeaae i??eoo ia? i?noea eeoa i?e oaiia?aoo?ao 723-773 E ?
aeueo. I?yia ieeneaiiy i??eoo (iai?yiie ?2) aaea i?e 500 E ia
e?i?oo?oueny aeinyaiaiiyi ??aiiaaae.
A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aea/aiiy aieeao oiia
i?iaaaeaiiy cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ia nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy n??ee, aeo?ae oa
ye?noue iniiaieo i?iaeoeo?a i?ioeano (cian??/aiiai aoa?eey, niiee
?iceeaaeo, aac?a cian??/aiiy). *eiieee, i?e yeeo i?iaiaeeeiny aea/aiiy
aieeao oiai /e ?ioiai ia?aiao?o ia i?ioean cian??/aiiy ??cieo ia?ie
aoa?eey aiane?aeie iaaieo i??eoaaiue, ui iaaaaeai? a aeena?oaoe??,
a?ae??ciyeeny (aeea. oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1
*eiieee i?ioean?a cian??/aiiy ??cieo ia?ie aoa?eey, ye? i?aeo?eioaaeeny
iino?eieie, i?e aeine?aeaeaii? aieeao ia?aiao??a i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioeano
ia nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy n??ee, aeo?ae oa ye?noue iniiaieo i?iaeoeo?a
Ia?ea aoa?eey Oaiia?a-oo?a i?ioeano, E O?eaae?noue i?ioeano, oa Ia`?iia
oaeaee?noue iiaea/? ieneaeaioo, Oaeae-e?noue ?ooo iene-aeaioo, Ai?no o
ieneaeaio?,
% ia., O?aeoe?y, ii
n-1 i/n I2 a.i.
I?e aea/aii? aieeao oaiia?aoo?e
A12 – 60 0.357 0.009 20.0 4.5 0.1-0.25
A – 60 0.365 0.015 7.9 62.5 0-0.1
AeI – 60 0.355 0.032 14.7 30.0 0.1-0.25
I?e aea/aii? aieeao o?eaaeino?
A12 673 – 0.317 0.021 4.5 20.0 0.1-0.25
A 623 – 0.365 0.015 7.9 62.5 0-0.1
AeI 723 – 0.355 0.032 14.7 30.0 0.1-0.25
I?e aea/aii? aieeao aeo?aoe ieneaeaioo
A12 673 30 – – 20.0 4.5 0.1-0.25
AeI 723 30 – – 14.7 30.0 0.1-0.25
I?e aea/aii? aieeao neeaaeo ieneaeaioo
A12 673 60 0.476 0.032 – – 0.1-0.25
AeI 723 30 0.355 0.032 – – 0.1-0.25
I?e iaeii/aniiio aea/aii? aieeao aeo?aoe oa neeaaeo ieneaeaioo
A 673 60 – – – – 0-0.1
I?e aea/aii? aieeao e?oiiino? ca?ia aoa?eey
A12 673 60 0.476 0.032 14.7 30.0 –
AeI 723 30 0.355 0.032 14.7 30.0 –
A 673 60 0.715 0.029 14.2 32.0 –
Anoaiiaeaii (aeea. ?en. 1 oa oaae. 2), ui i?e i?aeaeuaii? oaiia?aoo?e
i?ioeano ciaioothoueny aeo?ae cian??/aiiai aoa?eey oa noia?ia
e?euee?noue oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy, a aeo?ae niiee ?iceeaaeo
c?inoa?; aacia?a?aii c?inoa? nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee; aei
723 E ciaioo?oueny ai?no n??ee a cian??/aiiio aoa?ee? ?, ye iane?aeie
Oaaeeoey 2
Aieea oaiia?aoo?e i?ioeano ia aeo?ae oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
(oiiae i?ioeano aeea. oaae. 1)
Ia?ea Oaiia?aoo?a Aeo?ae, % ian.,
aoa?eey i?ioeano, E cian??/aiiai aoa?eey niiee ?iceeaaeo oaa?aeeo
i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
573 94.31 2.42 96.73
623 91.38 4.76 96.14
Aaciaa 673 88.61 6.54 95.15
(A12) 698 84.97 7.39 92.36
723 81.45 8.02 89.47
573 94.76 2.39 97.15
623 92.34 4.92 97.26
Aaciaa (A) 673 85.20 7.03 92.23
698 81.83 7.34 88.67
723 79.60 7.94 87.54
573 94.91 4.41 99.32
Aeiaaiii- 623 90.24 7.16 97.40
eoi`yia 673 82.58 7.80 90.38
(AeI) 698 69.71 9.77 79.48
723 68.40 9.80 78.20
748 60.47 12.84 73.31
oeueiai, c?inoa? nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy caaaeueii? n??ee oa ai?no ae?ieneaeo
n??ee o aacao cian??/aiiy; aeua 723 E /a?ac ??ceo ?ioaineo?eaoe?th
i?ioean?a aeai?yiiy aoa?eueii? iao?eoe? ai?no caeeoeiai? n??ee aeaui
c?inoa?, a nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy caaaeueii? n??ee oa ai?no SO2 o aacao
cian??/aiiy ciaioo?oueny. A ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? 673-698 E aiane?aeie
oiai, ui i?ioean ca ?aooiie naii?ic?a??ao ca?ia i??eoo ?ioaineaii
ii/eia? i?io?eaoe o iai?yieo ?1, ii/eia?oueny ??cea ca?eueoaiiy nooiaiy
aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee. I?e 723 E ? aenieeo cia/aiiyo e?i?eii?
oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo (aeiaaeie cian??/aiiy aoa?eey AeI)
aaea?oueny aeeo/eoe a?eueoa 99 % ian. i??eoii? n??ee. Aeoiaey/e c
iio?aae aeinyaiaiiy iaeneiaeueieo nooiaiy aeeo/aiiy n??ee oa ai?noo
ae?ieneaeo n??ee o aacao cian??/aiiy, iioeiaeueieie oaiia?aoo?aie
i?ioeano ne?ae aaaaeaoe 673-723 E. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aieeao
o?eaaeino? ia i?ioean iiaeaii ia ?en.2 oa o oaae. 3.
