.

Ризики іноземного інвестування в економіку України: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук / О.А. Швиданенко, Київ. нац. екон. ун-т. — К., 1999. — 19 с. — у

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IIIINOA?NOAI INAIOE OE?A?IE

EE?ANUeEEE IAOe?IIAEUeIEE AEIIIII*IEE OIIAA?NEOAO

OAEAeAIAIEI IEAA AIAOIEIEIAE*

OAeE. 338.94.(477)

?ECEEE IIICAIIIAI IIAANOOAAIIss A AEIIIIIEO OE?A?IE

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.05.01 – Na?oiaa ainiiaea?noai ? i?aeia?iaei?
aeiiii?/i? a?aeiineie

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999Aeena?oaoei?th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?i iiaeia?iaeiiai iaiaaeaeiaioo Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo Iiiinoa?noaa inaioe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea?iaiee: aeieoi? aeiiiii/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Eoe`yiaiei Aeieo?i A?eai?iae/,

Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee aeiiii?/iee oi?aa?neoao, caaiaeoaa/ eaoaae?e
iiaeia?iaeiiai iaiaaeaeiaioo oaeoeueoaoo iiaeia?iaeii? aeiiii?ee ? i?aaa

Ioioeieii iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Eeeiei A?eai??e Ieeeoi?iae/,

Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?i.Oa?ana Oaa/aiea I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i?ioani? eaoaae?e i?aeia?iaeii? aeiiii?ee;

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Aaa?eethe Ieaa A?eoi?iae/,

?inoeooo na?oiai? aeiiii?ee ? i?aeia?iaeieo a?aeiinei IAI Oe?a?ie,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee a?aeae?eo i?iaeai ciai?oiueiaeiiii?/ii?
ae?yeueiino?

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oe?a?inueea aeaaeai?y ciai?oiuei? oi?a?ae?
I?i?noa?noaa ciai?oi?o aeiiii?/ieo ca’yce?a ? oi?a?ae? Oe?a?ie (eaoaae?a
i?aeia?iaeii? aeiiii?ee)

Caoeno aeena?oaoei? aiaeaoaeaony “18” aa?aciy 1999 ?ieo i 14 aiaeeii ia
caniaeaiii niaoeiaeiciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.26.006.03 a Ee?anueeiio
iaoe?iiaeueiiio aeiiii?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 252057, Ee?a,
i?iniaeo Ia?aiiae, 54/1, aoae. 317.

C aeena?oaoei?th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o aiaeiioaoei Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?icineaii “18” ethoiai 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoeiaeiciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe,

i?ioani? A.A.OoenCAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA AeENA?OAOeIEII?
?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?aeia?iaeia ?iaanoeoe?eia
aca?iiae?y ? iaeiei ?c eeth/iaeo oaeoi??a no/aniiai aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo. ?eieiaa na?aaeiaeua i?yiiai ? ii?ooaeueiiai ?iaanooaaiiy
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny, c iaeiiai aieo, naiaiaeith ainiiaea?nueeeo noa`?eo?a,
a c ?ioiai – aenieith eiieo?aioi?noth oa iaaecia/ai?noth. A i?ioean?
?iaanooaaiiy caaaeaee aeieeathoue ?eceee, aac ioe?iee ? a?aooaaiiy yeeo
aoaeoeaiee iaiaaeaeiaio noa? i?aeoe/ii iaiiaeeeaei.

Oey i?iaeaiaoeea ? iniaeeai aeooaeueiith aeey e?a?i c ia?ao?aeieie
aeiiii?eaie, aea a?aenooi? onoaeai? iaoai?cie oi?ioaaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eiiai
iioaioe?aeo, ae?eia? nenoaie caoenoo, aa?aio?e ? no?aooaaiiy ?iicaiieo
?iaanoeoe?e. Aenieee nooi?iue ?eceeo, i?eoaiaiiee ?iicaiiiio
?iaanooaaiith a aeiiii?eo Oe?a?ie, aaaaoi a /iio iaoiiaea iacia/i? eiai
ye caaaeuei? ianyae (aeecueei 3 ie?ae. aeie. NOA ca 1992-1998 ??.), oae
? ii??aiyii c ?ioeie e?a?iaie c ia?ao?aeieie aeiiii?eaie.

Aaaeeea?noue oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? i?eeeaaeiiai aiae?co oai??e oa
iiaeaeae ?ooo eai?oaeo i?yieo ? ii?ooaeueieo ?iaanoeoe?e, nenoai
oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie, cia/ii c?inee a oiiaao no/anii? na?oiai? o?iainiai?
e?ece

Aaaeeeao ?ieue a oai?aoe/ieo ?ic?iaeao i?iaeaiaoeee aecia/aiiy oa
oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie a aeiiii?/i?e ae?yeueiino? a?ae?a?athoue i?aoe? A.
Aeaenaiaea?a, I. Aaeaiiaa,

I. Aaeeay, ?. Aaeaaaiiaa, Aeae. Aaeia, ?. Aeaiea, ?. A?aeay, I.
A?iiiae/a, N. Aaeaeaeoeaaa, ?. Aa?iiia, A. A?oe?inueeiai, ?. A?io?eaea,
A. Aieueoa, TH. Ai?iia?aa, ?. Eaeaca,

A. Eeaeia?a, A. Eiee?, I. Eieiieea, A. Iaeea?ia. I. I?eiaa, A.
Iinothoeiaa, O. ?aena, E. ?aaeoa?a, A. Naa?oea, ?. Na?aetheiai?, I.
Nioo?, A. Oaeaa?ii?, A. Oi??ia, N. Ouethna,

O. Oa?iai?, O. Oa?i, I. ssno?ainueeiai.

I?iaeaie i?aeia?iaeiiai ?iaanooaaiiy aena?oeththoueny a ?iaioao I.
A?eiona,

A Aoaee?ia, A. Aaeoey, I.Aaa?eethea, A.Aoanueeiai, A. ??aiaiea, ?.
Eoe?iiaa,

A. Eeeiea, A.Eieiniaa, I.Eaa?iaa, E.Eacaaieea, TH.Eenaieiaa,
Ae.Eoe’yiaiea,

?. Iaeai?iaee, TH. Iaeiaiia, I.Iicaiaiai, N. Ii/a?iiai, I. Iiaeoeueeiai,
A.Iai/aiea, TH.Iaoiiiaa, I. Ieioi?eiaa, I. Iiai?aeiaa, A. Ii?o/ieea, A.
?oi’yioeaaa, I.Na?i/oea, A. N?aeaiea, I.Naa?aeaia, A. Noaiaiaiea, A
Noi?oiiaa, A. O?e?iaiea, A. Oaaeiniaa A.Oaei?na oa ?ioeo.

Aeioe?euei?noue iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie iia’ycaia c
aino?ith iio?aaith oi?ioaaiiy ia no/aniiio aoai? ?iaanoeoe?eiiai
iioaioe?aeo Oe?a?ie, yea iaoiiaeth? ia’?eoeaio iaiao?aei?noue caeo/aiiy,
ii?yae c aioo??oi?ie ?iaanoeoe?yie, ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo ia iniia?
i?i?i?caoe?? ?ecee?a ? iie?auaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie oaiaie. Aeine?aeaeaiiy o?nii iia’ycaia c
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieie ?iaioaie, ui i?iaiaeyoueny a Ee?anueeiio
iaoe?iiaeueiiio aeiiii?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ia eaoaae?? iiaeia?iaeiiai
iaiaaeaeiaioo ca oaiith Ae? ? 0198U001576 “I?aeia?iaeia
eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue iaoe?iiaeueieo aeiiii?e a oiiaao
aeiaae?caoe??”.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iaoeiaa
iaa?oiooaaiiy iiaeo

eiioeaiooaeueieo canaae i?aai?caoe?eiiai ? iaoiaeieia?/iiai oa?aeoa?o oa
i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei noai?aiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaii?
nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie i?ioeano ?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy a aeiiii?eo
Oe?a?ie.

A iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy iieeaaeaii iaoeiaa iineeaiiy i?i aeioe?euei?noue
caeo/aiiy a i??i?eoaoi? iai?yie ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee i?e oi?ioaaii?
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai iioaioe?aeo iaaii? /anoee ?iicaiiiai
eai?oaeo ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ae??ai? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy cacia/aii? iaoe iinoaaeai? oa ae??oai? ianooii?
caaaeaiiy:

1) iiaeeaeaia oai??y ei?ioeino?ieiaiai oa aeiaaino?ieiaiai
i?aeia?iaeiiai ia?aeeao eai?oaeo, cie?aia i?yiiai ?iaanooaaiiy;

2) ?ice?eoa nooi?noue ? i?e/eie aeieeiaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a;

3) aeine?aeaeai? no/ani? oai??? eiiieaenii? ioe?iee nooiaiy ?eceeo;

4) aecia/ai? iniaeeaino? iaiaaeaeiaioo ?ecee?a ?iaanoeoe?eii? noa?e;

5) i?iaaaeaia aiae?oe/ia ioe?iea ??aiy ?ecee?a i?ioeano ?iicaiiiai
?iaanooaaiiy a iaoe?iiaeueio aeiiii?eo;

6) ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee aei aecia/aiiy oa noa?e aeei?enoaiiy
ioe?iee e?a?iiiai ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?e;

7) aecia/ai? ia?niaeoeai? iaoiaee oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie;

8) iaa?oioiaai? i??i?eoaoe ?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy a aeiiii?eo Oe?a?ie;

9) ocaaaeueiaiee ca?oa?aeiee aeina?ae oi?ioaaiiy ni?eyoeeaiai
?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo c o?aooaaiiyi aeiionoeiiai (a?aie/iiai) ??aiy
?eceeo.

Eia?/ia iine?aeiai?noue i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaia ia ?en. 1.

