.

Організаційно-економічні форми функціонування великих підприємницьких структур: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук / О.В. Кокшаров, Одес. держ. екон. ун

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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

IAeANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE AEIIII?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

OAeE 338.1:658

Eieoa?ia Ieaen?e Ay/aneaaiae/

I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? oi?ie ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeeeeo
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.02.03 –

I?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy, ieaioaaiiy oa ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai

nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Iaeana – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioo aeeiiaii a Iaeanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aeiiii?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie (i. Iaeana).

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ?
oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie?aaeuee?i Ieaenaiae? Naiaiiae/,Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee
aeiiii?/iee oi?aa?neoao I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie,i?ioani? eaoaae?e
iaiaaeaeiaiooIo?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?,/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio IAI Oe?a?ieAiioa Ieaenaiae?
?aaiiae/,?inoeooo aeiiii?ee i?iieneiaino?

IAI Oe?a?ie (i. Aeiiaoeuee), aee?aeoi?eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaioI?enooia Ieeiea Ieeeiiae/AAO oieaeeiaiaa eiiiai?y “E?ayi” (i.
Iaeana), Aieiaa i?aae?iiyI?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: I?ia?aeia
onoaiiaa:Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee aeiiii?/iee oi?aa?neoao, eaoaae?a
iae?iaeiiii?ee oa aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy (i. Ee?a)

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “30” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 14 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.41.055.01 Iaeanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith:
270026, i.Iaeana, aoe. I?aia?aaeainueea, 8.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaeanueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “29” o?aaiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

e.a.i., aeioeaio
Ia?e?oai I.N.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Neooaoe?y a aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie caeeoa?oueny aeoaea
neeaaeiith. Cia/ia iaaecia/ai?noue i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/iiai noaoono
aaeeeeo i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa oa ia’?aeiaiue aiane?aeie
iacaaa?oaiino? i?ioean?a i?eaaoecaoe?? o noeoiiino? ?c noia?a/eeaith
ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaith ?aaeaiaioaoe??th i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?, a
oaeiae iai?aeaioiaeai?noue cia/ii? /anoeie ea??aieoeoaa oa aeoe?iia??a
?nioth/eo oa noai?thth/eony oe?a?inueeeo eiiiai?e aei ?iaioe a iiaeo
oiiaao ? iaeaaaeeea?oeie /eiieeaie, ui ia?aoeiaeaeathoue ?? aoaeoeaiiio
?aoi?ioaaiith.

Niinoa??aath/eeny neeaaeiee noai ni?aa o a?o/eciyi?e i?iieneiaino?
aeeeeea? iaaaeii? ianooaaii? iiaea?i?caoe?? aeey oo?eiaiiy
eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino? ?? i?iaeoeoe?? ye ia ciai?oi?o, oae ? ia
aioo??oiueiio ?eieao. I?ae oei, caeo/aiiy ye ?iicaiieo, oae ?
a?o/eciyieo ?iaanoeoe?e a cia/i?e i??? caeaaeeoue a?ae iayaiino?
a?aeiia?aeieo no?oeoo?, ui caaacia/othoue ia?aeea ?ano?n?a ye ana?aaeei?
aaeoc?, oae ? iii?ae ??cieie aaeocyie. Iaeiei c iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeaieo
oa aoaeoeaieo iai?yie?a ae??oaiiy oeeo i?iaeai ? ?ic?iaea oa
iaeaaiaeaeaiiy iaoai?cio ni?eyiiy noai?aiith oa ooieoe?iioaaiith aaeeeeo
iaoe?iiaeueieo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ia c?acie
o?iainiai-i?iieneiaeo a?oi (OIA).

?icaeyaeaiith ieoaiue aca?iiae?? oa ?ioaa?aoe?? eiiiai?e ae?iaie/iai oa
o?iainiaiai naeoi??a aeiiii?ee i?enay/aia aaeeea e?euee?noue
aeine?aeaeaiue ye a?o/eciyieo, oae ? ca?oa?aeieo aaoi??a. Iaeiae
i?iaeaia oey aein? ia iiaea aaaaeaoeny inoaoi/ii ae??oaiith.
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?. Ainiooa, I.Ii?oa?a, O.
I?oa?na, ?. Oioa?iaia, A.A. Oiiniia, A.Aeae. No??eeaiaea oa ?ioeo ia
iiaeooue aooe aaciina?aaeiuei aeei?enoai? oe?a?inueeeie ?iaanoi?aie oa
iaiaaeaea?aie, ine?eueee aiie caniiaai? ia ?aae?yo ?icaeiooeo aeiiii?e.
I?aoe? a?o/eciyieo a/aieo A.C. Anoaiiae/a, A.A. Aa?aciiai,
A.E.Ae?aaeianueeiai, ?.Ae.?aaiiaa, I.?. Iiiaieao, A.A. Aeai?ia, ?.?.
?oaeaeiaa, ?.E. Aoaiiaa, A.A.Iieoi?iie, A.?. ?aaiei oa ?ioeo ii
?icaeyioo?e oai? aoee i?enay/ai? aea/aiith i?iaeai ?icaeoeo eeoa
ca?oa?aeieo eiiiai?e, i?e oeueiio /anoi iineee caeaa?eueoiai iieniaee oa
iaaei??ii oaiaeaioe?iciee oa?aeoa?, cina?aaeaeoth/enue, a iniiaiiio, ia
?aeaieia?/ii aaaiieo aniaeoao ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy (na?aae aeiyoe?a iiaeia
iacaaoe, iai?eeeaae, i?aoe? O.ss. A?eion, N.A. *ai?aeiaa, ?.E.
Oiaeueieoeueei?, A.?. Ua?aaeiaa). A?eueo no/ani? i?aoe? ii aeai?e oa
noi?aeiei oaiai A.I.Iaaeth/aiei, A.A. Oa?aiao, TH.I. Ianeai/eeiaa
iinyoue caeaa?eueoiai oai?aoe/iee oa?aeoa?, ?o aeniiaee oa ?acoeueoaoe
i?aeoe/ii iaei i?eaeaoi? o no/anieo aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo oiiaao
ooieoe?iioaaiiy a?ciano a Oe?a?i?.

Oaeei /eiii, i?iaeaie noai?aiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aai?caoe?eieo
no?oeoo? aaeeeiai a?ciano a no/anieo a?o/eciyieo oiiaao i?aeoe/ii ia
caeiaoee nenoaiaoe/iiai ina?oeaiiy a iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo??, aiane?aeie
/iai ia i?aeaioiaeaia iaeaaeia oai?aoe/ia aaca, iieiaeaiiy yei? iiaee
ae aooe aeei?enoai? o i?ioean? i?aeoe/ii? ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?.

Iniaeeaa oaaaa iiaeiia aooe i?eae?eaia ei?aaoaaiith ii?iaoeaii? aace, ui
?aaoeth? ae?yeuei?noue aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? oeio
o?iainiai-i?iieneiaeo a?oi oa oieaeeia?a c iaoith noai?aiiy ni?eyoeeaeo
oiia aeey aca?iiae?? iaoe?iiaeueieo oa ?iicaiieo i?iieneiaeo ?
o?iainiaeo eiiiai?e. Oaeee neia?ic, ye oi aeaiiino?o? aeina?ae ?icaeoeo
aaeeeiai a?ciano ia Caoiae?, caeaoiee cae?enieoe ?noioiee oa
aeiaaino?ieiaee icaei?iaethth/ee aieea noiniaii on?o o/aniee?a
a?aeiia?aeieo a?oi oa ia aeiiii?eo o oe?eiio.

Oe? ianoaaeie iaoiiaeththoue aeooaeuei?noue oaie ? aecia/athoue
i?aeoe/io cia/ou?noue aeena?oaoe??, i?enay/aii? aeine?aeaeaiith i?iaeai
oa iniaeeainoae noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?
(a?cian-no?oeoo?) o no/anieo a?o/eciyieo aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo oiiaao.

Ca’ycie ?c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiaia o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei oaiaoeee caoaa?aeaeaii?
Iaeacii I?i?noa?noaa Ina?oe Oe?a?ie ?37 a?ae 13.02.97 ?. I?ia?aie
“Aeiiiii/ii i?iaeaie ?icaoaeiae aea?aeaaiinoi Oe?a?ie: aaaeaei oa
noeioee ?icaeoeo ainiiaea?/eo nenoai” (oaiaoe/iee ieai iaaeaoc?anueeeo
iaoeiaeo oa iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo i?ia?ai ia 1997-1999 ??. ?68).