C ?acoeueoao?a oeeo aenia?eiaio?a aeaeii, ui i?e ca?eueoaii? o?eaaeino?
i?ioeano aeo?ae cian??/aiiai aoa?eey ciaioo?oueny, a niiee ?iceeaaeo –
c?inoa? (e??i cian??/aiiy aoa?eey AeI i?e 60 oa. ? aeua); noia?iee
aeo?ae oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy aei iaaii? iaae?, yea caeaaeeoue
a?ae oaiia?aoo?e i?ioeano, caeeoa?oueny iaci?iiei, a i?e iiaeaeueoiio
ca?eueoaii? ii/eia? ciaiooaaoeny, ui noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ca?eueoaiiyi
ai?noo i?iaeoeo?a cai?yiiy aoaeaoeth a aacao cian??/aiiy. Ai?no
ae?ieneaeo n??ee a aacao cian??/aiiy i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac iaeneioi, yeee
a?aeiia?aea? ia??iaeo iaea?eueoi? ?ioaineaiino? aeeo/aiiy i??eoii?
n??ee. *an, ia yeee i?eiaaea? oeae iaeneioi, oaeiae caeaaeeoue a?ae
oaiia?aoo?e i?ioeano. Iioeiaeueia cia/aiiy o?eaaeino? i?ioeano a
iniiaiiio caeaaeeoue a?ae eiai oaiia?aoo?e. I?e aeueo oaiia?aoo?ao
i?ioeano aeey iaeneiaeueiiai aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee iio??aiee iaioee
/an ia?aaoaaiiy aoa?eey a ?aaeoe?ei?e cii?. Iioeiaeueiiio ?ioa?aaeia?
oaiia?aoo? 673-723 E a?aeiia?aea? o?eaae?noue i?ioeano 60-30 oa.
Cian??/aiiy ne?ae i?iaiaeeoe i?e iaeneiaeueii iiaeeeaeo oaiia?aoo?ao,
i?e yeeo ua ia ni?eathoueny /anoeiee aoa?eey oa i?e i?i?iaeueiiio /an?
i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano, ui aeicaieeoue io?eioaaoe aace cian??/aiiy c
iaeneiaeueii iiaeeeaei ai?noii ae?ieneaeo n??ee a ieo oa iiai?noth
aeeo/aoe i??eoio n??eo, i?i?iaeueii ?oeioth/e i?e oeueiio i?aai?/io
iao?eoeth aoa?eey.
Aenia?eiaioaeueia /anoeia ii aea/aiith aieeao aeo?aoe oa neeaaeo
ieneaeaioo ia i?ioean i?iaiaeeeanue o oae?e iine?aeiaiino?: aea/aee
caeaaei?noue i?ioeano cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ia?ie A12 ? AeI a?ae aeo?aoe
ieneaeaioo, a iio?i i?e iino?ei?e aeo?ao? ieneaeaioo ci?ithaaee eiai
neeaae. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iiaeaii ia ?en. 3-4 oa o oaae. 4-5.
I?ioean cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ne?ae i?iaiaeeoe i?e yeiiiaa iaioeo aeo?aoao
ieneaeaioo, ine?eueee ca?eueoaiiy ia’?iii? oaeaeeino? iiaea/? ieneaeaioo
aoaea i?eaiaeeoe aei ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino? aac?a cian??/aiiy ?
ciaioaiiy ai?noo SO2 o ieo, a i?aeaeuaiiy e?i?eii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo
ieneaeaioo aoaea ni?eyoe ?ioaineaiiio aeiino iaeae??ai?oeo /anoeiie
aoa?eey. Oiio iniiaiith iaoith aoei anoaiiaeoe, i?e yeeo aeo?aoao
ieneaeaioo aeinyaa?oueny i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano a e?iaoe/i?e iaeano?. A
oiiaao i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue (aeea. oaae. 1) e?euee?noue eenith, ui
iiaeaaaeany ia iaeeieoeth iane aoa?eey, aoea uiiaeiaioa ??aiith
oai?aoe/i?e e?eueeino? eenith, iaiao?aei?e aeey ieeneaiiy an??? i??eoii?
n??ee. A?aoiaoth/e oea, a oaeiae oa, ui oaeaee?noue ieeneaiiy i??eoo ? a
aeae?eueea ?ac?a a?eueoith a?ae oaeaeeino? ieeneaiiy i?aai?/ii? iane
aoa?eey, iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui ia’?iia oaeaee?noue iiaea/? ieneaeaioo a
oiiaao aeine?aeaeaiiy ia iiaeiia nooo?ai aieeaaoe ia iniiaiee iieaciee
i?ioeano – nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee. Aeoiaey/e c aeuaneacaiiai,
i?e anoaiiaeaii? cia/aiue e?i?eii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo, ye?
caaacia/othoue ia?aa?a ?aaeoe?e ieeneaiiy i??eoo a e?iaoe/i?e iaeano?,
ii?yae c e?i?eiith oaeaee?noth ca?eueooaaee ? ia’?iio oaeaee?noue
iiaea/? ieneaeaioo.
Oaaeeoey 3
Aieea o?eaaeino? i?ioeano ia aeo?ae oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
(oiiae i?ioeano aeea. oaae. 1)
Ia?ea O?eaae?noue Aeo?ae, % ian.,
aoa?eey i?ioeano, oa. cian??/aiiai aoa?eey niiee ?iceeaaeo oaa?aeeo
i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
5 91.00 3.22 94.22
10 86.72 7.33 94.05
Aaciaa 15 82.65 10.71 93.36
(A12) 30 82.09 12.20 94.29
60 75.12 18.17 93.29
80 62.87 19.02 81.89
90 60.05 19.29 79.34
15 95.75 2.44 98.19
30 93.46 3.06 96.52
Aaciaa (A) 45 91.69 4.21 95.90
60 92.34 4.92 97.26
75 91.24 5.41 96.65
90 86.67 6.03 92.70
5 82.74 5.81 88.55
10 81.33 5.04 86.37
Aeiaaiii- 15 79.58 4.98 84.56
eo i`yia 30 73.55 10.32 83.87
(AeI) 45 72.50 11.46 83.96
60 68.40 9.80 78.20
80 66.37 9.83 76.20
90 64.32 9.77 74.09
C ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue aeaeii (aeea. ?en. 3), ui i?e aeo?aoao
ieneaeaioo, ye? a?aeiia?aeathoue oaeaeeinoyi eiai ?ooo, a?eueoei a?ae
0.021-0.026 i/n, a ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? 673-723 E caaaeueia oaeaee?noue
cian??/aiiy e?i?oo?oueny oaeaee?noth ?aaeoe?e ieeneaiiy i??eoii? n??ee,
oiaoi i?e oaeaeeinoyo ?ooo ieneaeaioo 0.016-0.026 i/n ? a?eueoeo i?ioean
ii/eia? i?io?eaoe nii/aoeo a ia?ao?aei?e, a iio?i a e?iaoe/i?e iaeanoyo.
