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Психологічні детермінанти розвитку особистості менеджера: Автореф. дис… канд. психол. наук / Г.Й. Юркевич, Ін-т психології ім. Г.С.Костюка АПН Украї

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?inoeooo ineoieia?? ?i. A. N. Einothea AII Oe?a?ie

OAeE 316.37

TH?eaae/ Aaeeia Einaoao?aia

Ineoieia?/i? aeaoa?i?iaioe ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a

19.00.05 – nioe?aeueia ineoieia?y

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa ineoieia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

14

15

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a I?eea?iaonueeiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i. Aaneey Noaoaieea
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? ineoieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

I?aai E?ae?y A?iano?aia

I?eea?iaonueeee oi?aa?neoao ?i. Aaneey Noaoaieea, eaoaae?a nioe?aeueii?
ineoieia??, caa?aeoaa/

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? nioe?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

I??ai Ia??y ?aai?aia

Oe?a?inueea Aeaaeai?y aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia?
Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a iie?oieia??;

eaiaeeaeao ineoieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Ei?i?a Ieeiea Ie/eii?iae/

Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?i. Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, eaoaae?a nioe?aeueii? oa
iaaeaaia?/ii? ineoieia??, caa?aeoaa/.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: No?aeiioe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a nioe?aeueii? ineoieia?? ?
ineoieia?? oi?aae?iiy, i. Eoaainuee.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 20 ea?oiy 1999 ?ieo i 11 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.453.11 a ?inoeooo? ineoieia?? ?i. A.
N. Einothea AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252003, i. Ee?a – 33, aoe.
Iaiuee?anueea, 2.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo ineoieia??
?i. A. N. Einothea AII Oe?a?ie.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 18 aa?aciy 1999 ?ieo.

O/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Aeaena?aa I. ?.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue. Aeao?oeeo o ina?/aieo niaoe?ae?noao – iaeia c i?iaeai,
c ae??oaiiyi yei? oai?aoeee ? i?aeoeee iia’ycothoue a iaoiio
noni?euenoa? iaae?th ia oni?oia canai?iiy no/anii? oaoiieia??
ainiiaea?thaaiiy, iaieiae?iiy oeea?e?ciaaieie ii?iaie i?aai?caoe??
aeiiii?ee. Nueiaiaei? ie aeeaaii a ?ioeo i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo oa
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo oiiaao ? a?aeiia?aeii iai ae?ae iaiao?aei?
oae? yeino?, ye i?aei?e?iieoeoai, ae?eiaa ?i?oe?aoeaa, noeeuei?noue aei
?icoiiiai ?eceeo. Iiaee ?eoi aeeooy i?eiai ia no?aoo? a?ae iaaaea/,
no?an?a, oaeethaaiue. O ca’yceo c oeei aino?i iinoa? ieoaiiy i?i
naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy, ia?ai???ioaoe?th ieneaiiy, i?i oi?ioaaiiy o iiaeo
oiiaao ai?iue ? iaae/ie ioe?ithaaoe naith aeanio ae?yeuei?noue,
iiaaae?ieo, na?e ?icaeoie, aecia/aoe ia?niaeoeae ?inoo. I?ioan?ei?
yeino? ? ineoieia?/i? aeanoeaino? nai? ii nia? ia ?ic?a’thoueny ? ia
noi?iothoueny o?eueee oiio, ui ci?ieeany aeiiii?/ia ?
ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/ia neooaoe?y. sse na?ae/eoue ?noi?e/iee aeina?ae,
?eiie – oea aoaeoeaiee iaoai?ci aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei, ooieoe?thaaiiy
yeiai noeioeth? ??no ae?eiai?, i?aei?e?iieoeueei?, i?aai?caoi?nueei?
aeoeaiino? ethaeae. Ianoa? /an anacaaaeueiiai ona?aeiieaiiy oiai, ui
a?ae ??aiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? naii?aae?caoe?? eiaeii? iniaenoino?
caeaaeeoue ??no ? ianooaae aeinyaiaiue ethaenoaa a aaeoc? iaoa??aeueieo
? aeooiaieo oe?iiinoae. Ana oea aeiaaa? ?iiiaaoe?eiiai i?aeoiaeo aei
i?aeaioiaee ? ?icaeoeo eaae??a oi?aae?iiy, iaiaaeaea??a, a oiio /ene?
coiiaeth? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo oi?aae?inueeeo oaoiieia?e, ia?aaeaa/a?
ci?io ii?iaoeaieo aeiia aei ea??aiee?a, aei ?o oaoi?/ii? eiiiaoaioiino?,
caeaoiino? i???iooaaoeny a c?inoath/eo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo iioieao, oi?iiy
noai?thaaoe i?aoeacaeaoi? eieaeoeae ethaeae, ye? i?eo?eiothoueny ??cieo
oe?iiinoae ? aeeaooue a ?ioeo iiaeo oiiaao, aeei?enoiaoaaoe caniae
eiioi?eaoe??. No/aniee ea??aiee iiaeiai ai?oe aieeaaoe ia aoaeoeai?noue
aeei?enoaiiy an?o i?e?iaeieo ? noni?eueieo ?ano?n?a, cae?enithaaoe
ia?niaeoeaia ieaioaaiiy, yea a?aoiao? oe?e? noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo,
i?aeaeuoaaoe eoeueoo?o i?aoe? (A.I.Aaea?a, A.?.E?oia, ?.N.Iaiaooia,
A.A.Eiaee?i, A.I.Eacie?aiei, A.I.Oaoaiei oa ?i.).

C oaiaeaioe??th, ui oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ei??iiith ci?iith aeiia aei
ea??aiee?a ? ?o ae?yeueiino?, iia’ycai? ua aea?. Aaci?aoeaaeaioia
e?euee?noue ci?i, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a no/aniiio na?o?, oi?ea?oueny
iie?oeee, aeiiii?ee, oaoiieia??, ina?oe, eoeueoo?e, nioe?aeueieo
a?aeiinei, ia? aaciina?aaei?e aieea ia oi?aae?inueeo ae?yeuei?noue. Oe?
ci?ie ianooue a nia? ye iia?e?coth/ee aoaeo, yeee ciooo? ethaeae,
ea??aiee?a a oiio /ene?, ia?ai???ioiaoaaoeny, ooeaoe ?ioa canoinoaaiiy
nai?i cae?aiinoyi ? iiaeeeainoyi, iaaoaaoe iiaeo ciaiue ? ai?iue
a?aeiia?aeii aei iiaeo ianoaaei, oae ? aeanoaa?e?coth/ee aoaeo,
iai?oaeai?noue iioaioe?eieo iiaeeeainoae, cieaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
ae?yeueiino? (TH.Ae.E?anianueeee, ?.N.Eocuei?i, E. A. I?aai, ?. E.
E?e/aanueeee, TH.E.O?io?iia, I.?.I??ai, I.I.Ei?i?a oa ?i.).

Ua iaeia iciaea, yea oa?aeoa?ia aeey no/anii? aiioe – cieaeaiiy
iioeaaoe?? iinaaeiaiai ?inoo, e?eca oi?aae?inueei? iioeaaoe??. Iaoeia?
oai?aoe/i? oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy (I.A.Iiee, I.Aoaeeie,
Ae.O?ain?n, A.Oaaeueaa, A.A.Cacee?i, A.I.*a?ieoia, A.A.Uie?i,
A.A.O?aouey/aiei, A.I.Oaiaeue, A.O.Oeeaa, O. Aaiia, E. A. Nioaiue, Ae.
Oiee oa ?i.) na?ae/aoue i?i ?nioaaiiy 25-35% ?aca?ao i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?ioe?a ?
iaiaaeaea??a, i?i aaciina?aaei?e ca’ycie i?ae cieaeaiiyi iioeaaoe??
iinaaeiaiai ?inoo ? a?aenooi?noth iaiao?aeieo iaae/e?a ? ai?iue, yeeo
aeiaaa? no/ania iiaa neooaoe?y, i?ae ianoi?iiaai?noth ae?yeueiino? a
oe?eiio ? iiaeiaaeaiei ia??iaeii aaeaioaoe?? aei oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino?, i?ae iecueeith aoaeoeai?noth nenoaie oi?ioaaiiy
oi?aae?inueeeo eaae??a ? ?acoeueoaoeai?noth ?o ae?yeueiino?, i?ae
ao?oeeaei ?icaeoeii i?aeoeee oi?aae?inueeiai eiinoeueooaaiiy ?
a?aenooi?noth oai??? oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo a iiaeo oiiaao aeiiii?/ieo
a?aeiinei. Ioaea, aeooaeuei?noue ? iaaeinoaoiy ?ic?iaeai?noue i?iaeaie,
iaaaeueia iio?aaa ?ica’ycaiiy iacaaieo aeua noia?a/iinoae iaoiiaeee
aea?? oaie: “Ineoieia?/i? aeaoa?i?iaioe ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a”.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aea?aiee iai?yi
aeine?aeaeaiiy ia? ca’ycie c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie I?eea?iaonueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Aaneey Noaoaieea. Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoiaeeoue aei oaiaoe/iiai ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe eaoaae?e
nioe?aeueii? ineoieia?? ? aeeiiaii a iaaeao caaaeueiieaoaae?aeueii? oaie
“Ineoieia?y noaiiaeaiiy iniaenoino? i?ioan?iiaeii” (I?ioieie ? 6 a?ae
26.03.1996 ?.)..

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – ?icaeoie iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – ineoieia?/i? iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – aeyaeoe ineoieia?/i? aeaoa?i?iaioe, ui
aieeaathoue ia ?icaeoie iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a, a oaeiae oiiae ?
oaeoi?e, ye? caaacia/othoue aoaeoeai?noue oeueiai i?ioeano.

A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy: aoaeoeai?noue oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo
iaiaaeaea?a iaoiiaeaia ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie niaoe?ae?noa
(??aiai ?icaeoeo iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e iaiaaeaea?a, iayai?noth cia/oueo
yeinoae ? cae?aiinoae, aaeaeaaoi?noth naiiioe?iee),
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iei caaacia/aiiyi nenoaie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a, a oiio /ene? aeyaeaiiyi iioeiaeueieo oeyo?a ae??oaiiy
caaea/ oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a a oiiaao iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano.

Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.

1. I?iaiae?coaaoe oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? ia?aaeoiiae i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

2. ?ice?eoe ineoieia?/i? iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

3. Iieacaoe iaoiiaeai?noue iniaeno?niiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a
?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oiiaaie
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.

4. Aeyaeoe oiiae ? oaeoi?e, ui aieeaathoue ia aoaeoeai?noue i?ioeano
?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

Iaoiaeieia?/io oa oai?aoe/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue
ooiaeaiaioaeuei? iieiaeaiiy o?einio?a, ineoieia?a, nioe?ieia?a
(E.I.Aaoeueoaiiaa-Neaanueea, A.I.Eacie?aiei, I.A.Ee?e/oe,
N.Ae.Iaeneiaiei, A.I.Oaoaiei oa ?i.) i?i noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoie
iniaenoino?, ye? a aeine?aeaeaii? eiie?aoecoaaeeny /a?ac iniiai?
iai?yiee nioe?aeueii? ineoieia??, ineoieia?? oi?aae?iiy,
caaaeueiiineoieia?/i? i?eioeeie ni?eeoaaiiy, a?aeiinei, ae?yeueiino?.

Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy ineoieia?/ieo aeaoa?i?iaio i?ioeano ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a ?iaio? aeei?enoiaoaaeeny ianooii? iaoiaee:
caaaeueiiiaoeia? – nenoaiiee, aiae?oe/iee, eia?/iee; ae?aaiinoe/i? –
aieaooaaiiy, ?ioa?a’thaaiiy, a?oiia? oa ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? aan?aee;
oanoia? iaoiaeeee; aea/aiiy ae?eiai? aeieoiaioaoe??; i?iaiinoe/i? –
aenia?oia ioe?iea ? naiiioe?iea. ??cieie aeaeaie ae?yeueiino? aoei
ioiieaii 305 nooaeaio?a *i?oe?anueeiai ?inoeoooo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa oa
a?ciano, 110 iaiaaeaea??a Oa?iii?euenueei? iaeano?.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a ooi/iaii? e
eiie?aoecaoe?? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo ia?aaeoiia ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a; aecia/aii? ineoieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae oi?aae?inueeiai
?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a; c’ynoaaii? aeaoa?i?iiaaiino? iniaeno?niiai
?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie oa
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oiiaaie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?; aeyaeaii? nenoaie
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo oiia ? oaeoi??a, ui aieeaathoue ia
aoaeoeai?noue i?ioeano ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a (nai?/ania
aeyaeaiiy noa?oiaeo iieaciee?a ?icaeoeo; oi?ioaaiiy aioiaiino? aei
oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?, i?ciaaaeueii? aeoeaiino?, caoe?eaaeaiino?,
noeioethaaiiy naii?icaeoeo, caaeiaieaiino?; iiaeaethaaiiy aeiia aei
iaiaaeaea?a oa eiai ?icaeoeo; nenoaiaoe/ia ioe?ithaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
ae?yeueiino? oa ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a; eiioi?eaoeaia i?aeaioiaea;
eiinoeueooaaiiy c i?iaeai oi?aae?iiy iniaeno?niei ?icaeoeii iaiaaeaea?a;
ineoiei?aeoe?y oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo).

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o ?icoe?aii?
oyaeaiue i?i iniaeeaino? noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a a no/anieo
oiiaao, a iaa?oiooaaii? nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo iieaciee?a
aoaeoeaiino? oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Noi?ioeueiaai? a ?iaio?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino?
niaoe?ae?no?a, ui ?aae?cothoue nai? ooieoe?iiaeuei? iaia’ycee a
aaciina?aaei?e oi?aae?inuee?e ?iaio?. Io?eiai? aeai? iiaeooue oaeiae
aooe a?aoiaai? i?e i?iaiicoaaii? ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? ea??aieea a oiiaao
aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei, i?e i?aai?caoe?? aoaeoeaii? i?aeaioiaee
oi?aae?inueeeo eaae??a.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o i?aeoeeo. Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, ui i?aeaioiaeai?
ia iniia? aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeei?enoiaothoueny a i?aeoe/i?e ?iaio?
aeeeaaea/?a *i?oe?anueeiai ?inoeoooo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa oa a?ciano
Oa?iii?euenueei? iaeano?, eaoaae?e nioe?aeueii? ineoieia??
I?eea?iaonueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. Aaneey Noaoaieea a i?ioean?
aeeeaaeaiiy eo?n?a “Nioe?aeueia ineoieia?y”, “Ineoieia?y oi?aae?iiy”,
“Ineoieia?y iaiaaeaeiaioo”.

Iaae?ei?noue oa a??ia?aei?noue iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a caaacia/oaaeany
aeo?aeieie iaoiaeieia?/ieie i?eioeeiaie, canoinoaaiiyi ai?iaiaaiiai
?ino?oiaioa??th, aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueiith ia?aa??eith ?ic?iaeaieo
i?iiiceoe?e ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy:

1. Iniaeno?niee ?icaeoie iaiaaeaea?a aeaoa?i?iiaaiee ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie
aeanoeainoyie iniaenoino? oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oiiaaie
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?, ye? cae?eniththoue aieea ia iio?aai?nii-iioeaaoe?eio
noa?o ea??aieea, aaeaeaaoi?noue naiiioe?iee, niiniae aeeth/aiiy ciaiue,
oi?iue ? iaae/ie a oi?aae?inueeo ae?yeuei?noue ? ?icaeoie iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a.

2. Iio?aaa o ?icaeoeo, ci?ia iniaeno?nieo yeinoae, ?ioa?an aei iaa/aiiy
? i?ioan?eiiai c?inoaiiy, aeiaaaeaiiy oe?iiino? aeanii? iniaenoino?,
naii?icaeoie, aeieeiaiiy aioo??oiuei? iio?aae o oi?ioaaii? iaaii?
aeeoo?ai? no?aoaa??, nioe?ae?caoe?y oa ???a?o?caoe?y iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e
? aaaeeeaeie noa’?eoeaieie ia?aaeoiiaaie naiiaecia/aiiy ? ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

3. Aoaeoeai?noue ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a iaoiiaeaia eiai
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iei caaacia/aiiyi, aeyaeaiiyi i?iaeoeoeaieo oeyo?a
ae??oaiiy caaea/ oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a a oiiaao
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano (iiaeaethaaiiy aoai?a ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a,
nenoaiaoe/ia ioe?ithaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino? oa ?icaeoeo
ea??aieea, ineoiae?aaiinoeea ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo aeanoeainoae oa
aeaoa?i?iaio eiie?aoiiai nioe?aeueiiai ioi/aiiy, caaacia/aiiy nenoaie
iaa/aiiy iaiaaeaea??a, eiioi?eaoeaia i?aeaioiaea ea??aiee?a,
noeioethaaiiy naii?icaeoeo, eiinoeueooaaiiy c i?iaeai oi?aae?inueeiai
?icaeoeo).

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Ci?no iniiaieo iieiaeaiue oa
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iaaiai?thaaany ia iaeanieo eiioa?aioe?yo
i?aeoe/ieo ineoieia?a ?aaii-O?aie?anueei? oa Oa?iii?euenueei? iaeanoae
(1995-1998 ??.), ca?oieo iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo
I?eea?iaonueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.Aaneey Noaoaieea (1996-1998 ??.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ci?no aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aena?oeaiee o oanoe
iaoeiaeo noaooyo aaoi?a.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, aeiaeaoe?a. ?iaioa
aeeeaaeaia ia 140 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, c ieo 10 noi??iie
caeiathoue 10 oaaeeoeue, 5 noi??iie – 5 ?enoie?a, 15 noi??iie – nienie
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (164 iaeiaioaaiiy), 18 noi??iie – 7 aeiaeaoe?a.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeINE?AeAEAIIss

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie, aecia/ai? ia’?eo,
i?aaeiao, iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaoiaeieia?/ia iniiaa
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe; ?ice?eo? iaoeiaa iiaecia, oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia
cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeaco?oueny noa?a ai?iaaoe?? ?acoeueoao?a,
noi?ioeueiaaii iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeianaii ia caoeno.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “?icaeoie iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ye i?aaeiao
iaoeiaiai aiae?co” ?ice?eaathoueny iniiai? iaoiaeieia?/i? ia?aaeoiiae
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a eiioaeno?
no/aniiai noaio ? caaaeueiiineoieia?/ieo o?aaeeoe?e; c’yniao?oueny
iaoiiaeai?noue iniaeno?niiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a eiai
?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oiiaaie
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.

I?iaaaeaiee oai?aoe/iee aiae?c nioe?ieia?/ii?,
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ii?, ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e
(E.I.Aaoeueoaiiaa-Neaanueea, A.I.Aea?ea/, O.Athea?, I. AEaia,
N.E.?oa?iooaei, A.I.Aeaienaiei, E.N.E?aa/aiei,A.A.Iineaeaiei,
Ae.Eaa?inii, ?.Aaoeae oa ?i.) iieaco?, ui aea/aiiy caaaeueieo
oaiaeaioe?e, a ia ??ciiiai?oiino? oi?aae?inueeeo aeae?a ?icaeoeo
ni?eyoeia anoaiiaeaiith i??e caeaaeiino? iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a?ae
oi?aae?inueeiai oeyoo ? oi?aae?inueeiai oeyoo a?ae iniaenoino?. Aiae?c
ineoieia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e aea? oaeiae i?aenoaao noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui a i?e
neeaeiny ?icoi?iiy ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? ye aaaaoi?aciaeo ia?aoiae?a a?ae
iaei??? noaae?? aei ?ioi?, iaiao?aeiino? aeae?eaiiy a oeueiio i?ioean?
iaaieo ia??iae?a, ye? aeaoothoueny aecia/ieie iiae?yie, iia’ycaieie ?c
ci?iaie nenoaie oe?iiinoae, aeeoo?aeo ? oi?aae?inueeeo ieai?a a /an? ?
i?inoi??, ? aecia/athoueny caaaeueieie caeiiii??iinoyie ?icaeoeo
aeeth/aii? a oi?aae?inueeo ae?yeuei?noue iniaenoino?.

