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Продуктивність і якість зерна сорізу під впливом мінеральних добрив: Автореф. дис… канд. с.-г. наук / С.П. Шукайло, Херсон. держ. аграр. ун-т. — Хер

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OA?NIINUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE AA?A?IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

OOEAEEI NA?OEAIA IAO??AIA

OAeE 633.2:631.82:631.6(833)

I?IAeOEOEAI?NOUe ? ssE?NOUe CA?IA NI??CO I?Ae

AIEEAII I?IA?AEUeIEO AeIA?EA

IA I?AAeI? OE?A?IE

06.01.09 – ?ineeiieoeoai

Aaoi?aoa?ao ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa

n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe

Oa?nii – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? c?iooaaiiai caiea?ianoaa OAAI

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:

aeaaeai?e OAIII,aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
iaoe,i?ioani?

O?E?I`?A ?aai Aeaaeaeiae/

?inoeooo c?iooaaiiai caiea?ianoaa OAAI,

aieiaiee iaoeiaee ani?a?ia?oiee a?aeae?eo aa?io?i??

Io?oe?eiee iiiiaio:

aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?

UA?AAEIA A?eoi? sseiae/

Iaeanueeee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee ?inoeooo,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith

?ineeiieoeoaa

Io?oe?eiee iiiiaio:

aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?

NAEAOAIEI Aieiaeeie? Ieeeoi?iae/

Oa?niinueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e

?ineeiieoeoaa

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo ca?iiaiai ainiiaea?noaa OAAI,

i.Aei?i?iiao?ianuee

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “23” aa?aciy 1999 ?. ia 11 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 47.830.01 a Oa?niinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio

aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao?, 325006, i.Oa?nii-6.aoe.?.Ethenaiao?a,23

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?a?e?ioaoe? Oa?niinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai

aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 325006, i.Oa?nii-6, aoe.
?.Ethenaiao?a,23

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “23” ethoiai 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Eaca? I.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ca?eueoaiiy   ae?iaieoeoaa ca?ia, cie?aia
e?oi’yieo eoeueoo? – iaeia ?c iaea?eueo aaaeeeaeo caaea/
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa.

A cii? ?eceeiaaiiai caiea?ianoaa, aei yei? a?aeiineoueny
i?aaeaiiee Noai Oe?a?ie, aaeeea cia/aiiy ia? aea?? iinooino?eeeo
?ineei, caeaoieo oi?ioaaoe a aeno?aiaeueieo oiiaao noae? a?iaea? c
aenieith ye?noth ca?ia. Oeei aeiiaai iiai?noth a?aeiia?aea? ni??c –
eoeueoo?a oi?aa?naeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy c aenieeie ? noaeeie a?iaeayie
ca?ia, iinooino?eea, aea?io?eaea, a?aeiinii iaaeaaaeeaa aei a?oio?a,
oaoiieia?/ia. Naith iacao aiia io?eiaea a?ae neiainiieo/aiiy sorhym
orizoidym – ni?ai ?eniaeaeia.

E?oia ni??co aeia?a i?aeaea?oueny aa??iith ? aeei?enoiao?oueny a
oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? aeey i?eaiooaaiiy ia?oeo, ae?oaeo, nieiaeeeo ?
i?ea?iaeueieo no?aa, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ?acoeueoaoaie a?io?i?/ieo
aiae?c?a oa aeaaonoaoe?e, i?iaaaeaieo a iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio ?inoeooo?
ca?ia (i.Iineaa), Eeoei?anueeiio iie?oaoi?/iiio, Iaeanueeiio
oaoiieia?/iiio ?inoeoooao oa I?i?noa?noa? oi?a?ae? ?anioae?ee
Iieaeiaa.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ni??co o ae?iaieoeoai aeicaieeoue i?aeaeueoe aaeiaee
ca?? ca?ia e?oi’yieo eoeueoo? ? ?icoe?eoe ?o ani?oeiaio. A?aenooi?noue
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii? oaoiieia?? ae?iuoaaiiy ? i?e/eiith iia?eueiiai
?icoe?aiiy iin?aieo ieiu, oiio ?? ?ic?iaea iaaoaa? aeooaeueiiai
cia/aiiy.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie. Iaoeia? ?ic?iaee, ocaaaeueiai? a
aeena?oaoe??, aoee neeaaeiaith /anoeiith oaiieaio ?inoeoooo
c?iooaaiiai caiea?ianoaa ? aeeiioaaeenue ca aea?aeaaiith eiiieaeniith
i?ia?aiith “I?iaeiaieuenoai”, i?iaeoii “Ca?ii” ? oaiith
03.01.”?ic?iaeoe a?oioicaoeni? ? ?ano?nicaa??aath/? aeieia?/ii aacia/i?
nenoaie caiea?ianoaa ia iaiieeaieo caieyo Oa?niinueei? iaeano?,
caaacia/oth/e caa?aaeaiiy ? i?aeaeuaiiy ?iaeth/ino? a?oio?a, io?eiaiiy
noaeeo a?iaea?a a?ieia?/ii /enoi? i?iaeoeoe?? oa ioi?iio
iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua” ? ae.?. UA 01001268 P

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Anoaiiaeoe aieea i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia
i?iaeoeoeai?noue oa ye?noue ca?ia ni??co a iaiieeaieo oiiaao
i?aaeaiiiai Noaio Oe?a?ie.

Noaaeeenue caaaeaiiy:

– aeyaeoe aieea i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia iiaeeaiee ?aaeei a?oioo;

– aecia/eoe iniaeeaino? iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy iaaecaiii? iane ni??co oa
caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy ieiu? eenoiai? iiaa?oi?;

– anoaiiaeoe aeiaiaee i?e??no ?ineei o aenioo;

– aea/eoe caeiiii??iino? ?icaeoeo ei?aiaai? nenoaie oa
aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ni??co;

– aecia/eoe aieea i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia o?iaeae oa ye?ni? iieacieee
ca?ia ? e?oie;

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aia?oa a iaiieeaieo oiiaao
i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie aea/aia ?aaeoe?y e?oi’yii? eoeueoo?e ni??c ia
i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa, aecia/aia iioeiaeueia aeica ?o canoinoaaiiy oa
aeyaeaii aieea aeia?ea ia ye?ni? iieacieee ca?ia.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Ae?iaieoeoao ?aeiiaiaeiaaia
?aoe?iiaeueia nenoaia canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea, yea aea? ciiao io?eioaaoe
a iaiieeaieo oiiaao i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie noae? a?iaea? ca?ia ni??co ?
aeicaiey? cia/ii ciaioeoe e?euee?noue acioiiai aeia?eaa.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi? a?aea aaciina?aaeith o/anoue o
?ic?iaoe? i?ia?aie aeine?aeaeaiue ? caeeaaeaii? iieueiaeo aeine?ae?a,
i?iaaaeaii? oaiieia?/ieo ? a?iiao?e/ieo niinoa?aaeaiue. Aeeiioaaea
eaai?aoi?i? ? aiae?oe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ocaaaeueieea
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai? ? aeeiiaea ?o iaoaiaoe/io ia?iaeo.