Oaaeeoey 4
Aieea aeo?aoe ieneaeaioo ia aeo?ae oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
(oiiae i?ioeano aeea. oaae. 1)
Ia?ea Ia`?iia Oaeaee?noue Aeo?ae, % ian.,
aoa?eey oaeaee?noue iiaea/? ieneaeaioo, n-1 ?ooo ieneaeaioo, i/n
cian??/aiiai aoa?eey niiee ?iceeaaeo oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
0.119 0.008 84.00 13.82 97.82
Aaciaa 0.238 0.016 82.24 15.13 97.37
(A12) 0.317 0.021 82.09 12.20 94.29
0.396 0.026 73.82 16.93 90.75
0.555 0.037 67.44 18.39 85.83
0.089 0.008 84.63 6.44 91.07
Aeiaaiii- 0.178 0.016 81.60 8.96 90.56
eo i`yia 0.237 0.021 74.51 8.82 83.33
(AeI) 0.296 0.026 74.63 7.74 82.37
0.355 0.032 73.55 10.32 83.87
0.414 0.037 72.70 11.51 84.21
Oaaeeoey 5
Aieea neeaaeo ieneaeaioo ia aeo?ae oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy
(oiiae i?ioeano aeea. oaae. 1)
Ia?ea
aoa?eey Ai?no o ieneaeaio?,
% ia., Aeo?ae, % ian.,
I2 a.i. cian??/aiiai aoa?eey niiee ?iceeaaeo oaa?aeeo i?iaeoeo?a
cian??/aiiy
20.95 0.0 62.89 3.25 66.14
20.0 4.5 62.47 10.68 73.15
17.8 15.0 63.50 12.25 75.75
Aaciaa 14.7 30.0 69.95 10.72 80.67
(A12) 12.6 40.0 70.42 14.17 84.59
10.5 50.0 83.63 10.62 94.25
6.3 70.0 89.06 9.36 98.42
0.0 100.0 84.68 15.17 99.85
20.95 0.0 67.04 4.21 71.25
20.0 4.5 67.77 5.98 73.75
Aeiaaiiieo- 14.7 30.0 73.55 10.32 83.87
i`yia (AeI) 10.5 50.0 77.96 8.55 86.51
6.3 70.0 78.41 13.29 91.70
Iiaeaeueo? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui aeey oiai, uia ia’?iia
oaeaee?noue iiaea/? ieneaeaioo i?aeoe/ii ia aieeaaea ia nooi?iue
aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee, e?euee?noue eenith, ui iiaea?oueny ia
iaeeieoeth iane aoa?eey, iiaeiia aooe aeaui a?eueoith (a caeaaeiino?
a?ae oiia i?ioeano oa nooiaiy aeei?enoaiiy eenith) a?ae oai?aoe/ii
iaiao?aeii? aeey iiaiiai ieeneaiiy i??eoii? n??ee. Oiio aeey oi/iiai
aecia/aiiy, i?e ye?e oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo a?aeaoaa?oueny ci?ia
iaeano? i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano a ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? 673-723 E, i?e
iino?ei?e ia’?ii?e oaeaeeino? iiaea/? aoei i?iaaaeaii aea/aiiy aieeao
e?i?eii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo ia nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee
aoa?eey ia?ie AeI ? A12 i?e O1 = 673 E ? T2 = 723 E. Ia iniia?
i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ia/eneaii oaiia?aoo?iee eiao?oe??io ?aaeoe?e
cian??/aiiy. Ca?aeii c i?iaaaeaieie ia/eneaiiyie ia ?en. 5 iiaoaeiaaii
caeaaei?noue oaiia?aoo?iiai eiao?oe??ioo a?ae oaeaeeino? ?ooo
ieneaeaioo. sse aeaeii c ?en. 5, oaiia?aoo?iee eiao?oe??io ?aaeoe?e
cian??/aiiy caeaaeeoue a?ae oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo o?eueee ia
i?ii?aeeo 0.016-0.026 i/n, oiaoi a ia?ao?aei?e iaeano?, eiee i?aeaeuaiiy
oaiia?aoo?e o ?aaeoi?? aieeaa? ia oaeaee?noue iaaeoiaeaeaiiy
ia?i-iia?o?yii? noi?o? aei ca?ia i??eoo ??aiioe?iii aieeao ia naio
?aaeoe?th, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo? ?acoeueoaoe iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiue.
I?e ca?eueoaii? aeo?aoe ieneaeaioo ciaioo?oueny aeo?ae cian??/aiiai
aoa?eey, a niiee ?iceeaaeo – c?inoa?. Noia?iee aeo?ae oaa?aeeo
i?iaeoeo?a cian??/aiiy, ii/eiath/e c iaaii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo,
??cei ciaioo?oueny. Ai?no ae?ieneaeo n??ee (ca aeiyoeii i?ii?aeeo ci?ie
iaeano? i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano) aacia?a?aii ciaioo?oueny. Ioaea
iioeiaeueieie cia/aiiyie oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo ? 0.026-0.032 i/n,
/iio iiaeii? a?aeiia?aeaoe ia`?ii? oaeaeeino? iiaea/? ieneaeaioo ia
a?eueo? a?ae 0.30-0.48 n-1 (a caeaaeiino? a?ae ianeiii? iane naiiai
aoa?eey).
