EE?ANUeEEE IAOe?IIAEUeIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
AOAe?AIEOeOAA ? A?O?OAEOO?E
Noaiai AEAN
OAeE 69.003:658.5:012.2
I?AAI?CAOe?EII-OAOIIEIA?*I? INIIAE OI?IOAAIIss O?OAeIAEO ?ANO?N?A A
AOAe?AAEUeIEO O??IAO
(ia i?eeeaae? aoae?aaeueieo o??i ?anioae?ee Oi?aao??)
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.06.01. – Aeiiii?ea i?aei?e?inoaa oa i?aai?caoe?y
ae?iaieoeoaa (oaoi?/i? iaoee)
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? i?aai?caoe?? ? oi?aae?iiy aoae?aieoeoaii
Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e
(EIOAA)
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee –
aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? OOAOeUeEEE Na?a?e Aiae??eiae/,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith i?aai?caoe?? ? oi?aae?iiy aoae?aieoeoaii EIOAA.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
– aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? AOOO?A Na?a?e Aeieo?iae/, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?ith aaoiiaoecaoe?? aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa EIOAA;
– eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee IANEIA TH??e
Ieaen?eiae/, caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eii ?ioi?iaoeee oa aeieoiaiooaaiiy
iai’yoiee?a a?o?oaeoo?e iaoe?iiaeueiiai caiia?aeieea “Nio?y Ee?anueea”.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa –
I?eaei?i?ianueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” ___ ” _________ 1999 ?. i _____ aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.056.03 Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252037, i. Ee?a, Iia?o?ioeionueeee
i?iniaeo, 31.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e ca aae?anith:
252037,
i. Ee?a, Iia?o?ioeionueeee i?iniaeo, 31.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” ___ ” _______ 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Iiai?aeueoeaa A.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. ?aoe?iiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
cae?enith? cia/iee aieea ia nai?/ania aeeiiaiiy aeiaia??ieo ciaia’ycaiue
aoae?aaeueieie o??iaie oa aoaeoeai?noue ?oiuei? ?iaioe, ui ? i?aea?oioyi
iaae?eiiai ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.
I?iaeaia ?ioaineo?eaoe?? aoae?aieoeoaa a ?anioae?oe? Oi?aao??,
iaoiiaeaia iaiao?aei?noth aoae?aieoeoaa iiaeo oa a?aeaoaeiaith
c?oeiiaaieo i?ae /an a?eie 1991 – 1995 ?ie?a ia’?eo?a, ?icaoaeiaith oa
?aeiino?oeoe??th ae?th/eo i?aei?e?inoa, c iaoith ia?iuoaaiiy
aeiiii?/iiai iioaioe?aeo oa iie?ioaiiy aeia?iaooo ia?iaeo, iio?aao?
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a.
Ae??oaiiy oe??? caaea/? iiaea aooe aeinyaiooa oeyoii oaeineiiaeaiiy
oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, a?oiooth/enue ia
aecia/aii? iio??aii? e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae c o?aooaaiiyi noai?aiiy iaiao?aeiiai ?o ?aca?ao, ui
iaoiiaeth?oueny ?iia??iiniei oa?aeoa?ii aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa. A
oaia??oi? /ane, o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a, i?e ae??oaii? oe??? caaea/?
canoiniaothoueny iaoiaee, ui a?oioothoueny ia aeaoa?i?i?nonueeeo
i?aeoiaeao, aac o?aooaaiiy ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa ?, ioaea, ui ia iiaeooue caaacia/eoe iaae?ei?noue
?ic?aooie?a ?, a?aeiia?aeii, ??oaiue, ui i?eeiathoueny. ?nioth/? iaoiaee
aecia/aiiy ??aiy ?aca?aoaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, iaiao?aei?noue yeiai
iaoiiaeaia ?iia??iiniei oa?aeoa?ii aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa,
a?aoiaothoue niaoeeo?eo ?icaeoeo iiooaeiinoae aoae?aaeueieo
i?aai?caoe?e, aeoiaey/e c ?o ae?yeueiino? a oiiaao oeaio?ae?ciaaii?
ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee oa eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeaii? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy,
ye?, o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a, ia a?aoiaothoue i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i?
oiiae aeeiiaiiy aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o (AI?). Oea ia aeicaiey?
aeei?enoaoe ?nioth/? iaoiaee aeey ?ic?aooieo aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaiiai
?aca?ao ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo niaoe?aeueiinoae i?e oi?ioaaii?
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, ui ooieoe?iiothoue a oiiaao
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. Ioaea, iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ii
oaeineiiaeaiith iaoiae?a oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo
o??iao ? aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith, yea ia? iaoeiaee ? i?aeoe/iee ?ioa?an.
Ca’ycie aeena?oaoe?? c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aea?aiee
iai?yiie aeine?aeaeaiue a?aeiia?aea? oaiaoe/i?e ni?yiiaaiino? iaoeiaeo
?ic?iaie, ui i?iaiaeyoueny ia eaoaae?? i?aai?caoe?? ? oi?aae?iiy
aoae?aieoeoaii EIOAA oa I?ia?ai? iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue o aoae?aieoeoa?
a ?anioae?oe? Oi?aao??.
2
Iaoa oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?? ? ?ic?iaea
iaoiaeieia?/ii? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aaeueieo
o??iao c o?aooaaiiyi i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia aeeiiaiiy AI?,
?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa oa niaoeeo?ee
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.
Aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe iia’ycaii c ae??oaiiyi oaeeo iniiaieo
caaea/:
i?iaaaeaiiyi aiae?co aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aaeueieo
o??iao ?anioae?ee Oi?aao?? oa aea/aiiyi ? ocaaaeueiaiiyi aeaieo
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae o aaeoc? oaeineiiaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo
?ano?n?a a aoae?aieoeoa?;
aeine?aeaeaiiyi i?ioeano aeeiiaiiy AI? oa eiai oa?aeoa?enoee;
?ic?iaeith iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii? iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao c o?aooaaiiyi i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia
aeeiiaiiy AI?, ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa oa
niaoeeo?ee ?eieiaeo oiia;
aenia?eiaioaeueiith ia?aa??eith iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
a aoae?aaeueieo o??iao.
Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue, a?oiooth/enue ia
aiae?c? noaoenoe/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??, aeieoiaioaeueieo oa e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae, ocaaaeueiaii? oa ioe?ithaaii? iaea?aeaieo a?aeiiinoae, c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee, aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy, e?i?eiiai i?ia?aioaaiiy, i?e canoinoaaii? iaoaiaoe/iiai
aia?aoo oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa oai??? ?ai?.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui aia?oa aeey aoae?aaeueieo o??i
?ic?iaeai? iiaeae? oa aeai?eoie aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino?
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui caaacia/othoue a?aooaaiiy
i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia aeeiiaiiy AI?, ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o
aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa oa niaoeeo?ee ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui caaaeyee
oi?ioaaiith o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, ia iniia?
aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae, iiaea aooe cieaeaii aeiiii?/i? ao?aoe, ui iia’ycai? c
i?inoi?i o?iioo ?ia?o aiane?aeie aeao?oeeoo o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, ia
16-17 % oa aeiiii?/i? ao?aoe, ui iia’ycai? c i?inoi?i ?ia?oiee?a a
i/?eoaaii? o?iioo ?ia?o aiane?aeie ?o iaaeeeoeo, ia 12-15 %. Oea
aeicaiey? cieceoe nia?aa?o?noue AI? ia 0,7-0,8 %.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
ii?eethaeiai? o aeiiia?aeyo ia 57-e, 58-e, 59-e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ?
a?o?oaeoo?e.
3
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii /ioe?e ?iaioe a
niaoe?ae?ciaaieo aeaeaiiyo, ui oa?eoee aei ia?ae?eo ?3 AAE Oe?a?ie.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
o?ueio ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae
e?oa?aoo?e c 120 iaeiaioaaiue; 5-oe aeiaeaoe?a. Iiaiee ianya
aeena?oaoe?? neeaaea? 162 noi??iee, a oiio /ene?: ianya nieneo
aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae – 12 noi??iie, ianya aeiaeaoe?a – 17
noi??iie. A iniiai?e /anoei? aeena?oaoe?? ia?aoiao?oueny 27 oaaeeoeue ?
19 ?enoie?a.
INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??
O anooi? aea?oueny iaa?oiooaaiiy aeooaeueiino? oaie, noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo
oa iniiai? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eoi iaoeiao iiaecio ?iaioe ?
i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Aeina?ae ? iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy a aaeoc?
aeei?enoaiiy ? oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aieoeoa?” i?iaaaeaii
e?eoe/iee aiae?c aeaea?ae e?oa?aoo?e oa noaoenoe/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??, a
yeiio a?aeia?aaeaii a?o/eciyiee oa ca?oa?aeiee aeina?ae aeei?enoaiiy oa
oeyoe oaeineiiaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aieoeoa?.
Aiae?c aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao ?anioae?ee
Oi?aao?? iieacaa, ui cia/ia ci?ia no?oeoo?e ianya?a ?ia?o ca aeaeaie
aoae?aieoeoaa ? aeeth/aiiy aei ae?iaie/i? i?ia?aie aoae?aaeueieo o??i
??ciioeiieo ia’?eo?a iaoiiaeth? ia??aiii??i?noue aeeiiaiiy ianya?a AI?
ca ?o aeaeaie ia i?ioyc? ??cieo /aniaeo ia??iae?a (?iee, eaa?oaee,
i?nyoe?). Oea i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeieeiaiiy aeao?oeeoo aai, iaaiaee,
iaaeeeoeo iio??aii? e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a a ie?ai? i?ii?aeee /ano, o
ii??aiyii? c? na?aaeiueinieneiaith ?o /enaeuei?noth, ui iaaaoeaii
a?aeaeaa?oueny ia aeeiiaii? aeiaia??ieo ciaia’ycaiue aoae?aaeueieo o??i
? aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, i?i ui na?ae/aoue aeai?,
iaaaaeai? o ?iaio?.
I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a oiiaao
?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, ye na?ae/aoue
aeina?ae ? iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy, iiaea aooe aeinyaiooi oeyoii
oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao ia i?aenoaa?
aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae c o?aooaaiiyi ?o ?aca?aoaaiiy.
Cia/iee aianie a ?ic?iaeo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo iio?aae o ?ano?nao a
aoae?aieoeoa?, a oiio /ene? o?oaeiaeo, aianee E.A. Aioaiaa?/thn, A.N.
Aaeeoeueeee, N.Ae. Aooo?a, ?.A. Aaee?i, A.A. Aonaeia, E. Ia?ooe/, ?.I.
I??e?i, A.I. I?oaeuen, I.I. Ie?eiee, I.Ae. Niaeoi?, I.O. Oeey?ia, I.E.
Onoaiei, N.A. Ooaoeueeee,
4
O.I. Oeae oa ?io?. Aea ?nioth/? iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a iio?aae o o?oaeiaeo
?ano?nao o aoae?aieoeoa?, o nai?e a?eueoino?, i???ioiaai? ia
aeei?enoaiiy aeaoa?i?iiaaieo ioe?iie aoae?aaeueieo i?ioean?a, aac
o?aooaaiiy ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Aiie ia
ia?aaeaa/athoue aecia/aiiy iaiao?aeiiai ?aca?ao o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui
ia ni?ey? iaae?eiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aoae?aaeueieo o??i ? i?aeaeuaiith
aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy oeeo ?ano?n?a.
Iaoiaee, ui i?iiiiothoueny aeey a?aooaaiiy ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o
aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa i?e aecia/aii? iio??aii? e?eueeino?
