.

Прогноз стійкості та оптимізація параметрів відкритих гірничих виробок з урахуванням їх деформованого стану: Автореф. дис… д-ра техн. наук / Є.О. Не

Язык: украинский
Формат: реферат
Тип документа: Word Doc
129 3973
Скачать документ

I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

E?eai??cueeEE oaoi?/iEE oi?aa?neoao

IANIAOIEE ?AAAI IEAENAIAe?IAE*

OAeE 622.271.3

I?iaiic No?eeino? Oa Iioei?caoe?y Ia?aiao??a A?aee?eoeo A??ie/eo Ae?iaie
C O?AOOAAIIssI ?o Aeaoi?iiaaiiai Noaio

Niaoe?aeuei?noue: 05.15.03 – ’’A?aee?eoa ?ic?iaea ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo
eiiaeei’’

A a o i ? a o a ? a o

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe

E?EAEE ??A 1999

?iaioa aeeiiaia a E?eai??cueeiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?

IaoEIA? eiinoeueoaioE:

Aeaaeai?e AI N?N?

Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio CAAN?AAeAOI?E Aaeaioei Ieaenaiae?iae/,
E?eai??cueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, i?ioani? eaoaae?e

Io?oe?EI? iiiiaioE:

Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aoiai?e ?eey Eueaiae/, Iaoe?iiaeueia
a??ie/a aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e

Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A?eeoe TH??e A?eai?iae/, E?eai??cueeee
oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e

Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? *AOAA?EE Ieoaeei Na?a?eiae/, ?inoeooo
aaioaoi?/ii? iaoai?ee IAI Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Aea?aeaaiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee a??ie/i?oaeiee
?inoeooo, i. E?eaee ??a.

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “22” aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo

i 14 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

Ae 09.052.02 E?eai??cueeiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith:

324002, i. E?eaee ??a, aoe. Iooe?ia, 37, aoae. 301.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? E?eai??cueeiai

oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ( 324002, i. E?eaee ??a, aoe. Iooe?ia, 37).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “21” aa?aniy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii?

a/aii? ?aaee, i?ioani? Oaonoia A.O.

-1-

caaaeueia Oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. No/aniee ?icaeoie a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ia?aaeon?i c?inoaiiyi ?o aeeaeie, ui i?eaiaeeoue aei
?noioiiai iia??oaiiy oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a ?iaioe a??ie/eo
i?aei?e?inoa, o ca’yceo c? c?inoaiiyi nia?aa?oino? oiaa?ii? i?iaeoeoe??,
a iniiaiiio ii noaoo? iiaaoaiiy a??ie/i-eai?oaeueieo ?ia?o. Oae, o
eaeueeoeyoe?? nia?aa?oino? 1 oiiie ne?i? ?oaee aeo?aoe ia iie?eooy
a??ie/i-eai?oaeueieo ?ia?o neeaaeathoue a?ae 50 aei 66 % an?o ?ioeo
aeo?ao. O ca’yceo c oeei ia an?o ea?’??ao E?eaaano niinoa??aa?oueny
cia/ia a?aenoaaaiiy ?ice?eaieo ?ia?o a?ae i?iaeoieo ianya?a, aiane?aeie
eiioeaio?aoe?? a??ie/eo ?ia?o ia aeaeiaoaaiiy ei?enii? eiiaeeie, ui
i?eaiaeeoue aei ?noioiiai ca?eueoaiiy eoo?a noeeo oei/aniai ia?iai/eo
ai?o?a ea?’???a.

Ca oeeo oiia aeieea? i?iaeaia iia?aoeaiiai i?iaiico nooiaiy no?eeino?
e?ooeo ai?o?a ea?’???a, ye aeey a?aeiia?aeii? ci?ie oaoiieia?? oa
?aaeeio a??ie/eo ?ia?o, oae ? aeey caaacia/aiiy aaciaee ?o aaaeaiiy.
Iia?aoeaia oa aeinoia??ia i?iaiicoaaiiy no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie iiaea aooe cae?eniaii ia iniia? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?o
aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, ine?eueee aeaoi?iaoe?ei? ia?aiao?e oea o?
ia?aiao?e, ye? aeineoue eaaei aecia/athoueny ?ino?oiaioaeueieie
iaoiaeaie o ii??aeiiio ianea? c iaeiiai aieo, oa ia’?eoeaii
a?aeia?aaeathoue a?aeaoe ii??aeiiai ianeao ia i?e?iaei? oa oaoiiaaii?
aieeae – c ae?oaiai.

I?ioa i?aeaeuaiiy eoo?a noeeo ai?o?a ea?’??o i?eaiaeeoue ia o?eueee aei
?noioiiai cieaeaiiy o?ce/ieo ianya?a ?ice?eaieo ?ia?o, aea e aei
cia/iiai cieaeaiiy nooiaiy ?o no?eeino?, ui coiiaeth? c??no
aenieoaoaoe?eieo aeo?ao ia i?aeo?eiaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie o
no?eeiio noai?. I?aeoeea aaaeaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o
iaiaeii?aciai aeiaiaeeea, ui iaa?oue /anoeiaa ?oeioaaiiy ai?o?a ea?’??o
iiaea i?eaanoe aei oaeeo caeoe?a, ?ici?? yeeo aaaaoi?aciai ia?aaeuo?
i?eaooie io?eiaiee ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy ?o eoo?a noeeo. I/aaeaeii, ui
?niothoue oae? eooe noeeo a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, i?e yeeo noia?i?
aeo?aoe ia ?o aoae?aieoeoai oa aenieoaoaoe?th aoaeooue i?i?iaeuei?.

Aecia/aiiy oaeeo ia?aiao??a oea iaeia c aieiaieo i?iaeai, ye?
aeieeathoue i?e ?ic?iaoe? ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei a?aee?eoei niiniaii,
??oaiiy yei? iiaeeeai ia aac? noai?aiiy aca?iiiia’ycaieo iiaeaeae aeey
?ic?aooieo nooiaiy no?eeino? ii??aeieo noee?a ia iniia? niinoa?aaeaii?
ea?oeie ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio oa iiaeaeae aeey

-2-

iaeii/aniiai aecia/aiiy caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie ?ici??o i/?eoaaiiai
i?eaooeo oa i?iaiiciaaiiai cia/aiiy aeiiii?/iiai caeoeo i?e ca?eueoaii?
eoo?a noeeo a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie.

Oaeei /eiii, ?ic?iaea iaoiae?a i?iaiico no?eeino? oa iioei?caoe??
ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie c o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai
noaio i?aaenoaaey? niaith cia/io iaoeiao i?iaeaio, ui ia? aaaeeeaa
ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueea cia/aiiy o i?aeaeuaii? aeiiii?/ii? oa aeieia?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? aeaeiaoaaiiy ei?enieo eiiaeei a?aee?eoei niiniaii.

Oe? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiioaaeenue o iaaeao aea?aeaaiiai ieaio iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie “?ic?iaea iaoeiaeo iniia
aaoiiaoeciaaiiai ieaioaaiiy oa oi?aae?iiy a??ie/eie ?iaioaie o ea?’???”
(? aea?ae. ?aa. 01860071242), “I?iaiicia ioe?iea oa ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo
a??ie/iaeiaoaii? oa iaoaeo?a?eii? i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie a oiiaao
?eieiaeo noinoie?a c o?aooaaiiyi aeieia?/ii? neooaoe??” (? aea?ae. ?aa.
UA01015085?) oa ainiaeiaia??ii? oaiaoeee E?eai??cueeiai oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo.

Iaoa ?iaioe iieyaa? o iiaeaeueoiio ?icaeoeo iaoiaeieia?? i?iaiico
no?eeino? oa iaa?oiooaaiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo
ae?iaie c o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, aeey i?aeaeuaiiy
aeiiii?/ii? oa aeieia?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aeaeiaoaaiiy ei?enieo eiiaeei
a?aee?eoei niiniaii.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? o aeena?oaoe?? iaoe, aoee noi?ioeueiaai?
ianooii? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue:

– aecia/eoe i?iaiiciaaiee aeaeyae aiae?oe/ieo oa anoaiiaeoe
niinoa?aaeaiee aeaeyae aenia?eiaioaeueieo caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie
i?oeiino? ii??aeiiai ianeao ca?aeii c ci?iith eiai aeaoi?iaoe?eiiai
a?aeaoeo ia i?e?iaei? oa oaoiiaaii? aieeae;

– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo nooiaiy no?eeino? ii??aeieo noee?a ia
iniia? anoaiiaeaieo caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie i?oeiino? ii??aeiiai ianeao
i?e ci?i? niinoa?aaeaii? ea?oeie eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio;

– ?ic?iaeoe o?ce/ii iaa?oioiaaio iiaeaeue ?oeioaaiiy ii??aeiiai noeeo,
iaiao?aeio aeey oai?aoe/iiai aecia/aiiy iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie;

– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo aecia/aiiy aenieoaoaoe?eieo cia/aiue iaae?eiino?
no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie oa aecia/eoe iniiai?
caeiiii??iino? ?o ci?ie;

-3-

– ?ic?iaeoe aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy
iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie oa aecia/eoe iniiai?
caeiiii??iino? ?o ci?ie ca?aeii c ooieoe?iiaeueiei i?ecia/aiiyi,
no?oeoo?ith eiiieaenii? iaoai?caoe?? a??ie/eo ?ia?o, /anii
aenieoaoaoe??.

Iniiaia ?aeay ?iaioe iieyaa? o oiio, ui i?iaiic no?eeino? ii??aeieo
noee?a cae?enith?oueny ia iniia? anoaiiaeaieo aiae?oe/ieo oa aii??e/ieo
caeiiii??iinoae i?ae i?oei?nieie oa aeaoi?iaoe?eieie aeanoeainoyie
ii??aeieo ianea?a, a iioei?caoe?y ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie
cae?enith?oueny ia iniia? i?i?i?caoe?? noia?ieo aeo?ao ia ?o
aoae?aieoeoai oa aenieoaoaoe?th i?ioyaii anueiai no?ieo ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? a?aee?eo? a??ie/? ae?iaee ??ciiiai?oiiai
oaoiieia?/iiai i?ecia/aiiy oa i?aeoeea oi?aae?iiy ?o no?ee?noth, a
oaeiae i?oei?ni? oa aeaoi?iaoe?ei? ia?aiao?e a??nueeeo ii??ae oa
ianea?a.

Iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy, aenoiai? aaoi?ii ia caoeno

1. Iaoiaeieia?y, ui caniiaaia ia aecia/aii? ?ic?aooieiaeo oa aii??e/ieo
caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie i?oei?nieo ia?aiao??a a??nueeeo ii??ae ca?aeii c
ci?iith ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, ye o aeia?aie/iee, oae ? o
iicaa?aie/ii? iaeano? aeaoi?ioaaiiy, aeey iiaeaeueoiai aeei?enoiaoaaiiy
i?e aecia/aii? iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie.

2. Aecia/aiiy iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio ii??aeieo noee?a ia iniia?
noaoenoe/ii? oai??? i?oeiino?, ui coiiaeaii i?inoi?iaith
iaiaeii??aei?noth o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo ? no?oeoo?ii-aaieia?/ieo
aeanoeainoae a??nueeeo ii??ae oa ?iia??iei oa?aeoa?ii aaiiaoai?/ieo
i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny o ii??aeieo ianeaao.

3. Aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo
ae?iaie cieaeo?oueny c /anii ca aeniiiaioiei caeiiii, aeey aecia/aiiy
yei? ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea oa anoaiiaeai?, ia iniia? aiae?co i?aeoeee
oi?aae?iiy no?ee?noth a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, aii??e/i?
caeiiii??iino? oaeiai cieaeaiiy.

4. Aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy iioeiaeueieo
ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie yea a?ae??ciy?oueny oei, ui
aeicaiey? iaeii/anii aecia/aoe ye ?ici?? i/?eoaaiiai aeiiii?/iiai
aoaeoo, oae ? ?ici?? i?iaiiciaaiiai caeoeo i?e ca?eueoaii? ?o eoo?a
noeeo, a ?ic?aooiie nooiaiy no?eeino? ii??aeiiai noeeo cae?enith?oueny c
o?aooaaiiyi eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

-4-

Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o ianooiiiio

1. Aeey iieno iiaii? ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae aia?oa
iaa?oioiaaii canoinoaaiiy aiae?oe/ii? caeaaeiino? aeniiiaioiiai
aeaeyaeo, ui aeicaiey? iie?ioeoe ia 22-28 %, noaoenoe/i? ia?aiao?e
aiae?oe/iiai iieno yaeua a ii??aiyii? c eoneiai-e?i?eiith
ai?ieneiaoe??th oa ye?nii iie?ioeoe oeae iien a ii??aiyii? c
ai?ieneiaoe??th iie?iiiii o?aoueiai nooiaiy.

2. Iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/ia ??oaiiy oa aia?oa aecia/aii, ui nooi?iue
no?eeino? ii??aeiiai noeeo iae?i?eii cieaeo?oueny ca?aeii c? c?inoaiiyi
e?euee?nieo iieaciee?a eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy oa aia?oa anoaiiaeaii, ui
aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ianoaaeaieo ai?o?a ea?’???a
ci?ith?oueny o iaaeao a?ae 93,5 % aei 97 %, a ianoaaeaieo aioo??oi?o
ia?aaea?aeaae?a o iaaeao a?ae 46 % aei 72 %.

4. Aeiaaaeaii, ui aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie ciaioo?oueny c /anii ca aeniiiaioiei caeiiii oa aia?oa
oe? caeiiii??iino? aeei?enoai? aeey aecia/aiiy ianya?a a??ie/i? iane,
yea i?aeeyaa? ia?aaeneaaaoe?? i?e ?ice?eoo? ?oaeieo oa??a ca
aaco?ainii?oiith oaoiieia??th.