Iaoa oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iaa?oiooaaiiy
aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo i?eioeei?a ? ?ic?iaea iaoiaee/ieo canaae noai?aiiy ?
?icaeoeo aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? (OIA oa oieaeeia?a), i?eaeaoieo aei
i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy o no/anieo a?o/eciyieo oiiaao.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iaoe iinoaaeai? iniiai? caaea/?:

ocaaaeueieoe ?ao?iniaeoeao, a oaeiae no/ani? oaiaeaioe?? o ?icaeoeo
aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? o ?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao;

iaa?oiooaaoe aeiiii?/io aeioe?euei?noue noai?aiiy aaeeeeo
a?cian-no?oeoo? ii oeio OIA oa oieaeeia?a a no/anieo oiiaao Oe?a?ie;

ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co ii?iaoeaii? aace, ui ?aaeaiaioo? ae?yeuei?noue
icia/aieo no?oeoo?, cai?iiiioaaoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? a?aeiinii ei?aeoe??
?aaeeio ?o i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy;

nenoaiaoecoaaoe oa?aeoa?i? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inuee? iiieeee a
i?ioean? noai?aiiy oa ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo?;

?ic?iaeoe i?eaeaoi? aei i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
noai?aiiy oa ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo?, ui iathoue
iaoith i?aeaeueoe aoaeoeai?noue oa iaae?ei?noue ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy o
no/anieo oiiaao Oe?a?ie.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iaoeia? i?aoe? a?o/eciyieo ?
ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo; iaoa??aee i?i ?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino? OIA oa
oieaeeia?a (oe?a?inueeeo oa ?in?enueeeo), a oaeiae caeiiiaeaa/? oa ?io?
ii?iaoeai? aeoe Oe?a?ie oa ?in?? c aeine?aeaeoaaii? oa noi?aeieo oaiai.
A i?ioean? ?iaioe aeei?enoiaoaaeenue iaoiaeeee ? iaoiaee ?noi?e/iiai,
nenoaiiiai, o?aiaeiaiai ? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co, aenia?oieo ioe?iie,
iaoiaee ? iaoiaeeee caaaeueii? oai??? i?aaa.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a iaa?oiooaaii?
eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei i?iaeaie aca?iiae?? ? ?ioaa?aoe?? i?iieneiaeo
oa o?iainiaeo eiiiai?e a i?ioean? noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo
a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo?, ui iieyaa? o ?aae?caoe?? iaeii/anieo oa
iiaiaeaeaieo caoiae?a uiaei caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? iaa?oioiaaiino?,
th?eaee/ii? /enoioe oa i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? aoaeoeaiino? ?o
ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?iaaaeaiiai aeena?oaioii, ui aeiinyoueny
aei caoenoo:

iaea?aeai? iia? aeai? i?i aacia? iioeae ? oaeoi?e no/anieo
eiinie?aeaoe?eieo i?ioean?a o ?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao;

ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co no/anii? iae?iaeiiii?/ii? neooaoe?? a Oe?a?i?
aeyaeai? oa iaa?oioiaai? ia?aaeoiiae oa niiioeaeuei? iioeae aeey
?icaeoeo i?ioean?a aca?iiae?? oa ?ioaa?aoe?? o?iainiaeo oa i?iieneiaeo
eiiiai?e o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe?;

aeyaeai? iniiai? i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? oi?ie, i?eioeeie oa
iniaeeaino? noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? a
no/anieo oiiaao;

aecia/ai? iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?i? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inuee? iiieeee a
i?ioean? noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo?;

iaaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? a?aeiinii ei?aeoe?? ?aaeeio i?aaiaiai
?aaoethaaiiy ii?yaeeo noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo OIA oa oieaeeia?a a Oe?a?i?;

a ?aieao cai?iiiiiaaiiai eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo iaaeai? i?eaeaoi? aei
i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei caaaeueieo
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueeeo oa aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei
noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo?, ui iathoue ia
iao? i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? oa iaae?eiino? ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy o
no/anieo oiiaao. Cie?aia, cai?iiiiiaai? oa iaa?oioiaai?: iaea?eueo
th?eaee/ii iaae?eia, aeiiii?/ii aeioe?eueia oa aoaeoeaia i?aai?caoe?eia
no?oeoo?a aaeeei? a?o/eciyii? aeeaa?neo?eiaaii? OIA; nenoaia o/ano? a
noaoooieo oiiaeao eiiiai?e – o/aniee?a, a oaeiae i?eioeeie iai?io
?ioi?iaoe??th oa noaia iniiaieo oi?aae?inueeeo ca’yce?a ana?aaeei? oaei?
a?oie;

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o iiaeeeaino?:

aeei?enoaiiy cai?iiiiiaaieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e aeey noai?aiiy aai
eiiieaeniiai aaeineiiaeaiiy aaea iayaieo noai o/ano?,
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? no?oeoo?e, o?iainiaeo oa iiaeaoeiaeo noai,
ui aecia/athoue ooieoe?iioaaiiy a?ciano;

iiaoaeiae i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiai?, oi?aae?inueei? oa o?iainiai?
no?oeoo?e iiaiai iai?yieo a?ciano ia iniia? cacaeaeaa?aeue ?ic?iaeaiiai
ieaio, noai?aiiai c o?aooaaiiyi cai?iiiiiaaieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Aeei?enoaiiy cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee caeaoia ?aaeueii iie?aueoe nenoaio
aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo aca?iica’yce?a ana?aaeei? aaeeei? a?cian-no?oeoo?e,
aeanoue i???ioe?e aeey ?? oaeineiiaeaiiy, i?aeaeuaiiy ia oe?e iniia? ??
aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?, ?iaanoeoe?eii? i?eaaaeeaino? oa iaae?eiino?.

Aeniiaee ? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, iaea?aeai? a ?acoeueoao?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aoee aeei?enoai? I?? “Eaaeaae Iee Na?a?n” (i. Iaeana) a
i?ioean? ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoo eaaeiaeo oaeniiioi?ieo ia?aaacaiue ia aac?
AOCO “Ioi?oeeiaeueia oaen?” (Aeo i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 07 a?oaeiy 1998
?.; aeiiii?/iee aoaeo – 260000 a?i.), AOCO ?E “Eai?oae-?iaano” (i.
Iaeana), a oaeiae i?ae?icae?eaie Iaeanueei? iaeaea?aeaaei?i?no?aoe??.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aoee aeei?enoai? a o/aiaiio i?ioean?
IAeAO i?e i?aeaioiaoe? niaoeeo?n?a “Iaiaaeaeiaio oa iniiae oi?aae?iiy”,
“Aeiiii?ea oa i?aai?caoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa”, “?eiie oe?iieo iaia??a”.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? oa iaa?oiooaaii?
eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei noai?aiiy oa ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo
a?cian-no?oeoo?. Aaoi?ii aecia/ai? no/ani? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo
a?cian-no?oeoo?; iaaeai? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei ei?aeoe??
ii?iaoeaii? aace, ui ?aaeaiaioo? ii?yaeie noai?aiiy oa ooieoe?iioaaiiy
oieaeeia?a oa OIA; cacia/ai? oeiia? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inuee? iiieeee
a i?ioean? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeeeeo a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo?;
cai?iiiiiaai? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inuee? oa aeiiii?ei-i?aaia?
i?aeoiaee aei ?o noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee aeeeaaeai? a iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeyo,
io?eiaee noaaeaiiy ia Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oeyoe ?icaoaeiae
?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua a Oe?a?ii” (IAeAO, i. Iaeana, 20-22 aeiaoiy 1998
?.), ia V I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (i.Ee?a –
i.O?oneaaaoeue, 8-9 ea?oiy 1999 ?.), aoee aeei?enoai? o ae?yeueiino? I??
“Eaaeaae Iee Na?a?n”, AOCO ?E “Eai?oae-?iaano”, a oaeiae o ae?yeueiino?
i?ae?icae?e?a Iaeanueei? iaeaea?aeaaei?i?no?aoe?? oa a o/aiaiio i?ioean?
IAeAO.

Ioae?eaoe??. Anueiai ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iaae?oeiaaii 6 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue caaaeueiei ianyaii 3,0 ae.a., c yeeo aaciina?aaeiuei aaoi?o
iaeaaeeoue 2,5 ae.a.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, aeeeaaeaieo ia 151 noi??ieao. O iniiaiiio
oaeno? iaaaaeaii 23 oaaeeoe?. Aeena?oaoe?y oaeiae i?noeoue nienie
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ?c 215 iaeiaioaaiue ia 9 noi??ieao oa 15
aeiaeaoe?a ia 15 noi??ieao, o o./. 2 oaaeeoe? oa 13 ?ethno?aoe?e.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aaoi?ii aeine?aeaeaiue
caoeuathoueny oae? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy.

?icae?e 1. Noai?aiiy aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ye iane?aeie
?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?ioean?a a aeiiii?oe?. A ?icae?e? i?aaenoaaeaiee aiae?c
i?ioean?a aca?iiae?? oa aca?iii?iieeiaiiy i?iieneiaeo, o?iainiaeo oa
?ioeo eiiiai?e o aeiiii?/ii ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao o ?ao?iniaeoea? ? o
iei?oi?e /an; aeyaeai? ? iaa?oioiaai? iniiai? iioeae ? oaeoi?e
eiinie?aeaoe?eieo i?ioean?a o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe?.