Aeooaeueiith ? iinoaiiaea ieoaiiy i?i ii?aeueia iaee//y iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a, aieea ii?aeueiiai neeaaeo ia no?ee?noue noi?iiaaieo ai?iue,
iaae/ie, cae?aiinoae, a oiio /ene? ? i?ioan?eieo (O.Aaiia, ?.I.Aiyi,
E.A.I?aai, A.I.Oaiaeue, E.I.ssntheiaa oa ?i.). Iicaaaeaia ii?ae?
ethaeeia iicaaaey?oueny ? iniiaieo aaae?e?a aeey cae?eniaiiy i?ioeano
naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy. ? iaaiaee, aenieee ??aaiue ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
iniaenoino? aeicaiey? ethaeei? ia o?eueee na?aeiii ? nenoaiaoe/ii
aeieaoe iaaaoeai? ?ene naiai oa?aeoa?o, aea e ?ioaineo?eoaaoe naith
?ioaeaeooaeueio ? o?ce/io i?aoeth.

?icaeoie iniaenoino? ?icoi??oueny ae?aeaeoe/ii ye aeai?aeeiee i?ioean
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai ? a?oiiaiai oi?ioaaiiy nooiino? ethaeeie. Noiniaii
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a iiaa eaea i?i ?ice?eooy eiai
ineoio?c?ieia?/iiai, ii?aeueii-i?ioan?eiiai iioaioe?aeo. Iniiaiei
i?eioeeiii ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ? oaeee eiai ?icaeoie, eiee
i?e canai?ii? nioe?aeueiiai, ii?aeueiiai, i?ioan?eiiai aeina?aeo ? oiia
cae?enith?oueny ia?ao?ae a?ae aano?aeoii? iiaeeeaino? aieiae?oe
nioe?aeueiei, ii?aeueiei, i?ioan?eiei noaoonii, ooieoe?yie, yeinoyie a
?aaeueio iiaeeea?noue ? ia?aoai?aiiy inoaiiuei? a ae?eni?noue ye
?acoeueoao, noeoii?noue an?o ?aae?ciaaieo iiaeeeainoae, ui iaaeai?
iaiaaeaea?o. Ca?aene ci?no ? iniiai? ia’?eoeai? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a – aeieeiaiiy iiaeeeaino? ? ?? ?icai?oaiiy a
ae?eni?noue – i?iyaeythoueny a ae?aeaeoeoe? ooaa?aeaeaiiy ?
naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy iniaenoino? ye noa’?eoa aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.

?icaeoie iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ia?aaeaa/a? aeeth/aiiy ?iaeea?aea a
nenoaio noni?eueieo a?aeiinei ? naiino?eia a?aeoai?aiiy oeeo a?aeiinei.
Oeae i?ioean cae?enith?oueny i?ae aieeaii ye oe?eani?yiiaaieo coneeue,
oae ? a ?acoeueoao? aaciina?aaeiueiai aieeao nioe?oio i?e aeoeaiiio
aea??eiaiio noaaeaii? ?iaeea?aea aei ii?i, oe?iiinoae na?aaeiaeua, i?e
aeoeai?e eiai aca?iiae?? c ioi/aiiyi. I?ioean iaaoooy ?iaeea?aeii
ciaiue, ai?iue ? iaae/ie oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? ? ia?aaaaeii
i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a, a iiiaioe ?icaeoeo
aenooiathoue a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo ye cae??ieaiiy iaaooeo ciaiue, ai?iue ?
iaae/ie, ia?aa?ae ?o o aioo??oi? ?aaoeyoi?e iiaaae?iee. Ii?aeuei?noue ?
oeaio?aeueiei ooai?aiiyi iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a; aiia ? ni?eueiei,
oeaiaiooth/ei ia/aeii, ui ia’?aeio? ??ci? neeaaeia? iniaenoino?.

O oe?eiio ?icaeoie iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ?icoi??oueny ye oe?e?nia
nenoaia, ye aaaaoinoi?iii?e, aaaaoioaeoi?iee, nioe?aeueii ? ineoieia?/ii
aeaoa?i?iiaaiee aaaaoi??aiaaee i?ioean, a oiae? yeiai ia iniia? iino?eii
aeieeath/eo noia?a/iinoae cae?enith?oueny noaiiaeaiiy iniaenoino?,
oi?io?oueny ?? i?ciaaaeueia, ii?aeueia aeoeai?noue.

Aea/aiiy iinoao? ea??aieea a ?aieao ?ice?eooy i?iaeai, ye? noinothoueny
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo iaoai?ci?a oi?ioaaiiy eieaeoeaieo noa’?eo?a
oi?aae?iiy (A.I.Eacuei??aiei, A.A.Eiaee?i, TH.E.O?ioeiia,
A.A.O?aouey/aiei oa ?i.) cana?ae/o?, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?enay/ai?
iacaai?e i?iaeaiaoeoe?, aeoeaioothoue oaaao ia aiae?c? nenoaiieo
aeanoeainoae eieaeoeaieo noa’?eo?a oi?aae?iiy; aeyaeaii? i?aai?caoe?eieo
no?oeoo?ieo ia?aiao??a oi?aae?iiy; aea/aii? iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e
iniaenoino? ea??aieea ? iioeaaoe?? aeinyaiaiue, ea?’??e, aeiaai?iaee;
iiaeaethaaii? a?oiiaeo i?ioean?a oi?aae?iiy; ?ic?iaoe? i?eioeei?a oa
i?ia?ai nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ii? i?aeaioiaee eieaeoeaieo noa’?eo?a
oi?aae?iiy.

Ni?iae aiae?co oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? aoee c?iaeai? iaoeiaei
iai?yieii, yeee io?eiaa iacao aeine?aeaeaiiy ea?’??e (I.A.Iiee,
N.Aa?eae, Ae.Oiee oa ?i.).

Aea/ath/e oaio ea?’??e ? oni?oo, A. Oaaeueaa ? O. Oaaeueaa
noaa?aeaeothoue, ui ?aae?caoe?y ae?eiaiai oni?oo aaaaoi a /iio
caeaaeeoue a?ae oaeeo oaeoi??a, ye aeania iiaaae?iea, iioeaaoe?y,
i?aai?caoi?nuee? cae?aiino?, ai?iiy aeneiaethaaoe nai? aeoiee.
Aeooaeueiith ? iinoaiiaea ieoaiiy i?i a?eueo ona?aeiieaia noaaeaiiy aei
naiai “ss”, nai?o iioaioe?eieo iiaeeeainoae, i?i naii?aae?caoe?th,
naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy. Aaoi?e i?aee?aneththoue, yeui aei iaaeaaia aoee a
iioai? oae? yeino? ae?eiaeo ethaeae, ye noa?aii?noue, i?aoeaethai?noue,
ioieooaeuei?noue, oi/i?noue ? o.i., oi nueiaiaei? o oeeo o?aaeeoe?eieo
/eiiee?a c’yaeeeny eiieo?aioe: no?anino?ee?noue, ?icoiiee ?ecee,
aeoeai?noue, iacaeaaei?noue, ai?iiy ianieiaeaeoaaoeny aeeooyi ? o.i.

Ia aeoieo aeine?aeiee?a, oeyo iaiaaeaea?a a nenoai? oi?aae?iiy a
cia/i?e i??? aecia/a?oueny ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie yeinoyie, iniaeeainoyie
aeeoeinoaa ? thiino?, iaa/aiiyi, aeina?aeii o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino?,
oaiiaie, ci?noii ? ?acoeueoaoaie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? aei anooio ia
ea?oth/o iinaaeo.

A oe?eiio ? a oai?aoe/iiio, ? a i?aeoe/iiio ieai? a no/ani?e
ineoieia?/i?e aeoioe? uiaei oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? iii?oi? o?e iia?
oaiaeaioe??: ii-ia?oa, – oea ?ioa?iaoe?iiae?caoe?y iaiaaeaeiaioo,
eieaeoeaia inieneaiiy iiaeo ?aaeueiinoae, ui ii?iaeaeothoueny
iiaeeaeaiiyi i?aeia?iaeiiai ?iciiae?eo i?aoe?, noai?aiiyi i?aeia?iaeieo
nenoai ?ioi?iaoe??. Caaaeyee iioe?aiith i?ia?ai iaa/aiiy iaiaaeaeiaioo,
ocaaaeueiaiiy oi?aae?inueeiai aeina?aeo ??cieo e?a?i, oe?ieeo
i?aeia?iaeieo eiioaeo?a a/aieo a aaeoc? aeiiii?ee, nioe?ieia??,
ineoieia?? oi?aae?inueea ioae??noue ana a?eueo noa? iaaeaaiiyi
aaaaoueio, ooi ?? iio?aao?; ii-ae?oaa, iniaeea?noue ineoieia?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue inoaii?o ?ie?a – ana a?eueoa caa?iaiiy aei caei?iaiai
aeocaeo, i?inoeo ?noei, ?aoeaio?a, ui aeia?a canaiththoueny ? ye?
aeinooii? aeey ?icoi?iiy ? aeei?enoaiiy oeie, ooi iana aaaeeo iioo
oi?aae?iiy; ii-o?ao?, a aaaaoiieaiiaeo ineoieia?/ieo eiioeaioe?yo
oi?aae?iiy aeooaeueiith ? iinoaoue ethaeeie, ?? ineoio?c?ieia?/iee,
i?ioan?eiee, ii?aeueiee iioaioe?ae, ?? ciaiiy, cae?aiino?, noeeue ?
eoeueoo?a ae?eiaeo aca?iia?aeiinei. Iniaeno?noue iaiaaeaea?a
?icaeyaea?oueny ye iaeaeua oe?ii?noue, ye iin?e iaoe?iiaeueiiai
na?oiaeyaeo.

