Iaoe?iiaeueia th?eaee/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie
?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai
E A E ? E I A A A I I A Ae ? E ? A A I I A E *
OAeE 342.51:354.1(477)(048)
I?AAI?CAOe?EII-I?AAIA? CANAAeE OI?IOAAIIss ?
OOIEOe?IIOAAIIss AeA?AEAAII? NEOAEAE A OE?A?I?
niaoe?aeuei?noue 12.00.07 – oai??y oi?aae?iiy;
aaei?i?no?aoeaia i?aai ? i?ioean; o?iainiaa i?aai
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy ? iaiaaeaeiaioo
Oe?a?inueei? Aeaaeai?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? th?eaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Ieaeiee I?ia
?iiai?aia, caa?aeoaa/ea eaoaae?e aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy ?
iaiaaeaeiaioo Oe?a?inueei? Aeaaeai?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e
I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: /eai-ei?aniiiaeaio Aeaaeai?? i?aaiaeo iaoe Oe?a?ie,
aeieoi? th?eaee/ieo iaoe Eoaei ?aaai Ai?eniae/, i?ia?aeiee
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee ?inoeoooo aea?aeaae ? i?aaa
?i. A.I.Ei?aoeueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie
eaiaeeaeao th?eaee/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Iao?eoei Ieaenaiae?
A?oae?eiae/, aeioeaio eaoaae?e oai??? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa
Iaoe?iiaeueii? th?eaee/ii? aeaaeai?? ?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y aioo??oi?o ni?aa Oe?a?ie
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 20 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?. i 10 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.086.01 a Iaoe?iiaeuei?e th?eaee/i?e
aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai (310024, i.Oa?e?a,
aoe.Iooe?inueea, 77).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueii?
th?eaee/ii? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai (310024,
i.Oa?e?a, aoe.Iooe?inueea, 77).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “17” na?iiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
TH.I.Aeoye
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueeiai noni?euenoaa ?
i?aaiai? aea?aeaae a Oe?a?i? ia?aaeaa/a? noai?aiiy no/anii? iiaeae?
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ye aaaeeeaiai nioe?aeueii-i?aaiaiai ?inoeoooo,
i?iaaaeaiiy ci?i o i?aaiaiio ?aaoethaaii? o/aniee?a neoaeaiaeo
a?aeiinei, ui neeaaeathoueny o noa?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy,
iiaea?i?caoe?th nenoaie aea?aeaaii? neoaeae o a?aeiia?aeiino? c?
na?oiaeie noaiaea?oaie.
Oa?aeoa? i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a noni?euenoa?, iio?aao?
oaeineiiaeaiiy ci?noo ae?yeueiino? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, ?e ia? iaeaaeaoe
iniaeeaa i?noea o nenoai? ?inoeooo?a no/anii? aea?aeaae. Aaeaea
aea?aeaaia neoaeaa c’?aeio? eiinoeoooe?eii cao?eniaai? iai??e oa oe?e?
aea?aeaae, ?? ooieoe?iiaeuei? ? i?aai?caoe?ei? no?oeoo?e, i?aaia?
onoaiiaee ? i?ioeaaeo?e oa ?io? aeaiaioe ? aca?iica’ycee c eaae?iaei
iioaioe?aeii aea?aeaae.
Oe?a?ia io?eiaea a?ae eieeoiueiai N?N? neeaaeio ? noia?a/eeao niaaeueio
a noa?? i?aai?caoe?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy, ? iniaeeai a ?iaio? c
ia?niiaeii. Oaei? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, yea ?nio? a ?icaeiaieo
aea?aeaaao, a Oe?a?i? i?aeoe/ii ia aoei. Aeineoue /anoi aea?aeaaio
neoaeao iiieeeiai i?iaeiaaeothoue ioioiaeithaaoe c eaae?iaith ?iaioith.
Aoiaeaeaiiy Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco oa ?ioeo i?aeia?iaeieo
i?aai?caoe?e aeooae?co? ?ic?iaeo eiioeaioe?e i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo
aniaeo?a oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?,
i?iaaaeaiiy iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue, aea/aiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy e?auiai
a?o/eciyiiai oa ca?oa?aeiiai aeina?aeo o i?aeoeeo oi?aae?iiy.
Oa?aeoa? i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a aea?aeaaiiio aia?ao? Oe?a?ie,
iio?aaothoue ia eeoa iiiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a aea?aeaaiiai i?aaiaiai
?aaoethaaiiy neoaeaiaeo a?aeiinei, aea ? oi?ioaaiiy ye?nii iiai?
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, yea a ooieoe?iioaaea ia i?eioeeiao caeiiiino?,
aeaniino?, i?ioan?iiae?cio ? eiiiaoaioiino? aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a,
??aiiai i?aaa a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie ia caiyooy aoaeue-yei? iinaaee o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c? nai?ie cae?aiinoyie ? i?ioan?eiith i?aeaioiaeith, ia
canaaeao nioe?aeueii? oa i?aaiai? caoeuaiino? aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a,
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? aea?aeaaiiai neoaeaiaoey ca iaiaeaaeia aeeiiaiiy
nai?o iinaaeiaeo iaia’yce?a.
Aaaeeea?noue oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny oaeiae
aino?ith iio?aaith cae?eniaiiy a Oe?a?i? aaei?i?no?aoeaii? ?aoi?ie, c
yeith iia’yco?oueny ?aoi?ioaaiiy Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae. I?e an?e
aaaeeeaino? i?iaeai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, ?o aiae?c a
iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? ? iaiiaiei, ai?ciaee/iei. Ana oea o noeoiiino?
aecia/eei aea?? oaie oa aeooaeuei?noue aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
?iaioa aeeiioaaeanue ia eaoaae?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy ? iaiaaeaeiaioo
Oe?a?inueei? Aeaaeai?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia?
Oe?a?ie, ui aoei iia’ycaia c aeeiiaiiyi iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ca
iai?yieii “Aeeiiaa/a aeaaea: i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia? ieoaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy” ca?aeii iaoeiaiai i?iaeoo Oe?a?inueei? Aeaaeai??
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie “Aea?aeaaia oi?aae?iiy
oa naiia?yaeoaaiiy” (1998).
Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeinue c i???ioaoe??th ia
?ic?iaeo oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiioeaioe?? aaei?i?no?aoeaii? ?aoi?ie a
Oe?a?i?. A iniiaieo iieiaeaiiyo oe??? eiioeaioe?? ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy
i?iiiceoe?? oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeena?oaioa, yeee ? /eaiii aea?aeaaii?
eii?n?? c i?iaaaeaiiy a Oe?a?i? aaei?i?no?aoeaii? ?aoi?ie.
Aeoiaey/e c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeena?oaioii aianai? eiie?aoi?
i?iiiceoe?? aei o?yaeiai? i?ia?aie no?aoaa?/iiai ?icaeoeo ”Oe?a?ia–2010”
oa caeiiiaeaa/eo, ii?iaoeaieo aeo?a ? ?ioeo aea?aeaaieo aeieoiaio?a.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? caaaeueii?
oai?aoe/ii? eiioeaioe?? i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo canaae oi?ioaaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?, aeyaeaii? nooiino?,
ci?noo oa iniaeeainoae i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy, oi?ioaaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeena?oaio iaa
ae??oeoe ianooii? caaaeaiiy:
· i?iaiae?coaaoe ?nioth/? a iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? iiaeyaee uiaei i?aaiai?
i?e?iaee ?inoeoooo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie;
· i?iaanoe eiiieaeniee i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaee aiae?c oi?ioaaiiy
? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i? ye nioe?aeueii-i?aaiaiai
?inoeoooo;
· aecia/eoe iiiyooy “aea?aeaaia neoaeaa a Oe?a?i?”, ?? i?eioeei?a oa
aeaoe ?o oa?aeoa?enoeeo;
· aeaoe ii??aiyeueii-i?aaiaee aiae?c i?aaiaeo aeo?a, ui
ia?aaeaa/eee a iioei?caoe?th nenoaie i?aai?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a
Oe?a?i?;
· aianoe eie?aoi? i?iiiceoe?? uiaei iai?yie?a oaeineiiaeaiiy
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?;
· aeine?aeeoe nenoaio i?aai?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?, ??
i?aenenoai oa aieiaieo eaiie, cai?iiiioaaoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii ??
iiaea?i?caoe??;
· ?ice?eoe ?ieue, i?noea oa ae?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii ?aae?caoe??
iniiaieo ooieoe?e oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a
Oe?a?i?.
Ine?eueee oaia aeena?oaoe?? aeineoue ia’?iia, aaoi? i?eae?eea oaaao
?icaeyaeo oeo aniaeo?a, ye? ia eiai aeoieo iathoue iaea?eueoa cia/aiiy
nueiaiaei? aeey iaoee ? i?aeoeee aaeineiiaeaiiy ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiai? aace
noa?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
Nooi?iue aeine?aeaeaiino? oaie. Aea/aiiy, aiae?c oa ioe?iea aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae a ieioeiio na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia? i?iaeaie
oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i? i?eiee ia
aoee i?aaeiaoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui aeaye? oai?aoe/i? aniaeoe i?aai?caoe?? ?inoeoooo
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ?icaeyaeaeenue a i?aoeyo a?o/eciyieo th?eno?a ?
aea?aeaaieo ae?y/?a i?e ?icaeyae? i?iaeaie i?aaiai? aea?aeaae –
N.N.Aeaen??aa, A.I.A?eaianueeiai, A.O.?ao?o??aa, I.I.Eiaaeaanueeiai oa
?i.
