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EE?ANUeEEE IAOe?IIAEUeIEE OI?AA?NEOAO EOEUeOO?E ? IENOAOeOA
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
INOAIAIEI Ea?ena A?eoi??aia
OAeE 783+37.032
?ICAEOIE OAI?*EO ssEINOAE O NOOAeAIO?A-OI?IAENOA??A CANIAAIE
OE?A?INUeEI? AeOOIAII? OI?IAI? IOCEEE
13.00.02.- oai??y oa iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy ioceee ? ioce/iiai aeoiaaiiy
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee
Iiieaanueeee Ieoaeei Ieoaeeiae/,
aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Ee?a-1999
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. No?aoaa?/iei caaaeaiiyi ?aoi?ioaaiiy
ina?oe, ca?aeii c Aea?aeaaiith iaoe?iiaeueiith i?ia?aiith “Ina?oa”
(Oe?a?ia OO? noie?ooy) ? aeoiaaiiy oai?/i? iniaenoino?, ni?iiiaeii?
cae?enithaaoe i?iaeoeoeaio i?ioan?eio ae?yeuei?noue ia aenieiio
caaaeueiieoeueoo?iiio oa oaoiaiio ??aiyo.
Oai?/ee eiiiiiaio ? iaiao?aeiith neeaaeiaith i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?
oi?iaenoa?a. ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y oai??a, oi?iaa a?aiaeoaaiiy, iiooe
ianoaiaea?oieo niinia?a ?aiaoeoe?eii? ?iaioe, eiioea?oia ae?yeuei?noue c
o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee neooaoeueei? aoaeeoi??? – oea aniaeoe i?ioan?eii?
ae?yeueiino?, ye? aeiaaathoue noi?iiaaiino? naia oai?/eo yeinoae
oao?aoey, aeine?aeaeaiiy yeeo o iaeaooiueiai oi?iaenoa?a ? aaaeeeaith
i?iaeaiith, ine?eueee ona?aeiieth?oueny iio?aaa o nenoaiaoecaoe??
iaoeiaeo ciaiue c i?iaeai oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?, o ?ice?eoo? no?oeoo?e
eiai oai?/eo aeanoeainoae ? yeinoae, ui caaacia/othoue aoaeoeai?noue
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/iai i?ioeano iaeaooiueiai ieooey. Ioaea, aea/aiiy
i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a coiiaeaia
c?inoaiiyi no/anieo aeiia aei oaoiai? i?aeaioiaee i?aoe?aiee?a
nioe?ieoeueoo?ii? noa?e
Aiaeii/an ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui ci?ie, ye? iii?oii a?aeaoaathoueny a
no/aniiio nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/iiio oa eoeueoo?iiio aeeoo? Oe?a?ie,
aeeeeeaee aeooae?caoe?th oaeiai ieanoo ioce/ii? eoeueoo?e ye aeooiaia
oi?iaa niaaeueia oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee. Oea aea? iiaee
?iioeuen ?icaeoeo aeaiiai aeaeo oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa, ui ? ia o?eueee
/anoeiith iaoe?iiaeueii? aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e Oe?a?ie, a e iiooaeiei
?ino?oiaioii ?aaoeyoe?? aoiai?noe/ii-oe?ii?nieo a?aeiinei ethaeeie c
ae?eni?noth, /eiieeii oi?ioaaiiy aeooiaieo iio?aa noni?euenoaa ?
iniaenoino? ia iaoe?iiaeuei?e iniia?, ui aeicaiey? ae?iaeoe iiaa
anoaoe/ia aa/aiiy, na?aeiia iniaenoa noaaeaiiy aei aeooiaii? ioceee.
O?aaeeoe?eia nenoaia oaoiai? ina?oe oi?iaenoa??a o aeueo iaa/aeueieo
caeeaaeao na?ae/eoue i?i iaaeiioe?ieo ?ie? oe?a?inueeiai aeooiaiiai
oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa o ?ica”ycaii? iaaeaaia?/ieo caaaeaiue e iniaeeai
?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae oao?aoey, ui aaeueio? caaaeueiii?ioan?eiee oa
caaaeueiieoeueoo?iee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? oi?iaenoa?a ye ieooey,
aeoiaaoaey, i?ina?oieea.
I?iaeaia eiieaeniiai, nenoaiiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?icaeoeo oai?/eo
yeinoae o nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii?
oi?iai? ioceee, ui ?ioaa?o? oe?ii?nii-i???ioaoe?eiee, ii?aeueiee,
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/ee, aee?eaaionueei-oi?iaenoa?nueeee iioaioe?ae
iniaenoino? a nenoai? oaoiai? i?aeaioiaee aee?eaaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a, ia
noaea i?aaeiaoii iaaeaaia?/iiai aiae?co, ia aecia/aii eiiieaen oai?/eo
yeinoae, ye? aoiaeyoue a no?oeoo?o i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?
aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a; ia iaa?oioiaai? iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae oa iaoiaeeeo,
ui caaacia/othoue aoaeoeaiee ?icaeoie oai?/eo yeinoae. Oiio
iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ci?noo ? iaoiae?a
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano o aeu?e oeie?, aea/aiiy oeyo?a oa oiia
iniaeno?nii-i?ioan?eiiai c?inoaiiy iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a c aeii?iaioith
ia ?icaeoie oai?/eo yeinoae ? aeooaeueiei o no/ani?e oai??? ? i?aeoeoe?
ioce/ii? ina?oe.
Oaeei /eiii, i?ioe??//y i?ae iaiao?aei?noth ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee ?
iaaeinoaoiueith oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/iei iaa?oiooaaiiyi oe??? i?iaeaie
iaoiiaeei aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy “?icaeoie oai?/eo yeinoae o
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee”
Ca”ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiiaia o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iniiaieie iai?yiaie
aeine?aeaeaiue, ia?aaeaa/aieo o ieaiao iaoeiai? ?iaioe Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa.
I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioean ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a i?e aea/aii? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee
oe?a?inueeeo eiiiiceoi??a.
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o iaoeiaiio iaa?oiooaaii?, ?ic?iaoe? oa
aenia?eiaioaeuei?e ai?iaaoe?? iaoiaeeee caaacia/aiiy aoaeoeaiiai
?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei?
aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee.
?aae?caoe?y aeaii? iaoe ia?aaeaa/aea ae??oaiiy ?yaeo aca?iiiia’ycaieo
caaaeaiue:
1. Ia iniia? aea/aiiy iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e aecia/eoe iniiai?
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? iiceoe?? uiaei i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oai?/eo
yeinoae aee?eaaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a.
2. Cae?enieoe ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c iaoe?iiaeueiiai oe?a?inueeiai
aeooiaiiai oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa oa iaa?oiooaaoe eiai ?ieue oa i?noea a
ioce/ii-i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa??a.
3. Aecia/eoe oa ioa?aeoa?ecoaaoe eiiieaen oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino? a
no?oeoo?? ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa?a.
4. ?ic?iaeoe e?eoa??? noi?iiaaiino? oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o
oi?iaenoa??a
5. Iaoiiaeoe oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe aoaeoeai?noue iaoiaeeee
?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a.
Iaoiaeieia?/iith oa oai?aoe/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
o?einionueei-oai?aoe/ia inieneaiiy nooiino? oai?/ino? (I.N.Eaaai,
E.I.Eaae?ia, A.N.Iaeeao, A.A.sseiaeaa), ?? i?e?iaee (A.I.Iieyei,
Ae.A.Ia?ea?i, ss.I.Iiiiia?ueia, A.?.Oeiea?oe), ae?aeaeoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o
aca?iiae?? i?ioeanoaeueiiai oa iniaeno?niiai o oai?/ino?
(Ae.A,Aiaiyaeainueea, E.N.Aeaionueeee A.I.Eac?i, I.?.Eeoaeiiaa,
A.A.Eiaaeaiei), oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i? iniaenoino? (I.I.Aeio,
O.TH.Eaa?inii-Ean?ia, I.E.Aiaaeueiaea?, E.E.Ieaoiiia, N.E.?oa?iooaei),
aeine?aeaeaiiy ?? yeinoae (I.A.Einothe, A.I.Oaieia, A.A.?eaaeea,
AE.Aaeaia?, Ae.A?eoi?ae, E.Aeoieai, A.?icai), ocaaaeueiaiiy ?nioth/iai
i?aeoe/iiai aeina?aeo (?.A.Cycthi, I.A.Eocuei?ia, I.I.Ieaenthe,
A.I.Neanoueii?i), cie?aia a aaeoc? ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee
oi?iaenoa??a o nenoai? aeui? aoiai?oa?ii? ina?oe (A.A.Aieaa?nueeee,
A.I.Eauaiei, N.A.Eaca/eia, E.E.I?a?ia, E.A.Ioeoey).
A?aeiia?aeii aei iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue aoee aeei?enoai? iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy: aiae?c iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e oa oai?aoe/ia ocaaaeueiaiiy
ioce/ii-iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo; aeiaaino?ieiaa niinoa?aaeaiiy;
iaaiai?aiiy; iieooaaiiy (ienueiiaa oa onia); iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio
(eiinoaooth/ee ? oi?ioth/ee). Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy
cae?enithaaany c aeei?enoaiiyi noaoenoe/ieo iaoiae?a ia?iaee e?euee?nieo
iieaciee?a, ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? io?eiaieo aeaieo.