5. Aeiaaaeaii, ui cia/aiiy ii?iaoea?a iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie caeaaeaoue a?ae /ano ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy, oa
aia?oa anoaiiaeaii, ui oe? ii?iaoeae ci?iththoueny o iaaeao a?ae 76,3 %
aei 96,5 % i?e aenieoaoaoe?? a?aee?eoeo ae?iaie aei 5 ?ie?a oa a iaaeao
a?ae 89,6 % aei 98,5 % i?e ?o aenieoaoaoe?? iiiaae 5 ?ie?a.

Iaoeiaa cia/aiiy ?iaioe iieyaa? o iiaeaeueoiio ?icaeoeo oai??? oa
iaoiae?a aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie
ia a?oio? i?eeeaaeii? oai??? iaae?eiino?, ye? ?icaeaathoue no/ani?
oyaeaiiy i?i i?iaeooaaiiy oa ?aeiino?oeoe?th ea?’???a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe iieyaa?:

– o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaee/ieo aeac?aie ii aecia/aiith iioeiaeueieo, ii
e?eoa??th aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?, aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie, ye? i?eeiyo? aei i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoaiiy aieiaiith
i?aai?caoe??th Oe?a?ie ii aaiiaoai?/iiio caaacia/aiith a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ?ia?o,

– o ?ic?iaoe? caniao aecia/aiiy ii?iaoea?a iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie o a?aeiia?aeiino? c ?oi?ie oaoiieia?/ieie
ooieoe?yie oa /anii aenieoaoaoe??;

– o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaee/ieo aeac?aie ii i?iaiico no?eeino? ii??aeieo
noee?a ia iniia? aiae?co ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

-5-

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ciaeoee i?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy i?e:

– ?ic?iaoe? ianii?o?a ?ice?eooy ?oaeieo oa??a ca aaco?ainii?oiith
oaoiieia??th ia ea?’??ao I?aeaeii?e?aecaanueeiai ACE, ui aeicaieeei ca
?aooiie aeinoia??iiai oa iia?aoeaiiai aecia/aiiy ia’?i?a a??ie/i? iane,
yea i?aeeyaa? ia?aaeneaaaoe??, ciaioeoe ?? ianyae o 1997 ?ioe? ia 2663
oen. i3 oa iaea?aeaoe aeiiii?/iee aoaeo o ?ici??? 1151 oen. a?eaaiue ca
??e (Aeo ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 12 ethoiai 1998 ?ieo).

– ?ic?iaoe? i?iaeoo oa iinoaiiaoe? o oei/aniai-iino?eia iieiaeaiiy
i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o I?aiACE, ui aeicaieeei,
ca ?aooiie a?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueii? eiai eiino?oeoe??, ciaioeoe ia 498,64
oen. i3 ??/i? ianyae ?ice?eaieo ?ia?o oa iaea?aeaoe o 1994 ?ioe?
aeiiii?/iee aoaeo o ?ici??? 2,215 ie?ae. e?a. (Aeo ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae
18 ethoiai 1998 ?ieo).

Ie?ai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeth/ai? a o/aiai-iaoiaee/i?
iin?aieee ii eo?nao “I?ioeane a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o” oa
“I?iaeooaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai oa ?aeiino?oeoe?y ea?’???a”, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e iaa/aii? nooaeaio?a E?eai??cueeiai oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a o iaea?aeaii? iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a, ye?
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, iieyaa?: o oi?ioethaaii? iaoe, iaoeiaeo
iieiaeaiue oa caaea/ aeine?aeaeaiiy; iaea?aeaii? aiae?oe/iiai ae?aco
aeey iieno iiaii? ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae o aeaeyae?
aeniiiaioii? ooieoe??; ??oaii? caaea/? i?i ?ic?aooiie nooiaiy no?eeino?
ii??aeiiai noeeo c o?aooaaiiyi eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ye aeey
neaeueiaeo, oae ? aeey i?uaii-aeeienoeo ianea?a; ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee oa
aecia/aii? cia/aiue ? caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino?
no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie; ?ic?iaoe?
aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? aeey aaniethoii? iioei?caoe??
aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie ia iniia?
i?i?i?caoe?? noia?ieo aeo?ao ia ?o aoae?aieoeoai oa aenieoaoaoe?th; a
oaeiae o ai?iaaaeaeaii? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue o ae?iaieoeoai.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeiiia?aeaeenue ia Ananithci?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? ii aeooaeueiei
ieoaiiyi ioi?iie ioi/oth/iai na?aaeiaeua a?ae aio?iiiaaiiiai aieeao
(Naaanoiiieue, 1990 ?.); ia 1O Ananithci?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? ii
eiiieaeniiio aeine?aeaeaiith o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoae

-6-

a??nueeeo ii??ae oa i?ioean?a (Iineaa, 1987 ?.); ia O Ananithci?e
iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? ii o?ce/iei i?ioeanai a??ie/iai ae?iaieoeoaa
(Iineaa, 1991 ?.); can?aeaiiyo oaoi?/ieo ?aae eiioea?io “Oe??oaei?ii” oa
a??ie/i-caaaa/oaaeueieo eiia?iao?a IACE, I?aiACE, I?aaeACE (1991-1998
?.?.), iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo E?eai??cueeiai oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo, Iaoe?iiaeueii? a??ie/i? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie oa Iineianueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai a??ie/iai oi?aa?neoaoo (1984-1999 ?.?.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iioae?eiaaiee a
iaei?e iaeiiin?ai?e iiiia?ao??; 19 noaooyo o ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue
oa a??ie/ioaoi?/ieo aeo?iaeao; ui a?aeianai? AAE Oe?a?ie aei oaoiaeo; 2
noaoyo o iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo, 4 aeaiiiiaaieo iaoeiaeo ?iaioao; 6 oacao
aeiiia?aeae ia iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo oa oeieao ia?aaeiaiai aeina?aeo.

Anueiai ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 32 iaoeia? ?iaioe.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c aaaaeaiiy,
oanoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiaeo, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e c 177
iaeiaioaaiue ia 17 noi??ieao. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 243 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 22 oaaeeoe? ia 12 noi??ieao oa 63 ?enoiea
ia 41 noi??ioe?, 4 aeiaeaoea ia 9 noi??ieao, caaaeueiei ianyaii 305
noi??iie.

Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe

?icae?e 1. Noai i?iaeaie oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Caaa?oaiiy ?ic?iaee ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei ia iaeeo aeeaeiao c
iaeiiai aieo, aeinyaiaiiy a??ie/i? iaoee oa oaoi?ee c ae?oaiai, coiiaeee
i?aeoe/io iaiao?aei?noue oa aeiiii?/io aeioe?euei?noue aaaeaiiy
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o ia aeeaei? 500 – 1000 iao??a.

Ca oeeo oiia caaea/a aecia/aiiy aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie noa? iniaeeai aeooaeueiith, oiio ui ?ici?? ?ice?eooy,
ui nei?i/o?oueny i?e ca?eueoaii? eoo?a noeeo ai?o?a ea?’??o, i?yii
i?iii?oe?eiee eaaae?aoo aeeaeie ae?iaee.

?acii c oei, i?aeoeea aaaeaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o iieaco?, ui
i?aeoe/ii ia aeiaeiiio ea?’??? ia aaeaeinue oieeiooe cnoaieo i?ioean?a.
?oeioaaiiy onooi?a oa ai?o?a ea?’???a iaiineoue cia/iee iaoa??aeueiee
caeoie. Oae ?oeioaaiiy a?aeaaeueieo onooi?a o eenoiiaae? 1993 ?ieo ia
ea?’??? ?iaoeaoeueeiai ACE oa ia?ai?uaiiy cnoao o ?iai/o ciio, ii?ooeee
?iaioo ea?’??o ia aeae?eueea i?nyoe?a.

-7-

O ca’yceo c iniaeeaith aaaeeea?noth a??iiai ?ic?aooieo no?eeino? ai?o?a
ea?’???a oa a?aeaae?a c iaae?eiei, aea ia ia?aa?eueoaiei caianii
no?eeino?, a inoaii? aeanyoe??//y a iao?e e?a?i? oa ca ei?aeiiii
aeeiiai? ooiaeaiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui iioae?eiaai? o ?iaioao
I.?.Aaioeiaa, A.?.A?naioueaaa, TH.I.Anoao’?aa, A.O.Aeciaa,
A.A.Aeecitheiaa, TH.A.A?eeoea, A.I.Aaeueia??ia, A.E.Aaeonoueyia,
?.E.Aoiai?ea, A.TH.Ae?eaeaiea, A.A.Cioa?aa, ?.?.Ao?aiiaa, I.A.Ao?aiiaa,
A.A.?noii?ia, I.?.?eue?ia, N.I.?eue?ia, I.A.Iaeuei?eiaa, I.I.Ieoaeeiaa,
TH.N.Iaoea, B.I.Iiiiaa, A.E.Iie?uoea, I.?.Iaacia?a, A.I.Iaaeoeiaa,
I.A.Iiaiaeeeiaa, N.C.Iie?uoea, A.A.?aeaanueeiai, I.I.?aaaciaa,
E.I.Oea/oea, A.I.Oa?oaeianueeiai, ?.?.Oaiye?ia, A.A.Oaia?y,
A.O.Naiiaeieeiaa, A.I.Uaeeaiiaa, A.E.O?naiei, I.E.Oaaei?aiei,
I.N.*aoaa?eea oa ?ioeo.

?acoeueoaoe oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue aeicaieeee caeeanoe oai?aoe/i? iniiae oa
oe?iei ai?iaaaeeoe ia i?aeoeoe? ?iaeaia?i? iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo no?eeino?
onooi?a, ai?o?a ea?’???a oa a?aeaae?a.

?acii c oei, ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui i?iaeaia, yea ?icaeyaea?oueny, ?
iaaecae/aeii neeaaeiith oa aaaaoia?aiiith. Aecia/aiiy iaoeiai
iaa?oioiaaieo aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie
aeiaaa? aeinoia??iiai aecia/aiiy aoaeiae oa aeanoeainoae a??nueeeo
ii??ae o ianea?, ui naia ii nia? ? aaeueie neeaaeiith caaea/ath.
I?oei?ni? aeanoeaino? a??nueeeo ii??ae, ye? aecia/ai? ia c?aceao, ia
iiaeooue aeineoue iiaii oa?aeoa?ecoaaoe ii?? ianeao a??ie/eo ii??ae
aieeao ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o nee. Oiio ioe?iea nooiaiy no?eeino?
ii??aeieo ianea?a iiaeiia cae?enithaaoenue c o?aooaaiiyi ?o
aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, ine?eueee aeaoi?iaoe?ei? ia?aiao?e oea o?
ia?aiao?e, ye? eaaei aecia/athoueny ?ino?oiaioaeueieie iaoiaeaie o
i?e?iaeieo oiiaao.

I?aeaeuaiiy eoo?a noeeo ai?o?a ea?’??o i?eaiaeeoue aei ?noioiiai
cieaeaiiy o?ce/ieo ianya?a ?ice?eaieo ?ia?o ?, ioaea, aei cieaeaiiy
aenieoaoaoe?eieo aeo?ao ia ?ice?eai? ?iaioe. I?ioa i?e oeueiio
a?aeaoaa?oueny ? cieaeaiiy nooiaiy no?eeino? ii??aeiiai noeeo, a a?aeoae
aoaeooue ca?eueooaaoenue aenieoaoaoe?ei? aeo?aoe ia i?aeo?eiaiiy
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie o no?eeiio noai? aeey caaacia/aiiy ?o
aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe??. Iaiaaii, ui i?e aecia/aieo cia/aiiyo eoo?a
noeeo, noia?i? aeo?aoe ia nii?oaeo oa aenieoaoaoe?th a?aee?eoi? a??ie/i?
ae?iaee aoaeooue i?i?iaeueieie.

Iei? ae?th/eie ii?iaoeaieie aeieoiaioaie ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny nooi?iue
no?eeino? a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie ioe?ithaaoe cia/aiiyi

-8-

eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino?, cia/aiiy yeiai anoaiiaeai? ia a?oio?
aenia?oieo ioe?iie oa caei?iaiai aeocaeo i?ia?aeieo oao?aoe?a o aeai?e
iaeano? ? ?o ?ici?? ? noai?i ii?iiaaiei ia?aiao?ii.

I?ioa, o oaia??oi?e /an, oaeee i?aeo?ae ia iiaea aaaaeaoenue aeinoaoiuei
iaa?oioiaaiei c ?yaeo i?e/ei, oa ?ai?o ca ana, c-ca iaiiaeeeaino?
aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy cia/aiue eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino?.

Aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo, c oi/ee ci?o aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?,
aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie iiaeeeai o?eueee o
oiio aeiaaeeo, yeui ?o nooi?iue no?eeino? aoaea aecia/aoenue ia
cia/aiiyi eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino?, a ?ici??ii iaae?eiino? ?o
no?eeiai noaio. I?ioa aei oeueiai /ano ia iioae?eiaaii ?ia?o, o yeeo
aecia/ai? cia/aiiy ii?iaoea?a iaae?eiino? onooi?a, ai?o?a ea?’???a oa
a?aeaae?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae ?o oaoiieia?/ieo ooieoe?e, canoiniaaiiai
ai?ii-o?ainii?oiiai iaeaaeiaiiy oa /ano aenieoaoaoe??.

Ia iniia? aiae?co iioae?eiaaieo iaoa??ae?a iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o o
aaeoc? i?iaiico no?eeino? a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie oa aecia/aiiy ?o
aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a, noi?ioeueiaaia nooi?noue iaoeiai? i?iaeaie, yea
ae??oo?oueny, iaoa oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.