Aa?oi cacia/eoe, ui aeiaaee /an o a?o/eciyi?e iaooe? i?iaeaie, ui
iia’ycai? c aea?aeaaiith neoaeaith, ia aeine?aeaeoaaeenue, a ca’yceo c
e?eoe/iei a?aeiioaiiyi aei eiioeaioe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae. Ii/eiath/e c
e?ioey 50-o ?ie?a, ?inoeooo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ii/eia? i?eaaaethaaoe
a/aieo. C’yaeythoueny ?iaioe A.A.Ai?iaeiaa, A.I.Iaiio?ia,
N.N.Nooaeai?e?ia, ?.I.Iaoiiiaa, A.?.Iao?iaa oa ?ioeo a/aieo.
C e?ioey 80-o oa ia ii/aoeo 90-o ?ie?a o?aaiaioa?ii a aaaaoueio
iaoeiaeo ?iaioao a/aieo A.I.Aeao?ia,A.A.Aoaiai/oea, Ae.I.Aao?aoa,
?.E.Aa/eei, TH.I.Eiceiaa, A.I.Eaca??aa, A.A.Iaeueoeaaa,
TH.I.?icaiaaoia, TH.I.Noa??eiaa ?icaeyaeaeenue aeaye? aniaeoe
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
A Oe?a?i? oeei i?iaeaiai i?eae?eyee oaaao A.A.Aaa?’yiia, I.I.Aaiaeo?ea,
TH.I.Aeoye, N.Ae.Aeoaaiei, N.A.E?aaeia, I.Ae.E?oi/ai,
I.?.Ieaeiee,I.A.Iao?eoei, A.A.Oea?oeia, A.I.Oaiiaae oa ?i.
A?oioiaia oai?aoe/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae eeoa ii/aeinue. Nueiaiaei? aino?i a?ae/oaa?oueny
iio?aaa a oaeeo eiiieaenieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo. Iaiaaath/enue oeth
i?iaaeeio caiiaieoe, aeena?oaio ia i?aenoaa? eiiieaeniiai aea/aiiy
eiioeaioe?e i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy ?inoeoooo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a ?ioeo
aea?aeaaao oa i?aeoeee a Oe?a?i? i?iiiio? eiie?aoi? oeyoe ae??oaiiy
i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
Ia’?eoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia?
ieoaiiy, ye? aeieeathoue a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
I?aaeiaoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iiiyooy, nenoaia,
i?eioeeie, ?aae?caoe?y iniiaieo ooieoe?e oa ?o i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy a
noa?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
Oai?aoe/iith oa iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? nenoaia
caaaeueii-iaoeiaeo oa niaoe?aeueieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, oaeeo ye
ae?aeaeoe/ii-iaoa??ae?noe/iee iaoiae i?ciaiiy nioe?aeueieo i?ioean?a ?
yaeu, no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueiee aiae?c, a oaeiae ?io? iaoeia? iaoiaee,
cie?aia, ii??aiyeueiee, ?noi?e/iee, nenoaiaoe/iee aiae?c oa neioac,
noaoenoe/iee, eiiieaeniee, oi?iaeueii-eia?/iee, nioe?ieia?/iee, iaoiae
niinoa?aaeaiiy oa ?io? iaoiaee iaoeiaiai i?ciaiiy.
Ii?iaoeaio oa i?aeoe/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue Eiinoeoooe?y
Oe?a?ie, /eiia caeiiiaeaanoai Oe?a?ie, oeace oa ?icii?yaeaeaiiy
I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie, iinoaiiae oa ??oaiiy Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie,
??oaiiy eieaa?? oa iaeace Aieiaaea?aeneoaeae Oe?a?ie, i?i?noa?noa ?
a?aeiinoa, ?io? ii?iaoeai? aeoe, ui noinothoueny oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui aia?oa o
a?o/eciyi?e iaooe? cae?eniaii ni?iao ia ocaaaeueiaiiio ??ai? ?icaeyiooe
oai?aoe/i? i?iaeaie, ui noi?iaiaeaeothoue i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia? canaaee
oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noi?ioeueiaaii ?yae iieiaeaiue,
ocaaaeueiaiue, aeniiae?a ? i?iiiceoe?e, c /enea yeeo aeiinyoueny ia
caoeno:
· aia?oa cae?eniaii ?noi?eei-i?aaiaee aiae?c noaiiaeaiiy,
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?, ye aaaeeeai?
nenoaie aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a;
· aecia/aiiy ? oa?aeoa?enoeea aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ye aaaeeeaiai
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaiai, nioe?aeueiiai ? nenoaiiiai ?inoeoooo. Aiia ?
aaaeeeaith neeaaeiaith aea?aeaae ? ii i??? ?icaeoeo iie?oe/ieo,
aeiiii?/ieo, nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?ieo oa ?ioeo a?aeiinei o
noni?euenoa? aeieea? iio?aaa o iiaea?i?caoe?? oeueiai ?inoeoooo;
· iiaeeaeaii oai?aoe/ia iiiyooy “aea?aeaaia neoaeaa”, i?ae yeei
ia?aaeaa/a?oueny ?icoi?oe “aea?aeaaio neoaeao ye neeaaeio
aaaaoieiiiiiaioio, aeeiai?/io, aaaaoii??io, ooieoe?iiaeueio, eiiieaenio
nenoaio c ??cii??aiaaeie ai?eciioaeueieie ? aa?oeeaeueieie ca’yceaie,
ciai?oi?ie aieeaaie oa aioo??oi?ie i?ioeanaie”;
· i?iiiceoe?y noiniaii oi?ioaaiiy no/anii? iiaeae? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a
Oe?a?i?;
· aecia/ai? caaaeuei? (iniiai?) i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?;
· aeniiaie i?i aeioe?euei?noue aeiiiaiaiiy aei Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie
?icae?eo “I?i aea?aeaaio neoaeao a Oe?a?i?”, aiinyoueny i?iiiceoe??
uiaei ?ic?iaee iiaeo caeii?a, ?aaoethth/eo noa?o aea?aeaaii? neoaeae;
· ooi/iaii iiiyooy i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, i?ae yeei
?icoi??oueny ae?yeuei?noue i?aai?a aea?aeaae ii anoaiiaeaiith
th?eaee/ieo ii?i aeey o/aniee?a noni?eueieo a?aeiinei, aeeiiaiiy yeeo
caaacia/o?oueny nenoaiith aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?;
· aecia/aii no?oeoo?o i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a
Oe?a?i?;
· cai?iiiiiaaii eeaneo?eaoe?th ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae;
· aecia/aii iaoai?cie ieaioaaiiy eaae??a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae;
· aianaii i?iiiceoe?? uiaei ?aae?caoe?? oaei? aaaeeeai? ooieoe??
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, ye ai?ioueaa c ei?oioe??th;
· iaa?oioiaaii oeyoe ae??oaiiy i?iaeai, iia’ycaieo ?c caeiiiaeaa/ei
caaacia/aiiyi ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e a nenoai?
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie;
· ia i?aenoaa? oai?aoe/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo aeniiae?a aaoi? aiineoue ?yae
i?iiiceoe?e uiaei oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy eiio?ieueii?
ooieoe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
Oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iaoiiaeaia
oei, ui aiii, ii-ia?oa, cae?enithaaoeia ?acii c ?ioeie iaoeiaeie
?ic?iaeaie oeueiai ni?yioaaiiy, iiceoeaiee aieea ia oi?ioaaiiy aeoiee
uiaei iaiao?aeiino? iiaea?i?caoe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?ie, c
o?aooaaiiyi no/anieo na?oiaeo noaiaea?o?a, a ii-ae?oaa, aeniiaee ?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? iiaeooue aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ye o i?aeoe/i?e ae?yeueiino?
aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a, oae ? a iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?, i???ioiaaieo ia
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe oa ae?eiaiai eaae?iaiai caaacia/aiiy.
E??i oiai, i?aeoe/ia ? oai?aoe/ia cia/ei?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa?:
1) o iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeuee?e aaeoc? – iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? aeey iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeieoeueeeo ?ic?iaie o
oaeeo noni?eueieo aaeocyo, ye: eiinoeoooe?eia i?aai, aaei?i?no?aoeaia
i?aai, oai??y aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy ? o?iainiaa i?aai;
2) o noa?? i?aaioai?/ino? – aeniiaee oa i?iiiceoe??, ui i?noyoueny o
aeena?oaoe??, iiaeooue neoaeeoe iaoiaeieia?/iith ? oai?aoe/iith iniiaith
?ic?iaee caeiiiaeaa/eo aeo?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia ae??oaiiy oa aaeineiiaeaiiy
aeooaeueieo i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo ieoaiue oi?ioaaiiy oa
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?;
3) o noa?? ?aae?caoe?? i?aaa – aeniiaee oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, aenoioo?
aeena?oaioii, aeiiiiiaeooue cai?iaaaeaeaiith aeineiiaeeo
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaieo oi?aae?inueeeo noaiaea?o?a.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniiai? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy oa ?ic?iaee
a iaaeao aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, cie?aia o?, ye?
oa?aeoa?ecothoue eiai iaoeiao iiaecio ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a,
iaea?aeai? aeena?oaioii iniaenoi.
