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Організаційно-економічні важелі підвищення відповідальності підприємницьких структур за результати господарювання: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук /

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Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y iaoe Oe?a?ie

?inoeooo ?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue

AII*A?OE

Na?oeaia Ia?e?aia

I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? aaaeae? i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy

Niaoe?aeuei?noue:08. 06. 02-

I?aei?e?iieoeoai, iaiaaeaeiaio oa ia?eaoeia

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? ?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eici??c Ia??y
Aiae???aia, ?inoeooo ?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie,
caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aaoiyiei
A?eai??e ?aaiiae/, Euea?anueea eiia?oe?eia aeaaeai?y, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e.

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe Ai??i Ieoaeei Iao?iae/, ?inoeooo
?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i. ?aaia
O?aiea, eaoaae?a aeiiii?ee i?aei?e?inoaa

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 29 “ _ea?oiy_1999 ?. i 14_ aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 35.154.01 ii caoenoo aeena?oaoe?e ia
caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a iaoe a ?inoeooo? ?aa?iiaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 290026, i. Euea?a, aoe.
Eicaeueieoeueea, 4.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “_29 “ aa?aciy 1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe AEiaoaiaoeueeee A.?.

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. A no/anieo oiiaao ?icoe?th?oueny
aeiiii?/ia naiino?ei?noue i?aei?e?inoa ? iaeii/anii iineeth?oueny ?o
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy, c?inoa? “oe?ia”
iai?aaeeueii i?eeiyoiai ??oaiiy. A oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee
oi?iothoueny iia? aeiiae aei ?iaioe i?aei?e?inoa. Iaeiae eiie?aoecaoe?y
oeeo aeiia oneeaaeith?oueny oei, ui ua ia i?eieieee ae?th
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaei? iaoai?cie oi?aae?iiy ? ia iaaoee iaeaaeiiai
aeciaiiy aaaeae? ?eieiai? nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie ?
ianoaa?eueiith, ?e i?eoaiaii? oae? iaaaoeai? oaeoi?e ye: ?ioeyoe?y,
iaieaoaae?, niaae ae?iaieoeoaa oiui. Neeaaei? oiiae ia?ao?aeiiai
ia??iaeo i?ecaiaeyoue aei c?inoaiiy caai?aiaaiino? i?aei?e?inoa
aea?aeathaeaeaoo, iinoa/aeueieeai, eiia?oe?eiei aaieai, cao?eiie o
aeieao? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe nai?i i?aoe?aieeai. Ioaea iaiao?aeii ooeaoe
iaoiaee caaacia/aiiy a?eueo aoaeoeaii? ?iaioe i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao
ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee. O?eaaea iaieaoini?iiiaei?noue i?aei?e?inoa ia
o?eueee aaaea ?o aei aaie?oonoaa, aea e aeiaaa? ?aoaeueiiai aea/aiiy
i?e/ei, ye? ni?eythoue oeueiio. Iaeiei c aniaeo?a ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie ?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo ?c i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieie
aaaeaeyie i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy. A iei?oi?o oiiaao caeiiiaeaa/i ia
aecia/aii a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca caaeuaiiy
aeo?ao, iaaeinoaoi?e eiio?ieue ca ?o ?aoe?iiaeueiei aeei?enoaiiyi c aieo
aea?aeaae. A oie aea /an iaia? a?aeiia?aeieo noeioe?a aei c?inoaiiy
i?eaooeo. A?eueo?noue noa’?eo?a i?aei?e?iieoeoaa ooeey?oueny a?ae nieaoe
iiaeaoe?a, ui ia o?eueee cieaeo? iaiiaiai?noue athaeaeaoo, aea e ni?ey?
iineeaiith o?i?caoe?? aeiiii?ee. Ia Caoiae? a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy ? iniiaiei nioe?aeueiei iaia’yceii o??ie. A
?icaeiooeo e?a?iao, c ?eieiaith aeiiii?eith, i?eeiyoi oe?eee ?yae
caeii?a, ui ?aaoeththoue a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue i?aei?e?inoa ia?aae
noni?euenoaii oa aea?aeaaith. O a?o/eciyi?e i?aeoeoe? ieoaiiy
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? iiee ui a iaaeinoaoi?e i??? a?aei?aoeueiaai? c
iiceoe?? caaeiaieaiiy noni?eueieo ?ioa?an?a.Ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie iio?aao?
iineeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue uiaei aeyaeaiiy ca’yce?a i?ae aeiiii?/iith
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth oa ?acoeueoaoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy. ?yae ieoaiue,
iia’ycaieo c ioe?ieith ?acoeueoao?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy, aena?oeaii a
?iaioao I.I. Neai?oeiaa, A.I. Oaaeiniaa, A.I. Nooi?i?ii?, ?.N.Coeeiaa,
I.O.Aaaa, I.Ae.Aaneeeea. I?ia?aei? a/ai?-aeiiii?noe Cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio
Oe?a?ie a nai?o i?aoeyo ii?oooaaee i?iaeaie ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee. Oea –
aeaaeai?e IAI Oe?a?ie I.?.Aeie?oi?e, i?ioani?e I.TH.A?e?iueeee,
I.A.Eici??c, ?.?.Aieei, N.I. Ceoiei, ?.A. Iieo, I.?.Eocuei?i, A.?.
Aaoiyiei, ?. ?. Ieoanthe, ?.I. Oeaii/oe oa ?io?. Iaeiae ?yae i?iaeai a
noa?? i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?
iio?aao? iiaeeaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aena?oeaiiy ?o ?acoeueoao?a a
aeiiii?/i?e e?oa?aoo??. Ana oea coiiaeei aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe??, ??
iniiai? caaaeaiiy ? no?oeoo?o.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y
iia’ycaia c aeine?aeaeaiiyie ii aea?aeathaeaeaoi?e oai? 3.1.9.5.
“Noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoie o?iainiai-e?aaeeoieo iaoai?ci?a i?eaaoeciaaieo
ia’?eo?a ae?iaie/i? noa?e”, ?icae?e “I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? aaaeae?
i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy”.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
? ?ic?iaea iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo iieiaeaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia i?aeaeuaiiy
aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa ca ?acoeueoaoe
ainiiaea?thaaiiy a oiiaao ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo.

Aeinyaiaiiy aeacaii? iaoe aeiaaaei ae??oaiiy ianooiieo caaaeaiue
oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o:

– aecia/aiiy i?eioeei?a, oi?i ? iaoiae?a aeiiii?/ii?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?;

– aeyaeaiiy aca?iica’yceo i?ae i??ith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? oa
?acoeueoaoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

– ciaoiaeaeaiiy oeyo?a i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

– ioe?iea ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e i.
Eueaiaa;

– aecia/aiiy oaiaeaioe?e o o?iainiai-ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?
noa’?eo?a i?aei?e?iieoeoaa a ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae oa ?o aca?iica’yce?a c
oi?iaie a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy iaiao?aeiino? noai?aiiy nenoaie a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
noa’?eo?a aeiiii?ee ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy i?aeaeuaiiy ?ie? ieaioaaiiy, eiio?ieth oa aiae?co ye
iniiae caaacia/aiiy aeiia aei a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?;

– aecia/aiiy ?ie? o?iainiaeo neoaea uiaei i?aeaeuaiiy
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino?.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ainiiaea?nuee?, a o./. o?iainia? ?acoeueoaoe
?iaioe i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e, oi?ie ? iaoiaee ?o
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?aei?e?iieoeuee?
i?aai?caoe?? i. Eueaiaa.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy iineoaeeee i?aoe? oe?a?inueeeo
? ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo c ieoaiue aeiiii?/iiai ? o?iainiaiai aiae?co
ae?iaie/i-ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?, eiioeaiooaeuei? i?aeoiaee aei
oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? oa iiaeaoeiaiai
?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?/ieo i?ioean?a, caeiie Oe?a?ie, ye? ?aaeaiaioothoue
i?aei?e?iieoeueeo ae?yeuei?noue, ii?iaoeaii-iaoiaee/i? iaoa??aee c
aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie. A aeena?oaoe?? aeei?enoai? iaoiaee nenoaiiiai
? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co, aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy oiui.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o ianooiiiio:

– iiaeeaeaii? oa ooi/iaii? ci?noiaiino? iiiyooy “aeiiii?/ia
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue” i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaoe
ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

– aeyaeaii? noia?a/iinoae i?ae aeiiii?/iith a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth oa
?acoeueoaoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy ia iniia? ioe?iee ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e;

– i?aaenoaaeaii? ?acoeueoao?a ?aeoeiaiai? ioe?iee i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e i. Eueaiaa ia iniia? cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee aiae?co
o?iainiaiai noaio;