?icae?e 2. I?iaiic no?eeino? i?uaii-aeeienoeo noee?a

c o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

A?aeiii, ui i?oei?noue eieaeueii c?oeiiaaieo ii??aeieo ianea?a
aeyaey?oueny oe?eeii aeinoaoiueith aeey ii?iaeueiiai, aacia/iiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?iaie, ui nii?oaeaeothoueny o oaeeo ianeaao.
O?aooaaiiy caeeoeiai? i?oeiino? a??nueeeo ii??ae i?e aecia/aii?
ia?aiao??a a??ie/eo ae?iaie iiaeeeaa o?eueee i?e aeei?enoaii? o
aaiiaoai?/ieo ?ic?aooieao iiaii? ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo
ii??ae. C iaoith ?noioiiai iie?ioaiiy noaoenoe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee
ai?ieneiaoe?? iiaii? ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae,
cai?iiiiiaaii aeey ?? iieno aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeniiiaioio caeaaei?noue
ianooiiiai aeaeyaeo:

; (1)

-9-

;

((() – i?oei?noue a??nueei? ii?iaee ia cnoa, Ia;

(0 – caeeoeiaa i?oei?noue a??nueei? ii?iaee, Ia;

(0 – a?aie/ia a?aeiinia aeaoi?iaoe?y ii?iaee, /anoee iae.;

(i? – a?aie/ia i?oei?noue a??nueei? ii?iaee ia cnoa, Ia;

b – ?ic?aooieiaee eiao?oe??io, ui aei??aith? 2*10-4.

Aeei?enoaiiy e?eai? aeaeo (1) aeey aiae?oe/iiai iieno iiaii? ae?aa?aie
aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae aeicaiey? iie?ioeoe, ia 22 – 28 %,
noaoenoe/i? ia?aiao?e aiae?oe/iiai iieno yaeua a ii??aiyii? c
eoneiai-e?i?eiith ai?ieneiaoe??th oa ye?nii iie?ioeoe oeae iien a
ii??aiyii? c ai?ieneiaoe??th iie?iiiii o?aoueiai nooiaiy.

*enaeueiee aiae?c ae?aco (1) iieacaa, ui c? c?inoaiiyi ye iieaeoey?iiai
c/aieaiiy, oae ? eooa aioo??oiueiai oa?oy (aeea. ?en. 1-a), oa?aeoa?
aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae ci?ith?oueny o noi?iio a?eueo ??ceiai
i?iyaeaiiy i?oaeieo aeanoeainoae. C? c?inoaiiyi eiao?oe??ioa caeeoeiaiai
oa?oy, niinoa??aa?oueny i?yii i?iii?oe?eiee c??no caeeoeiai? i?oeiino?
ii?iaee. I?e ciaioaii? ii?iaeueii? iai?oae oa?aeoa? ci?ie iiaii?
ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy aeaco? ia c??no ieanoe/ieo aeanoeainoae
a??nueei? ii?iaee (aeea. ?en. 1-a).

Ia iniia? oe??? aeniiiaioii? caeaaeiino? aeey iiaii? ae?aa?aie
aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae, iaea?aeaii ??oaiiy caaea/? i?i
?ic?aooiie nooiaiy no?eeino? i?uaii-aeeienoeo noee?a c o?aooaaiiyi ?o
aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio. I?e oeueiio, ii iaea?eueo iaaacia/i?e iiaa?oi?
cnoao, aecia/aeinue ia o?eueee ni?aa?aeiioaiiy cnoaieo oa no?eioth/eo
nee, aea e a?aoiaoaaeinue, ui ?ici?? oeeo nee ia caeeoa?oueny iino?eiei,
a ci?ith?oueny ca?aeii c ci?iith aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ii??aeiiai noeeo
i?e ia?aoiae? eiai a?ae aeia?aie/iiai aei a?aie/iiai, a iio?i ? o
iaeanoue iicaa?aie/iiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy.

Aeey aecia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino? i?uaii-aeeienoeo noee?a o
noai? aeia?aie/iiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/iee ae?ac (2), a
aeey iicaa?aie/iiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy – ae?ac (3).

-10-

?en. 1. I?iaiiciaaiee aeaeyae aiae?oe/ieo caeaaeiinoae aeey iiaii?
ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae i?e:

a) – ??cieo cia/aiiyo eooa aioo??oiueiai oa?oy, (;;

a) – ??cieo cia/aiiyo ii?iaeueii? iai?oae (n;

; (2)

; (3)

aea ( – ieoiia aaaa a??nueeeo ii??ae, I/i3;

( – eoo aioo??oiueiai oa?oy, a?aae.;

hi – aenioa aeaiaioa?iiai aeiea i?ecie cnoao, i;

N – eiao?oe??io iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy, Ia;

– aeiaaeeia i?ecie cnoao, i;

(i – eoo iaoeeo aeaiaioa?iiai iaeaeai/eea aei ia??th, a?aae.;

(i((i) – cnoaia neea, ui aecia/a?oueny a caeaaeiino? c aeaeii (1), i?e
aeia?aie/iiio cia/aii? a?aeiinii? aeaoi?iaoe??, Ia;

-11-

(j((j) – no?eioth/a neea, ui aecia/a?oueny a caeaaeiino? c aeaeii (1),
i?e iicaa?aie/iiio cia/aii? a?aeiinii? aeaoi?iaoe??, Ia;

*enaeueiee aiae?c aiae?oe/ieo ae?ac?a (2) oa (3) aeicaieea iaea?aeaoe
oai?aoe/i? e?ea? oa aia?oa anoaiiaeoe, ui eiao?oe??io caiano no?eeino?
ii??aeiiai noeeo iae?i?eii cieaeo?oueny ca?aeii c? c?inoaiiyi
e?euee?nieo iieaciee?a eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo
eiao?oe??ioa iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy N (aeea. ?en. 2-a) oa ??cieo
cia/aiiyo eiao?oe??ioa caeeoeiai? i?oeiino? fo? (aeea. ?en. 2-a).
Aiae?coth/e io?eiai? e?ea?, iaiao?aeii a?aecia/eoe, ui eeane/ia ??oaiiy
aeaii? caaea/? ? i?eaaoiei aeiaaeeii io?eiaiiai ??oaiiy i?e
aeaoi?iaoe?yo, ui aei??aiththoue a?aie/iei.

C iaoith ?aae?caoe?? ia i?aeoeoe? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee i?iaiico
no?eeino? ii??aeieo noee?a c o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, aoea
caeeaaeaia niinoa?aaeeeaa noaioe?y oa i?iaaaeaiee oeeee
ia?eoaeaea?nueei-aaiaeace/ieo niinoa?aaeaiue ca aeaoi?iiaaiei noaiii
a?aeaaeo ? 1 ?iACE. Noaioe?y niinoa?aaeaiiy aeeth/aea o nia? n?i
?aia??a, ?icoaoiaaieo ii in? iicaeiaaeiueiai ia?aoeio a?aeaaeo oa
nenoaie ?o i?ea’ycee aei aaiaeace/ii? ia?aae?.

?en. 2. Ci?ia eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino? ii??aeiiai noeeo

c c?inoii eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

a) – i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo eiao?oe??ioa iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy N;

a) – i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo eiao?oe??ioa caeeoeiaiai oa?oy fo?,

-12-

Niinoa?aaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue ia oe?e noaioe?? c aa?aciy 1990 ii /a?aaiue
1992 ?ieo. Aoei aeeiiaii 8 oeeee?a niinoa?aaeaiue. ?acoeueoaoe
aeeiiaieo, ii aeuaiaaaaeai?e iaoiaeeoe?, ?ic?aooie?a i?eaaaeai? ia ?en.
3. Oaeei /eiii anoaiiaeaii, ui a?aeaae ? 1 ?iACE ciaoiaeeoueny o
no?eeiio noai?, a nooi?iue eiai no?eeino? o ??ci? ia??iaee /ano
ia?aaeuo? i?iaeoia cia/aiiy ia 8 – 62 %, ia ciaiooth/enue ieae/a
cia/aiiy 1,32.

?en. 3. Ci?ia eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino? a?aeaaeo

? 1 ?iACE i?ioyaii /ano.

?icae?e 3. I?iaiic no?eeino? neaeueiaeo noee?a c o?aooaaiiyi

?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

Aoaeue-yeee neaeueiaee ianea yaey? niaith eiiaeiia?ao a?aeiniaeaieo
no?oeoo?ieo aeaiaio?a iiae?eaieo nenoaiaie o??uei. I?oei?noue ii
o??ueiao o neaeueiaeo ianeaao caaacia/o?oueny noi?niith ae??th nee
o?ce/iiai oa?oy, iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy oa iaoai?/iiai ca/aieaiiy.
?nioaaiiy nee iaoai?/iiai ca/aieaiiy coiiaeaii ia?a?iciiae?eii ciai?oi?o
nee, yea a?aeaoaa?oueny o ie?aieo ca/aieaiiyo, noai?aieo a?oai oi?noeeie
iiaa?oiyie /anoei a??ie/i? ii?iaee. C o?ce/ii? oi/ee ci?o ? o?ce/ia
oa?oy, ? iaoai?/ia ca/aieaiiy ? ne?aenoaii ?nioaaiiy ia iiaa?oi? o??ueie
??cieo ia??aiinoae. I?ioa ?ici?? oeeo ia??aiinoae ??ciee. I?e
iaoai?/iiio ca/aieaii? ?o ?ici??? ii??aiyii? ii aaee/ei? c ?ici??ii
aca?iiae?th/eo o?e, a i?e o?ce/iiio oa?o? ?ici??aie ia??aiinoae ia
iiaa?oi? o??ueie iiaeia ciaaaaeeoe.

-13-

Aeey iiaeae? o??ueie c o?eeooiith oi?iith iiaa?oi? aenooi?a, iaea?aeai?
aiae?oe/i? ae?ace, ui aecia/athoue iaaeo i?oeiino? ia cnoa oa iaaeo
i?oeiino? ia neie aenooi?a ia iiaa?oi? o??ueie c o?aooaaiiyi nooiaiy ??
?ice?eooy (ae?eaoain??). *enaeueiee aiae?c io?eiaieo ae?ac?a iieacaa, ui
i?oei?noue o??ueie ye ia cnoa, oae ? ia neie cieaeo?oueny c ?inoii
?aoiaaiiai cia/aiiy ae?eaoain?? o cai?ioii i?iii?oe?ei?e caeaaeiino?
(aeea. ?en. 4). Aecia/ai? a?aie/i? cia/aiiy ii?iaeueii? iai?oae, i?e
ye?e i?ioean cnoao ii iiaa?oi? aenooi?a o??ueie ia?aoiaeeoue o i?ioean
?o neieo.

Aeey aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee io?eiaieo aeua oai?aoe/ieo
?acoeueoao?a aoa i?iaaaeaiee oeeee eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ui
iieyaaa o aeciaii? iaae? i?oeiino? ia cnoa ii o??ueiao oa iiaa?oiyo
ineaaeaiiy ye a??nueeeo ii??ae, oae ? ooo/ii noai?aieo iiaeaeae o??uei.

?en. 4. Ianii?o i?oeiino? ii o??uei? c o?aooaaiiyi

nooiaiy ?? ?ice?eooy.

(1 – ianii?o i?oeiino? ia cnoa ii iiaa?oi? aenooi?a o??ueie; 2- ianii?o
i?oeiino? ia neie aenooi?a o??ueie; 3- e?i?y a?aeiia?aeia ia?aiao?ai i?e
yeeo i?ioean cnoao ia?aoiaeeoue o i?ioean neieo).

-14-

A ia?oiio oeeee? aenia?eiaio?a aei?iaiaoaaeenue ooo/ii noai?ai? iiaeae?
o??uei, ye? aeaioiaeyeenue c i?uaii-oeaiaioii? noi?o? oa i?ney 20
aeiaiai? aeo?eiee i?aeaeaaaeenue aei?iaoaaiith ia cnoaiiio i?eeaae?
eiino?oeoe?? AIEIE. I?e oeueiio iiaeaethaaeanue ci?ia ii?iaeueii?
iai?oae, eooa ca/aieaiiy, oi?ie iiaa?oi? o??ueie, eiao?oe??ioa oa?oy oa
iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy ii ?? iiaa?oi?. Aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
aeaa aenie? eiao?oe??ioe ei?aeyoe?? (ia ieae/a 0,913) i?ae aiae?oe/ieie
oa aenia?eiaioaeueieie cia/aiiyie iaae? i?oeiino? ia cnoa.

O ae?oaiio oeeee? aenia?eiaio?a aecia/aeanue iaaea i?oeiino? ia cnoa ii
o??ueiao o a??nueeeo ii?iaeao. Aeey oeueiai aoea a?ae?a?aia eieaeoe?y
c?ace?a a??nueeeo ii??ae c noee?a aenieoaoaoe?eieo ia???a
Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o I?aACE. Aei i?iaaaeaiiy aei?iaoaaiue a?coaeueii
aecia/aeanue ieiua cnoao, aenioa aenooi?a ia iiaa?oi? o??ueie, ?o
e?euee?noue ia iaeeieoeth aeiaaeeie. Aecia/aii, ui eoo ca/aieaiiy, aeey
a?ae?a?aii? eieaeoe?? c?ace?a a??ie/eo ii??ae, ci?ith?oueny o iaaeao
a?ae 30 aei 200, a aenioa aenooi?a ia iiaa?oi? o??uei – a?ae 1 aei 12
ii. C?noaaeaiiy io?eiaieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo i?i iaaeo i?oeiino?
ia cnoa ii o??ueiai oa iiaa?oiyi ineaaeaiiy c ?ic?aooieiaeie iieacaei,
ui a?aeiinia iiieeea i?ae ieie ia iapaaeuo? 11 %.