I?aaeiao oa ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
aeiiii?/i? a?aeiineie c i?eaiaeo ioe?iee oa oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie, ui
aeieeathoue i?ae ?iicaiieie ?iaanoi?aie oa a?o/eciyieie noa`?eoaie
ainiiaea?thaaiiy o i?ioean? ?iaanooaaiiy.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?iaanoeoe?eia noa?a iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee,
a ye?e ooieoe?iiothoue i?aei?e?inoaa c ?iicaiieie ?iaanoeoe?yie oa
?iaanoeoe?ei? eiiiai??.

Iaoiaeieia?y ? iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aaco?oueny ia
e?eoe/iiio inieneaii? oa neioac? eiioeaioe?e ? iieiaeaiue iaea?eueo
aeciaieo oe?e no/anii? aeiiii?/ii? iaoee, ui noinothoueny i?aaeiaoa
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue
ae?aeaeoe/i? iaoiaee i?ciaiiy ? nenoaiia caaaeueiioai?aoe/ia inieneaiiy
oiia ? iniaeeainoae oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie o i?ioean? ?iicaiiiai
?iaanooaaiiy; aacia? iieiaeaiiy aeiiii?/ii? oai???; i?aoe? a?o/eciyieo ?
ca?oa?aeieo iaoeiaeo oe?e, a?aeiieo a/aieo o aaeoc? oai??? ?ecee?a,
iaiaaeaeiaioo oa ?iaanooaaiiy.

A i?ioean? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaeeny oae?
iaoiaee: aeiiii?ei-noaoenoe/iee; ii??aiyeueii-aeiiii?/iee,
aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/iee, a oaeiae, iaoiaee nioe?ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
(aieaooaaiiy, ?ioa?a’th), aenia?oieo ioe?iie, a?aoiaiae?oe/i? iaoiaee.

?ioi?iaoe?eia aaca aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?ioi?iaoe?eiith aacith i?aeaioiaee
aeena?oaoe?? neoaoaaee iaoa??aee I?i?noa?noaa aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie,
I?i?noa?noaa o?iain?a Oe?a?ie,

Aea?aeaaiiai ieoiiai eii?oaoo Oe?a?ie, I?i?noa?noaa
ciai?oiueiaeiiii?/ieo ca’yce?a ? oi?a?ae? Oe?a?ie, a oaeiae IAO,
Na?oiaiai aaieo oa ?ioeo i?aeia?iaeieo i?aai?caoe?e, iaoa??aee
nioe?ieia?/ieo iieooaaiue ia?niiaeo iecee eiiiai?e.

Oe?iei aeei?enoiaoaaeanue a?o/eciyia ? ca?oa?aeia iiiia?ao?/ia oa
ia??iaee/ia e?oa?aoo?a, ?ioi?iaoe?ei? atheaoai?, noaoenoe/i? ca??ieee.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo canaae oa
iaa?oiooaaii? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei noai?aiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/ieo, aeiiii?/ieo aaaeae?a ?aaoethaaiiy oa
oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie a i?ioeanao aeeaaeaiiy ? iaea?aeaiiy i?eaooeo a?ae
?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo. Eiie?aoieie aeaiaioaie iaoeiai? iiaecie ?

1) cai?iiiiiaaia ia canaaeao nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo eeaneo?eaoe?y iiaiiai
niaeo?o ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a c o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee ?o i?iyao oa
iniaeeainoae aieeao ia e?ioeaa? ?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa;
iaa?oioiaai? iaoiaee e?euee?nii? ioe?iee nooiaiy ?eceeo, noa?e ?o
canoinoaaiiy oa aeai?eoie ?ic?aooieo c aeei?enoaiiyi no/anieo iiaeaeae
ioe?iee eai?oaeueieo aeoea?a ? oai??? a?a?o?aaeiiai oe?iiooai?aiiy;

2) iaa?oioiaaii ci?no, neeaae oa no?oeoo?o eiiieaenii? nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie c aeie?aieaiiyi i?aenenoaie oe?eae,
cania?a ? iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie; i?aenenoaie
aiae?co, ioe?iee ? no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy oa i?aenenoaie eiio?ieth
?ecee?a;

3) ?ic?iaeaia aeaeiaa eeaneo?eaoe?y e?a?iieo ?ecee?a ?iaanooaaiiy ?
cai?iiiiiaaia nenoaia iieaciee?a ioe?iee nooiaiy ?ecee?a c o?aooaaiiyi
ae?? ciai?oi?o nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo, aeiiii?/ieo ?
o?iainiaeo oaeoi??a oa aecia/aiiyi e?a?iieo a?aie/ieo iaae o?iainoaaiiy;

4) noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? canaaee iioei?caoe?? ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey
a no/anieo oiiaao ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyiiai oiiaeiaiai ?eieo c o?aooaaiiyi
nooiaiy ?eceeo oa i?eaooeiaino? oe?iieo iaia??a.

A oiae? aeine?aeaeaiiy io?eiaii ?acoeueoaoe c aeaiaioaie iaoeiai?
iiaecie, a naia:

· iaa?oioiaaii o?e neeaaeia? aoaeoeaiino? i?ioeano aeiaaino?ieiaiai
i?aeia?iaeiiai ?ooo eai?oaeo;

· anoaiiaeaii ca’ycie i?ae ?acoeueoaoaie aeiyeueiinoi eiiiai?e oa
aeei?enoaiiyi iaaii? oai??? i?yiiai ?iaanooaaiiy; aeyaeai? oaiaeaioe?? o
aeei?enoaii? a?eueo?noth eiiiai?e ae?iaie/i-i?aai?caoe?eii? oai??? ?
oai??? oeeeeo i?iaeoeoo;

· aeine?aeaeai? oai?aoe/i? iniiae oa na?oiaee aeina?ae ii?ooaeueiiai
?iaanooaaiiy, a oaeiae aeyaeai? iiaeeeaino? ?o canoinoaaiiy o
a?o/eciyi?e i?aeoeoe?;

· nenoaiaoeciaai? iaoiaee oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie,
i?iaaaeaia ?o oei?caoe?y oa iaa?oioiaai? noa?e aeei?enoaiiy c
o?aooaaiiyi ?o niaoeeo?ee oa c aeae?eaiiyi iaoiae?a ooeeaiiy a?ae
?eceeo, eieae?caoe??, aeenneeaoe?? ? ?aaoethaaiiy ?ecee?a;

· aeaia ye?nia ioe?iea ca?oa?aeiiai aeina?aeo oi?ioaaiiy i?eaaaeeaiai
?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo oa iaa?oioiaai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei eiai
aeei?enoaiiy o a?o/eciyi?e i?aeoeoe?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o oiio, ui
iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeeeaaeai? aaoi?ii o aeena?oaoe??, aeiaaaeai?
aei ??aiy iaoiaee/ieo ?ic?iaie oa i?eeeaaeieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Aiie iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?: ii-ia?oa, a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy
ciai?oiueiaeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie i?e iaa?oiooaaii? i??i?eoao?a
?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy, ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ?iicaiii? ?iaanoeoe?eii?
ae?yeueiino?; ii-ae?oaa, i?e ?ic?iaoe? i?ia?ai ?icaeoeo ii?ooaeueiiai
?iaanooaaiiy, ai?iaaaeaeaii? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie oa oi?ioaaii?
ni?eyoeeaiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo.

E??i oiai, i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iathoue ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co,
cie?aia, uiaei aecia/aiiy ??aiy ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua
Oe?a?ie, no/anieo oaiaeaioe?e oa iniaeeainoae aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiiiai
eai?oaeo.

I?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue iathoue oae? iaoeiai-i?eeeaaei? ?ic?iaee:
iaa?oiooaaiiy iaoiae?a e?euee?nii? ioe?iee nooiaiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo
?ecee?a, nenoaia iieaciee?a e?a?iiiai ?eceeo, ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
iioei?caoe?? ii?ooaey oe?iieo iaia??a, nenoaia i?ia?aneaieo iaoiae?a
oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie.

Ai?iaaoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa??aee
i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiia?aeaeenue ia i?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?iaanoeoe?eia ae?yeuei?noue a Oe?a?i?:
i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oa ?aaoethaaiiy”, 1997 ?., i. *a?i?aoe? oa ia Ia?o?e
Anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie aeiiii?/iiai
?eceeo: aiae?c oa oi?aae?iiy”, 1998 ?., i. Ee?a oa aeeeaaeai? a iaoeiaeo
noaooyo.

Iaoeia? ?ic?iaee aaoi?a aeei?enoai? o i?aeoe/i?e ae?yeueiino? CAO
“Oeaio?aeueiee ?iaanoeoe?eiee oiiae” (aeia?aeea ? 404/1 a?ae 04.12.98
?.), OE “Aaoiaeueyin – ?iaano” (aeia?aeea ? 644/1 a?ae 17.11.98 ?.),
aaieo “E?aaeeoaiooaeueo Oe?a?ia” (aeia?aeea ? 536 – VII.99 a?ae 06.01.99
?.) oa o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? a Ee?anueeiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio
aeiiii?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? (aeia?aeea ? 01/20-5 a?ae 05.01. 99 ?.).

Iaoeiai ioae?eaoe??. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaaii 7
iaoeiaeo ?ia?o caaaeueiei ianyaii 3,7 ae?oe.a?e., ? oace aeiiia?aeae
aeaio iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?e.

No?oeoo?a, ciino oa ianya aeena?oaoeieii? ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
neeaaea?oueny c anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae. ?iaioa iinoeoue 179 noi?iiie ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, 28
oaaeeoeue, 9 ?enoie?a, 16 aeiaeaoe?a. Nienie eioa?aoo?e iinoeoue

176 iaeiaioaaiue.

INIIAII IAOEIA? IIEIAEAIIss I AENIIAEE AeENA?OAOeI?

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie, oe?eue, caaaeaiiy,
i?aaeiao ? ia`?eo aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, iaoeiaa iiaecia oa i?aeoe/ia
cia/aiiy i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

?icae?e 1. Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae aecia/aiiy oa oi?aae?iiy
?eceeaie a ?iaanoeoe?ei?e noa??