A aeena?oaoe?? noaa?aeaeo?oueny, ui oi?ioaaiiy iniaeno?niiai ?
i?ioan?eiiai naiiaecia/aiiy iaiaaeaea?a iaoiiaeth?oueny ia’?eoeaieie
oiiaaie nioe?aeueii? ae?eniino?, oe?eani?yiiaaii iiaoaeiaaiith nenoaiith
aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei, noa’?eoeaiith i?aeaioiaeai?noth ea??aieea.

Aiae?c a?o/eciyii? oa ca?oa?aeii? iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e aeicaieea
aeie?aieoe iniiai? ia’?eoeai? ? noa’?eoeai? noa?oia? oiiae
oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo: aaciaa iaa/aiiy, iaeiie/aiiy iaoi?iaeueiiai
oi?aae?inueeiai aeina?aeo, oei ia?aoiaeo aei oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino?, n?i’y, caei?ia’y, oa?aeoa?, naiiaecia/aiiy ? iia’ycaiee c
iei ?ioaa?aeueiee iieaciee – aioiai?noue aei oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino?. O oeae ia?ae?e aa?eoee oiiae ye ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua,
oae ? aioo??oiueiai.

Aii??e/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy a/aieo o?enothoue na?eici? ci?ie a oeae?
aeeoo?aeo i???ioaoe?e iniaenoino? ea??aieea – cia/ii ciaioo?oueny noa?a
nioe?aeueieo oe?iiinoae ? c?inoa? cia/aiiy ?iaeea?aeoae?noe/ieo,
aaaeii?noe/ieo oa ?i. A ?iaio? aeaiee i?ioean ?icaeyaea?ii ye
iaeiicia/ii iaaaoeaiee. Iiceoeaiei o iueiio aa/eoueny ?icaeoie oaeeo
aaaeeeaeo yeinoae, ui ?aii?oaaeenue ?ai?oa, ye ona?aeiieaiiy naaa
a?eueiith, iacaeaaeiith, naiioe?iiith iniaeno?noth, yea nie?a?oueny ia
aeani? neee ? iiaeeeaino?, i?aaia aei naii?aae?caoe??. A oie aea /an ia
iiaeia ia aa/eoe ? iaaaoeai? aniaeoe ii?aeueii? iaaecia/aiino? ethaeae:
o aaaaoueio a?aenooiathoue ia caaei?e ieai aai cieeathoue cian?i oae?
oe?iiino?, ye iaiaaaiiy aooe ei?eniei ethaeyi, ciaoiaeaeaiiy ci?noo
aeeooy a noni?eueii cia/ou?e i?aoe?.

O oe?eiio aiae?c aeaoa?i?iiaaiino? iniaeno?niiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a
?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie
aeaoa?i?iaioaie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? aea? i?aenoaao noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui
aeiaaathoue ieeueii? oaaae ? na?eiciiai aea/aiiy i?ioeane oi?ioaaiiy
oi?aae?inueeeo eaae??a, ui iia’ycai? c aeiiii?/ieie, iie?oe/ieie
ci?iaie. Nioe?oi, oi?ioth/e oi?aae?inueeo ae?yeuei?noue, iaoiiaeth? oei
? ni?yiiaai?noue ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a. Nioe?aeueia
na?aaeiaeua, aeiiii?/i? a?aeiineie iiaeooue i?enei?thaaoe /e cao?eioaaoe
i?iya ? ?icaeoie iniaeno?nieo iniaeeainoae, aea ia iiaeooue aeeeth/aoe
?o iayaiino?. Naiiaecia/aiiy iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a nioe?oi?
iia’ycaia c ia?ano?oeoo?oaaiiyi iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e ?iaeea?aea.
Aeieeiaiiy aioo??oiuei? iio?aae o oi?ioaaii? iaaii? aeeoo?ai? no?aoaa??,
noaa?e?caoe?y oa ???a?o?caoe?y iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e ? aaaeeeaeie
noa’?eoeaieie ia?aaeoiiaaie naiiaecia/aiiy iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Iaa?oiooaaiiy iaoiaeeee aii??e/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy” aiae?cothoueny oai?aoe/i? aniaeoe aii??e/iiai aea/aiiy
ineoieia?/ieo aeaoa?i?iaio ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a,
aeacothoueny iniiai? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Oai?aoe/iith iniiaith aii??e/iiai aea/aiiy ineoieia?/ieo aeaoa?i?iaio
?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ?: ?ic?iaeai? a?o/eciyiith ?
ca?oa?aeiith (A.A.Eiaee?i, A.I.Eacie?aiei, I.A.Iiee, A.A.Cacee?i,
A.A.O?aouey/aiei, TH.E.O?io?iia, I.?.I??ai oa ?i.) ineoieia?/iith
iaoeith eiioeaioe??, ui ?ice?eaathoue: iniiai? caeiiii??iino? ?
i?eioeeie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?; iniiaiee ci?no oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino?, oiiae ? oaeoi?e ?? aoaeoeaiino?. Aa?aoueny aei oaaae ? oie
oaeo, ui ??ciiiai?oi?noue aeei?enoiaoaaieo iaoiaeee, ?o aeeth/aiiy a
?aeeio nenoaio, ni?ey? ?icoe?aiith iiaeeeainoae aeine?aeiee?a,
iiaeieaiith o?oaeiiu?a, ui iia`ycai? ?c niaoeeo?eith ia`?eoo
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? c oai?aoe/ieie aniaeoaie aii??e/iiai aea/aiiy
ineoieia?/ieo aeaoa?i?iaio ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a
aeine?aeaeaii? canoiniaoaaeinue aeaa aeiee iaoiaeee. Ia?oee iaoiaee/iee
aeie aoa i???ioiaaiee ia aei??thaaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo aeanoeainoae oa
oa?aeoa?enoee iaiaaeaea?a, ui aieeaathoue ia ?icaeoie iniaenoino?
ea??aieea: oe?ii?ni? i???ioaoe?? iaiaaeaea?a, eiai onoaiiaee, yeino? ?
?ene iniaenoino?, iioeae ? iio?aae, eiioi?eaoeaia eiiiaoaioi?noue o
?iaeea?aeoaeuei?e aca?iiae?? c i?aeeaaeeie.

Ae?oaee aeie iaoiaeee aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoa i???ioiaaiee ia
aei??thaaiiy e?eoa???a aoaeoeaiino? ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a,
ye? aecia/aeenue ianooiieie iieacieeaie: ?acoeueoaoeai?noue
oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?, caaeiaieai?noue ?iaioith ? oi?aae?inueeei
?icaeoeii, aenieee ??aaiue aioiaiino? aei oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? ?
?icaeoeo, eiioi?eaoeaia eiiiaoaioi?noue.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Aiae?c ineoieia?/ieo aeaoa?i?iaio ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a” aea/athoueny iniaeno?ni? oa?aeoa?enoeee
iaiaaeaea?a a no?oeoo?? oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo, iaa?oioiao?oueny
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ia caaacia/aiiy nenoaie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a, oeyoii aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe aecia/athoueny
iai?yiee i?iaeoeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy caaea/ ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a a oiiaao iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.

Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaiiai iieooaaiiy iaiaaeaea??a oa aenia?o?a
iieacaa, ui ?icoi?iiy iaiaaeaea?aie naiai oeyoo ? ?icaeoeo a nenoai?
oi?aae?iiy oi?io?oueny a ia?aaaaei?e a?eueoino? a i?aeoe/i?e
oi?aae?inuee?e ae?yeueiino?, ioi?ieth?oueny a nenoaiieo ioe?ii/ieo
iiiyooyo ? noaeaeaiiyo, i?eeiyooy yeeo ? ?aaoeth? aeanio iiaaae?ieo
ea??aieea. Aeath/e oa?aeoa?enoeeo oi?aae?inuee?e ae?yeueiino?,
?aniiiaeaioe aeie?aieththoue ia o?eueee iniaeno?ni? yeino? ea??aieea,
aea e eiiiiiaioe ae?yeueiino?, ye? caaacia/othoue ea??aieeia? aaoi?eoao,
iiceoeaia i?ioan?eia naiiii/oooy, ?icaeoie a nenoai? oi?aae?iiy.
Nenoaiaoecoth/e iaea?eueo cia/ou? yeino?, ye? aeae?eeee iaiaaeaea?e oa
aenia?oe o oiae? iieooaaiiy, ie ?iciiae?eeee ?o ia oae? a?oie:

1. sseino?, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue noaaeaiiy iaiaaeaea?a aei naaa ? naiai
naii?icaeoeo: a) aieueia? yeino? – iaiieaaeea?noue, ??oo/?noue,
aiaaiai?noue o nia?, c?a?ai?noue, aeo?eiea, no?anino?ee?noue oa ?i.; a)
aiioe?eii-aeeiai?/i? yeino? – ii/oooy aoii?o, aeeoo??aae?ni?noue,
iioei?ci oa ?i.; a) ?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? – eia?/i?noue ieneaiiy,
e?eoe/i?noue, aeiao?aeeea?noue, eiiiaoaioi?noue oa ?i.; a) yeino?, ui
oa?aeoa?ecothoue caaaeueiee noeeue iiaaae?iee oa ae?yeueiino?
iaiaaeaea?a – a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue, naiino?ei?noue, i?aai?ciaai?noue,
iine?aeiai?noue, caeaoi?noue aei ?eceeo oa ?i.

2. sseino?, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue noaaeaiiy iaiaaeaea?a aei eieaa,
i?aeeaaeeo oa nenoaiiiai ioi/aiiy – eiioi?eaaaeuei?noue, a?coaeuei?noue,
oaaaei?noue, eiioaeoi?noue, ni?aaaaeeea?noue, aaoi?eoaoi?noue,
aeiiaeea?noue, aiiao?y oa ?i.