Iiooeoaa/ aeneiaeth? ue?o iiaeyeo iaoeiaei ea??aieeai – aieiaiiio
ni?a?ia?oieeo a?aeae?eo aa?io?i?? ?CC OAAI, aeieoi?o n.-a. iaoe,
i?ioani?o O?e?i’?ao ?.Ae., noa?oiio iaoeiaiio ni?a?ia?oieeo a?aeae?eo
ca?iiaeo oa oaoi?/ieo eoeueoo? ?CC OAAI, eaiaeeaeaoo n.- a. iaoe
Iaea?iao E.O. ca aaeeeo iaoiaee/io ? i?aeoe/io aeiiiiiao a i?iaaaeaii?
iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeiiia?aeaeenue ia
i?aeia?iaeieo iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo ?inoeoooo ei?i?a i.
A?iieoey (1995) oa Iaeanueei? aea?aeaaii? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
aeine?aeii? noaioe?? (1996), ia V c’?cae? OAOA, i. ??aia (1998), ia
can?aeaiiyo iaoiaee/ii? eii?n?? ?inoeoooo c?iooaaiiai
caiea?ianoaa OAAI ( 1994 – 1996?. ?.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy, aeeeaaeai? a aeena?oaoe??
aena?oeai? a 11 iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo. ?c ieo 3 noaoo? a iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao
(a ni?aaaoi?noa?), 3- a oaiaoe/ieo ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue(a
ni?aaaoi?noa?),4- oace (a ni?aaaoi?noa?), 1- a?ioo?a (a ni?aaaoi?noa?).

No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 130
noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, aenia?eiaioaeueiee iaoa??ae
i?aaenoaaeaii a 33 oaaeeoeyo, 9 ?enoieao oa 14 aeiaeaoeao. Nienie
e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? 297 iaeiaioaaiue, a o./. 22 ?iicaiieo.

OIIAE OA IAOIAeEEA I?IAAAeAIIss AeINE?AeAEAIUe

A?oioiai-ee?iaoe/i? oiiae. Iieueia? aeine?aee i?iaiaeeeenue ia
i?ioyc? 1994-

1996 ??. a aenia?eiaioaeueiiio ainiiaea?noa? ?inoeoooo c?iooaaiiai
caiea?ianoaa ia iaiieeaieo caieyo. A?oio aeine?aeiiai iiey
oaiii-eaooaiiaee na?aaeiueinoaeeieiaee. Ai?no aoiono a oa?ao 0-25,
25-40 ni neeaaeaa a?aeiia?aeii 2,15 oa 1,68 %; caaaeueiiai acioo –
0,171 oa 0,174 %, caaaeueiiai oinoi?o 0,091 oa 0,071 %; iai?iiiai
eae?th 330-260 ia ia ea a?oioo. Iiaeeiai? eao?iie a?oioiaiai eiiieaeno
i?aaenoaaeai? a iniiaiiio eaeueoe??i ? iaai??i. Noia iai?iieo eao?ii?a
i?iiai oa?o neeaaea? 20,3-21,0 ia-aea. ia 100 a a?oioo, c ieo ia Na ?
Mq i?eoiaeeoueny 95,3 %. ?I a?oioiaiai ?ic/eio – 6,8-7,0.

Ia’?iia iana aa?oiueiai (0-10 ni) oa?o a?oioo – 1,2 a/ni3 , aiec ii
i?io?eth iinooiiai ca?eueoo?oueny. Caaaeueia oia?oaao?noue i?iiai oa?o
53,0 %. Iaeiaioa aieiai?ii?noue – 21,5 %, aieia?noue a’yiaiiy – 9,1
%.

Iiaiaei? oiiae a ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue nooo?ai ??cieeenue i?ae niaith, ui
iaaiith i??ith iicia/eeinue ia aoaeoeaiino? ae?? i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea
oa caaaeuei?e i?iaeoeoeaiino? eoeueoo?e. E?euee?noue iiaae?a ca ia??iae
aaaaoaoe?? o ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue neeaaeaea a?aeiia?aeii 61,0, 126,6
oa 94,0 ii aai 48,4, 105,5 oa 78,3 % a?ae na?aaeiuei aaaaoi??/ieo
iieaciee?a.

Aa?ioaoi?ea a aeine?ae?. Aeine?aee i?iaiaeeeenue a aeanyoei?euei?e
iieueia?e n?aici?i?. Iiia?aaeiee ni??co – y?ee y/i?iue. I?ney cae?aiiy
iiia?aaeieea i?iaiaeeee eouaiiy noa?i? a aeaa ne?aee. I?ia?aeuei?
aeia?eaa: ai?a/io nae?o?o (NH4NO3-34,3%), a?aioeueiaaiee noia?oinoao
(Ca(HPO4)2-20%), eae?eio n?eue (40%) a e?eueeino?, ia?aaeaa/ai?e noaiith
aeine?aeo aiineee a?o/io a?iceeae ainaie ia?aae i?aieith, yeo i?iaiaeeee
ia aeeaeio 27-28 ni, oa aaniith i?ae eoeueoeaaoe?th ? eieaeueii. Aaniith
i?iaiaeeee ai?iioaaiiy, i?e ianoaii? iiaii? o?ce/ii? noeaeino?
a?oioo ? ia?aaeiin?aio eoeueoeaaoe?th ia aeeaeio ca?iaee ian?iiy (4-6
ni).

N?aao i?iaiaeeee eiee oaiia?aoo?a a?oioo ia aeeaei? ca?iaee ian?iiy
noaiiaeea + 14 – 15N. Aen?aaee na?aaeiueinoeaeee a?a?eae ni??co
I?uaaee-2 (naeaeoe?? IAe?E?N Iieaeiaa) ioieoe?iei niiniaii c oe?eiith
i?ae?yaeue 70 ni n?aaeeith NI*-6I. I?ney iin?ao iiea i?eei/oaaee. O oaco
3-4 eenoi/e?a o ni??co oi?ioaaee aonoioo iin?ao. Ca ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
i?iaiaeeee aea? i?ae?yaei? eoeueoeaaoe?? (E?I-4.2), aeai?aciaa
iai?eneoaaiiy iin?a?a i?ioe iiiaeeoeue (A?-58; 0,5 e/aa, IIO-8).

A ?iaio? noaaeeinue caaaeaiiy aea/eoe aieea aeic, no?ie?a oa niinia?a
aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue ni??co. Aeine?aee
i?iaiaeeeenue ca ianooiiith noaiith:

1. Aac aeia?ea – eiio?ieue

2. N30?30E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo

3. N30?30E30 – aaniith i?ae eoeueoeaaoe?th

4. N60?30E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo

5. N90?30E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo

6. N60?60E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo

7. N90?60E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo

8. N30E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo + ?30 eieaeueii aaniith

9. N30?30E30 – aaniith eieaeueii

10. N30?30E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo + ia?iaea ian?iiy AOA

11. N30?60E30 – ainaie i?ae i?aieo + ia?iaea ian?iiy AOA

Noiooi? aiae?ce c?ace?a a?oioo oa ?ineeiiiai iaoa??aeo i?iaiaeeee ca
ianooiieie iaoiaeeeaie:

– ieiuo eenoiai? iiaa?oi? aecia/aee iaoiaeii “aen?/ie”, oei?io?e –
e?euee?niei iaoiaeii (O?aoyeia I.I. oa ?i., 1983), /enoo
i?iaeoeoeai?noue oioineioaco oa oioineioaoe/iee iioaioe?ae – ca
A.A.I?/?ii?iae/ai (1961);

– iano ei?aiaai? nenoaie aecia/aee ?aieiaei iaoiaeii a iiiie?oao
?ici??ii 70o70o10 ni aei aeeaeie 50 ni o aeaio ianoi?aeieo
iiaoi?aiiyo (Noaieia ?.C.,1964);

– aiae?ce c?ace?a a?oioo i?iaiaeeee o a?aeae?e? aa?io?i?? ?CC
OAAI, ?ineeiiiai iaoa??aeo – o a?aeae?e? oaoiieia?? ca?ia oa ianiaeo
aiae?c?a ?CC OAAI ca ianooiieie iaoiaeeeaie: caaaeueiee acio – ca
Ii/eieii, oinoi? – ca Ia?o? ?aee?. Eae?e – ia iieoiaiaaiio oioiiao??.
Aoion aecia/aee ca Oth??iei, i?o?aoiee acio – ca A?aiaeaaeue Eyaeai c
aeenoeueoioaiieiaith eeneioith, ?ooiiee oinoi? – ca Ia/ea?iei, iai?iiee
eae?e ia iieoiaiaaiio oioiiao??. ?I – ii oeae? A.Aeyiianueeiai;