Caeo/aiiy e aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, cie?aia i?yieo, ?
iniaeeai iaiao?aeiei aeey e?a?i c ia?ao?aeiith aeiiii?eith.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaei, ui ?oi?e no?aoaa?/iee aeiiii?/iee ?icaeoie
cia/iith i??ith caaacia/o?oueny i?aeia?iaeiei aeiaaino?ieiaei ?ooii
eai?oaeo. O ca’yceo c oeei iaa?oioiaai? iiaeeea? iane?aeee aeei?enoaiiy
?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, a naia: c?inoaiiy ??aiy e?ea?aeiino? eiiiai?e;
aoaeo, yeee aeieea? o ae?iaie/?e noa?? ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy
iaoa??aeueieo aeoea?a, oa ao?aoe o ?ac?, eiee ?aaeueiee aoaeo,
iaea?aeaiee a?ae aeei?enoaiiy ?iaanoeoe?e, ieae/ee i?ae aeo?aoe ii
ianeoaiaoaaiith ai?aiaeo ciaia’ycaiue.

Cai?iiiiiaaia ?icoe?aia o?aeooaaiiy i?yieo ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, ye
oaeiai aeaeo ?ooo eai?oaeo, iaoith yeiai ? eiio?ieue oa o/anoue o
iaiaaeaeiaio? ? i?eaooeo ca?oa?aeieo eiiiai?e oeyoii: ia?oa, eoi?ae?
oe?iieo iaia??a aaea ae?th/eo ?iicaiieo eiiiai?e aeey o/ano? a
oi?aae?ii?, i?eaeaaiiy aai ceeooy c ?ioeie eiiiai?yie; ae?oaa,
i?aai?caoe?? iiaeo i?aei?e?inoa ca ei?aeiiii aai o/anoue o noai?aii?
ni?eueieo i?aei?e?inoa; o?ao?, eoi?aey ?aaeueieo aeoea?a aeey ?icaeoeo
ae?eiai? aeoeaiino? eiiiai?e.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy iaea?eueo aaaiieo oai??e i?yiiai ?iaanooaaiiy oa
i?ioeano ?o aaiethoe?? aeicaieeei anoaiiaeoe o?niee ca’ycie i?ae
aeei?enoaiiyi iaaii? oai??? ? ?acoeueoaoaie ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?
eiiiai?e; aeyaeoe i??i?eoaoe o canoinoaaii? ie?aieo oai??e.

Iiaanoeoe?? ooieoe?iiothoue o na?aaeiaeu?, yea iaoiiaeth? oi?ioaaiiy
caaaeueii? no?aoaa?? ?o ?icaeoeo naia a oiiaao iaaecia/aiino?. Aea
iaaecia/ai?noue iiaea aooe ia?aoai?aia a ?ecee, a inoaii?e i?aeaea?oueny
aeeaieiio aiae?co. Aei iniiaieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?eceeo iaeaaeaoue: 1)
i?enooi?noue ?eceeo ia an?o aoaiao ?iaioe ?iaanoeoe?e, iacaeaaeii a?ae
noa?e ?iaanooaaiiy; 2) caeaaei?noue nooiaiy ?eceeo a?ae aeaeo
ae?yeueiino? noa’?eoa ainiiaea?thaaiiy; 3) iaiiaeeea?noue iiaiiai
oieeiaiiy ?eceeo /a?ac i?e/eie ia’?eoeaiiai ? noa’?eoeaiiai oa?aeoa?o,
oi/a iiaeeeaa eiai i?io?eaeoeea oa iaeo?ae?caoe?y; 4) iayai?noue ?eceeo,
yea noi?iaiaeaeo? ae?yeuei?noue i?aei?e?inoaa a ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?, ia
? iaaeie?eii, a a iaai?e i???, iaoiiaeth? aeeiai?/i?noue ? aoaeoeai?noue
ooieoe?iioaaiiy noa’?eoa ainiiaea?thaaiiy. A ?iaio? iaaaaeaia eiiieaenia
eeaneo?eaoe?y ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a ca oaeeie iciaeaie: iiaeeea?noue
i?iaiicoaaiiy, nooi?iue oa noa?e aieeao, oe?eueiaa i???ioaoe?y, oi?ia
?iaanooaaiiy, a?aeiia?aei?noue aeiionoeiei a?aieoeyi i?eeiyooy ?eceeo,
aeaea?aea oa noa?e aeieeiaiiy, oa?i?ie i?iyao oa i??a aieeao.

A?aoiaioiaaii, ui ia no/aniiio aoai? a ca?oa?aei?e i?aeoeoe? aeii?io?
iiaeaeue ioe?iee eai?oaeueieo aeoea?a NA?I ? oai??y a?a?o?aaeiiai
oe?iiooai?aiiy. I?iaaaeaii ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ia?aaaa, iaaeie?e?a,
aeioe?eueiino? oa iiaeeeaeo iane?aee?a aeei?enoaiiy oeeo i?ia?aneaieo
iiaeaeae ioe?iee ?eceeo o a?o/eciyi?e i?aeoeoe?, a oaeiae iaaaaeaia
i?ioeaaeo?a aecia/aiiy nooiaiy ?eceeo c o?aooaaiiyi aieeao nenoaie
ae?th/eo ia iueiai oaeoi??a oa ?ioi?iaoe?eii? caaacia/aiino?.

Aaeineiiaeaia /ioe?ueiooaeoi?ia iiaeaeue a?a?o?aaeiiai oe?iiooai?aiiy
(A?O) N.?inna a?aeiinii iaa?oiooaaiiy nenoaie oaeoi??a, ye? ia
a?aeia?aaeathoue niaoeeo?ee e?a?i c ia?ao?aeiith aeiiii?eith. Iiaeaeue
A?O aecia/a?, ui caeaaei?noue i?ae i?eaooeii ? oaeoi?aie, ui aieeaathoue
ia eiai aaee/eio, e?i?eia. Oaeei /eiii, i/?eoaaia noaaea i?eaooeiaino?
oe?iieo iaia??a iiaea aooe ae?aaeaia ianooiiith oi?ioeith:
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aea ARx- i/?eoaaia noaaea i?eaooeiaino? aeoe?? O;ERi- i/?eoaaia
i?eaooeia?noue i?ae aieeaii iae?iaeiiii?/iiai ?-oaeoi?a ( ? = 1,
2….n);i- /ooeea?noue aei ?-oaeoi?a ( ? = 1, 2…n);Ra- aac?eceeiaa
noaaea.

Iniiaieie oaeoi?aie, ye?, ia iaoo aeoieo, aeioe?eueii a?aooaaoe aeey
e?a?ie c ia?ao?aeiith aeiiii?eith, ne?ae aaaaeaoe ianooii?: ??aaiue
?ioeyoe??, aeeiai?eo AAI oa ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa ie?aii? aaeoc?,
eieeaaiiy i?ioeaioieo noaaie, aeeiai?eo ianya?a i?yieo ?iaanoeoe?e.

Aea/aiiy no/anieo oai??e oi?aae?iiy iieacaei a?aenooi?noue o a?o/eciyi?e
i?aeoeoe? eiiieaenieo i?aeoiae?a aei oi?ioaaiiy oai?aoe/ii? iiaeae?
oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? c iaoith ?o
iiia?aaeaeaiiy aai oieeiaiiy.

Eiioeaiooaeueiee i?aeo?ae aei nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie
?eceeaie aaco?oueny ia ianooiiiio: 1) i?iaiicoaaii? iiaeeeaeo
?acoeueoao?a ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? a ?eceeia?e neooaoe??; 2)
eiiieaeniiio aiae?c? oaeoi??a, ye? iaoiiaeththoue ?eceee; 3) ?ic?iaoe?
caoiae?a, ye? ia aeiioneathoue, caiia?aathoue ? ciaioothoue ?ici??
caeoe?a a?ae iaa?aoiaaieo a iiai?e i??? ?eceeiaeo oaeoi??a; 4) a
?aae?caoe?? nenoaie aaeaioaoe?? iai?yi?a ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? aei
?ecee?a, yea iaeo?ae?co? aai eiiiaino? iaaaoeai? ?acoeueoaoe.

Cai?iiiiiaaii eiiieaenio nenoaio oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie,
yea ia? oae? i?aenenoaie: ia?oa – oe?eae, cania?a ? iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy
?eceeaie (oi?aaeyth/a); ae?oaa – aiae?co, ioe?iee ? no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy
?eceeaie; o?aoy – eiio?ieth (?en.2).

Iaaaaeaia nenoaia iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie
aaco?oueny ia aeae?eaii? /ioe?ueio oei?a, a naia: ooeeaiiy a?ae ?eceeo,
eieae?caoe?y ?eceeo, aeenneeaoe?y ?eceeo oa ?aaoethaaiiy ?eceeo.
Iaa?oioiaai? aeioe?euei?noue, ?acoeueoaoeai?noue oa noa?e aeei?enoaiiy
eiaeiiai ?c iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii c o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee
?iaanooaaiiy a i?iaeoe oa ?o noeoiiino? i?e oi?ioaaii? ?iaanoeoe?eiiai
ii?ooaey aai ?iaanooaaii? a ??ci? aeaee oe?iieo iaia??a.