C o?aooaaiiyi aeiiouaiiy i?i oa, ui aeaoi?ioaaiiy neaeueiaiai ianeao
a?aeaoaa?oueny aai oeyoii eiai cnoao ii o??uei? c aenooiaie o?eeooii?
oi?ie, aai ?o /anoeiaiai neieo, iaea?aeai? aiae?oe/i? ae?ace, ui
aecia/athoue cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino? ii??aeiiai noeeo c
o?aooaaiiyi eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio:

– i?e ?ic?aooieo ia cnoa ii iiaa?oi? aenooi?a o??ueie:

(4)

– i?e ?ic?aooieo ia neie aenooi?a ii iiaa?oi? o??ueie:

(5)

-15-

aea (1 – eoo aioo??oiueiai oa?oy ii iiaa?oi? o??ueie, a?aae.;

N1 – eiao?oe??io iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy ii o??uei?, Ia;

(i – eoo ca/aieaiiy, a?aae;

(h- niinoa?aaeaia cia/aiiy ae?eaoain??, /anoee iae.

Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeieia?? i?iaiico no?eeino? ii??aeieo noee?a c
o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, ?ic?iaeai? iaeaoe i?eeeaaeieo
i?ia?ai “NeUSTUP. SKALA” oa “NeUSTUP.GLINA” aeey ia?niiaeueii? AII oeio
PC IBM.

?icae?e 4. Oai?aoe/iee ?ic?aooiie oa aenia?eiaioaeueia aecia/aiiy
iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie.

I?e aaaeaii? a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o caaaeaee i?eoiaeeoueny iaoe
ni?aao c ii??aeiei ianeaii i?i aeanoeaino? oa noai yeiai a?aeiii ?noioii
iaioa, i?ae iaiao?aeii aeey i?aeoe/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy. Oea coiiaeaii ye
eiai i?e?iaeiith iaiaeii??aei?noth, oae ? i?aeoe/ieie o?oaeiiuaie i?e
aecia/aii? o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoae a??ie/eo ii??ae o i?e?iaeieo oiiaao.
O?aooaaiiy oe??? iaiaeii??aeiino? iiaeeeaa o?eueee o aeiaaeeo
aeei?enoaiiy o aaiiaoai?/ieo ?ic?aooieao iniiaieo i?eioeei?a i?eeeaaeii?
oai??? iaae?eiino?.

Ca?aeii c iaea?eueo ?iciianthaeaeaiith oa iaa?oioiaaiith o?ce/iith
iiaeaeeth ?oeioaaiiy ii??aeieo noee?a, ?o no?eeee aai iano?eeee noai
aecia/a?oueny ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi cnoaieo oa no?eioth/eo nee ii iaea?eueo
iaaacia/i?e iiaa?oi? cnoao. A?aoiaoth/e, ui aeaia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ia
?ioeo iiaa?oiyo cnoao ia no?ee?noue ii??aeiiai noeeo ?noioiiai aieeao ia
iaaea?, cai?iiiiiaaii ?iia??i?noue ?oeioaaiiy ii??aeiiai noeeo aecia/aoe
ia iniia? eiioeaioe?? iaeneaaoi? eaiee. ?ioeie neiaaie i?ioean
?oeioaaiiy ii??aeiiai noeeo ioioiaeith?oueny c ?oeioaaiiyi eaioethaa,
eaiee yei? noai?ththoue iiaa?oi? neiacaiiy o ii??aeiiio ianea?. sse
i?oei?noue eaioethaa ia ?ic?ea aecia/a?oueny i?oei?noth ia ?ic?ea ??
iaeneaaoi? eaiee, naia oae ? no?ee?noue ii??aeiiai noeeo aecia/a?oueny
no?ee?noth a??nueeeo ii??ae ii iaea?eueo iaaacia/i?e iiaa?oi? cnoao.

Ia iniia? aeaii? eiioeaioe?? iaea?aeaiee aiae?oe/iee ae?ac aeey
aecia/aiiy oai?aoe/ii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio ii??aeiiai noeeo o
aeaeyae? (6). ?noioiith a?aeciaeith oeiai ae?aco a?ae a?aeiieo ??oaiue ?
oa, ui a?i iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoenue i?e aoaeue-yeiio niinoa?aaeaiiio
caeii? ?iciiae?eo aeiaaeeiaeo aaee/ei i?oeiino? oa iai?oae o ii??aeiiio
ianea?.

-16-

; (6)

aea HO – oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy iaae?eiino?, /anoee iae.;

( , (0 – ae?th/a iai?oaa oa i?oei?noue a??ie/i? ii?iaee, Ia;

V, V0 – ia’?i ii??aeiiai ianeao oa ia’?i ianeao, yeee ia? iaea?eueo
iaaacia/ia iioeiaeaeaiiy, i3;

a ? b – aii??e/i? eiinoaioe.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c ae?aco (6) aeicaieea anoaiiaeoe, ui i?aeaeuaiiy
iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie iiaea aooe
aeinyaiooi ia o?eueee ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy eiao?oe??ioa caiano
no?eeino?, aea e ca ?aooiie cieaeaiiy ci?iiino? ye no?eioth/eo nee, oae
? cnoaieo iai?oa. Iieacaii, ui c? c?inoaiiyi ci?iiino? i?oeiino?,
iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ii??aeieo noee?a cieaeo?oueny ia 8-10 %
?ioaineai?oa, i?ae i?e aiaeia?/iiio ?ino? ci?iiino? cnoaieo iai?oa.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ii??aeiiai noeeo iae?i?eii
cieaeo?oueny c ?inoii eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? ye eiao?oe??ioa oa?oy, oae
? eiao?oe??ioa iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy (aeea. ?en. 5). ?ioaineai?noue
oaeiai cieaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi aaee/ei nee oa?oy oa
c/aieaiiy o caaaeuei?e i?oeiino? ii?iaee.

?en. 5. Ci?ia iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio ae?iaee c ?inoii

ci?iiino? i?oei?nieo aeanoeainoae ii??aeiiai ianeao.

-17-

I?e oeueiio c??no eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? ye c/aieaiiy, oae ? oa?oy a?ae
ioey aei 40 % coiiaeth? cieaeaiiy iaae?eiino? aaea?/?, a i?e
iiaeaeueoiio c?inoaii? eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? a?ae 40 % aei 100 %
cia/aiiy iaae?eiino? cieaeo?oueny o?eueee ia 25-30 %.

Aeei?enoaiiy i?eeeaaeii? oai??? iaae?eiino? aeey i?iaiico no?eeino?
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie aeicaiey? ?ic?aoiaoaaoe ia o?eueee
oai?aoe/i? cia/aiiy iaae?eiino?, aea e aecia/aoe, ia iniia? aiae?co
i?aeoeee oi?aae?iiy ?o no?ee?noth, cia/aiiy iaae?eiino?, aeinyaiaii? o
i?ioean? aenieoaoaoe?? ae?iaee, ye? iaaeae? ?iaiothoueny
aenieoaoaoe?eiith iaae?ei?noth.

O aeiaaeeo, yeui cnoaiee i?ioean caoiiea iiaa?oith anueiai ii??aeiiai
noeeo (aeea. ?en. 6-a), oi aeey aecia/aiiy aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino?
eiai no?eeiai noaio iaea?aeaii ae?ac (7). A yeui aeaoi?io?oueny o?eueee
iaeei aai a?oia onooi?a ia iiaa?oi? a?aeaaeo aai ai?oo ea?’??o (aeea.
?en. 6-a), oi aeey aecia/aiiy aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? eiai no?eeiai
noaio iaea?aeaii ae?ac (8).

; (7)

; (8)

aea IY – aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue, /anoee iae.;

n – e?euee?noue cnoa?a ia ia’?eo?, iae.;

L – aeiaaeeia ia’?eoa, ui aeine?aeaeo?oueny, i;

li – aeiaaeeia c?oeiiaaii? ae?eyiee a??ie/i? ae?iaee, i;

Q – ia’?i i?ecie cnoao, i3;

Qi – ia’?i cnoao, i3.

C iaoith aecia/aiiy cia/aiue oa caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie aenieoaoaoe?eii?
iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, ca
aeuaiaaaaeaiith iaoiaeeeith, c 1984 ?ieo iaie i?iaiaeeeenue
?ino?oiaioaeuei? niinoa?aaeaiiy ca noaiii aioo??oi?o a?aeaae?a, ?iai/eo
oa ia?iai/eo onooi?a ? ai?o?a ia Caii??cueeiio oa Oaa/aie?anueeeo
ea?’??ao I?aeaeii?e?aecaanueeiai ACE.

O yeino? ii/aoeiaeo aeaieo aeei?enoiaoaaeenue a?aeiia?aei? iaoa??aee
ia?eoaeaea?nueeeo neoaea oa i?iaeoi? ??oaiiy ii aaiiao?e/iei ia?aiao?ai
a??ie/eo ae?iaie, aeeiiai? o ??ci? ?iee

-18-

?inoeoooii “THaeaei?ii?iaeo” oa E?eai??cueeei a?aeae?eaiiyi ?inoeoooo
“AEIAAI”. A i?aenoieo aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue anoaiiaeaii, ui
aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio aioo??oiueiai ia?aaea?aeaaeo
Caii??cueeiai ea?’??o IACE ci?ith?oueny o iaaeao a?ae 46 % aei 72 %; a
aa?oiueiai ?iai/iai onooio oiai ae ea?’??o o iaaeao a?ae 93,5 % aei 97
%.

C?noaaeaiiy aenieoaoaoe?eii? oa oai?aoe/ii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie aeicaiey? ?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i
iaa?oioiaai?noue aeai?o ?ic?aooieiai? noaie aeey aecia/aiiy no?eeino?
ii??aeiiai noeeo oa aeinoia??iino? aecia/aiiy i?oei?nieo aeanoeainoae
ii??aeiiai ianeao.

Aeei?enoaiiy aeuaiaaaaeaii? iaoiaeeee aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aecia/aiiy
aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio ii??aeieo noee?a aeicaiey?
ia o?eueee /enaeueii aecia/eoe nooiaiue ?o no?eeino?, aea e i?iaiicoaaoe
caeiiii??i?noue ?? ci?ie c /anii. Aeey oeueiai aenieoaoaoe?eia
iaae?ei?noue aecia/aeanue i?ioyaii iaaiiai /ano, ii/eiath/e c ii/aoeo ?
aei caaa?oaiiy aenieoaoaoe?? a??ie/i? ae?iaee.

a) a)

EMBED Excel.Chart.5 \s Ioeaea! Ioeaea aiaae?aiiiai iauaeoa.

-19-

I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ?o iaoaiaoe/ia ia?iaea, iaoiaeii iaeiaioeo
eaaae?ao?a, aeicaieeee anoaiiaeoe ianooiia.

Ci?ia c /anii aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? IY no?eeiai noaio no?aeii?
ae?eyiee aioo??oiueiai ia?aaea?aeaaeo Caii??cueeiai ea?’??o
ai?eneio?oueny ianooiiei ??aiyiiyi ca’yceo:

– aeey aaniyii-e?oiueiai ia??iaeo

; ( = 0,932. (9)

– aeey in?iiuei-ceiiaiai ia??iaeo

; ( = 0,975. (10)

Ci?ia c /anii aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio no?aeiiai
ia?iai/iai ai?oo Caii??cueeiai ea?’??o ai?ieneio?oueny ??aiyiiyi ca’yceo
ianooiiiai aeaeyaeo:

; ( = 0,691. (11)

Ci?ia c /anii aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio cao?aeiiai
ia?iai/iai ai?oo Oaa/aie?anueeiai ea?’??o ai?ieneio?oueny ??aiyiiyi
ca’yceo ianooiiiai aeaeyaeo:

; ( = 0,89. (12)

Aenie? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a ei?aeyoe?? aeey io?eiaieo aii??e/ieo
caeiiii??iinoae aeacothoue ia o?niee ca’ycie i?ae aeine?aeaeaieie
iciaeaie ? a?aeoae iiaeia aaaaeaoe aenia?eiaioaeueii anoaiiaeaiei, ui
aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ii??aeieo noee?a c /anii
ciaioo?oueny ca aeniiiaioiei caeiiii.

Io?eiai? aii??e/i? caeiiii??iino? ciaeoee i?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy aeey
i?iaiicoaaiiy ianya?a a??ie/i? iane, ui i?aeeyaa? ia?aaeneaaaoe?? i?e
?ice?eoo? ?oaeieo oa??a ca aaco?ainii?oiith oaoiieia??th ia ea?’??ao
I?aeaeii?e?aecaanueeiai ACE.

Ciath/e /an aenieoaoaoe?? ia?aaea?aeaaeo, c ??aiyiue aeaeo (13-18)
aecia/a?oueny iaae?ei?noue eiai no?eeiai noaio, a iio?i ? i/?eoaaiee
ianya a??ie/i? iane, yeee i?aeeyaa? ia?aaeneaaaoe?? Via?:

Via? = k L (1 – Hy) Snaea; (13)

aea L – aeiaaeeia ae?eyiee ?oaeiiai oa?o, i;

Snaea – ieiua i?ecie cnoao ia?aaea?aeaaeo, i2.

-20-

k – aii??e/iee eiao?oe??io, yeee aeey oiia I?aeaeiiee?aec?anueeiai ACE,
ci?ith?oueny o iaaeao a?ae 0,21 aei 0,4.

Aeei?enoaiiy io?eiaieo aii??e/ieo caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie c /anii
aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio aioo??oi?o ia?aaea?aeaae?a
i?e ?ic?iaoe? ianii?o?a ?ice?eooy ?oaeieo oa??a ca aaco?ainii?oiith
oaoiieia??th, aeicaieeee, ca ?aooiie aeinoia??iiai i?iaiicoaaiiy ianya?a
a??ie/i? iane, yea i?aeeyaa? ia?aaeneaaaoe??, ciaioeoe ?? ianyae ia
ainueie ea?’??ao I?aeaeii?e?aecaanueeiai ACE o 1997 ?ioe? ia 2663 oen.
i3. Oea aeicaieeei iaea?aeaoe aeiiii?/iee aoaeo o ?ici??? 1151 oeny/
a?eaaiue ia ??e.

