INOEOOO CA?IIAIAI AINIIAeA?NOAA
OE?AINUeEI AEAAeAI AA?A?IEO IAOE
OAeE 633.11:681.8:631.581
NOAAETHE Aiae?e Aaneeueiae/
IAeAEUAIIss I?IAeOEOEAIINO OA ssEINO CA?IA
OAA?AeI ss?I IOAIEOe A NOAIO OE?AIE
06.01.09 — ?ineeiieoeoai
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa neuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe
Aeii?iiao?ianuee – 1999
Aeena?oaoeth ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a inoeooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?ainueei aeaaeai
aa?a?ieo iaoe a 1995-1997 ??.
Iaoeiaee ea?aiee: aeieoi? neuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
noa?oee
iaoeiaee nia?iaoiee AeAIOAA Eaiiae Oaioaiiae/, inoeooo ca?iiaiai
ainiiaea?noaa OAAI, caaaeoaa/ aaeaeeii oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy iceii
ioaieoe
Iooeei iiiiaioe: aeieoi? neuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
i?ioani?
OEAE* ai? Aeieo?iae/, inoeooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa, caaaeoaa/
eaai?aoi? oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?eo ca?iiaeo ieeieo eoeueoo?
eaiaeeaeao neuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee nia?iaoiee
OAAAOIA Aaiaii Aaneeueiae/, Eoaainueeee inoeooo aa?ii?i-ieneiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, caaaeoaa/ eaai?aoi? ?ineeiieoeoaa
I?iaaeia onoaiiaa: Aeii?iiao?ianueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee
oiaa?-neoao, eaoaae?a ?ineeiieoeoaa, i. Aeii?iiao?ianuee
Caoeno aaeaoaeaoueny “24”_09_ 1999 ?. i ___ 13 ia canaeaii
niaoeaeciaaii a/aii ?aaee Ae 08.353.01 i?e inoeooo ca?iiaiai
ainiiaea?noaa OAAI. Ca aae?anith 320027, i. Aeii?iiao?ianuee, 27,
aoe. Aeca?aeeinueeiai, 14; oaeaoii 45-02-36.
C aeena?oaoeth iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o aaeioaoe inoeoooo ca?iiaiai
ainiiaea?noaa OAAI.
Aaeaoee ia aaoi?aoa?ao i?ineii iaaeneeaoe a aeaio i?ei?ieeao,
canaae/aieo ia/aoeith ca aae?anith: 320027, i. Aeii?iiao?ianuee, aoe.
Aeca?aeeinueeiai, 14, inoeooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?icneaiee “17”_08_
1999?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoeaeciaaii
a/aii ?aaee
___________________ A?otho I.Ae.
#1. OAeE 633.11:559
#2. Iaoeiaee nooiiue – eaiaeeaeao.
#3. Aaeocue iaoee – neuenueea ainiiaea?noai.
#4. Oeo? niaoeaeueiino ca ia?aeeii – 06.01.09.
#5. Iacaa niaoeaeueiino ca ia?aeeii – ?ineeiieoeoai.
#6.1. Eeth/ia neiaa oe?ainueeith iiaith: y?a ioaieoey, ioaioaineaia
oaoiieiay ae?iuoaaiiy, aeia?eaa, caoeno ?ineei, ii?ie aenao,
i?iaeoeoeainoue ?ineei, yenoue ya?ia.
#6.2. Eeth/ia neiaa ?inenueeith iiaith: y?iaay ioaieoea, eioaineaiay
oaoiieiaey au?aueaaiey, oaeia?aiey, caueoa ?anoaiee, ii?iu aunaaa,
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue ?anoaiee, ea/anoai ca?ia.
#6.3. Eeth/ia neiaa aiaeenueeith iiaith: spring wheat, intensive growing
technology, fertilizers, chemical plant protection, seeding rates, grain
yielding ability, grain quality.
#7. Iacaa aeena?oaoe. Iaeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino oa yeino ca?ia oaa?aei
y?i ioaieoe a Noaio Oe?aie.
#8. Iacaa onoaiiae, aea aaeaoaeaoueny caoeno aeena?oaoe. inoeooo
ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI.
#9. Inoi, ?e caoenoo. Aeii?iiao?ianuee, 1999.
#10. I?caeua, iy, ii aaoueeia caeiaoaa/a. Noaaethe Aiae?e Aaneeueiae/.
#11. ?e ia?iaeaeaiiy caeiaoaa/a. 1964.
#12. Noaoue caeiaoaa/a. *ieia/a
#13. Inoea ?iaioe, iinaaea. ENI “*a?aiiee ia?oecai”, aieiaiee
aa?iiii.
#14.1. Aiioaoey oe?ainueeith iiaith.
Noaaethe A.A. Iaeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino oa yeino ca?ia oaa?aei y?i
ioaieoe a Noaio Oe?aie. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoey ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
neuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoeaeueinoth 06.01.09 –
?ineeiieoeoai. – inoeooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI. Aeii?iiao?ianuee,
1999 ?.
Aeineaeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue o 1995-1997 ??. i?e aeinoaoiuei oe?ieiio
aeaiacii ciie iiaiaeieo oiia. Anoaiiaeai iniaeeaino ?inoo, ?icaeoeo oa
oi?ioaaiiy a?iaeath ca?ia y?i ioaieoe a Noaio a caeaaeiino aae aeic
acioieo aeia?ea, oi/ieo caoiaea caoenoo ?ineei oa ii?i aenao. Aecia/ai
iioeiaeuei aeice acioieo aeia?ea i?e ae?iuoaaii y?i ioaieoe. ?ic?iaeai
aoaeoeai caoiaee caoenoo ?ineei aae ao?yia oa oeaeieea. Aecia/ai
iioeiaeuei ii?ie aenao, iaa?oioiaaia o aeiiii/ia aeioeeueinoue.
?ic?iaeai iioeiaeuei ii?ie aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy, ioaineaiino canaithaaiiy
acioo, oinoi?o eaeth a e?eoe/i oace ?icaeoeo, i?e yeeo iaeaeueo iiaii
?aaecooueny iioaioeae i?iaeoeoeaiino ni?oo oa oi?iooueny yenoue ca?ia.
?aeiiaiaeothoueny e?au iiaeae oaoiieia aeey ainiiaea?noa c ?ciei ?aiai
?ano?nicaaacia/aiiy.
#14.2. Aiioaoey ?inenueeith iiaith.
Noaaethe A.A. Iiauoaiea i?iaeoeoeaiinoe e ea/anoaa ca?ia oaa?aeie y?iaie
ioaieoeu a Noaie Oe?aeiu. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.09 –
?anoaieaaiaenoai. – Einoeooo ca?iiaiai oicyenoaa OAAI,
Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999.
Enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeeeenue a 1995-1997 aa. i?e aeinoaoi/ii oe?ieii
aeeaiaciia eciaiaiey iiaiaeiuo oneiaee. Eco/aiu iniaaiiinoe ?inoa,
?acaeoey e oi?ie?iaaiey o?iaeay ca?ia y?iaie ioaieoeu a caaeneiinoe io
aeic acioiuo oaeia?aiee, oeie/aneeo i?eaiia caueou ?anoaiee e ii?i
aunaaa. Onoaiiaeaia oaeaea aeeiaieea iaeiieaiey nooiai aauanoaa a
y?iaie ioaieoea. Ii?aaeaeaiu iioeiaeueiua niiniau e aeicu aianaiey
acioiuo oaeia?aiee, ioeaiaia eo ieoiaaiinoue ca?iii, aaeeii e
eeaeeiaeiie. Oniaa?oainoaiaaiu nenoaiu caueou ?anoaiee io ni?iyeia e
a?aaeeoaeae a caaeneiinoe io niiniaia e aeic aianaiey acioiuo
oaeia?aiee. Ii?aaeaeaiu iioeiaeueiua ii?iu aunaaa, iainiiaaia eo
yeiiiie/aneay e aeiyia?aaoe/aneay oeaeaniia?aciinoue. ?ac?aaioaiu
iioeiaeueiua ia?aiao?u aiaeiiio?aaeaiey, a oaeaea eioaineaiinoue
?anoiaea ii/aaiiie aeaae ii ia?eiaeai aaaaoaoeee a caaeneiinoe io aeic
acioiuo oaeia?aiee e aeae?ioa?ie/aneeo oneiaee aiaea. Onoaiiaeaiu
iio?aaiinoe acioa, oinoi?a e eaeey a e?eoe/aneea oacu ?acaeoey, i?e
eioi?uo iaania/eaaaony iaeaieaa iieiay ?aaeecaoeey iioaioeeaea
i?iaeoeoeaiinoe ni?oa e oi?ie?iaaiey iieacaoaeae ea/anoaa ca?ia.
Aaaaeaiu eiyooeoeeaiou ei??aeyoeeiiiie caaeneiinoe iaaeaeo o?iaeaai e
niaea?aeaieai acioa a ?anoaieyo ii anai oacai ?acaeoey y?iaie ioaieoeu,
i?e eioi?uo iaeaieaa iieii ?aaeecoaony aeieiae/aneee iioaioeeae yoie
eoeueoo?u. Ii?aaeaeai auiin y?iaie ioaieoeae iniiaiuo yeaiaioia ieoaiey.
Onoaiiaeaiu caeiiiia?iinoe nicaeaiey aunieii?iaeoeoeaiuo aa?ioeaiicia e
aiciiaeiinoue eo ei??aeoeee a caaeneiinoe io aeic aianaiey ieia?aeueiuo
oaeia?aiee, iiaiaeiuo oneiaee a ia?eiae aaaaoaoeee e iaania/aiiinoe
?anoaiee iniiaiuie oaeoi?aie aeecie.
Ii?aaeaeaiu acaeiinayce iaaeaeo iniiaiuie iaoai?ieiae/aneeie oaeoi?aie e
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth oaiioac ?acaeoey ?anoaiee. ?ac?aaioaiu i?eaiu
ai?ueau n a?aaeeoaeyie e ni?iie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth a iinaaao y?iaie
ioaieoeu. Aeaia ioeaiea, n yeiiiie/aneie e aeiyia?aaoe/aneie oi/ae
c?aiey, yooaeoeaiinoe iiaeaeae oaoiieiaee aicaeaeuaaiey y?iaie ioaieoeu
n ?acee/iui o?iaiai ianuuaiey acioiuie oaeia?aieyie. Aia?aua a naaa?iie
iiaeciia Noaie Oe?aeiu auyaeaiu iniaaiiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey ea/anoaaiiiai
ca?ia y?iaie ioaieoeu a caaeneiinoe io niiniaia e aeic aianaiey acioiuo
oaeia?aiee e oeie/aneeo n?aaenoa caueou iinaaia. Ii?aaeaeaia
nouanoaaiiay ?acieoea a onaiaiee yeaiaioia ieia?aeueiiai ieoaiey
?anoaieyie y?iaie ioaieoeu e iao/ii iainiiaaiu iniaaiiinoe oaoiieiaee aa
au?aueaaiey.
#14.3. Aiioaoey aiaeenueeith iiaith.
Steblyuk A.V. Increasing yielding ability and grain quality of solid
spring wheat in the Ukrainian Steppe.
Thesis to be defended on candidate’s scientific degree in the speciality
06.01.09 – Plant industry. A manuscript. – UAAS Institute of Grain
Farming. – Dniepropetrovsk, 1999.
In the field trials conducted during 1995 to 1997 under different
weather conditions the main trents in spring wheat growth, development
and grain yield and quality formation have bern studies as influenced by
nitrogen fertilizer rates, chemical means of plant protection and
seeding rate. The optimum perameters of all the positions under
investigations are elaborated end scientifically substantiated from
economical point of virw. Those permit to fully realize the yielding
potential as well as ensure high grain quality of the commercial spring
wheat varieties in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The best technological
models of spring wheat growing for the farms with different level of
resource security are recommended.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeueinoue oaie. I?iaeaia caeueoaiiy i?iaeiaieue/iai ca?ia a Oe?ai ,
cie?aia, a noaiiaiio ?aaii ae?oooueny aieiaiei /eiii oeyoii iaeaeuaiiy
a?iaeaeiino iceii ioaieoe.
Ia i?ioyc aeaio inoaiio aeanyoe?/, ia aaeiio aae iceii ioaieoe,
i?aeoe/ii ia i?eaeeyeinue oaaae aaeineiiaeaiith oa ?ic?iaoe iiaeo
aeaiaioa oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe ia oeueee a Noaio, aea a
oeeiio ia Oe?ai. Aeineaeaeaiiyie i?iaaeieo a/aieo (Ai?eniiee C.A., Aieee
A.N., 1977; Eino?iieoei A.I., A?eiaa A.I., 1989; Ei/aaa?iaa I.O., Aieeia
A.Ae., 1992; Oaaaoia A.A., Oiea?aiei A.I., Aa?aiianueeee I.A., 1996;
Aeoaiaee A.., 1996) aeyaeaii, ui oey eoeueoo?a aeineoue /ooeeaa ia
aeia?ee aa?ioii, a ca?ii ia aenie oeaiiaea?nuee aeanoeaino.
Caaacia/aiiy iio?aa ianaeaiiy e?aie o aenieiyeniiio ca?i, i?eaeaoiiai
aeey oeaiiaea?nueeiai oa iaea?iiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, iiaeeeaa ia oeueee ca
?aooiie ?icoe?aiiy ieiu iae y?ith ioaieoeath, aea , ia?o ca ana,
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo oaoiieiae c iioaioeaeii a?iaeath 40-50 oe/aa. Oiio
aeineaeaeaiiy ii ?ic?iaoe aaeineiiaeaiith ciiaeueieo oaoiieiae
ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe a cii Noaio aeey ni?oa c aenieei iioaioeaeii
i?iaeoeoeaiino c a?aooaaiiyi aeiiii/ii oa aiaia?aaoe/ii aeioeeueiino
ae?iaieoeoaa, aac noiiao, ia?niaeoeaieie oa aeooaeueieie.
Caycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Iaoeia
?ic?iaee, ocaaaeueiai o aeena?oaoe, aoee neeaaeiaith /anoeiith oaiieaio
inoeoooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI aeeiioaaeenue ca aea?aeaaiith
eiiieaeniith i?ia?aiith “I?iaeiaieuenoai”, i?iaeoii “Ca?ii”, a oaeiae
caaaeaiiyi 01.05 IOI “Ca?iia ieei eoeueoo?e” ia 1996-2000 ??.,
iaei?ia?aie “Oaoiieiay ae?iuoaaiiy ca?iiaeo ieeieo eoeueoo? a cii
Noaio”, N ae. ?. 01870042489.
