.

Реакції в хлоридно-кремнійфторидних розплавах при одержанні електролітичного кремнію: Автореф. дис… канд. хім. наук / Г.Я. Касьяненко, НАН України.

Язык: украинский
Формат: реферат
Тип документа: Word Doc
123 2174
Скачать документ

Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y iaoe Oe?a?ie

?inoeooo caaaeueii? oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i??

?i. A.?.Aa?iaaenueeiai

OAeE 541.123

Eanueyiaiei Aaiaae?e sseiae/

?AAEOe?? A OEI?EAeII-E?AII??OOI?EAeIEO ?ICIEAAAO I?E IAeA?AEAII?
AEAEO?IE?OE*IIAI E?AII?TH

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 02.00.04 – O?ce/ia o?i?y

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe

EE?A – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? caaaeueii? oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i??
?i.A.?.Aa?iaaenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie ? a Noinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio
iaae?inoeooo? ?i. A.N.Iaea?aiei.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

IAIIA Aaeoa?ae Aaneeueiae/, ?inoeooo

caaaeueii? oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i??

?i. A.?.Aa?iaaenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie,

caa. a?aeae?eii

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee

IIAEUe*OE Aiaoie?e Iiaianiae/,

?inoeooo caaaeueii? oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? ?i. A.?.Aa?iaaenueeiai IAI
Oe?a?ie, caa. a?aeae?eii

eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe

IONOssOeA Ieaa Ieeeoi?iae/,

Oe?a?inueeee o?ainii?oiee oi?aa?neoao, aeioeaio eaoaae?e

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao Oe?a?ie (EI?)

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 16 aa?aniy 1999 ?. i 1000 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 26.218.01 a ?inoeooo? caaaeueii? oa
iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252680 Ee?a-142, i?ini.
Aeaaeai?ea Iaeeaae?ia, 32/34, eiioa?aioe-cae.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo caaaeueii?
oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? ?i.A.?.Aa?iaaenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 12 eeiiy 1999 ?ieo

A/aiee nae?aoa? Niaoe?ae?ciaaii?

A/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.218.01,

aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A.A.Iaiia
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. Iaeiei c ia?niaeoeaieo niinia?a iaea?aeaiiy
e?aii?th aenieiai nooiaith /enoioe, ui ciaoiaeeoue oe?iea aeei?enoaiiy a
oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioeanao ae?iaieoeoaa iai?ai?ia?aeieeiaeo ?ioaa?aeueieo
noai oa niiy/ieo aaoa?ae, iiaea noaoe aeaeo?ie?c ?icieaa?a nieae, ye?
iathoue o nai?io neeaae? e?aii?e. Oaea a?aeii? e?aiiaooi?eaei?
aeaeo?ie?oe, ui aeicaieythoue io?eioaaoe oeei niiniaii e?aii?e o
aeaeyae? ii?ioe?a, aoaie aai iie?e?enoae?/ieo ie?aie.

Aea ?aae?caoe?y ia i?aeoeoe? i?ioeano iaea?aeaiiy e?aii?th aeaeo?ie?cii
?icieaa?a aeiaaa? i?iaeiaaeaiiy iiooeo oaoiieia?/ieo aeaeo?ie?o?a oa
e?aii??ai?nii? ne?iaeie. A yeino? inoaiiuei? aoaeoeaii aeei?enoiaoaaoe
iia?/i? i?iaeoeoe ?nioth/eo ae?iaieoeoa: aeniei/eno? oao?aoei?eae oa
aeeieneae e?aii?th, oeaiee eaa?oeo. Aeey oeueiai iio??aii ciaoe oa?aeoa?
?o aca?iiae?? c aeaeo?ie?oii.

Iaoa ?iaioe. Eiiieaenia o?ceei-o?i?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy aca?iiae?? nieae o
neeaaeieo aaaaoieiiiiiaioieo nenoaiao ia iniia? ooi?inee?eao?a eae?th oa
iao??th c iaoith aeai?o iecueeiieaaeeo ? oa?i?/ii noaa?eueieo neeaae?a
aeaeo?ie?o?a, a oaeiae niinia?a iane/aiiy inoaii?o oao?aoei?eaeii oa
ae?ieneaeii e?aii?th, aea/aiiy oiia aeaeo?iinaaeaeaiiy e?aii?th c oeeo
aeaeo?ie?o?a ? eiai i/euaiiy a?ae nieueiai? oace.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia. Iaea?aeai? iia? aeai? i?i aca?iiae?th nieae o /ioe?i?e
aca?ii?e nenoai? K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62-. Aecia/ai? oaiia?aoo?e ieaaeaiiy
iiiaa??aioieo oi/ie oa ?o ?ici?uaiiy a oao?aaae?ao neeaaeo ? noaa?eueieo
?icoeiao. Cai?iiiiiaai? iia? iecueeiieaae? neeaaee aeaeo?ie?o?a aeey
io?eiaiiy e?aii?th; aeaia ioe?iea ?o oa?i?/ii? no?eeino? oa caeaoiino?
?ic/eiyoe aeeieneae e?aii?th.

Aea/aia ae?aa?aia ieaaeino? iio??eii? nenoaie K+|BF4-,Cl-, SiF62-,
aecia/ai? iecueeiieaae? nieueia? eiiiiceoe??, caeaoi? e?euee?nii
?ic/eiyoe aeeieneae e?aii?th. Iieacaia caeaaei?noue ai?noo ai?o a
eaoiaeiiio i?iaeoeo? a?ae oiia i?iaaaeaiiy aeaeo?ie?co.