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aieoeoa? c o?aooaaiiyi ?aca?ao,
ia?aaeaa/athoue ?ic?aooiee oeeo ?ano?n?a aeey aeuiai ??aiy oi?aae?iiy
aoae?aieoeoaii (i?i?noa?noa, ia’?aeiaiue) c iine?aeoth/ei ?iciiae?eii
oeueiai ?aca?ao ii i?aea?aeii/ei ??aiyi oi?aae?iiy aoae?aieoeoaii. Aiie
i???ioiaai? ia niaoeeo?eo ?icaeoeo iiooaeiino? aoae?aaeueieo o??i ?
oi?aae?iiy aoae?aieoeoaii a oiiaao oeaio?ae?ciaaii? ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee ?
eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeaii? nenoaie ea??aieoeoaa. I?e oeueiio ia
a?aoiaothoueny i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? oiiae aeeiiaiiy AI? a
aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, ui ia aeicaiey? aeei?enoiaoaaoe oe? iaoiaee aeey
?ic?aooieo aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaiiai ?aca?ao ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth i?e oi?ioaaii? o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueieo
o??i, ui ooieoe?iiothoue a oiiaao ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.
Aeeiiaiee e?eoe/iee aiae?c e?oa?aoo?e aeicaieea c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i
iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy iaoiaeieia?/ii? iniiae iioei?caoe?? oi?ioaaiiy
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aaeueieo o??iao c o?aooaaiiyi
i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia aeeiiaiiy AI?, ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o
aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? niaoeeo?ee ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei, ui
aecia/eei aea?? iai?yieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Iaa?oiooaaiiy aeai?o iai?yieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?
aiae?c oa?aeoa?enoee i?ioeano aeeiiaiiy aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o”,
ia iniia? e?eoe/iiai aiae?co iaoiae?a ?ica’ycaiiy iinoaaeaii? caaea/?,
iaa?oioiaaii aea?? iai?yieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? iaaaaeaia caaaeueia
iaoiaeeea ?o i?iaaaeaiiy. O ?icae?e? oaeiae iaaaaeaii aiae?c
oa?aeoa?enoee aeeiiaiiy AI?.
Ia iniia? aiae?co iaoiae?a ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/, iia’ycaieo c aecia/aiiyi
? iioei?caoe??th iio?aae o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a a aoae?aieoeoa?, iai?/ai?
oeyoe aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe ?iaioe. I?e oeueiio cacia/aii ui:
iioeiaeueia ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/? iiaea aooe iaea?aeaii c aeei?enoaiiyi
aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoiae?a; i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? oiiae
aeeiiaiiy aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o iiaeooue aooe a?aoiaai? ia
iniia? anaa?/iiai aiae?co oeueiai i?ioeano ? a?aeia?aaeaiiy eiai
iniiaieo oa?aeoa?enoee a iiaeae? caaea/?, yeo ?ica’ycothoue;
?iia??iiniee oa?aeoa? aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa iiaea
5
aooe a?aoiaaii oeyoii canoinoaaiiy iaoiae?a, ui aeicaieythoue caaaeaoe
aieea aeiaaeeiaeo oaeoi??a i?e aecia/aii? oa?aeoa?enoee i?ioeano, yeee
aeine?aeaeo?oueny. I?e a?aeiieo aeo?aeieo aeaieo ii iinoaaeai?e caaea/?
oea iiaea aooe aeinyaiooi c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai???
ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, a a oiiaao iayaiino? iaiiaii? aeo?aeii?
?ioi?iaoe?? – c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai??? ?ai?;
niaoeeo?ea ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei iiaea aooe a?aoiaaia oeyoii iaa?oioiaaiiai
aeai?o e?eoa??y iioeiaeueiino? ? a?aooaaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo oiia i?e
?ica’ycaii? iinoaaeaii? caaea/?.
I?e aiae?c? i?ioeano aeeiiaiiy naie iniiaieo aeae?a AI? o
a?aeiia?aeiino? aei iiiyoue, i?eeiyoeo a oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy,
a yeino? cayaie (aeiia) ?icaeyaeaeeny ??ci? aeaee AI?, a a yeino?
eaiae?a ianeoaiaoaaiiy ?icaeyaeaeeny ?ia?oieee a?eaaae ??cieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae. Aiae?c iniiaieo oa?aeoa?enoee i?ioeano aeeiiaiiy AI?,
ye? a?aeia?aaeathoue i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? oiiae ?o aeeiiaiiy,
aeicaieea anoaiiaeoe, ui oeae i?ioean iiaea aooe ai?ieneiiaaii
iaeiieaiaeueiith aai aaaaoieaiaeueiith nenoaiith ianiaiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy, iane?i/aiiei aeaea?aeii aeiia ia ianeoaiaoaaiiy,
iaiaaeaiith e?euee?noth i?noeue a /a?c? ia ianeoaiaoaaiiy ? “oa?iey/eie”
cayaeaie. Ia iniia? aiae?co, c canoinoaaiiyi iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/ii?
noaoenoeee, anoaiiaeaii, ui, a caeaaeiino? a?ae ?iciiae?eo iioieo aeiia
ia aeeiiaiiy AI? (ao?aeiiai iioieo iiae?e) ? ?iciiae?eo /ano aeeiiaiiy
AI? (iioieo ianeoaiaoaaiiy), i?ioean aeeiiaiiy AI? iiaea aooe
ai?ieneiiaaii iaei??th ?c oaeeo ??ciiaeae?a nenoai ianiaiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy: c ioannii?anueeei ao?aeiei iioieii iiae?e ? iioieii
ianeoaiaoaaiiy, yeee a?aeiia?aea? aeniiiaioe?aeueiiio ?iciiae?eo
(aeeiiaiiy iie??aaeueieo ? iaey?ieo ?ia?o); c ioannii?anueeei ao?aeiei
iioieii iiae?e ? iioieii ianeoaiaoaaiiy, yeee a?aeiia?aea? ?iciiae?eo
A?eaiaa ae?oaiai ii?yaeeo (cae?aiiy ? onoaiiaeaiiy aea?aa’yieo
eiino?oeoe?e ? ae?ia?a; onoaiiaeaiiy a?iaoo?ieo n?oie ? ea?ean?a;
oeeaaeaiiy aaoiio); c ioannii?anueeei ao?aeiei iioieii iiae?e ? iioieii
ianeoaiaoaaiiy, yeee a?aeiia?aea? ?iciiae?eo A?eaiaa o?aoueiai ii?yaeeo
(io?oaaiiy no?i ? ia?aai?iaeie c oeaaee; aeeiiaiiy oooeaoo?ieo ?
iaeeoethaaeueieo ?ia?o).