?icae?e 2. Aiae?oe/ia ioe?iea ??aiy ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua
Oe?a?ie

Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaei, ui aenieee ??aaiue ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eiiai
na?aaeiaeua Oe?a?ie, iai?eaaaeeaee ?iaanoeoe?eiee ee?iao ? ii??aiyii
aeniea ?eceeiaai?noue aeeaaeaiue iaoiiaeai?, ca iaoith ioe?ieith,
iaae?iiyi o 1992-1998 ??. aeo?aeieo iae?iaeiiii?/ieo ia?aiao??a ?icaeoeo
aeiiii?ee, cieaeaiiyi eo?no iaoe?iiaeueii? aaethoe, ca?eueoaiiyi
ciai?oiueiai ai?ao oa ?ioeyoe??, c?inoaiiyi e?eueeino? caeoeiaeo
i?aei?e?inoa oa cieaeaiiyie ??aiy ?aioaaaeueiino? ae?th/iai
ae?iaieoeoaa, iaae?iiyi ?aaeueieo a?ioiaeo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy,
ciaioaiiyi ianya?a ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ano?n?a, iaaeineiiaeei
ainiiaea?nueeei iaoai?ciii ? iayai?noth cia/ii? /anoee o?iueiai?
aeiiii?ee.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c nooiaith aieeao ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a ia
?acoeueoaoeai?noue ae?yeueiino? eiiiai?e c ??cieie aeaeaie ? no?ieaie
ae?yeueiino? oa ??ciiiai?oieoie oi?iaie aeaniino? (41 eiiiai?y), yei
ooieoeiiiothoue ia ?eieo Oe?a?ie, aeicaieea iaa?oiooaaoe oae? aeniiaee:

· ii-ia?oa, iaea?eueoee nooi?iue aieeao ia ?acoeueoaoeai?noue
ae?yeueiino? eiiiai?e iathoue ?eceee ?iaanooaaiiy o ae?iaie/o ?
iaae?iaie/o noa?e aeiiii?ee; ?ecee aaie?oonoaa; iaae?iiy eoi?aaeueii?
ni?iiiaeiino? a?ioae o ca’yceo c ?ioeyoe??th; ?ecee aaethoieo ao?ao,
iia’ycaieo c? ci?iith eo?n?a ?iicaiieo aaetho; ao?a/aii? aeaiaee; ?ecee
ao?ao, iia’ycaieo c? ci?iith eo?no iaoe?iiaeueii? aaethoe aei eo?no
?iicaiieo aaetho;

· ii-ae?oaa, ii??aiyii iaeiaio a?ae/ooieie aeyaeeenue ianooii? ?eceee:
a??aeia?; ca’ycai? c ia?a?aooaaiiyi aaeaino oa ?ioeo oi?i ca?oiino? a
?iicaiio aaethoo; ao?ao a?ae ci?ie eo?no aeoe?e; naeaeoeai?
(iai?aaeeueiee aea?? aeae?a aeeaaeaiue eai?oaeo, oe?iieo iaia??a i?e
oi?ioaaii? ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey ? o.?i.); ao?ao /a?ac ci?io ?eieiai?
i?ioeaioii? noaaee a ii??aiyii? c? noaaeith e?aaeeoieo oaiae;

· ii-o?ao?, ?eceee, ca’ycai? i?yii /e iiina?aaeeiaaii c ooieoe?iioaaiiyi
?eieo oe?iieo iaia??a, i?aeoe/ii iaei aieeaathoue ia e?ioeaa?
?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino? eiiiai?e, ui, ia iao iiaeyae, ? iniaeea?noth
ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo ? iane?aeeii noaiiaeaiiy ?eieo oe?iieo iaia??a,
iniaeeai aoi?eiiiai.

?acoeueoaoe iiaeeaeaiiai aiae?co ae?yeueiino? eiiiai?e c ii??aiyii
o?eaaeei oa?i?iii ooieoe?iioaaiiy a Oe?a?i? iieacaee, ui iaea?eueo
a?ae/ooiee aieea ia ?oith ?acoeueoaoeai?noue iathoue aiaeia?/i? ?eceee,
ye? aoee oa?aeoa?ieie i?aeoe/ii aeey an?o ?ioeo eiiiai?e. Iaeaeuei ?
??aaiue aieeao ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a ia ?acoeueoaoeai?noue
ainiiaea?thaaiiy eiiiai?e, ui i?aoeththoue a Oe?a?i? a?eueoa o?ueio
?ie?a o ae?iaie/?e noa?? (a iniiaiiio, ni?euei? i?aei?e?inoaa).

A iao?e e?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? iaei aeei?enoiaothoue iioe?iii?,
o’th/a?ni? iia?aoe??, naiie, oi?oaooaaiiy, oe?eani?yiiaai? iaoiaee
iioei?caoe?? ii?ooaey oe?iieo iaia??a, a nenoaia oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaeie
(ianaiia?aae, ?iaanoeoe?eieie) ?eceeaie ciaoiaeeoueny o noaae??
noaiiaeaiiy ? iaeaea ia aeeth/a? i?ia?aneaieo iaoai?ci?a ?o i?io?eaeoeee
oa cieaeaiiy. Eiiiai?? (a ia?oo /a?ao, ni?euei? i?aei?e?inoaa), ye?
ae?thoue ia ?eieo Oe?a?ie iiiaae o?e ?iee, iathoue a?eueo i?ia?aneai?
nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii. ?ecee – iaiaaeaeiaio oaeeo eiiiai?e ia?
naith nenoaio aa?enoe/ieo i?aaee oa i?eeii?a i?eeiyooy ??oaiue a oiiaao
?eieo ? aaco?oueny ia aeeaa?neo?eaoe?? ii?ooaey ?iaanoeoe?e,
oaaeaeoaaii?, e?i?ooaaii? aeo?ao, naiino?aooaaii?, aeei?enoaii?
oi?aa?ae?a, o’th/a?n?a, iioe?ii?a, naii?a ? oi?oaooaaiiy.

Aiae?oe/ia ioe?iea ?eceeo ?iaanooaaiiy o a?o/eciyi? oe?ii? iaia?e
cana?ae/eea niaeoeyoeaiee oa?aeoa? oiiaeiaiai ?eieo ? oa, ui o/anoue
?iicaiieo ?iaanoi??a a eoi?ae?

aeoe?e ia aeaea a?ae/ooieo iiceoeaieo ci?i a aeiiii?oe?. C?inoaiiy /e
iaae?iiy aeoeaiino?

oiiaeiaiai ?eieo oe?eeii caeaaeaei a?ae iiceoe?? uiaei ie?aieo
i?aei?e?inoa, ia?aceaeaio?a ? no?aoaa?/ieo ?iaanoi??a.

Aeyaeaii, ui /eiieee i?enei?aiiai aeoiaeo ia?aceaeaio?a c oe?a?inueeiai
?eieo aeeeeeai? c iaeiiai aieo, e?ecith ia na?oiaiio oiiaeiaiio ?eieo, a
c ae?oaiai – aeaaaeueaaoe??th eo?no a?eai?, iaaeie?eaie aea?aeaaii?
o?iainiai-e?aaeeoii? oa iiaeaoeiai? nenoai.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c aoaeoeaiino? oa ??aiy ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey
“Oeaio?aeueiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai oiiaeo” aeicaieea c?iaeoe ianooii?
aeniiaee: 1) aieiae?iiy aeoe?yie i?aei?e?inoa, ui iathoue cia/iee
??aaiue caai?aiaaiino? oa ? ?aaeueieie /e iioaioe?eieie aaie?ooaie,
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aenieei nooiaiai ?eceeo ? ia aea? iiaeeeaino?
io?eioaaoe i?eaooee a?ae ei?ii?aoeaieo i?aa;

2) aaaeeee o?iainiaee noai i?aei?e?inoa ia aeicaiey? io?eioaaoe
i?eaooie a?ae eiia?oe?eii? ae?yeueiino? c ?oi?ie aeoe?yie;

3) i?e oi?ioaaiii ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey ia aoea a iiaiie ii?i
a?aoiaaia

iioi/ia neooaoe?y ia ?eieo, ui iaoiiaeei iayaiinoue iaiaa?oioiaaii?
e?eueeinoi (27) aeniei?eceeiaeo ai?oaio?a;

4) iaiao?aeia ?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?y ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey /a?ac
aecia/aiiy oa i?iaeaae ia?aioaaaeueieo iaeao?a aeoe?e;

5) ne?ae ai?iaaaeeoe nenoaio iii?oi?eiao a?o/eciyiiai oiiaeiaiai ?eieo,
ui aeiiiiiaea i?aaeeueii aecia/aoe ?iaanoeoe?eii i?eaaaeea? ia`?eoe;

6) aeioe?eueiei ? oi?ioaaiiy aenieie?ea?aeiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey
ia iniia? aeaaaeaii? no?aoaa?? oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaii? nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy.

I?eaaaeai? aeniiaee oa?aeoa?ii aeey a?eueoino? ?iaanoeoe?eieo oiiae?a ?
eiiiai?e iaoe?iiaeueiiai oiiaeiaiai ?eieo.

Aiae?c no/anieo oaiaeaioe?e oa iniaeeainoae aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiiiai
eai?oaeo iieacaa ianooiia:

· na?aae aaaaoueio e?ec, ye? ia?aaeeaa? no/ania a?o/eciyia aeiiii?ea,
iaeaeeaoith ? ?iaanoeoe?eia e?eca. Ca 1990-1997 ??. /anoea ?iaanoeoe?e o
AAI ciaioeeanue iaiieiaeio i?e iino?eiiio iaae?ii? ianya?a ?iaanoeoe?e
naia o ae?iaie/o noa?o. Oaeei /eiii, oaeaeea ca?eueoaiiy ianya?a i?yieo
?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e no?eioaaei a inoaii? ?iee oaiie iaae?iiy AAI ? ?
aaaeeeaei oaeoi?ii eiai noaa?e?caoe?? oa c?inoaiiy ia ii/aoeo ianooiiiai
noie?ooy (oaae. 1);

Oaaeeoey 1.

Aeeiai?ea iae?iiieaciee?a ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie, o a?aenioeao aei
1995 ?.

Iieacieee1995 ?.1996 ?.1997 ?.I?yi? ?iicaii? ?iaanoeoe??, ui??/i?