I?aai?caoe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy. A i?ioean? i?iaaaeaiiy eiinoaooth/iai
aenia?eiaioo iieooaai? ?aniiiaeaioe an?o eaoaai??e neeaee 299 in?a,
na?aae yeeo: ea??aieee aiaoi?nueeeo oa i?ioan?eieo eieaeoea?a – 37 in?a;
aeeeaaea/? aoc?a eoeueoo?e – 18 in?a; aeeeaaea/? ioce/ieo oaeoeueoao?a
iaaeaaia?/ieo aoc?a – 12 in?a; aeeeaaea/? ienoaoeueeeo aoc?a – 5 in?a;
nooaeaioe aoc?a eoeueoo?e, iaaeaaia?/ieo aoc?a oa aoc?a ienoaoeoa – 227
in?a. O oi?ioth/iio aenia?eiaio? a?aee o/anoue 22 nooaeaioe
aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie oa 22 nooaeaioe eiio?ieueii? a?oie.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeiny i?ioyaii 1993-1998 ?ie?a ? i?iaiaeeeinue
o o?e aoaie.
Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1993 ?.) ia iniia? aiae?co niaoe?aeueii? e?oa?aoo?e ?
ocaaaeueiaiiy i?aeoe/iiai aeina?aeo a aaeoc? aee?eaaionueei-oi?iai?
ina?oe aoee noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa oa caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/ai?
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy,
i?iaiae?ciaai? eiioeaiooaeuei? ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? i?aeoiaee aei
?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino?, cae?eniaii aiae?c oe?a?inueei?
aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, ii?aoeueiaaii iioia?ao?/i? iaoa??aee
oe?a?inueeiai aeooiaiiai oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa.
Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1993-1994 ??.) ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo
aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe oa i?iaaaeaii eiinoaooth/ee
aenia?eiaio, aecia/aii iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a oa iaoiaee/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy e ?icaeoeo
oai?/eo yeinoae caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee,
eiie?aoeciaaii ?aia?ooa? oai??a oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee.
Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1994 – 1998 ??.) i?iaaaeaii oi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaio,
a yeiio ia?aa??yeany aoaeoeai?noue iaoiaeeee ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee;
ocaaaeueiaii ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oa iaa?oioiaaii
aeniiaee.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui aia?oa:
aeyaeaii ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/io nooi?noue aeooiaiiai oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa
oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee oa aecia/aii ?? aieea ia ?icaeoie
oai?/eo yeinoae o nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a; ioa?aeoa?eciaaii eiiieaen
oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino? a no?oeoo?? ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa?a;
ooi/iaii iiiyooy “oai?/? yeino? oi?iaenoa?a”; ai?iaiaaii oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??aii iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae oa iaoiaeeeo aoaeoeaiiai
?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
a iaa/aeuei?e i?aeoeoe? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee oe?a?inueei?
eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee; ?ic?iaeaii e?eoa??? noi?iiaaiino? oai?/eo
yeinoae ? ia ?o iniia? aecia/aii ocaaaeueiaiee ??aaiue (aenieee,
na?aaei?e oa iecueeee) ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a.
I?aeoe/ia oa oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? oa
ai?iaaaeaeaii? aoaeoeaii? iaoiaeeee ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae
iaeaooiueiai oi?iaenoa?a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee
a i?aeoeeo ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a.
I?aeoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee aeei?enoai? a nenoai? oaoiai?
i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa (aeia?aeea i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ? 1184
a?ae 27.10.1999 ?.), Ieeiea?anueei? o?e?? EIOE?I (aeia?aeea ? 35 a?ae
1.10.1999), Noinueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo ?i.
A.N.Iaea?aiea (aeia?aeea i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 2.09.98?.),
??aiainueeiai ?inoeoooo eoeueoo?e (aeia?aeea ? 285 a?ae 6.10.98?.).
Iaoa??aee oa ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? o
iiaeaeueoiio ?icaeoeo oai?aoe/ieo iniia ioce/ii? iaaeaaia?ee, i?e
?ic?iaoe? iiaeo oaoiieia?e iaa/aiiy, o i?aeaeuaii? eaae?o?eaoe??
i?aoe?aiee?a eoeueoo?e oa ina?oe, i?e i?aeaioiaoe?
iaa/aeueii-iaoiaee/ii? e?oa?aoo?e.
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee aeena?oaoe??
ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy o i”yoe iaeiiin?aieo ioae?eaoe?yo o iaoeiaeo
oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?? iaoiiaeaia eia?eith iaoeiaiai iiooeo ?
neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae, aeiaeaoe?a.
Caaaeueiee ianya ?iaioe neeaaea? 162 noi??iee. Nienie aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae aeeth/a? 293 iaeiaioaaiue, c ieo 9 ?iicaiiith iiaith. O ?iaio?
ai?uaii 1 ae?aa?aio oa 16 aeiaeaoe?a.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/aii i?aaeiao,
iaoo, caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eoi iaoiaeieia?/io oa oai?aoe/io
iniiao ?iaioe, ioa?aeoa?eciaaii iaoiaee oa i?aai?caoe?th aeine?aeaeaiiy,
?ice?eoi eiai iaoeiao iiaecio, i?aeoe/io cia/ou?noue, a?aeia?aaeaii
iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a, a??ia?aei?noue ? a?aoiaioiaai?noue ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy, a oaeiae aeai? ai?iaaoe?? oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy caeiaooeo
?acoeueoao?a.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Oai?aoe/i? aniaeoe ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae
iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee”
cae?eniaii oai?aoe/iee aiae?c aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie o o?einionuee?e,
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i?e, ienoaoeoaiciaa/?e, iaoiaee/i?e e?oa?aoo??.
Oaaaa i?eae?eyeany ianaiia?aae oei iieiaeaiiyi, ye? iathoue
iaoiaeieia?/ia cia/aiiy aeey ?iaioe. Iiaeaii ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c
?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, ?ice?eoi ?? ?ieue o
oi?ioaaii? oai?/i? iniaenoino? oi?iaenoa?a; aecia/aii eiiieaen oai?/eo
yeinoae aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a; ie?aneai? caeiaoo? aeai? eiinoaooth/iai
aenia?eiaioo.
Aiae?coth/e oai?aoe/iee aniaeo ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino?
caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, ie ia iaiaaeoaaeenue
ioce/ii-iaaeaaia?/ieie aai caaaeueiiiaaeaaia?/ieie canaaeaie, a
?icaeyaeaee i?iaeaio o oe?ieiio ci?noiaiiio eiioaeno?, caeo/ath/e
iaaooee o?einio??, eoeueoo?ieia??, oai??? nenoai, ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa,
?ae?a??ciaanoaa oiui. Oei naiei aecia/aany i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?iee oa?aeoa?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeyaeeanue iaiao?aei?noue ?ioaa?aoe?? ??ciiiai?oieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, a a?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai – aeai?eoi aeine?aeaeaiiy
a?ae caaaeueiiai aei /anoeiaiai, a?ae caaaeueii? iaoiaeieia?? aei
?ic?iaee eiie?aoii? aeine?aeii? i?ia?aie.
Ia iniia? aiae?co iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e aecia/aii aca?iica”ycie eaoaai??e
“oai?/?noue”, “oai?/a ae?yeuei?noue”, “oai?/a iniaeno?noue”, “oai?/a
aeoeai?noue”, “oai?/? yeino? iniaenoino?”. O i?aoeyo E.I.Eaae?iaa,
I.N.Eaaaia, A.N.Iaeeaoa, A.A.sseiae?aa ?ice?eaa?oueny nioe?aeueia
nooi?noue oa ci?no oai?/ino?, iaa?oioiaothoueny ??ci? i?aeoiaee aei
?icoi?iiy oaiiiaio oai?/ino?. Ia ??ai? iniaenoino? oai?/?noue
aecia/a?oueny caaaeyee ii??aiyeuei?e ioe?ioe? ii/aoeiaiai aoaio ?icaeoeo
noa”?eoa ae?yeueiino? oa oa?aeoa?enoeee oeo ci?i, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a
noa?? ?? nioe?ieoeueoo?ii? ae?yeueiino?.
Aeine?aeieee N.E.Aeeoe?aee oa E.A.ssoeaiei aeiaiaeyoue, ui oai?/?noue –
oea iniaeeaee neioaoe/iee aeo, a yeiio neiioeaio?iaai? aeooiai?,
nioe?ieoeueoo?i?, i?aeoe/i? eiiiiiaioe ae?yeueiino? iniaenoino?, ??
aeanoeaino?, cae?aiino? oa yeino?.
Oai?/?noue c iiceoe?e ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee aeine?aeaeo?oueny o
aca?iiae?? i?ioeanoaeueiiai oa iniaeno?niiai aniaeo?a (I.I.Eaiioue?a,
?.I.Naiaiia, ss.I.Iiiiia?ueia) ye neeaaeiee, aaaaoi??aiaaee,
aaaaoiaei??iee, nenoaiii i?aai?ciaaiee i?ioean (Ae.A.Aiaiyaeainueea,
A.I.Iieyei). Oai?/?noue, oai?/a ae?yeuei?noue oa ?icaeoie oai?/eo
yeinoae, ia aeoieo I.?.E?oa?iiaa ss.I.Iiiiia?ueiaa, A.A.?eaaeee,
ciaoiaeyoueny a iino?eiiio ca’yceo oa aca?iicaeaaeiino? e oiio
oi?aae?iiy oeei ?ioaa?aeueiei i?ioeanii iaiiaeeeai aac o?aooaaiiy oeeo
neeaaeiaeo.