– aieia?noue a?oioo aecia/aee aaaiaei iaoiaeii, noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy
– iaoiaeii aiaeiiai aaeaino c a?aooaaiiyi aeo?ao a?oioiai? aieiae oa
i?iaeoeoeaieo iiaae?a;

– aeiaiaee i?e??no ?ineei o aenioo, aeeiai?eo iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy
iaaecaiii? iane, aecia/aiiy ai?noo aaniethoii nooi? ?a/iaeie, no?oeoo?o
a?iaeath cae?enithaaee ca a?aeiia?aeieie iaoiaee/ieie aeac?aeaie
(Ai?yinueeee I.I., 1978);

– a?io?i?/i? aeanoeaino? c?ace?a ca?ia aecia/aee ca iaoiaeaie AeNO oa
iienaieie a aeia?aeieeo (Ieaoeia A.I.,1985);

– ?ic?aooiee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? canoinoaaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea
i?e ae?iuoaaii? ni??co cae?enithaaee ia iniia? oaoiieia?/ieo ea?o ;

– a?iaia?aaoe/io ioe?ieo aeine?aeaeoaaieo aa?ii?eeii?a i?iaiaeeee ca
oeiiaeie iaoiaeeeaie oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie (Oeeeia A.N., E?aa? A.O.,
1974; Iaaeaaaeianueeee A.I.,1986; Oaaaeooa A.N. oa ?i.,1988).

– a?iaeae anoaiiaethaaee iaoiaeii c??caiiy aieioae a?o/io c on???
iae?eiai? ieiu? (50.i) o /ioe?e?aciaiio iiaoi?aii?. Iaoaiaoe/iee
ia?ia?oie aeaieo a?iaeath oa noiooi?o aeine?aeaeaiue i?iaiaeeee
iaoiaeii aeenia?n?eiiai aiae?co (Aeiniaoia A.I., 1979; Ooea?aiei A.I.,
1988; Eaaaiaeianueeee ?.E., Oaiaeue A.Ae., 1997).

?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe

Aieea i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia iiaeeaiee ?aaeei a?oioo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui ai?no i?o?ao?a eieeaaany ii oacao
?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e ? cia/ii ??cieany ii ?ieao. Iaeneiaeueia e?euee?noue
?ooiiiai acioo a a?oio? a ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue aoea aeyaeaia a oaco
noiae?a ni??co, ui iiynith?oueny aeoea?caoe??th ?iaioe
i?e?ii?aai?ci?a i?ae aieeaii oaiia?aoo?iiai oaeoi?o. I?e oeueiio,
iniiaia e?euee?noue i?o?ao?a ciaoiaeeeanue a i?iiio oa??. Oae, a 0-30 ni
oa?? a?oioo eiio?ieueiiai aa??aioo a oaco noiae?a ?o aoei 26,3 ia/ea,
a a oa?? 30-50 ni – 10,5 ia/ea. A iiaeaeueoee ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
niinoa??aaee caeiiii??ia ciaioaiiy ai?noo oeueiai aeaiaioo ye ca ?aooiie
?ioaineaiiai iiaeeiaiiy eiai aaaaooth/eie ?ineeiaie, oae ? ca
?aooiie iia??oaiiy a oeae ia??iae a?ae?ioa?i?/ieo oiia. A oaco
aeeeaeaiiy aieio? ai?no i?o?ao?a a 0-30 ni oa?? a?oioo eiio?ieueiiai
aa??aioo ciaiooaaany aei 9,1 ia/ea, a a i?aei?iiio oa?? aei 1,3 ia/ea.

I?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa, iacaeaaeii a?ae niinia?a oa no?ie?a ?o
aianaiiy, caaacia/oaaee i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy i?o?ao?a o a?oio? ia ii/aoeo
aaaaoaoe?? ia 43,0-58,5%. Caeiiii??i?noue caa??aaeanue ? a
iine?aeoth/? ia??iaee ?icaeoeo.

Iaea?eueo ?ioaineaia niiaeeaaiiy ?ineeiaie acioo (35,3-36,4 % a?ae
iaeneiaeueii? e?eueeino?) niinoa??aaee a i?aeoaciee ia??iae aeeeaeaiiy
aieio? – iiaia noeae?noue ca?ia.

O ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue (1994-1996) ??aaiue caaacia/aiino? a?oioo ?ooiiei
oinoi?ii aoa a iniiaiiio na?aaei?i ? a i?iiio oa?? a?oioo eiai
i?noeeinue a?aeiia?aeii 11,8, 21,7 oa 19,5 ia/ea a?oioo. A?aeiia?aeii
iaea?aeaieo aeaieo ai?no oeueiai aeaiaioo a a?oio? ciaoiaeeany a o?ni?e
caeaaeiino? a?ae e?eueeino? aianaiiai c aeia?eaaie oinoi?o. Iaeneiaeueia
ca?eueoaiiy oeueiai aeaiaioo ( ia 29,8 % aei eiio?ieth) a?aecia/aii i?e
aianai? N60?60E30 i?ae i?aieo. Eieae?caoe?y oinoi?ieo aeia?ea oa ca?iaea
?o i?ae ia?aaeiin?aio eoeueoeaaoe?th ca?eueooaaea e?euee?noue oinoao?a
eeoa a aa?oi?o oa?ao a?oioo, ai?no aea ?o a i?aei?iiio oa??
ciaoiaeeany i?aeoe/ii ia ??ai? eiio?ieueiiai aa??aioo.

Niiaeeaaiiy oinoi?o ?ineeiaie ?c a?oioo oaeia?aieo aa??aio?a a
e?eueeino? a?ae 15,2 aei 22,5 % a?ae iaeneioio niinoa??aaee a ia??iae
a?ae noiae?a aei oace o?oaeoaaiiy.

Iayai?noue iai?iiiai eae?th a a?oio? i?aeoe/ii ia caeaaeaea a?ae
aianaiiy aeia?ea. sseui a a?oio? eiio?ieueiiai aa??aioo a i?iiio oa??
eiai i?noeeinue 318 ia/ea , oi a a?oio? oaeia?aieo ae?eyiie iai?iiiai
eae?th aoei a?eueoa eeoa ia 3,8-5,0 %, a a oa?? 30-50 ni ai?no
oeueiai aeaiaioo ciaoiaeeany ia??ai? c eiio?ieai. A ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
e?euee?noue iai?iiiai eae?th a a?oio? aeaui cieaeoaaeanue, aea /?oei?
caeaaeiino? ii oacao ?icaeoeo ?ineei i?e aeei?enoaii? aeia?ea ia
aeyaeaii.

Oioineioaoe/ia ae?yeuei?noue ?ineei.

A iaiieeaieo oiiaao cia/i? ei?aeoeae ia iieacieee
na?aaeiueiaeiaiaiai i?e?inoo ?ineei o aenioo, ia??ai? c aeia?eaaie,
aiineee iiaiaei? oaeoi?e. Iaeaeu? cia/aiiy i?e?inoo niinoa??aaee o
a?eueo ni?eyoeeaiio 1995 ?ioe?, cia/ii a??oeie aiie aoee a 1994
oa 1996 ?ieao. Anoaiiaeaii, ui o an? ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue ?ioaineai?noue
?inoo ni??co o aenioo ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe?? aoea a?aeiinii
iecueea. Na?aaei? ?? cia/aiiy a i?aeoaciee ia??iae noiaee – eou?iiy
a aa??aio? aac aeia?ea eieeaaeenue a iaaeao 0,47-0,79 ni ca aeiao.
A?eueo ?ioaineaiee i?e??no niinoa??aaee i?ney oace eou?iiy (25-30
aeaiue aaaaoaoe??). Ia 45-55 aeaiue ?icaeoeo ?ineei (aeo?ae a
o?oaeo – aeeeaeaiiy aieio?) a?i iaaoaaa iaeneiaeueieo
cia/aiue ? ciaoiaeeany a iaaeao 1,43 – 1,58 ni ca
aeiao. Ia oeae /an i?inoaaeoaaeanue /?oea caeiiii??i?noue aieeao
aeia?ea ia iieacieee i?e?inoo. A oaeia?aieo aa??aioao aiie
ia?aaeuoaaee eiio?ieuei? cia/aiiy ia 11,6-23,1 %.