O aeena?oaoe?? ?aea? oa ?ic?iaee, ui iaeaaeaoue ni?aaaoi?ai
I.?.Ieaeiee, I.TH.Iaieainueeiio, ?acii ?c yeeie aoee iaienai? iaoeia?
i?aoe?, ia aeei?enoiaoaaeenue.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Eiie?aoi? i?iiiceoe??,
?aeiiaiaeaoe??, aeniiaee, ui i?noeoue aeena?oaoe?y, ciaeoee canoinoaaiiy
a O?yaeia?e i?ia?ai? no?aoaa?/iiai ?icaeoeo “Oe?a?ia – 2010”.
O 1994 – 1999 ?ieao aaoi? a?aa o/anoue o i?aeaioiaoe? caeii?a Oe?a?ie,
cie?aia: Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i iieaoo i?aoe?” a?ae 24 aa?aciy 1995 ?ieo
?108/95 A?, Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i ai?ioueao c ei?oioe??th” a?ae 5 aeiaoiy
1995 ?ieo ?356/95 A?, Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i aianaiiy ci?i ? aeiiiaiaiue
aei aeayeeo caeiiiaeaa/eo aeo?a Oe?a?ie o ca’yceo c i?eeiyooyi Caeiio
Oe?a?ie “I?i ai?ioueao c ei?oioe??th” a?ae 5 aeiaoiy 1995 ?ieo ?356/95
A?, Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i aea?aeaaiee athaeaeao Oe?a?ie ia 1996 ??e” a?ae
22 aa?aciy 1996 ?ieo ?96/96 A?. Ca aaciina?aaeiueith o/anoth aaoi?a
aiooaaeeny: I?ia?aia eaae?iaiai caaacia/aiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae,
I?ia?aia ?iaioe c ea??aieeaie aea?aeaaieo i?aei?e?inoa, onoaiia ?
i?aai?caoe?e (caoaa?aeaeaiee Oeacii I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie a?ae 10
eenoiiaaea 1995 ?ieo ?1035/95 ?icae?e “Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa” Eiioeaioe??
aaei?i?no?aoeaii? ?aoi?ie a Oe?a?i?), ?icae?e 8 “Aaei?i?no?aoeaia
?aoi?ia” I?ia?aie ae?yeueiino? Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a, I?ia?aia ?ic?iaeaiiy
? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeeii? aea?aeaaii? eiii‘thoa?ii? nenoaie “Eaae?e”
(iinoaiiaa Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie a?ae 21 na?iiy 1999 ?ieo ?918).
O?eueee i?ioyaii iioi/iiai ?ieo i?ae ea??aieoeoaii aaoi?a ii?aoeueiaaii
44 ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaeo aeieoiaioa, ?ic?iaeaieo aaei?i?no?aoeaieie
i?aaiaie aeeiiaa/i? aeaaee oa ia?iaeieie aeaiooaoaie ? iaae?neaieie aei
Aieiaaea?aeneoaeae aeey iiaiaeaeaiiy , 11 ii?iaoeaieo aeo?a, ?ic?iaeaieo
aaciina?aaeiuei ca o/anoth aaoi?a – na?aae ieo i?iaeoe caeii?a: Eiaeaen
iniiaieo i?aaee iiaaae?iee aea?aeaaiiai neoaeaiaoey, I?ia?aia
aea?aeaaii? i?aeo?eiee ? ?icaeoeo i?noeaaiai naiia?yaeoaaiiy, I?i
aianaiiy ci?i ? aeiiiaiaiue aei Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i aea?aeaaio
i?aeo?eieo cania?a ianiai? ?ioi?iaoe?? oa nioe?aeueiee noaoon
aeo?iae?no?a”, I?i neoaeao a i?aaiao i?noeaaiai naiia?yaeoaaiiy.
E??i oiai, aaoi? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aa o/anoue o
i?aeaioiaoe? 8 oeac?a I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie ? iiiaae 70 ae?th/eo iinoaiia
? ?icii?yaeaeaiue Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a, 64 ??oaiue ?aaee ii ?iaio? c
eaae?aie i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie.
?yae ieoaiue, ye? noaee i?aaeiaoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy,
aaoi? ye Ia/aeueiee Aieiaiiai oi?aae?iiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae i?e
Eaa?iao? I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie ?aae?coaaa a i?ioean? nai?? ?iaioe.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, ui aeeth/ai? aei aeena?oaoe??,
ii?eethaeithaaeenue ?? aaoi?ii ia i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie
oai??? ? i?aeoeee aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy ? i?noeaaiai naiia?yaeoaaiiy”
(Ee?a, 1996 ?.), ia i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “No?oeoo?ia oi?aae?iiy a
i?ioean? o?ainoi?iaoecaoe??” (Aa?e?i, IAN O?I A?ciaa 28-31.01.1996 ?.),
ia ?a?iiaenueeiio oi?oi? “Iaa/aiiy a aea?aeaai?e neoaea?: neeaaeiino? oa
ia?niaeoeae” (Ia?eae, O?aioe?y, NISPA 22-26.10.1997 ?.), ia
i?aeia?iaeiiio neiiic?oi? “Aaei?i?no?aoeaia ?aoi?ia a Oe?a?ie” (Ee?a,
OAAeO i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie 26- 28.11.1997 ?.), ia ?aa?iiaeuei?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa a ia??iae ia?aoai?aiue: i?aeaeuaiiy ??
?ie?, ??aiy i?ioan?iiae?cio, aoe/ieo noaiaea?o?a” (Naeii?ee, A?aoe?y,
III 17-20.11.1997 ?.), ia i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“?aoi?ioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?: noai, i?iaeaie oa
ia?niaeoeae” (Ee?a, OAAeO i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie, 28.05.1998 ?.), ia
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei? ieoaiiy ao?eaiiy a aeeooy
iieiaeaiue Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie” (Ee?a, OAAeO i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie,
?inoeooo aea?aeaae ? i?aaa IAI Oe?a?ie, ?inoeooo caeiiiaeaanoaa
Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie, 28.09.1998 ?.), a oaeiae ia i?aeia?iaei?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Ai?ioueaa c ei?oioe??th na?aae o?yaeiaoe?a, noaeae?a oa
i?aoe?aiee?a i?aaiioi?iiieo i?aai?a” (Aaoeiaoii, NOA, 21-27.02.1999 ?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeeeaaeai? a iiiia?ao?? (o ni?aaaoi?noa?), iaa/aeueiiio iin?aieeo (o
ni?aaaoi?noa?) oa o 7 iaoeiaeo noaooyo o i?ia?aeieo oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, aeaio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e oa ii?iaoeaieo
aeo?a (141 iaeiaioaaiiy). Caaaeueiee ianya i?aoe? noaiiaeoue 161
noi??ieo.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaaiai?th?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe?? oa nooi?iue
?? iaoeiai? ?ic?iaeaiino?, iaoa ? caaaeaiiy ?iaioe, aecia/athoueny
iaoiaeieia?/ia iniiaa oa iaoeiciaa/a aaca, a oaeiae iniiai? iieiaeaiiy,
ye? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, i?aee?aneth?oueny iaoeiaa iiaecia ? i?aeoe/ia
cia/ei?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ia?oee ?icae?e “Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i? a oiiaao aeaiie?aoe/ieo ?aoi?i”
i?enay/aiee aecia/aiith aeo?aeieo oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue uiaei
?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo, i?e?iaee, ci?noo iiiyooy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ye
nioe?aeueii-i?aaiaiai ?inoeoooo ? eiai iniiaieo i?eioeei?a, nenoaie
i?aai?a oa ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, a oaeiae iai?yie?a
aaeineiiaeaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa a Oe?a?i? aecia/aia ye aaaeeeaee
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaee, nioe?aeueiee ? nenoaiiee ?inoeooo. Aiia ?
aaaeeeaith neeaaeiaith aea?aeaae ? ii i??? ?icaeoeo iie?oe/ieo,
aeiiii?/ieo, nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?ieo oa ?ioeo a?aeiinei o noni?euenoa?
aeieea? iio?aaa o iiaea?i?caoe?? oeueiai ?inoeoooo. Oea aecia/aiiy, ia
aeoieo aaoi?a, iiaea aooe aeei?enoaii ia eeoa aeey ?aeeiiai ia?aciiai
?icoi?iiy aeaieo eaoaai??e a e?oa?aoo?? ? caeiiiaeaanoa?, aea ?
aeicaieeoue aeyaeoe oa?aeoa? ?aaoeth?ieo i?aaii noni?eueieo a?aeiinei,
ui aeieeathoue i?e oi?ioaaii? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae,
ni?ey? a?eueo /?oeiio aecia/aiith ia‘?eoo aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai iaae.