?ice?eaath/e ci?no ? no?oeoo?o cae?aiinoae, E.N.Aeaionueeee,
E.E.Ieaoiiia, N.E.?oa?iooaei, A.I.Oaieia aecia/aee ?o ye “?iaeia? yeino?
ethaeeie”, ye? oi?iothoueny o i?ioean? ae?yeueiino? ? coiiaeai? iaaieie
oiiaaie aeeooy, aeoiaaiiy, ina?oe, i?aeoeee iniaenoino?.
A?o/eciyi? aeine?aeieee A.A.Aiaiue?a, A.N.Einothe, A.A.?eaaeea,
N.E.?oa?iooaei oa ?i., ca?oa?aei? a/ai? A.Ianeio, E.?iaeaea?n, A.A??enii
?icaeioee ?aeath oai?/iai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? ia aeaio ??aiyo:
“ai?eciioaeueiiio” – aaaaoianiaeoi?e ae?yeueiino? iniaenoino? a iaaiiio
na?aaeiaeu? oa ia “aa?oeeaeueiiio” – caaaeyee iaai?e aeeniiceoe??
iniaenoino?. A oai??? oa i?aeoeoe? ioce/ii? ina?oe i?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy
oai?/i? iniaenoino? iin?aea? oeaio?aeueia i?noea, a oaeiae ? i?aaeiaoii
niaoe?aeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue. ?o aieiaia ?aeay – oea oai?/ee ?icaeoie
ioceeaioa, aa?iii?/ia oe?e?ni?noue iniaenoino?. Eiiieaen oai?/eo yeinoae
iiaeia aaaaeaoe nenoaiiith oaoiieia?/iith ia?aaeoiiaith eiai aeoiaaiiy
oa ?icaeoeo (A.O.Anaoue?a, E.A.Aa?aiaiei, A.I.Iaaeaeea, A.I.I?ieio”?a,
I.O.Ooeyeia, A.E. ssai?nueeee).
O iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo o aaeoc? ioce/ii? ineoieia?? ? iaaeaaia?ee
aecia/ai? eiioeaiooaeuei? i?aeoiaee uiaei ?icaeoeo oai?/i? iniaenoino?
ioceeaioa. Ana aaaii?oith ? i?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i? iniaenoino?
oi?iaenoa?a c aeoeaioii ia oai?/o naii?aae?caoe?th, ?icaeoie oai?/eo
yeinoae (A.A.Aieaa?nueeee, N.A.Eaca/eia, E.E.I?a?ia) ? iia’ycai? c iath
ieoaiiy oaeineiiaeaiiy oi?iaenoa?nueei? i?aeaioiaee a nenoai? aeui?
ina?oe (I.I.Aaa?eiianueeee, N.A.Eaca/eia); ?ic?iaee oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
iiaeo iaoiae?a, iaoiaeee, cania?a ?aae?caoe?? oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo
iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a (A.O.Aaae??anueeee, ?.Eioiai, I.E?a/ei,
A.Oe.Ia?oeaanueeee, E.E.I?a?ia, A.A.Nieieia). Iaa?oioiao?oueny iiiyooy
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? ye neeaaeii? no?oeoo?e, aea
i?iyaeythoueny ?ioaa?iaai? iniaeno?ni? aeanoeaino? oa oai?/? yeino?
ioceeaioa (N.A.Eaca/eia, A.A.Iaaeooaanueeee, ?.I.Ion?i,
A.A.Iacaee?inueeee, A.N.Oa?ania).
Ae?yeuei?noue oi?iaenoa?a oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iie?ooieoe?iiaeueiith
no?oeoo?ith, oe?ieei ae?aiaciiii aeaeiaiai i?iyao a nioe?ieoeueoo?iiio
na?aaeiaeu? (iae?i-nioe?ieoeueoo?iiio ??ai?). A oeueiio ca’yceo
ni?yiiaai?noue iniaenoino? aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a ?icaeyaea?oueny ye
iaaia nenoaia iiaeyae?a, ia?aeiiaiue, noaaeaiiy ia o?eueee aei
ienoaoeoaa oi?iai? ioceee, a e aei caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, ye?
? no?eaeiai ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? i???ioaoe?? a oe?iiinoyo oi?iai?
ioce/ii? eoeueoo?e, a cae?eniaii? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oai??a, a i?iaaaeaii?
iaa/aeueii?, aeoiaii?, i?ina?oieoeueei? ?iaioe.
I.I.Aa?aneiiaa-Ia?neaenueea, ?.O.Eyoaiei, N.?.Oeaiiaa, I.N.TH?/aiei
aeiaiaeyoue, ui aeooiaia ioceea aenooia? iaeiei c iniiaieo eiiiiiaio?a
ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e ? o?eno? a nia? oa?aeoa?i? ?ene ia’?eoeaaoe??
ci?noo ?? na?oiaeyaeieoeueeeo iniia. Aiia ye aeae ienoaoeoaa
iiina?aaeeiao? a nia? caaaeueiieoeueoo?io aeii?iaioo noni?euenoaa,
?ice?eaa? an? i?iyae eiai aeooiaiiai aeeooy, eiai ?ioaeaeooaeueiee oa
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iee iioaioe?ae (N.?.Oeaiiaa). ?icaeaath/enue o
iino?eiiio eiioaeo? c ?aae?yie aeeooy, aeoiaey/e ca iaae? nooi
?ae?a?eiiai ?ioa?ano, aeooiaia ioceea iaaoaa? aeooaeueiino? a ioce/i?e
iaaeaaia?/i?e i?aeoeoe?. Aeooiaia ioceea ni?ey? aeoeaiiio caeo/aiith
oi?iaenoa?a aei caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, ii?i ooaeiaeiuei?
eoeueoo?e, niaaeei?iiino? ?nioth/eo o?aaeeoe?e o aaciina?aaeiueiio
ae?aaeaii? eiioaeoo ?c na?oii ooaeiaei?o iaaeaaiue, a oaeiae caaacia/o?
?icaeoie eiai oai?/eo iiaeeeainoae oa iniaeno?nieo oai?/eo yeinoae
(E.Caen, A.I.Eauaiei, I.Oeaeae-sseeiaiei, I.N.TH?/aiei).
Na?oiaee iaaeaaia?/iee aeina?ae na?ae/eoue, ui aeooiaia ioceea oe?iei
aeei?enoiao?oueny a no/anieo nenoaiao aeoiaaiiy. A?o/eciyia nenoaia
ioce/ii? ina?oe oaeiae a?oioo?oueny ia eoeueoo?ieo o?aaeeoe?yo
oe?a?inueei? oi?iai? niaaeueie, caniiaaii? ia aaaaoia?aiiiio ?aia?ooa??
oai??a aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee:
A.Aaaeaey, I.Aa?acianueeiai, Ae.Ai?oiyinueeiai, I.Eenaiea, I.Eaiioiae/a,
I.Eiceoeueeiai, O.Eieane, I.Eioeoey, E.Noaoeaiea, I.Ae?aiethae,
E.Aee/ei, N.Eoiueiaa, A.Noaio?ea, ?.Ua?aaeiaa, I.Oooa.
I?iaeaia ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a iio?aao? ?o
iaoeiaiai iaa?oiooaaiiy a no?oeoo?? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?.
Oae, yeino? oai?/i? iniaenoino? ?icaeyaeaeenue ye neeaaeia?
niaoeeo?/iiai iniaeno?niiai iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?,
a oiio noaee i?aaeiaoii aiae?co ? eeaneo?eaoe??. ss.I.Iiiiia?ueia
aecia/a? oae? a?oie oai?/eo yeinoae: ia?oeaioeai?, ?ioaeaeooaeuei?,
oa?aeoa?ieia?/i?, iioeaaoe?eii-iio?aaia?. I.I.Iaothoe?i ?icaeyaea?
oai?/?noue ye ?ioaa?aoeaio nenoaio, ui aeeth/a?: aeii?iaioio ?ieue
i?ciaaaeueii? iioeaaoe?? iniaenoino?; oai?/o aeoeai?noue; caeaoi?noue
aei noai?aiiy ?aeaaeueieo aoaeii?a, ye? ? iniiaith oi?ioaaiiy
anoaoe/ieo, ii?aeueieo, ?ioaeaeooaeueieo, oe?ii?nieo i???ioaoe?e. ? ?
?ioaa?aeueiei no?oeoo?iei aeaiaioii oai?/i? iniaenoino?, yeee aeeiio?
aen?ieia?/io ooieoe?th. Ooaeinueeee A.N. i?iiiio? iaaeaaia?/io nenoaio
?icaeoeo oai?/i? iniaenoino?, neeaaeiaeie yei? ?: iaaeaaia?/ia
inieneaiiy oai?/iai i?ioeano; nenoaiaoecaoe?y yeinoae oai?/i?
iniaenoino? ye iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoe; ?ice?eooy nenoaie iaaeaaia?/ieo
oai?/eo neooaoe?e; aecia/aiiy iniiaieo iai?yi?a oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i?
iniaenoino?.