– iaa?oiooaaii? iai?yi?a aaeineiiaeaiiy oi?i ? iaoiae?a aeiiii?/ii?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? aea?aeaae ca noai?aiiy iaiao?aeieo oiia aeey
aoaeoeaiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e;

– noai?aii? ia ??ai? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? “oeaio??a
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?”, ia aac? yeeo oi?io?oueny ca?oi?noue, eiio?ieue ca
aeo?aoaie oa aeioiaeaie a ?ic??c? no?oeoo?ieo i?ae?icae?e?a ? aeae?a
i?iaeoeoe??;

– iaa?oiooaaii? i?aeaeuaiiy ?ie? ieaioaaiiy, eiio?ieth ? aiae?co ye
iniiae caaacia/aiiy aeiia aei a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. Cai?iiiiiaaii
cae?enithaaoe caaaeueiio?iainiaee iii?oi?eia, iii?oi?eia iaaecae/aeieo
iiae?e oa iii?oi?eia aeaeaoe?a ca oeaio?aie a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? (ii
i?ae?icae?eao oa aeaeao ae?yeueiino?);

– oaeineiiaeaii? iaoiae?a i?iaaaeaiiy aiae?co iaaecia/aiino? oa ?eceeo a
oiiaao ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo, ui ni?eyoeia i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?ic?aooiee c ae?eiaeie ia?oia?aie oa ii iiceeao.
Cai?iiiiiaaii ?aca?aoaaoe ?eceee, iia’ycai? ?c iaaeieaoith
aeaa?oi?nueei? caai?aiaaiino?, ao?aoaie ii iiceeao o aaie?anuee?e
ae?yeueiino?, aaethoi? ?eceee oiui.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Oai?aoe/ia oe?ii?noue
iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o iiaeeaeaii? oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue,
iia’ycaieo c aeiiii?/iith a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy ye aaaeeeai? ooieoe??
oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie. ?ic?iaeai? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy ?
i?aeoiaee iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e oi?ioaaii? ie?aieo iai?yi?a
oaeineiiaeaiiy iiaeaoeiai? iie?oeee a oiiaao ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o ae?iaeaieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo c oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie ieaioaaiiy, eiio?ieth oa
aiae?co ae?yeueiino? noa’?eo?a i?aei?e?iieoeoaa, aeoiaey/e ?c aeiia aei
?o a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Cai?iiiiiaai? caoiaee c i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeie no?oeoo?aie i?e i?aai?caoe?? o?iainiaeo
neoaea, ?ic?iaoe? no?aoaa?? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ?eieo,
noai?aii? oeaio??a a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ia i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoaao.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?eniaii o OcIA
“?ioi?iaoe?eii iaoeiai – ae?iaie/a i?aei?e?inoai “Aeaeo?ii” (aeia?aeea
i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 22a?oaeiy 1998?. ? 56/1 – 240), a oaeiae
aeei?enoaii i?e aeeeaaeaii? aeiiii?/ieo aeenoeeie?i a iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean? Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai o?iainiai – aeiiii?/iiai ?inoeoooo
(aeia?aeea i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 25.02.1999?. ? 89).

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a. Aeena?oaoe?y ? naiino?eiith, caaa?oaiith
?iaioith aaoi?a. On? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe, ui aeeeaaeai? a aeena?oaoe??,
io?eiai? aaoi?ii iniaenoi. C iaoeiai? i?aoe?, iioae?eiaaii? o
ni?aaaoi?noa?, a ?iaio? aeei?enoai? eeoa o? ?aea? oa iieiaeaiiy, ui ?
?acoeueoaoii iniaenoi? ?iaioe caeiaoaa/a. Eiie?aoiee aianie aaoi?a a
oeth ?iaioo aeacaiee a aaoi?aoa?ao? a ia?ae?eo iniiaieo ioae?eaoe?e ii
oai? aeena?oaoe??.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy, aeniiaee
? i?iiiceoe?? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny ? iaaiai?thaaeeny ia
iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo ?
ani??aio?a Euea?anueei? eiia?oe?eii? aeaaeai?? oa ?inoeoooo
?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie, i?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?aa?iiaeueia iie?oeea Oe?a?ie: iaoeia?
iniiae, iaoiaee ? iaoai?cie” i. Euea?a, 21-23 o?aaiy 1998 ?ieo.

Ioae?eaoe?? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy
iioae?eiaaii 6 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue caaaeueiei ianyaii 2,0 ae. a., a o. /.
1, 5 ae.a. iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 162 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, neeaaea?oueny c anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a, aeiaeaoe?a. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae i?noeoue a nia? 110
iiceoe?e.O ?iaio? i?aaenoaaeaii 24 oaaeeoe?, 9 ?enoie?a.

Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe

?icae?e 1. Oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? iniiae aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
noa’?eo?a i?aei?e?iieoeoaa ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

I?ae oa?i?iii “aeiiii?/ia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue” a i?aeoeoe?
ainiiaea?thaaiiy, i?eeiyoi ?icoi?oe oe?ieee niaeo? ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo
?c nai?/aniei ? ye?niei aeeiiaiiyi anoaiiaeaieo a noni?euenoa? i?aaee
?nioaaiiy ? iiaaae?iee an?o noa’?eo?a aeiiii?ee.

Aeiiae aei aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa anoaiiaeth?
aea?aeaaa ? ?aaeaiaioo? a caeiiao, iinoaiiaao, oeacao, ?ino?oeoe?yo oa
?ioeo ii?iaoeaieo aeieoiaioao, ye? iinyoue aee?aeoeaiee oa?aeoa?.
Ca?aeii c /eiiei caeiiiaeaanoaii aeiiae aei ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ?aaeaiaioothoueny Caeiiaie Oe?a?ie “I?i
ainiiaea?nuee? oiaa?enoaa”, “I?i i?aei?e?iieoeoai”, “I?i aeani?noue”,
onoaiia/eie aeieoiaioaie oa ?ioeie caeiiiaeaa/eie aeoaie.

A oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee ci?iththoueny, ye i?aaeei, iaoai?cie ?
iaoiaee oi?aae?iiy, oi?iothoueny iia? e?eoa??? ? aeiiae aei
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?. Naia ia oeueiio aoai? aeieeathoue iaea?eueo
aino?? i?ioe??//y i?ae noa?eie ? iiaeie iaoai?ciaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy,
?ica’ycaiiy yeeo iio?aao? iniaeeai? oaaae aei aecia/aiiy oi?i ? iaoiae?a
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ia?aae noni?euenoaii eiaeiiai noa’?eoa aeiiii?ee.

I?iaeaia a oiio, ui a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee ?aaeueia neooaoe?y, a
ye?e ooieoe?iiothoue i?aei?e?iieoeuee? i?aai?caoe??, ci?ith?oueny c
a?eueoith oaeaee?noth i?ae oi?ioaaiiy caeiiiaeaa/i? aace. A ?acoeueoao?
/iai aeieeathoue noia?a/iino? i?ae caeiiiaeaa/ith aacith ? ?aaeueieie
ianoaaeiaie, ui ciooo? i?aei?e?ioe?a i?eeiaoe ??oaiiy, ye? ia
a?aeiia?aeathoue /eiiiio caeiiiaeaanoao. A aeena?oaoe?? ia iniia?
aiae?oe/iiai iaeyaeo a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeiaaaeaii, ui aenieee ??aaiue iiiaeaoeoaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
ae?iaie/i-ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?,
ni?ey? iineeaiith o?iueiai? aeiiii?ee. Iaa?aei?aoeueiaai?noue
caeiiiaeaa/i? aace a noa?? i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? ni?ey?
cieaeaiith aeiiii?/ii? ?, a ia?oo /a?ao, o?iainiai? aeenoeeie?ie.
Iaieaoaae? ? caai?aiaai?noue i?aei?e?inoa ia?aae aea?aeaaith, aeanieie
o?oaeiaeie eieaeoeaaie noathoue ana a?eueo aaaii?oeie aaeueioth/eie
oaeoi?aie, ui cieaeothoue aoaeoeai?noue ainiiaea?thaaiiy, iineeththoue
e?eciaee noai a aeiiii?oe?.

A aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue iineeaiiy oaaae ?aoi?iaoi??a,
o?yaeiaeo no?oeoo? aei ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo ?c caaacia/aiiyi
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca aeeiiaiiy eiie?aoieo ??oaiue, i?eeiyoeo caeii?a
oa iinoaiia ia an?o ??aiyo iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.