Iaoa oa caaaeaiiy aeineaeaeaiue. ?ic?iaeoe oa aaeineiiaeeoe iiaeaeue
oaoiieia ae?iaieoeoaa ca?ia y?i oaa?aei ioaieoe aeey ciie Noaio, yea
iiaea aooe i?eaeaoiith aeey ainiiaea?noa c ?ciei ?aiai caaacia/aiiy
?ano?naie aecia/eoe e?au, aeiiii/ii aeioeeuei caoiaee aeey iaea?aeaiiy
aenieiyeniiai ca?ia. Ia?aaeaa/aeinue ae?oaiiy neaeoth/eo caaaeaiue:
– aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei niiniae oa aeice aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea iae y?o
ioaieoeth, ioeieoe o ieoiinoue ca?iii, aeeii oa eeaeeiaeiith;
– aaeineiiaeeoe nenoaio caoenoo ?ineei aae ao?yia oa oeaeieea caeaaeii
aae niiniaa aeic aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea;
– aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei ii?ie aenao, iaa?oiooaaoe o aeiiii/io
aeioeeueinoue;
– ?ic?iaeoe iioeiaeuei ia?aiao?e aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy, ioaineaiino
canaithaaiiy acioo, oinoi?o eaeth a e?eoe/i oace ?icaeoeo, i?e yeeo
iaeaeueo iiaii ?aaecooueny iioaioeae i?iaeoeoeaiino ni?oo oa oi?iooueny
aeniea yenoue ca?ia;
– aecia/eoe acaiicaeaaeiino iae iniiaieie iaoai?ieia/ieie oaeoi?aie
oa o?eaaenoth oaiioac ?icaeoeo ?ineei oi?ioaaiiyi yeino ca?ia y?i
ioaieoe;
– ioeieoe c aeiiii/ii oa aiaia?aaoe/ii oi/ie ci?o aoaeoeainoue iiaeaeae
oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe c ?ciei ?aiai canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea oa
ianoeoeeaea;
– aecia/eoe aieea iiaeaeae ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe ia iiaeeeanoue oiiae
iaea?aeaiiy a iai/ie iaecii Noaio ca?ia I-II eeano.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeineiaeaeaiue. Aia?oa, a iai/ie iaecii Noaio Oe?aie,
aeyaeai iniaeeaino oi?ioaaiiy yeniiai ca?ia y?i ioaieoe a caeaaeiino aae
niiniaa, aeic aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea oi/ieo caniaa caoenoo iinaa.
Aecia/aia noioia ?cieoey a canaiii aeaiaioa iia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy
?ineeiaie y?i ioaieoe oa iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai iniiai aeaiaioe oaoiieia
ae?iuoaaiiy. Anoaiiaeai iioeiaeuei ii?ie aenao oe eoeueoo?e.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoaoia iieyaa a oiio, ui
cai?iiiiiaai aei ai?iaaaeaeaiiy e?au iiaeae ioaineaii oaoiieia
ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe, iniaeeanoth yeeo aianaiiy 150 ea/aa NPK, a
oiio /ene acioo 60 ea iae aeiiinaio eoeueoeaaoeth aai a ?yaeee, ?60E30
iae iniiaiee ia?iaoie a?oioo oa canoinoaaiiy caniaa caoenoo ?ineei.
Aeacaia iiaeaeue caaacia/o iaea?aeaiiy 129-139 a?i/aa oiiaii /enoiai
i?eaooeo. I?e iaaeinoaoiueiio ?ano?nicaaacia/aii ainiiaea?noa i?eaooie
aae canoinoaaiiy aia?aicaa?aath/i oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe iiaea
neeaaeaoe 51-95 a?i/aa. Iiaeaeue oaoiieia, yea a iaoeo aeineaeao
caaacia/eea iaeneiaeueio ?aaecaoeth iioaioeaeo y?i ioaieoe,
ai?iaaaeaeoaaeanue a ENI “*a?aiiee ia?oecai” Oiiaeanueeiai ?aeiio
Aeii?iiao?ianueei iaeano ia ieiu 50 aa caaacia/eea io?eiaiiy o?iaeath
ca?ia ia ?ai 23,2 oe/aa neeueii ioaieoe ni?oo Oa?eanueea 37. Aeiiii/iee
aoaeo aeaii oaoiieia, ii?aiyii c i?eeiyoith a ainiiaea?noa, noaiiaea 62
a?i/aa.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa a naiinoeiiio aiaec niaoeaeueii
eoa?aoo?e c noaio aea/aiiy i?iaeaie, ?ic?iaoe i?ia?aie, i?iaaaeaii
iieueiaeo niinoa?aaeaiue, a oaeiae a aaciina?aaeie o/ano a ocaaaeueiaii
?acoeueoaoa aeineaeaeaiue iaienaii aeena?oaoeeii ?iaioe.
Ai?iaaoeiy ?acoeueoaoa aeena?oaoe. ?acoeueoaoe aeineaeaeaiue
aeiiiaaeaeenue ia Iaeia?iaeie iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ie eiioa?aioe “Aioie 95”
(Aeii?iiao?ianuee, aa?anaiue, 1995, AeOO). A 1995-1997 ??. ?acoeueoaoe
aeineaeaeaiue aeiiiaaeaeenue ia iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo ?aaeao inoeoooo
ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI oaeoee a ?aeiiaiaeaoe ii oaoiieia
ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe a Aeii?iiao?ianueee iaeano.
Ioaeieaoei? ?acoeueoaoia aeineiaeaeaiue. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeineaeaeaiue
iioaeeiaaii 5 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, a oiio /ene 3 noaoo a iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao
oa 2 oace iaeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioee.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoeeii ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoeiy aeeeaaeaia ia 145
noi?ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, aeeth/a 47 oaaeeoeue, 3 iaethiee, 5
aeiaeaoea. Neeaaeaoueny c caaaeueii oa?aeoa?enoeee ?iaioe, oanoe
?icaeea, aeniiaea oa i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoee. Nienie aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae ioiieth 236 iaeiaioaaiue, a oiio /ene 14 iicaiieo aaoi?a.
CINO ?IAIOE
O ia?oiio ?icaee iaaiaeeoueny ei?ioeee aiaec ?acoeueoaoa aeineaeaeaiue
ao/eciyieo oa ca?oaaeieo a/aieo ii aea/aiith aieeao iniiaieo aeaiaioa
oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy (oaeia?aiiy oi/iiai caoenoo) ia o?iaeaeinoue oa
yenoue ca?ia y?i oaa?aei ioaieoe
?icaee 2 Oiiae iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy aeineaeaeaiue. Iiaeaoueny
oa?aeoa?enoeea iiaiaeieo oa a?oioiaeo oiia, iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy
iieueiaeo oa eaai?aoi?ieo aeineaeaeaiue niinoa?aaeaiue.
Aeineaeaeaiiy c y?ith ioaieoeath i?iaiaeeeeny i?ioyaii 1995-1997 ??. a
ENI “*a?aiiee ia?oecai” Oiiaeanueeiai ?aeiio Aeii?iiao?ianueei iaeano a
Aeineaeiiio ainiiaea?noa inoeoooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI. Iaeoii
aeineaeaeaiue aoa ?aeiiiaaiee aeey Noaio ni?o oaa?aei y?i ioaieoe
Oa?eanueea 37.
A?oioe Aeineaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa – /i?iicaie cae/aei iaeiaoioni
aaaeeinoaeeieia c aaeiaei ainoii a i?iiio oa? (0-30 ni) aoiono –
3,5-4,0; acioo – 0,18-0,20 oinoi?o – 0,12%. Caaacia/ainoue o ?ooiiei
oinoi?ii iaeaeuaia (?2I5 ii *e?eeiao – 100-150 ia/ea). Iaiiiiai eaeth
(E2I) a i?iiio oa? – 250-300 ia/ea. A?oioia aiaee caeyaathoue ia aeeaei
8-12 i.
ENI “*a?aiiee ia?oecai” ?icoaoiaaiee ia aaenoai 50 ei ia iaaeaiue aae
Aeineaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa. A?oioe – /i?iicaie cae/aei iaeiaoioni
aaaeeinoaeeieia c ainoii aoiono – 4,3%.