Aiae?coth/e caeiiiaeaanoai Oe?a?ie, ?in??, Iieueu?, O?aioe??, O?I,
?oae??, Aaeeeia?eoai??, NOA, Eaiaaee, aaoi? aei caaaeueieo
eiinoeoooe?eieo i?eioeei?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a?aeiineoue: i?eioeeie
aa?oiaainoaa Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie ? caeii?a iaae ?ioeie ii?iaoeaieie
aeoaie, iinaaeiaeie ?ino?oeoe?yie i?e aeeiiaii? neoaeaiaoeyie iinaaeiaeo
iaia‘yce?a oa caaacia/aiiy ?o i?aa; i?eioeei i??i?eoaoo i?aa ? naiaiae
ethaeeie ? a?iiaaeyieia, ?o aaciina?aaeiuei? ae??, ui ciaia’yco?
aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a aeciaaaoe, aeio?eioaaoenue ? caoeuaoe i?aaa ?
naiaiaee ethaeeie ? a?iiaaeyieia.
Aei caaaeueieo eiinoeoooe?eieo i?eioeei?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae aaoi?
oaeiae a?aeiineoue oae? i?eioeeie, ye: i?eioeei ??aiiai aeinooio
a?iiaaeyi aei aea?aeaaii? neoaeae; i?eioeei i?ioan?iiae?cio ?
eiiiaoaioiino?; i?eioeei aeaniino? (“i?ici?ino?”); i?eioeei
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a ca o? ??oaiiy, ye? aiie
aioothoue ? i?eeiathoue, aeeiiaiiy nai?o iinaaeiaeo iaia’yce?a,
cae??ieaieo o caeiiiaeaanoa?, oiui.
Iniaeeao cia/ei?noue a ieai? eiino?oeoeaiino? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
iaaoaa? ae?aeaeoe/ia ?aei?noue i?eioeei?a ooieoe?iiaeueiino? ?
i?aeooieoe?iiaeueii? eii?aeeiaoe??. Caaacia/eoe oea ii?aeiaiiy iiaeia
/a?ac ??ci? ni?euei? can?aeaiiy, ia?aaee, aca?ii? aenia?oece ? o.ae.
O i?aaia?e aeaiie?aoe/i?e aea?aeaa? aea?aeaaia neoaeaa ia? neeanoenue
ye nenoaiiee i?aaiaee ?inoeooo caeii?a oa ii?iaoeaieo aeo?a. Oae,
Eiinoeoooe?y Oe?a?ie o iaeaooiueiio a i?yi?e oi?i? ia? cae??ieoe
i?eioeeie aea?aeaaii? neoaeae. I?e oeueiio aeoeaio iio??aii c?iaeoe ia
oaeeo i?eioeeiao, ye: caeiii?noue, ianoi?ni?noue iinaae, iaia’yceia?noue
??oaiue aeuanoiyueo a ii?yaeeo i?aeeaaeino? aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a oa
aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a, i?eeiyoeo o iaaeao ?oiuei? eiiiaoaioe??, aeey
ieae/anoiyueo aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a oa neoaeaiaeo in?a;
i?aeeiio?ieuei?noue oa i?aeca?oi?noue aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a ? ae?yeueiino?
neoaeaiaeo in?a; iicaia?o?ei?noue aea?aeaaii? neoaeae; iaaiee aeinooi
aei aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a?aeiia?aeii aei cae?aiinoae, i?ioan?eii?
i?aeaioiaee oa eiiiaoaioiino? ethaeeie; a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue aea?aeaaieo
neoaeaiaoe?a ca iaaeeiiaiiy aai iaiaeaaeia aeeiiaiiy neoaeaiaeo
iaia’yce?a; nioe?aeueia oa aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaa caoeuai?noue aea?aeaaieo
neoaeaiaoe?a; noaa?euei?noue aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
Aaaeeeaee oaeoi? aeey ?icaeoeo Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae iaoeia i?aaiaa
?aaoethaaiiy a?aeiinei aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a oe?eiio oa ie?ai?
a?aeiineie, ui oae /e ?iaeoa iia’ycai? c aea?aeaaiith neoaeaith.
“Caeiiii??ieie”, i?aaenoaaey?oueny, iathoue noaoe ?icae?e o Eiinoeoooe??
Oe?a?ie “Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa Oe?a?ie” oa i?eeiyooy “Eiaeaeno aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae Oe?a?ie”.
Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa Oe?a?ie – i?ioan?eia ae?yeuei?noue in?a, ye?
ia?eiathoue iinaaee a aea?aeaaieo i?aaiao oa ?o aia?ao? uiaei
i?aeoe/iiai aeeiiaiiy caaaeaiue ? ooieoe?e aea?aeaae ? iaea?aeothoue
ca?ia?oio ieaoo ca ?aooiie aea?aeaaieo eioo?a. Ine?eueee aea?aeaaia
neoaeaa Oe?a?ie i?aaenoaaey? niaith oi?aae?inueeo (aia?aoio)
ae?yeuei?noue ii caaacia/aiith aeeiiaiiy iiaiiaaaeaiue aea?aeaaieo
i?aai?a, c i?aai?caoe?eiiai aieo aiia aenooia? ye
aea?aeaaii-oi?aae?inueea nenoaia, ui ia’?aeio? aia?aoe o?ueio a?eie
aea?aeaaii? aeaaee.
Aca?iiae?y a nenoai? aecia/a?oueny iio?aaaie naii?aaoeyoe??,
caa?aaeaiiy ? naii?icaeoeo oi?aae?inueeeo nenoai aoaeue-yeiai ??aiy
neeaaeiino? oa i?iyaey?oueny a i?ioeanao oi?aae?iiy, a ci?i? nenoai.
Nenoaie ciaoiaeyoueny o aca?iiae?? c ciai?oi?i na?aaeiaeuai. ?c
ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua nenoaie aa?ooue ?ano?ne. Ci?ie a nenoaiao oa ?o
oi?aae?iiy iaiiaeeea? aac ciaiiy i?i ia’?eo, oe?eue ? i?ioeane
oi?aae?iiy, a oaeiae ?aaoethth/ee aieea ia ia’?eo.
Aei neeaaeo nenoaie aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie aoiaeyoue aea?aeaai?
neoaeae Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie, Aaei?i?no?aoe?? I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie,
Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie, Eiinoeoooe?eiiai, Aa?oiaiiai, Aeuiai
A?a?o?aaeiiai noae?a, I?ieo?aoo?e Oe?a?ie ? o.ae. O noeoiiino? oe?
aea?aeaai? neoaeae ooai?ththoue aea?aeaaio oi?aae?inueeo aeaaeo, ui
neeaaea? ?acii c iie?oe/iith aeaaeith – aea?aeaaio aeaaeo Oe?a?ie.
Aiae?c ae?yeueiino? i?i?noa?noa ? a?aeiinoa, i?iaaaeaiee a ?iaio?,
na?ae/eoue, ui ooo neeaeenue ia caaaeaee ?aoe?iiaeuei? oa noaa?euei?
aea?aeaai? neoaeae. O oe?e i?aenenoai? an? i?ae?icae?ee oi?aae?inueeeo
aia?ao?a i?yii i?aeii?yaeeiaai? o?eueee i?i?no?ai, ea??aieeai ?ioeo
a?aeiinoa, ye? /anoi i?iythoueny. ?c ci?iith ia?oeo ea??aiee?a, /anoi
i?iythoueny ?o canooiieee. Inoaii? ci?iththoue, a naith /a?ao,
ea??aiee?a i?ae?icae?e?a, ye? aiie eo?othoue. Iiae?aia ia caaaeaee
iiceoeaii aieeaa? ia i?ioan?iiae?ci aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a oa
aoaeoeaio ae?yeuei?noue i?i?noa?noa ? a?aeiinoa. I?e aeinyaiaii? o
iaeaooiueiio no?oeooeiaaiino? ia?eaiaioo aeioe?eueii aoaea c?iaeoe
i?i?no??a iie?oe/ieie ae?y/aie, a ia ?o eiie?aoieo canooiiee?a iieeanoe
ea?oaaiiy aia?aoii.
Ia aeoieo aaoi?a, ?a?no? iinaae aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a ia? aooe
oaeineiiaeaiee. On? iinaaee ea??aiee?a aaeocaaeo i?aai?a aeeiiaa/i?
aeaaee iathoue aooe aeeo/ai? oa aeeth/ai? aei Caaaeaiiai ia?ae?eo
aea?aeaaieo iinaae.
Aiae?c iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e iieaco?, ui oai??y aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy
oa i?aeoeea ia iathoue oe?e?niiai oyaeaiiy i?i iaea?eueo aeioe?eueio
nenoaio aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie. Iaiao?aeii ooi/ieoe i?aai?caoe?eio
oa no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueio noaie ??cieo ??ai?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
Oe?a?ie oa ?ic?iaeoe caeiiiaeaa/o aaco aca?iiae?? o oe?e noa??
aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a.
Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa a Oe?a?i?, ui ? oi?oa?iith aea?aeaaith, ia? aooe
?aeeiith, ???a?o?/ii iiaoaeiaaiith nenoaiith. Iniaeea?noue nenoaie
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie a oiio, ui aiia ia? ia noai?aeeiaoe?eiee, a
eii?aeeiaoe?eiee oa?aeoa?. Aea?aeaai? neoaeae o?ueio a?eie aeaaee
aca?iiae?thoue – ocaiaeaeoth/e ni?euei? ae??. Aea ii?iaoeaiiai aeoo, a
yeiio a aoee /?oei aecia/ai? oeyoe ? oi?ie ae?iaeaiiy ocaiaeaeaieo ii?i,
ui ?aaoethaaee a ni?eueio ae?yeuei?noue, iaia?.
Aaaeeeaith oi?iith eii?aeeiaoe?? a nenoai? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?i?
iathoue noaoe ni?euei? eii?aeeiaoe?ei? i?aaie (?aaee, iaoeia?
neiiic?oie, ia?aaee oa ?i.) c ?aeiiaiaeaoe?eieie ooieoe?yie.
Oaeei /eiii, ooieoe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae caaaeii iiaeia iiae?eeoe ia
aieiai?, eiiaiaei? oa aeiiii?aei?, a o?, a naith /a?ao, iiae?eythoueny
ia ?yae a?eueo aocueeeo, ye? o?nii aca?iiiia’ycai? i?ae niaith, ? /anoi
iiae?e iineoue /enoi oiiaiee oa?aeoa?. Oaea eeaneo?eaoe?y ooieoe?e
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ia ? ?aeeiith, aea a oe?e ?iaio? cina?aaeaeaia oaaaa
naia ia oae?e eeaneo?eaoe??, ine?eueee aiia iaea?eueo iiaii oa iaea?eueo
eiie?aoii ?ice?eaa? aeania ci?no ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, oi/a aiia
ana oaee caeeoa? i?noea aeey aeiiiaiaiue oa ooi/iaiue.
?icaeyaeath/e ia?a?aoiaai? ooieoe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, iiaeia
aeae?eeoe oi?aa?naeueio ooieoe?th, yeo iaceaathoue ?ioaa?aeueiith.
Aeaye? aaoi?e ye oaeo ?ioaa?aeueio ooieoe?th aecia/athoue
oe?eaiieeeeaiiy. ?ioaa?aeueia ooieoe?y iia’yco? an? ?aooe i?ae niaith.
Aeey no/aniiai noni?euenoaa oey ooieoe?y ? aeoaea aaaeeeaith. *ei
/?oe?oa noi?iiaai? oe?e?, oei oni?oi?oa noa’?eoe oi?aae?iiy iiaeooue
aeeiioaaoe nai? ooieoe??. Oaeei /eiii, iiaeia a?aecia/eoe, ui
aca?iica’ycie aoaeue-yeeo ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae i?iyaey?oueny a
oiio, ui eiaeia c ieo i?aeii?yaeeiaaia oe?e?, i?aoeth? ia oe?eue. Naia
oe?eue ? ia’?eoeaii iaoiiaeaiith. Oey oe?eue iiaea cae?enithaaoenue eeoa
oiae?, eiee aeey ?? ?aae?caoe?? ? ia’?eoeai? iiaeeeaino?, a oe?
iiaeeeaino? ii??aiththoueny a nenoai?, a ?? eiiiiiaioao, no?oeoo??,
ciai?oiueiio na?aaeiaeu?, ca?aeee nenoaia /a?ia? ?ioi?iaoe?th, aia?a?th,
ui iaiao?aeia aeey ?? ?nioaaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy o ?icaeoeo. Oae ye
oe?eue aaciina?aaeiuei ca’ycaia c iiiyooyi ?icaeoeo, oi aeey aecia/aiiy
?ioaa?aeueii? ooieoe?? aeeeth/ii aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy ia? aiae?c noaio
eiiiiiaio?a nenoaie oa naieo nenoai aeey c’ynoaaiiy oaiaeaioe?e
?icaeoeo. Oaeee aiae?c iieeeeaiee aeyaeoe:
1) oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo oa iaoai?ci iiaea?i?caoe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
o a?aeiia?aeiino? c oeeie oaiaeaioe?yie;
2) i?ioe??//y o ?icaeoeo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae oa oeyoe ?o ae??oaiiy;
3) iaea?eueo aoaeoeai? caniae caa?aaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo no?oeoo?ii? oa
ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?aeiino? nenoaie i?ioenoiyiiy iaaaoeaiiio aieeao ia
ia?, a oaeiae ana?aaeei? nenoaie;
4) caaaeaiiy aiae?co ia oeueiio ??ai? iieyaa? ia eeoa a oiio, uia
aeyaeoe noai no?oeoo?e ? ooieoe?e nenoaie, aea ? ?iciiae?eeoe anth
aaio neeaaeieo i?e/eiieo caeaaeiinoae ? ia oe?e iniia? aecia/eoe
caeiiii??iino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo nenoaie aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
Iniaeeaino? ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i? aeaoa?i?iothoueny
?yaeii i?e/ei, na?aae yeeo ? o?ainoi?iaoe?y Oe?a?ie a aeaiie?aoe/io
aea?aeaao, ui ia?aaeaa/a? i?enoinoaaiiy oeeo ooieoe?e aeey ae??oaiiy
iiaeo caaea/. Ia caaaeaee oaea i?enoinoaaiiy ? oni?oiei, ui ii?iaeaeo?
iano i?iaeai caaaeueiinoni?eueiiai oa?aeoa?o. A e?ioeaaiio ?aooieo oea
i?ecaaaea aei iaaiiai aaeaino oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?, ai iaiiaeeeai
aeinyaoe aoaeoeaiiai oi?aae?iiy iaaoaeoeaieie caniaaie. Oiio aeioe?eueii
aeae?eeoe ooieoe?th iiceoeaiiai no?aoaa?/iiai ieneaiiy, iaoith yeiai ?
oi?ioaaiiy i??i?eoao?a ae?yeueiino? oa iiceoeaiiai ?o ae??oaiiy oeyoii
aeei?enoaiiy anoaiiaeaiii? ei?aeyoe?? i?ae i?e/eiith, ui iiaea
aeaoa?i?ioaaoe iaaiee noai ?a/ae, oa iane?aeeii, ye i?iyaii aieeao
i?e/eie a i?ioean? eiai noaiiaeaiiy. Oaea iiceoeaia ieneaiiy aeanoue
iiaeeea?noue e?ioeaai noi?ioaaoe oa no?oeoo?oaaoe iniiai? iai?yiee
ae?yeueiino? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae o aeinyaiaii? iaaieo, aecia/aieo
oe?eae, ye? a naith /a?ao iiaeii? caaeia?eueieoe c?inoath/a /enei iio?aa
noni?euenoaa.
Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa oa ?? ooieoe?? ia iiaeooue ia?eoenue aac iniaeeaiai
?aaoethth/iai iaoai?cio, yeei ? i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy. Ia aeoieo aaoi?a,
i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae – oea ae?yeuei?noue i?aai?a
aea?aeaae ii anoaiiaeaiith th?eaee/ieo ii?i aeey o/aniee?a noni?eueieo
a?aeiinei, aeeiiaiiy yeeo caaacia/o?oueny nenoaiith aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
Oe?a?ie.
Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa Oe?a?ie a nenoai? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy caeia?
iniaeeaa i?noea, ui iaoiiaeaia ca’yceii c aea?aeaaiith aeaaeith.
Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa iino?eii ?icaeaa?oueny, oae ye ? noni?euei?
a?aeiineie. Oea aeiaaa? aenieiai ??aiy i?aai?caoe?? i?ioeano i?aaiaiai
?aaoethaaiiy neoaeaiaeo a?aeiinei, ui neeaaeathoueny a noa?? aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae.
I?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ia? aooe no?eeei, noaa?eueiei,
a oea icia/a?, ui iio??aii aea?aoe ye i?aaeiao i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy
oae? oa?aeoa?i? i?iyae aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, ye? ? aecia/aeueieie ?
caa??aathoue aeiaaee /an noaa?euei?noue.
Oiio, ia aeoieo aaoi?a, aaaeeea? ieoaiiy i?aai?caoe?? oa
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?inoeoooo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae iathoue ioi?ieyoeny /a?ac
caeiie, ? aieiaia, caeiie i?yii? ae??, ye? ia iio?aaothoue aeiaeaoeiaeo
?ic’yniaiue, ooi/iaiue, ?ino?oeoe?e ? o.ae.