Eai?oaeuei? aeeaaeaiiy

Aaeiaee aioo??oi?e i?iaeoeo

Eai?oaeuei? aeeaaeaiiy, a % aei AAI

I?yi? ?iicaii? ?iaanoeoe??, a % aei AAI100

100

100

17.9

1.6130.9

77.9

95.4

15.6

2.3148.9

49.2

84.9

10.4

2.8

· noaa?e?caoe?y aeiiii?ee iiaeeeaa ca oiiae caeo/aiiy on?o aeaea?ae
oi?ioaaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eiiai iioaioe?aeo, aeeth/ath/e ?iicaiiee eai?oae,
yeee iiaea a?ae?a?aoe ?ieue ?iioeueno aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy;

· ca noaiii ia ii/aoie 1999 ?. a oe?a?inueeo aeiiii?eo caeo/aii aeecueei
3 ie?ae. aeie. NOA i?yieo ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, oiae? ye ca ioe?ieaie
aenia?o?a iiieo neeaaea? 40-50 ie?ae. aeie. NOA. Oea iaoiiaeaii oei, ui
ca aioo??oi?ie oaeoi?aie ?icaeoeo, Oe?a?ia ia? iaaeinoaoiuei i?eaaaeeaee
?iaanoeoe?eiee ee?iao, aenieee ??aaiue ?eceeo ? ii??aiyii iaaenieee
i?aeia?iaeiee ?aeoeia;

· iniiaieie oaeoi?aie, ye? iaaaoeaii aieeaathoue ia iaoe?iiaeueiee
?iaanoeoe?eiee ee?iao oa iaoiiaeththoue aenieee ??aaiue ?eceeo, ?:
iaiine?aeiaiee oa?aeoa? e?aa?ae?caoe?? oa ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?ee;
i?aaiaa, aeiiii?/ia ? iie?oe/ia ianoaa?euei?noue; iaaeineiiaea
o?iainiai-e?aaeeoia nenoaia; aei?noea ? iaia?aaeaa/oaaia iiaeaoeiaa
nenoaia; iecueeee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo ?eieiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e; iecueea
aoaeoeai?noue i?eaaoecaoe?eiiai i?ioeano; iao?ainia?aioi?noue oa
iai?ici??noue oiiaeiaiai ?eieo; a?aenooi?noue c?icoi?ei? iie?oeee
caeo/aiiy ? ?ici?uaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo eioo?a; aeniea /anoea o?iueiai?
aeiiii?ee;

· oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo ?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy a Oe?a?i?
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny: iacia/iith /anoeith i?yieo ?iaanoeoe?e;
niaeoeyoeaiei oa?aeoa?ii ?iaanooaaiiy a aeoe?iia?iee eai?oae; iinooiiaei
ca?eueoaiiyi /anoee ?iaanoeoe?e c e?a?i aeeaeiueiai ca?oa?aeaey;
ia??aiii??i?noth ?iciiae?eo ?iaanoeoe?e i?ae aaeocyie ? ?aa?iiaie;

· aiaeii/an Oe?a?ia ia? ?yae oaeoi??a, i?eaaaeeaeo aeey ?iicaiieo
?iaanoi??a, a naia: i?noeee ?eiie, aenieee ??aaiue ina?oe ianaeaiiy,
a?aeiinii i?ia?aneaio eaae?o?eaoe?eio no?oeoo?o ?iai/i? neee, aea?aeia
aaiiie?oe/ia noaiiaeua, iecueeee ??aaiue aeo?ao ia ca?ia?oio ieaoo,
?icaaeoaeaio (oi/ ? ia no/anio) ?io?ano?oeoo?o, ui ni?ey? caeo/aiith
iaaii? /anoee ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e o a?o/eciyio aeiiii?eo.

?icae?e 3. Eiioeaioe?y oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie ye iniiaa oi?ioaaiiy
aeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee eiiiai?e

Oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie a oiiaao aeiiii?/ii? e?ece, yea ni?e/eiaia ci?iith
iie?oe/ii? nenoaie, o?ainoi?iaoe??th ainiiaea?nueeeo a?aeiinei oa
?aeaieia?/ieo i???ioe??a, iaoiiaeei aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiue
iaoiaee/ieo i?aeoiae?a uiaei aecia/aiiy ??aiy e?a?iiiai ?eceeo c iaoith
a?eueo aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy iioie?a ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e a iaoo
aeiiii?eo oa noai?aiiy a?aeiia?aeiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ?i?aeaeo Oe?a?ie.

Aeoiaey/e ?c no/anieo oai?aoe/ieo oyaeaiue, iiaeeaeaii aeaeiao
eeaneo?eaoe?th e?a?iieo ?ecee?a ca oa?aeoa?ii iia?aoe?e oa iiae?e,
aeaeaie aeoea?a, ia’?eoaie e?aaeeooaaiiy, no?ieaie iiaeeeai?
iaoa??ae?caoe?? ?eceeo oa eaoaai??yie ? oa?aeoa?ii ae?e iice/aeueiee?a.
Aeiaaaeaii iaiao?aei?noue ? aeioe?euei?noue ioe?iee oa aiae?co ??aiy
e?a?iiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ?eceeo ia iniia? i?eioeei?a: naeaeoeaiiai
i?aeoiaeo c o?aooaaiiyi nenoaie ?aeoeiaiaeo iieaciee?a; iii?oi?eiao,
iia’ycaiiai c i?iaiicoaaiiyi ci?ie eii’thieoo?e ?ooo e?a?iieo ?ecee?a;
?aiaeoaaiiy oe?ie eai?oaeo a caeaaeiino? a?ae oe?i ia i?aeia?iaeieo
e?aaeeoieo ?eieao; caeaaeiino? oiia oa ianya?a ?iaanooaaiiy a?ae
oa?aeoa?o o?oaeiiu?a, ye? ia?aaeeaa? e?a?ia, ui i?eeia? ?iicaiiee
eai?oae. Cai?iiiiiaaii nenoaio iieaciee?a, ye? aeicaieythoue ioe?ieoe
nooi?iue ?eceeo c o?aooaaiiyi ae?? nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo,
aeiiii?/ieo ? o?iainiaeo oaeoi??a, oa ?ic?aooiee a?aie/ieo iieacieeia
iiaanooaaiiy.

?acoeueoaoe aiae?co ca?oa?aeii? i?aeoeee na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui nooi?iue
aaeaioiaaiino? iie?oeei-aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie iaaii? e?a?ie aei i?eeiyooy
?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo iaea?eueoith i??ith caeaaeeoue a?ae ianooiieo
oaeoi??a: noaio ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ?eieo oa ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo;
i??i?eoaoiino? aaeocae aeey aeeaaeaiiy eai?oaeo; th?eaee/ii?
caaacia/aiino? aa?aio?e ?iaanoeoe?e; iayaiino? ia?aaeoiia aeey
aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo; nooiaiy ni?eyiiy
iiaeaoeiai? iie?oeee i?ioeano caeo/aiiy ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e.

Iaaaaeai? a ?iaio? iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee aei aecia/aiiy e?a?iieo
a?aie/ieo iieaciee?a ?iaanooaaiiy aacothoueny ia ianyaao ? aeeiai?oe?
iae?iaeiiii?/ieo ?iaeeeaoi??a oa iniiaieo ia?aiao??a
o?iainiai-aeiiii?/iiai noaio ?iaanoi?a oa nenoaie aenia?oieo
eiao?oe??io?a. Iaa?oioiaaii noa?e aeei?enoaiiy ioe?iee e?a?iiiai ?eceeo
?iaanoeoe?e.

Ii??aiyeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea e?a?iieo iniaeeainoae oi?ioaaiiy
ni?eyoeeaiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo iieacaea ianooiia:

– eiaeia e?a?ia ia? nai? iniaeeaino? o noai?aii? i?eaaaeeaiai
?iaanoeoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua, ye? iaoiiaeai? ?? i?noeai a nenoai?
na?oiaiai ainiiaea?noaa;

– oe?eaaee aeina?ae o i?aeaeuaii? aeoeaiino? ?iicaiieo ?iaanoi??a ia
iaaiiio aoai? ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee iathoue NOA, Aaeeea A?eoai?y,
I?ia//eia, O?aioe?y, A?aaioeia, A?acee?y, Ia?o, Iaeneea, yeee /anoeiai
iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee o a?o/eciyi?e i?aeoeoe?;

A ?iaio? iaa?oioiaaii noeoii?noue iniiaieo oaeoi??a, ye? ni?eyee
oe?ieiianooaaiiio caeo/aiith ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo o a?eueoino? e?a?i oa
cieaeaiith ?iaiy ?eceeo, a naia:

· no?eea oaiaeaioe?y e?aa?ae?caoe?? oiia ae?yeueiino? ?iicaiieo
?iaanoi??a;

· cieaeaiiy ??aiy iaiaaeaiue uiaei aeiioneo ?iicaiieo aeeaaeiee?a o
iaai? aaeoc? i?iieneiaino? ? noa?o e?aaeeoii-o?iainiai? ae?yeueiino?;

· ?icoe?aiiy ia?aae? no?aoiaeo iineoa, a oiio /ene? a?ae iie?oe/ieo
?ecee?a, ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy nenoaie aea?aeaaieo aa?aio?e ii
a?aeoeiaeoaaiith ? a?euei?e ?aiao??aoe?? aeeaaeaieo eioo?a o aeiaaeeo
iaoe?iiae?caoe?? ?iicaiii? aeaniino?;

· a?eueiee o?ainoa?o i?eaooeo ? aeea?aeaiae?a;

· aeinooi aei aioo??oi?o ?eie?a oe?iieo iaia??a;

· ai?iaaaeaeaiiy nenoaie i?euea ii?yae c iayai?noth aeineoue noaa?eueii?
? i?iaiiciaaii? iiaeaoeiai? nenoaie;

· aeniea i?eaooeia?noue ei?ioei- ? na?aaeiueino?ieiaeo ?iaanoeoe?e;

· aeoeaia o/anoue ?iicaiieo ?iaanoi??a o i?eaaoecaoe??.