Eeaneo?eaoe?y oai?/eo yeinoae iin?aea? oeaio?aeueia i?noea ? a oai??? oa
i?aeoeoe? ioce/ii? ina?oe (E.A.Aa?aiaiei, E.A.Eiaaeue, N.?.Iaoiaiei,
A.I.Iaaeaeea, A.I.I?ieioue?a, A.Nao, I.O.Ooeyeia).
Aeiaaaeaii, ui nenoaia i?aeaioiaee iaeaooi?o oao?aoe?a a?aoiao?
iaiao?aei?noue oe?ieiai oeoia/aiiy ia?aaeoiia ?ioiiaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e
aee?eaaioa, cai?ioo? a ?ioaa?aoeai? yeino? (N.A.Eaca/eia, ?.I.Ion?i,
I.O.Eieanna). Oea iiaeia ie?aneeoe o aeaeyae? aeaio no?oeoo?ieo aeie?a:
?eoii-eaaeiaa ? iioi?ii-neooiaa eii?aeeiaoe?? ia ia?oiio uaae?. Ia
aeuiio uaae? nenoaiii? ???a?o?? oe? eiiiiiaioe i?aeii?yaeeiaai? aeieo
aeuiai ii?yaeeo – oai?/ei yeinoyi e cae?aiinoyi, ui ?ice?eaathoueny
oeyoii aca?iiae?? aieaeueieo, oi?iaeo, ?ino?oiaioaeueieo e ieanoe/ieo
cania?a ooaeiaeiuei-aeeiiaanueeiai naiiae?aaeaiiy. O i?ioean? ?icaeoeo
iaeaooiueiai aee?eaaioa ooieoe?iioaaiiy oeeo aeie?a iiaeiii aooe
oe?e?niei. Naia aiia o ii?aeiaii? c aeueie ooaeiaei?ie aeaoa?i?iaioaie
coiiaeth? aoaeoeai?noue oai?/iai i?ioeano aee?eaaioa.
?ioaa?aeuei? oai?/? yeino? oa niaoe?aeuei? ioce/i? cae?aiino? aee?eaaioa
oe?e?ni? ca nai?th i?e?iaeith aenooiathoue /eiieeaie, ui iaoiiaeththoue
eiioeaiooaeuei? ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
O niaoe?aeueieo iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo aecia/aii ie?ai? “iaai?e yeinoae”, ye?
iiaeii? aooe i?eoaiaii? oao?aoeth-oi?iaenoa?o o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei
no?oeoo?e eiai ae?yeueiino?, aea aei oe??? ii?e ia ?nio? iaoeiai? ?o
eeaneo?eaoe??. I?ioa, aeiiae aei oao?aoey-oi?iaenoa?a ?icaeyaeaeeny o
ooieoe?iiaeueiiio aniaeo? (N.A.Eaca/eia); aecia/aany eiiieaen
iaiao?aeieo ciaiue a?ae “caaaeueieo aeie?a” (I.I.Eaia?ooaei) aei
eiie?aoeciaaieo a niaoeeo?oe? oi?iaenoa?nueei? i?aeoeee (?.I.Ion?i).
Iaeiae eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oey i?iaeaia ia io?eiaea.
A aeine?aeaeaii? aecia/aii no?oeoo?i? eiiiiiaioe ae?yeueiino?
oi?iaenoa?a: oe?ii?nii-i???ioaoe?eiee, iioeaaoe?eii-i?ciaaaeueiee,
?ioi?iaoe?eii-i???ioaoe?eiee, aeine?aeieoeueeee, eiioi?eaoeaiee,
aiioe?eii-aieueiaee oa aeyaeaii eiiieaen oai?/eo yeinoae oao?aoey.
Aei oe?ii?nii-i???ioaoe?eiiai eiiiiiaioo a?aeianaii: aeoioeyoe?y
aoiai?noe/ii? nooiino? oai??a aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee a iniaeno?nieo
oyaeaiiyo; ona?aeiieaiiy ii?aeueii-anoaoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo aeooiaii?
oi?iai? ioceee; i???ioaoe?y ia nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?i? oe?iiino?
ienoaoeoaa oi?iai? aeooiaii? ioceee.
Iioeaaoe?eii-i?ciaaaeueiee eiiiiiaio aeeth/a?: ?ioa?an aei iiaeo aeai??a
oi?iai? aeooiaii? ioceee, ?? niaoeeo?ee, caeiiii??iinoae ?nioaaiiy a
ienoaoeoa? oa aeeoo?; i?iya aeii?ioth/eo iioeaaoe?e ia ?icaeoie oai?/eo
yeinoae; iaeo?ae?caoe?y aioenoeioe?a.
Aei ?ioi?iaoe?eii-i???ioaoe?eiiai eiiiiiaioo iaeaaeeoue: iino?eia
caeiaoooy iiai? ioce/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? a noa?? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee;
i?aaiaiiy aei oaeineiiaeaiiy ?nioth/eo ioce/ieo ciaiue a aaeoc?
aeooiaii? ioceee ? aee?eaaionueei? iaioaeueii? oaoi?ee, ui iaiao?aeia
aeey aaaaoueio aeooiaieo oi?iaeo eiioea?o?a, aeoaea neeaaeieo o
aeeiiaanueeiio ieai?; ?icaeiaiee i?ciaaaeueiee ?ioa?an, oai?/ee iiooe a
aaeoc? aeooiaii? ioceee.
Aeine?aeieoeueeee eiiiiiaio aeeth/a?: i?aaiaiiy aei nenoaiaoe/iiai
ii?aoethaaiiy iiaiai oi?iaiai ?aia?ooa?o a ??cieo aeai?ao aeooiaii?
ioceee; noeeuei?noue aei ianoaiaea?oieo oai?/eo ??oaiue a ?ioa?i?aoaoe??
aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee; a?ae/oooy aa?iii??, aeineiiaeino?, e?ane a
?ice?eoo? ioce/ii? ooaeiaeiuei? ia?aciino? aeooiaii? ioceee.
Aei eiioi?eaoeaiiai eiiiiiaioo iaeaaeeoue: caeaoi?noue aei ?icoi?iiy
iiaeo ianoaiaea?oieo aeoiie oa ianoaiaea?oiiai ae??oaiiy i?iaeaiieo
ieoaiue uiaei ooieoe?iioaaiiy aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee a
nioe?ieoeueoo?iiio na?aaeiaeu?; caeai?noue aei ni?eeiyooy iiaeo ?aeae ?
?o iaaiai?aiiy o oiae? oai?/iai ni?eeoaaiiy a oi?iaiio eieaeoea?;
caeaoi?noue aei eieaeoeaiiai i?eeiyooy oai?/eo ??oaiue a i?ioean?
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?. E??i oeueiai, eiioi?eaoeaiee eiiiiiaio
aeeth/a? i?aai?caoi?nuee? ai?iiy ? iaae/ee: anoaiiaeaiiy oai?/eo
noinoie?a c oi?iaei eieaeoeaii, c aeeiiaaoeyie-nie?noaie, oi?enoaie,
neooaoeueeith aoaeeoi???th. Oiio noi?iiaai?noue oai?/eo yeinoae, ye?
caaacia/othoue ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiee i?aeo?ae a
eieaeoeai?e noa?? ae?yeueiino?.
Aiioe?eii-aieueiaee eiiiiiaio aeeth/a?: caeaoi?noue aei
aiioe?eii-/ooo?aiai iai?oaeaiiy, aeiaaio?eaaeiai aioo??oiueiai aa/aiiy
oe?e?niiai ioce/ii-ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aco; caeaoi?noue aei i?iya?a aie? oa
oa?aeoa?o, aei iia?e?caoe?? on?o nai?o ?ano?n?a ia aeeiiaiiy
??ciiieaiiaiai ?aia?ooa?o a aeai?? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee; caeaoi?noue
aei naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy, aeooiaiiai ?inoo o i?ioean? naiiaeoiaaiiy.
Aeii?iaioith a oai?/ino? aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a ? ioce/iee neoo.
A.A.Anaoue?a aeiaiaeeoue, ui aaciina?aaeiuei ioce/iee neoo ooieoe?iio?
ia iniia? ?ioiiaoe?eii? i?e?iaee ioce/iiai ienoaoeoaa, iniaeeai
oi?iaiai, ia ni?eeiyoo? oa ?ioiiaoe?? (“ienoaoeoai ?ioiiiaaiiai naino”).
O i?aoeyo N.A.Eaca/eiaa, ?.I.Ion?ia, E.E.I?a?iaa oa ?ioeo a?aeiieo
aee?eaaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a aecia/a?oueny ?o ?aeeia iiceoe?y uiaei
i??i?eoaoo a i?ioan?? aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a noi?iiaaiino? ioce/iiai
neooo a oe?ie?e noa?? eiai ??ciiaeae?a, ine?eueee neoo aee?eaaioa
a?ae??ciy?oueny oi?aa?naeuei?noth ? i?noeoue a nia? an? aeaiaioe
caaaeueiiioce/iiai, aea ianya eiai cia/ii oe?oee, i?ae a i?eano?iaiai
ioceeaioa, oi?iaiai ni?aaea /e aieae?noa: a?i iio?aao? iniaeeai?
caaino?aiino?, iia?aoeaiino? neooo oa “oe?ieiniaoe?ae?ciaaiiai
i’yciai-aeonoe/iiai neooo” o a?aeiia?aeiino? c aeeiiaanueeei neeaaeii
(Eaca/eia N.A.).