O?aeooaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, ye i?ioeano, ui ia i?aeeyaa? eiio?ieth c
aieo aea?aeaae, i?eianei iaiaei iaaaoeaieo iane?aee?a. Aea?aeaaa iiaeiia
anoaiiaethaaoe i?aaeea oa aeiiae aei ?iaioe ae?iaie/eo no?oeoo?. Ia
aea?aeaaiiio ??ai? i?eeiathoueny caeiie uiaei iiiaeaoeoaaiiy
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?, i?eueae, ii?iaoeae aeiiii?/iiai,
nioe?aeueiiai oa ?ioiai oa?aeoa?o. Iaeii/anii i?aei?e?inoaa,
?ic?iaeyth/e aeanio no?aoaa?th, oi?iothoue i?aaeea ? aeiiae,
ciaia’ycaiiy ia?aae i?aoe?aieeaie ? iathoue ianoe a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue
ca ?o nai?/ania oa ye?nia aeeiiaiiy. Ioaea, a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ne?ae
?icaeyaeaoe ye aaaeeeao ooieoe?th oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie,
yea i?iyaey?oueny ia an?o ??aiyo oi?aae?iiy.

A iaea?eueo caaaeuei?e oi?i? a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e iiaeia ?icae?eeoe ia ciai?oith oa aioo??oith.

A aeena?oaoe?? cai?iiiiiaaii ?icaeyaeaoe a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? a aeae?eueeio aniaeoao: aeiiii?/ia, i?aaiaa,
aoe/ia.

A ?eieiaeo oiiaao iineeth?oueny aeiiii?/ia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue.
I?aei?e?iieoeuee? no?oeoo?e iiaeii? caaacia/oaaoe o?iainoaaiiy
ae?iaie/iai i?ioeano, aeeiioaaoe nai? ciaia’ycaiiy ia?aae aea?aeaaiei
athaeaeaoii oa iicaathaeaeaoieie oiiaeaie ii iiaeaoeao, aianeao,
iaia’yceiaeo ieaoaaeao, aeio?eioaaoenue aeiaia??ii? aeenoeeie?ie o
a?aeiineiao c ae?eiaeie ia?oia?aie oa eiia?oe?eieie aaieaie, ianoe
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ia?aae aeoe?iia?aie ii aeieao? aeea?aeaiae?a,
i?aoe?aieeaie ii aeieao? ca?ieaoe oiui.

A oiiaao oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei aaaeeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaa?
aa?aioiaai?noue i?aa in?a-o/aniee?a ainiiaea?nueeeo oa ?ioeo a?aeiinei.
Aa?aio??, aecia/ai? caeiiiaeaanoaii aai aeiaiai?aie, caaacia/othoue
ii?iaeueiee i?ioean cae?eniaiiy a?aeiia?aeieie noa’?eoaie nai?o i?aa. A
aeena?oaoe??, ia iniia? aiae?co /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa Oe?a?ie c ieoaiue
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? th?eaee/ieo in?a ca nai?/ani?noue ?ic?aooie?a c
noa’?eoaie aeiaia??ieo a?aeiinei oa i?aeoeee ainiiaea?thaaiiy,
iaa?oioiaai? iai?yie iineeaiiy o?iainiai? aeenoeeie?ie a noa??
i?aei?e?iieoeoaa.

Aei o?iainiaeo cania?a, ye? caaacia/othoue aeeiiaiiy aeiaia??ieo
ciaia’ycaiue, iaeaaeeoue canoaaa, ui ?icaeyaeaeanue o ?iaio? ye iaeei c
aeae?a iaeiiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. Caaacia/oaaeueia ae?y canoaae
aeyaey?oueny a oiio, ui c naiiai ii/aoeo aecia/a?oueny iaeii, yea ia?
ia? aooe ia’?eoii noyaiaiiy c aieo e?aaeeoi?a. A ?ac? iaaeeiiaiiy
aeiaia??ieo ciaia’ycaiue, e?aaeeoi? ia? i?aai ia caaeiaieaiiy i?aoaic?e
ca ?aooiie canoaaiiai iaeia.

A?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ia?aae eiia?oe?eieie aaieaie anoaiiaeth?oueny o
aeiaiai?ao i?ae eiia?oe?eieie aaieaie oa i?aei?e?iieoeueeeie
no?oeoo?aie, i?eeiath/e oi?io i?aeaeuaieo i?ioeaio?a, ye? niea/othoueny
aaieo ca ii?ooaiiy no?ie?a iiaa?iaiiy e?aaeeoo, a oaeiae ?ioeo ii?ooaiue
aeiaia??ii? aeenoeeie?ie. A aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaai? iai?yie ?icaeoeo
o?iainiai-a?ioiaeo a?aeiinei i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? oa eiia?oe?eieo
aaie?a.

I?aei?e?iieoeuee? i?aai?caoe?? ? a?aeiia?aeaeueieie ia?aae nai?ie
aeoe?iia?aie ii aeieao? aeea?aeaiae?a oa ia?aae i?aoe?aieeaie ii aeieao?
ca?ieaoe. A aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue iineeaiiy
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? aaei?i?no?aoe??, aeaniee?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo? ca aoaeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy aeoe?iia?iiai eai?oaeo, nai?/ani?noue
aeieaoe ca?ia?oii? ieaoe iaeiaiei i?aoe?aieeai. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee,
ui a i?aaiaiio aniaeo? ia ia?aaeaa/aia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue
aaei?i?no?aoe?? i?aei?e?inoa ca ianai?/anio aeieaoo ca?ieaoe. Oea
ieoaiiy iio?aao? aea?aeaaiiai ae??oaiiy.

Aoaeoeaiei caniaii i?aeo?eiaiiy o noni?euenoa? caeiiiino?,
i?aaiii?yaeeo ? aaei?i?no?aoeaia ? e?ei?iaeueia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue.
E?ei?iaeueia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ia?aaeaa/aia ca oae? cei/eie o aaeoc?
ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?, ye ooeeaiiy a?ae nieaoe iiaeaoe?a,
ii?ooaiiy ii?yaeeo caiyooy i?aei?e?iieoeueeith ae?yeuei?noth, oao?aenoai
c o?iainiaeie ?ano?naie, i?eoiaoaaiiy aaethoii? ae?o/ee oa ?i.

?ieue aaei?i?no?aoeaii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? a nenoai? i?aaiai?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ? iaaecae/aeii aaaeeeaith, ianaiia?aae, oiio, ui
aiia aeieea? a ?acoeueoao? a?aeiinei i?ae aea?aeaaith oa a?iiaaeyieiii.
Aaoi? ?icaeyaea? aaei?i?no?aoeaio a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ye aaaeeeaee
?ino?oiaio i?aaiai? aea?aeaae, ine?eueee naia caaaeyee ?e aea?aeaaa ia?
iiaeeea?noue ?aae?coaaoe nai? aeiiae, ye aei th?eaee/ieo, oae ? aei
o?ce/ieo in?a, ? i?aeaeueoe ?o a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca nai? ae??.

Aoe/ia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue oi?io? nenoaio caaaeueieo oe?iiinoae, i?aaee
aoeee, yeeo iiaeiia aeio?eioaaoenue i?aai?caoe?y oa ?? i?aoe?aieee.

Aeey aeyaeaiiy aca?iica’yceo i?ae i??ith a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? oa
?acoeueoaoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy a aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaaiee aea??
a?aeiia?aeieo iieaciee?a, ye? ianooue iniiaio ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Iniiaia oaaaa i?eae?eaia iieacieeai
i?eaooeiaino? oa o?iainiaiai noaio. Ia iniia? oeeo iieaciee?a aecia/ai?
iai?yie iineeaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

C iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? aaei?i?no?aoe?? oa iaiaaeaea??a
ca caaacia/aiiy o?iainiai? aeenoeeie?ie, a ?iaio? cai?iiiiiaaia nenoaia
iieaciee?a ia aac? yeeo aeioe?eueii cae?enithaaoe aiae?c o?iainiaiai
noaio i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?, oi?ioaaoe nenoaio eiio?ieth ca ?o
aeeiiaiiyi (oaae.1).