Eieaeueia aianaiiy aeia?ea (N30?30E30 ) ia?aae iin?aii i?aeaeuoaaei
aeiaiaee i?e??no a ii??aiyii? c aianaiiyi oaei? ae aeice aeia?ea i?ae
eoeueoeaaoe?th, aea ia iaei ia?aaaae iaae ?o ca?iaeith i?ae i?aieo.

Ca?eueoaiiy aeice acioieo aeia?ea aei 90 ea/aa ae.?. i?e cia/iiio
aeao?oeeo? i?iaeoeoeaii? aieiae a a?oio? a iinooeea? ?iee i?ecaiaeeei
aei cieaeaiiy iieaciee?a i?e?inoo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui ci?ia iiaeeaiiai ?aaeeio a?oioo i?e
aianai? aeia?ea iaea aieea ia aenioo ni??co. Iaeneiaeueio aenioo
?ineeie iaaoaaee o oaco iiaii? noeaeino? ca?ia. Iaea?eueo aenieeie aiie
aoee o aa??aioao c aianaiiyi N30?60E30 + AOA oa N60?60E30,
a?aeiia?aeii 85,4 oa 86,2 ni ? ia?aaeuoaaee iieacieee iaoaeia?aiiai
eiio?ieth ia 12,2 oa 13,3 %.

Cia/i? ei?aeoeae ia aenioo ?ineei aiineee iiaiaei? oaeoi?e. O iaea?eueo
ni?eyoeeaiio 1995 ?ioe? aiia ia?aaeuoaaea iieacieee ?ioeo ?ie?a ia 3,3
oa 20,5%.

Iaeiie/aiiy iaaecaiii? iane o ni??co ii ia??iaeao ?icaeoeo
i?ioiaeeei ia??aiii??ii ? oaeiae cia/ii caeaaeaei a?ae oiia aeeaeaiiy
oa oaeoi??a ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua. Iaeaeuo ?ioaineai?noue ia?inoaiiy
aaaaoaoeaii? iane niinoa??aaee a ia??iae o?oaeoaaiiy – aeeeaeaiiy
aieio?. Na?aaeiueiaeiaiaee i?e??no caeaii? iane a eiio?ieueiiio
aa??aio? ca oeae ia??iae neeaaeaa 3,4 oe/aa aai 1,3 oe/aa aaniethoii
nooi? ?a/iaeie. Aeia?eaa ca?eueooaaee iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy caaaeueii?
e?eueeino? aaaaoaoeaii? iane o ni??co ia 5,9-17,9 %.

A?aeiia?aeii iaea?aeaieo aeaieo aei oace eou?iiy a iaoaeia?aiiio
aa??aio? ni??c oi?io? 15,5 oe/aa aaaaoaoeaii? iane, ui noaiiaeoue 11,9
% a?ae iaeneiaeueii? ?? e?eueeino?, a o oaco o?oaeoaaiiy ? aeeeaeaiiy
aieio? a?aeiia?aeii 63,6 oa 113,5 oe/aa aai 48,9 oa 87,3 %.
Iaeneiaeueio iaaecaiio iano (130,0 oe/aa) ni??c oi?io? a oaco
iiei/ii-aineiai? noeaeino? ca?ia. A iiaeaeueoiio aiia ciaioo?oueny a
na?aaeiueiio ia 4,5-5,5 %.

Aiaeia?/ii oi?ioaaeanue iaaecaiia iana ? a oaeia?aieo ?ineei, aea
caaaeueia ?? e?euee?noue ia oii? N60?60E30 ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieuei?
cia/aiiy a ia??iae eou?iiy ia 19,3, aeoiaeo a o?oaeo – ia 26,1,
aeeeaeaiiy aieio? – ia 24,8, iiei/ii-aineiai? noeaeino? ca?ia
a?aeiia?aeii ia 23,7 %.

Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui i?e aianai? aeia?ea i?ae ia?aaeiin?aio
eoeueoeaaoe?th o ni??co oi?ioaaeanue aeaui iaioa e?euee?noue
iaaecaiii? iane i?ae i?e ?o ca?iaoe? i?ae i?aieo aai aaniith eieaeueii.

Ca aeaieie iaoeo aeine?aeaeaiue iaeneiaeueieo ?ici???a eenoiaa iiaa?oiy
o ni??co aeinyaa? a oaco aeeeaeaiiy aieio?, a eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio?
aiia neeaaeaea 23,9 oen. i2/aa. Anoaiiaeaii, ui 24,3 % ieiu? a?ae
iaeneiaeueii? ?? e?eueeino? o ?ineei oi?io?oueny aei oace eou?iiy, a aei
oace aeoiaeo a o?oaeo – 72,0 %. I?ney aeeeaeaiiy aieio?
niinoa??aa?oueny ciaioaiiy anei?eyoe?eii? iiaa?oi?. Iioeiaeueieo
?ici???a aiia aeinyaaea ia oii? N30?60E30+ AOA oa N60?60E30  ? neeaaeaea
a?aeiia?aeii 28,2 oa 28,6 oen.i2/aa, ui ia 18,0-19,7 % ia?aaeuo?
eiio?ieue ? ia 2,5-12,6 % ?io? oaeia?ai? aa??aioe.

Canoinoaaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea aieeaaei ? ia caaaeueiee ai?no
oei?io?eo a eenoyo (oaae. 1).

Oaaeeoey 1

Ai?no oei?io?eo a eeno? ?ineei, ia/a ne?i? ?a/iaeie

(na?aaei? 1994-1996 ??.)

Aa??aioOace ?icaeoeo ?ineeiEou?iiy Aeo?ae
a o?oaeoAeeeaeaiiy aieio?IAN ca?iaAac aeia?ea (eiio?ieue)

N30?30E30 – i?ae i?aieo

N30?30E30 – i?ae eoeueoeaaoe?th

N60?30E30- i?ae i?aieo

N30?30E30 + AOA

N30?30E30 – eieaeueii aaniith2,98

3,54

3,49

4,00

3,77

3,523,04

4,22

3,98

4,72

4,58

4,25

2,13

3,58

3,07

3,79

3,69

3,621,49

2,37

2,19

2,56

2,49

2,30

Oae, i?e aianai? N30?30E30 oa N60?30E30 i?ae i?aieo e?euee?noue eiai a
ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai ca?eueoeeanue o oaco eou?iiy a?aeiia?aeii ia
18,8 oa 34,2 %.

Aaaeeeaith oa?aeoa?enoeeith oioineioaoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? ?ineei ?
iieaciee oioineioaoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo, yeee ca iaoeie aeaieie iaaoaa?
iaeneiaeueiiai cia/aiiy o ni??co i?e aianai? i?ae cya
N60?60E30 oa i?e canoinoaaii? AOA ia oii? N30?60E30 ? neeaaea?
a?aeiia?aeii 1,30 oa 1,29 iei.i2 aei?a/aa, ui ia 22,6 oa 21,7 %
ia?aaeuo? eiio?ieue.

Aaee/eia /enoi? i?iaeoeoeaiino? oioineioaco i?aeoe/ii ia ci?ithaaeanue
i?e aianai? i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ? eeoa ia ii/aoeo ?icaeoeo ?ineei
a?aei?/aii oaiaeaioe?th aei ?? ca?eueoaiiy a oaeia?aieo aa??aioao. Ana
oea na?ae/eoue i?i aenoaineaiee oa?aeoa? i?iaeooe?eiiai i?ioeano o
?ineei c a?eueo aenieei ??aiai i?ia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy,
i?iaeoeoeai?noue yeeo c?inoa? a iniiaiiio ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy
caaaeueii? oioineioacoth/i? iiaa?oi? eenoy.