Eeiao ?aeiio oa?aeoa?ecooueny iaaeinoaoii oa ianoeeei caieiaeaiiyi,
oieiaeiith iaeiniaeiith ceiith c /anoeie aaeeeaaie, a oaeiae iinooith
aaniith aeoeo. A ia?iae aeineaeaeaiue eiaeai c 3-o ?iea aaecia/aany
nai?aeinoth iiaiaeieo oiia, ye cia/ii aieeaaee ia ?no ?icaeoie ?ineei
y?i ioaieoe. Iniaeeanoth aaaaoaoeeiiai ia?iaeo 1995 ?ieo aoei iaaei?ia
caieiaeaiiy o ia?iae I-V aoaia i?aaiiaaiaco. AOE aoa ia ?ai 1,0, ui ia
1,2 ieae/a ii?ie, oea, a oeeiio, ni?eyei cia/iiio iaeaeuaiith
ioaineaiino eouiiy ?ineei. Oaiea, nooa iiaiaea a ia?iae iaeeao
aeic?aaiiy ca?iaee iaaaoeaii aieeioea ia oi?ioaaiiy ?aiy a?iaeaeiino
ioaieoe.
A 1996 ?ioe, o ii?aiyii c 1995, ?aaiue ?aaecaoe ni?oiaiai iioaioeaeo
y?i ioaieoe aoa cia/ii ieae/ei. Ca aaaaoaoeth noia aeoeaieo oaiia?aoo?
aoea aeuith, oiio AOE o an ia?iaee ?inoo ioaieoe aoa aeoaea iecueeei
noaiiaea a ia?iae IV-V aoaia i?aaiiaaiaco 0,9, ia VI-VII – 0,7 i?e ii?i
3,5 3,0 iae., ui a ?acoeueoao iaoiiaeei cia/iee iaaeia? a?iaeath ca?ia.
A 1997 ?ioe noia aeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? aoea aeuith ia 10 iN, a eeueenoue
iiaaea ia?aaeueea ii?io ia 90,5 ii, AOE noaiiaea 3,0 i?e ii?i – 2,2 iae.
Iaaeeeoie aieiae oa aaeiiniee aeaooeeo oaiea o ia?iaee VI-VII oa XI-XII
aoaia i?aaiiaaiaco ni?eyee ciaioaiith noeeino nieiieie aei aeeyaaiiy.
Oiio iaeea ca?ia i?ioiaeea a neeaaeieo oiiaao (ie?ieeiao iieaaeiai
noaaea, ?icaeoie oai?ia oa ao?yia).
I?e i?iaaaeaii aeineaeaeaiue aeei?enoiaoaaeanue caaaeueiii?eeiyoa
iaoiaeeea (A.A. Aeinioia, 1965) iaoiaee/i ii?aaee AIAe eoeo?oaece
(1983).
Iiia?aaeieeii y?i ioaieoe aoea eoeo?oaeca ia ca?ii. Iney cae?aiiy
eoeo?oaece i?iaiaeeee aeeneoaaiiy noa?i, aiineee oinoi?ii-eaeei aeia?eaa
a aeic ?60E30 oa i?iaiaeeee i?aieo ia aeeaeio 22-25 ni. Acioi aeia?eaa
ii noai aeineaea aiineee iae ia?aaeiinaio eoeueoeaaoeth oa i?e naa. A
ia?iae eouiiy ii noai canoiniaoaaee aa?aoeeae eiaaie (0,150 e /aa), a
inaeoeoeeae ea?aoa 5 % e.a. (0,1-0,15 e/aa) – o oaco eieiniiy.
Ieiua iaeeiai aeeyiee 73 i2, iiaoi?inoue – o?e?aciaa. Ii?ia aenao a
aeineaeao c aeia?eaaie noaiiaeea 5 iei. noiaeeo ca?ai ia 1 aa. Aeeaeia
ca?iaee ianiiy – 6-7 ni.
A aeineaeao i?iaiaeeee oaiieia/i niinoa?aaeaiiy, aiiao?e/i aei?e a
iniiai oace ?icaeoeo; aino i?iaeoeoeaii aieiae a a?oio – ca AINOii
70215-73, aei aeeaeie 1 i, /a?ac eiaei 10 ni; aino io?aoa aecia/aee
aeaeo?ioioiiao?e/iei iaoiaeii; io?eoeaoeeio caeaoinoue a?oioo – ii
E?aaeiao a iiaeeoeaoe AIAe eoeo?oaece; canaithaai oinoaoe aecia/aee ii
*e?eeiao, a ?ooiiee E2I – ii iaoiaeo AAeA.
I?e aa?ioi/iiio aiaec ?ineeiieo i?ia aecia/aee aino caaaeueiiai oinoi?o
eaei?eiao?e/iei iaoiaeii, aino caaaeueiiai eaeth ia ieaiaiiiio
oioiiao?. I?e?no iaaecaiii iane – ca I.I. Iaeaeiei (1965). Iaee
o?iaeath i?iaiaeeee iaoiaeii i?yiiai eiiaaeioaaiiy, iaea?aeai aeai
ia?iaeyee iaoiaeii aeenia?neiiai aiaeco ca A.A. Aeiniaoiaei (1965) ia
IAII. Oaoiieia/i yeino ca?ia aecia/aee a Eaai?aoi? yeino ca?ia inoeoooo
ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI caaeii nioth/eo AeNO.
Aeiiii/io oa aiaia?aaoe/io aoaeoeainoue ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe a
caeaaeiino aae aeia?ea caoenoo ?ineei ioeithaaee caaeii nioth/eo
?aeiiaiaeaoee ca oeiaie 1998 ?.
?icaee 3. Aieea niiniaa aeic aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea ia ?no, ?icaeoie
oa i?iaeoeoeainoue y?i ioaieoe.
I?e?no nooi ?a/iaeie ?ineei a cia/ie i? caeaaeaa aae niiniaa oa aeic
aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea. O aa?aio aac aeia?ea o oaco eouiiy iana nooi
?a/iaeie 100 ?ineei noaiiaeea 20 a, a ia oii ?60E30 oa acioiiai
aeeaeaiiy (N60 iae eoeueoeaaoeth) – 34 a. O ia?iae aeoiaeo ?ineei a
o?oaeo ?cieoey ua aeueoa c?inoaea noaiiaeea aaeiiaaeii 51 84 a. Ciia
i?e?inoo nooi ?a/iaeie oaeiae iicia/eeanue ia aenio ?ineei. A
eiio?ieueiiio aa?aio, aea ia aiineee aeia?eaa, aenioa ?ineei aoea
iaeiaioith noaiiaeea, a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee, 108,2 ni. A oeueiio
aa?aio aoea oaeiae iaeiaioa eeueenoue ?ineei, noaaae, eieinny oa o iana.
I?e aianaii acioieo aeia?ea ia oii oinoi?ii-eaeeieo an iieacieee cia/ii
iaeaeuoaaeenue. Oae, ia oii ?60E30 aenioa ?ineei noaiiaeea 110,5 ni, o
eeueenoue ia 1 i2 – 299, eieina – 414 oo. , iana nooi ?a/iaeie 100
?ineei – 452 a, a i?e aianaii N60 ?60E30 – 112,5, 347, 518 559,
aaeiiaaeii.