Oaaeeoey 1

Iniiai? o?iainiai-aeiiii?/i? iieacieee ? eiao?oe??ioe

?Iieacieee ? eiao?oe??ioeIi?iaoeaia cia/aiiy?ioa?i?aoaoe?y
iieacieea1Eiao?oe??io iie?eooy (Ei)>1Oa?aeoa?eco? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy on?o
iioi/ieo aeoea?a (ca ae?aooaaiiyi aeo?ao iaeaooi?o ia??iae?a) aei
ei?ioeino?ieiaeo ciaia’ycaiue. 2Eiao?oe??io caaacia/aiiy aeanieie
eiooaie (Ece)>0, 1Oa?aeoa?eco? a?aeiioaiiy i?ae ianyaaie aeaea?ae
aeanieo ? i?e??aiaieo aei ieo eioo?a oa oaeoe/iith aa?o?noth iniiaieo
cania?a, ?ioeo iicaiai?ioieo aeoea?a aei oaeoe/ii? aa?oino? iayaieo o
i?aei?e?inoaa iai?ioieo eioo?a. 3Eiao?oe??io aaniethoii? e?ea?aeiino?
(Eae)>0, 2Oa?aeoa?eco? iaaaeio aioiai?noue i?aei?e?inoaa e?ea?aeoaaoe
ei?ioeino?ieiao caai?aiaai?noue ? aecia/a?oueny, ye a?aeiioaiiy noie
a?ioiaeo eioo?a i?aei?e?inoaa oa ei?ioeioa?i?iiaeo o?iainiaeo aeeaaeaiue
aei noie ei?ioeioa?i?iiaeo ciaia’ycaiue. 4Eiao?oe??io aaoiiii??
(Eaao)>0, 5Oa?aeoa?eco? iacaeaaei?noue i?aei?e?inoaa a?ae ciai?oi?o
aeaea?ae ? aecia/a?oueny, ye a?aeiioaiiy caaaeueii? noie aeanieo eioo?a
aei i?aenoieo aaeaino. 5Eiao?oe??io o?iainiai? noaa?eueiino?
(Eon)>1Oa?aeoa?eco? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeanieo oa iiceeiaeo
eioo?a.6Eiao?oe??io iaiaa?aiino? ?iai/iai eai?oaeo (Ie)Iacia/ia
ca?eueoaiiyOa?aeoa?eco? /anoeo caian?a o caaaeuei?e noi? ?iai/iai
eai?oaeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy oeeo iieaciee?a aea? iiaeeea?noue aecia/eoe iane?eueee
i?aei?e?inoaa aeio?eiothoueny a?aeiia?aeieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue ? i?iii?oe?e
o no?oeoo?? aeoea?a oa ianea?a a nai?e ae?yeueiino?, eiio?iethaaoe
ainiiaea?nueeo ae?yeuei?noue, o?iainiao no?ee?noue ? ieaoini?iiiaei?noue
ainiiaea?nueeeo ia’?eo?a. ??cea a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae iioeiaeueiiai cia/aiiy
iieaciee?a ? na?ae/aiiyi ii?ooaiiy o?iainiai? aeenoeeie?ie oa cieaeaiiy
o?iainiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?.

No/ani? i?ioeane aeiiii?/ii? ?ioaa?aoe?? noaaeyoue iia? aeiiae aei
oi?aae?iiy a?o/eciyieie i?aei?e?inoaaie. A ?iaio? iaa?oioiaaia
iaiao?aei?noue iaaeeaeaiiy oi?i ca?oiino?, iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo iniiaieo
iieaciee?a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo? aei i?aeia?iaeieo noaiaea?o?a. Iniiaia oaaaa i?eae?eaia
oi?ioaaiith nenoaie eiio?ieth oa a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ia
aioo??ae?iaie/iio ??ai?. Cai?iiiiiaaii noai?thaaoe ia i?aei?e?inoaao
oeaio?e a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ?c aeaniith nenoaiith ieaioaaiiy, eiio?ieth
oa ca?oiino?.

?icae?e 2. Aiae?c ? ioe?iea o?iainiaeo ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e.

A aeaiiio ?icae?e? noaaeeinue ca iaoo io?eiaiiy iaea?eueo ?ioi?iaoeaieo
ia?aiao??a, ye? aeathoue ia’?eoeaio oa?aeoa?enoeeo o?iainiaiai noaio oa
?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e, iai?yi?a
aeei?enoaiiy i?eaooeo, aeyaeaiiy ca’yce?a i?ae aeiiii?/iith
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth oa o?iainiaeie ?acoeueoaoaie.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe, ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee, aoa
i?iaaaeaiee o?iainiaee aiae?c, yeee cae?enithaaany o o?e aoaie (?en.1).

?en.1. No?oeoo?a iaoiaeeee aiae?co ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e

Ia ia?oiio aoai? aecia/ai? iai?yie aiae?co, iieacieee ? iaoiaee ?o
?ic?aooieo. Iniiaia oaaaa iaaeaia aecia/aiith iieaciee?a i?eaooeiaino? ?
o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoa.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? ioe?iaia ye?noue ?ioi?iaoe??, aieea ??cieo niinia?a ?
iaoiae?a iae?eo ia aeinoia??i?noue ?ic?aooieo i?eaooeo oa ?ioeo
o?iainiaeo ?acoeueoao?a.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? ocaaaeueiai? ?acoeueoaoe o?iainiaiai aiae?co ?
iaa?oioiaai? iai?yie eiai aeei?enoaiiy i?e ?ic?iaoe? oi?i ? iaoiae?a
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?.

Aeey i?iaaaeaiiy o?iainiaiai aiae?co, i?aei?e?iieoeuee? no?oeoo?e i.
Eueaiaa aoee ca?oiiaai? o i’youe ie?aieo a?oi a caeaaeiino? a?ae aeaeo
ae?yeueiino? oa ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa. Aei ia?oi? a?oie i?aei?e?inoa
a?aeianai? aaeee? iaoeiiaoae?aaeuei?, i?eeaaeiaoae?aaeuei? i?aei?e?inoaa
oa ae?iaieee eaiiiai? a?iaoo?e: AAO “EAC”, AAO “Iiey?ii”, caaiae
“O?aca?ieo aa?noao?a”, AAO “?ne?a”, aei ae?oai? a?oie –
?aiiioii-aoae?aaeuei? oa o?ainii?oia i?aei?e?inoaa: AO
“Euea?ai?nueeaoae”, aaoiaaca ?1, AO “Euea?aaia?ai?aiiio”. O?aoth a?oio
i?aei?e?inoa neeaee iaoeiai-ae?iaie/?: OIA “?AI”, ?inoeooo
“Aaoiaoni?ii”, AAO “Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea”, /aoaa?oo a?oio –
oi?aiaaeuei? oa iinoa/aeueieoeueei-caooia?: OIA “IEA”, aaca
“Oe?ao?oaaeae?y”, aaca “Oe?ao?oaaeaioa?ay”, aaca “Iaeoieiae”,
i?aei?e?inoai “Euea?a Eaaea”. I’yoa a?oia i?aei?e?inoa-ae?iaieee oiaa??a
ia?iaeiiai niiaeeaaiiy ? o?i?/ii? aaeoc? oa aia?aaoe/ia: AO
“Aeaeo?iiiaooi?eeaae”, caaiae “?aaeoea”, AO “O?icaaiae”, “Euea?ai?a?an”,
AAO “THi?noue”. Aeey aiae?co aoee aeei?enoai? aeai? ??/ieo o?iainiaeo
ca?o?a ca 1992-1996??. I?iaiae?ciaaii 100 o?iainiaeo ca?o?a,
i?aaenoaaeaieo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeie no?oeoo?aie a Euea?anueeo iaeanio
iiaeaoeiao aaei?i?no?aooe?th, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe
i?aei?e?inoa.

?acoeueoaoeai? iieacieee i?aei?e?inoa o?aouei? a?oie iaea?eueo iiaii
a?aeia?aaeathoue oaiaeaioe?? aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo
(oaae. 2).

sse aeaeii c aeaieo oaae. 2, AAO “Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea” i?ioyaii i’yoe
?ie?a a oiiaao e?eciai? neooaoe?? ia o?eueee io?eio? i?eaooie a?ae
?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe??, aea e i?aeaeuo? iieacieee i?eaooeiaino? o
ii??aiyii? c 1992?. A oie aea /an OIA “?AI” oa ?inoeooo “Aaoiaoni?ii”
i?aoethaaee ianoaa?eueii. Ieoiia aaaa i?eaooeo a?ae ?aae?caoe??
i?iaeoeoe?? o caaaeueiiio ianyc? ?aae?ciaaii? i?iaeoeoe?? cieaeoaaeanue
ia i?ioyc? /ioe?ueio ?ie?a. Oae, o OIA “?AI” i?eaooie a?ae ?aae?caoe??
i?iaeoeoe?? a 1995?. aoa iaeaea a 2 ?ace iaioei i?ae o 1993?., a a
1996?. i?aei?e?inoai noaei caeoeiaei.I?aei?e?inoaa oaeiae io?eioaaee
i?eaooie a?ae ?ioi? ?aae?caoe?? (i?aiaea ? ?aae?caoe?y iniiaieo
oiiae?a), aea ieoiia aaaa i?eaooeo a?ae oeueiai aeaeo ae?yeueiino? ?
iacia/iith.