3. sseino?, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue noaaeaiiy iaiaaeaea?a aei oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino? oa ae??oaiiy oi?aae?inueeeo caaea/ – aenieee
i?ioan?iiae?ci, oai?/ee oa?aeoa? i?aoe?, ii/oooy iiaiai, ii/oooy
neooaoe??, ianooaai?noue ieneaiiy oa ?i.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaei, ui ae?aiacii yeinoae iaiaaeaea?a, ui
aieeaathoue ia aoaeoeai?noue eiai oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?,
aeinoaoiuei oe?ieee. A oie aea /an i?aeoeea cana?ae/o?, ui cia/ia
/anoeia iaiaaeaea??a iaaeiioe?ith? iniaeno?niee oaeoi? a
?acoeueoaoeaiino? nai?? oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? oa i?ioan?eiiai
?icaeoeo, ia iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?e ae??oaii? oi?aae?inueeeo caaea/
oae? yeino? iniaenoino?, ye ai?iiy ?icoiii ?eceeoaaoe, i?ioenoiyoe
no?anai, eiioi?eaaaeuei?noue, aa?/eea?noue, naiino?ei?noue,
iacaeaaei?noue. Ia noa? no/aniei ea??aieeai a?coaeueii? eoeueoo?e
ni?eeoaaiiy, aeia?ice/eeaino? ? iiaaae aei ia?oia??a ii a?ciano.
Eiie?aoiee aiae?c i?aeoeee iieaco?, ui iaiaaeaea?e /anoi-aonoi
ii?ooothoue aoe/i? ii?ie ae?eiai? aca?iiae??. Iiaa eaea i?i
iaaeio?eiaiiy oaeeo ii?aeueieo aeiia ii?yaeiino?, ne?iiiino?,
ni?aaaaeeeaino?, a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, /aniino? oa ?i. I?e oeueiio
ea??aieee /anoi ia ona?aeiieththoue, ui ciai?oiy noi?iia iinoao?
iaiaaeaea?a oea ia o?eueee i?iya aioo??oiuei? eoeueoo?e, aea e
i?ioan?iiae?cio. Ioaea, aeooae?caoe?y ii?aeueiiai oaeoi?o a oi?aae?ii? –
caeiiii??i?noue oeea?e?ciaaii? oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?.

?icaeoie iaiaaeaea?a, ye ? aoaeue-yeee ?ioee i?iya aeoeaiino? ethaeeie,
aeaoa?i?iiaaiee ye ciai?oi?ie, oae ? aioo??oi?ie i?e/eiaie. A ia?oiio
aeiaaeeo ia?oueny ia oaac? ciai?oi? oiiae ? ianoaaeie oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino?, a iniiaiiio noeioee. sse iieacaee ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?aoeth iaiaaeaea?a noeioeththoue iaoa??aeueia
aeiaai?iaea (79,5%), noaaeaiiy ae?yeueiino? eieaaaie aai aeuei ea??aiei
neeaaeii (61,9%), i?eaeaaiiy aeoe?e i?aei?e?inoaa (31,8%), i?inoaaiiy
ii neoaeaia?e ae?aaei? (48,1%), iaaeaiiy noaoono naiino?eiino? (34,1%).
Ia iaio cia/ouei noeioeii ? oe?eaaa ?iaioa, ?ioa?an aei ia? (a iaoiio
aeiaaeeo aei oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?). 53,4% ?aniiiaeaio?a iacaaee
oeae oaeoi? a /ene? i`yoe iaeaaaeeea?oeo iieaciee?a caaeiaieaiino?
oi?aae?inueeith ae?yeuei?noth. Caaeiaieaiiy a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo iana
ci?no ?iaioe, ?? i?ioean. O oe?eaa?e ?iaio? ethaeeia
naiiaeooae?co?oueny, ?icaeaa? nai? cae?aiino?, ?aae?co? na?e
i?ioan?eiee, ii?aeueiee, ineoieia?/iee iioaioe?ae. A oie aea /an, ia
aeoieo iaiaaeaea??a, iacaaeiaieai?noue oi?aae?inueeith ae?yeuei?noth
oaeiae iiaea aooe oiiaith oi?ioaaiiy iio?aae ?icaeoeo. Iacaaeiaieai?noue
ni?aa?aeiineoueny c naiiioe?ieith, a ?acoeueoao? /iai aeie?aieth?oueny
oie ?? eiiiiiaio, yeee iia`ycaiee c ??aiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? ?
ia?aaeaa/a? oi?ioaaiiy iio?aae a iniaeno?ni?e ci?i?.

O aeaiiio aeine?aeaeaii? iaoiaeii iieooaaiiy iaiaaeaea??a oa aenia?o?a
aoee aeyaeai? iaea?eueo cia/ou? iio?aae ea??aiee?a ?c noaaeai ?iaioe aei
o?ueio ? aei i`yoe ?ie?a o a?oe? a?ae 25 aei 35 ?ie?a. Naiiioe?iea ?
ioe?iea aenia?o?a iieacaea, ui o an?o aeine?aeaeaiiyo iio?aaa o ?icaeoeo
? naii?icaeoeo ? aeooaeueiith.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaee ciiao aeyaeoe i`youe iai?yie?a
iniaeno?nieo ci?i iaiaaeaea??a: naii?icaeoie, ci?ia iniaeno?nieo yeinoae
(iicaaaeoeny ii/oooy iaaiaaiaiino?, noaoe a?eueo no?eiaiei, iaaooe
yeino? naiiaeaaeaiiy oa ?i.), ?icaeoie (aeeth/aiiy i?ioan?eieo ciaiue,
ai?iue oa iaae/ie a oi?aae?inueeo ae?yeuei?noue), aeiaaaeaiiy oe?iiino?
aeanii? iniaenoino? (iaa/eoeny cina?aaeaeoaaoeny, iaa/eoeny aiai?eoe
“i?”, a?aoe ?i?oe?aoeao, aeiaeaoe aeoeaiino? oa ?i.), ?ioa?an aei
iaa/aiiy ? i?ioan?eiiai c?inoaiiy (iio?aaa a iaaooo? i?ioan?eieo ciaiue,
ai?iue oa iaae/e?a; ci?ia noaaeaiiy aei ciaiue oa ai?iue). A ?iaio?
i?ine?aeeiao?oueny aeeiai?ea iniaeno?nieo ci?i a caeaaeiino? a?ae noaaeo
?iaioe ? a?eo iaiaaeaea??a.

A ?acoeueoao? ni?anoaaeaiiy i?ia?aeieo iioea?a ae?yeueiino?
iaiaaeaea??a c oni?oi?noth oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo aoee io?eiai? ??ci?
iioeaaoe?ei? i?io?e? ??cieo ??ai?a noi?iiaaiino? oi?aae?inueeiai
?icaeoeo: ieae/ee ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? oeueiai ?icaeoeo
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iioeaaoe??th, ni?yiiaaiith ia aeinyaiaiiy aeeoo?aiai
eiioi?oo (29,1%); na?aaei?e ??aaiue aeinyaiaiue a oi?aae?ii?
a?aecia/a?oueny ia?aaaaith iio?aae a aaciaoe?, caa?aaeaiiy noaoono a
oi?aae?inuee?e ???a?o?? (34,1%); aeuiio ??aith oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo
a?aeiia?aea? ae?yeuei?noue, ui iia`ycaia c aeii?ioth/eie iio?aaaie
naiiaeooae?caoe??, naii?icaeoeo (64,0%), iaea?eueo iiaii ?aae?coaaoe
nai? iiaeeeaino? o naiinoaa?aeaeaii? /a?ac aeanio ni?aao (61,6 %),
iino?eiei naiiaaeineiiaeaiiyi, c ii/oooyi iaia`yceo.

Aea/aiiy iniaeeainoae oe?ii?nieo i???ioaoe?e iaiaaeaea??a i?iaiaeeeinue
c o?aooaaiiyi iniiaieo iiceoe?e: aca?iica`ycie i?iaeaie oe?ii?nieo
i???ioaoe?e c i?iaeaiith nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ii? neooaoe?? a
noni?euenoa? oa no?oeoo?ith caii? iniaenoino?; oe?ii?ni? i???ioaoe??
ea??aieea ? no?eeei ?ioaa?aoeaiei aeaiaioii no?oeoo?e eiai iniaenoino?,
a yeiio aeyaey?oueny oe?ii?noue ethaenueei? na?aeiiino? ? iiaaae?iee;
oe?ii?ni? i???ioaoe?? ae?aaeathoue noaaeaiiy iaiaaeaea?a aei ia`?eo?a,
ui iiaeooue caaeiaieueieoe eiai aeeoo?a? iio?aae.

?acoeueoaoe iieooaaiiy iaiaaeaea??a iieacaee, ui a aa?oi?e /anoei?
???a?o?? oa?i?iaeueieo oe?iiinoae ?ici?noeeeny oae? oe?iiino?, ye:
aeoeaia ae?yeueia aeeooy, iaoa??aeueii caaacia/aia aeeooy, caaaeueia
neooaoe?y a e?a?i? ye oiiaa aeaaiiieo//y eiaeiiai. ?icaeyaeath/e
iniiai? aeeoo?a? oe?e? iaiaaeaea??a, ia aoei aeyaeaii nooo?ai? ??cieoe?
caeaaeii a?ae a?eo ? noaaeo ?iaioe a oe?iiinoyo, iinoaaeaieo ia aa?oi?
uaae? ???a?o??. Iaeiae, yeui iaoa??aeueii caaacia/aia aeeooy io?eiaei o
iaiaaeaea??a o a?oe? aei o?eaeoeyoe ?ie?a ia?oee ?ai?, oi ea??aieee o
a?oe? aei o?eaeoeyoe i`yoe ?ie?a iinoaaeee iacaaio oe?ii?noue ia
/aoaa?oa i?noea, iaaeaaoe ia?aaaao oe?iiino? “aeoeaia ae?yeueia aeeooy”.
Oaea ea?oeia oe?eeii ii?iaeueia, ine?eueee a?aeia?aaea? oeiia? iiaeyaee
iaiaaeaea??a-ii/aoe?aoe?a: i?aeaeuaia noaaeaiiy aei a?ioae. A ???a?o??
?ino?oiaioaeueieo oe?iiinoae i?ine?aeeiaothoueny a?aei?iiino? i?ae
i??i?eoaoieie oe?iiinoyie iaiaaeaea??a o a?oe? aei o?eaeoeyoe ?ie?a oa o
a?oe? aei o?eaeoeyoe i`yoe ?ie?a. sseui ia?oa a?oia ea??aiee?a aaaaea?,
ui ?aoe?iiae?ci ? iaia`yceiaith ye?noth a oi?aae?inuee?e ae?yeueiino?
(ia?oa i?noea), oi iaiaaeaea?e ae?oai? a?oie ia a?aeiia?aeiee ??aaiue
cia/ouino? noaaeyoue i?aoeaethai?noue, a ?aoe?iiae?ci iin?aea? o ieo
i`yoo noiaeeieo. Iacaaia neooaoe?y iiynith?oueny iaaoooyi nioe?aeueiiai
? i?ioan?eiiai aeina?aeo o iaiaaeaea??a ae?oai? a?oie, ye? ?icoi?thoue,
ui o?eueee aeaniith iaiieaaeea?noth ? i?aoeaethai?noth iiaeia aeinyaiooe
a?ae/ooieo ? iii?oieo ?acoeueoao?a.