Iieacaii, ui a o?iiieia?/iiio ieai? ?icaeoie aaeeeiai a?ciano
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ia?aoiaeii a?ae caeaa?eueoiai aeiaia??ieo oi?i
caaacia/aiiy eiio?ieth aei iaoai?ci?a, ui aacothoueny ia a?aeiineiao
aeaniino?, ye? caaacia/othoue a?eueo o?eaeee ? aeiaaino?ieiaee oa?aeoa?
aca?iia?aeiinei iii?ae o/anieeaie aaeeei? aeeaa?neo?eiaaii?
a?cian-no?oeoo?e.

?icaeoie i?aai?caoe?eieo no?oeoo? a?ciano i?ioiaeea ia?aeaeueii o o?ueio
ei?aniiiaeoth/eony ieiueiao: i?aai?caoe?eii-th?eaee/ia ioi?ieaiiy oa
cae??ieaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? ana?aaeei? a?ciano a noi?iio i?aeaeuaiiy
nooiaiy eiai ea?iaaiino?; ?ic?iaea oa aaeeooy no?aoaa?e c?inoo;
noai?aiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aaeaeaaoieo i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueeeo
iiaeaeae. I?e oeueiio nooo?a? iiaaee a iaeiiio c aniaeo?a ae?yeueiino?
aecia/aee aaeaeaaoi? ?i ci?ie a ?ioeo. Eia?ea o?ainoi?iaoe?e
th?eaee/iiai ioi?ieaiiy oe?e?niino? a?ciano iaea a nai?e iniia?
aeiiii?/ii cia/ou? oaeoi?e. Eiaei?e iai?ai?e i?aai?caoe?ei?e oi?i?
a?aeiia?aeaea iaaia no?aoaa?y ?icaeoeo a?ciano.

Aeniain?ii?nonueeee oa?aeoa? c?inoo a?cian-no?oeoo? aecia/a?oueny
i?ioeanaie aeiaae?caoe?? na?oiai? aeiiii?ee, ui i?enei?ththoueny, a
oaeiae ?ioi?iaoe?eiith oa iaoeiai-oaoiieia?/iith ?aaiethoe??th,
iane?aeeii /iai noaei aacia?a?aia i?aeneeaiiy eiieo?aioe??, a oaeiae
ye?ni? ci?ie a ?? oa?aeoa??.

O ca’yceo ?c iineeaiiyi a?aee?eoino? aeiiii?ee i?iaeaiith oe?a?inueeeo
eiiiai?e ? i?aeaeuaiiy nai?? eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino? o
aenieioaoiieia?/ieo, iaoei?iieo oa aenii?oii??aioiaaieo aaeocyo, ?iaeoa
aeiiii?ea e?a?ie o oe?eiio ? iaeaaaeeea?o? ?? aaeoc? oa i?aei?e?inoaa ia
ciiaeooue ia ??aiii?aaieo oiiaao eiieo?oaaoe ?c aeiaaeueieie
noia?ieeaie, ui aaaea aei ao?aoe ye ciai?oiueiai, oae ? aioo??oiueiai
?eieo.

Cacia/a?oueny, ui a oeae /an yaii aecia/eany eiiieaen iaaaoeaieo
oaeoi??a, ui ?iaeyoue iaiao?aeiei ia’?aeiaiiy coneeue a?o/eciyieo
o?iainiaeo oa i?iieneiaeo eiiiai?e a ?aieao aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? aeey
ae??oaiiy icia/aii? i?iaeaie, o oiio /ene?:

iaiine?aeiaii ? ia??oo/a cai?iaaaeaeoaaia i?eaaoecaoe?y;

iaaeie?ee i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?;

e?eoe/iee noai eeth/iaeo iae?iaeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a;

ii?aeueia oa o?ce/ia canoa??e?noue iaeaaeiaiiy oa oaoiieia?e
i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa;

iaiiaeeea?noue ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?inoa ye ca ?aooiie aeanieo ?ano?n?a, oae
? ca ?aooiie caiice/aiue ia aioo??oiueiio ? ciai?oi?o a?ioiaeo ?eieao oa
?eieao eai?oae?a;

iaiiaeeea?noue cae?eniaiiy a?o/eciyieie aaieaie aaeeeeo ?iaanoeoe?e ?
iaaeaiiy aeiaaino?ieiaeo e?aaeeo?a ae?iaieeai a neeo caaaeueii?
neaaeino? aaie?anueei? nenoaie oa ?i.

sse i?aeeaco? na?oiaee aeina?ae, oaea ia’?aeiaiiy coneeue
e?aaeeoii-o?iainiaeo onoaiia, ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieo ?iaanoi??a,
i?iieneiaeo oa ?ioeo eiiiai?e aeanoue cia/iee iiceoeaiee aoaeo, a
?acoeueoao? /iai c?inoa aeiiii?/iee iioaioe?ae on?o o/aniee?a
ia’?aeiaiiy, cia/ii iineeyoueny iiceoe?? iaoe?iiaeueiiai eai?oaeo a
i?ioean? aca?iiae?? ?c ?iicaiieie ?iaanoi?aie, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny e
iaoa??aeaie i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue.

?icae?e 2. I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? oi?ie oa i?aeoeea ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?. A ?icae?e? cae?eniaiee aiae?c ?
nenoaiaoecaoe?y neeaaeo oa iniiaieo i?aai?caoe?eieo oi?i ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? o no/anieo oiiaao Oe?a?ie oa ?in??; c?iaeaiee
e?eoe/iee ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ii?iaoeaii? aace, ui ?aaeaiaioo? ?o
noai?aiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy, iaaeai? i?iiiceoe?? uiaei ?? ei?aaoaaiiy, o
o./. a?aeiinii aecia/aiiy iiiyoue, eeth/iaeo aeey aeine?aeaeoaaii? oaie;
aeyaeai? iniiai? i?eioeeie oa oa?aeoa?i? iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo
a?cian-no?oeoo?, i?iaiae?ciaai? aeaye? ?acoeueoaoe ?o ae?yeueiino?;
?ice?eoa iae?iaeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

Iieacaii, ui iniiaieie i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeie oi?iaie aca?iiae??
o?iainiaeo oa i?iieneiaeo eiiiai?e a Oe?a?i? ? a ?in?? ? OIA oa
oieaeeiae. A caeaaeiino? a?ae eiie?aoieo aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo oiia naiai
noai?aiiy ? ?icaeoeo, OIA iiaeooue aooe oi?iaeueieie ? iaoi?iaeueieie,
aeiaia??ieie oa oieaeeiaiaiai oeio.

?ioaa?aoe?ei? i?ioeane a iaoe?iiaeuei?e aeiiii?oe? a caaaeueieo ?enao
iane?aeothoue na?oia? i?eeeaaee, iaeiae iniaeea?noth ?o ? aaee/aci?
oaiie ?icaeoeo ? niaoeeo?/i? aeaea?aea c?inoo a?oi. I?e oeueiio o
?icaeoeo eiaeii? a?cian-no?oeoo?e ? naiy eia?ea, iaoiiaeaia eiie?aoieie
oiiaaie ?? noai?aiiy, a oaeiae iniaenoeie yeinoyie ?? oaeoe/ieo
aeaniee?a ? oii-iaiaaeaea??a, ui iaoiiaeth? ??ciiiai?oi?noue noai
aca?iia?aeiinei iii?ae eiiiai?yie-o/anieoeyie.

Ca i?aenoieaie aiae?co ?yaeo aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? (o o./.
OIA/oieaeeia?a “?ieiiaaie”, “Aeueoa-a?oi”, “Iaiaoai”-“?ini?ii”-“THEIN”,
“IAAEN?I Aaie”-“IOE-?aianain”-“?ioa?in”, “Oe?a?inueea o?iainiaa a?oia”,
ANE “Oe???/oeio” oa ?ioeo) anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieie
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueeeie noaiaie oaeeo no?oeoo? ?:

noai?aiiy aaieii aei?noei oeaio?ae?ciaaii? i??ai?aeaeueii? oieaeeiaiai?
no?oeoo?e “i?ae naaa”; ?icaeoie a?oie cae?enith?oueny a oiiaao
i??i?eoaoo ?aeeii? no?aoaa?? oa caaaeaiue;

noai?aiiy aaieii oe?iei aeeaa?neo?eiaaii? OIA c iiaeaeueoei ia?aiinii
aeoeaioo a no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo a?oie ia ae?iaie/ee naeoi?;

aii?oia iiaoaeiaa a?oie c iaaecia/aiith ?ieeth aaie?anueeeo onoaiia;

oi?ioaaiiy oieaeeiao i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa ca ?aooiie aeanieo
?ano?n?a.