Cae?eniaiee oai?aoe/iee aiae?c iiaeeeaeo iaoai?ci?a aca?iiae??
oao?aoei?eaeo e?aii?th c oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeieie ?icieaaaie, ?acoeueoaoe
yeiai ni?anoaaeai? c aenia?eiaioaeueieie aeaieie. Iaea?aeai? ae?ace, ui
aeicaieythoue ioe?ithaaoe aaee/eio iioieo e?aii?th a ?icieaa i?e
iane/aii? inoaiiueiai oao?aoei?eaeii e?aii?th a noaoe/iiio oa
aeeiai?/iiio ?aaeeiao. Anoaiiaeai? oaiia?aoo?ia oa eiioeaio?aoe?eia
caeaaeiino? oaeaeeino? iane/aiiy, aecia/ai? e?i?ooth/? noaae?? aeey
??cieo oiia cae?eniaiiy i?ioeano. Iieacaia iiaeeea?noue aeaeo?ie?oe/iiai
iaea?aeaiiy e?aii?th ?c oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeieo ?icieaa?a, iane/aieo SiCl4.

Aeine?aeaeaia e?iaoeea aaeooi-oa?i?/ii? naia?aoe?? aeaeo?ie?oe/iiai
e?aii?th a?ae nieueiai? oace. Anoaiiaeaiee aieea aaeooio oa oaiia?aoo?e
ia i?ioean a?aeaiio nieae. Iieacaiee iiceoeaiee aieea iiia?aaeiuei?
a?ae?iia?iaee eaoiaeiiai i?iaeoeoo ia aoaeoeai?noue aaeooi-oa?i?/iiai
i/euaiiy.

Oai?aoe/ia oa i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe noaiiaeyoue
niaith o?ceei-o?i?/io iniiao niiniao io?eiaiiy aeniei/enoiai e?aii?th
aeaeo?ie?cii oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeieo ?icieaa?a, iane/aieo oao?aoei?eaeii /e
aeeieneaeii e?aii?th. Aeai? i?i ae?aa?aie ieaaeino? aaaaoieiiiiiaioieo
nieueiaeo nenoai ia iniia? ooi?nee?eao?a eae?th oa iao??th, ??aiiaaae a
nenoai? oao?aoei?eae e?aii?th – oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeiee ?icieaa, oa?i?/io
no?ee?noue aeine?aeaeoaaieo nieueiaeo nenoai, i?i aieea neeaaeo ?icieaao
oa niiniao eiai iane/aiiy e?aii??i ia /enoioo eaoiaeiiai i?iaeoeoo, a
oaeiae aeai? c aeenoeeyoe?? eaoiaeieo inaae?a ? aaciaeie i?e ?ic?iaoe?
oaoiieia?? io?eiaiiy aeniei/enoiai e?aii?th aeaeo?ie?cii ?icieaa?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe oa ioae?eaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? aoee
i?aaenoaaeai? ia XII Oe?a?inuee?e eiioa?aioe?? c iai?aai?/ii? o?i??
(N?ioa?iiieue, 1989 ?.), VI I?aeia?iaeiiio O?oie?iianueeiio neiiiceoi?
(Iineaa, ?in?y, 1995), ?a?iiaenuee?e eiioa?aioe?? c ?icieaa?a
(Niie?i?oea, Neiaae?y, 1996 ?.), ia eiioa?aioe?yo c o?ce/ii? o?i?? oa
aeaeo?io?i?? ?inoeoooo caaaeueii? oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? AI Oe?a?ie
(Ee?a, 1992, 1993 ??.). C oaie aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iioae?eiaai? 4
iaoeia? noaoo?, 3 oace aeiiia?aeae, io?eiaia aaoi?nueea na?aeioeoai ia
aeiao?ae. Iaaaaeai? a ?iaio? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue io?eiai? aaoi?ii
iniaenoi.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, iaeyaeo
e?oa?aoo?e, aenia?eiaioaeueii? /anoeie, ui i?noeoue 4 aeaae, aeniiae?a,
nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e ?c 124 iaeiaioaaiue. ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia
102 noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo ? i?noeoue 21 oaaeeoeth oa 24 ?enoiee.

CI?NO ?IAIOE

Iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e. ?icaeyioo? iiaeeeaino? io?eiaiiy aeniei/enoiai
e?aii?th aeaeo?ie?cii nieueiaeo ?icieaa?a. Iieacaii, ui a e?oa?aoo?? ia
nenoaiaoeciaai? aeai? uiaei o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae
oei?eaeii-ooi?nee?eaoieo nenoai, ui cao?oaeith? aea?? iioeiaeueieo c
oi/ee ci?o oaoiieia?? (oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiiy, oa?i?/ia no?ee?noue)
neeaae?a aeaeo?ie?o?a, niinia?a i?eaiooaaiiy inoaii?o /e ei?eaoaaiiy ?o
aaciina?aaeiuei a aeaeo?ie?ca??, iaea?aeaiiy ia eaoiae? iaoaei-nieueiaeo
inaae?a, caeaoieo aac o?oaeiiu?a ?iciiae?eyoeny ia neeaaeia? /anoeie.