Ca?eueoaiiy ai?noo aiaeyii? ia?e o ia?i-iia?o?yi?e noi?o? (aeea. ?en. 4
? oaae. 5) i?ecaiaeeoue aei ca?eueoaiiy aeoiaeo cian??/aiiai aoa?eey oa
niiee ?iceeaaeo. Aaaaeaiiy iaaieo e?eueeinoae aiaeyii? ia?e a ieneaeaio
?ioaineo?eo? i?ioean cian??/aiiy, ui i?iyaey?oueny a ca?eueoaii? nooiaiy
aeeo/aiiy n??ee (caaaeueii? ? i??eoii?). Iiaeaeueoa ca?eueoaiiy ai?noo
aiaeyii? ia?e a ieneaeaio? i?eaiaeeoue aei ciaioaiiy nooiaiy aeeo/aiiy
n??ee, ui ? iane?aeeii ianoa/? eenith oa ciaioaiiy iiaiioe eiai
aeei?enoaiiy. C oi/ee ci?o aeinyaiaiiy iaeneiaeueieo cia/aiue nooiaiy
aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee oa ai?noo SO2 o aacao cian??/aiiy ?
i?i?iaeueiiai ?oeioaaiiy i?e oeueiio aoa?eueii? iao?eoe? iioeiaeueiee
ai?no eenith a ia?i-iia?o?yi?e noi?o? ? 10.5-17.8 % ia., ui a?aeiia?aea?
ai?noo aiaeyii? ia?e 15-50 % ia.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?iaaaeai? c aoa?eeyi ia?ie A12 ? AeI, aecia/eee i?e
yeeo cia/aiiyo e?i?eii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo ne?ae i?iaiaeeoe
aeanoeueoo?ecaoe?th aoa?eey, oiio i?iaiaeeoe aiaeia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy c
aoa?eeyi A ia aoei iaiao?aeii. Aeey oiai, uia iaea?aeaoe ?acoeueoaoe
aeey iioei?caoe?? i?ioeano i?e iaio?e e?eueeino? aenia?eiaio?a, i?ioean
cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ia?ee A i?iaiaeeee i?e iino?ei?e aeo?ao? aiaeyii?
ia?e, a oeyoii ci?ie e?eueeino? iia?o?y ci?ithaaee iaeii/anii aeo?aoo oa
neeaae ia?i-iia?o?yii? noi?o?. Ine?eueee oe? aeine?aeaeaiiy ianooue
iaaiee ?ioi?iaoeaiee oa?aeoa?, oi ?o oaeiae iaaaaeaii o aeaiiio
?icae?e?. Iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao aeo?aoe oa
neeaaeo ieneaeaioo ia i?ioean cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ia?ee A i?iaiaeeeinue
?ioei oeyoii, iaea?aeai? aeai? i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue ?acoeueoaoe
aiaeia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoa?eey ia?ie A12 ? AeI: i?aeoe/ii iiaiiai
aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee (nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy – 93.4 %) aaea?oueny
aeinyaoe i?e oaeaeeino? ieneaeaioo ia ??ai? 0.03 i/n oa ai?no? aiaeyii?
ia?e a iueiio i?eaeecii 30 % ia.
Iiia?aaei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue c aoa?eeyi, ?ici?? ca?ia yeiai
aoa aeecueeei aei iioeiaeueiiai c oi/ee ci?o iiaeaeueoiai niaethaaiiy
eiai ia OAN (aeea. oaae. 1). I?ioa aoa?eey, yea aeei?enoiao?oueny ia
OAN, ia ? iaeii??aeiei ca o?aeoe?eiei neeaaeii uiaei e?oiiino? eiai
ca?ai ? a iueiio iiaeooue i?noeoeny a?eueo? /anoeiee. Oiio, uia aea/eoe,
ye aieeaa? oiieia iiiieo ia neeaae oa ye?noue i?iaeoeo?a,
aeine?aeaeoaaee i?ioean cian??/aiiy ??cieo o?aeoe?e an?o ia?ie aoa?eey.
?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaio?a iiaeaii ia ?en. 6. ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaee, ui iacaeaaeii a?ae ia?ee aoa?eey, ai?noo n??ee
a iueiio oa oiia i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioeano, ?ici??e ca?ia aoa?eey iiaeii?
aooe iaioeie a?ae 0.3 ii, ine?eueee i?e iiaeaeueoiio ca?eueoaii?
e?oiiino? /anoeiie aoa?eey i?io?eaiiy cian??/aiiy e?i?oo?oueny
aioo??oiueiaeeooc?eieie i?ioeanaie, ui niia?eueith? caaaeueio
oaeaee?noue ieeneaiiy (ciaioo?oueny nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy n??ee).
Iaaeioe?eueii oaeiae iiae??aithaaoe aoa?eey ieae/a 0.1 ii, ine?eueee oea
iia’ycaii c aeiaeaoeiaeie aia?aaoe/ieie cao?aoaie e ia ni?ey?
?ioaineo?eaoe?? i?ioeano.
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo. Ia iniia? aeine?aeaeaiue, iienaieo o ?icae.
3, aeaaaeaii ??aiyiiy caeaaeiinoae iniiaieo oaoiieia?/ieo iieaciee?a
i?ioeano a?ae ia?aiao??a eiai i?iaaaeaiiy. Ia iniia? iaea?aeaieo
caeaaeiinoae iaoiaeii e?i?eiiai i?ia?aioaaiiy ciaeaeaii iioeiaeuei?
cia/aiiy /eiiee?a i?iaaaeaiiy cian??/aiiy eiaeii? c ia?ie aoa?eey, ye?
aeicaieythoue aeinyaoe iaeneiaeueiiai ai?noo ae?ieneaeo n??ee o aacao
cian??/aiiy i?e nooiai? aeeo/aiiy i??eoii? n??ee, a?eueoiio a?ae 95 %,
oa aeoiae? cian??/aiiai aoa?eey, a?eueoiio a?ae 65 %. Iioeiaeuei? oiiae
cian??/aiiy ??cieo ia?ie aoa?eey iiaeaii o oaae. 6.
O i’yoiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii iaoa??aeuei? aaeaine i?ioean?a (aeea.
oaae. 7) cian??/aiiy o?ueio ia?ie aoa?eey, ye? i?iaiaeeeeny a ciaeaeaieo
iioeiaeueieo oiiaao; aenia?eiaioaeuei? ?acoeueoaoe aeia?a
ocaiaeaeothoueny c ?ic?aooieiaeie.