Aiae?c iica?aae?caoe?eieo iia?aoe?e iieacaa, ui ieoiia aaaa oeeo
aeioiae?a ? iaaaeeeith ? nooo?ai ia aieeaa? ia ?acoeueoaoe
ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Aiae?coth/e iieacieee i?eaooeiaino? oa nia?aa?oino? iiaeia c?iaeoe
aeniiaie, ui aiie ci?iththoueny ia??aiii??ii: oi cieaeothoueny, oi
c?inoathoue. Oey oaiaeaioe?y ? oa?aeoa?iith aeey ?ioeo a?oi i?aei?e?inoa
a oiiaao ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo. Ca aeine?aeaeoaaiee ia??iae
i?eaooeia?noue i?aei?e?inoa ??cei cieceeanue, ui ? iaei??th c i?e/ei
cieaeaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa ca ?acoeueoaoe
?iaioe oa ainiiaea?nueei? aeenoeeie?ie. I?aei?e?inoaa ia iathoue
aeiiii?/iiai noeioeo aeey c?inoaiiy i?eaooeiaino?.

Oaaeeoey 2

Oa?aeoa?enoeea aeeiai?ee iieaciee?a i?eaooeiaino? ? nia?aa?oino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo ia’?eo?a o?aouei? a?oie o % ca 1992-1996 ?.?.

Iacaa iieaciee?aOIA “?AI”?inoeooo “Aaoiaoni?ii”AAO
“Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea”199219931994199519961992199319941995199619921993
199419951996I?eaooie a?ae ?aae?caoe?? oiaa?ii?
i?iaeoeoe??29362219–19181815–178283024I?eaooie, io?eiaiee a?ae ?ioi?
?aae?caoe?? 0,07–0,040,250,466200,60,90,010,60,10,7Aeioiaee a?ae
iica?aae?caoe?eieo
iia?aoe?e0,110,30,080,40,093–1,30,1––4,91,30,3Nia?aa?o?noue ?aae?ciaaii?
i?iaeoeoe??5151627090816481811006575545661

A iei?oi?o oiiaao caeiiiaeaa/i ia aecia/aii a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoa ca caaeuaiiy nia?aa?oino?, ? a?aenooi?i noeioethth/ee
iaoai?ci ?? cieaeaiiy, iaia? eiio?ieth c aieo aea?aeaae. Oey i?iaeaia
iio?aao? aea?aeaaiiai ae??oaiiy.

C iaoith a?eueo aeeaieiai aiae?co ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa a ?iaio?
cai?iiiiiaaia ?aeoeiaiaa ioe?iea o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoa ca
aeiiiiiaith noie aae?a. Oi/eith a?ae?aooieo acyoi ii?iaoeaia cia/aiiy
eiao?oe??io?a: Eaao= 0,5; Ece=0,1; Eon=1; Ei=1; Eae=0,2.

Ca eiaeia ia?aaeuaiiy ii?iaoeaiiai cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa ia iaeio
aeanyoo i?aei?e?inoao aeiaeaaaany iaeei aae, ca eiaeia cieaeaiiy
ii?iaoeaiiai cia/aiiy ia iaeio aeanyoo – aae a?aei?iaany.

Na?aae i?aei?e?inoa o?aouei? a?oie iaeaeuee ?aeoeia iaei AAO
“Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea”, a iaeieae/ee – ?inoeooo “Aaoiaoni?ii”. Aiae?c
on?o a?oi i?aei?e?inoa iieacaa, ui aenieee ?aeoeia iaee ianooii?
i?aei?e?inoaa: AAO “EAC”, aaoiaaca ?1, AAO “Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea”, OIA
“?AI”, AO “Euea?ai?a?an”. Iecueeee ?aeoeia iathoue AO
“Euea?ai?nueeaoae”, ?inoeooo “Aaoiaoni?ii”, aace “Oe?ao?oaaeae?y”,
“Oe?ao?oaaeaioa?ay”, i?aei?e?inoai “Euea?a Eaaea”, AAO “?ne?a”.

A?eueo a?oioiaiee aiae?c iieacaa, ui aei aaie?oonoaa i?aei?e?inoai iiaea
aeiaanoe iecueea a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue eiai ooieoe?iiaeueieo neoaea ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Cai?iiiiiaaia ?aeoeiaiaa ioe?iea
neioaciaaii a?aeia?aaea? o?iainiaee noai i?aei?e?inoa, neoaeeoue
aeaea?aeii ?ioi?iaoe?? aeey i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, aeicaiey?
aea?aoe i?aaeeueio o?iainiao no?aoaa?th a aei?noeeo oiiaao eiieo?aioe??,
i?aeaeuo? ?o a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy,
aeiiiiaaa? aea?aoe iaae?eieo ae?eiaeo ia?oia??a ii a?ciano na?aae
i?aei?e?inoa, ui iathoue aenieo ?aeoeiaiao ioe?ieo. A oea, a naith
/a?ao, ni?ey? i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Oaaeeoey 3

?aeoeiaiaa ioe?iea i?aei?e?inoa ca 1992–1996 ??. (ia i?eeeaae? o?aouei?
a?oie)

Iacaa i?aei?e?inoaa199219931994EaaoEonoEceEaeEiAnueiai
aae?aEaaoEonoEceEaeEiAnueiai aae?aEaaoEonoEceEaeEiAnueiai aae?aOIA
“?AI”-12036634–10-1-1–8––41914?inoeooo
“Aaoiaoni?ii”2102–317-1-3–-21-53-22-157AAO
“Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea”3222-1430131–38–-131710

I?iaeiaaeaiiy oaaeeoe? 3.

Iacaa i?aei?e?inoaa19951996EaaoEonoEceEaeEiAnueiai
aae?aEaaoEonoEceEaeEiAnueiai aae?aOIA ?AI1104-110241–411016?inoeooo
“Aaoiaoni?ii”2-54-111111-71-171AAO
Cao?aeaia?aiaaoiiaoeea3224-2936413-2713

Aiae?c ?iaioe i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e i. Eueaiaa cana?ae/ea, ui
ia o?iainiaee noai i?aei?e?inoa iaaaoeaii aieeaathoue oo?aoi? naieoe??,
ye? ? na?aeioeoaii cieaeaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ia?aae
aea?aeaaith oa ae?eiaeie ia?oia?aie.

Ia aeoieo aaoi?a, iniiaieie i?e/eiaie, ye? aaeueiothoue ?icaeoie
i?aei?e?iieoeoaa, e??i caaaeueii? e?eciai? neooaoe?? a Oe?a?i?, ? ia
ni?eythoue i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?acoeueoaoe
ainiiaea?thaaiiy, ? ianooii?:

– a?aenooi?noue aca?iica’yceo i?ae o?iainiaeie ?acoeueoaoaie oa
aeiiii?/iith a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth;

– iacaaeia?eueiee o?iainiaee noai i?aei?e?inoa, cieaeaiiy ieoiii? aaae
i?eaooeo o caaaeueiiio ianyc? ?aae?ciaaii? i?iaeoeoe?? oa ??cea
c?inoaiiy nia?aa?oino?;

– iacaoe?eaaeai?noue i?aei?e?inoa o cieaeaii? nia?aa?oino?;

– a?aenooi?noue no?aoaa?? aea?aeaae uiaei ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa;

– iaaeineiiaea nenoaia iiiaeaoeoaaiiy, yea iineoue eiio?neaoe?eiee
oa?aeoa?;

– iacaoe?eaaeai?noue i?aei?e?ioe?a a io?eiaii? i?eaooeo, oae ye cia/ia
eiai /anoeia ?iciiae?ey?oueny ia ei?enoue aea?aeaae, a ia ia ?icaeoie
i?aei?e?iieoeoaa.

A aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaaii, ui aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie iaiao?aeii
ea?oaaoe ca aeiiiiiaith aeiiii?/ieo ? i?aaiaeo ?aaoeyoi??a, a ia
aee?aeoea. Oaeeie aaaeaeyie iiaeii? noaoe: iiaeaoee, i?eueae, e?aaeeoe,
canoaae, aaie?anuee? i?ioeaioe, oo?aoi? naieoe?? oiui.

?icae?e 3. Oeyoe i?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy

A ?icae?e? ?ic?iaeai? iai?yie aaeineiiaeaiiy oi?i ? iaoiae?a aeiiii?/ii?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, i?aai?caoe?? o?iainiaeo neoaea ia
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?ao, iaa?oioiaaii i?aeaeuaiiy ?ie? iioi/iiai
oa no?aoaa?/iiai ieaioaaiiy, o?iainiaiai aiae?co, aioo??oiueiai
eiio?ieth oa eiio?ieth c aieo aea?aeaae ye iniiae caaacia/aiiy aeiia aei
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe.

I?aee?aneaii, ui a oiiaao ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie
iaiao?aeii aianoe ci?ie a nenoaio iiiaeaoeoaaiiy oaeei /eiii, uia aoa
i?yiee ca’ycie i?ae ?acoeueoaoaie ?iaioe i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e
oa aeiiii?/iith a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth. Aeey oeueiai iaiao?aeii:

1. Noeioethaaoe cieaeaiiy aeo?ao ? oa’ycoaaoe ?o c e?ioeaaeie
?acoeueoaoaie ?iaioe. A aeena?oaoe?? cai?iiiiiaaii caeiiiaeaa/i
caioi/oaaoe i?aei?e?inoaa o cieaeaii? aeo?ao oeyoii ci?i o nenoai?
iiiaeaoeoaaiiy. Noio aeiiii??, yea iaea?aeaia a?ae cieaeaiiy aeo?ao,
cai?iiiiiaaii /anoeiai aai iiai?noth ca?eueieoe a?ae nieaoe iiaeaoeo ia
i?eaooie.