Anoaiiaeai? ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co ??ciiaeaee nenoai ianiaiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ye? ai?ieneiothoue i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? oiiae
aeeiiaiiy AI?, aeicaieythoue iaa?oioiaaii aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaoaiaoe/iee
aia?ao oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeey aecia/aiiy iniiaieo eiai
oa?aeoa?enoee c iaoith iine?aeoth/i? iio?i?caoe?? oeueiai i?ioeano.
6
O?ao?e ?icae?e “Oaeineiiaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o
aoae?aaeueieo o??iao” i?enay/aiee ?ic?iaoe? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii?
iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao ye i?e
a?aeiieo ianyaao ??cieo aeae?a AI?, oae ? a oiiaao iaiiaii? aeo?aeii?
?ioi?iaoe??. Ie??i oeueiai a ?icae?e? iaaaaeai? aeai?
aenia?eiaioaeueiiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue a
aoae?aaeueieo o??iao.
Oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueii? o??ie iia’ycaii c
iaiao?aei?noth aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae
??cieo niaoe?aeueiinoae, ui iiaea caaacia/eoe aeeiiaiiy ae?iaie/i?
i?ia?aie AI? c iaeiaioeie aeiiii?/ieie ao?aoaie.
I?e a?aeiieo ianyaao ??cieo aeae?a AI? iioeiaeueia e?euee?noue
?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae j-ai oeio (j=1, 2, … , n) aeey aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai
aeaeo (i=1, 2, …, m) aecia/a?oueny ?c canoinoaaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai
aia?aoo oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeoiaey/e c iioeiaeueii? aaee/eie
caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino? ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy oeeo ?ia?o.
Oea aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe iioeiaeueiee ?aca?a o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o
aoae?aaeuei?e o??i?.
A?aeiii, ui iaiane/ai?noue aeo?aeii? nenoaie (?nioaaiiy noaoe?iia?iiai
?iciiae?eo aeiaaeeie /a?ae ia aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie
a?eaaae j-ai oeio) caaacia/o?oueny i?e aeio?eiaii? oiiae
(1)
– caaaeaia ?ioaineai?noue ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai
aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai oeio (caaaeaia ?ioaineai?noue ao?aeiiai
iioieo cayaie);
– ?ioaineai?noue ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo
?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai oeio (?ioaineai?noue ao?aeiiai iioieo iiae?e);
– ?ioaineai?noue aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai
oeio (?ioaineai?noue iioieo ianeoaiaoaaiiy).
Oiiaa (1) ia?aaeaa/a? iaiao?aei?noue ia?aaeuaiiy ?ioaineaiino? aeeiiaiiy
AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai oeio (?ioaineaiino? iioieo
ianeoaiaoaaiiy) iaae ?ioaineai?noth ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy
AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai oeio (?ioaineai?noth ao?aeiiai
iioieo iiae?e). A i?ioeeaaeiiio aeiaaeeo aeieeia ia?aiiaiaiiy nenoaie,
oiaoi /a?aa aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai
oeio iaiaiaaeaii c?inoa, ui iiaea aooe iaei??th ?c i?e/ei i?inoith
o?iioo ?ia?o. Ioaea, a oiiaao
7
. Oea iiaea aooe cia?aaeaii ye
( min. (2)
Iine?aeiai?noue aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? iio?aae o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
aoae?aaeueii? o??ie iaaaaeaia ia ?en. 1.
aecia/athoueny c canoinoaaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai??? ianiaiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy. I?e oeueiio a?aoiao?oueny anoaiiaeaiee ia iniia?
aiae?co, c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee, ??ciiaeae
nenoaie ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, yea ai?ieneio?
i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? oiiae aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie
a?eaaae j-ai oeio.
, ui iia’ycai? c i?inoi?i oeueiai o?iioo ?ia?o, ca i?eeiyoo iaeeieoeth
aei??o /ano. I?e oeueiio a?aoiaothoueny
8
(
(
(
(
(
?en. 1. Iine?aeiai?noue aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino? o?oaeiaeo
?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueii? o??ie
9
aeiiii?/i? ao?aoe aoae?aaeueii? o??ie, ye? ? iane?aeeii iaiiaiiai
io?eiaiiy: i/?eoaaiiai i?eaooeo; oiiaii-iino?eii? /anoeie aeo?ao o
neeaae? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe; oiiaii-iino?eii? /anoeie aeo?ao ia
aenieoaoaoe?th iaoei ? iaoai?ci?a; oiiaii-iino?eii? /anoeie iaeeaaeieo
aeo?ao; oiiaii-iino?eii? /anoeie caaio?aaeueii-neeaaenueeeo aeo?ao.
Ie??i oeueiai a?aoiaothoueny aeiiii?/i? ao?aoe, ui iia’ycai? c iieaoith
i?inoith iaoei?no?a aoae?aaeueieo iaoei ? iaiiaiei aeei?enoaiiyi
ii?iiaaieo ia?aiaeo oiiae?a oa iiooaeiinoae ae?iaie/eo i?aei?e?inoa ?
ainiiaea?noa iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii? aace aoae?aaeueii? o??ie.