A aeine?aeaeaii? ioce/iee neoo aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a ?icaeyaea?oueny ye
?ioaa?aeueia oai?/a ye?noue aee?eaaioa-ioceeaioa. Aei ?? ??ciiaeae?a
a?aeianaii: caoeiaenioiee neoo; oaiiiiao?i?eoi?/iee neoo; aioo??oi?e
neoo; eaaeiaee neoo; ioce/ii-neooia? oyaeaiiy; iai’youe; ioce/ia
ieneaiiy oiui.
Aei oaiiiiao?i?eoio iaeaaeeoue: /oooy no?eeiai oaiio; /oooy
oaiiiiao?i?eoi?/ieo niieo/aiue neiaa oa ioceee; /oooy iao?e/ii? oa
?eoi?/ii? ioeuenaoe??; /oooy aca?iicaeaaeiino?: oaiiiiao?i?eoio c
ioeuenaoe??th, noeeai, aeai?ii; /oooy iie?iao??? oa iie??eoi??.
Ioce/ii-neooia? oyaeaiiy aeeth/athoue: ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-iniaeno?nia
iaaoooy ? caa?aaeaiiy ioce/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? (ioce/iiai iaoa??aeo) ia
iniia? ?? aioo??oiueiai aa/aiiy oa /oooy ioceee; caa?aaeaiiy o?eaaeiai
iai?oaeaiiai oo?eiaiiy ioce/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? ia ??ai? aioo??oiuei?
ioce/ii-neooiai? oaaae; iiaeeea?noue aeioe?eueii iia?oaaoe aioo??oi?i
ioce/iei neooii.
Niaoeeo?ea iai’yo? oi?iaenoa?a aaaaoianiaeoia ? ia? iaaio
eeaneo?eaoe?th: ioce/ii-neooiaa, ioce/ii-?ioiiaoe?eia, ioce/ii-?eoi?/ia,
i’yciai-?ooiaa, eiino?oeoeaii-eia?/ia, ci?iaa oa aiioe?eia.
Oa?aeoa?ieie iciaeaie ioce/iiai ieneaiiy ?: ni?eeiyoeea?noue,
/ooeea?noue, “a?aee?eo?noue” aei iiaeo ioce/ieo ciaiue, caeiiii??iinoae,
aei iiai? ioce/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??, iia’ycaii? c oi?iaith aeooiaiith
ioceeith; caeaoi?noue aei oai?/iai aiae?co, oiaoi aeae?eaiiy ?noioieo
iacae/aeieo ianoaiaea?oieo oa?aeoa?ieo iniaeeainoae aeooiaii? oi?iai?
ioceee oa ??cieo aniaeo?a ?? aeei?enoaiiy a nioe?ieoeueoo?i?e noa??;
caeaoi?noue aei oai?/iai neioaco, oiaoi noai?aiiy i?ea?iaeueieo
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/eo ?ioa?i?aoaoe?e ??ciiaeai?iaeo oai??a aeooiaii?
oi?iai? ioceee.
Oai?/? yeino? aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a – oea ?ioaa?aeuei? ooai?aiiy, ye? o
nai?e noeoiiino? oa aeeiai?/iiio ?icaeoeo iaoiiaeththoue ?aae?caoe?th
eiai iniaeno?niiai oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo a iie?aniaeoi?e noa??
ooaeiaeiuei? ae?yeueiino?.
Aaaeeeaei aeey iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei iaa?oiooaaiiy i?aeoiae?a
aeeeaaea/?a oa i?aeoee?a-oi?iaenoa??a uiaei oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?
iaeaooiueiai oao?aoey e iniaeeai iaiao?aeiino? noi?iiaaiino? eiai
oai?/eo yeinoae: oai?/ee e?oaic?? ye noeoii?noue noi?iiaaieo
ioce/ii-i?ioan?eieo ciaiue a aaeoc? oi?iciaanoaa, oai??? oa i?aeoeee
aee?eaaionueei-oi?iaenoa?nueei? ae?yeueiino? e iaieiae?iiy i?eioeeiaie
ioce/ii? ooaeiaeiuei? oai?/ino? (51,4%); i?ioan?eiee ??aaiue o
ooaeiaeiuei-ienoaoeuee?e oi?iaenoa?nuee?e ae?yeueiino? (86,5%); oai?/?
yeino?, ui oi?iothoueny a i?ioean? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? ?
iia”ycai? c oai?/ei ienoaoeoaii, aee?eaaionueei-oi?iaenoa?nueeei
aeina?aeii (81,1%); iaoeiaa i?aai?caoe?y i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a c
i???ioaoe??th ia oai?/?noue ia an?o aoaiao aeui? ina?oe (13,5%);
aeooiaia ioceea a no/ani?e oi?ia?e i?aeoeoe? – iiaa, iaaeinoaoiuei
aea/aia e aeine?aeaeaia yaeua, ui iio?aao? iaoeiaiai oai?aoe/iiai e
i?aeoe/iiai ocaaaeueiaiiy (27,0%).
A oiae? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeaii iaea?eueo caaaeuei? iaaeie?ee a
ioce/ii-i?ioan?ei?e i?aeaioiaoe? iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a, a naia:
iaaeinoaoi?noue aeeaieeo ciaiue c ?noi??? noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee Oe?a?ie (83,7%), ?aia?ooa?o aeooiaii? oi?iai?
ioceee acaaae? (30,8%) e oai??a aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee oe?a?inueei?
eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee, cie?aia (44,9%).
Aecia/ai? ineoieia?/i? “ia?aoeiaee” iniaeno?niiai cia/aiiy, ye?
aaeueiothoue oai?/o ae?yeuei?noue iaeaooi?o oao?aoe?a, ui aaeaeaaoii
aieeaa? e ia ?icaeoie oai?/eo yeinoae: ia?aoeiaea noaoe/iino? – oea
noaea “iaeiaeiaa” ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y oai?o, oiaoi eiie?aoiee noa?aioei, yeee
nooaeaioo aaaeei iiaeieaoe (74,9%); ia?aoeiaea iaaiaaiaiino?, a yeeo
aieiaiei aenooia? neaaeee i?iya aiioe?eii-aieueiaeo coneeue ia oeyoo aei
“oai?/iai ia?aao?eaiiy”, a?aenooi?noue aiaaiaiino? a ciaii? ioce/iiai
iaoa??aeo, iaaeinoaoiy noi?iiaai?noue aee?eaaionueeeo ai?iue (85,0%);
ia?aoeiaea noa?oiai? ae?? – i?iaeaia, iia”ycaia c aioo??oiueith
iia?e?caoe??th aiioe?eii-aieueiai? iai?oae aeey ii/aoeiai? ae??
aeeiiaiiy eiioea?oii? i?ia?aie (33,9%); ia?aoeiaea aeniaaeaiino? –
iaaeinoaoi?noue ?aaoeyoe?? aiioe?eii-aieueiai? noa?e a eiie?aoiiio
aenooi?, iaaeiioe?iea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy “neeaaeieo” oa “aaeaioiaaieo” aeey
aeeiiaiiy oai??a (63,9%); neooaoeai? ia?aoeiaee – o?oaeiiu?, iia”ycai? c
iaaeinoaoiueith i?aeaioiaeith nooaeaio?a aei aeeiiaiiy iaiao?aeiiai eiea
caaaeaiue, ui ie?aneai? aeiiaaie aei no/aniiai oao?aoey, ?aaeeiii
iaa/aiiy oa eiai aeeiai?/iei oaiiii, aieeaii ciai?oi?o /eiiee?a,
aeii?ioth/eo iaae iaoai?ciaie ae?? aioo??oiuei? ?aaoeyoe??,
a?aenooi?noue naii?aaoeyoe?? a iiaaae?ioe?, iaaeaaia?/i?e aca?iiae??
(68,7%); eiio?eiioi?eaoeai? ia?aoeiaee – oia?aaeaeaiiy, iaaeia??a e
aaeaeoae?noue aei iiaioaaiiy oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa aeooiaii? ioceee,
iaaeinoaoi?noue noi?iiaaiino? aoiai?noe/iiai na?oiaeyaeo c iiceoe?e
?icoi?iiy oeueiai aeaeo ienoaoeoaa ye caaaeueiiethaenueei? oe?iiino?,
i?iya ?iaeea?aeoae?cio, naiiaeiaaeineiiaeaiiy (35,2%); oacao?oni?
ia?aoeiaee – iaaeinoaoi?e ??aaiue ?ioaeaeooaeueii? ?i?oe?aoeae, iaai?iiy
ei?enooaaoeny iaaooeie ciaiiyie o i?aeoeoe? oi?iaenoa?nuee?e
ae?yeueiino?, ia/?oe?noue ona?aeiieaiiy aeanieo oe?eae, ooieoe?e,
iaaooeo ciaiue ? i?aeoeoe?, ni?yiiaai?e ia iiaeaeueoo ioce/ii-i?ioan?eio
ae?yeuei?noue ye oi?iaecoa?a (26,4%).