Oaaeeoey 6
Iioeiaeuei? oiiae i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioean?a cian??/aiiy ??cieo ia?ie aoa?eey
Ia?ea Cia/aiiy /eiiee?a i?ioeano
aoa?eey Oaiia?a-oo?a, E O?eaae?noue, oa. E?i?eia oaeaee?noue ?ooo
iene-aeaioo, i/n Ia’?iia oaeaee?noue iiaea/? iene-aeaioo, n-1 Ai?no
aiaeyii? ia?e o iene-aeaio?, % ia. Ai?no eenith o ieneaeaio?, % ia.
A12 723 56 0.029 0.442 50 10.5
A 723 10 0.025 0.231 50 10.5
AeI 723 45 0.032 0.355 50 10.5
Oaaeeoey 7
Iaoa??aeuei? aaeaine i?ioean?a cian??/aiiy aoa?eey
Noaoo? aaeaino Ia?ea aoa?eey
Aaciaa (A12) Aaciaa (A) Aeiaaiiieoi`-
yia (AeI)
Acyoi, % ian. ia ne?iaeio:
1. Aoa?eey 100.00 100.00 100.00
a o. /. n??ea 7.85 2.17 3.79
2. Ia?i-iia?o?yia noi?o 215.33 30.66 176.00
a o. /. eenaiue 49.74 7.08 40.66
aiaeyia ia?a 82.47 11.74 67.41
Anueiai: 315.33 130.66 276.00
Iaea?aeaii, % ian. ia ne?iaeio:
1. Cian??/aia aoa?eey 69.67 74.67 72.70
a o. /. n??ea 1.31 0.81 1.02
2. Niiea ?iceeaaeo 11.00 14.47 13.65
a o. /. n??ea 0.36 0.31 0.11
3. Aace cian??/aiiy 140.33 24.39 113.65
a o. /. SO2 12.14 2.05 5.14
aoaeaaiaei? N1-N3 1.56 0.32 2.17
NI 3.09 0.75 1.70
NI2 23.21 2.81 21.22
I2 2.53 0.67 2.11
N2 97.80 17.79 81.31
4. Eiiaeainao ? ao?aoe 94.33 17.13 76.00
Anueiai: 315.33 130.66 276.00
Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue cai?iiiiiaaii i?eioeeiiao
oaoiieia?/io noaio onoaiiaee cian??/aiiy aoa?eey (aeea. ?en. 7). Noaia
iiaea i?aoethaaoe ye naiino?eia onoaiiaea, aai ye ia?oa noaae?y
niaethaaiiy aoa?eey ia OAN.
Iiae??aiaia o ieei? (2) aoa?eey i?e aeiiiiic? aaciaeoaee (3)
iiaea?oueny a aoiea? (4), ca?aeee i?e aeiiiiic? ne?aaeiaiai aeicaoi?a –
o aa?oith naeoe?th ooee?caoi?a oaiea (5), aea iaa??aa?oueny aei 523-593
E ca ?aooiie ioieiaeaeaiiy aac?a cian??/aiiy. A ooee?caoi? (5) ia
aa?aoe?th iiaeathoueny iaaaeee? e?eueeino? aeeiiaeo aac?a c OAN. Iaa??oa
aoa?eey cneia?oueny a ?aaeoi?, ui neeaaea?oueny c aeaio cii: ieaeiuei? –
?aaeoe?eii? (7) oa aa?oiuei? – naia?aoe?eii? (8). O ?aaeoe?ei?e cii? (7)
a?aeaoaa?oueny eiioaeo aoa?eey c ia?i-iia?o?yiith noi?ooth i?e 673-723 E
oa naeaeoeaia aeai?yiiy i??eoii? n??ee. Ieaeiy /anoeia ?aaeoe?eii?
naeoe?? (7) aeeiio? ?ieue oaieiiai?iieea, o yeiio ca ?aooiie
ioieiaeaeaiiy aoa?eey ia 75-100 E aeia?iao?oueny oa iaa??aa?oueny aei
453-493 E iiia?aaeiuei i?ae?a??oa o ?aaeoe?ei?e cii? aiaea aai aiaeyia
ia?a; ooo aea ooai?th?oueny ia?i-iia?o?yia noi?o. I?iaeoeoe ?aaeoe??
iinooiathoue o naeoe?th (8), aea a?ae ieo a?aeae?ey?oueny aoa?eueiee
iee, a iio?i aaciaeoaeith (9) iiaeathoueny a ieaeith (?iciiae?eue/o) (6)
naeoe?th ooee?caoi?a oaiea, ca?aeee iinooiathoue o eiai aa?oith naeoe?th
(5), aea ioieiaeaeothoueny aei oaiia?aoo?e 393- 423 E. Ioieiaeaeai?
aeeiia? aace, aiaeyia ia?a ? niiea ?iceeaaeo iinooiathoue o
naia?aoi? (10). Cieco naeoe?? (6) oa naia?aoi?a (10) aeaiaeeoueny niiea
?iceeaaeo.
?en. 7. I?eioeeiiaa oaoiieia?/ia noaia onoaiiaee cian??/aiiy aoa?eey.
? – na?aea aoa?eey; ?? – cian??/aia iaioieiaeaeaia aoa?eey; ??? –
cian??/aia ioieiaeaeaia aoa?eey; IV – niiea ?iceeaaeo; V – aeeiia?
aace c OAN; VI – ioieiaeaeai? aeeiia? aace; VII – iia?o?y; VIII –
i/euai? aace cian??/aiiy; IX – eiioeaio?iaaiee SO2; X – aiaeyia ia?a;
XI – na?aea aiaea.
Cian??/aia aoa?eey c (7) iinooia? a eioeiaa?aaaoe OAN i?e oaiia?aoo?ao,
ia 75-100 E ieae/eo a?ae oaiia?aoo?e ?aaeoe??, aai ioieiaeaeo?oueny
iia?o?yi o aeiiniiio oaieiiai?iieeo (13) ? o?ainii?oo?oueny aei i?noey
naiai i?ecia/aiiy. sseui aoa?eey ia iinooia? a (13), oi iia?o?y
iaa??aa?oueny aei iio??aii? oaiia?aoo?e ca ?aooiie oaiea aeeiiaeo aac?a
OAN o oaieiiai?iieeo (14).