, ye? ? iane?aeeii i?inoith ?ia?oiee?a oeeo a?eaaae, ca i?eeiyoo
iaeeieoeth aei??o /ano. I?e oeueiio a?aoiaothoueny aeiiii?/i? ao?aoe, ui
iia’ycai? c iieaoith i?inoith ?ia?oiee?a.
ca i?eeiyoo iaeeieoeth /ano aecia/athoueny aeoiaey/e ?c na?aaeiueiai
ianyao AI? i-ai aeaeo o aa?o?niiio ae?aaeaii?, yeee iiaea aooe aeeiiaiee
iaeiei ?ia?oieeii a?eaaaee j-ai oeio ca i?eeiyoo iaeeieoeth /ano.
aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith
(3)
j – e?euee?noue ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae j-ai oeio, yea iio?aao?oueny aeey
aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo, aeoiaey/e ?c ?o ii?iaoeaii? o?oaeii?noe?no?;
– iioeiaeueia cia/aiiy aaee/eie caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino? ao?aeiiai
iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy AI? i-ai aeaeo ?ia?oieeaie a?eaaae j-ai oeio.
10
Iioeiaeueia cia/aiiy aaee/eie caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino? ao?aeiiai iioieo
aeey ??cieo iiiioiiii c?inoath/eo aaee/ei caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino?
ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy ?ia?o. Ca iioeiaeueia i?eeia?oueny
cia/aiiy caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino? ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy
?ia?o, aeey yeiai aaee/eia noia?ieo aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao ? i?i?iaeueiith.
Ia ?en. 2 iaaaaeaia caeaaei?noue aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao a?ae aaee/eie
caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino? iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy ?ia?o c io?oaaiiy no?i
? ia?aai?iaeie c oeaaee ? i?eeeaae aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? aaee/eie
caaaeaii? ?ioaineaiino? ao?aeiiai iioieo aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy oeueiai
aeaeo ?ia?o.
aecia/a?oueny ye
. (4)
Ieaioaaiiy iiiiaiaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueii? o??ie a
ia?niaeoea?, o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a, cae?enith?oueny a oiiaao eiee
a?aeiiee o?eueee iiaeeeaee ia?ae?e ia’?eo?a. O oeueiio aeiaaeeo aeieea?
iaiao?aei?noue aecia/aiiy ?aoe?iiaeueii? no?oeoo?e ?ia?oie/iai eieaeoeao
(ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo niaoe?aeueiinoae)
i?e iaiiai?e aeo?aei?e ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i ianyae AI? ca ?o aeaeaie.
?ica’ycaiiy oe??? caaea/? aeinyaa?oueny c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai
aia?aoo oai??? ?ai?. Aaeeeee ??ciiaeae ia’?eo?a, ye? iiaeooue aooe
aeeth/ai? aei ae?iaie/i? i?ia?aie ?ia?o, iaoiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue ?o
a?oioaaiiy. I?e oeueiio aeeiio?oueny ia?aa??ea iaeii??aeiino? a?oi
ia’?eo?a ?c canoinoaaiiyi a?aeiii? iaoiaeeee.
–
11
???. 2. ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????????
?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ? ??????????? ? ?????:
;
;
3 – ??????? ?????? S.
12
.
Aeo?aei? aeai? iiaeooue aooe a?aeia?aaeai? o aeaeyae? oaae. 1 (iao?eoe?
a?e).
Oaaeeoey 1
Aeo?aei? aeai? (iao?eoey a?e)
Oei no?oeoo?e A?oia ia’?eo?a
Iaeneioi
noiaioe?a
. I?e a?aenooiino? n?aeeiai? oi/ee ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/? ne?ae ooeaoe a
ci?oaieo no?aoaa?yo. A oeueiio aeiaaeeo, c iaoith aeei?enoaiiy
aiae?oe/ieo iaoiae?a, caaea/a caiaeeoueny aei aeaeyaeo, ui aeicaiey?
aeei?enoaoe neiieaen-iaoiae e?i?eiiai i?ia?aioaaiiy.
I?ney aeayeeo ia?aoai?aiue oe?eueiaa ooieoe?y ? iaiaaeaiiy iathoue aeae:
oe?eueiaa ooieoe?y
(5)
13
iaiaaeaiiy
(6)
– iaa?ae’?ii? ci?ii?.
) ia iaeiiai ?ia?oieea o aa?o?niiio ae?aaeaii? ca i?eeiyoo iaeeieoeth
/ano, ieae/a yei? oeae iieaciee ia iiaea aooe i?e aoaeue-yeiio, iaa?oue
iaeiaio ni?eyoeeaiio ni?aa?aeiioaii? ianya?a ??cieo aeae?a AI?.
I?iaaaeaia iioei?caoe?y oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueii?
o??ie ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiaeee aecia/aiiy e?eueeino? ?ia?oiee?a
??cieo niaoe?aeueiinoae, ye i?e a?aeiieo ianyaao ??cieo aeae?a AI?, oae
? a oiiaao iaiiaii? aeo?aeii? ?ioi?iaoe??, ni?ey? aeeiiaiith ae?iaie/i?
i?ia?aie c iaeiaioeie aeiiii?/ieie ao?aoaie.
CAAAEUeI? AENIIAEE
Aiae?c aeina?aeo aoae?aieoeoaa ? aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o
aoae?aaeueieo o??iao ?anioae?ee Oi?aao?? aeia?a, ui ia??aiii??i?noue
aeeiiaiiy ianya?a aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o ? iino?eiee aieea ia ieo
aeiaaeeiaeo oaeoi??a coiiaeththoue iayai?noue i?inoi?a o?iioo ?ia?o ?
?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae. Oea iaaaoeaii a?aeaeaa?oueny ia iaae?eiino?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aoae?aaeueieo o??i ? i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao.
14
2. I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a ? ciaioaiiy
aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao o aoae?aieoeoa?, ye i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue aeine?aeaeaiiy,
iiaea aooe aeinyaiooi oeyoii noai?aiiy iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaiiai ?aca?ao
oeeo ?ano?n?a i?e ?o oi?ioaaii? a aoae?aaeueieo o??iao.