Aecia/aeueia ?ieue a ae?yeueiino? a?eueoino? c aeine?aeaeaieo OIA
iaeaaeeoue o?iainiaei onoaiiaai, a iniaeeaino? – aaeeeei aaieai.
Canoiniaothoueny on? a?aeii? iniiai? oi?ie o/ano? aaie?a o OIA
(aeiaaino?ieia? o?iainia? ca’ycee, nenoaia o/ano? a noaoooiiio eai?oae?,
iniaenoa oi?y).

A?aeie?aiethaaeueiith iniaeea?noth e?oiieo a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo? ?
oa, ui iaeaaaeeea?oa cia/aiiy aeey ieo ia? ooieoe?y caaacia/aiiy
oi?iaeueiiai eiio?ieth, ?ioeie neiaaie, a?aeiia?aei? a?oie
noai?ththoueny caeaa?eueoiai ia aeey ii?ooaeueiiai, a aeey i?yiiai
?iaanooaaiiy. I?e oeueiio aeei?enoiao?oueny eiia?iaoe?y aeiaia??iiai ?
oieaeeiaiaiai cania?a oi?ioaaiiy ?o neeaaeo oa caaacia/aiiy eiio?ieth
iaae o/anieeaie c i?aaaethaaiiyi inoaiiueiai, ui coiiaeth?oueny
i?aeoe/iith ?aeaioe/i?noth ooieoe?e aieiaieo eiiiai?e OIA oa
oieaeeia?a.

Eiiiai?? – o/anieee ?nioth/eo iaea?eueo oe?iei aeeaa?neo?eiaaieo a?oi
iiaeooue aooe oiiaii iiae?eai? ia o?e a?oie: o?iainia? oa o?nii
iia’ycai? c ieie eiiiai??, i?iieneia? i?aei?e?inoaa oa i?aei?e?inoaa
noa?e iineoa, ianeoaiaoth/? oa aeiiii?aei? o??ie.

Iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino? OIA i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue iiaeyaee i?i
iiceoeaia iae?i- oa i?e?iaeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy ?ioaa?aoe?? o?iainiaeo,
i?iieneiaeo oa ?ioeo eiiiai?e.

Nenoaia ?ioa?an?a aieiaieo noa’?eo?a ?eieo, ui aa?ooue o/anoue o
oi?ioaaii? OIA, iiaea aooe i?aaenoaaeaia ianooiiei /eiii:

aea?aeaaa caoe?eaaeaia o yeiiiaa nei??oiio iiaeieaii? e?eciaeo yaeu oa
oaiaeaioe?e a aeiiii?oe? oa i?aeaeuaii? ?? eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino?;

eiiiai?? – o i?aeaeuaii? o?iainiai? o?eaaeino?, eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino?,
?iaanoeoe?eii? i?eaaaeeaino?, o io?eiaii? aeinooio aei o?iainiaeo oa
?ioaeaeooaeueieo ?ano?n?a o?iainiaeo ?inoeooo?a;

?inoeoooe?iiaeuei? ?iaanoi?e – o i?aeaeuaii? aoaeoeaiino? ae?yeueiino?
oa cieaeaii? ?ecee?a a oiiaao iaaeineiiaeiai caeiiiaeaanoaa oa
iaaoaeoeaiino? eiai canoinoaaiiy.

I?aeoeea aioo??oiueia?oiiaeo ?ai?aai?caoe?e aeaiiino?o? ona?aeiieaiiy
iaiao?aeiino? iio?aae eiiieaeniiai aei ia? i?aeoiaeo, ?ioeie neiaaie,
?icoi?iiy caeaaeiino? caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? a?oie a?ae
noai?aiiy aaeaeaaoii? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? noaie
aca?iia?aeiinei i?ae eiiiai?yie-o/anieoeyie.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeiaiaeyoue, ui, iacaaaeath/e ia
a?aenooi?noue nooo?aeo caeiiiaeaa/eo noeioe?a, a ?in?? niinoa??aa?oueny
oaiaeaioe?y aei th?eaee/iiai cae??ieaiiy eiiiai?yie nai?? oaeoe/ii?
iaeaaeiino? aei iaei??? a?oie, ui iaoiiaeth?oueny iaiao?aei?noth
aeiaeaoeiaiai iineeaiiy oa ?aoe?iiae?caoe?? aioo??oiueia?oiiaeo
ca’yce?a. A Oe?a?i?, ia aeaeue, aiaeia?/i? i?ioeane i?ioiaeyoue cia/ii
iia?euei?oa, ia a inoaiith /a?ao caaaeyee iaaeineiiaeiio caeiiiaeaanoao.

Aoaiii ?icaeoeo ?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?ioean?a ? ia?o? e?iee uiaei noai?aiiy
o?ainiaoe?iiaeueieo oa i?aeaea?aeaaieo OIA, ui caeeeeai? noai?eoe iia?
ia?niaeoeae aeiiii?/ii? ?ioaa?aoe?? e?a?i NIAe.

?icae?e 3. Iniaeeaino? noai?aiiy oa ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeeeeo
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? a Oe?a?i?. A ?icae?e? i?iaiae?ciaai? ?
nenoaiaoeciaai? ?iciianthaeaeai? iiieeee o ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyieo
a?cian-no?oeoo?; ia iniia? cae?eniaieo aeine?aeaeaiue cai?iiiiiaai? ?
iaa?oioiaai? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? a?aeiinii aeioe?eueii?
(iioeiaeueii?) i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? no?oeoo?e, a oaeiae neeaaeo
o/aniee?a no/anii? a?o/eciyii? aeeaa?neo?eiaaii? OIA; nenoaie o/ano? o
noaoooieo eai?oaeao eiiiai?e-o/aniee?a, a oaeiae i?eioeeie iai?io
?ioi?iaoe??th oa iniiaieo oi?aae?inueeeo ca’yce?a ana?aaeei? oaei? a?oie
o no/anieo aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo oiiaao ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

Iieacaia iaiao?aei?noue eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo a i?ioean? th?eaee/iiai
cae??ieaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? ana?aaeei? a?oie, oi?ioaaiiy i?eioeei?a
o?ainoa?oiiai oe?iiooai?aiiy ? i?eioeei?a aecia/aiiy /anoee ? ii?yaeeo
?iciiae?eo i?eaooeo, noai?aiiy aaeaeaaoii? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei?
no?oeoo?e oa i?eioeei?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy a?oie c iaoith cae??ieaiiy
aca?iiaea?aeieo ca’yce?a a ?? ?aieao (noaiaoe/ia cia?aaeaiiy oaeiai
i?aeoiaeo iiaea aooe i?aaenoaaeaia a?aeiia?aeii aei ?en.1).
Cai?iiiiiaai? ??ci? aa??aioe ?ica’ycaiiy icia/aieo ieoaiue o
a?aeiia?aeiino? ?c iniiaieie niiniaaie caaacia/aiiy i?aai?caoe?eii?
?aeiino? a?oie (oieaeeia, aeiaia??i? a?aeiineie, ?o ii?aeiaiiy).

Noaia a?aeiinei aeaniino? e aea?? aieiaii? eiiiai?? a?oie iiaeii?
a?aoiaoaaoe ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo a?ciano, iniaeeaino? ii?iaoeaiiai
?aaoethaaiiy aeaacaiiy ?iii?oiaaiiai eai?oaeo ? i?eaooeo ia iueiai,
o?ainaeoe?e aeoea?a, a oaeiae aioeiiiiiieuei? iaiaaeaiiy. A oeueiio
ieai? i?iiiio?oueny ?icaeyiooe iiaeeeaino? noai?aiiy ye o?iainiaeo, oae
? oi?aae?inueeeo oieaeeia?a (oiaoi oieaeeia?a, eiio?ieue iaae o/anieeaie
yeeo cae?enith?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith ?ioeo, i?ae i?aaa aeaniino?,
iaoai?ci?a).

Aca?iiae?y ?c ciai?oi?i ioi/aiiyi (no/aniee noai oa ia?niaeoeae)

?en.1 Eiiieaeniee i?aeo?ae aei noai?aiiy oa ?icaeoeo aaeeei?
a?cian-no?oeoo?e

(iaeaaaeeea?o? aeaoa?i?iaioe)

Ca i?aenoieaie i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co iaa?oioiaaia eiioeaioe?y
“?aeaaeueii?” OIA – th?eaee/ii caoeuaii?, aeiiii?/ii aoaeoeaii?
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? no?oeoo?e no/anii? aeeaa?neo?eiaaii?
a?o/eciyii? OIA oieaeeiaiaiai oeio ia ae?oaei?e iniia? ii a?aeiioaiith
aei iaiaaeaeiaioo oa iniiaieo aeoe?iia??a oe?eueiaeo eiiiai?e o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c icia/aieie ia ?en. 2 aaciaeie aeieaie.