Ca?aeii c aiae?cii e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo, c iaoith oe?eani?yiiaaiiai
iiooeo oaoiieia?/ieo aeaeo?ie?o?a aeey io?eiaiiy e?aii?th iaiao?aeiei ?
eiiieaenia aea/aiiy aca?iiae?? a nieueiaeo noi?oao oei?eae?a, ooi?eae?a,
ooi?nee?eao?a eae?th oa iao??th, oiia io?eiaiiy iecueeiieaaeeo neeaae?a
oeyoii aca?iiae?? oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeieo ?icieaa?a c aeeieneaeii oa
oao?aoei?eaeii e?aii?th.

Iaoiaee oa ia’?eoe aeine?aeaeaiue. Aeey ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue
o ?iaio? aeei?enoaii eiiieaen o?ceei-o?i?/ieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue.
Aea/aiiy eiiaeainiaaieo oac aaee iaoiaeaie a?coaeueii-iie?oa?i?/iiai,
aeeoa?aioe?eii-oa?i?/iiai, a?aa?iao?e/iiai, ?aioaaiioaciaiai aiae?c?a,
iioaioe?iiao???. Aca?iiae?th oao?aoei?eaeo e?aii?th c
oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeieie ?icieaaaie aeine?aeaeoaaee iaoiaeii ?cioa?i?/iiai
iane/aiiy ?icieaao aaciiiae?aiei SiCl4 a noaoe/ieo oa aeeiai?/ieo
oiiaao. I?iaeoeoe o?i?/ii? aca?iiae?? aecia/aeeny o?i?/iei,
iioaioe?iiao?e/iei, oioiiao?e/iei iaoiaeaie aiae?co. Aeey aecia/aiiy
nooiaith i/euaiiy eaoiaeiiai inaaeo e?aii?th oa iayaiino? a iueiio
aeii?oie aeiaeaoeiai aeei?enoiaoaaee iaoiae aoiiii-aani?aoe?eii?
niaeo?ioioiiao???. I?e anoaiiaeaii? iioeiaeueieo oiia aeaeo?iinaaeaeaiiy
e?aii?th ?c aeine?aeaeoaaieo neeaae?a aeaeo?ie?o?a canoiniaoaaee
aaeueaaiinoaoe/iee oa iioaioe?inoaoe/iee aeaeo?ie?c.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiue aoee nieueia? noi?o? /ioe?ii? aca?iii? nenoaie
K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62- oa iio??eii? nenoaie KBF4-KCl-K2SiF6.

Ieaae?noue nieueiaeo noi?oae nenoai KBF4-KCl-K2SiF6 ? K+,Na+||Cl–,
F–,SiF62– oa ?ic/eii?noue o ieo aeeieneaeo e?aii?th. A?aoiaoth/e
iai?yiee iai?iieo ?aaeoe?e i?ae eiiiiiaioaie, a oaeiae iayai?noue
?aaeoe?? ooai?aiiy aaioaooi?nee?eaoo eae?th a a?ia?i?e nenoai? c
ooi?eaeo oa aaenaooi?nee?eaoo eae?th, o /ioe?i?e aca?ii?e nenoai?, ui
aea/aeanue, iiaeia aeae?eeoe o?e noaa?euei? ?icoeie, ye? yaeythoue
niaith i?ino? iio??ei? nenoaie: NaF-KCl-K2SiF6, NaF-KCl-K3SiF7,
NaF-KCl-Na2SiF6. Noaa?euei? ?icoeie iiae?eythoue i?ecio neeaaeo /ioe?ii?
nenoaie ia /ioe?e noaa?eueieo oao?aaae?e, a yeeo a?aenooi? ?aaeoe??
iai?io oa ooai?aiiy iiaeo oac: NaF-KCl-KF-K3SiF7, NaF-KCl-K3SiF7-K2SiF6,
NaF-KCl-K2SiF6-Na2SiF6,NaF-KCl-NaCl-Na2SiF6. Aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee ni?yiiaai? ia ooi/iaiiy iaaeinoaoiuei aea/aieo
aeaiaio?a ia ae?aa?aiao ieaaeino? nenoai, ui ooai?ththoue ?icai?oeo
i?ecie neeaaeo /ioe?ii? aca?iii? nenoaie, aea/aiiy oaciaeo ae?aa?ai
noaa?eueieo ?icoei?a, aecia/aiiy iecueeiieaaeeo neeaae?a (?iaa??aioieo
oi/ie) o noaa?eueieo oao?aaae?ao.

?enoiie 1 – ?icai?oea a?aiae i?ecie neeaaeo /ioe?ii? aca?iii? nenoaie
K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62-