Aiae?coth/e oi?ie i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, aaoi?
coieiy?oueny ia ieoaii? i?i no?oeoo?o i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae, a?aecia/ath/e, ui oea ieoaiiy ca’ycaia c oeiia?noth ?
oi?eaeuei?noth aeaiaio?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae. O? aeaiaioe aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae, yeei aeanoeaa oi?aa?naeuei?noue, ? iaea?eueo aeooaeueieie ?
aecia/aeueieie a aea?aeaai?e neoaea?, iio?aaothoue iiaiiai oa ?aeeiiai
i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy. Iniaeeai oea a?aeiineoueny aei ?inoeoooo
aea?aeaaii? iinaaee, c yeith iia’ycai? on? ?io? ieoaiiy aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae. Oea noino?oueny e ?ioeo aeaiaio?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, a naia
a?aeai?o in?a aeey caeiyooy aea?aeaaieo iinaae, ii?yaeeo cai?uaiiy oaeeo
iinaae, a oiio /ene? eiieo?no, a oaeiae aoanoaoe?? ? o.ae. Ana oea ia?
cae??iethaaoeny i?aaiaeie ii?iaie. A ca’yceo c oeei, iio??aii ?ic?iaeoe
? i?eeiyoe oeiiaee ianii?o aea?aeaaii? iinaaee, oeiiaa iieiaeaiiy i?i
ii?yaeie ia?aiiy ia iinaaeo a aea?aeaaiiio aia?ao? oa ?i. C? no?oeoo?ith
i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ? a?aeia?aaeaiiyi a i?e
oeiiaino? ? oi?eaeueiino? ?? aeaiaio?a ca’ycaia ieoaiiy i?i oa, a yeeo
eaieao ???a?o?/ii? oi?aae?inueei? i?aenenoaie, ye? ieoaiiy ? yeeie
caniaaie iathoue cae??iethaaoeny.
Ia aeoieo aaoi?a, no?oeoo?a i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
a Oe?a?i? aaa/a?oueny a ianooiiiio aeaeyae? – caeiiiaeaa/a ?aaoethaaiiy,
yeei ia aea?aeaaiiio ??ai? cae??ieththoueny ieoaiiy: noaoono
i?aoe?aiee?a aea?aeaaiiai aia?aoo; ii?yaeeo a?aeai?o in?a aeey caeiyooy
aea?aeaaieo iinaae; i?ioiaeaeaiiy ? i?eieiaiiy neoaeae; iniaeeainoae
?aaoethaaiiy i?aoe? ??ceo eaoaai??e aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a; caoenoo ?o
i?aa ? ?ioa?an?a aea?aeaaith; niaoeeo?ee ?o a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? oa ?io?,
ui aeicaieythoue aeae?eeoe oeth eaoaai??th i?aoe?aiee?a ? iaaeaoe ?e
iaiao?aeia nioe?aeueii-i?aaiaa iieiaeaiiy.
Ii?iaoeaia ?aaoethaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ia ??ai?: iinoaiia Aa?oiai?
?aaee Oe?a?ie, oeac?a ? ?icii?yaeaeaiue I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie, iinoaiia ?
?icii?yaeaeaiue Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie, iinoaiia Aa?oiaii? ?aaee
Aaoiiiiii? ?anioae?ee E?ei, ?aaee I?i?no??a Aaoiiiiii? ?anioae?ee E?ei,
eieaeueieo ii?iaoeaieo aeo?a.
Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiioeaioe?? Aaei?i?no?aoeaii? ?aoi?ie o /anoei?
?aoi?ioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ia? a?aeaoaaoeny iiaoaiii ? iinooiiai.
Ianaiia?aae ne?ae ia?aaeyiooe caeiiiaeaanoai uiaei aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
Ii?yae c aeiiiaiaiiyi /eiiiai caeiio, oaeineiiaeaiiyi ae?th/eo
ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaeo aeo?a o ia?niaeoea? o?aaa i?eeiyoe ocaaaeueithth/ee
caeii, yeee ae aeeiioaaa ?ieue iaoiaeieia?/iiai ? ii?iaoeaiiai
ooiaeaiaioo i?aaiaiai a?aaoethaaiiy oe?e?nii? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a on?o
?? iniaeeainoyo ia ??cieo aoaiao ?icaeoeo.
Ea?oaaiiy ?aoi?iith aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ne?ae iieeanoe ia niaoe?aeueiee
i?aai oi?aae?iiy aea?aeaaiith neoaeaith. I?ioean eiai oi?ioaaiiy ia?
aooe iaoeiai ? ?ano?nii caaacia/aiee.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie cae??ieaiiy ? ?aae?caoe??
iniiaieo ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?” aeine?aeaeothoueny
iniaeeaino? ieaioaaiiy, oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
a Oe?a?i?, ai?ioueaa c ei?oioe??th ye aaaeeeaa ooieoe?y aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae, ?ioi?iaoe?eii-aiae?oe/i? oaoiieia?? oa eiio?ieue a nenoai?
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
?icaeyaeath/e ieoaiiy ieaioaaiiy eaae??a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?,
aaoi? aiae?coaaa i?noea ieaioaaiiy a nenoai? oi?aae?iiy ia?niiaeii,
aoaie ooieoe?? ieaioaaiiy. Ia eiai aeoieo, ieaioaaiiy – oea i?ioean, ca
aeiiiiiaith yeiai nenoaia aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?enoiniao? nai?
?ano?ne aei ci?i ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o oiia. A?i ia? aacoaaoeny ia
o?ueio iino?eieo i?aeooieoe?yo. Oea aea/aiiy neeueieo oa neaaeeo noi??i
oi?aae?iiy oa aaeaioiaaiino? oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa aei na?oiaeo
noaiaea?o?a.
Aiae?coth/e ??ci? oai?aoe/i? iiaeyaee ia iaoiaee ieaioaaiiy eaae??a,
aeena?oaio aeaoaeueii ?icaeyaea? iaoiaee aeno?aiieyoe?? ? iaoiaee
aenia?oieo ioe?iie.
Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny i?ioeano ieaioaaiiy oi?aae?iiy ea?`??ith,
ui ia? ca iaoo iaaeaiiy eiaeiiio aea?aeaaiiio neoaeaiaoeth oaeeo
noa?oiaeo iiaeeeainoae, ye? caaacia/eee a iaea?eueo iiaio ?aae?caoe?th
eiai cae?aiinoae ? i?aaiaiue, a?aoiaoth/e ?ioa?ane noni?euenoaa.
Iniiaieie neeaaeiaeie i?ioeano oi?aae?iiy ea?`??ith iiaeooue noaoe
aiae?c oa i?iaeooaaiiy oei?a ea?`??, ae?aaiinoeea i?ioan?eii?
ni?yiiaaiino? ? ia?niaeoea ?icaeoeo cae?aiinoae iniae, aea?? iaea?eueo
iioeiaeueiiai aeey iniae oeio ea?`??e ? ?i. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa i?e
?ic?iaoe? no?aoaa?e ea?`??e ? neoaeaiai? oaeoeee ia?niiaeo aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae aeioe?eueii iaoe ii?iaoeai? aeieoiaioe caaaeueiiai
(eiioeaiooaeueiiai) oa?aeoa?o, ui aecia/athoue noaaeaiiy aea?aeaae aei
ia?niiaeo, ye aei iin?y aaaeeea?oi? oe?iiino? – i?ioan?eiiai aeina?aeo,
i?ioan?iiae?cio. A ?iaio? cai?iiiiiaai? oeyoe ieaioaaiiy oa oi?aae?iiy
?icaeoeii ea?`??e aea?aeaaiiai neoaeaiaoey.
Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, aeioe?eueii a Oe?a?i? i?eeiyoe Caeii “I?i
aea?aeaaia i?iaiicoaaiiy oa i?ia?aie ?icaeoeo”, a yeiio ia?aaeaa/eoe
?ic?iaeo i?iaiic?a ia aeiaaino?ieiao ia?niaeoeao ? i?iaiic?a ieai?a ia
ei?ioeino?ieiao ia?niaeoeao.
Aaaeeeaith ooieoe??th aea?aeaaii? neoaeae ia no/aniiio aoai? ?
ai?ioueaa c ei?oioe??th. Aecia/eaoe iie?oe/iee, ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaee,
i?aai?caoe?eiee, aeiiii?/iee, eaae?iaee oa ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/iee
oaeoi?e, aeena?oaio i?iiiio? iaoai?cie uiaei caiia?aaiiy ei?oioe??.
Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny aeyaeaiith “ciie i?aeaeuaiiai ?eceeo”
ei?oioe??, aecia/aiith iinaae, ye? iioaioe?eii iaea?eueoa iiaeooue
caciaoe ei?ic?? oaaa?ieoeoaa, i?ioaeoe?ii?cio, iacaeiiiiai eia?cio oa
?ioeo i?iya?a ei?oioe?? oa ?i.
Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia ?ioi?iaoe?eiei oaoiieia?yi a no?oeoo?ao
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae. Aiae?co?oueny ae?yeuei?noue
?ioi?iaoe?eii-aiae?oe/ieo nenoai I?ia//eie, O?aioe??, NOA, ?in?? oa
Oe?a?ie, ui aeicaiey? c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui, ii-ia?oa, aiae?oe/i? neoaeae
ua iaaeinoaoiuei oaoi?/ii iniauai?, iniaeeai caniaaie eiioi?eaoe?e;
ii-ae?oaa, i?aeaeuothoueny aeiiae aei yeino? ??oaiue, ui i?eeiathoueny ?
ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae i?ioan?eieo yeinoae aiae?oee?a oa a?ae
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy no/anieo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e a i?ioean i?eeiyooy
??oaiue; ii-o?ao?, ianya oa iioiee ?ioi?iaoe?? oae c?inee, ui i?ioean
?ioi?iaoe?eiiai iai?io ia iiaea aooe aoaeoeaiei aac no?oeoo?oaaiiy
nenoaiieo oaiae ii oaeaeiioi?eaoe?eiei nenoaiai.
Cia/ia oaaaa aaoi?ii i?eae?eaia I?ia?ai? ?ic?iaeaiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
aea?aeaaii? eiii`thoa?ii? nenoaie “Eaae?e”, yea i?ecia/aia aeey
?aae?caoe?? ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o noa?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
Iaoith ?aeeii? eiii`thoa?ii? nenoaie “Eaae?e” ? caaacia/aiiy oe?e?niiai
iaoai?cio noi?iaiaeaeaiiy eiiieaeno ieoaiue i?aeaioiaee, aeai?o ?
iae?eo, i?ioiaeaeaiiy neoaeae, i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? ? i?aeaioiaee
aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a, a oaeiae ie?aieo eaoaai??e i?aoe?aiee?a, ye?
aeeth/ai? aei noa?e aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy. Nenoaia “Eaae?e” ni?eyoeia
ae??oaiith oaeeo ieoaiue ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, ye:
?ioi?iaoe?eii-aiae?oe/iiai iii?oi?eiao on?o eaiie aea?aeaaii? neoaeae;
aiae?co ae?e ? caoiae?a uiaei ?aoi?ioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae;
iiaeaethaaiith ?ioi?iaoe?eieo iioie?a ? i?iaeaiieo neooaoe?e; aenia?oec?
caoiae?a uiaei noai?aiiy eiiiiiaio?a aea?aeaaii-oi?aae?inueei? nenoaie;
i?iaiicoaaiith nioe?aeueieo ? aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a aeei?enoaiiy
aaaeae?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae aeey oi?aae?iiy ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueeei
iaoai?ciii. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e, aaaaea?
aeena?oaio, aeicaieeoue: i?aeaeueoe iaa?oioiaai?noue ??oaiue oa ciaioeoe
aieea noa`?eoeaieo oaeoi??a ca ?aooiie canoinoaaiiy aoaeoeaieo iaoiae?a
no/anii? ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??; cai?iaaaeeoe aoaeoeaiee eiio?ieue ca
aeeiiaiiyi aei?o/aiue oa nai?/anio ?icneeeo aeieoiaio?a iinaaeiaei
iniaai; neio?ii?coaaoe ?ioi?iaoe?eiee i?ioean a no?oeoo?ao aeeiiaa/i?
aeaaee uiaei ieoaiue noi?iaiaeaeaiiy eaae?iaiai iioaioe?aeo aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae; caaacia/eoe oiiae iia?aoeaiiai ?ica`ycaiiy caaea/ aiae?co oa
ioe?ithaaiiy ?icaeoeo iiae?e o noa?? eaae?iaiai caaacia/aiiy aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae; ca?eueieoe a?ae ?ooeiii? ?iaioe aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a oa
nei?ioeoe oa?i?i i?aeaioiaee aeieoiaio?a uiaei iae?eo eaae?iaiai ?ano?no
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae.
?icaeyaeath/e eiio?ieue o nenoai? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie, aaoi?
aaaaea?, ui iio??aii anoaiiaeoe iioeiaeueia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ??cieo oi?i
eiio?ieth oa noi?ioaaoe nenoaio eiio?ieth. I?aai?caoe?y eiio?ieth
ia?aaeaa/a? aeinoaoi? aieiae?iiy aea?aeaaieie neoaeaiaoeyie iaoai?ciaie
? oaoiieia?yie i?aai?caoe?? eiio?ieueii? ae?yeueiino?. A i?aeoeoe?
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae aeena?oaio aeae?eea caaaeueiee eiio?ieue (nenoaie a
oe?eiio), ooieoe?iiaeueiee (iaei??? c ooieoe?e) ? niaoe?aeueiee
(ia?aa??ea ae?yeueiino? eiie?aoii? ae?eyiee ?iaioe aai neoaeaiaoey).
Aaoi? aecia/a? ianooii? iai?yiee eiio?ieth: eiio?ieue ca aeio?eiaiiyi
aeenoeeie?ie, nai?/aniei ? ye?niei aeeiiaiiyi iaia`yce?a c oi?aae?iiy;
ca ?aoe?iiaeueiei ?iciiae?eii oa aeei?enoaiiyi iaoa??aeueieo, o?iainiaeo
oa ?ioeo ?ano?n?a; ca iaoeiaith i?aai?caoe??th oi?aae?iiy; eiio?ieue
caeiiiino? oa aeioe?eueiino? i?eeiyoeo oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, aeaeaiue
ii?iaoeaieo aeo?a ? o.?. oa i?ioeaaeo?e o eiio?ieueiiio i?ioean?.
O aeniiaeao aeeeaaeai? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai
iaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? caiaeyoueny aei ne?aeoth/iai:
· ?noi?e/iee aeina?ae oa aeina?ae ca?oa?aeieo e?a?i cana?ae/o?, ui
oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie ia?
a?aeiia?aeaoe oa?aeoa?o ? noo? ?icaeoeo noni?eueieo a?aeiinei. Ci?ie a
aea?aeaaii-oi?aae?inueeeo, nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oa ?ioeo a?aeiineiao
iaoiiaeththoue iiaea?i?caoe?th aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie;
· aea?aeaaia neoaeaa Oe?a?ie – oea aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaee, nioe?aeueiee ?
nenoaiiee ?inoeooo, ui ia? oae? aniaeoe ye iie?oe/iee, th?eaee/iee,
nioe?aeueiee;
· aeioe?eueii aeiiiaieoe Eiinoeoooe?th Oe?a?ie oaeeie i?eioeeiaie
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, ye caeiii?noue; ianoi?ni?noue iinaae;
iaia`yceia?noue ??oaiue aeuanoiyueo a ii?yaeeo i?aeeaaeino? aea?aeaaieo
i?aai?a oa aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a; i?aeii?yaeeiaai?noue oa
i?aeca?oi?noue aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a ? ae?yeueiino? neoaeaiaeo in?a;
iicaia?o?ei?noue aea?aeaaii? neoaeae; i?ioan?ei?noue i?aeaioiaee oa
eiiiaoaioiino? ethaeeie; a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a;
nioe?aeueia oa aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaa caoeuai?noue aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a;
noaa?euei?noue aea?aeaaii? neoaeae;
· nenoaia aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie neeaaea?oueny c aea?aeaaieo neoaea
Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie, Aaei?i?no?aoe?? I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie, Eaa?iaoo
I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie, Eiinoeoooe?eiiai, Aa?oiaiiai, Aeuiai A?a?o?aaeiiai
noae?a, I?ieo?aoo?e Oe?a?ie oa ?ioeo i?aai?a, ??ai?a ? a?eie aeaaee.
Aeioe?eueii oaeineiiaeeoe i?aai?caoe?eio oa no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueio
noaie ??cieo ??ai?a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie oa ?o caeiiiaeaa/o aaco;
· i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy – oea ae?yeuei?noue i?aai?a aea?aeaae ii
anoaiiaeaiith th?eaee/ieo ii?i aeey o/aniee?a noni?eueieo a?aeiinei,
aeeiiaiiy yeeo caaacia/o?oueny nenoaiith aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie;
· ieoaiiy i?aai?caoe?? oa ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?inoeoooo aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
iathoue ioi?ieyoeny /a?ac caeiie ?, aieiaia, caeiie i?yii? ae??, ye? ia
iio?aaothoue aeiaeaoeiaeo ?ic`yniaiue, ooi/iaiue, ?ino?oeoe?e ? o.?.
· aeioe?eueii a i?ioean? aaei?i?no?aoeaii? ?aoi?ie aaeineiiaeeoe
i?aaiaee noaoon aea?aeaaieo neoaeaiaoe?a a Oe?a?i?;
· ia iniia? eeaneo?eaoe?e aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a i?iiiio?oueny aeae?eeoe ?
caeiiiaeaa/i aecia/eoe oae? oeie aea?aeaaieo iinaae: iie?oe/i?,
iao?iiaoi?, aaei?i?no?aoeai?;
· aeioe?eueii ?ic?iaeoe oa i?eeiyoe aeiiiaiaiiy aei Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i
aea?aeaaio neoaeao”,ui ii-iiaiio ae??oeoue ieoaiiy, ye? iia`ycai? c?
noaoonii iinaae a aea?aeaaiiio aia?ao?, caniaaie ?o cai?uaiiy, ioe?ieith
i?ioan?eii? i?eaeaoiino?, ii?yaeeii i?ioiaeaeaiiy, ia?ai?uaiiy,
i?inoaaiiy, noeioethaaiiy, a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth oa ?i.
?IAIOE, IIOAE?EIAAI? CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??
1. Eae?eia A.?., Iaieainueeee I.TH. Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa oa i?iaeaie
ai?ioueae c ei?oioe??th // Aea?aeaaia oi?aae?iiy, aea?aeaaia neoaeaa ?
i?noeaaa naiia?yaeoaaiiy / Eie. aao. /ca ?aae. I.TH.Iaieainueeiai. –
Oiaeueieoeueeee: Iiae?eey, 1999.– N.161-169.