?acoeueoaoe aeineaeaeaiue naae/aoue, ui ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe ia
aaei/aeinue noioii ?cieoe a caianao i?iaeoeoeaii aieiae a a?oio iae
y?ith ioaieoeath. A na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee, ?aaiue oeueiai
iieacieea a oa? a?oioo 0-30 ni noaiiaea 49,8-50,8 ii, a a iao?iaiio
oa? – 157,5-157,9 ii. I?ioyaii aaaaoaoe ?ineeie y?i ioaieoe
aeei?enoiaoaaee a na?aaeiueiio 1840-2060 i3 aiaee. Aeueo aenie aeo?aoe
aieiae aaei/aeenue o aa?aioao, aea aoee aianai acioi aeia?eaa. A
na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee ia aeeyieao aac aianaiiy aeia?ea ioaieoey
aeei?enoiaoaaea 150 ii aieiae, ia oii ?60E30 – 160 ii, a i?e
aeiaeaoeiaiio aianaii acioieo aeia?ea – 164-206 ii.
Canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea iae y?o ioaieoeth ni?eyei aoaeoeaiiio aeei?enoaiith
a?oioiai aieiae. Aeo?aoe ia ooai?aiiy iaei oiiie ca?ia o aa?aio aac
aeia?ea noaiiaeee 928 i3 , i?e aianaii ?60E30 – 871 i3 , a ia oii
acioieo aeia?ea – 845-853 i3/o.
Oaeei /eiii, i?e canoinoaaii aeia?ea aeey ooai?aiiy iaeeieoe nooi
?a/iaeie ?ineeie y?i ioaieoe a ii?aiyii c eiio?ieueiei aa?aioii
aeo?a/athoue aieiae iaioa ia 8-17%.
Oiiae acioiiai aeeaeaiiy noioii aieeaathoue ia aino oeueiai aeaiaioo a
oeaieiao ?ineei. Oae, yeui o aa?aio aac aeia?ea aino acioo a ?ineeiao
ioaieoe o oaco eouiiy noaiiaea 2,97%, o?oaeoaaiiy – 2,24, eieiniiy –
1,82%, oi ia oii ?60E30 oa N60P60E30 iae eoeueoeaaoeth – 3.09, 2.67,
1.94 %; 3.44, 3.05, 2.39 %, aaeiiaaeii.
O icio aoaie i?aaiiaaiaco ?cieoey ainoo acioo a ?ineeiao iae aa?aioaie
aoea iaio iiioiith, ui iaoiiaeaii cia/iei iaeiie/aiiyi iaio aiiane oa
aeoeaiei aeei?enoaiiyi eiai c a?oioo. Anoaiiaeaia aeniea iiceoeaia
caeaaeinoue iae a?iaeai y?i ioaieoe ainoii acioo a ?ineeiao. Eiaooeio
ei?aeyoe noaiiaeoue o oaco eouiiy r = 0,721; aeoae a o?oaeo – 0,531
eieiniiy – 0,587. Ia aaeiio aae acioo aeey oinoi?o oa?aeoa?ia ieaaia
cieaeaiiy eiai ainoo a ?ineeiao i?ioyaii aaaaoaoe. Oea iaoiiaeaii aeueo
?aiii?iei iaaeoiaeaeaiiyi oinoi?o a iaaecaii i?aaie i?ioyaii aaaaoaoe
ioaieoe. O oaco eouiiy, ia oaeia?aieo acioii aa?aioao, aino oinoi?o a
?ineeiao noaiiaea 0,66-0,70%, o ia?iae o?oaeoaaiiy – 0,46-0,50% ,
eieiniiy – 0,33-0,37%.
Aianeaeie oiai, ui ?ineeie y?i ioaieoe o aa?aio aac aeia?ea aoee iaio
?icaeioo o ii?aiyii c oaeia?aiei oiiii, i?ioean canaithaaiiy acioo,
oinoi?o eaeth aoa iiaeueioei oiio caaeainiaainoue aeeaeaiiy iniiaieie
iae?iaeaiaioaie noooai aae?ciyeanue. Oae, ia eiio?ieueiiio aa?aio aac
aianaiiy aeia?ea o oaco eouiiy niaaaeiioaiiy oinoi?o eaeth aei acioo a
eenoyo y?i ioaieoe noaiiaeee N = 5,4 ? = 0,98 E, a ia oii N60P60K30 –
N = 5,06 P = 1,01 E.
Aianaiiy iia?aeueieo aeia?ea ni?eyei aeueo ioaineaiiio eouiith
?ineei, ui iaeoaa?aeaeooueny aeaieie i?i eeueenoue noi?iiaaieo noaaae a
iina y?i ioaieoe. A na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee, ia IV aoai i?aaiiaaiaco
ioaieoe caaaeueia eeueenoue ?ineei o oeeo aa?aioao eieeaaeanue a iaaeao
576-897 oo/ i2, i?e neio?iiii?icaeiooeo iaaiiao – 480-598 oo/i2. Ia XII
aoai i?aaiiaaiaco ?aioa aeyaeaia caeiiii?inoue a ?icaeoeo ?ineei ioaieoe
caa?aaeanue. Iaeiae caaaeueia eeueenoue noaaae cia/ii ciaioeeanue
noaiiaeea 425-541 oo., a oiio /ene i?iaeoeoeaieo aoei 392-536 oo/i2.
Iaeaeueoa i?iaeoeoeaieo noaaae aaei/aii o aa?aioao c aianaiiyi
N60-90P60K30, a i?iaeoeoeainoue eieina, aea aoei aianaii N30-60P60K30,
noaiiaeea 0,61-0,63 a.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui o?iaeae ca?ia, a na?aaeiueiio ca 1995-1997 ??., aac
canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea neeaaeaa 16,3 oe/aa (oaae. 1). Iioeiaeueia aeica
aeia?ea i?e iniiaiiio aianaii noaiiaeea N60P60K30 (24,0 oe/aa).
Caeueoaiiy aeice acioiiai aeia?eaa aei N90 i?ecaiaeeei aei cieaeaiiy o
ieoiiino, ui noaiiaeei 4,3 ea ca?ia ia 1 ea aeia?ea, oiae ye ia oii N60
oeae iieaciee aoa ia ?ai 5,1 ea. Aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea o ?yaeee ia
iaei noooaeo ia?aaaa o ii?aiyii c iniiaiei. Oae, i?e aianaii iiaiiai
aeia?eaa N60P60K30 iae eoeueoeaaoeth, o?iaeae ca?ia a na?aaeiueiio ca
o?e ?iee noaiiaea 24,0 oe, a i?e aianaii o a ?yaeee i?e naa – 23,8
oe/aa. Oaeei /eiii, acioia aeia?eai iiaeia aiineoe ye iae iniiaiee
ia?iaoie a?oioo, oae a ?yaeee i?e naa y?i ioaieoe.
Aeyaeaii, ui ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe a oiiaao Noaio Oe?aie aac
canoinoaaiiy acioieo aeia?ea o aeueoino aeiaaeea ia caaacia/o io?eiaiiy
ca?ia i?eaeaoiiai aeey aeieaiiy oeaa oa aeaioiaeaiiy iaea?iia eeoa
canoinoaaiiy ?ic?iaeaii iaie oaoiieia aea ciiao iaea?aeaoe ca?ii, yea
aaeiiaaea I-II eeanai yeino. sse naae/aoue aeai, iaeiaioee aino aeea a
ca?i eeaeeiaeie a ai?ioi aoa o aa?aio aac aeia?ea (16,4 42,6%).
Aianaiiy
Oaaeeoey 1
O?iaeaeinoue (oe/aa) y?i ioaieoe a caeaaeiino aae niiniaa oa aeic
aianaiiy
acioieo aeia?ea i?e ioaineaie nenoai caoenoo ?ineei
E – iae eoeueoeaaoeth; ? – a ?yaeee.
oeueee oinoi?ii-eaeeieo aeia?ea ia ni?eyei iaeaeuaiith yeino ca?ia.