Ni?anoaaeaiiy oe?ii?nieo i???ioaoe?e iaiaaeaea??a o a?oe? a?ae 25 aei
30 ?ie?a (noaae ?iaioe aei 3-o ?ie?a) ? iaiaaeaea??a o a?oe? a?ae 30 aei
35 ?ie?a (noaae ?iaioe aei 5-oe ?ie?a), na?ae/eoue, ui c iaaoooyi
nioe?aeueiiai aeina?aeo, i?aeoe/ieo iaae/e?a c?inoa? cia/aiiy oaeeo
oe?iiinoae, ye iayai?noue noni?eueiiai aaoi?eoaoo ? aeciaiiy (39,5%
aeine?aeaeoaaieo iaiaaeaea??a o a?oe? aei 30 ?ie?a iaaeaee ia?aaaao
iacaai?e oe?iiino? i?ioe 61,4% – o a?oe? aei 35 ?ie?a), iayai?noue
iiaeeeaino? naii?icaeoeo, naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy (a?aeiia?aeii 54,8% ?
73,2%), oai?/ee oa?aeoa? i?aoe? (37,4% ? 52,7%). I?aeaeuo?oueny oaeiae
?ino?oiaioaeueia oe?ii?noue aeeiiaanueei? aeenoeeie?ie, aeo?aoiino?,
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, iai?eie?eiino? aei iaaeie?e?a aeanieo oa ?ioeo,
cieaeo?oueny oe?ii?noue naiieiio?ieth, a oaeiae oaea oa?i?iaeueia
oe?ii?noue ye iayai?noue a?eueiiai /ano.

A oe?eiio aiae?c iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a, eiai
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo oa?aeoa?enoee iieaco? iane?eueee neeaaeiei ? aeaiee
oaiiiai. O iaeiiai ? oiai ae naiiai ea??aieea ia iiaea aooe caaaeaee
iaeia ? oa ae iioeaaoe?y, ? ia aoaeue-yeee iaa?? yeinoae iaiaaeaea?a
caaacia/o? eiai aaaeaiiy ?icaeaaoeny, naiiaaeineiiaethaaoeny, a eeoa
oie, yeee ? cia/ouei aeey ea??aieea, a?aeiia?aea? aeiiaai ?aaeueiiai
nenoaiiiai ioi/aiiy.

A aeena?oaoe?? c’yniaaii, ui niaoeeo?ea oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?
ia?aaeaa/a? iiaea?eiee i?ioean niiioeaiiy aei ?icaeoeo: naaa oa ?ioeo
aeey aeinyaiaiiy ye iniaenoeo, oae ? caaaeueieo oe?eae. Uia ciaeoe
i?aeo?ae aei eiaeiiai ni?a?ia?oieea, ea??aiee iiaeiai aeei?enoiaoaaoe ia
eeoa aeani? yeino? ? cae?aiino?, a e ?iaeea?aeoaeueio iioeaaoe?th
i?aeeaaeiai, iiaeiai iath oe?eaaeoeny.

Ii??aiyeueia aea/aiiy i?aeoe/ii? oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? iieaco? ia
eeoa ??aaiue ?icaeoeo iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e iniaenoino? ea??aieea, eiai
iniaeno?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee oa naiiioe?iee, aea e o? i?iaeaie, ye? ? o
aoc?anuee?e nenoai? i?aeaioiaee eaae??a oi?aae?iiy. A ia?oo /a?ao oea
noino?oueny iaaeinoaoiueiai oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/iiai ?
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iiai iaa/aiiy iaeaooi?o iaiaaeaea??a. ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue i?aenoaao aiai?eoe i?i iayai?noue i?iaeaie uiaei
?icaeoeo yeinoae ? cae?aiinoae iaiaaeaea?a, eiai aaeaeaaoii?
naiiioe?iee, iio?aa, oe?ii?nieo i???ioaoe?e ? iioea?a, i?i
iaiao?aei?noue iioei?caoe?? o ca`yceo c oeei nenoaie ?o iaa/aiiy ?
i?aeaioiaee.

O oiae? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeaii iaea?eueo aoaeoeai? ?ioaa?aeuei?
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? iieacieee ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a:
(aeea. ?en. 1).

Iacaai? nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? iieacieee aoaeoeaiino? oi?aae?inueeiai
?icaeoeo ia ? /eiinue iaci?iiei, noaeei, oei a?eueoa, eiee iiaa eaea i?i
i?aeaioiaeo eaae??a oi?aae?iiy, oi?aae?inueeo ae?yeuei?noue, ye?
ia?aaeaa/athoue oai?/?noue, aeoeai?noue, o?aooaaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae ia?oia??a ii aca?iiae??. I?aeoeea iieaco?, ui i?e ?o
ai?iaoaaii? iiaeeea? aa??aoeai?noue, ?ii?ia?caoe?y, aianaiiy ci?i a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo iniaeeainoae ethaeeie,
nioe?ieoeueoo?iiai eiioaenoo aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ?iaeea?aea,
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? oa ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/ii? neooaoe?? a e?a?i?.

?en. 1. Nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ia caaacia/aiiy nenoaie ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

.

Aeine?aeia ?iaioa ii aeyaeaiith oeyo?a i?iaeoeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy caaea/
oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a a oiiaao iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano
cae?enithaaeanue a iniiaiiio ia aac? *i?oe?anueeiai ?inoeoooo
i?aei?e?iieoeoaa oa a?ciano (o?e?ae Oa?iii?euenueei? Aeaaeai??
ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa) ? aoea ni?yiiaaia ia ae??oaiiy ianooiieo
i?iaeai: ?ice?eooy niaoeeo?ee oi?ioaaiiy o nooaeaio?a oa i?aoethth/eo
iaiaaeaea??a i?ciaaaeueieo ?ioa?an?a, cia/oueo aeanoeainoae ? yeinoae,
aaeaeaaoii? naiiioe?iee; aea/aiiy iioeaaoe?eii? noa?e iniaenoino?
ea??aieea; aeyaeaiiy oeyo?a oi?ioaaiiy ciaiue, oi?iue oa iaae/ie
oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?; aeyaeaiiy aoaeoeaieo oaeoi??a ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a.

Aenia?oia aea/aiiy ia aoai? oi?ioaaiiy i?ia?aeieo iioea?a iaa/aiiy
na?ae/eoue i?i ia?aaaao a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e a?oi? i?ciaaaeueieo
iioea?a. Oea ? iieacieeii aoaeoeaiino? i?iaaaeaii? ?iaioe, aaeaea aeaiee
?acoeueoao aiai?eoue i?i aeooae?caoe?th o nooaeaio?a iio?aa o iaa/aii?,
i?ciaii?, a a e?ioeaaiio ?aooieo ? a naii?icaeoeo. sseui ia aoai?
eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e a?oi? ia?aaaaeaee
iniaeno?nii-?iaeea?aeoaeuei? iioeae (aiie iaea?aeaee 1,8 aaea, a
i?ciaaaeuei? – 1.5), oi ia aoai? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo iaaiaee –
i?ciaaaeuei? ioe?ithaaeenue a 2,5 aaea, a iniaeno?nii-?iaeea?aeoaeuei? –
a 2,3 aaee.

I?iaaaeaiiy oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo ni?eyei iiaeeaeaiith ciaiue uiaei
cia/oueo yeinoae ? cae?aiinoae iaiaaeaea?a – eiaeiee ae?oaee-o?ao?e
nooaeaio aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie iieacaa aeeaie? ? iiai? ciaiiy uiaei
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo aeanoeainoae iaiaaeaea?a oa ?o ?ie? a no?oeoo??
oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo.

A oe?eiio aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ii?
i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie aiai?eoue i?i ??
aeinoaoi?e (aeua na?aaeiueiai) ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino?, a oea a naith
/a?ao, ? iieacieeii aoaeoeaii? aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeacothoue oaeiae ia noi?iiaaiee aaeaeaaoiee
??aaiue naiiioe?iee: aaee/eia ?icoiaeaeaiiy i?ae ioe?ieith aenia?o?a ?
naiiioe?ieith ciaiue nooaeaio?a noaiiaeoue 0,1, a ai?iue – 0,2.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue a?iioaco oa iieiaeaiiy,
aenoioo? ia caoeno.

O aeniiaeao i?aeaaaeaii i?aenoiee aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy,
iae?aneaii ia?niaeoeae iiaeaeueoi? ?iaioe iaae i?iaeaiith.

Ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeei ae?eoe oaeeo
aeniiae?a:

1. ?icaeoie iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a iniiaiiio ia?
iinooiaeueii-i?ia?aneaiee oa?aeoa?, iaeiae iiaeeeaee ? ?aa?an a
eiie?aoieo oiiaao ? /aniaeo i?iyaao. Oi?aae?inueeee ?icaeoie a?aoiao?
?aei?noue no?eeino? ? i?ieeaino?, ia`?eoeaiino? ? noa`?eoeaiino? a
ae?aeaeoeoe? nioe?aeueiiai i?ia?ano, ?aei?noue aioo??oiuei? ineo?/ii? ?
ciai?oiuei? i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?, i?ia?aneaiiai ? ?aa?aneaiiai,
iinooiaeueiino? ? niaaeei?iiino?, aaiethoe?? ? ?aaiethoe??.

2. C’yniaaiai iaoiiaeai?noue iniaeno?niiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a eiai
?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oiiaaie
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?. Iaa?oioiaaia aaaeeea?noue aeoeaiino? iniaenoino?
ea??aieea a eiai aca?iiae?? ?c na?aaeiaeuai, nenoaiiei ioi/aiiyi,
o?oaeiaei eieaeoeaii, yea aaaea aei a?eueo iiaiiai ? oi/iiai
a?aeia?aaeaiiy i?aeiniaeno?nieo a?aeiinei. O oiae? aca?iiae??
a?aeaoaa?oueny iniaeno?niee naii?icaeoie ethaeeie, aecia/aiiy iath naiai
i?noey ? ?ie? a nenoai? oi?aae?iiy. ?aaeueia oi?aae?inueea i?aeoeea
na?ae/eoue, ui nooo?a? aeaoi?iaoe?? ?inoeooo?a aeaaee, ci?ie aeiiii?/ieo
a?aeiinei, ea?aeeiaeuei? o?ainoi?iaoe?? nioe?aeueii? noa?e no/aniiai
oe?a?inueeiai nioe?oio oyaiooue ca niaith ci?ie, a iiaeaeoaee ?
aeaoi?iaoe?? noinoie?a, eiie?aoieo aa??aio?a iiaaae?iee, aca?iiae?? i?ae
/eaiaie noni?euenoaa, ?o noaoon?a ? oi?i cae/ii? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ? a
aaeoc? oi?aae?iiy. I?e oeueiio aaaeeeaeie ? ci?ie nioe?aeueieo ii?i ?
oe?iiinoae ea??aiee?a – cia/ii ciaioo?oueny cia/aiiy noa?e nioe?aeueieo
oe?iiinoae ? c?inoa? cia/aiiy ?iaeea?aeoae?noe/ieo, aaaeii?noe/ieo.
Aca?iiae?y iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ?c ciai?oi?i na?oii iaoiiaeaia aeaiia
oaiaeaioe?yie: ci?iaie iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua, ui aecia/athoueny
ae?yeuei?noth naii? ethaeeie, ? ci?iaie ethaeeie, ui a?aeia?aaeai?, ia?o
ca ana, a ineo?oe?. ?acoeueoaoii oaei? aca?iiae?? ? ae?iaeaiiy aeaio
iiceoe?e: noa`?eoeaiiai noaaeaiiy aei nioe?aeueiiai ioi/aiiy ?
noa`?eoeaiiai noaaeaiiy aei naaa. Aeyaeai? iniiai? ineoieia?/i? oiiae,
ui aecia/athoue aoaeoeai?noue ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a a
nioe?oi?, aoaeoeai?noue aca?iiae?? ?iaeea?aea ? a?oie: aenieee ??aaiue
ineo?/ii?, nioe?aeueii?, ii?aeueii?, ?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeoeaiino?
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a, iayai?noue iiaeeeaino? aeai?o, oa?aeoa?
naiiaecia/aiiy, niin?a naiiaeooae?caoe?? ? naii?icaeoeo.

3. Oeiieia?caoe?y caaaeueieo ? niaoe?aeueieo aeanoeainoae iaiaaeaea??a
iineoue oiiaiee oa?aeoa?; yeino? ? aeanoeaino? iie?ooieoe?iiaeuei? ?
iie?iiaeaeuei?, oiaoi aiie ai?uothoue a nia? iniaeeaino? aaaaoueio
ooieoe?e, ui aeiaaa? a?ae ea??aieea i?iyao c?aco aeae?eueeio yeinoae
i?e i?ia?aei?e ?ie? iaei??? c ieo. Naia oiio a aeine?aeaeaii?
i?eionea?oueny iayai?noue iaaiiai ?o i?i?ioio, i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
iiceoeai?noue oaeiai i?eiouaiiy, ui aeicaieeei aeie?aieoe o?e a?oie
yeinoae, ye? caaacia/othoue ea??aieeia? aaoi?eoao, oi?ioa “i?ioan?eia
naiiii/oooy”, ?icaeoie a nenoai? oi?aae?iiy.

4. Iio?aaiai-iioeaaoe?eia noa?a ? oei aioo??oi?i oiiii, ca aeiiiiiaith
yeiai ?ice?eaa?oueny i?e?iaea aeinyaiaiiy oni?oo a oi?aae?inueeiio
?icaeoeo. Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiiiiaee aecia/eoe iaea?eueo
cia/ou? a i?ioan?eiiio noaiiaeaii? iaiaaeaea?a iioeae ? iio?aae: iio?aaa
o ?icaeoeo ? naii?icaeoeo, iiaeeea?noue naiiooaa?aeeoeny /a?ac aeanio
ni?aao, iaiaaaiiy aeinyaoe oni?oo, iiaeeea?noue aeiaanoe oe?ii?noue
aeanii? iniaenoino?, ?ioa?an aei iaa/aiiy ? i?ioan?eiiai c?inoaiiy.

5. Aoaeoeai?noue ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a aecia/a?oueny
ianooiieie nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oaeoi?aie: oa?aeoa?enoeee
?icaeoeo, iaoiiaeai? i?aai?caoe?eiei na?aaeiaeuai, aieeaii o?oaeiaiai
eieaeoeao; iiaeaethaaiiy aoai?a ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a:
ineoiae?aaiinoeea ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo aeanoeainoae iaiaaeaea?a oa
aeaoa?i?iaio eiie?aoiiai nioe?aeueiiai ioi/aiiy a iaaiiio /aniaiio
i?inoi??; nenoaiaoe/ia ioe?ithaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino? oa
?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a; caaacia/aiiy nenoaie iaa/aiiy iaiaaeaea??a;
eiioi?eaoeaia i?aeaioiaea ea??aiee?a; noeioethaaiiy naii?icaeoeo,
caaeiaieaiino? oi?aae?inueeith ae?yeuei?noth, eiinoeueooaaiiy c i?iaeai
oi?aae?inueeiai ?icaeoeo.

Ia?niaeoeae iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie ineoieia?/ieo
aeaoa?i?iaio ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a ne?ae iia’ycaoe c
eiiieaeniei aea/aiiyi iaoai?ci?a ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a,
iiooeii a?eueo aio/eeo oi?i ? iaoiae?a i?aai?caoe?? aca?iiae?? ea??aieea
c i?aeeaaeeie oa eieaaaie ii ?iaio?, ?ic?iaeith oe?e?nii? i?ia?aie
i?aeaioiaee iaeaooi?o ea??aiee?a aei oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeai? a ianooiieo ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. TH?eaae/ A. E. Ineoieia?/i? iaoai?cie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a a nenoai? oi?aae?iiy // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue: o?einio?y,
nioe?ieia?y, ineoieia?y. – ?aaii-O?aie?anuee: Aeae-ai “Ieae”
I?eea?iaonueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo, 1996. – Aei. ?. – *. ?. – N. 56-62.

2. TH?eaae/ A. E. Iniiai? ia?aaeoiiae aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? i?ioan?iiaeii // Ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? ?
ni?eeoaaiiy / Ca ?aae. E. A. I?aai, Ae. I. A?eaeaeoea. – E.: I?ana
Oe?a?ie, 1997. – N.4-14.

3. TH?eaae/ A. E. Nooi?nia oa?aeoa?enoeea i?ioan?eii? oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino? // Ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? ? ni?eeoaaiiy / Ca
?aae. E.A.I?aai, Ae.I.A?eaeaeoea. – E.: I?ana Oe?a?ie, 1997. – N.
97-114.

4. TH?eaae/ A. E. Iaoiiaeai?noue iniaeno?niiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a
nioe?ieoeueoo?ieie oiiaaie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? // Iaoeia? caienee
Oa?iii?euenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaae. oi-oo, na??y 3: Iaaeaaia?ea ?
ineoieia?y. – ? 2. – 1998. – N.46-48.

5. TH?eaae/ A.E. Eiioi?eaoeaia i?aeaioiaea iaiaaeaea?a ye iaoai?ci
aoaeoeaii? ?aaoeyoe?? oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino? // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue: o?einio?y, nioe?ieia?y, ineoieia?y. – ?aaii-O?aie?anuee:
Aeae-ai “Ieae” I?eea?iaonueeiai oi-oo, 1998. – Aei. 2. – *. ?. – N.
18-24.

6. TH?eaae/ A.E. Nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? iniaeeaino? oi?aae?inueei?
ae?yeueiino? iaiaaeaea??a // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue: o?einio?y,
nioe?ieia?y, ineoieia?y. – ?aaii-O?aie?anuee: Aeae-ai “Ieae”
I?eea?iaonueeiai oi-oo, 1998. – Aei. 2. – *. ??. – N. 69-74.

TH?eaae/ A. E. Ineoieia?/i? aeaoa?i?iaioe ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
iaiaaeaea?a. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa ineoieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 19.00.05 – nioe?aeueia ineoieia?y. – ?inoeooo
ineoieia?? ?i.A.N.Einothea, AII Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?enay/aia aea/aiith ineoieia?/ieo aeaoa?i?iaio ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? iaiaaeaea?a, oiia ? oaeoi??a, ui caaacia/othoue
aoaeoeai?noue aeaiiai i?ioeano. Iaa?oioiaaia aeaoa?i?iiaai?noue
iniaeno?niiai ?icaeoeo iaiaaeaea?a ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie aeanoeainoyie oa
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieie oiiaaie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: oi?aae?inueea ae?yeuei?noue, iaiaaeaea?, ?icaeoie,
ineoieia?/i? aeaoa?i?iaioe ?icaeoeo.