Aiae?c aca?iiiai ?ici?uaiiy oaciaeo iie?a (ia’?i?a) e?enoae?caoe?? a
/ioe?i?e aca?ii?e nenoai? K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62- iieaaoo?oueny
iiaoaeiaith ?icai?oee i?ecie neeaaeo (?en.1). I?e oeueiio aoee
aeei?enoai? e?oa?aoo?i? aeai?. Aeey ooi/iaiiy oa?aeoa?o aca?iiae?? nieae
aeine?aeaeaia ieaae?noue ie?aieo aeaiaio?a iio??eii? aca?iii? nenoaie
K+,Na+||F-, SiF62-, yea yaey? niaith iaeio c a?aiae i?ecie neeaae?a.
Ca?aeii iaea?aeaieo aeaieo, o iiaea?ei?e nenoai? ?c ooi?eaeo iao??th oa
aaenaooi?nee?eaoo eae?th ooai?th?oueny aaoaeoeea, yea i?noeoue 50 iie.%
ooi?eaeo iao??th ? ieaaeoueny i?e 728iN. A a?ia?i?e nenoai? ooi?eae
iao??th – aaioaooi?nee?eao eae?th aaoaeoeea i?noeoue 40 iie.% NaF,
oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiiy inoaiiuei? noaiiaeoue 720iN. O aca?ii?e nenoai?
K+,Na+||F-,SiF62- ii?yae c aeaiia a?aeiieie aaoaeoeeaie anoaiiaeaia
iayai?noue ua iaei??? iiiaa??aioii? oi/ee, oa?aeoa?enoeeo yei? iiaeaii a
oaaeeoe? 1 (neeaae 1).

Oaaeeoey 1. Oa?aeoa?enoeee iio?ieieo oi/ie

/ioe?ii? aca?iii? nenoaie K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62-.

?

i/i A i ? n o , iie.%

Oie.,

iN

??aiiaaaei? oace

K2SiF6 Na2SiF6 KCl NaCl KF NaF

1. 50,0 – – – 6,0 44,0 712 K2SiF6, K3SiF7, NaF

2. 23,0 – 58,1 – – 18,9 587 K2SiF6, KCl, NaF

3. 12,4 – 55,1 – 12,4 20,1 590 K3SiF7, KCl, NaF

4. – 23 56 – – 21 – Na2SiF6, KCl, NaF

5. – 19,7 – 55,3 – 25,0 635 Na2SiF6, NaCl, NaF

Nenoaio Na2SiF6-NaCl-NaF aaeaeiny aeine?aeeoe eeoa /anoeiai o iaea?eueo
oa?i?/ii no?ee?e /anoei? nieaa?a, aeei?enoiaoth/e iaoiaee iaaeeaeaiiai
?ic?aooieo aaoaeoe/ieo ??aiiaaa. Aaoaeoeeo o a?ia?i?e nenoai? c oei?eaeo
oa aaenaooi?nee?eaoo iao??th aecia/aii ca aeiiiiiaith ?a?no?aoe??
oaieiaeo aoaeo?a ieaaeaiiy c?ace?a, iii?uaieo o aa?iaoe/i? noaeuei?
oeae?. Neeaae aaoaeoeee anoaiiaeaiee oeyoii iiaoaeiae o?eeooieea
Oaiiaia. Oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiiy inoaiiuei? noaiiaeoue 660iN i?e ai?no? 35
iie.% aaenaooi?nee?eaoo iao??th. Oa?aeoa?enoeea iio??eii? aaoaeoe/ii?
oi/ee iaaaaeaia o oaaeeoe? 1 (neeaae 5).

Ieaae?noue nieueiaeo noi?oae noaa?eueieo ?icoei?a K2SiF6-KCl-NaF oa
K3SiF7-KCl-NaF aea/aia nenoaiaoe/ii ca aeiiiiiaith iie?oa?i?/ieo
?ic??c?a, iai?yie yeeo aoee aecia/ai? oaeei /eiii, uia aiie ia?aoeiaee
an? iiiiaa??aioi? e?i?? oa i?ioiaeeee iiaeeco iiaeeeai? iio??eii?
aaoaeoe/ii? oi/ee. A?aeiia?aeii aei io?eiaieo aeaieo iiaoaeiaai?
ae?aa?aie ieaaeino? aeacaieo noaa?eueieo ?icoei?a, i?iaeoe?? yeeo ia
o?eeooieee neeaae?a iieacai? ia ?en. 2.

?enoiie 2 – Ae?aa?aie ieaaeino? noaa?eueieo ?icoei?a

K2SiF6-KCl-NaF oa K3SiF7-KCl-NaF.

Iaeaeaa ?icoeie noaiiaeyoueniaith i?ino? iio?iei? nenoaie aaoaeoe/iiai
oeio. Oa?aeoa?enoeee aaoaeoee iiaeai? o oaae.1 (neeaaee 2,3). Neeaae
iio??eii? oi/ee o noaa?eueiiio ?icoei? Na2SiF6-KCl-NaF (oaae.1, neeaae
4) aecia/aii iaaeeaeaii iaoiaeii Aieiaeea o ca’yceo c iaiiaeeea?noth
aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aea/aiiy aiane?aeie aenieeo cia/aiue i?oaeiino?
ia??a oao?aooi?eaeo e?aii?th iaae ?icieaaeaieie noi?oaie.

Aeey aea/aiiy ieaaeino? nieueiaeo neeaae?a o noaa?eueieo oao?aaae?ao aoa
aeei?enoaiee a?aeiiee oa?iiaeeiai?/iee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo aaoaeoe/ieo
??aiiaaa o aaaaoieiiiiiaioieo nenoaiao. Aeei?enoaiiy ?ic?aooieiaeo
iaoiae?a o aeaiiio aeiaaeeo i?aaii??ia, oae ye ?c aiae?co ae?aa?ai
ieaaeino? i?aenenoai aeo?ea?, ui ooai?aiiy iiaeo o?i?/ieo niieoe o
oao?aaae?ao, yea a ii?oooaaei aacia?a?aio ieaaio ci?io oaiia?aoo?e
e?enoae?caoe??, iaeieiia??ia. Aaee/eie oaieio ieaaeaiiy K2SiF6 oa
K3SiF7 , ui aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?aooieao, ciaeaeai? c aeine?aeieo aeaieo
? a?aeiia?aeii noaiiaeyoue 62,4 oa 75,0 eAeae/iieue. Iaoiaeeea
ia/eneaiue caniiaaia ia aeei?enoaii? ??aiyiiy O?aaea?a – Aai-Eaa?a ?
aeicaiey? ia?iaeyoe ae?aa?aie noaio a?ia?ieo aaoaeoe/ieo nieueiaeo
nenoai c ??cieie a?aeoeeaiiyie a?ae ?aeaaeueiino?. Iioeaea a ?ic?aooieao
aaee/ei oaieio ieaaeaiiy eiiiiiaio?a ioe?ith?oueny aaee/eiith a?ae 2 aei
10% .