?icae?e 5. ?ic?aooiie oa iaa?oiooaaiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie.

C oi/ee ci?o aaciaee aaaeaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o eoo noeeo
ae?iaee ia? aooe i?i?iaeueiee, ine?eueee o oeueiio aeiaaeeo iaae?ei?noue
?? no?eeiai noaio aoaea iaeneiaeueia. I?aeaeuaiiy eooa noeeo ae?iaee
iaaecae/aeii aea?aeii c aeiiii?/ii? oi/ee ci?o, ine?eueee i?e oeueiio
?noioii nei?i/o?oueny ianya ?ice?eooy. I?ioa i?aeaeuaiiy eooa noeeo
i?eaiaeeoue aei cieaeaiiy iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio ae?iaee, aae aei
oiai iiiaioo, eiee caeoie a?ae cnoaieo yaeu iiaea aaaaoi?aciai
ia?aaeueoe aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae nei?i/aiiy ianyao ?ice?eooy,
aeeeeeaiiai oaeei i?aeaeuaiiyi. I?e aecia/aieo eooao noeeo, noia?i?
aeo?aoe ia aoae?aieoeoai oa aenieoaoaoe?th a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie
aoaeooue i?i?iaeuei?. Naia oae? ia?aiao?e onooi?a, ai?o?a ea?’???a oa
a?aeaae?a iiaeeeai aaaaeaoe iioeiaeueieie. Cia/aiiy iaae?eiino? no?eeiai
noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, i?e yeeo aeinyaathoueny ?o
iioeiaeuei? aaiiao?e/i? ia?aiao?e, iiaeeeai iaaeae? eiaioaaoe
ii?iaoeaaie iaae?eiino?.

Aeoiaey/e c i?i?i?caoe?? noia?ieo aeo?ao ia aoae?aieoeoai oa
aenieoaoaoe?th a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, ?o iioeiaeuei? aaiiao?e/i?
ia?aiao?e iiaeooue aooe aecia/ai? c ianooiiiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy:

S = A – (Y – O) ( min; (14)

aea S – noia?ia aa?o?noue aoae?aieoeoaa oa aenieoaoaoe?? ae?iaee,
a?i.;

A – noia?i? aeo?aoe ia ?? aoae?aieoeoai, a?i.;

Y – aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae ca?eueoaiiy eooa noeeo ae?iaee i?e ??
aoae?aieoeoa?, a?i.;

-21-

O – i/?eoaaiee caeoie a?ae ca?eueoaiiy eooa noeeo ae?iaee i?e ??
aenieoaoaoe??, a?i.

Aa?o?noue aoae?aieoeoaa aoaeue-yei? a?aee?eoi? a??ie/i? ae?iaee
neeaaea?oueny c oe?eiai ia?ae?eo aeo?ao iaeaaaeeea?oeie c yeeo ? aeo?aoe
ia AA?, o?ainii?ooaaiiy a??ie/i? iane, iaeeai, iaoa??aee, ca?ia?oio
ieaoo oa oaea ?ioa. Iae?e oeeo aeo?ao i?e aecia/aii? iioeiaeueieo
ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie ia iaia’yceiaee, ine?eueee i?e
aaiiaoai?/ieo ?ic?aooieao an? oe? aeo?aoe caeeoathoueny iaci?iieie,
oiaoi A = const.

Oiae? oiiaa i?i?ioio noia?ieo aeo?ao ia aoae?aieoeoai oa aenieoaoaoe?th
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, yea aecia/a? ?o iioeiaeuei? aaiiao?e/i?
ia?aiao?e, aei??aith? oiia? iaeneioio oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo D:

D = Y – O ( max ; (15)

Aeiiii?/iee aoaeo Y a?ae ca?eueoaiiy eooa noeeo ae?iaee i?e ??
aoae?aieoeoa? aecia/a?oueny oaeei /eiii:

(16)

aea N – nia?aa?o?noue 1i3 ?ice?eooy, a?i./i3;

E – ieoii? eai?oaeuei? aeo?aoe ia 1i3 ?ice?eooy, a?i./i3;

AI – ii?iaoeaiee eiao?oe??io aoaeoeaiino? eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue,
/anoee iae.;

(V – aeiiii?y ?ice?eooy i?e ca?eueoaii? eooa noeeo a??ie/i? ae?iaee, i3.

Ca?eueoaiiy eooa noeeo ai?oo ea?’??o i?eaiaeeoue ia o?eueee aei
ciaioaiiy ianya?a ?ice?eooy, aea e aei ca?eueoaiiy ?iia??iino?
?oeioaaiiy ae?iaee aai ?? aeaiaio?a. I?iaiiciaaia ?? aeaoi?ioaaiiy
i?eaaaea aei caeoe?a, iniiaieie c yeeo ? ianooii? aeaee aeo?ao:

O = Oi?+ O0 + Oe ; (17)

aea O0 – aeo?aoe ia ia?aaeneaaaoe?th cnoaieo ian oa a?aeaoaeiao
noee?a o i?iaeoia iieiaeaiiy; a?i;

Oi? – aeo?aoe, iia’ycai? c coieieith i?aei?e?inoaa, a?i;

Oe – aeo?aoe ia a?aeiiaeaiiy o?ainii?oieo eiioi?eaoe?e, a?i.

I/?eoaaiee caeoie a?ae i?inoiya i?aei?e?inoaa aei??aith?:

(18)

-22-

aea P1 – aeiaiaa i?iaeoeoeai?noue i?aei?e?inoaa, i3 / aeiao;

Cq – nia?aa?o?noue 1 i3 ei?enii? eiiaeeie, a?i./i3;

I – ieoiia aaaa oiiaii-iino?eieo aeo?ao o nia?aa?oino? i?iaeoeoe??,
/anoee iae.;

Q1 – ia’?i cnoao, yeee i?aeeyaa? a?aei?aoethaaiith i?e a?aeiiaeaii?
?iai/i? aa?ie, i3;

Q2 – ?ice?ea, yeee i?aeeyaa? aeeiaiith i?e a?aeoai?aii? ?iai/i? aa?ie,
i3;

q – aeiaiaa i?iaeoeoeai?noue a??ie/iai iaeaaeiaiiy, i3 / aeiao;

n – e?euee?noue iaeaaeiaiiy, ui aeei?enoiao?oueny, iae.

I?iaiiciaaia cia/aiiy ia?aiao??a Q1 oa Q2 iiaea aooe aecia/aii, ia
i?aenoaa? aieiaieo i?eioeei?a i?eeeaaeii? oai??? iaae?eiino?, oaeei
/eiii:

(19)

aea IO – oai?aoe/ia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ae?iaee, /anoee
iae.;

Snaea – ieiua i?ecie cnoao, i2;

L, h – aeiaaeeia oa aenioa ae?iaee, i;

a – oe?eia aa?ie aaciaee, i;

(t – eiao?oe??io, yeee aei??aith? iaeeieoe?, eiee o?ainii?oio aa?io
iaiao?aeii a?aeiiaethaaoe, oa ioeth – eiee i?;

k1, k2 – aii??e/i? eiao?oe??ioe, /anoee iae.

Aeo?aoe O0 ia ia?aaeneaaaoe?th cnoaieo ian oa aeiaeaoeiaee ?ice?ea,
iia’ycaiee c a?aeiiaeaiiyi iaiao?aeieo ?iai/eo iaeaeai/ee?a oa
o?ainii?oieo aa?i, aei??aiththoue:

O0 = (Q1 + Q2)(C + EH K)(R; (20)

aea R – aac?ici??iee eiao?oe??io iiaei?iae/aiiy 1 i3 ?ice?eooy.

Ia iniia? aeuaiaaaaeaii? iaoiaeeee, ?ic?iaeaiee iaeao i?eeeaaeieo
i?ia?ai “NeUSTUP.I?O” aeey ia?niiaeueii? AII oeio PC IBM, ?aae?caoe?y
yeeo aeicaieeea aecia/eoe caeiiii??iino? ci?ie aeiiii?/iiai aoaeoo,
i/?eoaaiiai caeoeo oa oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo i?e ca?eueoaii? eooa
noeeo ai?oo ea?’??o aeey a??ie/i-aaieia?/ieo oa oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo oiia
Caii??cueeiai ea?’??o IACE (?en. 7 -a) oa Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o
I?aiACE (?en. 7 -a). C i?eaaaeaieo a?ao?e?a aeaeii, ui iaeneiaeueia
cia/aiiy oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo ? aecia/a? iioeiaeueiee eoo noeeo
a??ie/i? ae?iaee.

-23-

?en. 7. Ci?ia oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo i?e ca?eueoaii? eooa noeeo:

a) – ia?iai/iai ai?oo Caii??cueeiai ea?’??o IACE;

a) – ia?iai/iai ai?oo Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o I?aiACE.

(1 – e?eaa c?inoo aeiiii?/iiai aoaeoo; 2 – e?eaa c?inoo i?iaiiciaaiiai
caeoeo; 3 – e?eaa ci?ie oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo.)

?acii c oei i?aeoeea aaaeaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ?ia?o iaeiicia/ii
aeaco? ia oa, ui aaee/eia aeiiii?/iiai caeoeo a?ae cnoaieo i?ioean?a
caeaaeeoue ia o?eueee a?ae ?o ianyao, aea e a?ae eiie?aoieo
a??ie/i-aaieia?/ieo oa oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo oiia ia a??ie/iio
i?aei?e?inoa?, noaie aee?eooy ?iaeiaeua, oaoiieia?? oa no?oeoo?e
eiiieaenii? iaoai?caoe?? a??ie/eo ?ia?o, nai?/aniino? canoinoaaiiy oa
iaa?oioiaaiino? aeai?o ?iaeaia?ii-oaoi?/ieo caoiae?a uiaei e?ea?aeaoe??
iane?aee?a cnoao, ia?aoo?, eaae?o?eaoe?? ?ia?oiee?a oa aieiaieo
oao?aoe?a a??ie/iai i?aei?e?inoaa. O ca’yceo c oeei iaie aoa i?iaaaeaiee
aiae?c a?eueoa ye aeaionio aeiaaee?a ?oeioaaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo
ae?iaie ia ea?’??ao Oe?a?ie oa e?a?i NIAe. A yeino? ii/aoeiaeo aeaieo
aeei?enoiaoaaeenue a?aeiiino? i?i cnoae, ye? iathoueny o a?ae?ioaeao
EAE, AIEIE, (i. Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a), IAAO (i. Iineaa), EOO, IAAAAe (i.
E?eaee ??a), a oaeiae aaciina?aaei? niinoa?aaeaiiy aaoi?a ca
aeaoi?ioaaiiyi a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie ia I?aeaeii?e?aecaanueeiio,
I?eeani?enueeiio, E?eai??cueeeo a??ie/i-caaaa/oaaeueieo eiia?iaoao.

-24-

I?e i?iaaaeaii? oaeiai aiae?co, cia/aiiy oaeoe/iiai caeoeo a?ae
?oeioaaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie a?aeiineeenue aei ia’?io cnoao c
iaoith aecia/aiiy niinoa?aaeaiiai oaeoe/iiai i?eaaaeaiiai aeiiii?/iiai
caeoeo (Oo:

(21)

aea Oo – oaeoe/iee caeoie a?ae ?oeioaaiiy a??ie/i? ae?iaee, ?oa.;

Vi – ianya aeaiiai cnoao, i3.

Io?eiai?, oaeei /eiii, cia/aiiy i?eaaaeaiiai aeiiii?/iiai caeoeo
a?oioaaeenue ca?aeii c oaoiieia?/iei i?ecia/aiiyi ae?iaee aea noaany
cnoa, a??ie/i-o?ainii?oiiai iaeaaeiaiiy, ui canoiniao?oueny ia aeaiiio
ia’?eo?, /anii aenieoaoaoe?? ae?iaee oa oaea ?ioa. O ?acoeueoao?
aecia/ai? oa i?eaaaeai? o oaaeeoe? 1 cia/aiiy oaeoe/iiai i?eaaaeaiiai
aeiiii?/iiai caeoeo a?ae ?oeioaaiiy onooi?a oa ai?o?a ea?’???a ia
a??ie/eo i?aei?e?inoaao Oe?a?ie. Ie??i oeueiai, a oaae. 1 i?eaaaeai? ?
oai?aoe/i? cia/aiiy i?eaaaeaiiai aeiiii?/iiai caeoeo a?ae ?oeioaaiiy
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie (Oo , ye? aecia/ai? ca?aeii c ae?acaie
(17-20). C?noaaeaiiy oeeo aeaieo iieaco?, ui oaeoe/i? cia/aiiy
i?eaaaeaiiai caeoeo a?ae ?oeioaaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, cia/ii
o 2-8 ?ac?a iaioa ?o i?iaiiciaaiiai oai?aoe/iiai cia/aiiy.

Oaaeeoey 1.

Oaeoe/i? oa oai?aoe/i? cia/aiiy i?eaaaeaiiai caeoeo a?ae

cnoaieo i?ioean?a ia ea?’??ao Oe?a?ie.

Iaeiaioaaiiy ia’?eo?a (Oo; ?oa./i3 (Oo; ?oa./i3

Ia?iai/? onooie i?e:

– eiiaa??iiio o?ainii?o?

– cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?

– aaoio?ainii?o?

4,18

2,71

0,58

15,1

11,2

4,88

?iai/? onooie i?e:

– o?ainii?oii-a?aeaaeuei?e nenoai?

– eiiaa??iiio o?ainii?o?

– cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?

– aaoio?ainii?o?

4,34

3,14

2,37

0,53

25,1

4,98

3,85

1,52

?iai/? ai?oe 1,83 4,23

Ia?iai/? ai?oe 4,17 16,3

Ciai?oi? o?aioa? 7,19 27,8

I?ei?oea: Aeaii? oaaeeoe? iaea?aeai? c o?aooaaiiyi ianooaao oe?i 1990
?ieo.