Aace cian??/aiiy iinooiathoue o ne?oaa? (15), aea ioieiaeaeothoueny e
aeii/euathoueny a?ae aoa?eueiiai ieeo. Inoaii?e ?acii c aaeainiaith
e?euee?noth aiaee (o aeaeyae? aiaeii-aoa?eueii? ioeueie) iiaea?oueny a
ieaeith /anoeio ?aaeoe?eii? ciie (7). Iniiaia iana aiaee /a?ac
oieiaeeeueiee (17) iiaa?oa?oueny ia c?ioaiiy ne?oaa?a (15). Aeii/euai?
aace cian??/aiiy iiaeathoueny a aani?aa? (20), yeee c?ioo?oueny aiaeiei
?ic/eiii noeueo?o-a?noeueo?oo aiii?th. Ooo a?ae ieo a?aeae?ey?oueny
ae?ieneae n??ee, ? aace aeaiaeyoueny c onoaiiaee. Iane/aiee aiaeiee
?ic/ei noeueo?o-a?noeueo?oo aiii?th ca?eueiy?oueny a?ae aaeainiai?
e?eueeino? SO2 o aeani?aa?? (23). I?niee ?ic/ei noeueo?o-a?noeueo?oo
aiii?th /a?ac oaieiiai?iiee (22) ? oieiaeeeueiee (25) iiaa?oa?oueny ia
c?ioaiiy aani?aa?a (20).
AENIIAEE
1. ?ic?iaeaii o?ceei-o?i?/i? iniiae oaoiieia?? ieneaeaoe?eiiai
cian??/aiiy iecueeiiaoaii?o?ciaaiiai aoa?eey, yea ia? aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy
aeey aoa?eueii? oa aia?aaoe/ii? i?iieneiainoae.
2. I?ioean naeaeoeaii? ieneaeaoe?? i??eoo ia?i-iia?o?yiith noi?ooth i?e
673-723 E caaacia/o? i?aeoe/ii iiaia aeeo/aiiy c aoa?eey i??eoii? n??ee.
O i?ioean? cian??/aiiy c aeniein??eiaiai aoa?eey iaea?aeothoueny
iaein??eiaa oaa?aea iaeeai (cian??/aia aoa?eey) ? iaaaeeea e?euee?noue
niiee ?iceeaaeo, a any aeeo/aia c aoa?eey n??ea ieeneth?oueny aei SO2 ?
aeaiaeeoueny c aacaie cian??/aiiy.
3. I?e oaiia?aoo?ao, ieae/eo a?ae 723 E, ?ioaineaii i?io?ea? o?eueee
i?yia ieeneaiiy i??eoo aei Fe2O3 i SO2, a i?e aeueo – /a?ac noaae?th
eiai aeenioe?aoe?? ia FeS i S aai ca ci?oaiei iai?yieii. Aaeeeee
aecioa?i?/iee aoaeo ?aaeoe?? ieeneaiiy i??eoo oa iecueea
oaieii?ia?aei?noue aoa?eey ni?eythoue ooai?aiith iaaeiei ca?ai i??eoo
eieaeueieo oaieiaeo iie?a, oaiia?aoo?e yeeo ia 25-50 E aeu? a?ae
oaiia?aoo?e a ?aaeoi??, caaaeyee /iio noai?ththoueny oiiae aeey i?yiiai
ieeneaiiy i??eoo ? /a?ac noaae?th eiai aeenioe?aoe??, ui aaaea aei
?ioaineo?eaoe?? i?ioean?a aeeo/aiiy n??ee.
4. Aea/aii aieea oaoiieia?/ieo /eiiee?a ia nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy n??ee,
aeo?ae cian??/aiiai aoa?eey, niiee ?iceeaaeo ? ai?no ae?ieneaeo n??ee a
aacao cian??/aiiy. Iieacaii, ui nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy n??ee ca?eueoo?oueny
i?e i?aeaeuaii? oaiia?aoo?e i?ioeano, eiai o?eaaeino? oa e?i?eii?
oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo ia aoiae? a oa? aoa?eey a?ae 0.008 aei 0.026
i/n, aaaaeaii? aei neeaaeo ieneaeaioo 15-50 % ia. aiaeyii? ia?e ?
ciaioaii? ?ici??o /anoeiie aoa?eey ieae/a 0.3 ii. Aeo?ae cian??/aiiai
aoa?eey ciaioo?oueny i?e c?inoaii? oaiia?aoo?e ? o?eaaeino? i?ioeano,
ca?eueoaii? e?i?eii? oaeaeeino? ?ooo ieneaeaioo ? ciaioaii? ai?noo
aiaeyii? ia?e a ia?i-iia?o?yi?e noi?o?. Eiioeaio?aoe?y ae?ieneaeo n??ee
a aacao cian??/aiiy iaeneiaeueia i?e o?eaaeino? i?ioeano 5-10 oa. ?
c?inoa? c i?aeaeuaiiyi oaiia?aoo?e i?ioeano, ciaioaiiyi ia’?iii?
oaeaeeino? iiaea/? ieneaeaioo oa c i?aeaeuaiiyi ai?noo aiaeyii? ia?e a
ieneaeaio?. I?e cian??/aii? aoa?eey, ?ici?? ca?ia yeiai ia ia?aaeuo? 0.3
ii, a ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? 673-723 E e?i?eia oaeaee?noue ?ooo ieneaeaioo
ia aoiae? a oa? aoa?eey 0.026-0.032 i/n caaacia/o? ia?aa?a i?ioeano a
e?iaoe/i?e iaeano?.
5. Iaoiaeii iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy aenia?eiaioo ciaeaeaii
iioeiaeuei? oiiae i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioean?a ieneaeaoe?eiiai cian??/aiiy
aoa?eey. Neeaaeaii iaoa??aeuei? aaeaine i?ioean?a aeanoeueoo?ecaoe??
aeaio ia?ie aaciaiai oa iaeii? aeiaaiiieoi`yiiai aoa?eey .
6. Iaaaeee? ia`?ie aac?a cian??/aiiy ? aenieee ai?no a ieo ae?ieneaeo
n??ee noai?ththoue ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey ooee?caoe?? aoa?eueii? n??ee ?
ciaioaiiy caa?oaeiaiiy aeiae?eey.
7. Cai?iiiiiaaii i?eioeeiiao oaoiieia?/io noaio onoaiiaee
ieneaeaoe?eiiai cian??/aiiy aoa?eey, yea iiaea i?aoethaaoe naiino?eii
aai ye ia?oa noaae?y niaethaaiiy aoa?eey ia OAN.