“?aeaaeuei?noue” oa?aeoa?o OIA aecia/a?oueny oei, ui:

ia i?aeoeoe? neeaae iaea?eueo aaeeeeo aeeaa?neo?eiaaieo a?cian-no?oeoo?
eeoa i?aaia aei ia?aaeaa/aiiai noaiith;

o neeaae? OIA oi?iaeueii aeae?ey?oueny aiae?oe/ia a?oia c ia?aaea/ath ?e
niaoeeo?/ieo iiaiiaaaeaiue o a?aeiioaii? a?oie o oe?eiio;

OIA iiae?ey?oueny ia icia/ai? no?oeoo?i? aeiee.

A oae?e OIA on? cia/ou? o/anieee a?oie iiaeii?:

iaoe aeiaaino?ieia? ni?euei? ?ioa?ane, aooe caoe?eaaeaieie ianaiia?aae o
e?ioeaaiio ?acoeueoao? ae?yeueiino? a?oie a oe?eiio;

aieiae?oe aaaiiith /anoeith eiiiai?? – o/anieoe? a?oie aai /anoeith o
aieiaii? eiiiai?? oieaeeiao;

a?aoe o/anoue o i?eeiyoo? no?aoaa?/ieo ?? ioie?a o a?oi? a oe?eiio, a
oaeiae ?c i?eioeeiaie oa iaoai?ciii ioe?iee naiai aeeaaeo a e?ioeaaee
?acoeueoao aeoeaiino? a?oie a oe?eiio aai eiie?aoiiai a?ciano.

?en. 2 No?oeoo?a oa caaaeueia noaia ooieoe?iioaaiiy “?aeaaeueii?” OIA
oieaeeiaiaiai oeio

Iica caeaaei?noth a?ae ii/aoeiaeo iiaeeeainoae a?oie a ia? iiaeii? aooe
aaoaeiaai? iaoai?cie aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo. Aeioe?euei?noue oa
/a?aia?noue noai?aiiy oeo aai ?ioeo eiiiai?e aecia/a?oueny o
a?aeiia?aeiino? ?c no?aoaa??th ?icaeoeo a?oie.

?ic?iaeai? i?eioeeie iiaoaeiae nenoaie o/ano? o noaoooieo eai?oaeao
eiiiai?e a?oie caniiaai? ia i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo i?eeiiao, ui
caaacia/othoue ii?aeiaiiy iaeneiaeueii? caoeuaiino? eeth/iaeo aeey a?oie
aeoea?a (iaeao?a aeoe?e) oa aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
(o?ainoa?oia oe?iiooai?aiiy ? o.?. caoiaee).

Ia?aeaeueii ?c oi?iaeueiith (ui aecia/a?oueny caeiiiaeaanoaii), a
ii/anoe ? iacaeaaeii a?ae ia?, iiaea oa iiaeiia ?nioaaoe iaoi?iaeueia
no?oeoo?a oi?aae?iiy, ui i???ioiaaia ia iaeio aai i?eeiyoio eiia?iaoe?th
aeae?eueeio a?aeiieo iiaeaeae, nei?aeoiaaieo ia a?o/eciyi? ?aae??.

Ia?icaeiai?noue ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei oa ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiai? aace
iaoiiaeth? iai?eaeaoi?noue aeey i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy ?ic?aooie?a
aoaeoo n?ia?a?cio i?e aeeth/aii? o??? /e ?ioi? eiiiai?? aei neeaaeo
a?oie ia i?aenoaa? iayaieo iaoiaeee. A ca’yceo ?c oeei i?iiiio?oueny
i???iooaaoeny ia ni?iuai? iaoiaee, a iniia? yeeo – aeiiii?y ia
iiaeaoeiaeo ieaoaaeao, ieaoi? ca e?aaeeoi? ?ano?ne, aeiaeaoeia? i?eaooee
a?ae o?iainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioo ?ano?naie ? o.?.

No?oeoo?a oi?aae?iiy (oi?iaeueii-th?eaee/ia oa oaeoe/ia) ie?aieie
a?cian-iai?yieaie a ?aieao a?oie oa a?oiith a oe?eiio iiaeiia
caaacia/oaaoe iaeneiaeueiee nooi?iue naiaiaee aeey ni?aaae?
eaae?o?eiaaieo eiiaiae iaiaaeaea??a o ii?aeiaii? ?c aoaeoeaiei
oi?aae?iiyi ? eiio?ieai c aieo aieiaii? eiiiai?? c iaoith iaenei?caoe??
aoaeoeaiino? ae?yeueiino? an??? a?oie. sse caaaeueiee i?eioeei, iiaeiia
caioi/oaaoeny ae?yeuei?noue eiiiai?e a?oie iica iath (a iniaeeaino? oea
aaaeeeai aeey o?iainiaeo ?inoeooo?a).

A i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy ? ?aae?caoe?? no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo a?oie oa aeai?o
eeth/iaeo noa? ?? aeoeaiino? aeioe?eueii caaaeaoe ia e?eoa???, iniiaai?
ia aeinyaiaiiyo na?oiai? aeiiii?/ii? iaoee o aea/aii? iaeaaaeeea?oeo
/eiiee?a eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino? eiiiai?e ie?aieo aaeocae aeiiii?ee
eiie?aoieo e?a?i. Aeaco?oueny ia aeioe?euei?noue noai?aiiy
aeeaa?neo?eiaaieo OIA, ui ii?aeiothoue eiiiai?? o a?aeiia?aeiino? ?c
iaaieie eeanoa?aie, oiaoi a?oiaie aeae?eueeio aca?iica’ycaieo aaeocae,
ui iathoue i?eaeecii iaei? e o? ae aeaea?aea eiieo?aioii? ia?aaaae.

AENIIAEE AeENA?OAOe??

Iniiai? aeniiaee, ?acoeueoaoe oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy
iieyaathoue o ianooiiiio:

1. No/aniee noai ?icaeoeo ae?iaie/eo nee Oe?a?ie aeeeeea? aino?o
iaiao?aei?noue iiooeo oeyo?a ae??oaiiy i?iaeai ni?eyiiy noai?aiith oa
?icaeoeo a?o/eciyieo OIA. Ia?ao?ae a?ae ieaiiai-?iciiae?eue/i? aeiiii?ee
aei ?eieiai? ca iayaiino? aeineoue iiooaeii? i?iieneiai? aace oaeoe/ii
ciooo? cae?enithaaoe noai?aiiy aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?,
i???iooth/enue ia c?acee iaea?eueo aeineiiaeeo iiaeaeae, ui i?aeoe/ii
?aeaioe/i? ca nai?i ci?noii eiioea?iai oa eiiaeiia?aoai.

2. O ?ao?iniaeoea? ?icaeoie aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? yaey? niaith
ia?iaiaioiee i?ioean anoaiiaeaiiy eiiiai?yie eiio?iey iaae ?ioeie ye
oeyoii ceeooy oa iiaeeiaiiy, oae ? ?ioeie caniaaie.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo aaaeeeaeie iniaeeainoyie no/anieo i?ioean?a
ceeooy oa iiaeeiaiiy eiiiai?e ? oa, ui: (1) aiie, caeaa?eueoiai, ia
?icaeyaeathoueny ye oae?, ui nooo?ai ci?iththoue oiiae eiieo?aioe??; (2)
iathoue i?noea oaeoe ocaiaeaeaiiy aeaea/? aeicaieo ia ceeooy oa
iiaeeiaiiy ?aaoethth/eie i?aaiaie ??cieo e?a?i; (3) aiie iinyoue
caeaa?eueoiai ae?oaei?e oa?aeoa?; (4) aeii?ioth/ith no?aoaa??th ?
aeiaaeueia ai?eciioaeueia ?ioaa?aoe?y, a ?aieao yei? iineeth?oueny
iai?yiie iia’ycaii? aeeaa?neo?eaoe??.

O ca’yceo ?c iineeaiiyi a?aee?eoino? aeiiii?ee aac aaeeeeo
iaoe?iiaeueieo a?cian-no?oeoo? iaeaaaeeea?o? aaeoc? oa i?aei?e?inoaa
Oe?a?ie ia ciiaeooue eiieo?oaaoe ?c iiooaeieie noia?ieeaie, ui i?ecaaaea
aei ao?aoe ye ciai?oi?o, oae ? aioo??oi?o ?eie?a.