2. A no/anieo oiiaao iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaa? i?aaii??i?noue
a?aeianaiiy ia nia?aa?o?noue aeo?ao iaae?iaie/iai oa?aeoa?o: iiaeaoe?a ?
cai??a. O oe?io oiaa??a aoiaeyoue iiaeaoie ia aeiaeaio aa?o?noue oa
aeoeeciee ca?? ii i?aeaeoeecieo oiaa?ao. A ?acoeueoao? /iai
neeaaea?oueny ia?aaeienaeueia neooaoe?y: /ei a?eueoith ? nia?aa?o?noue,
oei a?eueoei ? iiaeaoie ia aeiaeaio aa?o?noue. Oaeei /eiii, c iaoith
ca?eueoaiiy aaee/eie iiaeaoeo, aea?aeaaa noeioeth? c?inoaiiy
nia?aa?oino?. A aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue oaeineiiaeaiiy
oi?i ?aae?caoe?? iiaeaoeo ia aeiaeaio aa?o?noue oa ?ioeo iai?yieo
iiaeaoe?a, c oei, uia iiaeaoee ? cai?e ia ca?eueooaaee nia?aa?o?noue
i?iaeoeoe??, oiaa??a, iineoa. Nia?aa?o?noue i?iaeoeoe?? iiaeiia
caeaaeaoe a?ae yeino? ainiiaea?thaaiiy ia i?aei?e?inoa?,
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? eiai i?aoe?aiee?a ia eiaei?e eiie?aoi?e ae?eyioe?
?iaioe.C oeeo iiceoe?e a aeena?oaoe?? cai?iiiiiaaii noai?thaaoe oeaio?e
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?.

3. Iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue nei?i/aiiy e?eueeino? iiaeaoe?a,
a?ae?aooaaiue o /eneaii? oiiaee, ye? ca?eueoothoue aa?o?noue oiaa?o,
ciaioothoue eiai eiieo?aioicaeaoi?noue. A inoaii? ?iee iiaeaoeia?
nenoaie ?icaeiooeo e?a?i na?oo ci?ieeenue o a?e cieaeaiiy iiaeaoeiaeo
noaaie oa i?ia?aneaiino? iiiaeaoeoaaiiy. Oai?aoe/iith iniiaith noaea
athaeaeaoia eiioeaioe?y aia?eeainueeiai a/aiiai A. Eaooa?a, yeee a
na?aaeei? 70-o ?ie?a iieacaa, ui iiaeaoeia? iaaeoiaeaeaiiy ? iaeii/anii
i?iaeoeoii ye iiaeaoeiai? noaaee, oae ? iiaeaoeiai? aace. Ii i??? oiai,
ye iiaeaoeiaa noaaea c?inoa?, aaca nei?i/o?oueny. Ia iniia? oeueiai a
aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaiee aeniiaie i?i iaiao?aei?noue iineeaiiy ae?eiai?
aeoeaiino?, ianaiia?aae, ?iaanoeoe?eii? oa cieaeaiiy iiaeaoeiaiai
oyaa?y. Ca ae??oaiiy oaeeo caaaeaiue, a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue iiaeiia ianoe
aea?aeaaa.

4. Aianai? i?iiiceoe?? uiaei noeioethaaiiy aeeaaeaiiy eioo?a o ?icoe?aia
ae?iaieoeoai, ui neoaeeoue ?o iiaeaeueoiio aoaeoeaiiio aeei?enoaiith.
Aaaaeaiiy aeeoa?aioe?eiaaieo noaaie iiaeaoeo ia i?eaooie aoaea ni?eyoe
i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, c?inoaiith ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa. Cai?iiiiiaaii iinoaaeoe aaee/eio iiaeaoeo ia i?eaooie a
caeaaei?noue a?ae iai?yi?a eiai aeei?enoaiiy. Iaeii/anii iaa?oioiaai?
aeiiae aei a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?aoe?iiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy i?eaooeo, a
oaeiae aei iaoiae?a eiai ?ic?aooie?a oa ?iciiae?eo.

5. ?aaoethaaiiy oo?aoieo naieoe?e ca ianieaoo iiaeaoe?a, cai??a oa
iaia’yceiaeo ieaoaae?a, caieaeaiiy ia’?eo?a iiiaeaoeoaaiiy. A
aeena?oaoe?? cai?iiiiiaaii i?aeaeueoe oo?aoi? naieoe?? c oei, uia ia
ieaoeoe iiaeaoee noaei iaaea?aeiei, ui i?aeaeueoue a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue
ieaoiee?a iiaeaoe?a.

6.Ia i?aei?e?inoaao cai?iiiiiaaii noai?thaaoe oeaio?e
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, aaeineiiaethaaoe nenoaio aioo??oiueiai eiio?ieth.
Eiaeiee oeaio? iiaeiai noaoe ie?aiith noa?ith, yeo i/ieth?
a?aeiia?aeaeueia iniaa, ui iana a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca aeio?eiaiiy
caieaiiaaieo aeo?ao ae?iaieoeoaa, oi?io? ?ioi?iaoe?th aeey iniiaieo
ae?iaie/eo i?ae?icae?e?a oa ae?eyiie. A ?iaio? cai?iiiiiaai? oi?ie
neeaaeaiiy ca?oiino? ii oeaio?ao a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. A ?iaio?
iaa?oioiaai? iaea?eueo aeioe?euei? oi?ie i?aaenoaaeaiiy ca?oiino?
oeaio?aie a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. Iaa?oioiaaii, ui, aea?aeaaa iiaeiia
noai?thaaoe a?aeiia?aei? oiiae aeey ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa oa
i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. Ni?eyiiy aea?aeaae
?icaeyaeaeinue a ianooiieo aniaeoao: noai?aiiy oiia aeey ?icaeoeo
i?aei?e?iieoeoaa; iaaeaiiy iiaeaoeiaeo i?euea i?aei?e?iieoeueeei
i?aai?caoe?yi; noai?aiiy oiia aeey ?icaeoeo aeia?inia?nii? eiieo?aioe??.
Iai?yie aea?aeaaiiai aieeao i?aaenoaaeai? ia ?en.2.

A aeena?oaoe?? aecia/aii, ui aiae?c, eiio?ieue oa ieaioaaiiy ? oeie
aaaeaeyie, ye? ni?eythoue i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

A oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee cia/ii ?icoe?ththoueny iniiai?
caaaeaiiy aiae?co i?aei?e?inoa. A?i ia iaiaaeo?oueny ioe?ieith iioi/iiai
noaio i?aei?e?inoaa oa iiooeo oeyo?a eiai iie?auaiiy, a ni?yiiao?oueny
ia iaa?oiooaaiiy i?iaiico iio?aae i?aai?caoe?? o o?iainiaeo ?ano?nao,
aeyaeaiith ?o aeaea?ae, niinia?a iia?e?caoe??. Oea aea?
iiaeeea?noue aeyaeoe iaea?eueo aaaeeea? iai?yie ?iaioe

?en.2 Iai?yie aea?aeaaiiai aieeao ia ?icaeoie i?aei?e?iieoeoaa

i?aei?e?inoa ? anoaiiaeoe oi?ie a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca aeinyaiaiiy
iinoaaeaii? iaoe. C oeeo iiceoe?e a aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaai? iaoiaee/i?
i?aeoiaee aei aiae?co o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ?
aeei?enoaiiy eiai ?acoeueoao?a o a?cian-ieaioaaii?. Cai?iiiiiaaii
ia?aoiaeeoe a?ae a?cian-ieaio aei eiooi?en?a a ?ic??c? oeaio??a
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, oiaoi iinoaoaeii? ?icaeaee aeioiae?a oa aeo?ao ca
oeeie oeaio?aie, aanoe ?o iae?e oa cae?enithaaoe eiio?ieue ca ?o
aeeiiaiiyi. sse iai?yiie i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? a
aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyaea?oueny ?ic?iaea o?iainiai? no?aoaa??, yea
aeicaiey? i?iaiicoaaoe iiaeeea? ??oaiiy ii aeai?o i?i?iaeueieo ?ecee?a o
i?aei?e?iieoeuee?e ae?yeueiino? ? cieaeo? iaaecia/ai?noue o i?eeiyoo?
oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue. Aiae?c ?eceeo ?icaeyaea?oueny o eiioaeno?
aiae?co eiie?aoii? aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe??, Aeey aecia/aiiy noie ?aca?ao
i?ae ?ecee cai?iiiiiaaii aeei?enoaiiy ianooiii? oi?ioee:

wmetafile8? ??(???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¤yyy ??$?????&?
?MathType???????uath??????aea: Ri-noia ?aca?ao i?ae ?-oo eaoaai??th
?eceeo; rj-ii?iaoea ?aca?aoaaiiy; Aij-?-e aeoea j-? eaoaai???.