Aieea i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia ai?no acioo, oinoi?o ? eae?th a ?ineeiao.

I?iaaaeai? iaie a?io?i?/i? aiae?ce na?ae/aoue, ui ai?no acioo a
?ineeii?e ian? caeiiii??ii ca?eueoo?oueny i?e i?aeaeuai? eiai
e?eueeino? a neeaae? iiaiiai i?ia?aeueiiai aeia?eaa. Oae, yeui o
iaoaeia?aieo ?ineei o oaco eou?iiy ai?no acioo noaiiaea 2,23 %, oi i?e
aianai? N30 oa N90 e?euee?noue eiai ca?eueoeeanue ia 11,2 oa 17,9
a?aeiinieo a?aenioe?a a?aeiia?aeii. Canoinoaaiiy AOA ia oii? N30?30E30
aeaui i?aeaeuoaaei eiioeaio?aoe?th aeaiaioa a noo?e ian? a ii??aiyii?
c aa??aioaie aea aiineee eeoa iaei? i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa a oae?e aea
e?eueeino?.

Ai?no oinoi?o a ?ineeiao iaoaeia?aiiai aa??aioo neeaaeaa 0,72 %.
Aianaiiy 30 oa 60 ea/aa ?2I5 ca?eueooaaei eiai e?euee?noue ia
13,9-20,8 %. Cia/ii i?aeaeuoaaei eiioeaio?aoe?th oinoi?o a ?ineeiao ia
ii/aoeo ?icaeoeo eieaeueia aianaiiy noia?oinoaoo.

Ai?no eae?th a eenoinoaaeia?e ian? i?aeoe/ii ia caeaaeaa a?ae aeic,
no?ie?a oa niinia?a aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea.

O an? ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue iaeneiaeueia e?euee?noue N?E o
iaaecaii?e ian? ni??co aoea ia ii/aoeo eiai aaaaoaoe??.

?ic?aooiie ainiiaea?nueeiai aeiino aeaiaio?a i?ia?aeueiiai
aeeaeaiiy iieacaa, ui eiai aaee/eia ia?aaoaa? a i?yi?e caeaaeiino? a?ae
caaaeueiiai a?iaeath nooi? a?iiane ? aecia/a?oueny i?ioeaioiei ai?noii
N?E a ?ineeiao. Aeiin acioo ? cieueieo aeaiaio?a aoa iaea?eueoee a
aa??aio? c canoinoaaiiyi N60?60E30 i?ae i?aieo. Ia oeueiio oii? ?ineeie
aeiineee ?c a?oioo 112,6 ea acioo, 56,2 ea oinoi?o oa 158,2 ea
eae?th, ui ia 46,0, 64,8 oa 22,5 % a?eueoa i?ae a iaoaeia?aiiio
aa??aio?.

Ei?aiaaa nenoaia oa aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ni??co.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ?icaeoie ei?aiaai? nenoaie ni??co caeaaeaa a?ae aeic
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea (oaae.2).

Iaea?eueo ?ioaineaia iaeiie/aiiy iane ei??iiy o ni??co o an? ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue niinoa??aaee o ia?o?e iieiaei? aaaaoaoe??. Oae, a 0-50
ni oa?? a?oioo iaoaeia?aiiai aa??aioo aei oace eou?iiy o ?ineei
oi?ioaaeinue 16,9 oe/aa iane ei?ai?a aai 61,1 % a?ae iaeneiaeueii?
e?eueeino?. Aei oace aeoiaeo a o?oaeo, aeeeaeaiiy aieio? oa iiaii?
noeaeino? ca?ia aiia ca?eueooaaeanue a?aeiia?aeii ia 26,1, 6,9 oa 5,8 %
? o oaco iiaii? noeaeino? ca?ia iana ei?ai?a a iaoaeia?aiiio aa??aio?
neeaaeaea 27,6 oe/aa.

Oaaeeoey 2.

Iana iia?o?yii-nooeo ei?ai?a o ni??co, oe/aa

(na?aaei? ca 1994-1996 ??.)

Aa??aioOa? a?oioo, niOace ?icaeoeo ?ineeiEou?iiyAeo?ae a
o?oaeoAeeeaeaiiy aieio?Iiaia noeae?noue ca?iaAac aeia?ea 0-30

0-5012,3

16,917,2

24,118,3

26,019,2

27,6N30P30K300-30

0-5013,8

18,618,6

26,720,8

30,122,1

32,0N60P60K300-30

0-5014,5

19,919,8

27,922,3

32,023,2

34,4

Aeia?eaa cia/ii ca?eueooaaee caaaeueio aaao ei??iiy. A 0-50 ni
oa?? a?oioo a oaco iiaii? noeaeino? ca?ia i?e aianai? N30?30E30 i?ae
i?aieo aiia ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieue ia 15,9 %. Iaea?eueoa ei?aiaaa
nenoaia oi?ioaaeanue ia oii? N60?60E30 – a ia??iae aeic??aaiiy ca?ia
aeinyaea 34,4 oe/aa, ui ia 24,6 % a?eueoa a?ae eiio?ieth.

Eieaeueia aianaiiy 30 ea ?2I5 ia oii? N30E30 nooo?ai ca?eueooaaei
iano ei??iiy, aea ia iaei ia?aaaae iaae aianaiiyi aeia?ea a?iceeae
i?ae i?aieo.

Anoaiiaeaii oaeiae, ui iacaeaaeii a?ae aeic, no?ie?a oa niinia?a
aianaiiy aeia?ea iniiaia iana ei?ai?a o ni??co (71,9-74,7 %)
ciaoiaeeoueny a i?iiio oa?? a?oioo.

I?iaaaeai? iaie aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui aoaeoeai?noue
aeei?enoaiiy aiaee ?ineeiaie oe??? eoeueoo?e caeaaeaea a?ae
canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea (oaae.3) oa iiaiaeieo oiia a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??. O
?iee aeine?aeaeaiue caiane i?iaeoeoeaii? aieiae a iao?iaiio oa?? a?oioo
cia/ii ??cieeenue i?ae niaith. Ia /an iiyae noiae?a ni??co
aiie neeaaeaee a?aeiia?aeii

Oaaeeoey 3.

Aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ?ineei ni??co

Aa??aioNoia?ia aiaeiniiaeaaiiy, i3/aaEiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy i3/o
1994 199519961994 19951996Aac aeia?ea (eiio?ieue)

N60?60E30

N90?60E301499

1566

15101313

1326

13201459

1476

14691006

811

-376

311

299

462

387

394

61,0, 126,6 oa 94,0 ii aai 48,4, 105,5 oa 78,3 % a?ae
na?aaeiuei aaaaoi??/ieo cia/aiue. A e?ioeaaiio ?acoeueoao?
oea aieeioei ia noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ? iniaeeai eiao?oe??io
aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy eoeueoo?e. Aianaiiy iiaiiai i?ia?aeueiiai aeia?eaa
ciaiooaaei eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy a ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai ia
14,7-20,4 %.

I?iaeoeoeai?noue oa ye?noue ca?ia ni??co

A?iaeae ni??co. I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui
canoinoaaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea iiceoeaii aieeioei ia ??aaiue
a?iaeath. Iani?eyoeea? iiaiaei? oiiae 1994 ?ieo cia/ii cieceee
iioaioe?eio i?iaeoeoeai?noue ni??co, aea aoaeoeai?noue aeia?ea, i?e
oeueiio, caa??aaeanue (oaae.4).