8. Iieacaii aeiiii?/io aeioe?euei?noue ?aae?caoe?? i?ioeano cian??/aiiy
aoa?eey o aia?aaoe/i?e aai aoa?euei?e i?iieneiainoyo.
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii o ?iaioao:
1. Ieo`?a N. A., Aaeaaiiae/ A. ?. Eaai?aoi?ia onoaiiaea cian??/aiiy
aoa?eey ieneaeaoe?eiei iaoiaeii // O?i?y, oaoiieia?y ?a/iaei oa ?o
canoinoaaiiy. A?niee Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea
iie?oaoi?ea”. – Euea?a, 1996. – ? 298. – N. 96-98.
2. Neaei?iae/ ss. E., Aaeaaiiae/ A. ?., Ieo`?a N. A., Nei`ye I. ?.,
Neaei?iae/ I. ss. I?iaeaie cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ? ooee?caoe?? aoa?eueii?
n??ee // Aoa?eey Oe?a?ie. – 1997. – ? 2-3. – N. 29-31.
3. Ieo`?a N. A., Aaeaaiiae/ A. ?., ?aaieoei A. A. Aieea aeayeeo /eiiee?a
ia iieacieee yeino? ieneaeaoe?eii? aeanoeueoo?ecaoe?? aoa?eey // O?i?y,
oaoiieia?y ?a/iaei oa ?o canoinoaaiiy. A?niee Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”. – Euea?a, 1997. – ? 316. – N. 103-105.
4. Ieo`?a N. A., Aaeaaiiae/ A. ?., A?aoe/ae I.I. Aea/aiiy i?ioeano
cian??/aiiy aeiaaiiieoi’yiiai aoa?eey // O?i?y, oaoiieia?y ?a/iaei oa ?o
canoinoaaiiy. A?niee Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea
iie?oaoi?ea”. – Euea?a, 1997. – ? 333. – N. 178-181.
5. Ieoaeei A?aoe/ae, Na?a?e Ieo’?a, Aaneeue Aaeaaiiae/, A?eoi??y Eaiae.
Ieneaeaoe?eia cian??/aiiy aoa?eey Euea?anueei-Aieeinueeiai aanaeio //
O?i?y, oaoiieia?y ?a/iaei oa ?o canoinoaaiiy. A?niee Aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”. – Euea?a, 1998. – ? 342. – N.
249-258.
6. Aaneeue Aaeaaiiae/, Na?a?e Ieo’?a. Iaea?aeaiiy iaein??eiaiai
oaa?aeiai iaeeaa c aeniein??eiaiai aoa?eey // Oace iaoe. eiio. aei
70-??//y eaoaae?e o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? ia?a?iaee iaooe oa aaco ?
150-??//y “Euea?anueei? iie?oaoi?ee”.-Euea?a. – 1994. – N. 104.
7. Na?a?e Ieo’?a, Aaneeue Aaeaaiiae/, Ieoaeei A?aoe/ae. Aeioe?euei?noue
i?eaaioeaiiai cian??/aiiy aoa?eey ? ei?ioea oa?aeoa?enoeea i?ioeano //
Oace II-? i?aeia?. iaoe.-i?. eiio. “Oi?aae?iiy aia?aiaeei?enoaiiyi”. –
Euea?a. – 1997. – N. 84.
8. Na?a?e Ieo’?a, Aaneeue Aaeaaiiae/, Ieoaeei A?aoe/ae. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
?ie? aiaeyii? ia?e a i?ioean? ieneaeaoe?eiiai cian??/aiiy aoa?eey //
Oace VI-? iaoe. eiio. “Euea?anuee? o?i?/i? /eoaiiy”. – Euea?a. – 1997. –
N. 216.
9. Ieoaeei A?aoe/ae, Aaneeue Aaeaaiiae/, Na?a?e Ieo’?a, A?eoi??y Eaiae.
Aeei?enoaiiy aeniein??eiaiai aoa?eey – iaeei c oeyo?a iiaeieaiiy
aia?aaoe/ii? e?ece // Oace ?-? iaoe.-oaoi. eiio. “Iinooi a
iaooiaaciia?a?iai?e ? iaooio?i?/i?e i?iieneiaino?”. – Euea?a. – 1998.
-N. 80.
AIIOAOe?ss
Ieo’?a N.A. Ieneaeaoe?eia aeanoeueoo?ecaoe?y aeniein??eiaiai
iecueeiiaoaii?o?ciaaiiai aoa?eey. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.17.07 – o?i?/ia oaoiieia?y iaeeaa. – Aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”, Euea?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ieoaiiyi ioi?iie aeiae?eey oa aeei?enoaiiy
aeniein??eiaiai aoa?eey ye ne?iaeie aeey iaea?aeaiiy aia?a?? e n??eiaeo
niieoe. Oia?oa aeaoaeueii aea/aii i?ioean naeaeoeaiiai ieeneaiiy
i??eoii? n??ee iecueeiiaoaii?o?ciaaiiai aoa?eey a eeiey/iio oa??, yeee
noai?th?oueny oeyoii iiaea/? ia?i-iia?o?yii? noi?o?. Iieacaii
iiaeeea?noue io?eiaiiy aac?a cian??/aiiy c ii??aiyii aenieei ai?noii
ae?ieneaeo n??ee, ui aea? ciiao aeeo/aoe inoaii?e iaeiei c a?aeiieo
oeeee?/ieo iaoiae?a. Iaaaaeaii aea/aiiy aieeao iniiaieo oiia i?ioeano ia
nooi?iue aeeo/aiiy n??ee, aeo?ae oa ye?noue iniiaieo i?iaeoeo?a.
Anoaiiaeaii ca`ycie i?ae /eiieeaie i?ioeano oa ooieoe?yie eiai
a?aeeeeeo; c aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeo e?i?eiiai i?ia?aioaaiiy ciaeaeaii
iioeiaeuei? oiiae aeanoeueoo?ecaoe?? o?ueio ??cieo c?ace?a aoa?eey.
?ic?iaeaii iniiae aia?aicaa??aath/i?, “aeieia?/ii /enoi?” oaoiieia?? oa
cai?iiiiiaaii i?eioeeiiao noaio i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioeano cian??/aiiy
aoa?eey.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: cian??/aiiy, aeniein??eiaa aoa?eey, i??eoia n??ea,
ae?ieneae n??ee, ia?i-iia?o?yia noi?o.