Iie?ath/enue ia iayai? aeai? c ieaaeino? nieae o i?aenenoaiao, iiaeia
c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui a nenoai? K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62- iayai? eeoa /ioe?e
/ioe?i? iiiaa??aioi? oi/ee. Neeaaee ? oaiia?aoo?e ieaaeaiiy inoaii?o o
noaa?eueieo oao?aaae?ao KCl-K2SiF6-NaF-K3SiF7, NaF-NaCl-Na2SiF6-K2SiF6
oa KCl-NaF-KF-K3SiF7 aecia/ai? c aeei?enoaiiyi ?ic?aooieiaeo oa
aenia?eiaioaeueieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue (neeaaee A1, A2, A3, oaae.2).

Oaaeeoey 2. Oa?aeoa?enoeee /ioe?ieo iiiaa??aioieo

oi/ie.

Aaoaeoeea A i ? n o , iie.%

Oie.,

iN

??aiiaaaei? oace

K2SiF6 Na2SiF6 KCl NaCl KF NaF

A1 23,9 – 50,3 – 9,0 16,8 578 K3SiF7, KCl, NaF K2SiF6

E2 5,5 – 41,4 – 40,0 13,1 565 K3SiF7, KF, NaF, KCl

E3 14,8 8,0 50,1 – – 27,1 580 Na2SiF6, KCl, NaF, K2SiF6

E4 – 3,1 42,2 38,1 – 16,0 570 Na2SiF6, KCl, NaF, NaCl

Neeaae /ioe?ii? iiiaa??aioii? oi/ee a oao?aaae?? KCl-NaCl-NaF-Na2SiF6
(oaae.2, A4) aecia/aii i???ioiaii a ca’yceo c oa?i?/iith iano?ee?noth
nieueiaeo noi?oae, caaaa/aieo aaenaooi?nee?eaoii iao??th, a oaeiae
iaaeinoaoi?noth aeinoia??ieo aeaieo aeey cae?eniaiiy ?ic?aooie?a.

C iaoith i?aeai?o iecueeiieaaeiai neeaaeo aeaeo?ie?oo aeey iaea?aeaiiy
aeaeo?ie?oe/iiai e?aii?th aoea aea/aia ieaae?noue nieae o nenoai? ?c
oei?eaeo, oao?aooi?ai?aoo oa aaenaooi?nee?eaoo eae?th, yea ?ai?oa ia
aea/aeanue. O ?acoeueoao? nenoaiaoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue anoaiiaeaii, ui
iiaa?oiy e?ea?aeono iio??eii? nenoaie aecia/aia oa?aeoa?ii aca?iiae??
eiiiiiaio?a o iiaea?eieo nenoaiao, ye? ? noi?iiaie o?eeooieea neeaae?a,
? neeaaea?oueny c iieae e?enoae?caoe?? aeo?aeieo ?a/iaei. E?i??
iiiiaa??aioieo ??aiiaaa ia?aoeiathoueny o iio??ei?e aaoaeoe/i?e oi/oe?
(iae. 4), yea ia? oaiia?aoo?o ieaaeaiiy 442 iN ? i?noeoue (iie.%):
KCl-28.1, K2SiF6-9.2, KBF4-69.0. Aaoaeoeea caaaa/aia oao?aooi?ai?aoii
eae?th ye iaea?eueo iecueeiieaaeei eiiiiiaioii.

?enoiie 3 – Aca?iia ?ici?uaiiy ia’?i?a e?enoae?caoe?? oa

iiiaa??aioieo oi/ie a noaa?eueieo oao?aaae?ao

/ioe?ii? aca?iii? nenoaie K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62- .

Iaoiaeii oa?i?/iiai oaciaiai aiae?co aea/aia ?ic/eii?noue aeeieneaeo
e?aii?th o iecueeiieaaeeo noi?oao /ioe?ii? aca?iii? nenoaie
K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62- (neeaaee 2,3 oaae.1 oa A1,A2 oaae.2) ?
aaoaeoe/i?e noi?o? iio??eii? nenoaie KCl-KBF4-K2SiF6. Iieacaii, ui
aaee/eia ?ic/eiiino? o ia?oiio aeiaaeeo i?e 700 – 750 iN iaaaeeea ?
noaiiaeoue 0.5-1.3 %. I?e oeueiio oaeaee?noue ?ic/eiaiiy caeeoa?oueny
iecueeith ? iaa?oue i?e 800-820 iN ia ia?aaeuo? 1% ia aiaeeio. A
iio??ei?e aaoaeoe/i?e noi?o? i?e 500iN ?ic/eiy?oueny aei 4% SiO2 .
I?ioean ?ic/eiaiiy, ye ? a ia?oiio aeiaaeeo i?io?ea? iia?eueii. Aeacaia
e?euee?noue aeeieneaeo ?ic/eiy?oueny iiai?noth i?ioyaii 1,5 – 2 aiae.