A na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee iaeneiaeueio a?iaeaei?noue (33,0-34,0 oe/aa)
ni??c caaacia/ea ia oii? N30?60E30+ AOA oa N60?60E30. Aei oiai ae,
?iieoeyoe?y ian?iiy AOA ca iaoeie aeaieie aea? iiaeeea?noue cia/ii
nei?ioeoe aeico acioieo aeia?ea i?e ae?iuoaaii? eoeueoo?e. A aa??aioao
N30?30E30 + AOA oa N30?60E30 + AOA io?eiaia iaeneiaeueia ieoii?noue
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea. Aiia noaiiaeoue a?aeiia?aeii 5,7 ? 5,4 ea ca?ia
ia 1 ea ae.?. aeia?ea.

Eieaeueia aianaiiy oinoi?o oa iiaii? aeice i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea aoei
a?eueo aoaeoeaiei i?ae ?o aianaiiy a?iceeae i?ae ia?aaeiin?aio
eoeueoeaaoe?th, aea ia iaei ia?aaaae iaae ca?iaeith aeia?ea i?ae i?aieo.

sse?ni? iieacieee. Aianaiiy aeia?ea iaaiith i??ith aieeaaei ? ia ye?ni?
iieacieee ca?ia oa e?oie ni??co. A oaeia?aieo aa??aioao a?aecia/aee
ca?eueoaiiy iane 1000 ca?iei ia 5,3-19,1 % i?e cia/aii? eiio?ieth 20,9
a. Caaaeueiee aeo?ae oa aeo?ae e?oie 1-ai ni?oo a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e
?iee a aa??aio? aac aeia?ea aoa iaea?eueoei ? noaiiaea a?aeiia?aeii
68,4%.

Oaaeeoey 4.

A?iaeaei?noue ca?ia ni??co , oe/aa

Aa??aio?iee aeine?aeaeaiueI?e??no

a?iaeath, oe/aa oe/aaIo?eiaii ca?ia ia

1 ea ae.?.
aeia?ea, ea199419951996Na?aaei?

Aac aeia?ea (eiio?ieue)14,934,929,626,5–N30P30K30-i?ae
i?aieo17.338.634.930.33.84.2N30P30K30-i?ae
eoeueoeaaoe?th15,537,232,228,31,82,0N60P30K30-i?ae
i?aieo18,041,636,932,25,74,8N90P30K30-i?ae
i?aieo14,242,335,930,84,82,9N60P60K30-i?ae
i?aieo19,343,938,934,07,55,0N90P60K30-i?ae
i?aieo14,944,237,332,15,63,1N30K30-i?ae i?aieo + P30
eieaeueii18,438,434,430,43,94,3N30P30K30-eieaeueii
18,237,934,230,13,64,0N30P30K30-i?ae i?aieo +
AOA18,140,236,531,65,15,7N30P60K30-i?ae i?aieo +
AOA19,042,937,033,06,55,4 I??05, oe/aa 1,6 2,2 1,9

A?io?i?/i? iieacieee ca?ia ni??co a ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue aoee
??cieie. Oae, o 1994 ?ioe? ai?no a?eeo a ca?i? iaoaeia?aiiai aa??aioo
neeaaeaa 13,49 %, ia oii? N60?60E30 – 14,4 %. A 1995 oa 1996 ?ioe? oe?
iieacieee ciaoiaeeeenue i?aeoe/ii ia iaeiiio ??ai?.

Ia a?aei?/aii /?oeiai aieeao aeia?ea ia iayai?noue e?ioiaeth a ca?i?.

Iaeaeuee a?aenioie e?ceio a ca?i? (0,32-0,33 %) niinoa??aaee a 1994
?ioe?. A ?io? ?iee eiai e?euee?noue eieeaaeanue a iaaeao
0,27-0,29 % ? ia caeaaeaea a?ae aeic aianaieo aeia?ea. Ca an? ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue a?eeo a e?oi? ni??co aoei iaioa i?ae a ca?i? ia 1,6-4,5
%. Ai?no eiai ia ia?aaeuoaaa 7,56-9,88 %. E?ceio a e?oi? oaeiae aoei
iaioa i?ae a ca?i?.

Aeiiii?ei-aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea aeei?enoaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea i?e
ae?iuoaaii? ni??co a iaiieeaieo oiiaao.

Aeiiii?/ia ? aia?aaoe/ia aoaeoeai?noue ??cieo aeic, no?ie?a
oa niinia?a aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ?ic?aoiaoaaeenue ca?aeii
neeaaeaieo oaoiieia?/ieo ea?o. ?ic?aooiee iieacaee, ui ?c on?o aa??aio?a
c aeia?eaaie aeiiii?/ii ?aoe?iiaeueiei ? aianaiiy N30?30E30 i?ae i?aieo
a ii?aeiaii? c ia?iaeith ian?iiy AOA ia?aae iin?aii. Aeiaeaoeia? aeo?aoe
aia?a?? ia io?eiaiiy i?e?inoo a?iaeath a aeaiiio aa??aio? ciaiooaaeenue
a 1,1-2,9 ?ace, oiaoi ieoii?noue iaeeieoe? aeo?a/aii? aia?a??
ia?aaeuoaaea ?io? oaeia?ai? aa??aioe ia 6,4-187,2 %. Eiao?oe??io
aia?aaoe/ii? aoaeoeaiino? noaiiaea 3,2 iaeeieoe?, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
aenieo aia?aia?aeaea/o i?e aeei?enoaii? aeaii? ii?ie aeia?ea.

A E N I I A E E

1. A iaiieeaieo oiiaao i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie ia oaiii-eaooaiiaiio
na?aaeiuei noaeeieiaiio a?oio? i?e iioeiaeueiiio ??ai? i?ia?aeueiiai
aeeaeaiiy ni??c caaacia/o? a?iaeaei?noue ca?ia ia ??ai? 33-34,0 oe/aa.

2. Iaeaeuee ai?no ?ooiieo oi?i acioo ? oinoi?o a i?iiio oa?? a?oioo
niinoa??aa?oueny a oaco noiae?a. I?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa, iacaeaaeii a?ae
niinia?a oa no?ie?a ?o canoinoaaiiy i?aeaeuothoue ai?no i?o?ao?a ia
43,0-54,3 %, ?ooiiiai oinoi?o – ia 29,0 %.

3. I?e aianai? aeia?ea eieaeueii oa a?iceeae i?ae ia?aaeiin?aio
eoeueoeaaoe?th ai?no oinoi?o a oa?? a?oioo 30-50 ni caeeoaany ia??ai? c
eiio?ieai.

4. *?oei? caeiiii??iino? ii ai?noo iai?iiiai eae?th a i?iiio oa??
a?oioo ii ia??iaeao ?icaeoeo ni??co a caeaaeiino? a?ae aeia?ea ia
aeyaeaii.

5. A ia??iae iaea?eueo ?ioaineaiiai ?inoo ?ineei ni??co o aenioo
(aeo?ae a o?oaeo – aeeeaeaiiy aieio?) aeia?eaa ca?eueoothoue
na?aaeiueiaeiaiaee i?e??no ia 11,6-23,1 %. Aianaiiy aeia?ea eieaeueii oa
i?ae ia?aaeiin?aio eoeueoeaaoe?th, i?e oeueiio, ia iaei ia?aaaae iaae
?o ca?iaeith i?ae i?aieo.

6. ?ici??e anei?eyoe?eii? iiaa?oi?, ai?no oei?io?eo a eeno?,
oioineioaoe/iee iioaioe?ae (OI) – iaeneiaeueieo cia/aiue aeinyaaee
i?e aianai? N60?60E30 oa N30?60E30 + AOA. Aeia?eaa ia iaee nooo?aiai
aieeao ia aaee/eie /enoi? i?iaeoeoeaiino? oioineioaco.