3. Aiae?c e?oa?aoo?e, i?enay/aiee iaoiaeai oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
o aoae?aieoeoa?, aeia?a, ui o nai?e a?eueoino? aiie ci???ioiaai? ia
aeei?enoaiiy aeaoa?i?iiaaieo ioe?iie aoae?aaeueieo i?ioean?a. Aiie ia
a?aoiaothoue ?iia??iiniee oa?aeoa? aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia
ia?aaeaa/athoue ?aca?aoaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a c iaoith ciaioaiiy
?eceeo aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao aiane?aeie aeao?oeeoo
oeeo ?ano?n?a. Oaeee i?aeo?ae aei oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a ia
caaacia/o? iaae?ei?noue ooieoe?iioaaiiy aoae?aaeueieo o??i ?, ioaea,
i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao.
4. ?nioth/? iaoiaee oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, ye? a?aoiaothoue
?iia??iiniee oa?aeoa? aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, ci???ioiaai? ia
niaoeeo?eo ?icaeoeo iiooaeiinoae aoae?aaeueieo o??i ? oi?aae?iiy
aoae?aieoeoaii a oiiaao oeaio?ae?ciaaii? ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee oa
eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeaii? nenoaie ea??aieoeoaa, ye? a a?eueoino?
aeiaaee?a ia a?aoiaothoue i?aai?caoe?eii – oaoiieia?/i? oiiae aeeiiaiiy
aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao. Oea ia aeicaiey?
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?nioth/? iaoiaee aeey ?ic?aooieo aeiiii?/ii
iaa?oioiaaiiai ?aca?ao ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo niaoe?aeueiinoae i?e
oi?ioaaii? o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, ye?
ooieoe?iiothoue a oiiaao ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.
5. Aiae?c iniiaieo oa?aeoa?enoee i?ioeano aeeiiaiiy AI?, yeee i?iaaaeaii
c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee, i?aeoaa?aeea, ui oeae
i?ioean, a caeaaeiino? a?ae i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia aeeiiaiiy
?ia?o, iiaea aooe ai?ieneiiaaiee nenoaiith ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy c
ioannii?anueeei ao?aeiei iioieii iiae?e (?iciiae?eii aeiia ia aeeiiaiiy
AI?) ? aeniiiaioe?aeueiei iioieii ianeoaiaoaaiiy (?iciiae?eii /ano
aeeiiaiiy AI?) aai nenoaiith ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy c ioannii?anueeei
ao?aeiei iioieii iiae?e ? iioieii ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ui a?aeiia?aea? caeiio
A?eaiaa ae?oaiai aai o?aoueiai ii?yaeeo. Oea aeicaieeei iaa?oioiaaii
aecia/eoe ??ciiaeae nenoaie i?e aeei?enoaii? iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo
oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeey aecia/aiiy iniiaieo oa?aeoa?enoee
i?ioeano aeeiiaiiy AI? c iaoith eiai iioei?caoe??.
I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee ?ic?iaeoe iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaio
iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, yea
caaacia/o? a?aooaaiiy ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa ? niaoeeo?ee ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei, ui aeicaiey?:
15
aecia/aoe iioeiaeueio e?euee?noue ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth i?e a?aeiieo ianyaao AI? c o?aooaaiiyi
i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia ?o aeeiiaiiy. Oea aeinyaa?oueny c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy;
aecia/aoe iioeiaeueio e?euee?noue ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae ??cieo ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth a oiiaao iaiiaii? aeo?aeii? ?ioi?iaoe?? c aeei?enoaiiyi
iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai??? ?ai?.
7. Aenia?eiaioaeueia ia?aa??ea ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue a
aoae?aaeueieo o??iao na?ae/eoue i?i aeinoaoiuei aenieo aoaeoeai?noue
?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a. Io?eiai?
?acoeueoaoe ?? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo ieaioaaiiy iieacaee, ui
iioei?caoe?y oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao, c
o?aooaaiiyi i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia aeeiiaiiy AI?,
?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? niaoeeo?ee
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei, ni?eyea cieaeaiith nia?aa?oino? AI? ia 0,7 – 0,8 %.
Oea aeinyaaeinue caaaeyee ciaioaiith aeiiii?/ieo ao?ao, ui iia’ycai? ye
c i?inoi?i ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae a i/?eoaaii? o?iioo ?ia?o, oae ?
aiane?aeie i?inoith o?iioo ?ia?o /a?ac aeao?oeeo ?ia?oiee?a oeeo
a?eaaae.
8. ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c iioei?caoe?? oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
aoae?aaeueieo o??i iathoue caaaeueiiiaoiaee/iee oa?aeoa? ? iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao ??cieo oi?i aeaniino?.
9. Iiaeaeueo? aeine?aeaeaiiy a aaeoc? oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o
aoae?aieoeoa? iaiao?aeii iiaeeaethaaoe ? ?icaeaaoe a iai?yieo
oaeineiiaeaiiy:
iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy ?aoe?iiaeueiiai i?ioan?eii-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiai
neeaaeo ?ia?oiee?a a?eaaae i?e caaaeaii? ??cieo a?oi ia’?eo?a c
o?aooaaiiyi i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia aeeiiaiiy AI? oa
?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa;
iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoi?/ieo caoiae?a ii i?aeaeuaiith
aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o aoae?aaeueieo o??iao c
o?aooaaiiyi ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa.
IOAE?EAOe?? II OAI? AeENA?OAOe??:
1. Aean N. Aiae?c i?e/ei oo?aoe ?iai/iai /ano a aoae?aieoeoa? ( ( Oeyoe
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa a oiiaao oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei.-E.:EAeOOAA.-1996.-N.53-55.
Aean N. I?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eiino? ieaioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a o
aoae?aieoeoa? ( ( Oeyoe i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa a oiiaao
oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. -Aei.2. -E.: EAeOOAA.-1997.-C.151-152.
16
3. Aecia/aiiy iio?aae aoae?aaeueii? o??ie o o?oaeiaeo ?ano?nao a oiiaao
iaaecia/aiino? ( ( Oeyoe i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa a oiiaao
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. -Aei.4- E.: EAeOOAA.-1998.-N.221-223.
Aean N. Oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueii? o??ie ( ( Oeyoe
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa a oiiaao ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei. – Aei. 4.- E.: EAeOOAA.-1998.-N.223-225.