?enoiie 4 – Iiaa?oiy e?ea?aeono nenoaie KCl-KBF4-K2SiF6.

Aeaeo?ie?cii aeacaieo aeua ?icieaa?a aaoaeoe/iiai neeaaeo c aeiaaaeaie
SiO2 iaea?aeai? eaoiaei? inaaee e?aii?th. I?e aeei?enoaii? ?icieaa?a
nenoaie K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62- ai?no e?aii?th a eaoiaei?e a?oo? aoa ia
ieae/ei 35%, aeo?ae ca no?oiii noaiiaea 80-85%. Aeey iio??eii? aaoaeoeee
nenoaie KCl-KBF4-K2SiF6 a?aeiia?aei? cia/aiiy neeaaeathoue 45 oa 90%.
Ca?aeii aeaieo o?i?/iiai aiae?co i/euaiiai a?ae nieueiai? oace
eaoiaeiiai i?iaeoeoo, iaea?aeaiiai aeaeo?ie?cii ?icieaao iio??eii?
nenoaie c oao?aooi?ai?aoii eae?th, aeaeo?ie?oe/iee e?aii?e i?noeoue ye
aeii?oeo ai? a e?eueeino? a?ae 2.65 aei 14.60% a caeaaeiino? a?ae
eaoiaeii? aonoeie no?oio, ui ci?ithaaeanue a iaaeao 0.01-0.12 A/ni2.

Aca?iiae?y aaciiiae?aiiai SiCl4 c oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeieie ?icieaaaie. ?c
oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo ?ic?aooie?a aeieeaa?, ui e?ioeaaei i?iaeoeoii
aca?iiae?? oao?aoei?eaeo e?aii?th c ?icieaaaie nenoaie oei?eae eae?th –
ooi?eae eae?th ? ooi?nee?eao-ai?ii. Iiaeaeue oe??? aca?iiae?? iiaeia
iiaeaoe oaeith caaaeueiith noaiith:

SiCl4(aac) _____> SiCl4(?icieaa) + 4F+ Vx > SiF4(?icieaa) +
4Cl- (1)

2F-

SiF62-(?aaeoe. ciia)

SiF4(aac)

SiF62-(ia’?i ?icieaao)

Aca?iiae?y vx a?aeaoaa?oueny a ?aaeoe?ei?e cii? aaciina?aaeiuei ia
iiaa?oi? ?icieaao. Oaeaee?noue ia?aoiaeo e?aii?th a ?icieaa aei??aith?
iioieo oao?aoei?eaeo e?aii?th, yeee i?iii?oe?eiee eiioeaio?aoe?? ?ii?a
SiF62- o cii? ?aaeoe??.

Noaoe?iia?ia caaea/a caiaeeoueny aei ?icaeyaeo aaeain?a c e?aii?th:

JSiCl4 = JSiF62- + JSiF4
(2)

oa ooi?o: JF- = 6JSiF62- + 4JSiF4,
(3)

aea Jn – a?aeiia?aei? iioiee.
Aacia? iioiee i?iii?oe?ei? ??cieoe?
oene?a:

JSiCl4 = bSiCl4 (Po – Ps)
(4)

JSiF4 = bSiF4 PSiF4,
(5),

a iioiee a ??aeei? – ??cieoeyi eiioeaio?aoe?e:

JSiF62- = bSiF62- y
(6)

JF- = bF- (c – x) ,
(7)

aea Po, Ps – oene oao?aoei?eaeo e?aii?th a ia’?i? ?aaeoi?a oa a?ey
iiaa?oi? ?icieaao;

PSiF4 – oene oao?aooi?eaeo e?aii?th a?ey iiaa?oi? ?icieaao (a ia’?i? –
i?eeia?ii ca ioeue);

y – eiioeaio?aoe?y SiF62- a ?aaeoe?ei?e cii? (ai?noii a ia’?i?
?icieaao iaooo?ii);

x – eiioeaio?aoe?y ooi?eae-?ii?a a ?aaeoe?ei?e cii?;

c – oa ae naia a ia’?i? ?icieaao;

bn – eiao?oe??io ianiia?aianaiiy eiiiiiaioa n.

O noaoe?iia?iiio ?aaeei? iio?e oao?aoei?eaeo e?aii?th aei??aith?
oaeaeeino? o?i?/ii? aca?iiae?? vx :

JSiCl4 = kPsx .
(8) Aaaaea?ii, ui anoaiiaeth?oueny ??aiiaaaa

SiF62- = SiF4 + 2F- ,
(9)

Kp = PSiF4 x2 / y .
(10) O e?ioeaaiio aeiaaeeo ??aiyiiy (2) oa (3), c
o?aooaaiiyi (4-10), iiaeia iiaeaoe o aeaeyae? nenoaie ??aiyiue:

bSiCl4 Pokx / bSiCl4+kx = y(bSiF4 Kp / x2 + bSiF62-)
(11)

bF-(c – x) = y(4bSiF4 Kp / x2 + 6bSiF62-)
(12)

aea k – eiinoaioa oaeaeeino? o?i?/ii? aca?iiae?? vx;

Kp – eiinoaioa ??aiiaaae (9).
?ica’ycaiiy oe??? nenoaie ??aiyiue a?aeiinii y
aeanoue caeaaei?noue oaeaeeino? iane/aiiy ?icieaao e?aii??i.