2. Aea?aeaaiee neoaeaiaaoeue a Oe?a?i? (iiooe iiaeae?) / Ieaeiee
I.?.,Oea?oeia A.A., Eae?eia A.?., oa ?i. – E.: E?Oe AII Oe?a?ie,
?i-TH?a. – 1998.– 271 n.
3. Eae?eia A.?. I?iaeaie oa ia?niaeoeae aea?aeaaii? neoaeae // A?niee
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie. – 1996. – ? 1. – N.5-11.
4. Eae?eia A.?. I?i iniiai? i?aenoiee ae?yeueiino? Aieiaaea?aeneoaeae a
1996 ?ioe?, ia?niaeoeae oa caaaeaiiy ia 1997 ??e // A?niee aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae Oe?a?ie. – 1997. – ? 1. – N.53-64.
5. Eae?eia A., Iaieainueeee I. Aea?aeaaii-iie?oe/i? oa
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? aniaeoe ai?ioueae c ei?oioe??th // A?niee
Oe?a?inueei? Aeaaeai?? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia?
Oe?a?ie. – 1998. – ? 2. – N.16-23.
6. Ieaeiee I., Eae?eia A. ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? a no?oeoo?ao
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue // ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? oa caoeno ?ioi?iaoe??. C?a?aiiy TH?eae. ?inoeoooo IAN
Oe?a?ie. – 1998. – ? 2. – N. 97-119.
7. Eae?eia A. Ooieoe?? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae oa ?o i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy //
A?niee aea?aeaaii? neoaeae Oe?a?ie. – 1999. – ? 1. – N. 55-69.
8. Eae?eia A.,Iaieainueeee I. Aea?aeaaia neoaeaa: eiinoeoooe?ei?
canaaee, caaea/? oa i?eioeeie // Ia?eaiaioa?. – 1998. – ? 3. – N.
10-13.
9. Ieaeiee I.?., Iinia N.I., Eae?eia A.?. Aeiiae aei aeaea?ae
?ioi?iaoe?? a nenoai? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy // Ca??iee// ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? oa caoeno ?ioi?iaoe??. Caii??cueeee th?eae. ?inoeooo. – 1999.
– ? 1. – N. 30-45.
Eae?eia A.?. I?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia? canaaee oi?ioaaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 12.00.07.– oai??y oi?aae?iiy; aaei?i?no?aoeaia
i?aai ? i?ioean; o?iainiaa i?aai. – Iaoe?iiaeueia th?eaee/ia aeaaeai?y
?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai, Oa?e?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii aea/aiith nooiino? oa ci?noo
i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo canaae oi?ioaaiiy oa ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaii?
neoaeae a Oe?a?i?. Noi?ioeueiaaii iiiyooy aea?aeaaii? neoaeae oa
iaa?oioiaaii ?? ?ene ye aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaiai, nioe?aeueiiai ? nenoaiiiai
?inoeoooo.
Aecia/aii ?? iniiai? i?eioeeie. Aeine?aeaeaii nenoaio i?aai?a
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?, iaa?oioiaaii ?? i?noea ? ?ieue a
oi?aae?ii? Oe?a?inueeith aea?aeaaith. I?iaiae?ciaaii iniiai? ooieoe??
aea?aeaaii? neoaeae oa cai?iiiiiaaii ?o eeaneo?eaoe?th ? ?aae?caoe?th a
iaoai?ci? aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy oa ?o i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy.
Cae?eniaii eiiieaeniee e?eoe/iee aiae?c iniaeeainoae cae??ieaiiy ?
?aae?caoe?? iniiaieo ooieoe?e aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?. Aecia/aii
iaoai?cie ieaioaaiiy eaae??a aea?aeaaii? neoaeae, cai?iiiiiaaii
iaoai?cie ai?ioueae c ei?oioe??th a i?aaiao aea?aeaaii? neoaeae,
noi?ioeueiaai? i?iiiceoe?? oaeineiiaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii-aiae?oe/ieo
oaoiieia?e a nenoai? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae a Oe?a?i?.
Noi?ioeueiaaii i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy Eiinoeoooe?? ? /eiiiai
caeiiiaeaanoaa, ni?yiiaai? ia i?aeaeuaiiy ae??aino? aea?aeaaii? neoaeae
Oe?a?ie.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aea?aeaaia neoaeaa, aea?aeaaia oi?aae?iiy, nenoaia
i?aai?a, i?eioeeie, ooieoe??, ai?ioueaa c ei?oioe??th, ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia??.
Eaeeeia A.E. I?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaua iniiau oi?ie?iaaiey e
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau a Oe?aeia. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 12.00.07 – oai?ey oi?aaeaiey; aaeieieno?aoeaiia
i?aai e i?ioeann; oeiainiaia i?aai. – Iaoeeiiaeueiay th?eaee/aneay
aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu eiaie ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai, Oa?ueeia, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia eco/aieth nouiinoe e niaea?aeaiey
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiauo i?eioeeiia oi?ie?iaaiey e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau a Oe?aeia. Noi?ioee?iaaii iiiyoea
ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau e iainiiaaiu aa /a?ou eae
ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaiai, nioeeaeueiiai e nenoaiiiai einoeoooa.
Ii?aaeaeaiu aa iniiaiua i?eioeeiu. Enneaaeiaaia nenoaia i?aaiia
ainoaea?noaaiie neoaeau a Oe?aeia, iainiiaaia aa ?ieue e ianoi a
oi?aaeaiee Oe?aeineei ainoaea?noaii. I?iaiaeece?iaaiu iniiaiua ooieoeee
ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau e i?aaeeiaeaiu eo eeanneoeeaoeey e ?aaeecaoeey
a iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey e eo i?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea.
I?iaaaeai eiiieaeniue e?eoe/aneee aiaeec iniaaiiinoae cae?aieaiey e
?aaeecaoeee iniiaiuo ooieoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau a Oe?aeia.
Ii?aaeaeaiu iaoaieciu ieaie?iaaiey eaae?ia ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau,
i?aaeeiaeaiu iaoaieciu ai?ueau n ei??oioeeae a i?aaiao ainoaea?noaaiiie
neoaeau, noi?ioee?iaaiu i?aaeeiaeaiey oniaa?oainoaiaaiey
eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneeo oaoiieiaee a nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiie
neoaeau a Oe?aeia.
Noi?ioee?iaaiu i?aaeeiaeaiey ii oniaa?oainoaiaaieth Eiinoeoooeee e
aeaenoaothuaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, iai?aaeaiiua ia iiauoaiea
aeaenoaaiiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau a Oe?aeia.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: ainoaea?noaaiiay neoaeaa, ainoaea?noaaiiia oi?aaeaiea,
nenoaia i?aaiia, i?eioeeiu, ooieoeee, ai?ueaa n ei??oioeeae,
eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee.
Lelikov G.I. Organization – lawful backgrounds of formation and
functioning of the State service in Ukraine. – Manuscript.
A thesis for scientific degree contest of the jurisprudence candidate
on the speciality 12.00.07 – theory of management; administrative law
and process; financial law. – Yaroslav Mudry National Academy of Law of
Ukraine, Kharkov, 1999.
A thesis is dedicated to organization-lawful questions of formation
and functioning of the State service in Ukraine. In it are investigated
actual theoretical problems of formation and functioning of the State
service in Ukraine and are formed general notions characterizing an
appropriate phenomenon. Particularly in the comparative aspect are
analyzed a notion of the State service and its principles which are
contained in the scientific literature and normative sources (both in
home and foreign). There is put emphasis on the system of bodies of the
State service in Ukraine. The peculiarity of the State service system in
Ukraine in its coordination character is noted. The State service of
three power branches interact and coordinate common actions. In the work
is proposed to create common coordination bodies in this sphere, to
broaden powers of the Council on Working with the Personnel at the
President of Ukraine as a main consultative-deliberative body.
In the thesis are considered main functions of the State service in
Ukraine and their lawful regulation. A classification of the State
service functions is proposed. In the work are shown the ways for
improvement of the State service in Ukraine. It is proposed to separate
and legislatively consolidate such types of State posts as political,
patronage, administrative. The necessity of determination and
application of standards and guarantees for the status of State
employees in shown. The necessity of regulating the admittance, training
and improvement in qualification of the State employees is argued.
In the thesis is attached a great significance to questions for
realization of function of the State service of Ukraine. In this
connection is isolated the analysis of theoretical and practical
backgrounds for personnel potential planning, particular attention is
given to planning the career of State employees. The influence of
corruption on the activity of the State service is analyzed, the ways of
its removal in the State machinery are proposed. Significant attention
is given to the elucidation of information-analytical technologies in
the system of the State service. A conclusion is drawn that this problem
is one of the most acute, since the absence of technologies is
influenced on making constructive, flexible decisions. In the thesis are
presented and substantiated particular propositions on improvement of
control powers of separated bodies in the system of the State service.
Key words: State service, State government, system of bodies,
principles, functions, struggle against corruption, information
technologies.
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