7. Iaea?eueo ?ioaineaia iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy iane ei?ai?a a?aei?/aii o
ia?o?e iieiaei? aaaaoaoe??. O oaco iiaii? noeaeino? ca?ia o ?ineei
oaeia?aieo aa??aio?a aiia ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieue (27,6 oe/aa) ia
15,5-24,6 %. Iacaeaaeii a?ae aeic, no?ie?a oa niinia?a aianaiiy
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea, iniiaia iana ei??iiy (71,9-74,7 %) ciaoiaeeeanue
i?iiio oa?? a?oioo.

8. Ni??c aeiineoue ?c a?oioo a?ey 77-112 ea/aa acioo, 34-56
oinoi?o oa 129-158 ea/aa eae?th. Ia oi?ioaaiiy iaei??? oiiie ca?ia a?i
aeo?a/a? oeeo aeaiaio?a a?aeiia?aeii 18-20, 8-9 oa 25-27 ea.

9.Na?aaei?e eiao?oe??io aeei?enoaiiy ni??cii ?c a?oioo acioo
noaiiaeoue 30 %, oinoi?o – 12 %, eae?th – 22 %, a ?c i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea a?aeiia?aeii 59, 136 oa 11%.

10. I?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa i?aeaeuoaaee aoaeoeai?noue aeei?enoaiiy
aieiae, ciaiooth/e eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ia 16,3-19,4 % a
ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieueieie cia/aiiyie.

11. Iaeneiaeueiee i?e??no a?iaeath ca?ia (7,5 oe/aa) caaacia/eei
aianaiiy N60?60E30 i?ae iniiaiee ia?ia?oie a?oioo.

12. ?iieoeyoe?y ian?iiy ni??co AOA ia?aae iin?aii aeicaiey? cieceoe
aeico acioiiai aeia?eaa ia 50 %, caaacia/oth/e ca?eueoaiiy ieoiiino? 1
ea ae.?. i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea, ia ciaiooth/e, i?e oeueiio,
i?iaeoeoeaiino? eoeueoo?e.

13. ?c on?o aea/a?ieo aeic, no?ie?a oa niinia?a aianaiiy aeia?ea
aeiiii?/ii ?aoe?iiaeueiei ? aianaiiy N30?30E30 i?ae iniiaiee ia?ia?oie
a?oioo a ii?aeiaii? c ia?iaeith ian?iiy AOA ia?aae iin?aii. Ieoii?noue
aeiaeaoeiai aeo?a/aii? aia?a?? i?e oeueiio – iaeneiaeueia.

14. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia oaiii-eaooaiiaeo a?oioao c iecueeei ai?noii
acioo ? na?aaei?i oinoi?o oa eae?th aeey caaacia/aiiy noaeeo a?iaea?a
ca?ia ni??co ne?ae aiineoe i?ae i?aieo i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa N30?30E30
a ii?aeiaii? c ia?iaeith ian?iiy AOA ia?aae iin?aii.

Nienie ?ia?o, iioae?eiaaieo ii oai? aeena?oaoe??

1. Iaea?ia E.O., Ooeaeei N.I. Ni?ec – oeaiiay e?oiyiay eoeueoo?a:
A na.: Oaiaoeea iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee e eo ?acoeueoaoeaiinoue a ia?aua
aiaeu iacaaeneiinoe ainoaea?noaa. – Iaoa?eaeu aunooieaiee ia
iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee. – Oa?nii, 1994.-/.1.-n.26 (I?iaaaeaii
iae?e a?iaeath ? ia?ia?oie io?eiaieo aeaieo).

2. Iaea?ia E.O., Ooeaeei N.I., Oaioo? I.A. Ni??c a c?iooaaieo
oiiaao i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie: A ca.: C?iooaaia caiea?ianoai. – Ee?a. –
1995.- Aei. 40. n.34-35 (A?aea aaciina?aaeith o/anoue a caeeaaeaii? oa
i?iaaaeaii? aeine?ae?a. I?iaaaeaii iaoaiaoe/iee ia?ia?oie o?iaeaeieo
aeaieo).

3.O?e?i’?a ?.Ae.,Iaea?ia E.O., Ooeaeei N.I. Ni??c – iiaa oe?iia
e?oi’yia eoeueoo?a aeey Oe?a?ie // A?niee aa?a?ii? iaoee.-1995.-
N 7.- n. – 27 (I?iaaaeai? a?iiao?e/i? oa oaiieia?/i? niinoa?aaeaiiy,
?ic?aooiee ).

4. Iaea?ia E.O., Ooeaeei N.I. Ni??c – iao?aaeeoe?eia e?oi’yia
eoeueoo?a // Oace aeii. i?aeia?.eiio. “Oe?a?ia a na?oiaeo caiaeueieo
i?iaeiaieue/eo ? ei?iiaeo ?ano?nao ? aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiineiao”.-
A?iieoey.- 1995.- N.- 32 (I?eeiaea o/anoue a i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiue)

5.Oeeeiueaa E.Ae.,Iaea?ia E.O.,Ooeaeei N.I. Eae au?aueaaoue iiaoth
e?oiyioth eoeueoo?o – ni?ec // Ca?iiaua eoeueoo?u.-I.-1995.-N 3.- n. 19
(I?eeiaea aaciina?aaeith o/anoue a i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeaeaiue,
ocaaaeueiaiiy io?eiaieo aeaieo).

6. O?e?i’?a ?.Ae., Iaea?ia E.O.,Ooeaeei N.I. Ae?iuoeoa ni??c //
I?iiiceoe?y.-Ee?a.-1996.-? 3.-n.33 (I?iaaaeai? oaiieia?/i?
niinoa?aaeaiiy, iae?e a?iaeath ).

7. Ooeaeei N.I. Aeeyiea o?iaiy ieia?aeueiiai ieoaiey ia ?ino e
?acaeoea ei?iaaie nenoaiu ni?eca a iaiieeaiuo oneiaeyo // Iaoa??aee
i?aei. iaoeia.eiio., i?enay/ai?e 100-e ??/i. c aeiy canioaai.
Iaeanueei? aea?ae.n.-a.ae.no..-Iaeana.-1996. – n.60

8.Iaea?ia E.O.,Ooeaeei N.I. Iaeiaia?ai?iia aeieia?/ii /enoa
eoeueoo?a // Iaoa??aee iaoeia.eiio., i?enay/ai?e 100-e ??/i. c aeiy
canioaai. Iaeanueei? aea?ae.n.-a. no..-Iaeana.-1996.-n.-116 (I?iaaaeai?
aiae?oe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy)

9.O?e?i’?a ?. Ae., Iaea?ia E.O.,Ooeaeei N.I. Ni??c – e?oi’yia
eoeueoo?a // A?ioo?a.-Oa?nii.-1997.- 25 n. (I?eeiaea aaciina?aaeith
o/anoue a caeeaaeai? oa i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiue, a?aeai?? oa aiae?c?
?ineeiieo c?ace?a. I?iaiaeeea iae?e a?iaeath, ia?ia?oie aiae?oe/ieo
aeaieo)

10. Ooeaeei N.I. Aeeyiea o?iaiy ieia?aeueiiai ieoaiey ia ?ino e
?acaeoea ni?eca a iaiieeaiuo oneiaeyo thaa Oe?aeiu // Oaa??enueeee
iaoeiaee a?niee.:-Oa?nii.-1997.-aei.1.-/.-1.-n.615-616.