Iiaeaeueoa aeoea?caoe?y caeo/aiiy oa aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiiiai
eai?oaeo o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe? iaoiiaeth? ia’?eoeaio iaiao?aei?noue
cai?iaaaeaeaiiy ia?niaeoeaieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie
?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?. Ia iao iiaeyae, aeioe?eueiei ? aeae?eaiiy
aeaio iniiaieo a?oi oaaeaeoaaiiy, a naia: no?oeoo?iiai oaaeaeoaaiiy ?
eacia/aenueeeo ?eieiaeo ?ino?oiaio?a. A ?iaio? iaa?oioiaaia noa?a
canoinoaaiiy aaethoieo iaa?ae?aoo?a oa eiiiainaoe?eieo e?aaeeo?a ia
iniia? ia?aeaeueieo iicee ? e?aaeeoieo naii?a. Aecia/ai? iai?yie oa
iiaeeea? iane?aeee aeei?enoaiiy nenoaie eacia/aenueeeo ?ino?oiaio?a, a
yeo aoiaeyoue: o’th/a?ne, oi?aa?aee, iioe?iie ? naiie.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy eiioeaiooaeueieo iaoiaee/ieo i?aeoiae?a aei iiaoaeiae
aoaeoeaiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ii?ooaey aeicaieeee iaa?oiooaaoe oaco i?i
oa, ui aeei?enoaiiy eeane/ieo iiaeaeae ii?ooaeueiiai ?iaanooaaiiy, c
o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee no/aniiai noaio a?o/eciyiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai
na?aaeiaeua, ? aeineoue neeaaeiith i?iaeaiith /a?ac ia?icaeiai?noue
oiiaeiaiai ?eieo oa a?aenooi?noue iaiao?aeii? ?ioi?iaoe?? ca o?eaaeee
ia??iae. A oeueiio ca’yceo aoea c?iaeaia ni?iaa ii?aeiaoe e aaeaiooaaoe
oai??th oa na?oiaee ca?oa?aeiee aeina?ae iioei?caoe?? ii?ooaey aei
niaoeeo?ee ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyiiai oiiaeiaiai ?eieo. Cai?iiiiiaaia
no?oeoo?a ii?ooaey aeey “Oeaio?aeueiiai iiaanoeoeieiiai oiiaeo” iiaea
caaacia/eoe i/?eoaaio i?eaooeia?noue ia iaioa 14% ca ??aiy ?eceeo –
13,7%.

Iaa?oiooaaiiy i??i?eoao?a oa i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ?iicaiiiai
?iaanooaaiiy a aeiiii?eo Oe?a?ie i?iaaaeaii c o?aooaaiiyi noia?a/iinoae
i?ioeano ?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy, iia’ycaieo c iiaeeaeaiiyi ai?aiai?
e?ece oa iineeaiiyi caeaaeiino? e?a?ie a?ae ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo;
i?aeaeuaiiyi eiieo?aioe?? ia ?eieo, o?ainoa?oii ca ei?aeii /anoeie
i?eaooeo, ne?iaeiiei oa?aeoa?ii ?iii?oieo iia?aoe?e; i?aeoe/iith
a?aenooi?noth aieeao ia i?ioean a?aeiiaeaiiy iaoa??aeueii-oaoiieia?/ii?
aace, caaaeueiei e?eciaei noaiii a?o/eciyii? aeiiii?ee ? aenieei ??aaiai
?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eii? noa?e.

O oeueiio ca’yceo:

· aecia/aia cia/ou?noue ? iiceoeai? iane?aeee aeey aeiiii?e ia?ao?aeiiai
oeio caeo/aiiy oa aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy ianooaaieo ?iicaiieo
?iaanoeoe?e ca ?aooiie aeoea?caoe?? ?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?ioean?a ? noai?aiiy
no?aoaa?/ieo aeueyin?a i?ae oe?a?inueeeie oa ?iicaiieie eiiiai?yie,
aeinooio ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?ia?aneaieo no/anieo oaoiieia?e, iaeaaeiaiiy,
“iio-oao”, i?aai?caoe?eiiai oa oi?aae?inueeiai aeina?aeo,
?ioaineo?eaoe?? ?icaeoeo aenii?oiiai iioaioe?aeo oa cieaeaiiy ??aiy
?iii?oicaeaaeiino?, iii’yeoaiiy aino?ioe noia?a/iino? i?ae caaeiaieaiiyi
iioi/ieo ? ia?niaeoeaieo iio?aa;

· iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue ae??oaiiy i?iaeai, iia’ycaieo ia no?eueee
c ianyaii ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, ne?eueee c aeioe?euei?noth iioei?caoe??
?o no?oeoo?e oa i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy ia aac? ?ic?iaee
oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie ?aaoethaaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo
iioie?a a Oe?a?io;

· aeiaaaeaia aeioe?euei?noue naeaeoeaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei noeioethaaiiy
?iicaiii? ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? c o?aooaaiiyi, c iaeiiai aieo,
aeae?a, oei?a ? oi?i ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e, a c ?ioiai – ?aiaiaeo
cia/aiue aaeocae, ?aa?ii?a, ae?iaieoeoa, aeae?a i?iaeoeoe??, aecia/aieo
ca i??i?eoaoi?noth ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee;

· iaa?oioiaaia nenoaia iieaciee?a, ?aiaeiaai? aaeoc? oa eeaneo?eiaai?
?aa?iie ca ??aiai ?iaanoeoe?eii? i?eaaaeeaino? c aecia/aiiyi oaeoi??a,
ye? aieeaathoue ia ?iaanoeoe?eio iiaaae?ieo; noi?iiaaii eiioeaiooaeueiee
i?aeo?ae, yeee ni?yiiaaiee ia aeinyaiaiiy iaoe?iiaeueieo no?aoaa?/ieo
oaoiieia?/ieo i?i?ea?a c o?aooaaiiyi aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiiiai
eai?oaeo, ui aaco?oueny ia iaiao?aeiino? aeia?aaeaeoaaeueiiai
oaoiieia?/iiai ?icaeoeo, ?ic?iaoe? oa ai?iaaaeaeaii? i?ia?ai oi?ioaaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueieo ?iiiaaoe?eii-?iaanoeoe?eieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo e?aea??a,
aaeeeeo i?aei?e?inoa, aenieioaoiieia?/ieo ae?iaieoeoa, oae caaieo “oi/ie
?inoo”, ?iaanooaaiiy yeeo ia? i??i?eoaoia cia/aiiy aeey noai?aiiy
iaoe?iiaeueii? iiaeae? i?iieneiai-aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy;

· iaa?oioiaaia ia’?eoeaia iaiao?aei?noue oa ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia
caeo/aiiy, i?eeiyooy ? ?ici?uaiiy ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e ia aac? ioe?iee
i?noeino? a?o/eciyiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ?eieo, oi?i caeo/aiiy ?iicaiiiai
eai?oaeo oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?aenenoaie oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai caaacia/aiiy
i?eeiyooy ? ?ici?uaiiy ciai?oiueiai eai?oaeo; caaacia/aiiy ni?eyoeeaiai
?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo oa iaa?oiooaaiiy no?aoaa?/ieo iai?yi?a
aeei?enoaiiy ?iaanoeoe?e; canoinoaaiiy ae??aiai iaoai?cio aea?aeaaieo
aa?aio?e caoenoo ?iicaiieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ? caaacia/aiiy
noaa?eueieo oiia ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa c /anoeiaei oa 100% ?iicaiiei
eai?oaeii ia aac? cieaeaiiy ?ecee?a a on?o iai?yiao (caeiiiaeaanoai,
iiaeaoeiaee ?aaeei, nioe?aeueia noaa?euei?noue, ieaoa ca e?aaeeoe).

AENIIAEE OA I?IIICEOeI?

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeineiaeaeaiiy aeathoue ciiao c?iaeoe
aeniiaee eiioeaiooaeueii-oai?aoe/iiai, iaoiaeieiai/iiai e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai ni?yioaaiiy, iniiaieie c ieo ? oaei:

1. Aaaeeeaith ia?aaeoiiaith iioaa?aoei? Oe?a?ie o naioiao aeiiiiieo ? ??
o/anoue o iiaeia?iaeiiio ?eieo eaiioaeia oa oi?ioaaiiy iiaanoeoeieiiai
iioaioeiaeo ca o/anoth iiicaiieo iiaanoeoeie a oiiaao iiiiiicaoei? ?o
?eceeia. Oea iaoiiaeei aecia/aiiy neeaaeiaeo aoaeoeaiinoi i?ioeano
aeiaaino?ieiaiai ?ooo eaiioaeo, a ia?oo /a?ao i?yieo iiaanoeoeie, yei
caaacia/othoue no?aoaai/iee aeiiiii/iee ?icaeoie. I?yii iiicaiii
iiaanoeoei? ne?ae oeoia/eoe ye iiaeia?iaeiee ?oo eaiioaeia c iaoith
eiio?ieth oa o/anoi ?iaanoi??a o iaiaaeaeiaio? ? ?iciiaeiei i?eaooeo
oeyoii aieiaeiiiy aai niiaaieiaeiiiy ?aaeueieie aeoeaaie, oe?iieie
iaia?aie oa iioeie ?ano?naie.

2. Ca ?icia?oinoi oai?ie i?yiiai iiaanooaaiiy anoaiiaeaii ?o
aaciina?aaei?e ca`ycie c ?acoeueoaoaie iiaanoeoeieii? aeiyeueiinoi
eiiiaiie oa aecia/aia aeioeieueiinoue aeei?enoaiiy aeey a?o/eciyieo
noa`?eo?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy oai?i? oeeeeo i?iaeoeoo.

3. Iaaaeueia iio?aaa o cieaeaiii ?eceeo aeeaaeaiiy iiicaiiiai eaiioaeo o
aio/eciyio aeiiiiieo coiiaeea iaiaoiaeiinoue eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaeo aei
ioeiiee oa eeaneoieaoei? iiaanoeoeieieo ?eceeia ca ianooiieie iciaeaie:
iiaeeeainoth i?iaiicoaaiiy; nooiaiai oa noa?aie aieeao; oe?eueiai?
i???ioaoe??; oi?iaie ?iaanooaaiiy; noa?aie aeieeiaiiy; aiaeiiaiaeiinoth
aeiionoeiei iaaeai i?eeiyooy ?eceeo; aeaea?aeaie aeieeiaiiy; oa?i?iaie
i?iyao oa i??ith aieeao.