Iniiai? i?iiiceoe?? ii oaeineiiaeaiith oi?aae?iiy ?iaioith
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ni?yiiaai? ia i?aeaeuaiiy
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy ia?aae aea?aeaaith,
ia?oia?aie, iaeiaieie i?aoe?aieeaie, aeoe?iia?aie ? noni?euenoaii a
oe?eiio.

Aeniiaee

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? noa’?eo?a i?aei?e?iieoeoaa a oiiaao ia?ao?aeiiai
ia??iaeo aeicaiey? c?iaeoe ?yae aeniiae?a oa ocaaaeueiaiue oai?aoe/iiai
? i?aeoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o:

1.Aeiiii?/ia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue iiaeiia ?icaeyaeaoenue ye aaaeeeaa
ooieoe?y oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie ia ??cieo ??aiyo
iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee. Ia aea?aeaaiiio ??ai? i?eeiathoueny caeiie
uiaei iiiaeaoeoaaiiy, i?euea, ii?iaoeae aeiiii?/iiai, nioe?aeueiiai oa
?ioiai oa?aeoa?o. ?o aeeiiaiiy aeiaaa? ?ic?iaee iaoai?ci?a
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ia an?o ??aiyo. ?ic?iaieee caeii?a ia aea?aeaaiiio
??ai? oa o?yaeia? no?oeoo?e iathoue ianoe eiie?aoio a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue
ca ?o iaa?oioiaai?noue. I?aei?e?inoaa, ?ic?iaeyth/e aeanio no?aoaa?th,
oi?iothoue i?aaeea, aeiiae ? ciaia’ycaiiy ia?aae i?aoe?aieeaie, iathoue
ianoe a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca ?o ye?nia aeeiiaiiy.

2. A oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo iiaeae? iae?eo o?iainiaeo ?acoeueoao?a
iaiao?aeii i?eaanoe aei ii?i, ye? ? noi?nieie ?c noaiaea?oaie i?eeiyoeie
o na?oia?e i?aeoeoe?. I?iiiio?oueny, uia iieacieee, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue
o?iainia? ?acoeueoaoe, iaee i?yiee ca’ycie ?c a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

3. Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e
iieacaa aaeeea c?inoaiiy ieoiii? aaae nia?aa?oino? o caaaeueiiio ianyc?
?aae?ciaaii? i?iaeoeoe?? oa cieaeaiiy i?eaooeiaino?, ui ? na?aeioeoaii
cieaeaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, ainiiaea?nueei? aeenoeeie?ie. Aeey oiai,
uia iicaooeny iaaaoeaieo oaiaeaioe?e o ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?inoa, iaiao?aeii
i?aeaeuoaaoe ?ieue aioo??oiuei? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, noai?thaaoe ia
i?aei?e?inoaao oeaio?e a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, ye? iiaeii? iaaeaaaoe
ea??aieoeoao aeiiiiiao o ieaioaaii?, eiio?ie? ca aeioiaeaie oa
aeo?aoaie. Oa?aeoa?ieie iniaeeainoyie ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee ? ianoa/a
aio?aeiaeo eioo?a ia ?ic?aooieiaiio ?aooieo oa o ei?ioeino?ieiaeo
oe?iieo iaia?ao.

4. I?aeaeuaiiy a?aeiia?aeaeuei?no? i?aei?e?inoa ca aeio?eiaiiyi
a?aeiia?aeieo i?iii?oe?e ? ni?aa?aeiioaiue o no?oeoo?? aeoea?a ?
ianea?a, aoaea iiceoeaii aieeaaoe ia ?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino?, ni?eyoeia
i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?. Aeey oeueiai iaiao?aeii
i?aeaeuoaaoe ?ieue o?iainiaiai aiae?co, ieaioaaiiy oa eiio?ieth ye
iniiae aeey caaacia/aiiy aeiia aei a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?.

5.Ia i?aei?e?inoaao ?nio? iaaei?aaaeaii ni?iuaiee i?aeo?ae aei
?ic?aooieo nia?aa?oino?, ui iaaaoeaii aieeaa? ia o?iainiaee noai
i?aei?e?inoa, ia ni?ey? i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca
cieaeaiiy iai?iaeoeoeaieo aeo?ao. Iaiao?aeii caaacia/eoe ca’ycie i?ae
??aiai iiiaeaoeoaaiiy ? cieaeaiiyi nia?aa?oino?. Noia aeiiii??, yea
io?eiaia a?ae cieaeaiiy aeo?ao, iiaeiia /anoeiai ca?eueiyoenue a?ae
nieaoe iiaeaoeo ia i?eaooie. Aaaaeaiiy aeeoa?aioe?eiaaieo noaaie
iiaeaoeo ia i?eaooie ia? ni?eyoe c?inoaiith aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa,
i?aeaeuaiith aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa.

6.Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa
iaiao?aeii iinoaaeoe o?iainia? naieoe?? o caeaaei?noue a?ae aeae?a
i?aaiii?ooaiiy, a oaeiae i?aeaeueoe noie oo?aoieo naieoe?e aei oaeeo
?ici???a, uia ianieaoa iiaeaoe?a noaea aeiiii?/ii iaaea?aeiith.

Nienie iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??

1. Aii/a?oe N.I. Ie?ai? aniaeoe aoaeeoo iaeeo i?aei?e?inoa// Iaoeia?
i?aoe? i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo ? ani??aio?a
aeaaeai??.-Euea?a: Euea?anueea eiia?oe?eia aeaaeai?y,1997. –N. 172-174.

2. Aii/a?oe N. I. Aoaeeoi?nueeee ?ecee oa iiieeee o ca?oiino?//
Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy a ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae: Ui??/iee
iaoe. i?. – Aeione 2. – Euea?a: ??Ae IAI Oe?a?ie, 1997.- N. 355-361.

3. Aii/a?oe N. I. I?i ?icaeoie i?aei?e?iieoeoaa ia no/aniiio aoai?//
Oi?a?aey, eiia?oe?y, i?aei?e?iieoeoai: Ca. iaoe. i?. Euea?anueei?
eiia?oe?eii? aeaaeai??. – Euea?a: Eiiiina?oa EEA, 1998.-N.203-204.

4. Aii/a?oe N.I. Aiae?c e?eoa???a aoaeoeaiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
ia’?eo?a Euea?aueie// ?aa?iiaeueia iie?oeea Oe?a?ie : iaoeia? iniiae,
iaoiaee ? iaoai?cie : Ca. iaoe. i?. – *.1. –Euea?a : ??Ae IAI Oe?a?ie,
1998. – N. 333-336.

5. Ao?ye I. TH., Aii/a?oe N. I. Oi?ioaaiiy iiaeaoeiai? nenoaie a
ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae// Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy a
ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae: Ui??/iee iaoe. i?.- Aeione IV-Euea?a: ??Ae IAI
Oe?a?ie, 1998.-N. 92-97.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a: aecia/ai? iai?yie ?aoi?ioaaiiy iiaeaoeiai?
nenoaie.

6. Aii/a?oe N.I. Aea?aeaaa ? i?aei?e?iieoeoai// Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy a ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae/ ?aa?iiaeuei? aniaeoe ?icaeoeo
i?aei?e?iieoeoaa: Ui??/iee iaoe. i?.-Aeione VII –Euea?a: ??Ae IAI
Oe?a?ie, 1998.- N.34-40.

Aii/a?oe N. I. I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? aaaeae? i?aeaeuaiiy
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaoe
ainiiaea?thaaiiy. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.06.02- I?aei?e?iieoeoai, iaiaaeaeiaio oa
ia?eaoeia. – ?inoeooo ?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie, Euea?a,
1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?noeoue oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai i?aeaeuaiiy
aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo i?aai?caoe?e a oiiaao
ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo ye aaaeeeai? ooieoe?? oi?aae?iiy. Cai?iiiiiaai?
oeyoe i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, iaa?oioiaai? ?ieue
ieaioaaiiy, eiio?ieth oa aiae?co ye iniiae caaacia/aiiy aeiia aei
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? oa iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy ia i?aei?e?inoaao
oeaio??a a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?.