-25-

Aeuaiaaaaeaio iaoiaeeeo aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?e ?aeiino?oeoe??
a??ie/eo i?aei?e?inoa, a i?e i?iaeooaaii? aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a
ea?’??o, ui aoaeo?oueny, iaiao?aeia iayai?noue ii?iaoeaieo iieaciee?a,
ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue nooi?iue no?eeino? onooi?a, ai?o?a ea?’???a oa
a?aeaae?a.

O ca’yceo c oeei, a?aoiaoth/e i?yii i?iii?oe?eio caeaaei?noue i?ae eooii
noeeo ae?iaee oa iaae?ei?noth ?? no?eeiai noaio, iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/iee
ae?ac (22) aeey aecia/aiiy oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo ? o oiio
aeiaaeeo, yeui o yeino? iacaeaaeiiai a?aoiaioo aeei?enoiao?oueny ia
cia/aiiy eooa noeeo ae?iaee, a cia/aiiy iaae?eiino? ?? no?eeiai noaio:

(22)

aea H( ,H(1 – iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoi? a??ie/i?
ae?iaee c eooii noeeo (, oa (1 a?aeiia?aeii, /anoee iae.;

t – /an ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?iaee, e?o;

O – a?aeaeaeai?noue ia??iaeo i?iaaaeaiiy cao?ao a?ae i?eeiyoiai ia??iaeo
i?eaaaeaiiy; ?iee;

h – aenioa a?aee?eoi? a??ie/i? ae?iaee, i.

Cia/aiiy iaae?eiino?, i?e ye?e aeinyaa?oueny iaeneiaeueia cia/aiiy
oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? aeioiaeo, ? aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaiei ii?iaoeaii
iaae?eiino? (?eceeo), a eoo noeeo a?aee?eoi? a??ie/i? ae?iaee, i?e yeiio
iaae?ei?noue eiai no?eeiai noaio a?aeiia?aea? aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaiiio
ii?iaoeao iaae?eiino?, ? iioeiaeueiei.

Ia iniia? ?ic?aooieiaeo oaoiieia?/ieo noai, i?eaaaeaieo ia ?en. 8, oa c
o?aooaaiiyi ina?aaeiaiieo aeaieo i?i oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? iieacieee, ye?
aeinyaiaii? o oaia??oi?e /an ia a??ie/i?oaeieo i?aei?e?inoaao Oe?a?ie, c
ae?aco (22), aecia/ai? oa i?eaaaeai? o oaaeeoe? 2 cia/aiiy ii?iaoea?a
iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio onooi?a, ai?o?a ea?’???a oa a?aeaae?a ca?aeii
c /anii ?o aenieoaoaoe??, oaoiieia?/ieie ooieoe?yie oa oeiii
a??ie/i-o?ainii?oiiai iaeaaeiaiiy, ui i?e oeueiio canoiniao?oueny.

-26-

?en. 8. ?ic?aooieia? oaoiieia?/i? noaie aeey aecia/aiiy

ii?iaoea?a iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio:

a) – ciai?oi?o o?aioae; a) – ia?iai/eo onooi?a i?e eiiaa??iiio
o?ainii?o?; a) – ?iai/eo ai?o?a; a) – ?iai/eo onooi?a i?e cae?cie/iiio
o?ainii?o?.

Aeaaa 6. I?iaiic no?eeino? oa iioei?caoe?y ia?aiao??a ai?o?a

aeeaieeo ea?’???a o neeaaeieo a??ie/i-aaieia?/ieo oiiaao.

C iaoith aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo
Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o I?aiACE, ia iniia? aiae?co eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai
noaio, ia aeaiiio ia’?eo? aoea noai?aia ia?eoaeaea?nueei-aaiaeace/ia
n?oea, yea aeeth/aea a nia? o?e aeaoi?iaoe?ei? e?i??, ui i?ioiaeeee ii
i?ai?/i?e noi?ii? ea?’??o: ia?oa – ia ia??? aea aoaeo?oueny eiiieaen
OeIO; ae?oaa – ii ?oaeiiio o?aeoo; o?aoy – ii iiaa?oi? ai?oo ea?’??o. Ca
ia??iae c a?oaeiy 1992 ?ieo ii o?aaaiue 1995 ?ieo aoei i?iaaaeaii n?i
oeeee?a cai???a aeaoi?iaoe?eiiai iiey ia ai?oo ea?’??o. O?eaaeee
i?ii?aeie /ano, a?eueo o?ueio ?ie?a, i?ioyaii yeiai cae?enithaaeenue
ia?eoaeaea?nueei-aaiaeace/i? niinoa?aaeaiiy, aeicaiey? a?oioiaii
aaaaeaoe, ui iaea?aeaia aeinoia??ia ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i ?aaeoe?th ii??aeiiai
ianeao ia i?e?iaei? oa oaoiiaaii? aieeae.

-27-

Ia iniia? aiae?co aeaoi?iaoe?eiiai iiey o ?aeii? i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai
ai?oo aeae?eaii /ioe?e ii??aeieo aeie?a ? iieacaii, ui c oeeo aeie?a
iniiaiee aieea ia no?ee?noue ai?oo ea?’??o o oe?eiio aoaea iaaeaaaoe
aeaoi?ioaaiiy aeie?a “A” oa “N”.

Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo iaeao?a i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai “NeUSTUP.SKALA”,
“NeUSTUP.I?O” oa ?ic?aooieiai? noaie, i?eaaaeaii? ia ?en. 9 anoaiiaeaii,
ui iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ci?ith?oueny o ia?a??c? no?oeoo?iiai
aeiea “A” o iaaeao a?ae 99,95 % (aeey ai?oo ea?’??o) aei 92,9 % (aeey
nia?aieo onooi?a ieae/a ?oaeiiai o?aeoo). A a ia?a??c? no?oeoo?iiai
aeiea “N” o iaaeao a?ae 99,91 %, (aeey ai?oo ea?’??o), aei 91,3 % (aeey
nia?aieo onooi?a ieae/a ?oaeiiai o?aeoo).

Oaaeeoey 2.

?aeiiaiaeiaai? cia/aiiy ii?iaoea?a iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie

Iaeiaioaaiiy

ia’?eo?a Ii?ia

iaae?eiino?

(/an aenieoaoaoe??

aei 5 ?ie?a, % ) Ii?ia

iaae?eiino?

(/an aenieoaoaoe??

a?eueoa 5 ?ie?a, %)

?iai/? ai?oe 91,0 93,3

Ia?iai/? ai?oe 94,2 97,8

Ciai?oi? o?aioa? 96,5 98,5

Ciai?oi? a?aeaaee 88,7 92,5

Aioo??oi? a?aeaaee :

– iniiaiee a?aeaae

– ia?aaea?aeaae

84,7

76,3

90,4

?iai/? onooie, i?e:

– eiiaa??iiio o?ainii?o?

– cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?

– aaoio?ainii?o?

– o?ainii?oii-

-a?aeaaeuei?e nenoai?

91,5

89,2

81,5

94,5

95,4

93,8

90,4

96,1

Ia?iai/? onooie, i?e:

– eiiaa??iiio o?ainii?o?

– cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?

– aaoio?ainii?o?

95,4

92,7

84,5

97,4

94,3

89,6

-28-

Iaea?aeaia ?ic?aooieiaa caeiiii??i?noue ci?ie c /anii iaae?eiino?
no?eeiai noaio ai?oo ea?’??o ii ia?aoeio no?oeoo?iiai aeiea “N”, yea
ai?ieneio?oueny ianooiiei ??aiyiiyi:

; ( = 0,69. (23)

Aecia/aii cia/aiiy ii?iaoeao iaae?eiino? aeey i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo
Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o ii ia?aoeio no?oeoo?iiai aeiea “N”: II = 94, 2
%; aeey nia?aieo onooi?a ieae/a ?oaeiiai o?aeoo II= 86, 1 %. C
o?aooaaiiyi oeeo aeaieo aecia/aii a?aie/iee /an aenieoaoaoe??: aeey
ai?oo ea?’??o o oe?eiio ti? = 87 i?nyoe?a; aeey nia?aieo onooi?a ieae/a
?oaeiiai o?aeoo ti? = 73 i?nyoey.

Aecia/aii cia/aiiy iioeiaeueiiai eooa noeeo i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo
Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o I?aiACE – 42,40 (i?e eiai aenio? ia a?eueo 400
i); aeey nia?aieo onooi?a ieae/a ?oaeiiai o?aeoo – 46,70 (i?e ?o aenio?
ia a?eueo 120 i.). Io?eiai? cia/aiiy iioeiaeueiiai eooo noeeo nia?aieo
onooi?a ieae/a ?oaeiiai o?aeoo aeei?enoaii? i?e ?ic?iaoe? i?iaeoo oa
iinoaiiaoe? o oei/aniai-iino?eia iieiaeaiiy i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo
Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o, ui aeicaieeei ciaioeoe o 1994 ?ioe? ianyae
?ice?eaieo ?ia?o ia 498,64 oen. i3 (aeea. ?en. 9). ??/iee aeiiii?/iee
aoaeo a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeaieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e neeaa 2214,5 iei. e?a.,
o oe?iao oeueiai ia??iaeo.

?en. 9. Aei aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a

i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o I?aiACE.

-29-

A E N I I A I E

I?aaenoaaeaia aeena?oaoe?y ? cae?i/aiith iaoeiai-aeine?aeiith ?iaioith,
o ye?e i?iaaaeaii oai?aoe/ia ocaaaeueiaiiy oa aeaii ??oaiiy cia/ii?
iaoeiai? i?iaeaie i?iaiico no?eeino? oa iioei?caoe?? ia?aiao??a
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie c o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, ui
aeicaiey? nei?ioeoe noia?i? aeo?aoe ia ?o aoae?aieoeoai oa
aenieoaoaoe?th, caaacia/o? aaciaeo aaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ?ia?o oa i?aeaeuo?
aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue aeaeiaoaaiiy ei?enieo eiiaeei a?aee?eoei
niiniaii.

Noai ieoaiiy. ?noioia ca?eueoaiiy aeeaeie aaaeaiiy a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo
?ia?o oa cia/ia a?aenoaaaiiy ?ice?eaieo ?ia?o coiiaeththoue i?aeaeuaiiy
eoo?a noeeo ia?iai/eo ai?o?a ea?’???a. Ca oeeo oiia i?iaeaia i?iaiico
no?eeino? oa iioei?caoe?? ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie ?
iaeiei c iniiaieo oaeoi??a, ui aecia/a? ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo o
E?eai??cueeiio aanaei? aeaeiaoaaiiy cae?cieo ?oae a?aee?eoei niiniaii.
I?iaeaia, ui ?icaeyaea?oueny, ? aaeueie neeaaeiith oa aaaaoia?aiiith,
aeey ??oaiiy yei? iaiao?aeii aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaoiaee i?eeeaaeii? oai???
iaae?eiino?, ui coiiaeaii noioanoe/iei oa?aeoa?ii aaiiaoai?/ieo
i?ioean?a ye? a?aeaoaathoueny o ii??aeiiio ianea?, a oaeiae ?o
aeaoi?iaoe?ei? ia?aiao?e, ine?eueee oea o? ia?aiao?e, ye? iia?aoeaii oa
aeinoia??ii aecia/athoueny ?ino?oiaioaeueieie iaoiaeaie o iaoo?ieo
oiiaao.

Aeey ??oaiiy aeaii? iaoeiai? i?iaeaie aeei?enoiaoaaany eiiieaeniee
iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiue, ui aeeth/a?: aeiiii?/iee oa noaoenoe/iee aiae?c
i?aeoeee oi?aae?iiy no?ee?noth a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie; aiae?oe/i?
oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a aeaoi?ioaaiiy oa
?oeioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae, o oiio /ene? aeaiaioe noaoenoe/ii? oai???
i?oeiino?; iaoiaee i?eeeaaeii? oai??? iaae?eiino?, cie?aia iaoiae
aaniethoii? aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ii? iioei?caoe??, aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy
iioeiaeueieo aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie;
?ino?oiaioaeuei? niinoa?aaeaiiy ca aeaoi?iiaaiei noaiii ii??aeieo
noee?a; iaoiaee oai??? ?iia??iino?, iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee oa
ei?aeyoe?eiiai aiae?co c ia?iaeith aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo ia AII ca
noaiaea?oieie i?ia?aiaie.

Iaa?oioiaai?noue oa aeinoia??i?noue iaoeiaeo iieiaeaiue, aeniiae?a oa
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny canoinoaaiiyi no/anieo iaoeiaeo
iaoiae?a cai?o oa ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe?? c aeei?enoaiiyi eiii’thoa??a;

-30-

aiae?cii oa oai?aoe/iei ocaaaeueiaiiyi i?aaenoaaieoeueeiai ianyao
?ioi?iaoe?? (ca 1984-1998 ?iee) i?i i?aeoeeo oi?aae?iiy no?ee?noth
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie o iao?e e?a?i? oa ca ?? iaaeaie; aenieeie
cia/aiiyie eiao?oe??io?a ei?aeyoe?? i?ae aiae?oe/ieie ?acoeueoaoaie oa
aeaieie eaai?aoi?ieo ? i?iieneiaeo aenia?eiaio?a; iiceoeaiei aoaeoii
a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo no?eeino? oa
iioei?caoe?? ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie o a??ie/a
ae?iaieoeoai.

Iniiai? iaoeia? oa i?aeoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe.

1. Aia?oa aeey iieno iiaii? ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae
cai?iiiiiaaii aeei?enoiaoaaoe aiae?oe/io caeaaei?noue aeniiiaioiiai
aeaeyaeo, ui aeicaiey? iie?ioeoe ia 22-28 %, noaoenoe/i? ia?aiao?e
aiae?oe/iiai iieno yaeua a ii??aiyii? c eoneiai-e?i?eiith
ai?ieneiaoe??th oa ye?nii iie?ioeoe oeae iien a ii??aiyii? c
ai?ieneiaoe??th iie?iiiii o?aoueiai nooiaiy.