3. Aeiaaaeaia iayai?noue eiiieaeno iaaaoeaieo oaeoi??a, ui ?iaeoue
iaiao?aeiei ia’?aeiaiiy coneeue ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieo ?iaanoi??a,
i?iieneiaeo oa ?ioeo eiiiai?e a ?aieao aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo?, cie?aia:
ii?aeueia e o?ce/ia canoa??e?noue onoaoeoaaiiy oa oaoiieia?e
i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa; iaiiaeeea?noue ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?inoa ye ca
?aooiie aeanieo ?ano?n?a, oae ? ca ?aooiie caiice/aiue ia aioo??oiueiio
oa ciai?oi?o a?ioiaeo ?eieao e ?eieao eai?oae?a; iaiiaeeea?noue
cae?eniaiiy oe?a?inueeeie aaieaie aaeeeeo ?iaanoeoe?e oa iaaeaiiy
aeiaaino?ieiaeo e?aaeeo?a ae?iaieeai ? o.?.

4. Aeiaaaeaii, ui i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy OIA a Oe?a?i? ia noai?th?
ia?aaeoiia aeey oe?ieiianooaaieo i?ioean?a ?o noai?aiiy oa aoaeoeaiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy, a neeo /iai iio?aao? ei?aaoaaiiy. Cie?aia, iaiao?aeii:
(1) iaaeaoe iiaeeea?noue noai?thaaoe OIA aac i?ea’ycee ?o aei
?aae?caoe?? aea?aei?ia?ai; (2) iii’yeoeoe iaiaaeaiiy ia ia?ao?ania
aieiae?iiy aeoe?yie, aioo??oiueia?oiia? ?ai?aai?caoe?? oa o?ainoa?o
aeoe?e, o/anoue o ia’?aeiaiiyo; (3) ciyoe caai?iio ia o/anoue aaie?a ?
eiiiai?e aiaeii/an o aeae?eueeio OIA; (4) iaaeaoe iiaeeea?noue
cai?iaaaeeoe a OIA eiinie?aeiaaiee iae?e, aeeth/ath/e i?eueaiaee
ii?yaeie iiiaeaoeoaaiiy iinoa/aiiy i?ii?aeieo i?iaeoeo?a, iiaeeea?noue
o?ainoa?oo i?eaooeo oa aii?oa?ae?aooaaiue o oeaio?ae?ciaaiee
aii?oecaoe?eiee oiiae, i?aai naiino?eii anoaiiaethaaoe oa?i?ie
aii?oecaoe??; (5) ?ic?iaeoe eiiieaen ?ioeo aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaieo
i?euea, icia/aieo o aeena?oaoe??.

A ?iaio? i?iiiiothoueny aaoi?nuee? ?aaeaeoe?? ?yaeo ii?iaoeaieo
aecia/aiue oa?i?i?a, eeth/iaeo aeey aeine?aeaeoaaii? oaie, cie?aia,
aecia/aiiy “eiio?ieth”, “eiiiai??, ui eiio?ieth?oueny”, “aei/??iuei?
eiiiai??”, “oieaeeiao”, “oieaeeiaiai? eiiiai??”, oei?a oieaeeia?a
(oi?aae?inueeiai, o?iainiaiai, ci?oaiiai); “OIA”, oei?a OIA (oi?iaeueii?
oa iaoi?iaeueii?; aeiaia??ii?, oieaeeiaiaiai oa ci?oaiiai oeio).

5. Aeacaii, ui iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieie i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueeeie
iiieeeaie a i?aeoeoe? a?o/eciyieo a?cian-no?oeoo? ?: a?aenooi?noue
no?aoaa?? c?inoo a?oie, ui aaaea aei ?icieeaiiy ?oi?o ?ano?n?a;
iaaeio?eiaiiy th?eaee/ii? /enoioe oaiae oa ioi?ieaiiy ?o ?acoeueoao?a
ca?aeii ?c aeiiaaie aooiae?eo; a?aenooi?noue oi?iaeueiiai cae??ieaiiy
canaae ? ii?yaeeo aeaeaaoaaiiy oi?aae?inueeeo iiaiiaaaeaiue;
a?aenooi?noue anaa?/ii? ioe?iee a?cian-ieai?a ?iaanoeoe?eieo i?iaeo?a ?
yeino? aeoea?a, ui iaaoaathoueny.

6. A aeena?oaoe?? iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue oa iaaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
a?aeiinii ocaiaeaeaiiai ?ica’ycaiiy eiiieaeno i?iaeai o ca’yceo ?c
th?eaee/iei ioi?ieaiiyi a?aeiinei aeaniino? ana?aaeei? aaeeei?
a?cian-no?oeoo?e, oi?ioaaiiyi caaaeueieo i?eioeei?a o?ainoa?oiiai
oe?iiooai?aiiy iii?ae ?? o/anieeaie, oi?ioethaaiiyi i?eioeei?a
aecia/aiiy /anoee oa ii?yaeeo ?iciiae?eo i?eaooeo, a oaeiae noai?aiiyi
aaeaeaaoii? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? no?oeoo?e ooieoe?iioaaiiy
a?oie c iaoith cae??ieaiiy aeiiii?/ii aca?iiaea?aeieo a?aeiinei a ??
?aieao.

A ca’yceo ?c oeei cai?iiiiiaai? ??ci? aa??aioe ae??oaiiy icia/aii?
i?iaeaie o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iniiaieie niiniaaie caaacia/aiiy
i?aai?caoe?eii? ?aeiino? a?oie.

7. Iieacaia, ui noai?aiiy noaie a?aeiinei aeaniino? a a?oi? oa aea??
aieiaii? eiiiai?? iiaeii? cae?enithaaoeny c o?aooaaiiyi iiaeaeueoeo
ia?niaeoea ?icaeoeo. E??i oiai, iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe iniaeeaino?
ii?iaoeaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy cae?eniaiiy ? iiiaeaoeoaaiiy aeaico
?iii?oiaaiiai eai?oaeo oa i?eaooeo ia iueiai; o?ainaeoe?e aeoea?a, a
oaeiae aioeiiiiiieuei? iaiaaeaiiy uiaei neeaaeo aeoe?iia??a. O oeueiio
ieai? aeaco?oueny ia iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy oi?aae?inueeeo oieaeeia?a.

8. A yeino? iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiiai oa o?eaeiai aaoi?ii iaa?oioiaaiee
aa??aio noai?aiiy OIA ii noai? oieaeeiao ia ae?oaei?e iniia? ii
a?aeiioaiith aei iaiaaeaeiaioo oa iniiaieo aeoe?iia??a oe?eueiaeo
eiiiai?e.

9. Cai?iiiiiaaia ? iaa?oioiaaia eiioeaioe?y iaea?eueo th?eaee/ii
caoeuaii?, aeiiii?/ii aoaeoeaii? i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? no?oeoo?e
no/anii? a?o/eciyii? aeeaa?neo?eiaaii? OIA oieaeeiaiaiai oeio.
Iaa?oioiaaiee ii?yaeie oi?ioaaiiy no?oeoo?e oaei? “?aeaaeueii?” OIA o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c ianooiieie aaciaeie aeieaie eiiiai?e: (1) aiae?oe/ia
a?oia; (2) o?iainiaee aeie; (3) ae?iaie/ee aeie; (4) aeiiii?aei?
i?ae?icae?ee ? eiiiai??.

10. Iieacaia, ui iica caeaaei?noth a?ae ao?aeieo iiaeeeainoae a?oie a
ia? iiaeii? aooe aaoaeiaai? iaoai?cie aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo, a
?acoeueoao? /iai ?? oii-iaiaaeaea?e c naiiai ii/aoeo aoaeooue
ci???ioiaai? ia no?aoaa?/iee i?aeo?ae aei oi?aae?iiy ? ?icaeoeo a?ciano.
Aeioe?euei?noue oa /a?aia?noue noai?aiiy oeo /e ?ioeo eiiiai?e
aecia/a?oueny o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo a?oie i?e (1)
iayaiino? ia’?eoeaieo aeiiii?/ieo, ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaeo ? o.?.
ia?aaeoiia; (2) iayaiino? aai iiaeeeaino? caeo/aiiy iaiao?aeiiai
ia?niiaeo; (3) iayaiino? ?ano?n?a aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy a?ciano ia aoai?
?icaeoeo; (4) iio?aae o iaaieo aeaeao ?ano?n?a.

11. Iiaoaeiaa nenoaie o/ano? o noaoooieo eai?oaeao ana?aaeei? a?oie c
o?aooaaiiyi a?o/eciyiiai oa ca?oa?aeiiai aeina?aeo iiaeiia
cae?enithaaoeny ca aeiiiiiaith niaoe?aeueieo i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo
i?eeii?a, ui caaacia/othoue ii?aeiaiiy iaeneiaeueii? caoeuaiino?
eeth/iaeo aeey a?oie aeoea?a (iaeao?a aeoe?e) oa aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy (o?ainoa?oia oe?iiooai?aiiy ? o.?.
caoiaee).