AIIOAOe?ss
Aean N. I?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a
a aoae?aaeueieo o??iao (ia i?eeeaae? aoae?aaeueieo o??i ?anioae?ee
Oi?aao??). – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.06.01. – Aeiiii?ea i?aei?e?inoaa oa i?aai?caoe?y
ae?iaieoeoaa (oaoi?/i? iaoee). – Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao
aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e, Ee?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ?ic?iaoe? iiaeaeae ? aeai?eoi?a aecia/aiiy
iioeiaeueii? iio?aae o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aeey aeeiiaiiy i?ia?aie ?ia?o
aoae?aaeueii? o??ie c o?aooaaiiyi i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ieo oiia
aeeiiaiiy aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o, ?iia??iiniiai oa?aeoa?o
aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? niaoeeo?ee ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. Oi?ioaaiiy
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a aoae?aaeueii? o??ie i?iiiio?oueny cae?enithaaoe c
o?aooaaiiyi iioeiaeueiiai ?o ?aca?aoaaiiy. Iioeiaeueio iio?aao o
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?nao aoae?aaeueii? o??ie i?e a?aeiieo ianyaao ??cieo
aeae?a aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaeieo ?ia?o i?iiiio?oueny aecia/aoe c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai??? ianiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, a a
oiiaao iaiiaii? aeo?aeii? ?ioi?iaoe?? ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo oai??? ?ai? ? e?i?eiiai i?ia?aioaaiiy. ?acoeueoaoe
?iaioe ciaeoee ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a aoae?aaeueieo o??iao.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: o?oaeia? ?ano?ne, aoae?aaeueia o??ia,
aoae?aaeueii-iiioaaei? ?iaioe, i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? oiiae,
?iia??iiniee oa?aeoa? aoae?aaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, ?eieia? a?aeiineie,
iioeiaeueia ?aca?aoaaiiy, aeiiii?ei – iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaethaaiiy.
AIIIOAOeEss
Aean N. I?aaiecaoeeiiii – oaoiieiae/aneea iniiau oi?ie?iaaiey o?oaeiauo
?ano?nia a no?ieoaeueiuo oe?iao (ia i?eia?a no?ieoaeueiuo oe?i
?anioaeeee Oi?aaoey). – ?oeiienue.
17
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.06.01. – Yeiiiieea i?aaei?eyoey e i?aaiecaoeey
i?iecaiaenoaa (oaoie/aneea iaoee). – Eeaaneee iaoeeiiaeueiue oieaa?neoao
no?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?u, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?ac?aaioea iiaeaeae e aeai?eoiia ii?aaeaeaiey
iioeiaeueiie iio?aaiinoe o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia aeey auiieiaiey i?ia?aiiu
?aaio no?ieoaeueiie oe?iu, iaania/eaathueo o/ao
i?aaiecaoeeiiii – oaoiieiae/aneeo oneiaee auiieiaiey
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio, aa?iyoiinoiiai oa?aeoa?a no?ieoaeueiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa e niaoeeoeee ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee eae i?e ecaanoiuo iauaiao
?aaio, oae e a oneiaeyo iaiieiie enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia a no?ieoaeueiie oe?ia i?aaeeaaaaony
inouanoaeyoue n o/aoii iioeiaeueiiai eo ?aca?ae?iaaiey.
Iioeiaeueioth iio?aaiinoue ?aai/eo a?eaaae ?acee/iuo niaoeeaeueiinoae
aeey auiieiaiey i?ia?aiiu ?aaio no?ieoaeueiie oe?iu i?e ecaanoiuo
iauaiao ?acee/iuo aeaeia no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio i?aaeeaaaaony
ii?aaeaeyoue n eniieueciaaieai iaoaiaoe/aneiai aiia?aoa oai?ee ianniaiai
ianeoaeeaaiey. Iainiiaaia aiciiaeiinoue aii?ieneiaoeee i?ioeanna
auiieiaiey no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio nenoaiie ianniaiai
ianeoaeeaaiey, aaea o?aaiaaieyie yaeythony ?acee/iua aeaeu
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio, a eaiaeaie ianeoaeeaaiey yaeythony
?aai/ea a?eaaae ?acee/iuo niaoeeaeueiinoae. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi a
niioaaonoaee n iiiyoeyie, i?eiyouie a oai?ee ianniaiai ianeoaeeaaiey,
i?ioeann auiieiaiey no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio iiaeao auoue
aii?ieneie?iaai iaeiieaiaeueiie eee iiiaieaiaeueiie nenoaiie ianniaiai
ianeoaeeaaiey n aaneiia/iui enoi/ieeii o?aaiaaiee ia ianeoaeeaaiea,
ia?aie/aiiui /eneii iano ia ianeoaeeaaiea e “oa?iaeeauie” cayaeaie. Ia
iniiaa aiaeeca, n i?eiaiaieai iaoiaeia iaoaiaoe/aneie noaoenoeee,
onoaiiaeaii, /oi, a caaeneiinoe io ?ani?aaeaeaiey o?aaiaaiee ia
auiieiaiea no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio (aoiaeyuaai iioiea niauoee) e
?ani?aaeaeaiey a?aiaie auiieiaiey no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio (iioiea
ianeoaeeaaiey), i?ioeann auiieiaiey no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio iiaeao
auoue aii?ieneie?iaai iaeiie ec neaaeothueo ?aciiaeaeiinoae nenoai
ianniaiai ianeoaeeaaiey: n ioanniiianeei aoiaeyuei iioieii niauoee e
yeniiiaioeeaeueiui iioieii ianeoaeeaaiey; n ioanniiianeei aoiaeyuei
iioieii niauoee e iioieii ianeoaeeaaiey, niioaaonoaothuei
?ani?aaeaeaieth Y?eaiaa aoi?iai ii?yaeea; n ioanniiianeei aoiaeyuei
iioieii niauoee e iioieii ianeoaeeaaiey, niioaaonoaothuei
?ani?aaeaeaieth Y?eaiaa o?aoueaai ii?yaeea. Onoaiiaeaiiua ?aciiaeaeiinoe
nenoai ianniaiai ianeoaeeaaiey,
18
aii?ieneie?othuea i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoiieiae/aneea oneiaey i?ioeanna
auiieiaiey no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio ?acee/iuo aeaeia, iicaieytho
ii?aaeaeeoue iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee yoiai i?ioeanna (n?aaeiaa a?aiy
i?inoiy o?iioa ?aaio e n?aaeiaa a?aiy i?inoiy ?aai/eo a?eaaae a
iaeeaeaiee o?iioa ?aaio).