2. Aia?oa iaea?aeaii ??oaiiy caaea/? i?i ?ic?aooiie nooiaiy no?eeino?
i?uaii-aeeienoiai ii??aeiiai noeeo c o?aooaaiiyi eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai
noaio. Io?eiaia ??oaiiy aeicaiey? aecia/aoe nooi?iue no?eeino?
a?aee?eoi? a??ie/i? ae?iaee ia o?eueee i?e i?iaeooaaii?, aea e
eiio?iethaaoe nooi?iue ?? no?eeino? o i?ioean? aenieoaoaoe??.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui o ia??iae niinoa?aaeaiiy ca aeaoi?iiaaiei noaiii
ii??aeiiai a?aeaaeo ? 1 ?iACE, eiao?oe??io caiano eiai no?eeino?
ia?aaeuoaaa i?iaeoia cia/aiiy ia 8- 62 %, ia ciaiooth/enue ieae/a
cia/aiiy 1,32.

3. Iieacaii, ui i?oei?noue neaeueiaeo a??nueeeo ii??ae ii o??ueiao oa
iiaa?oiyo ineaaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny noi?niith ae??th nee o?ce/iiai oa?oy,
iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy oa iaoai?/iiai ca/aieaiiy. Iaea?aeaii ae?ac aeey
aecia/aiiy iaae? i?oeiino? ia cnoa oa neie ii o??uei? caeaaeii a?ae
nooiaiy ?? ?ice?eooy, ia iniia? yeiai iaea?aeaii ??oaiiy caaea/?
aecia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino? neaeueiaiai ii??aeiiai noeeo c
o?aooaaiiyi eiai aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

4. Aia?oa, ia iniia? noaoenoe/ii? oai??? i?oeiino?, iaea?aeaii
aiae?oe/iee ae?ac aeey aecia/aiiy oai?aoe/ii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, yeee a?ae??ciy?oueny oei, ui iiaea
aeei?enoiaoaaoenue iacaeaaeii a?ae caeiio, ui niinoa??aa?oueny,
?iciiae?eo aeiaaeeiaeo aaee/ei i?oeiino? oa iai?oae o ii??aeiiio ianea?.

5. Anoaiiaeaii, ui c? c?inoaiiyi eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? i?oeiino?,
iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ii??aeieo noee?a cieaeo?oueny ia 8-10 %
?ioaineai?oa, i?ae i?e aiaeia?/iiio c?inoaii? eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe??

-31-

cnoaieo iai?oa. Iieacaii, ui c??no eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? ye
iieaeoey?iiai c/aieaiiy, oae ? o?ce/iiai oa?oy aei 40 %, coiiaeth?
cieaeaiiy iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio ae?iaee aaea?/?, a iiaeaeueoee
c??no ?o eiao?oe??ioa aa??aoe?? aei 100 %, i?eaiaeeoue aei cieaeaiiy
iaae?eiino? o?eueee ia 25-30 %.

6. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aeey aecia/aiiy aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino?
no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie ia iniia? aiae?co i?aeoeee
oi?aae?iiy ?o no?ee?noth, oa aia?oa anoaiiaeaii, ui aenieoaoaoe?eia
iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio ianoaaeaieo ai?o?a ea?’???a Oe?a?ie
ci?ith?oueny o iaaeao a?ae 93,5 % aei 97,3 %, a aioo??oi?o
ia?aaea?aeaae?a o iaaeao a?ae 46,1 % aei 72,4 %. Aeiaaaeaii, ui
aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie
c /anii cieaeo?oueny ca aeniiiaioiei caeiiii oa aecia/ai? aii??e/i?
caeiiii??iino? oaeiai cieaeaiiy.

7. Aia?oa aeey aecia/aiiy ianya?a a??ie/i? iane, yea i?aeeyaa?
ia?aaeneaaaoe?? i?e ?ice?eoo? ?oaeieo oa??a ca aaco?ainii?oiith
oaoiieia??th, aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aii??e/i? caeiiii??iino? ci?ie o /an?
aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio aioo??oi?o ia?aaea?aeaae?a.

8. ?ic?iaeaia aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue aeey aaniethoii?
iioei?caoe?? aaiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie, yea
a?ae??ciy?oueny oei, ui aeicaiey? iaeii/anii aecia/aoe ooieoe?iiaeuei?
caeaaeiino? ye c?inoaiiy aeiiii?/iiai aoaeoo, oae ? c?inoaiiy caeoe?a,
ui i?iaiicothoueny, i?e ca?eueoaii? ?o eoo?a noeeo, aeey ??cieo
a??ie/i-aaieia?/ieo oiia oa oaoieei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a a??ie/iai
i?aei?e?inoaa ? ia oe?e iniia? aecia/aoe ia?aiao?e i?e yeeo noia?i?
aeo?aoe ia aoae?aieoeoai oa aenieoaoaoe?th a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie
aoaeooue i?i?iaeuei?.

9. Aeiaaaeaii, ui cia/aiiy ii?iaoea?a iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie caeaaeaoue a?ae /ano ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy, oa
aia?oa anoaiiaeaii, ui oe? ii?iaoeae ci?iththoueny o iaaeao a?ae 76,3%
aei 96,5 % i?e aenieoaoaoe?? a?aee?eoeo ae?iaie aei 5 ?ie?a oa a iaaeao
a?ae 89,6 % aei 98,5 % i?e ?o aenieoaoaoe?? iiiaae 5 ?ie?a.

10. Aeey i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai ai?oo Ia?oio?aaiaaiai ea?’??o aia?oa
anoaiiaeaii: ii?iaoea iaae?eiino? -94,2 %, a?aie/iee /an aenieoaoaoe?? –
87 i?nyoe?a, iioeiaeueiee eoo noeeo 42,40 (i?e eiai aenio? ia a?eueo 400
iao??a). Aeey a?oie nia?aieo onooi?a oe??? ae?iaee, yea ciaoiaeeoueny
ieae/a ?oaeiiai o?aeoo, aia?oa anoaiiaeaii: ii?iaoea iaae?eiino? -86,1
%; a?aie/iee /an aenieoaoaoe?? – 73 i?nyoey; iioeiaeueiee eoo noeeo
46,70 (i?e ?o aenio? ia a?eueoa 120 i.).

-32-

?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii aeei?enoaiith io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe i?ieoee ai?iaaoe?th oa ai?iaaaeaeai?
o i?iieneia?noue ia IACE oa I?aiACE, a oaeiae i?eeiyo? aei i?aeoe/iiai
aeei?enoaiiy aea?aeaaiei i?iaeoii-eiino?oeoi?neei i?aei?e?inoaii IAAAAe,
ui i?aeoaa?aeaeaii a?aeiia?aeieie aeoaie ai?iaaaeaeaiiy. ?ic?iaeaia
iaoiaeeea iaa?oiooaaiiy ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie iiaea
aooe aeei?enoaia ia an?o ea?’??ao Oe?a?ie. C iaoith iie?ioaiiy
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a ?iaioe E?eai??cueeeo ea?’???a aeioe?eueia
i?aeaeuaiiy eoo?a noeeo ia?iai/eo ai?o?a aei cia/aiue 450-550, aeey /iai
?niothoue on? ia?aaeoiiae ? yea iiaeiii noi?iaiaeaeoaaoenue noai?aiiyi
ia ea?’??ao iino?eii ae?th/eo ia?eoaeaea?nueei-aaiaeace/ieo ia?aae aeey
aecia/aiiy aeaoi?iaoe?eiiai a?aeaoeo ii??aeieo ianea?a ia i?e?iaei? oa
oaoiiaaii? aieeae c iaoith iia?aoeaiiai eiio?ieth ca ?o no?ee?noth oa
caaacia/aiiy aacia/iiai aaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ?ia?o.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? o oaeeo ?iaioao:

1. Ianiaoiue A.A. Iioeiecaoeey aaiiao?e/aneeo ia?aiao?ia ioe?uouo ai?iuo
au?aaioie. -E?eaie ?ia: Ecae-ai “Ieia?ae”, 1999. -118 n.

2. Ianiaoiue A.A., ?iiaiaiei A.A. I?iaiic onoie/eainoe ai?oia ?oaeiuo
ea?uea?ia // ?inney, Ai?iue aeo?iae. -1999. ? 2, N. 36-37.

3. Ianiaoiue A.A., ?iiaiaiei A.A., *a?iue A.A. Ooi/iaiea aaino?oeoo?u
naaa?i-ainoi/iiai ai?oa Ia?aiiaeneiai ea?uea?a ia iniiaaiee
enneaaeiaaiey aai aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey // Iaoaeeo?ae/aneay e
ai?ii?oaeiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. -1998. -? 3, N. 80-82.

4. Nesmashnyi Y.A. Calculating and rationalizing the relativity norms
for determining the slopes of quarry flanks // Soviet mining journal.
-1987. -vol. 1, num. 3, – Oksonian Press, India. -?. 32-38.

5. Ianiaoiue A.A. Aiaeeoe/aneay caaeneiinoue aeey iieiie aeeaa?aiiu
aeaoi?ie?iaaiey ian/aii-aeeienouo ianneaia // Eca. AOCia. Ai?iue
aeo?iae. – 1989.- ? 10. -N. 32 – 33.

6. ?aeaaneee A.A., Ianiaoiue A.A. I oece/aneie i?e?iaea nee o?aiey e
iaoaie/aneiai caoeaieaiey // Eca. AOCia. Ai?iue aeo?iae. -1990. -? 7,
N.9-10.

7. Ianiaoiue A.A. Ane?uoea ea?uea?ia e?oouie ai?oaie // Na. Iao/iua
iniiau nicaeaiey aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo eiiieaenii-iaoaiece?iaaiiuo e
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo ea?uea?ia. Iao/. o?. IAE. -I.: Ecae-ai IAE, -1984.
-N. 135-138.

8. Ianiaoiue A.A. Ii?aaeaeaiea o?iaiy iaaeaaeiinoe aa?oeeaeueiuo ai?oia
ea?uea?a // Na. Oece/aneea e oeie/aneea i?ioeannu ai?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iao/. o?. IAE. -I.: Ecae-ai IAE. -1987. -N. 32-35.

9. Ianiaoiue A.A. ?an/ao onoie/eainoe ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie ia
iniiaaiee iaaethaeaaiie ea?oeiu eo aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey // Na.
?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ? 62. -E?eaie ?ia, Ecae-ai EOO,
-1998, -N. 44-49.

10. Ianiaoiue A.A. Ii?aaeaeaiea i?iaiice?oaiiai yeiiiie/aneiai oua?aa io
?ac?ooaiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie // Na. ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo
ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ? 63. -E?eaie ?ia, Ecae-ai EOO. -1998. -N.120-123.

-33-

11. Ianiaoiue A.A. Yeniiiaioeeaeueiay caaeneiinoue aeey aiaeeoe/aneiai
iienaiey iieiie aeeaa?aiiu aeaoi?ie?iaaiey ai?iuo ii?iae // Na.
?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo ianoi?iaeaeaiee. -? 62.-E?eaie ?ia, Ecae-ai EOO,
-1998. -N. 49-51.

12. A.A.Eiaaeue/oe, A.A.ssuaiei, A.A.Aeecitheia, A.A.Ianiaoiue.
Iniaaiiinoe ieaie?iaaiey ai?iuo ?aaio a ea?uea?a a oneiaeyo
caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ane?uoa // Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia IAA Oe?aeiu. -? 2,
-Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1998, -N. 170-173.

13. A.A.Caanaaaeaoiee, A.A.Ianiaoiue, E.A.Nieie, Ae.A.Ia?/aiei.
Iaoiaeeea e ?acoeueoaou ii?aaeaeaiey yenieoaoaoeeiiiie iaaeaaeiinoe
onoie/eaiai ninoiyiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie // Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia
IAA Oe?aeiu. -? 2, -Aeiai?iiao?iane,- 1998, -N. 235-238.

14. Ianiaoiue A.A., ?iiaiaiei A.A., *a?iue A.A. Ii?aaeaeaiea
aaino?oeoo?u naaa?i-ainoi/iiai ai?oa Ia?aiiaeneiai ea?uea?a ia iniiaaiee
enneaaeiaaiey aai aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey // Na. ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo
ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ? 62 -E?eaie ?ia, Ecae-ai EOO, -1998. -N. 51-54.

15. Ianiaoiue A.A. Aiaeec iniiaiuo iaoiaeia iainiiaaiey oaea ioeina
ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie // Na. ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ?
63. -E?eaie ?ia, Ecae-ai EOO. -1998. -N. 123-128

16. Ianiaoiue A.A. Ia ioeaiea oaeoe/aneiai yeiiiie/aneiai oua?aa io
?ac?ooaiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie // Na ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo
ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ? 63. -E?eaie ?ia: Ecae-ai EOO -1998. -N. 128-130

17. Ianiaoiue A.A., *a?iue A.A. I?iaiic onoie/eainoe naaa?i-ainoi/iiai
ai?oa Ia?aiiaeneiai ea?uea?a NaaAIEa ai a?aiaie // ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo
ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ? 63. -E?eaie ?ia: Ecae-ai EOO. -1998. -N. 130-134.

18. Ianiaoiue A.A., *a?ai TH.A. ?an/ao i?iaiice?oaiuo iauaiia
ia?ayeneaaaoeee ai?iie iannu ae?aaeaeiaie // ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo
ianoi?iaeaeaiee. ? 63. -E?eaie ?ia: Ecae-ai EOO -1998. -N. 134 – 136.

19. Caanaaaeaoiee A.A., Ianiaoiue A.A., Neaei?aiei A.Ae., Ia?aaoaeia
A.A. Yeiiiieei-iaoaiaoe/aneia iiaeaee?iaaiea ia?aiao?ia ioe?uouo ai?iuo
au?aaioie // Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia IAA Oe?aeiu. ? 7, O. 2 –
Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999. -N. 126 – 129.