Oae, o neeaae oieaeeiao ia?oiai ??aiy a no?oeoo?? OIA iiaeii? aoiaeeoe
/enoi o?iainia? oieaeeiaia? eiiiai??; eiiiai?? oieaeeiao ae?oaiai ??aiy
iiaeooue aooe ye o?iainiaeie, oae ? ci?oaieie oieaeeiaaie. Cai?iiiiiaai?
i?eioeeie iai?io ?ioi?iaoe??th oa noaia iniiaieo oi?aae?inueeeo ca’yce?a
iii?ae aaciaeie no?oeoo?ieie aeieaie OIA iniiaai? ia ?acoeueoaoao
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeina?aeo ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeeeeo a?o/eciyieo
a?cian-no?oeoo?.

12. Iieacaia, ui no?oeoo?a oa eiiiaoaioe?y i?aai?a oi?aae?iiy o/aniee?a
a?oie iiaeii? aooe aecia/ai? c o?aooaaiiyi oaeeo oaeoi??a, ye:
iaeneiaeueia i?inoioa no?oeoo?e oi?aae?iiy oa ?aaeueieo iio?aa eiiiai??,
ii?iaoeaieo iaiaaeaiue ? neeaaeo aeoe?iia??a; caaacia/aiiy iiaeeeaino?
iia?aoeaii aiineoe ci?ie aei neeaaeo i?aai?a oi?aae?iiy; iaiao?aei?noue
aaoaeiaoaaiiy caoenieo iaoai?ci?a eiio?ieth; iie?oeea aieiaii? eiiiai??
a?aeiinii nooiaiy eiio?ieth iaae eiiiai?yie a?oie a oe?eiio oa o ?ic??c?
aecian?a ? eiiiai?e.

Iaa?oioiaaia, ui ia?aeaeueii ?c oi?iaeueiith (aecia/aiith
caeiiiaeaanoaii) no?oeoo?ith (a ii/anoe – ? iacaeaaeii a?ae ia?) iiaea ?
iiaeiia ?nioaaoe oaeoe/ia (iaoi?iaeueia) no?oeoo?a oi?aae?iiy, ui
i???ioo?oueny ia iaeio aai i?eeiyoio eiia?iaoe?th aeae?eueeio
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueeeo iiaeaeae, ?ic?iaeaieo na?oiaith oai???th
oa i?aeoeeith iaiaaeaeiaioa, nei?aeoiaaiith ia ?aae?? no/anii? i?aeoeee
oi?aae?iiy noa’?eoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy a Oe?a?i?.

13. Ia?icaeiai?noue ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei (cie?aia – oiiaeiaiai ?eieo) oa
ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiai? aace, ui ?o ?aaeaiaioo?, iaoiiaeth? iai?eaeaoi?noue
aeey i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy ?ic?aooie?a aoaeoo n?ia?a?cio i?e
aeeth/aii? o??? /e ?ioi? eiiiai?? aei neeaaeo a?oie ia i?aenoaa? iayaieo
cao?aeieo iaoiaeee. A ca’yceo ?c oeei i?iiiio?oueny i???iooaaoeny ia
ni?iuai?, a?eueo i/aaeaei? iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a, a iniia? yeeo – i?yia
aeiiii?y ia iiaeaoeiaeo ieaoaaeao, aeiiii?y ia ieao? ca e?aaeeoi?
?ano?ne a oiiaao ca?eueoaiiy iai?ioieo eioo?a aiane?aeie canoinoaaiiy
o?ainoa?oiiai oe?iiooai?aiiy, aeiaeaoeia? i?eaooee a?ae o?iainiaiai
iaiaaeaeiaioo ?ano?naie ? o.?.

14. Aeacaii, ui a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy ? ?aae?caoe?? no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo
a?oie oa aeai?o eeth/iaeo noa? ?? aeoeaiino? aeioe?eueii caaaeaoe ia
oaeoi?e, ui iaoiiaeththoue eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue eiiiai?e ie?aieo
aaeocae aeiiii?ee e?a?ie.

O ca’yceo ?c oeei i?iiiio?oueny noai?aiiy aeeaa?neo?eiaaieo OIA, ui
ii?aeiothoue eiiiai?? o a?aeiia?aeiino? ?c aecia/aieie o ?iaio?
eeanoa?aie – a?oiaie aeae?eueeio aca?iica’ycaieo aaeocae, ui iathoue
i?eaeecii iaei? e o? ae aeaea?aea eiieo?aioii? ia?aaaae.

INIIAI? IOAE?EAOe?? II OAI? AeINE?AeAEAIIss

1. ?aaeuee?i I.N., Eieoa?ia I.A. Aeaye? ioe?iee i?aeoeee ianeoaiaoaaiiy
aea?aeaaiiai ai?ao a Oe?a?i? // O?iaine Oe?a?ie. – 1997. – ?5. –
N.15-35. (1,3 ae.a.) O ?iaio? aaciina?aaeiuei aeena?oaioii aeeiiaiee
aiae?c ia?aiao??a ai?n?? IAAeI, i?iaiae?ciaai? oaeoi?e, ui iaoiiaethaaee
iie?oeeo oa ?acoeueoaoe ianeoaiaoaaiiy aea?aeai?ao a Oe?a?i?. – N.18-35
(1,0 ae.a.).

2. Eieoa?ia A., Ieeoeeia A. Iaainoaea?noaaiiua iaineiiiua oiiaeu:
iaeniieuecoaiua aiciiaeiinoe // A?niee nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue. Aei.I. / Iaean. aea?ae. aeii. oi-o; ?aaeeie.: aeaae.
A.I. Ai?iaeaoee, aeaae. I.N. ?aaeuee?i, ae.?.i., i?io. A.E. Ia???iei oa
?i. – Iaeana, 1997. – 299 n. N. 36-49 (0,8 ae.a.). Aaciina?aaeiuei
aeena?oaioii i?iaaaeai ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c caeiiiaeaa/i? aace Oe?a?ie
oa ?in?? uiaei IIO, aecia/ai? aacia? noaie ?iaioe IIO, iaaeathoueny
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy ae?yeueiino?
IIO, o o./. o neeaae? OIA. – N. 37-40, 42-49 (0,7 ae.a.).

3. ?aaeuee?i Ae.I., Eieoa?ia I.A. Iaoai?ci ianeoaiaoaaiiy aea?aeaaiiai
ai?ao a Oe?a?i? // A?niee Oaoiieia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo Iiae?eey. Na??y
aeiiii?/i? iaoee. – 1998. – ?5. – N.25-28 (0,2 ae.a.). Aaciina?aaeiuei
aeena?oaioii aeeiiaiee aiae?c i?aeoeee ianeoaiaoaaiiy aea?aeaaiiai ai?ao
a Oe?a?i? oa aaciaeo /eiiee?a oe?iiooai?aiiy ia ?eieo IAAeI. – N. 26-28
(0,1 ae.a.).

4. Eieoa?ia I.A. Ceeooy oa i?e?aeiaiiy ye can?a i?aeaeuaiiy
eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino? eiiiai?e // Oeyoe ?icaoaeiae ?eieiaiai
na?aaeiaeua a Oe?a?i? / Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. 20-22
aeiaoiy 1998 ?. Iaean. aea?ae. aeii. oi-o; ?aaeeie.: aeaae. A.I.
Ai?iaeaoee, aeaae. I.N. ?aaeuee?i oa ?i. – Iaeana: AOCO ??AIO, 1998. –
286 n. N. 185-189 (0,3 ae.a.). O noaoo? ?ice?eo? iniiai? iioeae oa
oaeoi?e no/anieo oaiaeaioe?e a ?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?ioeanao o na?oia?e
aeiiii?oe?.

5. Eieoa?ia A.A. ?ieue OIA a noaaeeecaoeee yeiiiieee // Ia?niaeoeae. –
1998. – ??3-4. – N.151-156 (0,3 ae.a.). A ?iaio? ?ice?eaa?oueny
iae?iaeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy ae?yeueiino? aaeeeeo a?cian-no?oeoo? (OIA oa
oieaeeia?a) ye noaa?e?caoi??a oa eieiiioea?a aeiiii?ee.

6. Eieoa?ia A.A. Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ioiineoaeueii nicaeaiey,
i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaeaiey e aeayoaeueiinoe e?oiiuo aecian-no?oeoo? //
Iaoa??aee V I?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. 8-9 ea?oiy
1999 ?. – Ee?a -O?oneaaaoeue: EIAO, IOOO “EI?”, AeAeIO, 1999. – 343 n.
N.117-119 (0,1 ae.a.). O oacenao aecia/ai? aeaye? eeth/ia? aniaeoe
noai?aiiy iiai? /e ?ai?aai?caoe?? aaea ?nioth/i?
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? no?oeoo?e a?ciano.