?aniiiaeaioe (aeeeaaea/?, i?aeoeee-oi?iaenoa?e) aaaaeathoue iaaeinoaoi?e
??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? oai?/eo yeinoae iaei??th c iniiaieo ia?aoeiae aeey
i?iaeoeoeaii? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa?a a
nioe?ieoeueoo?iiio na?aaeiaeu?; ia ?o aeoieo oe?a?inueea aeooiaia oi?iaa
ioceea a i?aeoe/i?e i?aeaioiaoe? nooaeaio?a ia aeei?enoiao?oueny (80% );
aeooaeuei?noue iaoe?iiaeueii? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee ?aniiiaeaioe
?iciiae?eythoue c na?oiaeyaeieoeueeeo iiceoe?e (44,9%),
aoiiineoieia?/ieo (34,4%), caaaeueiieoeueoo?ieia?/ieo (57,7%) aniaeo?a;
no/aniee noai aeaiie?aoecaoe?? noni?eueii? aeoiee oiiaeeeaea iioe?aiiy
e?aueo c?ace?a oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? niaaeueie a ioce/i?e
i?aeoeoe? (88,1%).
Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo aecia/aii
ocaaaeueiaiee ??aaiue ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee oi?iaenoa??a:
aenieee (16%); na?aaei?e (39%); iecueeee (45%).
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Iaaeaaia?/ia ea??aieoeoai i?ioeanii ?icaeoeo
oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a ” iaa?oioiaaii iaaeaaia?/i?
oiiae aoaeoeaiino? ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae iaeaooiueiai oi?iaenoa?a,
?ice?eoi iaoiaeeeo aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe, i?aaenoaaeaii
?acoeueoaoe oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo.
O ae??oaii? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a,
aacoth/enue ia noi?ioeueiaaieo iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo canaaeao, ie
aeoiaeeee c oiai, ui oeae i?ioean aoaea aoaeoeaiei caaaeyee
aeei?enoaiith iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia, a naia: ?aae?caoe?y ?aea?
E.N.Aeaionueeiai uiaei iiaoaiiiai cae?eniaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai i?ioeano c
i???ioaoe??th ia ciio aeeaeiueiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? o aca?iiae?? ?c
ciiith aeooaeueiiai ?icaeoeo, ?c iaaeeaeaiiyi aei ae??oaiiy
ia?niaeoeaieo caaaeaiue; aa??aoeai?noue aaaaeaiiy i?aai?caoe?eieo oi?i
ae?yeueiino? a i?ioean iaa/aiiy: ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo, eieaeoeaieo,
ae??aiia?oiiaeo, ainaiaeaaeo (i?i?-oi?ie) a ?o eiia?ioaaii? c
i???ioaoe??th ia iinooiiaa oneeaaeiaiiy oa aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th iaa/aeueieo
caaaeaiue; aeei?enoaiiy nenoaie oai?/eo caaaeaiue ia aac? yeeo
i?iaiaeeeany ae?aaiinoeea noi?iiaaiino? oai?/eo yeinoae; aeooae?caoe?y
iaaooeo ioce/ii-oai?aoe/ieo ciaiue a i?aeoeoe? aee?eaaioa-oi?iaenoa?a
oa iiaoaiia oi?ioaaiiy eiiieaeno ai?iue aiae?co ioce/ieo oai??a
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? niaaeueie c iiceoe?e anoaoe/iiai,
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/iai, i?ioan?eiiai; i?aai?caoe?y iaaeaaia?/ii?
aca?iiae?? ia iniia? “ae?aeiaiai? caeo/aiino?” oai?/iai ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa
a eaioethao: “aeeeaaea/-nooaeaio” – “nooaeaio-nooaeaio” –
“aeeeaaea/-a?oia nooaeaio?a” – “nooaeaio-a?oia nooaeaio?a”;
iia?e?caoe?y aioo??oiueiai aeoeaiiai noaaeaiiy nooaeaio?a aei iiaioaaiiy
oe?iei? iae?o?e oai??a oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee;
aeoea?caoe?y naiino?eii? ioce/ii-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? nooaeaio?a.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaei, ui ae??a?noue ?ic?iaeaieo iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia a
i?ioean? ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a ia iniia?
aeei?enoaiiy ??ciiieaiiaiai ?aia?ooa?o oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai?
ioceee aeicaiey? aeoeaii aieeaaoe ia caaaeueio ioce/ii-i?ioan?eio
i?aeaioiaeo oao?aoe?a nioe?ieoeueoo?ii? noa?e ae?yeueiino?, aeicaieeei
eiie?aoecoaaoe iaoo iiceoe?th uiaei ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o
oi?iaenoa??a, ui cae?enith?oueny ia iniia? aca?iiae?? aeaio i?ioean?a:
canai?ii? nioe?ieoeueoo?iiai aeina?aeo ? ?aae?caoe?? eiai o ??cieo
aeaeao i?aeoe/ii? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?.
Aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa cae?enithaaeanue a eean? “Oi?iaiai
aee?eaoaaiiy” c o?aooaaiiyi no/anieo i?eioeei?a ioce/ii? iaaeaaia?ee
uiaei ?iaeea?aeoae?caoe?? oa aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? iaa/aiiy, a?aeca?eaethth/e
iniaeno?niee i?aeo?ae aei ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai
oi?iaenoa?a a oe?eiio oa ?icaeoeo eiai oai?/eo yeinoae cie?aia. Ie
oaeiae aeio?eioaaeenue iaaeaaia?/ieo iieiaeaiue i?i oa, ui a oiae?
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai iaa/aiiy aeeeaaea/ i?aai?co? ? ea?o? i?ioeanii
?ica”ycaiiy ie?aneaieo caaaeaiue, aecia/ath/e a iueiio ??ai?
i?iaeoeoeaii? ae?yeueiino? nooaeaio?a; a iaaeaaia?/iiio ea??aieoeoa?
aeoeaioo?oueny oaaaa ia ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? iniaeeaino? nooaeaioa, ia
?icaeoie ?o oai?/eo yeinoae e ie?aneththoueny oeyoe ?o ?icaeoeo c
i?iaiinoe/ieo iiceoe?e iaeaooiuei? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?; a
ci?no? ina?oe a noa?? ienoaoeoaa ? ia o?eueee canai?iiy iaaiiai
iaa/aeueiiai ?aia?ooa?o, a e aeoiaaiiy iniaeno?niiai, ioe?iiiai
noaaeaiiy c aieo nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a aei oai??a aeooiaii? ioceee, ??
iaee?aueo iaoe?iiaeueieo c?ace?a.
Ia?oee iai?yi aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe aoa ni?yiiaaiee ia iciaeiieaiiy
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a c oe?ieei eieii oai??a aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee
oe?a?inueeeo eiiiiceoi??a. I?ciaiiy nooaeaioaie oi?iaeo oai??a aeooiaii?
ioceee ye oe?e?niiai ooaeiaeiueiai yaeua aoei iia’ycaii ?c
ona?aeiieaiiyi eiai ci?noo. Ii/aoeiaa oyaa caaacia/oaaeanue aeoeai?noth
aiioe?eii? noa?e, aiioe?eiiai ?aaaoaaiiy, yea aeeth/aei ia?aaeon?i
oi?iiy neooiaiai aiae?co. Oea ni?eeiyooy a oe?eiio ioce/ii-ooaeiaeiueiai
ia?aco; ni?anoaaeaiiy cao/aiiy c ieioeei oa iiaeaeueoei; aiae?c
?ioiiaoe?eieo iniaeeainoae ioce/ieo oai??a, ui ? aiaeiaaie noa’?eoeaieo
aiioe?eieo noai?a.
Ia?oi/a?aiaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaaee ieoaiiy, iia’ycai? ?c ?icoi?iiyi
nooaeaioaie iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo – e?oa?aoo?iiai oa aaciina?aaeiuei
ioce/iiai a eiioaeno? ?ae?a?eiiai: iiaeeaeaia i?iieeiaiiy a eiai
ia?acii-aiioe?eiee no??e ye a ioceoe?, oae ? a noa?? aeooiaii?
ae?yeueiino?; noaa?euei?noue caa?aaeaiiy oe?ii?niiai iioaioe?aeo
ioce/ii-ia?acii? ?ioi?iaoe??; a oaeiae aeei?enoaiiy a iaa/aeuei?e
i?aeoeoe? i?iaeoeoeaieo ci?noiaieo, oai?/i ?i?oe?aoeaieo niinia?a ?iaioe
iaae ?aia?ooa?ii. Ana oea caaacia/eei iiceoeaio ?acoeueoaoeai?noue
aeoeaiiai ooaeiaeiueiai i?ciaiiy oeueiai aeaeo ienoaoeoaa.
O aeine?aeaeaii? ie aeoeaiooaaee oaaao nooaeaio?a ia oie oaeo,ui i?e
aea/aii? eiie?aoiiai oi?iaiai oai?o aeooiaii? ioceee a i?ioean?