Iaeiae i?e aianaii N60 iae eoeueoeaaoeth aino aeea a ca?i oa eeaeeiaeie
a ai?ioi ?cei caeueoeany noaiiaea 17,4 oa 46,6%. Iaeaeuaiiy aeice
acioiiai aeia?eaa aei N90 ia ni?eyei iiaeaeueoiio ?inoo yeino ca?ia.
Aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea ni?eyei ia oeueee eeueeniiio iaeaeuaiith ainoo
a ca?i aeea eeaeeiaeie a ai?ioi, aea e o yeino. O aa?aioao, aea
acioi aeia?eaa aoee aianai aeicaie N60-90 iae eoeueoeaaoeth, a oaeiae
o ?yaeee – N30-60 , eeaeeiaeia aoea ae?oai a?oie, oiae ye ia eiio?ie –
o?aouei.
?icaee 4. Ooinaioa?iee noai ?ineei y?i ioaieoe a caeaaeiino aae
aeei?enoaiiy oi/ieo caniaa caoenoo iinaa aae ao?yia oa oeaeieea ia oii
?ciiai ?aiy iia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy.
?aaecaoey iioaioeaeo i?iaeoeoeaiino ni?oa y?i ioaieoe a cia/ie i?
aecia/aoueny ooinaioa?iei noaiii iinaa, oiaoi ?iciianthaeaeaiiyi oa
nooiaiai a?aaeaiiy ?ineei oeaeieeaie, eeueeniei oa yeniei neeaaeii
ao?yia ia ?cieo aoaiao ?icaeoeo oe eoeueoo?e. I?e a?aooaaii caao?yiaiino
o oaco eouiiy, ia oii aac ia?iaee aa?aoeeaeii, eeueenoue ao?yia
eieeaaeanue a iaaeao 29-37 oo ia 1 i2, a iana o noaiiaeea 10,8- 13,9
a. Ia oii c ia?iaeith iinaa aa?aoeeaeii ?cei ciaioeeanue ia oeueee
eeueenoue ao?yia, aea o iana (eeueenoue ao?yia noaiiaeea 12-22 oo, a
o iana – 3,8-5,3 a/i2). Ioaea, iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui eeueenoue ao?yia
ia ia?iaeaieo aa?aoeeaeii aeeyieao aoea aeineoue aenieith, aiie
aeyaeeeny iaaeeoocaeaoieie ia eiieo?oaaee c y?ith ioaieoeath. Oae, o
ia?iae eieiniiy a aa?aioao aac ia?iaee aa?aoeeaeii, eeueenoue ao?yia
aoea a iaaeao 67- 81 oo iana o noaiiaeea 123,9-147,0 a/i2, a ia
ia?iaeaieo aa?aioao – 12-21 7,2-10,2 a, aaeiiaaeii.
Canoinoaaiiy aa?aoeeaea a iina y?i ioaieoe caaacia/o i?e?no a?iaeath a
iaaeao 3,2-4,7 oe/aa (oaae. 2). Oae, aac ia?iaee aa?aoeeaeii ia oii
P60K30 + N60 iae eoeueoeaaoeth, a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee,
o?iaeaeinoue noaiiaeea 17,2 oe, a i?e eiai canoinoaaii o oac eouiiy –
21,6 oe/aa.
Aaeeei oeiaee iinaai y?i ioaieoe caaaea aeoe-eocueea. A iaoeo aeineaeao
/enaeueinoue oeueiai oeaeieea a iiei/io noeaenoue ca?ia nyaaea 7- 8
aec/i2. Ia?iaea iinaa inaeoeoeeaeii ea?aoa i?aeoe/ii iiainoth caiaeeea
aei ioey nooiiue iioeiaeaeaiiy ?ineei. Aoaeoeainoue ia?iaee iinaa ia y?e
ioaieoe, a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee, noaiiaeea i?ioe eeiia-/a?aiaoee
81,7-70,2%, ceaeiaeo iiiaeeoeue – 70,2-64,9%, i?ioe ioaie/iiai o?eina –
73,7-67,6%. Ia?iaea iinaa inaeoeoeeaeii caaacia/eea
na?aaeiueioaeoi?eaeueio i?eaaaeo a?iaeath 3,2 oe/aa. Iaeiae, aeueo
aenieee i?e?no ca?ia aoa iaea?aeaiee o aa?aio c eiiieaeniei
canoinoaaiiyi aa?aoeeaeo o ia?iae eouiiy oa inaeoeoeeaeo o eieiniiy. Ooo
na?aaeiueioaeoi?eaeueiee i?e?no a?iaeath noaiiaea 6,2 oe/aa.
Oaaeeoey 2
O?iaeaeinoue (oe/aa) y?i ioaieoe a caeaaeiino aae canoinoaaiiy
aa?aoeeaea oa inaeoeoeeaea, 1995-1997 ??.
Aeineaeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui ia?iaea iinaa inaeoeoeeaeii ia ni?eyea
noooaiio aieeao ia eeueeni iieacieee aeea a ca?i oa eeaeeiaeie o ai?ioi,
i?ioa a cia/ie i? iaeaeuoaaeanue iaoo?a ca?ia oa iai oeaa. Oae, o
aa?aioao aac ia?iaee iinaa inaeoeoeeaeii iaoo?a ca?ia noaiiaeea 650 a
iai oeaa – 460 ni3 ia 100 a ai?ioia, a i?e ia?iaoe iinaa oe iieacieee
aaeiiaaeii caeueoeeenue aei 726 a oa 520 ni3.
?icaee 5. Eiiieaeniee aieea ii?i aenao oa oi/ieo caniaa caoenoo iinaa ia
?no i?iaeoeoeainoue y?i ioaieoe.
Aecia/aiiy aeioeeueieo ii?i aenao aaaeeeaith ia?aaeoiiaith iaea?aeaiiy
aenieeo a?iaeaa ca?ia y?i ioaieoe. Aeai aeineaea naae/aoue, ui i?e ii?i
aenao 4,0 iei. ca?ai ia 1 aa eeueenoue i?iaeoeoeaieo noaaae ia oii aac
ia?iaee iinaa eeeaaeanue ia ?ai 247-270 oo/i2, i?e 5,0 iei. –
caeueoeeanue aei 377-399, a i?e 6,0 iei. noaiiaeea 382-405 oo/ i2.
Iaeaeueoa eeueenoue ca?ai a eiein oa iana ca?ia ye c iaeiiai eieino,
oae 1000 ca?ai aaei/aia i?e ii?i aenao 5,0 iei. Caeueoaiiy ii?ie aenao
aei 6 iei. i?ecaiaeeei aei cieaeaiiy oeeo iieacieea. Oae, ia oii
canoinoaaiiy oi/ieo i?aia?aoa oa ii?i aenao 4 iei/aa eeueenoue ca?ai a
eiein aoea 18 oo., iana ca?ia c 1 eieino noaiiaeea 0,61 a, a iana 1000
ca?ai – 33,9 a. I?e ii?i aenao 6 iei/aa oe iieacieee aaeiiaaeii
noaiiaeee 16, 0,50 31,2 a. Iiaeaia caeiiii?inoue i?inoaaeoaaeanue o
aa?aioao c caoenoii iinaa aae oeaeieea ao?yia.
Aeyaeaii, ui ii?ie aenao noooai aieeaaee ia ciio i?iaeoeoeaiino iinaa
y?i ioaieoe (oaae. 3). Oae, ia oii aac ia?iaee iinaa oi/ieie i?aia?aoaie
i?e ii?i aenao 4 iei. ia 1 aa o?iaeaeinoue noaiiaeea 13,3, caeueoaiiy
ii?ie aei 5 iei. iaeaeuoaaei a?iaeaeienoue aei 16,2, a aena 6
iei. noiaeeo ca?ai ia 1 aa noooai ia aieeaaa ia i?iaeoeoeainoue iinaa.