AIIOAOe?ss

Eieoa?ia I.A. I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? oi?ie ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeeeeo
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.02.03 – i?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy, ieaioaaiiy
oa ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith. – Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee aeiiii?/iee
oi?aa?neoao, Iaeana, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia aeine?aeaeaiith oai?aoe/ieo oa i?aeoe/ieo
aniaeo?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeeeeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ii oeio
o?iainiai-i?iieneiaeo a?oi oa oieaeeia?a o no/anieo oiiaao Oe?a?ie. A
?iaio? iaa?oioiaaia eiioeaioe?y eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei ?ica’ycaiiy
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueeeo oa aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo ieoaiue a i?ioean?
?o noai?aiiy oa ?icaeoeo, ui caeiaoea i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy oa
iieyaa? o ?aae?caoe?? iaeii/anieo oa ocaiaeaeaieo caoiae?a uiaei
caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? iaa?oioiaaiino?, th?eaee/ii? /enoioe oa
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inueei? aoaeoeaiino? ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aaeee? i?aei?e?iieoeuee? no?oeoo?e, o?iainiai-i?iieneia?
a?oie, oieaeeiaia? eiiiai??, oieaeeia, eiio?ieue,
i?aai?caoe?eii-oi?aae?inuee? oi?ie, ceeooy oa iiaeeiaiiy.

AIIIOAOeEss

Eieoa?ia A.A. I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea oi?iu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
e?oiiuo i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo?. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.02.03 – i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey, ieaie?iaaiey e
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee. – Iaeanneee ainoaea?noaaiiue yeiiiie/aneee
oieaa?neoao, Iaeanna, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia enneaaeiaaieth oai?aoe/aneeo e i?aeoe/aneeo
aniaeoia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e?oiiuo i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? oeia
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiuo a?oii e oieaeeiaia a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo
Oe?aeiu.

A ia?aii ?acaeaea aeenna?oaoeee aiaeece?othony i?ioeannu acaeiiaeaenoaey
e eioaa?aoeee i?iiuoeaiiuo, oeiainiauo e eiuo eiiiaiee a yeiiiie/anee
?acaeouo no?aiao a ?ao?iniaeoeaa e a ianoiyuaa a?aiy; iieacaia
iaecaaaeiinoue aiaeiae/iuo ii niaea?aeaieth eiinieeaeaoeeiiiuo
i?ioeannia a ioa/anoaaiiie yeiiiieea, oeacaiu eo iniiaiua
iiaoaeeoaeueiua iioeau e oaeoi?u. Iieacaii, /oi ?acaeoea e?oiiuo
aecian-no?oeoo? oei ia?aeeaeueii a o?ao ei??aniiiaee?othueo ieineinoyo:
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-th?eaee/aneia ioi?ieaiea e cae?aieaiea acaeiinaycae
aioo?e aeciana a noi?iio iiauoaiey aai oi?aaeyaiinoe; ?ac?aaioea e
aiaae?aiea no?aoaaee ?acaeoey; nicaeaiea e aiaae?aiea aaeaeaaoiuo
oi?aaeai/aneeo iiaeaeae.

Ai aoi?ii ?acaeaea inouanoaeai aiaeec e nenoaiaoecaoeey ninoaaa e
iniiaiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?i ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e?oiiuo aecian-no?oeoo?
a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo Oe?aeiu e ?innee; inouanoaeai e?eoe/aneee aiaeec
ii?iaoeaiie aacu, ?aaeaiaioe?othuae eo nicaeaiea e ooieoeeiie?iaaiea,
a?aoiaioe?othony i?aaeeiaeaiey ioiineoaeueii aa ei??aeoe?iaee, a o./. a
ioiioaiee ii?aaeaeaiey oa?ieiia, eeth/aauo aeey enneaaeoaiie oaiu;
auaeaeaiu iniiaiua i?eioeeiu e oa?aeoa?iua iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey e?oiiuo
ioa/anoaaiiuo aecian-no?oeoo?, i?iaiaeece?iaaiu iaeioi?ua ?acoeueoaou eo
aeayoaeueiinoe; ?ane?uoi iae?iyeiiiie/aneia cia/aiea eo
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Iieacaii, /oi iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuie
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiauie oi?iaie acaeiiaeaenoaey e eioaa?aoeee
oeiainiauo, i?iiuoeaiiuo e eiuo eiiiaiee a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo
yaeythony OIA e oieaeeiae; i?eaiaeeony eo eeanneoeeaoeey. Ia i?eia?ao
i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaii, /oi i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneea noaiu e?oiiuo
aecian-no?oeoo? i?aaenoaaeytho niaie i?aeiouanoaaiii eiiaeiaoeeth
aeiaiai?iiai e oieaeeiaiaiai niiniaia oi?ie?iaaiey eo ninoaaa n
i?aaaee?iaaieai i?eaioaoeee ia iineaaeiee.

A caeeth/eoaeueiii ?acaeaea ?aaiou i?iaiaeece?iaaiu e nenoaiaoece?iaaiu
iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiua ioeaee a ?acaeoee ioa/anoaaiiuo
aecian-no?oeoo?. Ia iniiaa inouanoaeaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee i?aeoeee eo
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaeeiaeaiu e iainiiaaiu iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee
ii nicaeaieth oeaeaniia?aciie i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie no?oeoo?u,
a oaeaea ii oi?ie?iaaieth ninoaaa o/anoieeia nia?aiaiiie ioa/anoaaiiie
aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiie OIA; noi?ioee?iaaiu iniiau iino?iaiey nenoaiu
o/anoee a onoaaiuo eaieoaeao eiiiaiee-o/anoieeia, a oaeaea i?eioeeiu
iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae e iniiaiuo oi?aaeai/aneeo naycae aioo?e a?oiiu a
nia?aiaiiuo yeiiiieei-i?aaiauo oneiaeyo aa ooieoeeiie?iaaiey.

Iieacaia iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaea a i?ioeanna
th?eaee/aneiai cae?aieaiey ioiioaiee nianoaaiiinoe aioo?e a?oiiu,
oi?ie?iaaiey i?eioeeiia o?ainoa?oiiai oeaiiia?aciaaiey e i?eioeeiia
ii?aaeaeaiey aeiee e ii?yaeea ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?eauee, nicaeaiey
aaeaeaaoiie i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie no?oeoo?u e i?eioeeiia
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a?oiiu n oeaeueth cae?aieaiey acaeiiauaiaeiuo naycae a
aa ?aieao. A nayce n yoei i?aaeeiaeaiu ?acee/iua aa?eaiou ?aoaiey
oeacaiiuo i?iaeai a niioaaonoaee n iniiaiuie niiniaaie iaania/aiey
i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai aaeeinoaa a?oiiu (oieaeeia, aeiaiai?iua ioiioaiey, eo
ni/aoaiea).

Ii eoiaai i?iaaaeaiiiai aiaeeca a ?aaioa i?aaeeaaaaony e iainiiauaaaony
eiioeaioeey “eaeaaeueiie” OIA – iaeaieaa th?eaee/anee caueuaiiie,
yeiiiie/anee yooaeoeaiie i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie no?oeoo?u
nia?aiaiiie aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiie OIA oieaeeiaiaiai oeia ia
ae?oaeanoaaiiie iniiaa ii ioiioaieth e iaiaaeaeiaioo e iniiaiui
aeoeeiia?ai oeaeaauo eiiiaiee, no?oeoo?a eioi?ie oi?ie?oaony a
niioaaonoaee n oeacaiiuie a aeenna?oaoeee /aou?ueiy aaciauie aeieaie
eiiiaiee: aiaeeoe/aneay a?oiia, oeiainiaue aeie, i?iecaiaenoaaiiue aeie,
aniiiiaaoaeueiua iiae?acaeaeaiey e eiiiaiee.

Auaiaeu e iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, iieo/aiiua a ?acoeueoaoa
enneaaeiaaiey, iaoee i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea a aeayoaeueiinoe iaeanneeo
eiiiaiee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: e?oiiua i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneea no?oeoo?u,
oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiua a?oiiu, oieaeeiaiaua eiiiaiee, oieaeeia,
eiio?ieue, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneea oi?iu, neeyiey e iiaeiuaiey.

ANNOTATION

A.V. Koksharov. The organisational and economic forms of functioning of
large business structures. – Manuscript.

Thesis for an economics candidate degree by speciality 08.02.03 –
organisation of administration, planning and regulation of economy. –
Odessa State Economic University, Odessa, 1999.

Thesis is devoted to research of theoretical and practical aspects of
functioning of large business structures such as financial and
industrial groups and holdings in contemporary conditions of the
Ukraine. In this research author substantiates the concept of the
complex approach to the solution of organisational and administrative,
economical and legal problems of groups above. This practically verified
concept is consisting in realization of simultaneous and coordinated
measures on ensuring an economic validity, legal reliability and
organisational and administrative efficiency of functioning of such
groups during their creation and subsequent business activity.

Key words: large business structures, financial and industrial groups,
holding company, holding, control, organisational and administrative
forms, mergers and acquisitions.

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