11. O?e?i’?a ?. Ae. , Iaea?ia E.O., Ooeaeei N.I. Aieea
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia ai?no aeaiaio?a aeeaeaiiy a iaaecaii?e ian?
ni??co: Ca.:Aa?io?i?y ? a?oioiciaanoai.- A?oioe- Aeieia?y –
I?iaeiaieuenoai.- i.Oa?e?a.-1998.-niaoe.aei.-/.2.-n.186-187 (I?iaiaeeea
aiae?ce ?ineeiieo c?ace?a, c?iaeai? ocaaaeueiaiiy )

12. Iaea?ia E.O., Ooeaeei N.I. Iaoaio ia aeiao?ae ? 22577
A.-Niin?a ae?iuoaaiiy ni??co (I?eeiaea aaciina?aaeith o/anoue o
aecia/ai? ?aoe?iiaeueieo aeaiaio?a oaoiieia?? i?e ae?iuoaaii? ??cieo
ni?o?a oa a?a?eae?a ni??co)

A i i o a oe ? y

Ooeaeei N.I. I?iaeoeoeai?noue ? ye?noue ca?ia ni??co i?ae aieeaii
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia i?aaei? Oe?a?ie.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 06.01.09 –
?ineeiieoeoai. – Oa?niinueeee aa?a?iee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,
Oa?nii,1999.

Caoeuathoueny aeai? o?ueio ??/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue a iieueiaeo
aeine?aeao ii aea/aiith aieeao i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia ai?no aeaiaio?a
aeeaeaiiy a a?oio?, ?o aeiin oa aeei?enoaiiy ?c a?oioo ? aeia?ea,
?icaeoie ei?aiaai? nenoaie, oi?ioaaiiy anei?eyoe?eii? iiaa?oi?,
i?iaeoeoeai?noue ni??co a iaiieeaieo oiiaao.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia oaiii-eaooaiiaeo a?oioao c iecueeei ai?noii
acioo ? na?aaei?i oinoi?o oa eae?th aeey caaacia/aiiy noaeeo a?iaea?a
ca?ia ni??co ne?ae aiineoe i?ae i?aieo i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa N30?30E30
a ii?aeiaii? c ia?iaeith ian?iiy AOA ia?aae iin?aii.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe i?aoe? ciaeoee ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ae?iaieoeoa?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ni??c, i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa, aeaiaioe aeeaeaiiy,
o?iaeae.

Aiiioaoeey

Ooeaeei N.I. I?iaeoeoeaiinoue e ea/anoai ca?ia ni?eca iiae aeeyieai
eia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee ia thaa Oe?aeiu. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia iieo/aiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.09 –
?anoaieaaiaenoai. – Oa?niineee aa?a?iue ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao,
Oa?nii, 1999.

Caueuathony aeaiiua o??oeaoieo enneaaeiaaiee ii eco/aieth aeeyiey
ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee ia i?iaeoeoeaiinoue e ea/anoai ni?eca.

Eniieueciaaiea ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee iaania/eaaao oaaee/aiea
niaea?aeaiey iiaeaeaeiuo oi?i acioa e oinoi?a a ii/aa. Iaeneiaeueiia
eiee/anoai yoeo yeaiaioia ioia/aee a ia?eiae iiyaeaiey anoiaeia. Niiniau
aianaiey oaeia?aiee a aieueoie noaiaie eiaee aeeyiea ia niaea?aeaiea
oinoi?a – aai eiee/anoai i?e eieaeueiii (8-10 ni) e aianaiee a?aca?in
iiae aanaiithth eoeueoeaaoeeth, nouanoaaiii oaaee/eeinue a neia 0 –30ni.

Onoaiiaeaii, /oi eioaineaiinoue ?inoa ?anoaiee ni?eca auea iaeneiaeueiie
a iaaeoaciue ia?eiae auoiae a o?oaeo – aua?anuaaiea iaoaeee (45-55
aeaiue aaaaoaoeee). I?e?ino a aunioo i?e eniieueciaaiee oaeia?aiee a
yoio ia?eiae oaaee/eaaeny ia 11,6- 23,1%, i?e?ino aaaaoaoeaiie iannu
niioaaonoaaiii ia 5,9 – 17,9 %.

E oaca eouaiey ia oaeia?aiiua ?anoaiey oi?ie?otho 15,5 oe / aa caeaiie
iannu eee 11,9 % io iaeneiaeueiiai aa eiee/anoaa, e oaca o?oaeiaaiey e
aua?anuaaiey iaoaeee niioaaonoaaiii 48,9 e 87,3%. Iaeneiaeueiia
eiee/anoai iaaecaiiie iannu (130,0 oe/aa) ?anoaiey iaeaieeaatho e oaca
iiei/ii-aineiaie niaeinoe. Oaeia?aiey (N60P60K30) oaaee/eaaee iauaa
eiee/anoai caeaiie iannu ii n?aaiaieth n eiio?ieai a ia?eiae eouaiey ia
19,3, auoiaea a o?oaeo – ia 26,1, aua?anuaaiey iaoaeee – ia 24,8,
iiei/ii-aineiaie niaeinoe ca?ia niioaaonoaaiii ia 23.7 %.

Ieiuaaeue anneieeyoeeiiiie iiaa?oiinoe, niaea?aeaiea oei?ioeeea a
eenoueyo, oioineioaoe/aneee iioaioeeae iaeneiaeueiuo cia/aiee aeinoeaaee
i?e aianaiee N30P60 K30 + AOA e N60P60K30. Ia aaee/eio /enoie
i?iaeoeoeaiinoe oioineioaca oaeia?aiey ia ieacaee nouanoaaiiiai aeeyiey.

Iaeaieaa eioaineaiia ia?anoaiea ei?iaaie nenoaiu o ni?eca a ioee/ea io
iaaecaiiie /anoe, iaaethaeaee a ia?aie iieiaeia aaaaoaoeee, aei oacu
eouaiey ( 61,1 % io iaeneiaeueiiai eiee/anoaa). Iaeaieaa iiuiay ei?iaaay
nenoaia oi?ie?iaaeanue ia oiia N60P60K30 e a ia?eiae iieiie niaeinoe
ca?ia ninoaaeea 34,4 oe/aa, /oi ia 24,6 % aieueoa eiio?iey. Iniiaiay
ianna ei?iae (71,9 – 74,7 %) iaoiaeeeanue a 0-30 ni ii/au.

Ni?ec auiineo ec ii/au ieiei 77-112 ea/aa acioa, 34-56 ea/aa oinoi?a,
129-158ea/aa eaeey. I?e yoii ia oi?ie?iaaiea 1 oiiiu ca?ia eniieuecoaony
yoeo yeaiaioia niioaaonoaaiii: 18-20, 8-9 e 25-27 ea.

Onoaiiaeaii, /oi ia oaiii-eaooaiiauo ii/aao n ieceei niaea?aeaieai
acioa e n?aaeiei oinoi?a e eaeey aeey iaania/aiey noaaeeueiuo o?iaeaaa
ca?ia ni?eca neaaeoao aiineoue iiae aniaoeo ieia?aeueiua oaeia?aiey
N30?30E30 a ni/aoaiee n ia?aaioeie naiyi AOA ia?aae iinaaii.

Iniiaiua ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee auee aiaae?aiu a i?iecaiaenoaa.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: ni?ec, ieia?aeueiua oaeia?aiey, yeaiaiou ieoaiey,
o?iaeae.

Summary

Shukailo S.P. Influence of mineral fertilizers on the productivity and
quality of sorghum grain in the South of Ukraine. – Manuscript.

Thesis for a Candidate’s degree of agriculture in a specialized
field 06.01.09 – plant growing stable. – Ukrainian agrarian university,
Kherson, 1999.

The three – year data of researches in the field experiments on
the influence of mineral fertilizers on the contents of nutrition
elements on the soil, and removing bear and use from soil and
fertilizers, development of the root system, forming of assimilative
surface, sorghum productivity in dry lands are protected.

It is established, that on dark – chestnut soils with the low contents
of nitrogen and average phosphorus and potassium for the maintenance of
stable grain yields of sorghum, it is necessary to apply under plough
mineral fertilizers N30?30E30 in a combination with AFB treatment of
grain before sowing.

The main outcomes of researches were introduced in production.

Key word: sorghum, mineral fertilizer, mineral elements of nutrition,
yield.

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