Iiaeaia caeiiii?inoue i?inoaaeoaaeanue e ia oiiao c aeei?enoaiiyi oi/ieo
caniaa caoenoo ?ineei.
Oaaeeoey 3
O?iaeaeinoue (oe/aa) y?i ioaieoe a caeaaeiino aae ii?i aenao oa oi/ieo
caniaa caoenoo ?ineei, 1995-1997 ??.
Oaeei /eiii, iioeiaeueia ii?ia aenao aeey y?i ioaieoe ni?oo Oa?eanueea
37 noaiiaeoue 5 iei/aa noiaeeo ianiei. Iaeaeueoee i?e?no a?iaeath ca?ia
aae 5,3 aei 6,8 oe/aa niinoa?aaany i?e noinie ia?iaoe iinaa aa?aoeeaeii
oa inaeoeoeeaeii.
?icaee 6. Aeiiii/ia oa aiaia?aaoe/ia aoaeoeainoue oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy
y?i oaa?aei ioaieoe
Aiaec aeiiii/ieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo iieacieea oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i
ioaieoe iieaco, ui iaee?auee ?acoeueoao caaacia/o aianaiiy iae
eoeueoeaaoeth acioieo aeia?ea a aeic N60 ea/aa ia oii P60K30 (oaae. 4).
Ooo
Oaaeeoey 4
Aeiiii/ia oa aiaia?aaoe/ia aoaeoeainoue canoinoaaiiy acioieo aeia?ea
i?e ae?iuoaaii y?i ioaieoe, 1995-1997 ??.
E – iae eoeueoeaaoeth; ? – a ?yaeee i?e naa.
caaacia/ooueny iaea?aeaiiy iaeaeueo aeaoaaiai iaeiaio aia?aiiiiai ca?ia
(22,3-22,6 a?i/oe 1080 IAeae/oe, aaeiiaaeii). Ieoiinoue iaei a?eai
a?i-oiai-iaoa?aeueieo aeo?ao eiaooeio aia?aaoe/ii aoaeoeaiino ia oeeo
aa?aioao aoee iaeaeueoeie noaiiaeee 1,26-1,28 a?i 1,54 iaeeieoeue.
Iaoeie aeineaeaeaiiyie aeiaaaeaii, ui canoinoaaiiy oi/ieo caniaa
caoenoo ?ineei a oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe aoaeoeaiei
aa?icaoiaeii (oaae. 5). Iaoiiaeaii oea aeia?aaeaeoth/ei ?inoii
o?iaeae- iino o ii?aiyii c caeueoaiiyi ae?iaie/eo aeo?ao o ?ic?aooieo ia
1 aa iinao. I?ioe eiio?ieueieo aa?aioa (aac ia?iaie) iaeaeuaiiy
o?iaeaeiino y?i ioaieoe noaiiaeoue: ia oii canoinoaaiiy aa?aoeeaea ia
20,9%, inaeoeoeeaea – ia 25,5 %, aa?aoeeaea oa inaeoeoeeaea – ia 38,6%,
a caeueoaiiy aeo?ao ae?iaieoeoaa aoei cia/ii ieae/ei noaiiaeei 4,7, 4,0
oa 7,8%. A ?acoeueoao /iai niinoa?aaoueny caeaoaaeaiiy oa cieaeaiiy
aia?aiiiino ae?iaieoeoaa ca?ia. Eiaeia a?eaiy, yea aeeaaeaia i?e
ae?iuoaaii y?i ioaieoe, caaacia/o iaeaeuaiiy aaeiai i?iaeoeoe a iaaeao
4,5-6,5 a?i. I?e oeueiio iaeneiaeueia iaea?aeaiiy i?eaooeo naia iaeaeua
iaeiie/aiiy aia?a a o?iaea caaacia/ooueny ia oii, aea a oaoiieia/iiio
?aaeaiaio y?i ioaieoe iiaeiooueny canoinoaaiiy aa?aoeeaea oa
inaeoeoeeaea. Ooo iaea?aeaii iaeaeuee eiaooeio ieoiiino
a?ioiai-iaoa?aeueieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo aeo?ao (1,31 oa 1,57).
Ii aeiiii/iei oa aiaia?aaoe/iei iieacieeai iaeaeueoee aoaeo aeinyaaoueny
i?e ii?i aenao 5 iei. oo/aa noiaeiai ianiiy (oaae. 6). O ii?aiyii c
ii?iith aenao 6 iei/aa, ooo aeiiiieoueny 40-50 ea ianiiy ia 1 aa, ui
neeaaea 24-30 a?i 1400-1500 IAeae, aaeiiaaeii. Niaaa?onoue oa aia?-
Oaaeeoey 5
Aeiiii/ia oa aiaia?aaoe/ia aoaeoeainoue canoinoaaiiy caniaa caoenoo
?ineei a oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i ioaieoe, 1995-1997 ??.
aiiinoue 1 oe ca?ia oaae aoee ieae/eie ia 2,8 3,8% , ye ianeaeie, ia
oeeo aa?aioao aoa iaea?aeaiee iaeaeueoee eiaooeio ieoiiino
a?ioiai-iaoa?aeueieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo aeo?ao.
Oaeei /eiii, ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeineaeaeaiue, ye aoee
i?iaaaeai a eiie?aoiiio ?aaii noaiiai ciie Oe?aie (iniaeeai a ?iee,
iani?eyoeea ii ia?aceiae iceii ioaieoe), iieacothoue, ui ae?iuoaaiiy y?i
ioaieoe, aaaeeeai i?iaeiaieue/i oa no?aoiai eoeueoo?e, iaeiei c
?aca?aa caeueoaiiy ?ano?na oeiiiai ca?ia.
AENIIAEE
1. Eeueenoue i?iaeoeoeaii aieiae a a?oio a cia/ie i? caeaaeeoue aae
iiaiaeieo oiia ?ieo oiio acioiiai aeeaeaiiy. A on ?iee aeineaeaeaiue
caiane a?oioiai aieiae a ia?iae aaaaoaoe y?i ioaieoe ia oii ?60E30 aoee
aeueie, iae o aa?aioao c acioiei aeeaeaiiyi, ui naae/eoue i?i aeueo
aenie aeo?aoe ?ineeiaie aieiae.
2. Canoinoaaiiy iia?aeueieo aeia?ea aeicaiey ?ineeiai y?i ioaieoe ia
8-17% aoaeoeaioa aeo?a/aoe aieiao ia ooai?aiiy iaeeieoe nooi ?a/iaeie.
ioaineainoue aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy a cia/ie i? caeaaeeoue aae aae?ioa?i/ieo
oiia aaaaoaoe nooiaiy ?icaeoeo ?ineei.
3. A ia?iae eouiiy, yeee niaiaaea c ii/aoeii oi?ioaaiiy eieinea a eiein,
a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee, niinoa?aaany aaeiiniee aeaooeeo ainoo a
eenoeao acioo eaeth iaaeeeoie oinoi?o. O oac eieiniiy – oeaoiiy
aeaooeeo acioo caeueooaaany. iaeaen iio?aae a acio noaiiaea 1,46-1,85
iae. Iniaeeai ai ?cei i?iyaeyany o aa?aioao c aianaiiyi acioieo aeia?ea.