4. Aaaeeeaith neeaaeiaith i?ioeano i?iaiicoaaiiy iiaeeeaeo ?acoeueoaoia
oa iiaeaeuaiiy

aoaeoeaiinoi iiaanoeoeieii? aeiyeueiinoi a eiieo?aioiiio na?aaeiaeui ?
eiiieaenia nenoaia oi?aaeiiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie, yea aeeth/a?
i?aenenoaie: oe?eae, cania?a ? iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie; aiae?co,
ioe?iee ? no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie; eiio?ieth, c o?aooaaiiyi
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoiae?a ooeeaiiy a?ae ?eceeo, eiai eieae?caoe??,
aeenneeaoe?? oa ?aaoethaaiiy.

5. Aiae?oe/ia ioe?iea ??aiy ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eiiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
na?aaeiaeua iieacaea iai?eaaaeea?noue ?iaanoeoe?eiiai eeiiaoo oa aenieo
?eceeiaai?noue aeeaaeaiiy eai?oaeo /a?ac ??cea iaae?iiy iae?iaeiiii?/ieo
ia?aiao??a ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii? aeiiii?ee, cieaeaiiy eo?no
iaoe?iiaeueii? aaethoe, ca?eueoaiiy ciai?oiueiai ai?ao oa ?ioeyoe??,
c?inoaiiy e?eueeino? caeoeiaeo i?aei?e?inoa ? iaae?iiy ?aaeueieo
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy oa nooo?aa cieaeaiiy ianya?a ?iaanoeoe?eieo
?ano?n?a.

6. Aecia/aiiy iaea?eueoiai nooiaiy aieeao ie?aieo ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a
ia ?acoeueoaoeai?noue ae?yeueiino? eiiiai?e, ye? i?aoeththoue ia ?eieo
Oe?a?ie, oa aiae?oe/ia ioe?iea ?eceeo ?iaanooaaiiy a oe?ii? iaia?e aeaee
ciiao iaa?oiooaaoe ia?niaeoeai? iaoiaee oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie
?eceeaie, yei iia`ycai? c? no?oeoo?iei oaaeaeoaaiiyi oa eacia/aenueeeie
?eieiaeie ?ino?oiaioaie.

7. I?ioean ?ici?uaiiy ?iaanoeoe?e iiaeiai aeeth/aoe ?ic?aooiee ??aiy
e?a?iieo ?ecee?a ?iaanooaaiiy ye ?ioaa?aeueiiai ?acoeueoaoo ae?? niaeo?o
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo, o?iainiaeo oa aeiiii?/ieo oaeoi??a.
Oeae i?ioean aeioe?eueii aacoaaoe ia i?eioeeiao naeaeoeaiiai i?aeoiaeo,
iii?oi?eiao, ?aiaeoaaiiy oe?ie eai?oaeo a caeaaeiino? a?ae oe?i
i?aeia?iaeieo e?aaeeoieo ?eie?a oa ?ic?aooie?a e?a?iieo a?aie/ieo iaae
o?iainoaaiiy.

8. Ocaaaeueiaiiy ca?oa?aeiiai oa a?o/eciyiiai aeina?aeo o i?aeoeoe?
?iaanooaaiiy aeicaieeei aeie?aieoe oaeoi?e oa ia?aaeoiiae oi?ioaaiiy
a?eueo ni?eyoeeaiai a?o/eciyiiai ?iaanoeoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua c
aeiionoeieie a?aie/ieie iaaeaie ?eceeo oa iaa?oiooaaoe i??i?eoaoi?
iai?yie ?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi i?eaaaeeaino? aaeocae ?
?aa?ii?a, naeaeoeaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei noeioethaaiiy ?iicaiii?
?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy nenoaie caeo/aiiy, i?eeiyooy
? ?ici?uaiiy ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e.

IOAEIEAOeI? CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOeI?

O oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo:

1. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. Oi?ioaaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua a Oe?a?i?//
?uii/iua o?ainoi?iaoeee a noa?a iao/ii-oaoie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.- Na.
iao/i.o?. IAI Oe?aeiu. Einoeooo yeiiiieee. – E. -1997.- n.130-136. – 0,3
ae?oe.a?e.

2. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. Oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie// Aeiiii?ea oa
i?aei?e?iieoeoai: Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo a/aieo oa
ani??aio?a.- Aei.2.- E.: EIAO.- 1998.- n.130-136. – 0,3 ae?oe.a?e.

3. Aeuiia A.I.‚ Aii/a?iaa I.I.‚ Ieoii I.E.‚ Eiaaiia A.A.‚ Ii?eoeuia
I.E.‚ Eocueieia I.A.‚ Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. ?uii/iua o?ainoi?iaoeee a
ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieea// Eeaa.- 1998.- IAI Oe?aeiu.- n.227‚ 13‚2
ae?oe.a?e. (iniaenoi aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue aeaaa V – “Aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea
nayce e i?iiuoeaiiay iieeoeea a ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieea”‚ 37 n.) – n.
81-90. – 2 ae?oe.a?e.

Iniaenoee aianie: aieea ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a ia ?icaeoie
ciai?oiueiaeiiii?/ieo ca`yce?a; ?ioaineai?noue i?ioeano i?yiiai
?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy oa iai?yiee caeo/aiiy ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo aeey
no?oeoo?ii? ia?aaoaeiae iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.

4. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. Aieea o?iainiaeo ?ecee?a ia ?acoeueoaoe
no?oeoo?ioai?aiiy// No?oeoo?i? o?ainoi?iaoe?? i?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno.
Ca. iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. – ?inoeooo aeiiii?ee IAI Oe?a?ie.- 1998 ?. – n.
81-90. – 0,5 ae?oe.a?e.

5. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. Oi?oaooaaiiy ye oi?ia oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie
ciai?oiuei-aeiiii?/ii? ae?yeueiino?// I?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai?
aeiiii?ee. – I?aea?aeii/ee iaoeiaee ca??iee.- aei.6.- EIAO, 1998 ?. – n.
187-192. – 0,3 ae?oe.a?e.

A ?ioeo aeaeaiiyo:

6. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. Oai??y i?yiiai ?iaanooaaiiy// Iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei a Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai?.- Ee?a. iaoe. aeiiii.
oi?aa?neoao.- Ee?a.- 1997.- n.145-148.- Oe?.- Aeai. A Oe??IOA? – 0,2
ae?oe.a?e.

7. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A.?ecee-iaiaaeaeiaio ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?//
Iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??
“?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?y aeiiii?ee oa ?iaanoeoe?? a Oe?a?i?”.- i.*a?i?aoe?.-
1998.- n. 155-157. – 0,15 ae?oe.a?e.

8. Oaeaeaiaiei I.A. E?a?iiee ?ecee: nooi?noue oa iieacieee ioe?iee//
I?iaeaie aeiiii?/iiai ?eceeo: aiae?c oa oi?aae?iiy. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue ca iaoa??aeaie Ia?oi? Anaoe?a?inueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii?
eiioa?aioe??.- Ee?a.- 1998. – n. 83-85. – 0,15 ae?oe.a?e.

9. ss.I.A?eion, I.A.Oaeaeaiaiei. ?ioaa?aoe?y i?iieneiaiai oa o?iainiaiai
eai?oaeo: ?icaeoie ? aoaeoeai?noue// Iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei a Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai?.- Ee?a. iaoe. aeii. oi?aa?neoao.-
Ee?a.- 1997.- n.15-19.- Oe?.- Aeai. A Oe??IOA?.- 0,2 ae?oe.a?e.
(iniaenoi aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue 0,1 ae?oe.a?e.).

Iniaenoee aianie: ?ice?eoi oai?aoe/i? ? i?aeoe/i? aniaeoe ?ioaa?aoe??
i?iieneiaiai oa o?iainiaiai eai?oaeo.

Oaeaeaiaiei I. A. ?eceee iiicaiiiai iiaanooaaiiy a aeiiiiieo Oe?a?ie. –
?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai noaiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.05.01 – “Na?oiaa ainiiaea?noai ? i?aeia?iaei?
aeiiii?/i? a?aeiineie”. – Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee aeiiii?/iee
oi?aa?neoao. Iiiinoa?noai inaioe Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?noeoue oai?aoe/i? ocaaaeueiaiiy oa iia? iaoiaeieia?/i?
i?aeoiaee uiaei ioe?ithaaiiy oa oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie, ye? aeieeathoue a
i?ioean? ?iicaiiiai ?iaanooaaiiy. Cai?iiiiiaaia eeaneo?eaoe?y anueiai
niaeo?o ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ecee?a, iaa?oioiaai? iaoiaee e?euee?nii? ioe?iee
nooiaiy ?eceeo, noa?e ?o canoinoaaiiy oa aeai?eoie ?ic?aooieo.
Iaa?oioiaaii eiioeaiooaeuei? i?aeoiaee oa iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei oi?ioaaiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiiieaenii? nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy ?iaanoeoe?eieie ?eceeaie c aecia/aiiyi ?? oe?eae, cania?a,
iaoiae?a iaiaaeaeiaioo, ioe?iee, no?aoaa?? oa eiio?ieth ?ecee?a.

I?iaaaeaia aiae?oe/ia ioe?iea ??aiy ?eceeo ?iaanoeoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua
Oe?a?ie oa eiai aieea ia ?acoeueoaoe ae?yeueiino? 41 eiiiai??. Aecia/ai?
oaiaeaioe?? oa iai?yie aeei?enoaiiy ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo a Oe?a?i?.
?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee uiaei aecia/aiiy ??aiy e?a?iiiai ?eceeo
oa iaa?oioiaai? i??i?eoaoi? iai?yie caeo/aiiy ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e a
?icaeoie iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.

Eeth/iai neiaa: ?iaanoeoe?ei? ?eceee, ?iicaiia ?iaanooaaiiy, nenoaia
oi?aae?iiy ?eceeaie, i?yi? ?iicaii? ?iaanoeoe??, ?iaanoeoe?eiee ee?iao,
i??i?eoaoe.