Oeaio? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ia? noaoe ie?aiith noa?ith
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

A ?iaio? cai?iiiiiaaii neeaaeaiiy ca?oiino? oeaio?aie
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, yea iiaea iaoe ?ioi?iaoe?eiee, eiio?ieueiee,
aiae?oe/iee aai ?aeiiaiaeaoe?eiee oa?aeoa?. Oi?ie ?? i?aaenoaaeaiiy
iiaeooue aooe ??ciiiai?oieie : oaenoe, a?ao?ee, oaaeeoe? oiui.

Iaa?oioiaaii aianaiiy ci?i o ae?th/a iiaeaoeiaa caeiiiaeaanoai, c iaoith
eiai oaeineiiaeaiiy, aeey ni?eyiiy ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa oa
i?aeaeuaiiy eiai a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aeiiii?/ia a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue, i?eaooeia?noue,
o?iainiaee noai, aeiiii?/i? aaaeae?, iiaeaoee.

Goncharuk S.M. Organization – Economic Levers of Increasing
Responsibility of Enterprize Structures for the Results of Management –
Manuscript.

The thesis for the scientific degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences
in speciality 08.06.02- Enterprizing business activity, Managament and
Marketing – The Institute of Regional Research of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 1999.

The thesis contains a theoretical research of the problems of increasing
economic responsibility of enterprises under the conditions of the
transition period as an important management function. The ways for
increasing economic responsibility are proposed, the role of planning
control and analysis as the basis for meeting the requirements to the
responsibility and the necessity to create responsibility centre has to
become the separate sphere of the enterprise responsibility.

The work proposes the forms of making acounting in the responsibility
centres which can be of information, control, analytical and
recommendation character. Its forms can be various texts, tables, graphs
etc.

The introduction of changes into the acting tax legislation in order to
improve enterprise development and increasing its responsibility for the
results of management has been substantiated.

Key word: economic responsibility, profit, taxes, financial conditions.

Aii/a?oe N. I. I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea ?u/aae iiauoaiey
ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaou
oicyenoaiaaiey. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.06.02 – I?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, iaiaaeaeiaio e
ia?eaoeia. – Einoeooo ?aaeiiaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee IAI Oe?aeiu, Eueaia,
1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey niaea?aeeo oai?aoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey i?iaeai iiauoaiey
yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo i?aaiecaoeee a
oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea eae aaaeiie ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey. A
aeenna?oaoeeiiiii enneaaeiaaiee ooi/iaii e iieo/eei aeaeueiaeoaa
oaeoaeaiea iiiyoea “yeiiiie/aneay ioaaonoaaiiinoue”
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? ca ?acoeueoaou oicyenoaiaaiey.

Ia iniiaa ioeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo i?aaiecaoeee
i?aaenoaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou ?aeoeiaiaie ioeaiee i?aaei?eyoee a. Eueaiaa.

A?aoiaioe?iaaiu iai?aaeaiey oniaa?oainoaiaaiey oi?i e iaoiaeia
yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ia o?iaia ainoaea?noaa : ia iniiaaiee
oi?ie?iaaiey iaoaieciia ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo no?oeoo? ca
nicaeaiea iaiaoiaeeiuo oneiaee aeey yooaeoeaiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo i?aaiecaoeee. Iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeaii
oniaa?oainoaiaaieth nenoaiu iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, nieaeaieth iaeiaiaiai
a?aiaie, aeeooa?aioeeaoeee iaeiaiauo noaaie, ?aaoee?iaaiey oo?aoiuo
naieoeee ca ianaiaa?aiaiioth oieaoo iaeiaia, aciinia e iaycaoaeueieuo
ieaoaaeae.

I?aaeeiaeaii, aeey iiauoaiey yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe, ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo nicaeaaaoue “oeaio?u ioaaonoaaiiinoe”, aeey eioi?uo
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony ninoaaeaiea aioo?aiiae io/aoiinoe, eioi?ay aoaeao
niinianoaiaaoue oeo/oaieth eiio?iey e iiauoaieth iia?aoeaiinoe iieo/aiey
eioi?iaoeee i aeioiaeao e ?anoiaeao a ?ac?aca no?oeoo?iuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee e aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee. Oi?iu aa i?aaenoaaeaiey iiaoo
auoue ?aciiia?aciuie: oaenou, a?aoeee e oaaeeoeu, eioi?ua aeiiieiythony
niioaaonoaothueie ?an/aoaie.

A?aoiaioe?iaaii iiauoaiea ?iee ieaie?iaaiey, eiio?iey e aiaeeca eae
iniiau aeey iaania/aiey auiieiaiey o?aaiaaiee e ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Aianaii
i?aaeeiaeaiea: inouanoaeyoue iiieoi?eia ?anoiaeia a ?ac?aca oeaio?ia
ioaaonoaaiiinoe.

A aeenna?oaoeee i?aaeeiaeaii i?iaiaeeoue aiaeec ?enea e
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea, /oi aoaeao
niinianoaiaaoue iiauoaieth yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ?an/aou n
aeaeiauie ia?oia?aie e ii nnoaeao aaiea. I?aaeeiaeaii ?aca?ae?iaaoue
?enee, eioi?ua naycaiu n iaauieaoie aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe,
iioa?yie ii nnoaeao a aaieianeie aeayoaeueiinoe, aaethoiua e i?i/ea
eiia?/aneea ?enee.

I?aaeeiaeaiiua aaoi?ii oai?aoe/aneea iieiaeaiey e iiaeoiaeu iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu i?e oi?ie?iaaiee ioaeaeueiuo iai?aaeaiee
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey iaeiaiaie iieeoeee a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea.

?ac?aaioaiiua aaoi?ii ?aeiiaiaeaoeee iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu
eiia?/aneeie no?oeoo?aie i?e i?aaiecaoeee oeiainiauo neoaea, au?iaioea
oeiainiaie no?aoaaee i?aaei?eyoey a oneiaeyo ?uiea, nicaeaiee oeaio?ia
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ia i?eaaoece?iaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo.

Ia iniiaaiee i?iaaaeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey naeaeaiu auaiaeu oai?aoe/aneiai
e i?aeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a:

– yeiiiie/aneoth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ?aeiiaiaeiaaii ?anniao?eaaoue eae
aaaeioth ooieoeeth oi?aaeaiey yeiiiie/aneeie i?ioeannaie ia ?aciuo
o?iaiyo iaoeeiiaeueiie yeiiiieee;

– a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo iiaeaee o/aoa oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoia
aeieaeiu auoue i?eaaaeaiu a niioaaonoaea n ie?iauie noaiaea?oaie.
Iieacaoaee, eioi?ua oa?aeoa?ecotho ?acoeueoaou ?iaiou
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo?, aeieaeiu eiaoue i?yioth naycue n
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ca ?acoeueoaou oicyenoaiaaiey;

– anoue iaiaoiaeeiinoue a iiauoaiee aioo?aiiae ioaaonoaaiiinoe, iooai
nicaeaiey ia i?aaei?eyoeyo oeaio?ia ioaaonoaaiiinoe;

– i?aaeeaaaaony iiauneoue ?ieue oeiainiaiai aiaeeca, ieaie?iaaiey e
eiio?iey eae iniiau aeey iaania/aiey auiieiaiey o?aaiaaiee e
ioaaonoaaiiinoe;

– i?aaeeaaaaony aianoe eciaiaiey a nenoaio iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey: noiio
yeiiiiee, eioi?ay iieo/aia io nieaeaiey naaanoieiinoe, iaiaoiaeeii
/anoe/ii eee iieiinoueth inaiaiaeeoue io iaeiaa ia i?eaueue, /oi aoaeao
niinianoaiaaoue iiauoaieth yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe;

– i?aaeeaaaaony noeioee?iaaoue aeiaeaiea n?aaenoa a ?anoe?aiea
i?iecaiaenoaa, /oi iineoaeeo eo aeaeueiaeoaio yooaeoeaiiio
eniieueciaaieth. Aaaaeaiea aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiuo noaaie iaeiaa ia
i?eaueue aoaeao niinianoaiaaoue yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe e ?inoo
iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa. I?aaeeaaaaony aaee/eio iaeiaa ia i?eaueue
iinoaaeoue a caaeneiinoue io iai?aaeaiee eniieueciaaiey i?eauee;

– iinoaaeoue oeiainiaua naieoeee a caaeneiinoue io aeaea i?aaiia?ooaiey,
iiauneoue eo noiiu aei oaeeo ?acia?ia, /oiau iaieaoeoue iaeiae noaei
yeiiiie/anee iaauaiaeiui.

Ana ia?a/eneaiiua ia?ii?eyoey aoaeoo niinianoaiaaoue iiauoaieth
yeiiiie/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? ca
?acoeueoaou oicyenoaiaaiey.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: yeiiiie/aneay ioaaonoaaiiinoue, ?aioaaaeueiinoue,
oeiainiaia ninoiyiea, iaeiae, yeiiiie/aneea ?u/aae.

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