Iainiiaaia iaiaoiaeeiinoue oi?ie?iaaiey o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia a
no?ieoaeueiie oe?ia i?e ecaanoiuo iauaiao ?acee/iuo aeaeia
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio ia iniiaa ii?aaeaeaiey iioeiaeueiiai
eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo a?eaaae ?acee/iuo niaoeeaeueiinoae aeey auiieiaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu ?aaio enoiaey ec iioeiaeueiie aaee/eiu
i?eaaaeaiiie eioaineaiinoe iioiea o?aaiaaiee ia auiieiaiea eaaeaeiai
aeaea ?aaio, /oi iicaieyao iaania/eoue iioeiaeueiue ?aca?a o?oaeiauo
?ano?nia, niinianoaothuee nieaeaieth yeiiiie/aneeo iioa?ue no?ieoaeueiie
oe?iu. Iioeiaeueiia eiee/anoai ?aai/eo a?eaaae ?acee/iuo
niaoeeaeueiinoae i?aaeeaaaaony ii?aaeaeyoue eae ioiioaiea eiee/anoaa
?aai/eo, ?ann/eoaiiiai enoiaey ec ii?iaoeaiie o?oaeiaieinoe
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio, e iioeiaeueiie aaee/eia i?eaaaeaiiie
eioaineaiinoe iioiea o?aaiaaiee ia auiieiaiea ?aaio niioaaonoaothuaai
aeaea. A iniiao aeai?eoia ii?aaeaeaiey iioeiaeueiiai cia/aiey
i?eaaaeaiiie eioaineaiinoe iioiea o?aaiaaiee ia auiieiaiea
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio iieiaeaia ieieiecaoeey iioa?ue
no?ieoaeueiie oe?iu a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee, naycaiiuo eae n i?inoiai
o?iioa ?aaio ec-ca aeaoeoeeoa o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia, oae e n i?inoiai
?aai/eo a?eaaae a iaeeaeaiee o?iioa ?aaio.
?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea ii?aaeaeaiey iioeiaeueiiai eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo
a?eaaae ?acee/iuo niaoeeaeueiinoae aeey auiieiaiey i?ia?aiiu ?aaio
no?ieoaeueiie oe?iu i?e iaiieiie enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee (iaecaanoiuo
iauaiao no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio ii eo aeaeai) ia iniiaa i?eiaiaiey
iaoaiaoe/aneiai aiia?aoa oai?ee ea? e eeiaeiiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey. A
?acoeueoaoa ?aoaiey caaea/e, i?e ecaanoiii ia ieaie?oaiue ia?eiae iauai
iauaia no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee, iiaeao
auoue ii?aaeaeaii eiee/anoai ?aai/eo a?eaaae ?acee/iuo niaoeeaeueiinoae,
a oaeaea aaee/eia n?aaeiae au?aaioee ia iaeiiai ?aai/aai a noieiinoiii
au?aaeaiee ca i?eiyooth aaeeieoeo a?aiaie, ieaea eioi?ie yoio
iieacaoaeue ia iiaeao auoue i?e ethaii, aeaaea iaeiaiaa aeaaii?eyoiii,
niioiioaiee iauaiia ?acee/iuo aeaeia no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio.
Iioeiecaoeey oi?ie?iaaiey o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia a no?ieoaeueiie oe?ia ia
iniiaa ?ac?aaioaiiuo iaoiaeee ii?aaeaeaiey iioeiaeueiiai eiee/anoaa
?aai/eo a?eaaae ?acee/iuo niaoeeaeueiinoae, eae i?e ecaanoiuo iauaiao
19
?acee/iuo aeaeia no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio, oae e a oneiaeyo
iaiieiie enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee, niinianoaoao auiieiaieth
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu n iaeiaiueoeie yeiiiie/aneeie iioa?yie.
?acoeueoaou ?aaiou iaoee aiaae?aiea a no?ieoaeueiuo oe?iao.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu, no?ieoaeueiay oe?ia,
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiua ?aaiou, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoiieiae/aneea oneiaey,
aa?iyoiinoiue oa?aeoa? no?ieoaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ?uii/iua ioiioaiey,
iioeiaeueiia ?aca?ae?iaaiea, yeiiiieei-iaoaiaoe/aneia iiaeaee?iaaiea.
ABSTRACT
Glas S. Organizational and technological principles of labour resources
formation for civil engineering firms (taking civil engineering firms of
the Republic of Croatia as an example) — Manuscript.
Thesis for the degree of Ph.D. in Engineering, speciality: 08.06.01.
—Business Economics and Management (Engineering) —Kyiv National
University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, 1999.
The thesis is dedicated to development of models and algorithms of
determination of optimum labour resources requirements for
implementation of the program of work of a civil engineering firm which
provides accounting of organizational and technological conditions for
performance of construction and erection work, probabilistic nature of
construction and principles of market relations. It is proposed to form
labour resources for a civil engineering firm with consideration of
their optimum reservation. It is suggested to determine the optimum
labour resources of a civil engineering firm with specified scope of
different kinds of construction and erection work by using mathematical
apparatus of the waiting line theory, and mathematical apparatus of the
games and linear programming theories with incomplete initial
information. The results of the work have found practical use by civil
engineering firm.
Key-words: labour resources, civil engineering firm, construction and
erection work, organizational and technological conditions,
probabilistic nature of construction, market relations, optimum
reservation, economic-mathematical modelling.
2
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