Oaeaeaiaiei I. A. ?enee ca?oaaaeiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey a yeiiiieeo Oe?aeiu.
– ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.05.01 – “Ie?iaia oicyenoai e iaaeaeoia?iaeiua
yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey”. – Eeaaneee iaoeeiiaeueiue yeiiiie/aneee
oieaa?neoao. Ieienoa?noai ia?aciaaiey Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey niaea?aeeo oai?aoe/aneea iaiauaiey e iiaua
iaoiaeieiae/aneea iiaeoiaeu e ioeaiea e oi?aaeaieth ?eneaie, eioi?ua
aicieeatho a i?ioeanna eiino?aiiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey. Ii?aaeaeaia
acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo eniieueciaaieai ii?aaeae?iiie oai?ee i?yiiai
eiaanoe?iaaiey e ?acoeueoaoaie aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee, onoaiiaeaiu
i?ei?eoaoiua oaiaeaioeee n?aaee eiiiaiee, a iniiaiii, e eniieueciaaieth
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie oai?ee e oai?ee oeeeea i?iaeoeoa. I?aaeeiaeaia
eeanneoeeaoeey anaai niaeo?a eiaanoeoeeiiiuo ?eneia, iainiiaaiu iaoiaeu
eiee/anoaaiiie ioeaiee noaiaie ?enea, noa?u eo i?eiaiaiey e aeai?eoiu
?an/aoa. Iainiiaaiu eiioeaiooaeueiua iiaeoiaeu e iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii oi?ie?iaaieth e aiaae?aieth eiiieaeniie nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey eiaanoeoeeiiiuie ?eneaie n ii?aaeaeaieai aa oeaee, n?aaenoa e
iaoiaeia iaiaaeaeiaioa, ioeaiee, no?aoaaee e eiio?iey.

I?aaeeiaeaia nenoaia iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey eiaanoeoeeiiiuie ?eneaie
aace?othuayny ia auaeaeaiee iniiaiuo /aou?ao oeiia‚ a eiaiii: oeeiiaiea
io ?enea‚ eieaeecaoeey ?enea‚ aeenneeaoeey ?enea e ?aaoee?iaaiey ?enea.

Iainiiaaiu oeaeaniia?aciinoue, ?acoeueoaoeaiinoue e noa?u eniieueciaaiey
ii?aaeae?iiuo iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey ?eneaie n o/aoii niaoeeoeee
eiaanoe?iaaiey a i?iaeou, eo niaieoiiinoue, i?e oi?ie?iaaiee
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai ii?ooaey eee eiaanoe?iaaiee a ?acee/iua aeaeu oeaiiuo
aoiaa.

Ii?aaeaeaia aiaeeoe/aneay ioeaiea o?iaiy ?enea eiaanoeoeeiiiie n?aaeu
Oe?aeiu ia iniiaa aiaeeca iae?iyeiiiie/aneeo ia?aiao?ia ?acaeoey
yeiiiieee ca 1992-1998 aa. I?iaaaeai aiaeec o?iaiy aeeyiey
eiaanoeoeeiiiuo ?eneia ia ?acoeueoaou aeayoaeueiinoe 41 eiiiaiee n
?acee/iuie aeaeaie aeayoaeueiinoe e oi?iaie nianoaaiiinoe‚ eioi?ua
?aaioatho ia ?uiea Oe?aeiu.

Enneaaeiaaiu oaiaeaioeee e ii?aaeaeai o?iaaiue ?enea eiaanoe?iaaiey a
ioa/anoaaiiua oeaiiua aoiaae‚ iainiiaaiu i?e/eiu e?eceniiai ninoiyiey
oiiaeiaiai ?uiea ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia‚ ?anniio?aiu yooaeoeaiinoue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eiaanoeoeeiiiuo oiiaeia.

I?iaiaeece?iaaiu iai?aaeaiey e iniaaiiinoe eniieueciaaiey eiino?aiiiai
eaieoaea a Oe?aeia‚ ii?aaeaeaiu oaeoi?u‚ eioi?ua iaaaoeaii aeeytho ia
eiaanoeoeeiiiue eeeiao‚ a oaeaea auaeaeaiu i?eaeaeaoaeueiua noi?iiu aeey
eiino?aiiuo eiaanoi?ia.

N oeaeueth aieaa yooaeoeaiiai oi?ie?iaaiey iioieia eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoeoeee a yeiiiieeo Oe?aeiu e nicaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiiai
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai eieaeaea enneaaeiaaiu iaoiaee/aneea iiaeoiaeu e
ii?aaeaeaieth no?aiiaiai ?enea. A yoie nayce i?eaaaeaia aeaeiaay
eeanneoeeaoeey no?aiiauo ?eneia ii oa?aeoa?o iia?aoeee e niauoee‚ aeaeai
aeoeaia, iauaeoai e?aaeeoiaaiey‚ eaoaai?eyi caaiueeia e n?ieai
aiciiaeiie iaoa?eaeecaoeee ?enea. Aeiaaaeaia iaiaoiaeeiinoue e
oeaeaniia?aciinoue ioeaiee e aiaeeca o?iaiy no?aiiaiai ?enea ia iniiaa
i?eioeeiia naeaeoeaiiai iiaeoiaea n o/aoii nenoaiu ?aeoeiaiauo
iieacaoaeae; iiieoi?eiaa, naycaiiiai n i?iaiice?iaaieai eciaiaiey
eiiuthieoo?u ?eneia; ?aiaee?iaaiey oeaiu eaieoaea a caaeneiinoe io oeai
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo e?aaeeoiuo ?eneia; caaeneiinoe oneiaee e iauaiia
e?aaeeoiaaiey io niaoeeoeee ?acaeoey yeiiiieee no?aiu‚ i?eieiathuae
eaieoae. I?aaeeiaeaia nenoaia iieacaoaeae, ioeaieaathueo o?iaaiue
no?aiiaiai ?enea n o/aoii aeaenoaey nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneeo‚ i?aaiauo‚
yeiiiie/aneeo e oeiainiauo oaeoi?ia e ?an/aoii a?aie/iuo iieacaoaeae
eiaanoe?iaaiey.

Ii?aaeaeaiu oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia aaeaioeaiinoue iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneie
nenoaiu ioaeaeueiie no?aiu e i?eiyoeth eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea‚ a oaeaea
iaoiaee/aneea iiaeoiaeu ?an/aoa no?aiiauo a?aie/iuo iieacaoaeae
eiaanoe?iaaiey.

Auaeaeaia a?oiia iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia niaeaenoaothueo i?eaea/aieth
eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea a yeiiiieee NOA‚ Aiaeee‚ Aa?iaiee‚ O?aioeee‚
A?aaioeiu‚ A?aceeee‚ Ia?o‚ Iaeneee e iainiiaaiu iaiaoiaeeiua
i?aaeiinueee eniieueciaaiey ?aoeeiiaeueiuo aniaeoia ca?oaaaeiiai iiuoa a
ioa/anoaaiiie yeiiiieee.

Iainiiaaiu noa?u eniieueciaaiey ia?niaeoeaiuo iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey
?eneaie eiaanoeoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe (no?oeoo?iiai oaaeaee?iaaiey e
eacia/aeneeo ?uii/iuo eino?oiaioia).

Ii?aaeaeaiu i?ei?eoaou e iai?aaeaiey eioaineoeeaoeee eiino?aiiiai
eiaanoe?iaaiey a yeiiiieeo Oe?aeiu n o/aoii naeaeoeaiiai iiaeoiaea e
noeioee?iaaieth ca?oaaaeiie eiaanoeoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e
niaethaeaiey ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiuo iaoeeiiaeueiuo eioa?ania.

I?eaaaeaia nenoaia iieacaoaeae, ?aiaee?iaaiu io?anee e eeanneoeoee?iaaiu
?aaeiiu Oe?aeiu ca o?iaiai eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe n
ii?aaeaeaieai oaeoi?ia aeeythueo ia eo eiaanoeoeeiiiia iiaaaeaiea.

?ac?aaioaia nenoaia i?eaea/aiey‚ i?eiyoey e ?aciauaiey eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoeoeee ia iniiaa ioeaiee aieinoe ioa/anoaaiiiai eiaanoeoeeiiiiai
?uiea‚ no?aoaae/aneeo iai?aaeaiee eniieueciaaiey eiaanoeoeee‚
?aoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e i?ia?anneaiuo
iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey ?eneaie.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eiaanoeoeeiiiua ?enee, eiino?aiiia eiaanoe?iaaiea,
nenoaia oi?aaeaiey ?eneaie, i?yiua eiino?aiiua eiaanoeoeee,
eiaanoeoeeiiiue eeeiao, i?ei?eoaou.

Shvidanenko O.A. Risks of foreign capital investing into economy of
Ukraine. – Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidat`s degree by speciality 08.05.01 – “World Economy
and International Economic Relations”. Kiyv National University of
Economics, Education Ministry of Ukraine, Kiyv, 1999.

The dissertation contains the theoretical notions and new
methodological ways of risk estimation and risk management, which arise
in a process of foreign investment.

The classification of the whole range of investment risks is proposed.
Well-grounded methods of quantitative estimation of the risk level were
shown together with the sphere of its usage and the calculation
algorithms. The conceptual ways and scientifically-practical
recommendations of forming and providing of the complex investment risks
management is justified together with the determining of its aims,
means, estimations, strategies, and control of risks.

The analytical risk level estimation of the investment environment of
Ukraine was made, which showed its influence on the 41 companies`
performance. The tendencies and directions of the foreign capital usage
in Ukraine were outlined. On the basis of methodological assumptions the
estimation of country risk was developed. The directions of foreign
capital attraction for the Ukrainian economy development were outlined.

Key words: investment risks, foreign investment, the system of risk
management, direct foreign investment, investment’s climate and
priorities.

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