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai iaa/aiiy c aee?eaoaaiiy iaiao?aeii i?iaiaeeoe
aiaeia?? c ?iaioith a oi?iaiio eieaeoea?: ni?anoaaeaiiy c oi?iaei
aeeiiaanoaii; “neooaiiy” oi?iai? cao/iino?; aa?aaeueiee iien
“i?enooiino?” oiai /e ?ioiai eieaeoeao, ie?aieo aeeiiaaoe?a-nie?no?a;
ia eiie?aoiiio caiyoo?; noai?aiiy iaaii? neooaoe??, ui i?iaeoo? “oi?iaa
aeeiiaanoai”. Aieiai? caaaeaiiy i?e noai?aii? oaeeo oiia aecia/aee ia
o?eueee caaacia/aiiy “eaac?i?ioan?eii?” oi?iaenoa?nueei? ae?yeueiino?,
aea e ineoieia?/i?e a?aeiia?aeiino? oeei oiiaai.
Ae?oaee iai?yi aoei aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe aoa ci???ioiaaiee ia
oi?ioaaiiy iaiao?aeieo aeey oi?iaenoa?a ioce/ieo oai?aoe/ieo ciaiue,
i?aeoe/ieo ai?iue uiaei cae?eniaiiy aeeiiaanueei? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oai??a
aeooiaii? oi?iai? niaaeueie oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee.
Iniiaieie caaaeaiiyie aenooieee noi?iiaai?noue oyaeaiue aoiai?noe/ii?
nooiino?, nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?ii? oe?iiino? oai??a aeooiaii? ioceee,
ii?aeueii-anoaoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo; aecia/aiiy cania?a ioce/ii?
ae?aciino?, ui ?ice?eaathoue ci?no ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aco, noi?iiaai?noue
ioce/ii-i?ioan?eieo ciaiue, i?aeoe/ieo oi?iue oa iaae/ie, iaiao?aeieo
iaeaooiueiio oi?iaenoa?o a eiai i?aeoe/i?e ae?yeueiino? ia iniia?
aeei?enoaiiy oi?iaeo iion?a aeooiaii? oe?a?inueei? ioceee.
A i?ioean? iaa/aiiy nooaeaio?a oaaaa iaaeaaaeanue oi?ioaaiith ciaiue
uiaei aoiai?noe/ii?, anoaoe/ii? oe?iiino? ienoaoeoaa aeooiaii? oi?iai?
ioceee, aeyaeaiiy no/anieo i?aeoiae?a aei ona?aeiieaiiy cia/ouino?
aeei?enoaiiy oeueiai aeaeo ienoaoeoaa a i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino?
iaeaooiueiai oi?iaenoa?a.
O?ao?e iai?yi aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe aoa ni?yiiaaiee ia aeeiiaiiy
nooaeaioaie-oi?iaenoa?aie ??cieo ca oeiieia??th iaa/aeueieo caaaeaiue.
Aiioe?eii-/ooo?aa ia?aaeeaaiiy o?nii iia’ycaia ?c cae?ai?noth nooaeaio?a
cae?enithaaoe eia?ei-iia?aoe?iiaeuei? ae??: ona?aeiieaiiy eia?/ii?
i?aai?caoe?? ioce/iiai iaoa??aeo ioce/ii? oi?ie, eiai cania?a, ui
?icaeaathoue nooi?noue ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aco. Ia iniia? aeeaeiiiai
aiae?co, neioaco, ii??aiyiiy, ni?anoaaeaiiy, ciaoiaeaeaiiy iiae?aiino?
oa ?ica?aeiinoae, anoaiiaeaiiy o?nieo ca’yce?a, caaacia/oaaeanue
i?iaeoeoeai?noue aiioe?eii-?ioaeaeooaeueii? ae?yeueiino?
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a.
Aeeiiaiiy nooaeaioaie i?ciaaaeueii-oai?/eo caaaeaiue aeiaaaei
?ioaineo?eaoe?? ioce/ii-oai?aoe/ieo, oaoiaeo ciaiue a aaeoc?
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee e aeooae?caoe?? niinia?a
iia?aoeaiiai ieneaiiy,ui ni?eyei na?aeiiiio canai?ii? ? cae??ieaii? ye
?ioaa?iaaieo ciaiue a noa?? ioce/iiai ienoaoeoaa acaaae? e oi?iaiai
cie?aia, oae e iaieiae?iiy i?ioeanoaeueiith noi?iiith i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? a oe?eiio. Ae??oaiiy caaaeaiue caaacia/eei i?iya eiiieaeno
oai?/eo yeinoae: aeueoa?iaoeai?noue, i?iaeaii?noue, ?ioaa?aeuei?noue,
ianoaiaea?oi?noue, aeoeai?noue, naiino?ei?noue, aio/e?noue ieneaiiy oa
oai?/i? oyae, oaioac??.
O i?ioean? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai oa eieaeoeaiiai iaa/aiiy
cai?iaaaeaeoaaeenue oiiae oai?/iai ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa. I?aeiniaeno?nia
ni?eeoaaiiy noai?thaaei oiiae aeey i?iaeoeoeaii? aca?iiae?? ia ??ai?
oai?/iai iiooeo o iaa/aii? nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a e aieeaaei ia
i?aeaeuaiiy i?ioan?eiiai ?ioa?ano aei iiaioaaiiy ieie ?aia?ooa?o
aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee. E??i oiai
aeei?enoiaoaaeenue ia?oeaioeaii-naini?i?, eiioeaiooaeueii-eia?/i?,
i?iaeaii? oa ioe?ieia? caaaeaiiy. Ia?oeaioeaii-naini?i? caaaeaiiy
aeeth/aee: aeoeaiooae?caoe?th ioce/ieo cae?aiinoae; noeioeyoe?th
ioce/ii-ia?aciiai ni?eeiaiiy; iaieiae?iiy caniaaie aiioe?eiiai canai?iiy
ci?noo oai??a aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei?
oeiee. Eiioeaiooaeueii-eia?/i? caaaeaiiy caaacia/oaaee aeoea?caoe?th
i?ioeano ioce/iiai ieneaiiy, oi?ioaaiiy ocaaaeueiaieo ciaiue uiaei
caeiiii??iinoae niaoeeo?ee oi?iaenoa?nueei? ae?yeueiino? ye iniaeeaiai
aeaeo ioceeoaaiiy; ?aia?ooa?o oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee
??cieo aeeiiaanueeeo aeai??a, noee?a, oi?i; ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo
aniaeo?a aca?iiae?? a i?ioean? eieaeoeaiiai ioceeoaaiiy. I?iaeaii?
caaaeaiiy aoee ni?yiiaai? ia oi?ioaaiiy iio?aae naiino?eiiai iiooeo
nooaeaio?a, ia?o ca ana a?aeai?o cania?a, ui aeei?enoiao? oi?iaenoa? o
?iaio? c oi?iaei eieaeoeaii: ?ice?eooth ooaeiaeiuei-ia?aciiai ci?noo
oai?o ia iniia? oe?e?niiai ioiieaiiy caaaeueii? ?aea?; eiie?aoecaoe??
ie?aieo aeeiiaanueei-oi?iaenoa?nueeeo i?eeii?a aeey aaeaeaaoii?
?aae?caoe?? eiioeaioe?? oai?o; noai?aiiy iniaeno?nii? ?ioa?i?aoaoe??.
Ioe?ieia? caaaeaiiy ni?eyee noi?iiaaiino? oi?iue e?eoe/ii ioe?ithaaoe
ioce/iee oa?? c oi?iaiai ?aia?ooa?o aeooiaii? ioceee oe?a?inueeeo
eiiiiceoi??a ieioeiai ? no/aniiai; aecia/aoe eiai ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/io
e ioce/ii-i?ioan?eio cia/ou?noue aeey oi?iaenoa?a; ?icaeaaoe
?ioa?i?aoaoe?ei? ioe?ii/i? noaeaeaiiy; aeyaeyoe iniaeno?nia noaaeaiiy
eiaeiiai nooaeaioa aei ienoaoeoaa oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai?
niaaeueie.
Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaa iiceoeai? c?ooaiiy o ?icaeoeo
oai?/eo yeinoae nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie ? ?o
i?aeaeuaiee ?ioa?an aei aeooiaii? oi?iai? niaaeueie oe?a?inueeeo
eiiiiceoi??a, a?eueia canoinoaaiiy caaaeueiieoeueoo?ieia?/ieo oa
caaaeueiiioce/ieo ciaiue ia i?aeoeoe?. Nooaeaioe aenia?eiaioaeueii?
a?oie aeyaeee a?eueoo oe?eani?yiiaai?noue oai?/eo iiooe?a o
a?aeiia?aeiino? aei anoaoe/ieo ii?i, ii?ae?, aoiai?cio, aeooiaiino?.
A?aei?/aii i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioa?ano nooaeaio?a aei o?einionueeeo,
?noi?e/ieo, ioce/ii-oai?aoe/ieo ciaiue, aei ci?noo aeooiaii? ioceee.
Aiie ona?aeiiethaaee oa iaaeaaaee ?icai?ioo? oa?aeoa?enoeee oaeeo
iiiyoue, ye “aeooiai?noue”, “?ae?a?ei?noue”, “no/ania ioce/ia
eoeueoo?a”, “aeooiaia oi?iaa ioceea”, “iaoe?iiaeueia niaaeueia”,
“oe?a?inueea eiiiiceoi?nueea oeiea”, ui iio?aaoaaei a?aeiia?aeiiaioaeiae
iaoeiaiai ocaaaeueiaiiy.