O ?aaeueiiio i?ioean? oaeaee?noue iane/aiiy aoaea e?i?ooaaoeny iaei??th
?c noaae?e noaie (1).

1.Ia?aianaiiy ?ii?a SiF62- ?c ?aaeoe?eii? ciie a ?icieaa. O oeueiio
aeiaaeeo ia iiaa?oi? ?icieaao niinoa??aa?oueny iino?eia eiioeaio?aoe?y
ooi?nee?eao- ?ii?a, yea a?aeiia?aea? iane/aiiio i?e aeai?e
oaiia?aoo?? ?ic/eio ooi?nee?eaoo eae?th ( a ??aiiaac? c
e?enoaeaie ). I?ioean aecia/a?oueny oaeaee?noth ?ic/eiaiiy
ooi?nee?eaoo. Ai?no inoaiiueiai a ?icieaa?, a cia/eoue ? oaeaee?noue
ia?aianaiiy e?aii?th o ?icieaa, aoaea aecia/aoeny iieiaeaiiyi oi/ee ia
o?eeooieeo neeaaeo nenoaie KCl-KF-K2SiF6, yea a?aeiia?aea? ?ic/eiiino?
aaenaooi?nee?eaoo eae?th i?e oaiia?aoo?? aeine?aeo. Iniaeeainoyie
oeueiai ?aaeeio ? i?aeaeuaiiy oaeaeeino? iane/aiiy c ?inoii oaiia?aoo?e
oa ?? neaaea caeaaei?noue a?ae ia?oe?eiiai oeneo aaco.

2.Iinoa/aiiy ooi?eae-?ii?a o ciio ?aaeoe??. I?e oeueiio x> 1/PobSiCl4 , ?

1/y = 1/Pokc(KpbSiF4 / c2 + bSiF62-).
(16)

Oaiia?aoo?ia caeaaei?noue aeey o?aoueiai aeiaaeeo neeaaeia – oaeaee?noue
iane/aiiy ?icieaao e?aii??i iiaea ye ca?eueooaaoenue (ca ?aooiie ?inoo
k), oae ? ciaiooaaoenue ( ?c ca?eueoaiiyi Kp). Eiioeaio?aoe?eio
caeaaei?noue iiaeia iiaeaoe oaeei /eiii:

(17)