4. Acioi aeia?eaa ni?eythoue iiioiiio iaeaeuaiith ainoo aeaiaioa
aeeaeaiiy a ?ineeiao. ioaineainoue niiaeeaaiiy acioo noooai caeaaeeoue
aae ?aiy iia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy. Ia ii/aoeiaeo aoaiao aaaaoaoe aino
acioo a ?ineeiao i?aeoe/ii ia ciithaaany i?e caeueoaii aeic acioieo
aeia?ea. O ia?iae aae o?oaeoaaiiy aei iiaii noeaeino ca?ia, eiee
ioaineaii caeueoooueny iana aieia/iiai a?iaeath, aino acioo a ?ineeiao
aoa iiioii aeuei o aa?aioao c acioiei aeia?eaii.
5. I?e ?ic?iaoe oa ai?iaaaeaeaii ciiaeueii oaoiieia ae?iuoaaiiy y?i
ioaieoe iaiaoaeii a?aoiaoaaoe caeiiii?iino noai?aiiy aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo
aa?ioeaiica ei?aaoaaoe o a caeaaeiino aae aeic iia?aeueieo aeia?ea,
caao?yiaiino iinaa, iiaiaeieo oiia oa caaacia/aiino aieiaieie oaeoi?aie
aeeooy ?ineei.
6. Iioeiaeueiith aeicith acioiiai aeia?eaa i?e aianaii iae y?o
ioaieoeth iney eoeo?oaece ia ca?ii ia oii ?60E30 N60. I?e oaee aeic
iaea?aeaia iaeaeueoa ieoiinoue acioieo aeia?ea, yea noaiiaeea
1,26-1,28 a?i ia 1 a?i aeo?ao.
7. Aianaiiy acioieo aeia?ea ia oii ?60E30 ni?eyei ia oeueee
eeueeniiio iaeaeuaiith ainoo aeea a ca?i oa eeaeeiaeie a ai?ioi,
aea e iie?auaiith o yeino.
8. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aianeaeie ineyae aa?ioaoi/ieo iaoiaea ai?ioueae c
ao?yiaie a iinaao y?i ioaieoe caao?yiainoue ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe (oaca
eouiiy) eieeaaeanue, a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee, a caeaaeiino aae
nenoaie oaeia?aiiy a iaaeao aae 29 aei 37 oo. ia 1 i2, iana o noaiiaeea
10,8-13,8 a. I?e ia?iaoe iinao aa?aoeeaeii cia/ii ciaioeeanue ia oeueee
eeueenoue ao?yia, aea o iana, ui noooai aieeioei ia aeaeeaaiiy ?ineei
y?i ioaieoe. O oaco eieiniiy o aa?aioao aac canoinoaaiiy oi/ieo caniaa
eeueenoue ao?yia aoea 67-81 oo/i2, a o iana – 124-147 a. Ia aa?aioao,
aea iina ia?iaethaaany aa?aoeeaeii – 12-21 7,1-10,2 a, aaeiiaaeii.
9. Aeei?enoaiiy aa?aoeeaea iae y?o ioaieoeth aaaeeeaei oaeoi?ii
iaeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino iinaa. I?e?inoe o?iaeath ca?ia aae oeueiai
aa?icaoiaeo noaiiaeee 4,0-8,0 oe/aa.
10. Aeey oi?ioaaiiy aenieiai ?aiy a?iaeath y?i ioaieoe iaiayceiaei
aa?ioaoi/iei caniaii nai/ania aeei?enoaiiy inaeoeoeeaea. Iniaeeai aenie
i?e?inoe a?iaeath ca?ia iaea?aeai i?e eiiieaeniiio canoinoaaii
aa?aoeeaea oa inaeoeoeeaea ia iinaao y?i ioaieoe. Ooo
na?aaeiueioaeoi?eaeueia i?eaaaea a?iaeath noaiiaeea 6,2 oe/aa.
11. Ia?iaea iinaa inaeoeoeeaeii iaoiiaeth iaeaeuaiiy oce/ieo oa yenieo
iieacieea ca?ia y?i ioaieoe. Aac ia?iaee iinaa iaoo?a ca?ia noaiiaeea
650 a, iai oeaa – 460 ni3, a i?e canoinoaaii inaeoeoeeaea – 726 a oa
570 ni3, aaeiiaaeii.
12. Ii?ie aenao ca?ia, ye aea/aeenue o aeineaeao, noooai aieeaaee ia
ciio i?iaeoeoeaiino iinaa y?i ioaieoe. Ii aeiiii/iei aiaia?aaoe/iei
iieacieeai iaeaeueoee aoaeo aoa i?e ii?i aenao 5 iei. ca?ai ia 1 aa. A
ii?aiyii c ii?iith aenao 6 iei. ia 1 aa , oea aeinyaiooi, ca ?aooiie
aeiiii ianiiy (40-50 ea/aa), ui o a?ioiaiio ae?ac neeaei 24-30 a?i, a ii
aia?aiaeo?aoai – 1400-1500 IAeae. Oiio niaaa?onoue oa aia?aiiinoue aoee
aaeiiaaeii ieae/eie ia 2,8-3,8% a ?acoeueoao ia oeueiio aa?aio aoa
iaea?aeaiee iaeaeueoee eiaooeio ieoiiino a?ioiai-iaoa?aeueieo aeo?ao.
I?AEOE*I ?AEIIAIAeAOe
1. Aeey iaeneiaeueii ?aaecaoe iioaioeaeo i?iaeoeoeaiino y?i ioaieoe a
oiiaao iai/ieo ?aeiia Noaio iaiaoaeia aianaiiy P60K30 iae iniiaiee
ia?iaoie + N60 iae eoeueoeaaoeth.
2. Aeei?enoaiiy oi/ieo caniaa caoenoo iinaa y?i ioaieoe o aeaeyae
ia?iaie i?ioe ao?yia aa?aoeeaeii, a aae oeaeieea – inaeoeoeeaeii,
iaiayceiaei oaoiieia/iei i?eeiiii i?e aeiiii/ieo ii?iaao oeiaei/eiiino.
3. Iioeiaeueia ii?ia aenao y?i ioaieoe aeey iai/ieo ?aeiia Noaio – 5
iei. ca?ai ia 1 aa.
IA?AEE Ae?OEIAAIEO ?IAIO CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOeI
1. Noaaethe A.A. Iniiaiua i?eaiu iiauoaiey i?iaeoeoeaiinoe y?iaie
ioaieoeu // Iaoa?eaeu Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee
“Aeioie- 95”, naioya?ue, 1995. – Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1995. – N. 36-37.
2. Aeaioaa E.O., Ieoo A.?., Ieaeniei TH.I., Ai?iaeia I.A., Noaa-
ethe A.A., Aiiaea?aiei A.N., Aieueo A.E. Aey aa?aoeeaea e?in oa eiaaie
ia ca?iiaeo eoeueoo?ao // I?iiiceoey. – 1997. – N 10. – N. 28-29.
3. Aeaioaa E.O., Ieaeniei TH.I., Ai?iaeia I.A., Aieueo A.E., Noaaethe
A.A. Iia aa?aoeeaee: iniaeeaino oa aoaeoeainoue // Caoeno ?ineei. –
1998. – N 3. – N. 6-7.
4. Noaaethe A.Iniiai aeaiaioe oaoiieia y?i ioaieoe a Noaio Oe?aie //
Iaoa?aee Ia?oi iaeia?iaeii eiioa?aioe “Iaoea inaoa – 98” 23-30 eaoiy
1998 ?. – Aeii?iiao?ianuee, 1998. – N. 5.
5. Aeaioaa E.O., Ieaeniei TH.I., ?eaea A.N., Noaaethe A.A. Iniiai
?aca?ae iaeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino aoaeoeaiino ae?iaieoeoaa ca?ia y?i
ioaieoe a Noaio Oe?aie // Athe. CA OAAI. – 1999. – N 8. – N. 60-66.
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