Yurkevich G. I. Psychological determinants of manager’s personality
development. – Manuscript.

Dissertation for a candidate’s degree by speciality 19.00.05. – social
psychology. – The Institute of Psychology named after G.S.KostJuk,
Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 1999.

The thesis is dedicated to the investigation of the psychological
determinants of manager’s personality development, to the conditions and
factors of the effectiveness of maneger’s personality development
process are revealed. The determinantion of manager’s personality
development by individual properties and social-psychological conditions
of manager’s vital activity is grounded.

Key-words: management activity, manager, development, psychological
determinants of development.

TH?eaae/ A. E. Ineoieiae/aneea aeaoa?ieiaiou ?acaeoey ee/iinoe
iaiaaeaea?a. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa ineoieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 19.00.05 – nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey. – Einoeooo
ineoieiaee ei. A.N.Einothea, AII Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

Enneaaeiaaiea iinayuaii eco/aieth ineoieiae/aneeo aeaoa?ieiaio ?acaeoey
ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a, oneiaeyi e oaeoi?ai yooaeoeaiinoe aeaiiiai
i?ioeanna. Iainiiaaia aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiinoue ee/iinoiiai ?acaeoey
iaiaaeaea?a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie naienoaaie e nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeie
oneiaeyie aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe.

?acoeueoaou aeena?oaoeeiiiiai enneaaeiaaiey iicaieytho ooi/ieoue e
eiie?aoece?iaaoue oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?aaeiinueee ?acaeoey
ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a; ii?aaeaeeoue ineoieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe
oi?aaeai/aneiai ?acaeoey iaiaaeaea?a; iainiiaaoue aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiinoue
ee/iinoiiai ?acaeoey iaiaaeaea?a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie naienoaaie e
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeie oneiaeyie aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe; auyaeoue
nenoaiu nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeo oneiaee e oaeoi?ia, aeeythueo ia
yooaeoeaiinoue i?ioeanna ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a (naiaa?aiaiiia
auyaeaiea noa?oiauo iieacaoaeae ?acaeoey; oi?ie?iaaiea aioiaiinoe e
oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iiciaaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe,
caeioa?aniaaiiinoe, noeioee?iaaiea naii?acaeoey, oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe;
iiaeaee?iaaiea o?aaiaaiee e iaiaaeaea?o e aai ?acaeoeth; nenoaiaoe/aneia
ioeaieaaiea ?acoeueoaoia aeayoaeueiinoe e ?acaeoey iaiaaeaea?a;
eiiioieeaoeaiay iiaeaioiaea; eiinoeueoe?iaaiea ii i?iaeaiai oi?aaeaiey
ee/iinoiui ?acaeoeai iaiaaeaea?a; ineoiei??aeoeey oi?aaeai/aneiai
?acaeoey).

Enneaaeiaaiea aeaei aiciiaeiinoue auaeaeeoue iyoue iai?aaeaiee
ee/iinoiuo eciaiaiee iaiaaeaea?ia: naii?acaeoea, eciaiaiea ee/iinoiuo
ea/anoa, aeooaeecaoeey iio?aaiinoe a ?acaeoee, aeieacaoaeuenoai
nianoaaiiie ee/iinoiie oeaiiinoe, eioa?an e iao/aieth e
i?ioanneiiaeueiiio ?inoo.

A aeenna?oaoeee iieacaii, /oi nioeeoi, oi?ie?oy oi?aaeai/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue, iaoneiaeeaaao oei e iai?aaeaiea ?acaeoey ee/iinoe
iaiaaeaea?a. Nioeeaeueiay n?aaea, yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey iiaoo
onei?youe eee caaea?aeeaaoue i?iyaeaiea e ?acaeoea ee/iinoiuo
iniaaiiinoae, ii ia iiaoo eneeth/aoue eo. Aicieeiiaaiea aioo?aiiae
iaiaoiaeeiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey ii?aaeaeaiiie aeeciaiiie no?aoaaee,
noaaeeecaoeey iioeaaoeeiiiie noa?u – yoi aaaeiua iauaeoeaiua
i?aaeiinueee naiiii?aaeaeaiey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a.

?acaeoea ?oeiaiaeeoaey aeaoa?ieie?iaaii aiaoieie e aioo?aiieie
i?e/eiaie. A ia?aii neo/aa, eae iieacaee ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey,
?aaioo iaiaaeaea?a noeioee?otho iaoa?eaeueiua aiciaa?aaeaeaiey,
iaeia?aiea aeayoaeueiinoe eieeaaaie eee auoanoiyuei ia/aeuenoaii,
i?iaeaeaeaiea ii neoaeaaiie eanoieoea. Ia iaiaa nouanoaaiiui noeioeii
yaeyaony eioa?anoiay ?aaioa, oaea/aiiinoue ath.

Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey iioeaaoeeiiiie noa?u ee/iinoe
iaiaaeaea?a, aai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo oa?aeoa?enoee naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i
oii, /oi o iaeiiai e oiai aea ?oeiaiaeeoaey ia iiaeao auoue anaaaea
iaeia e oa aea iioeaaoeey. N?aaieoaeueiia eco/aiea i?aeoe/aneie
oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe iieacuaaao ia oieueei o?iaaiue ?acaeoey
iioeaaoeeiiiie noa?u ee/iinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaey, ii e i?iaeaiu eaae?ia
oi?aaeaiey. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi eanaaony iaaeinoaoi/iiai
oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/aneiai e nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneiai iao/aiey
aoaeoueo iaiaaeaea?ia. Aeaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iiaeoaa?aeeee
iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?acaeoey ea/anoa e niiniaiinoae iaiaaeaea?a, aai
aaeaeaaoiie naiiioeaiee, iio?aaiinoae, iioeaia, iioeiecaoeee nenoaiu
iao/aiey e iiaeaioiaee iaiaaeaea?ia.

A niioaaonoaee n oai?aoe/aneeie aniaeoii yiie?e/aneiai eco/aiey
ineoieiae/aneeo aeaoa?ieiaio ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a a
enneaaeiaaiee i?eiaiyeenue aeaa aeiea iaoiaeee. Ia?aue iaoiaee/aneee
aeie aue ni?eaioe?iaai ia ecia?aiea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo naienoa e
oa?aeoa?enoee iaiaaeaea?a, aeeythueo ia ?acaeoea ee/iinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaey:
oeaiiinoiua i?eaioaoeee iaiaaeaea?a, aai onoaiiaee, ea/anoaa e /a?ou
ee/iinoe, iioeau e iio?aaiinoe, eiiioieeaoeaiay eiiiaoaioiinoue a
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii acaeiiaeaenoaee n iiae/eiaiiuie.

Aoi?ie aeie iaoiaeee aeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey aue ni?eaioe?iaai ia
ecia?aiea e?eoa?eaa yooaeoeaiinoe ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a,
ii?aaeaeyaiuo neaaeothueie iieacaoaeyie: ?acoeueoaoeaiinoueth
oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoueth ?aaioie e
oi?aaeai/aneei ?acaeoeai, aunieei o?iaiai aioiaiinoe e oi?aaeai/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe e ?acaeoeth, eiiioieeaoeaiie eiiiaoaioiinoueth.

A aeenna?oaoeee iainiiauaaaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneiai iaania/aiey nenoaiu ?acaeoey ee/iinoe
iaiaaeaea?a, iooai iiuoii-yenia?eiaioaeueiie ?aaiou ii?aaeaeythony
iai?aaeaiey i?iaeoeoeaiiai ?aoaiey caaea/ ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a
a oneiaeyo o/aaiiai i?ioeanna.

Oeiieiaecaoeey iaueo e niaoeeaeueiuo naieno iaiaaeaea?ia iineo oneiaiue
oa?aeoa?; ea/anoaa e naienoaa iieeooieoeeiiaeueiu e iieeiiaeaeueiu.
Iiyoiio a enneaaeiaaiee iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony nouanoaiaaiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai
eo ieieioia. Yoi aeaei aiciiaeiinoue auaeaeeoue o?e a?oiiu ea/anoa,
eioi?ua iaania/eaatho ?oeiaiaeeoaeth aaoi?eoao, oi?ioaa
“i?ioanneiiaeueiia naii/oanoaea”, ?acaeoea a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey:
ea/anoaa, /oi oa?aeoa?ecotho ioiioaiea iaiaaeaea?a e naaa, e naiaio
naii?acaeoeth; ea/anoaa, /oi oa?aeoa?ecotho ioiioaiea iaiaaeaea?a e
iiae/eiaiiui, eieeaaai; ea/anoaa, eioi?ua oa?aeoa?ecotho ioiioaiea
iaiaaeaea?a e oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.

I?iaaaeaiiia enneaaeiaaiea aeaao aiciiaeiinoue ia ea/anoaaiii iiaii
o?iaia ?aoaoue eiie?aoiua caaea/e ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a. A oi
aea a?aiy ?acoeueoaou eco/aiey i?iaeaiu ineoieiae/aneeo aeaoa?ieiaio
?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a ia i?aoaiaeotho ia iieiia ?ane?uoea
aeaiiie oaiu. Ia?niaeoeau aeaeueiaeoaai aa eco/aiey ioaeii iiaycaoue n
eiiieaeniui eco/aieai iaoaieciia ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iaiaaeaea?a, iieneii
aieaa aeaeeo oi?i e iaoiaeia i?aaiecaoeee acaeiiaeaenoaey ?oeiaiaeeoaey
n iiae/eiaiiuie e eieeaaaie ii ?aaioa, ?ac?aaioeie oeaeinoiie i?ia?aiiu
iiaeaioiaee aoaeoueo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: oi?aaeai/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, iaiaaeaea?, ?acaeoea,
ineoieiae/aneea aeaoa?ieiaiou ?acaeoey.

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