Aeey aeiaaeeo 4 1/Pokc Aiiioaoeey Eanueyiaiei A.ss. ?aaeoeee a oei?eaeii-e?aiieeooi?eaeiuo ?anieaaao i?e iieo/aiee yeaeo?ieeoe/aneiai e?aiiey (ia i?aaao ?oeiiene). Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeie/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 02.00.04 - Oece/aneay oeiey, Einoeooo iauae e iai?aaie/aneie oeiee ei.A.E.Aa?iaaeneiai IAI Oe?aeiu. - Eeaa. - 1999. ?anniio?aiu aiciiaeiinoe iieo/aiey auniei/enoiai e?aiiey yeaeo?ieecii nieaauo ?anieaaia. Iieacaii, /oi a eeoa?aoo?a ia nenoaiaoece?iaaiu aeaiiua ioiineoaeueii oeceei-oeie/aneeo naienoa oei?eaeii-ooi?neeeeaoiuo nenoai, /oi cao?oaeiyao auai? iioeiaeueiuo n oi/ee c?aiey oaoiieiaee (oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiey, oa?ie/aneay onoie/eainoue) ninoaaia yeaeo?ieeoia, niiniaia i?eaioiaeaiey iineaaeieo eee eo ei??aeoe?iaea iaiin?aaenoaaiii a yeaeo?ieec??a, iieo/aiea ia eaoiaea iaoaeei-nieaauo inaaeeia, niiniaiuo aac cao?oaeiaiey ?acaeaeyoueny ia ninoaaiua /anoe. Auiieiai eiiieaen oeceei-oeie/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee neiaeiuo oei?eaeii-ooi?neeeeaoiuo nenoai n oeaeueth auai?a oaoiieiae/iiai yeaeo?ieeoa e enoi/ieeia eiiia e?aiiey aeey iieo/aiey iineaaeiaai yeaeo?ieecii oeacaiiuo ?anieaaia. Iieo/aiu iiaua aeaiiua i acaeiiaeaenoaee nieae a /aoaa?iie acaeiiie nenoaia K+,Na+||Cl-,F-,SiF62-. Iino?iaia ?aca??oea i?eciu ninoaaa oeacaiiie /aoaa?iie acaeiiie nenoaiu. Ii?aaeaeaiu oaiia?aoo?u ieaaeaiey o?ieiuo e /aoaa?iuo iiiaa?eaioiuo oi/ae, eo iieiaeaiea a noaaeeueiuo na/aieyo e oao?ayae?ao ninoaaa. I?aaeeiaeaiu iiaua ieceiieaaeea ninoaau yeaeo?ieeoia aeey iieo/aiey e?aiiey; aeaia ioeaiea eo oa?ie/aneie onoie/eainoe e niiniaiinoe ?anoai?youe aeeieneae e?aiiey. Eco/aiu oneiaey yeaeo?iinaaeaeaiey e?aiiey ec iieo/aiiuo ninoaaia yeaeo?ieeoia. N oeaeueth nieaeaiey oaiia?aoo?u ieaaeaiey yeaeo?ieeoa eco/aia aeeaa?aiia ieaaeinoe o?ieiie nieaaie nenoaiu K+|BF4-,Cl-,SiF62-, iiaa?oiinoue eeeaeaeona eioi?ie ii?aaeaeaia oa?aeoa?ii acaeiiaeaenoaey nieae a aeia?iuo iiaenenoaiao e i?aaenoaaeaia iieyie e?enoaeeecaoeee enoiaeiuo eiiiiiaioia. Onoaiiaeaiu ieceiieaaeea nieaaua eiiiiceoeee, niiniaiua eiee/anoaaiii ?anoai?youe aeeieneae e?aiiey. Iieacaia caaeneiinoue niaea?aeaiey ai?a a eaoiaeiii i?iaeoeoa io oneiaee i?iaaaeaiey yeaeo?ieeca. Inouanoae?i oai?aoe/aneee aiaeec aiciiaeiuo iaoaieciia acaeiiaeaenoaey oao?aoei?eaea e?aiiey n oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeiuie ?anieaaaie, ?acoeueoaou eioi?iai niiinoaaeaiu n yenia?eiaioaeueiuie aeaiiuie. Iieo/aiu au?aaeaiey, iicaieythuea ioeaieaaoue aaee/eio iioiea e?aiiey a ?anieaa i?e ecioa?ie/aneii ianuuaiee iineaaeiaai aaciia?aciui oao?aoei?eaeii e?aiiey a noaoe/aneii e aeeiaie/aneii ?aaeeiao. Onoaiiaeaiu oaiia?aoo?iay e eiioeaio?aoeeiiiay (io niaea?aeaiey ooi?eae-eiiia) caaeneiinoe nei?inoe ianuuaiey. Ii?aaeaeaii, /oi aeey aeeiaie/aneeo oneiaee ianuuaiey ?anieaaa oao?aoei?eaeii e?aiiey eeieoe?othuae noaaeeae yaeyaony aeinoaaea iineaaeiaai a ciio ?aaeoeee. I?e yoii eiatho ianoi cia/eoaeueiua iioa?e ooi?a ec ?anieaaa a aeaea SiF4 (i?iaeoeo oa?ie/aneie aeennioeeaoeee aaenaooi?neeeeaoa eaeey), eioi?ue auiineony ec ?anieaaa aaciaui iioieii. A noaoe/aneeo oneiaeyo i?ioeann eeieoe?oaony ioaiaeii ec ?aaeoeeiiiie ciiu ooi?neeeeao-eiiia. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi yeaeo?ieeou, iieo/aiiua ianuuaieai aaciia?aciui oao?aoeaei?eaeii e?aiiey ?anieaaeaiiuo nieaauo nianae KF-KCl, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ?anieaau o?ieiie nenoaiu KF-KCl-K2SiF6. Iieacaia aiciiaeiinoue yeaeo?ieeoe/aneiai iieo/aiey e?aiiey ec yoeo yeaeo?ieeoia n oaoiieiae/iuie auoiaeaie ii oieo e niaea?aeaieai e?aiiey a eaoiaeiii inaaeea. Enneaaeiaaia eeiaoeea aaeooi-oa?ie/aneie naia?aoeee yeaeo?ieeoe/aneiai e?aiiey io nieaaie oacu. Onoaiiaeaii aeeyiea aaeooia e oaiia?aoo?u ia i?ioeann ioaiiee nieae. Iieacaii iieiaeeoaeueiia aeeyiea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie aeae?iia?aaioee eaoiaeiiai i?iaeoeoa ia yooaeoeaiinoue aaeooi-oa?ie/aneie naia?aoeee. Iieo/aiiua ?acoeueoaou i?aaenoaaeytho niaie oeceei-oeie/aneoth iniiao niiniaa iieo/aiey auniei/enoiai e?aiiey yeaeo?ieecii oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeiuo ?anieaaia, ianuuaiiuo oao?aoei?eaeii eee aeeieneaeii e?aiiey. Aeaiiua i aeeaa?aiiao ieaaeinoe iiiaieiiiiiaioiuo nieaauo nenoai ia iniiaa ooi?neeeeaoia eaeey e iao?ey, ?aaiiaaneyo a nenoaia oao?aoei?eae e?aiiey - oei?eaeii-ooi?eaeiue ?anieaa, oa?ie/aneie onoie/eainoe enneaaeoaiuo nieaauo nenoai, i aeeyiee ninoaaa ?anieaaa e niiniaa aai ianuuaiey e?aiieai ia /enoioo eaoiaeiiai i?iaeoeoa, a oaeaea aeaiiua ii aeenoeeeyoeee eaoiaeiuo inaaeeia yaeythony aaciauie i?e ?ac?aaioea oaoiieiaee iieo/aiey auniei/enoiai e?aiiey yeaeo?ieecii ?anieaaia. E e th / a a u a n e i a a: ?anieaau, yeaeo?ieeoe/aneee e?aiiee

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter

Похожие документы
Обсуждение

Ответить

Курсовые, Дипломы, Рефераты на заказ в кратчайшие сроки
Заказать реферат!
UkrReferat.com. Всі права захищені. 2000-2020