20. Caanaaaeaoiee A.A., Ianiaoiue A.A., Neaei?aiei A.Ae., Ia?aaoaeia
A.A. Iau?iiay aeene?aoii-aiaeeoe/aneay iiaeaeue ianoi?iaeaeaiey // Na.
iao/iuo o?oaeia IAA Oe?aeiu. ? 7, O. 2 -Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999. -N.
34-39.

Ianiaoiue A.A. Iaoiaeeea ii?aaeaeaiey eiyooeoeeaioa caoeaieaiey ai?iuo
ii?iae a ianneaa // Na. Iaoiaee/aneea ?ac?aaioee ii i?iaeaia OI. -I.:
Ecae-ai IAE. -1987. -N. 16-17.

22. Ianiaoiue A.A. Oi?oaia acaeiiaeaenoaea ai?iie au?aaioee n o?aueiaie
a ii?iaeiii ianneaa // Eiiieaeniia enneaaeiaaiea oece/aneeo naienoa
ai?iuo ii?iae e i?ioeannia. O?oaeu 1O Ananithc. iao/. eiio. -I.: Ecae-ai
IAE. -1987. -N. 39.

23. Ianiaoiue A.A. ?aieiae/aneay ?aca?ocea ai?iiai aeaaeaiey e
onoie/eainoue onooiia // Eiiieaeniia enneaaeiaaiea oece/aneeo naienoa
ai?iuo ii?iae e i?ioeannia. O?oaeu 1O Ananithc. iao/. eiio. -I.: Ecae-ai
IAE. -1987. -N.47.

24. Ianiaoiue A.A. Yenia?eiaioaeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea caeiiiia?iinoae
eciaiaiey iaaeaaeiinoe onoie/eaiai ninoiyiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie
ai a?aiaie // Oece/aneea i?ioeannu ai?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa. O?oaeu O
Ananithc. iao/. eiio. -I.: Ecae-ai IAE. -1991. -N 72.

-34-

25. AEiaoooa A.A., Ioeyaei A.E., Ianiaoiue A.A. ?an/ao yooaeoeaiinoe
eia?oeeiiiiai iueaoeaaeeaaiey a ea?uea?ao // Na. Aeooaeueiua aii?inu
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu io aio?iiiaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey. Oac. aeie.
Ananithc. i-o. eiio., Naaanoiiieue, -1990, -N. 106.

26. Ianiaoiue A.A., ?aiei A.A. E ?an/aoo e?aie aa?oeeaeueiuo noaieia
oaoo // I?iaeaiu iaoaieee iiaecaiiuo nii?oaeaiee. O?oaeu 11 Ananithc.
iao/. eiio. -Ooea, Ecae-ai OIE. -1982. -N. 142-145.

27. Ianiaoiue A.A. I?iaiic onoie/eainoe e iioeiecaoeey ia?aiao?ia
ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie ia iniiaaiee iaaethaeaaiie ea?oeiu eo
aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey // Oeiea ia?aaeiaiai iiuoa eiioea?ia
“Oe??oaei?ii”. Oac. aeie. -E?eaie ?ia.: -1997. -N. 12-13.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a o ?iaioao iioae?eiaaieo o ni?aaaoi?noa? iieyaa?
o ianooiiiio: [2, 3] – i?iaaaeaiiy oa noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a
i?iieneiaeo aenia?eiaio?a; [6] – ?ic?aooiie nee o?ce/iiai oa?oy oa
iaoai?/iiai c/aieaiiy; [10] – iinoaiiaea caaea/, ?ic?iaea i?ia?aiieo
iiaeoe?a oa ?ic?aooiee ia AII; [12, 13] – ?ic?aooiie i?eaaaeaiiai caeoeo
a?ae cnoaieo i?ioean?a; [17, 18] – ?aeay, iinoaiiaea caaea/?, ia?iaea
?acoeueoao?a niinoa?aaeaiue; [19, 20] – aeiiii?/ia oa iaoaiaoe/ia
iiaeoethaaiiy a??ie/eo i?ioean?a.

A I I O A Oe ? ss

Ianiaoiee ?. I. I?iaiic no?eeino? oa iioei?caoe?y ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie c o?aooaaiiyi ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio.

?oeiien aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo
iaoe ca oaoii 05.15.03 – “A?aee?eoa ?ic?iaea ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei”,
E?eai??cueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao. E?eaee ??a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ieoaiiyi iioei?caoe?? ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie ia iniia? anoaiiaeaieo caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie i?oeiino?
ii??aeieo ianea?a i?e ci?i? ?o aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio, oeyoii i?i?i?caoe??
noia?ieo aeo?ao ia nii?oaeaeaiiy oa aenieoaoaoe?th ae?iaie i?ioyaii
anueiai /ano neoaeae. Anoaiiaeaia iae?i?eia caeiiii??i?noue cieaeaiiy
eiao?oe??ioa caiano no?eeino? ii??aeiiai noeeo c? c?inoaiiyi eiai
aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio. Iaea?aeaii ae?ac aeey aecia/aiiy oai?aoe/ieo
cia/aiue, ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea oa aecia/ai? caeiiii??iino? ci?ie
i?ioyaii /ano aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ae?iaie. ?ic?iaeaia aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue aeey
iaa?oiooaaiiy iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie oa
aecia/ai? ii?iaoeae iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio onooi?a, ai?o?a ea?’???a
oa a?aeaae?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ii?iaea, i?oei?noue, aeaoi?iaoe?y, ii?ia iaae?eiino?,
a?aee?eoa ae?iaea, iioeiaeuei? ia?aiao?e.

-35-

A I I I OA Oe E ss

Ianiaoiue A.A. I?iaiic onoie/eainoe e iioeiecaoeey ia?aiao?ia ioe?uouo
ai?iuo au?aaioie n o/aoii eo aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey.

?oeiienue aeenna?oaoeee ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a oaoie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.15.03 – “Ioe?uoay ?ac?aaioea ianoi?iaeaeaiee
iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo”, E?eai?iaeneee oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao. E?eaie ?ia,
1999.

Aeey iienaiey iieiie aeeaa?aiiu aeaoi?ie?iaaiey ai?iuo ii?iae
eniieueciaaia aiaeeoe/aneay caaeneiinoue yeniiiaioeeaeueiiai aeaea, /oi
iicaieeei ia 22-28 %, oeo/oeoue noaoenoe/aneea ia?aiao?u eo iienaiey. Ia
eo iniiaa iieo/aii ?aoaiea caaea/e i ?an/aoa onoie/eainoe ii?iaeiiai
ioeina n o/aoii aai aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey, /oi iicaieyao
ii?aaeaeyoue noaiaiue onoie/eainoe ai?iie au?aaioee ia oieueei i?e aa
i?iaeoe?iaaiee, ii e a i?ioeanna yenieoaoaoeee, a niioaaonoaee n
iaaethaeaaiui ioeeeeii ii?iaeiiai ianneaa ia i?e?iaeiua e oaoiiaaiiua
aicaeaenoaey.

Iieo/aii au?aaeaiea aeey ii?aaeaeaiey oai?aoe/aneeo cia/aiee
iaaeaaeiinoe onoie/eaiai ninoiyiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie, eioi?ia
iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny iacaaeneii io iaaethaeaaiiai caeiia
?ani?aaeaeaiey neo/aeiuo aaee/ei i?i/iinoe e iai?yaeaiey a ii?iaeiii
ianneaa. ?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea aeey ii?aaeaeaiey yenieoaoaoeeiiiie
iaaeaaeiinoe onoie/eaiai ninoiyiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie ia
iniiaaiee aiaeeca i?aeoeee oi?aaeaiey eo onoie/eainoueth e onoaiiaeaii,
/oi yenieooaoeeiiiay iaaeaaeiinoue ianeaaeiaaiiuo ai?oia ea?uea?ia
Oe?aeiu eciaiyaony a i?aaeaeao io 93,5 % aei 97,3 %, a aioo?aiieo
i?aaeioaaeia a i?aaeaeao io 46,1 aei 72,4 %.

Aeieacaii, /oi yenieoaoaoeeiiiay iaaeaaeiinoue onoie/eaiai ninoiyiey
ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie n oa/aieai a?aiaie nieaeaaony ii
yeniiiaioeeaeueiiio caeiio e onoaiiaeaiu yiie?e/aneea caeiiiia?iinoe
oaeiai nieaeaiey. Aeaiiua caeiiiia?iinoe eniieueciaaeenue aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey iauaiia ai?iie iannu, eioi?ay iiaeeaaeeo ia?ayeneaaaoeee
i?e ane?uoee ?oaeiuo ieanoia ii aano?ainii?oiie oaoiieiaee, ca n/ao /aai
aeinoeaiooi cia/eoaeueiia oiaiueoaiea a? iau?iia ia ea?uea?ao IAIEa.
?ac?aaioaia yeiiiieei-iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue aeey aaniethoiie
iioeiecaoeee aaiiao?e/aneeo ia?aiao?ia ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie,
eioi?ay iicaieyao iaeiia?aiaiii ii?aaeaeyoue ooieoeeiiaeueiua
caaeneiinoe eae ?inoa yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa, oae

-36-

e ?inoa i?iaiice?oaiuo oauoeia i?e oaaee/aiee eo oaea ioeina e ia yoie
iniiaa ii?aaeaeyoue aaiiao?e/aneea ia?aiao?u, i?e eioi?uo noiia?iua
cao?aou ia nii?oaeaiea e yenieoaoaoeeth au?aaioie aoaeoo ieieiaeueiu.

Ii?aaeaeaiu caeiiiia?iinoe eciaiaiey ii?iaoeaia iaaeaaeiinoe onoie/eaiai
ninoiyiey ioe?uouo au?aaioie i?e oaaee/aiee: eo auniou; eiyooeoeeaioa
aa?eaoeee eiyooeoeeaioa caiana onoie/eainoe; naaanoieiinoe ane?uoe;
i?eaaaeaiiiai i?iaiice?oaiiai oua?aa io eo ?ac?ooaiey. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi
ii?iaoeau iaaeaaeiinoe onoie/eaiai ninoiyiey ioe?uouo ai?iuo au?aaioie
eciaiythony n oa/aieai a?aiaie a i?aaeaeao io 76,3 % aei 96,5 % i?e
a?aiaie yenieoaoaoeee aei iyoe eao e a i?aaeaeao io 89,6 % aei 98,5 %
i?e a?aiaie eo yenieoaoaoeee aieaa iyoe eao.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: ii?iaea, i?i/iinoue, aeaoi?iaoeey, ii?ia iaaeaaeiinoe,
ioe?uoay au?aaioea, iioeiaeueiua ia?aiao?u.

A b s t r a c t

Nesmashny Y.I. “Open pit workings parameters optimization and stability
folcast taking into account their deformed state”. -Manuscript.

Thesis manuscript for doctor degree of Science in Surface mining
(speciality 05.15.03) – ” Open development of deposits of useful
mineral”, Krivoy Rog technical university, Krivoy Rog, Ukraine, 1999.

The thesis is dedicated to some questions concerning open-pit mine
workings parameters optimization on the basis established regularities
in rock masses strength changes under conditions of their deformed
state. This optimization has been achieved by minimizing the total
expenditures on the construction and exploitation mine workings during
their life time. A nonlinear regularity of stability margin coefficient
decrease of waste highwall with its deformed state increase has been
established. A new formula for the definition of the new theoretical
meanings lios been worked out, new techniques have been developed and
some regularities of changes in exploitation reliability of open pit
mine workings stable state have been defined. An economic-mathematical
model for optimal parameters grounding of open pit mine workings has
been worked out reliable stability standards for benches, quarries and
waste heaps walls have been defined.

Key words: rock, strength, reliability standard open-pit mine working,
optimal parameters.

Caeiaoaa/ Ianiaoiee ?.I.

Ianiaoiee ?aaai Ieaenaiae?iae/

I?iaiic No?eeino? Oa Iioei?caoe?y

Ia?aiao??a A?aee?eoeo A??ie/eo Ae?iaie C

O?AOOAAIIssI ?o Aeaoi?iiaaiiai Noaio

( Aaoi?aoa?ao )

Caiiaeaiiy ? 81. Oe?aae 100 aec. Ianya 2,0 ae?oe. eeno?a.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 17 aa?aniy 1999 ?. Oi?iao 30*42 /4

Aaceiooiaii

?OI E?eai??cueeiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo

324027, i E?eaee ??a, aoe. OO11 ia?oc’?caeo, 11

.

PAGE

?AEAANUeEEE A.A.

a)

a)

(, eIA

( 102

( 102

(n=150 eIa

(n=50 eIa

( = 450

( = 100

(n=250 eIa

(*102

n3

(*102

(i?1

a)

a)

fo?=0,1

fo?=0,8

N=0 eIa

N=200 eIa

(i?2

(i?

n3

i?iaeoia cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa caiano

?ic?aooieiaa cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa caiano

?en. 6. Aei aecia/aiiy aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? no?eeiai noaio
a?aee?eoeo a??ie/eo ae?iaie

a) – cnoaiee i?ioean caoiiea onth iiaa?oith ii??aeiiai noeeo;

a) – cnoaiee i?ioean caoiiea o?eueee /anoeio ii??aeiiai noeeo.

a)

a)

(iio

(iio

2

3

1

3

1

2

a)

a2

(

I

I1

a1

H2

I2

bt

(1

b

I1

(2

a)

a)

h

f2

f1

n2

n1

f0

(

I1

H

a)

h

h

L

L

0

2

4

6

8

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter

Похожие документы
Обсуждение

Ответить

Курсовые, Дипломы, Рефераты на заказ в кратчайшие сроки
Заказать реферат!
UkrReferat.com. Всі права захищені. 2000-2020