Summary
Pyshjev S.V. Oxidized Desulphurization of High-Sulphur
Low-metamorphismous Coal. – Manuscript.
A thesis for Ph. D. award (technical sciences) on speciality 05.17.07 –
chemical technology of fuel. – Lvivska Polytechnica State University,
Lviv, 1999.
The thesis is dedicated to some questions of environmental protection
and high-sulphur coal using as raw material for energy (power) and
sulphur compounds obtaining. Selective oxidation of pyrite sulphur of
low-metamorphismous coal via fluid process, which proceeds as a result
of steam-air mix handling, has been in detail studied for the first
time. The possibility of desulphurization gases obtaining with high
sulphur dioxide content has been shown. It permits to remove the latter
by one of known cyclic methods. The influence of main process conditions
upon sulphur removing degree, yield and quality of products was studied.
It has been determined the dependence between process factors and
functions of its recalling; it has been found the optimal conditions of
desulphurization on example of three different samples of coal with
the use of linear programmed method. The principles of “ecological
purified” technology were elaborated. Principled scheme of the
desulphurization coal process leading has been proposed.
Key words: desulphurization, high-sulphur coal, pyrite sulphur, sulphur
dioxide, steam-air mix.
AIIIOAOeEss
I(oueaa N.A. Ieneaeaoeeiiiay aeanoeueoo?ecaoeey a(nieina?ienoiai
ieceiiaoaii?oece?iaaiiai oaey. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.17.07 – oeie/aneay oaoiieiaey oiieeaa. –
Ainoaea?noaaii(e oieaa?neoao “Eueaianeay iieeoaoieea”, Eueaia, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai io?ai( ie?oaeathuae n?aae( e
eniieueciaaiey a(nieina?ienoiai oaey eae n(?uey aeey iieo/aiey yia?aee e
na?ieno(o niaaeeiaiee.
Eniieueciaaiey /anoe oaeae, eioi?(a aeia(aathony, cao?oaeiyaony ec-ca
a(nieiai niaea?aeaiey a i(i na?(. Iaeioi?ia eiee/anoai eaaeiaeinooiiiai
oaey ii yoie aea i?e/eia aiiaua ia aeia(aaaony, iineieueeo
eniieueciaaiea oaeiai oaey ia OYN aea/(o ca niaie a(a?in( a aoiinoa?o
na?ienoiai aiaeae?eaea, eioi?(e, a naith i/a?aaeue, i?aa?auaaony a
na?ienooth e na?ioth eeneio(. Eiiaeaine?oynue a aicaeooa, iie a(iaaeatho
ai iiiaeo ?aeiiao ie?a a aeaea “eeneioi(o aeiaeaeae”. Yoe aeiaeaee
a?aaeii aeeytho ia caei?iauea ethaeae, oie/oiaeatho eani(a iannea(,
iaiinyo iiiaeanoai ei(o yeieiae/aneeo ?ac?ooaiee.
Enoiaey ec a(oaneacaiiiai, i?aaeeiaeaii ia?aaao(aaoue oaee
ia?i-aicaeooiie nianueth i?e 698-723 E aeey oaeaeaiey /anoe niaea?aeeiie
a ieo na?(. Iiae aeaenoaeai ia?i-aicaeooiie niane, ie?eoiay na?a,
eioi?ay niaea?aeeony a oaeyo, i?aa?auaaony a aeeieneae e a(aiaeeony
aianoa n aacaie iaanna?eaaiey. Enoiaey ec oiai, /oi iniiao na?(
a(nieina?ieno(o e na?ieno(o oaeae ninoaaeyao a( ie?eoiay oi?ia, a oiaea
i?ioeanna ec a(oaoiiiyioo(o oaeae oaeaaony iieo/aoue ieceina?ienoia
oaa?aeia oiieeai e aac( iaanna?eaaiey. Iaaieueoea ia(ai( aacia
iaanna?eaaiey e n?aaieoaeueii a(nieay eiioeaio?aoeey a ieo na?ienoiai
aiaeae?eaea (a n?aaiaiee n ae(iia(ie aacaie OYN) aeaaeoo aiciiaeiinoue
ecaeaeaoue iineaaeiee iaeiei ec ecaanoi(o oeeeee/aneeo iaoiaeia.
I?iaaaeaiea i?ioeanna i?e n?aaieoaeueii ieceeo oaiia?aoo?ao (698-723 E)
i?aaeioa?auaao a(nieioaiia?aoo?ioth ei??iceth iai?oaeiaaiey, eioi?ay
eiaao ianoi i?e naeeaaiee a(nieina?ieno(o oaeae ia OYN.
A aeenna?oaoeee i?eaaaeai( enneaaeiaaiey ii aeeyieth oaiia?aoo?( e
a?aiaie i?ioaeaiey i?ioeanna, ?anoiaea e ninoaaa ia?i-aicaeooiie niane,
a oaeaea e?oiiinoe /anoeoe oaey ia aeoaeio ecaea/aiey na?(, a(oiae e
ea/anoai iniiai(o i?iaeoeoia i?ioeanna. Iaeaeaii iaoaiaoe/aneoth
caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo iniiai(ie ia?aiao?aie i?ioeanna e ooieoeeyie aai
ioc(aa; i?e iiiiue iaoiaea eeiaeiiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey ii?aaeaeai(
iioeiaeuei(a oneiaey aeanoeueoo?ecaoeee o?(o ?acee/i(o aeaeia oaey.
?ac?aaioaii iniia( yia?ainio?aiythuae, “yeieiae/anee /enoie” oaoiieiaee
eniieueciaaiey na?ieno(o e a(nieina?ieno(o oaeae e i?aaeeiaeaii
i?eioeeieaeueioth oaoiieiae/aneoth noaio onoaiiaee iaanna?eaaiey oaeae,
eioi?ay iiaeao ?aaioaoue eae ia?aay noaaeey naeeaaiey oaey ia OYN eee
eae naiinoiyoaeueiay onoaiiaea.
Eeth/aa(a neiaa: iaanna?eaaiea, a(nieina?ieno(e oaieue, ie?eoiay na?a,
aeeieneae na?(, ia?i-aicaeooiay nianue.
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