Nooaeaioe aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie i?iyaeyee a?eueoo iiooeiao
aeoeai?noue c aiioe?eii-/ooo?aith caaa?aeai?noth ae?e i?e ae??oaii?
??cieo ca oeiieia??th caaaeaiue, iniaeeai a i?ioean? ciaoiaeaeaiiy
naiino?eii? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ioce/iiai oai?o, o
?ice?eoo? nooiino? niaoeeo?/ieo yaeu, i?eoaiaiieo aeooiaiiio ienoaoeoao
caaaeyee ?ioaineai?e aiae?oe/i?e ?iaio?; aeaeee no?eeee ?ioa?an aei
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, onoaiiaee ia ca?eueoaiiy ??
ieoiii? aaae a iaa/aeueiiio ?aia?ooa??. Nooaeaioe eiio?ieueii? a?oie ia
iieacaee no?eeiai iai??o /anoi nie?aoeny ia oai?e oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii?
oi?iai? ioceee, oi/a e ia a?aeaa?oaee oaeiai i?aeoiaeo.
Nooaeaioe aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie e?aua i???iooaaeeny a ieoaiiyo
?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeiai aeooiaiiai oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa,
i?aee?anethth/e niaoeeo?eo iaoe?iiaeueieo i??i?eoao?a; i?iyaeyee
noi?iiaai? ?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino?: ai?iiy ?ice?eaaoe i?iaeaii? ieoaiiy,
iia”ycai? c iiaioaaiiyi caeiiii??iinoae oi?iai? aeooiaii? ioceee;
cae?enithaaee ?icoe?aiee ioce/ii-oai?aoe/iee oa aeeiiaanueeee aiae?c;
iaa?oioiaoaaee iniaeno?nio ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th. Nooaeaioe eiio?ieueii? a?oie
ia aeyaeyee aeinoaoiuei ciaiue a ?noi?e/iiio ?icaeoeo aeaiiai aeaeo
ienoaoeoaa, noi?iiaaieo oe?ii?nieo i???ioaoe?e aoiai?noe/iiai,
nioe?ieoeueoo?iiai ni?yioaaiiy; ia iiaee aecia/eoe iniiai? oaiaeaioe??
?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee c aeoeaioii ia niaoeeo?eo
iaoe?iiaeueiiai; i?e aeeiiaii? i?iaeaiieo caaaeaiue ia ae??ooaaee ?o
iine?aeiaii oa oe?eani?yiiaaii.
?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe aeiaaee, ui i?iaeaiii-iiooeiaee
i?aeo?ae i?e aea/aii? ??ciiieaiiaiai ?aia?ooa?o aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee
oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee iaa ?icaeaath/ee aoaeo uiaei
?ioaineaiiai oi?ioaaiiy oai?/eo yeinoae iaeaooi?o oao?aoe?a.
Aa??aoeai?noue aeei?enoaiiy caaaeaiue ??cieo oei?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia
aeeiiaiiy nooaeaioaie naiino?eieo oai?/eo ?ia?o c iaia”yceiaei
caeo/aiiyi eia?/ieo oa aiioe?eii-anoaoe/ieo oi?i iaei iiceoeaiee aieea
ia an? noa?e ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? ye ieooey, oi?iaenoa?a, ea??aieea
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/iai eieaeoeao. Aiioe?eii-ioe?ieiaa noaaeaiiy nooaeaio?a
aei i?ioeano i?ioan?eii-oi?iaenoa?nueei? ae?yeueiino?, a oaeiae
aiae?oe/ia ia?aaeaa/aiiy ?? ?acoeueoaoeaiino?, aieeioee ia ?icaeoie ?o
ianoaiaea?oiiai ieneaiiy, noi?iiaai?noue aeine?aeieoeueeeo oi?iue.
Ae??oaiiy ioce/ii-?ioaeaeooaeueieo caaaeaiue caaacia/eei ?icaeoie oaeeo
oai?/eo yeinoae ye: aoaeoeai?noue ?ica”ycaiiy i?iaeai a ienoaoeoa?
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, no?ee?noue i???ioaoe?e ia
io?eiaiiy iiaeo ciaiue a aeai?? oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee.
I?iaeaiii-aiae?oe/iee i?aeo?ae, ui aeei?enoiaoaaany iaie i?e aea/aii?
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, caaacia/ea iiceoeaio
?acoeueoaoeai?noue a oaeineiiaeaii? nenoaie ciaiue nooaeaio?a,
noi?iiaaiino? caaaeueieo ioce/ieo iiiyoue oa ae?e, cania?a
ioce/ii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?, caniiaai?e ia ?i?oe?aoea?,
naiino?eiino? oa oai?/ino?.
Nooaeaioe aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie aeyaeee aenieee ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino?
oai?/eo yeinoae ia eiioi?eaoeaiiio, ?ioa?aeoeaiiio, ia?oeaioeaiiio oa
iiaaae?ieiaiio ??aiyo. ?iaioa c oi?iaei eieaeoeaii nooaeaio?a
eiio?ieueii? a?oie iia”ycoaaeanue ia?aaaaeii c ?ai?iaeoeoeaiei
oa?aeoa?ii i?aaeiaoii-iia?aoe?eii? no?oeoo?e ae?yeueiino?, oi?ie ?o
ni?eueii? ae?yeueiino? aoee iaeiiieaiia? “ca c?aceii”, i?iaeoeoeai?noue
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? aca?iiae?? ia aoea cao?eniaaia, a ni?a?ia?oieoeoai
?aae?ciaoaaeiny ia ?i?oaoe?eiiio ??ai? c i?aeo?eieith. Nooaeaioe
aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie aeyaeee no?ee? ciaiiy, ai?iiy, iaae/ee uiaei
canoinoaaiiy cania?a ni?eueii? ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?;
i?iyaeyee ?iaa??aio?noue “i?ioan?eiiai aoooy” iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a,
i?ioan?eio na?aeii?noue, eiiiaoaio?noue; /?oei ie?anethaaee aeiiae uiaei
i?aeaioiaee oa i?iaaaeaiiy ?aiaoeoe?eieo caiyoue, iiaoaiiiai ieaioaaiy
?iaioe, iia”ycaio c aea/aiiyi ?aia?ooa?o aeooiaii? ioceee ii ia?o?yo,
i?e?i-a?oiao (ainaiaeyo), anueiai eieaeoeao. Aoaeoeai?noue i?ioeano
oai?/iai ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa cae?enithaaeanue caaaeyee ona?aeiieaiiio
aeai?o nooaeaioaie niaoeeo?/ieo cania?a aiioe?eii-anoaoe/iiai eiioaeoo,
aeoea?caoe?? ?ioaeaeooaeueieo ii/ooo?a, oai?/iai i?aeianaiiy oa
ni?eueiiai iaooiaiiy o/aniee?a oeueiai aeeaeaeoe/iiai ae?aeiao..
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui nooaeaioe aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie i?iyaeee
?icaeiai?noue ioce/iiai neooo a eiai ??ciiaeaeao: caoeiaenioiiai,
iaeiaee/iiai, aa?iii?/iiai, iie?oii?/iiai, oaia?i-aeeiai?/iiai,
oaeoo?iiai, aioo??oiueiai. Iciaeith yeino? ioce/iiai neooo aenooieee:
/?oe?noue ni?eeiyooy oa a?aeoai?aiiy caoeiaenioieo niieo/aiue. Aeeiiaiiy
nooaeaioaie aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie oai??a oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii?
oi?iai? ioceee aecia/aeiny aenieith caoeiaenioiith, oaia?aeueiith
/ooeea?noth, ui iaaeaei iiaeeea?noue eiinoaooaaoe noi?iiaai?noue ai?iue
ona?aeiieaiiai a?ae/oooy ieie aaaaoiaieinii? oaeoo?e, aa?iii?eii?
no?oeoo?e. Nooaeaioe aenia?eiaioaeueii? a?oie, nie?ath/enue ia
oai?aoe/i? ?ic?iaee uiaei oai??? ioce/iiai ?eoio OO noie?ooy, oni?oii
?ice?eaaee eiino?oeoeai? aeaiaioe aeoaea neeaaeieo ioce/ieo oai??a
no/anieo eiiiiceoi??a.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe ?ai?acaioiaai?
iieacieeaie e?euee?niiai aiae?co caeiaooeo aeaieo o naeoi?i?e ae?aa?ai?
1.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeei, ui ia ii/aoeiaiio iaaeaaia?/iiio c??c?
eiio?ieueia a?oia oa aenia?eiaioaeueia ia iaee nooo?ai? ??cieoe? uiaei
?icaeiaieo oai?/eo yeinoae, ine?eueee aeii?ioaaa iecueeee oa na?aaei?e
??aaiue.
Ae?aa?aia
Aeeiai?ea noi?iiaaiino? oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a.
Ia i?ii?aeiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio c??c? nooo?ai i?inoaaeoaaeeny ci?ie a
aenia?eiaioaeuei?e a?oi?, a eiio?ieuei?e – iacia/i?. Ia i?aenoieiaiio
aoai? aeeiai?/i?noue ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e a?oi?
aeyaeaia a?eueo ia aenieiio, i?ae ia na?aaeiueiio ??ai?. A oie aea /an
iecueeiai ??aiy ia cao?eniaaii.
A eiio?ieuei?e a?oi? c?ooaiiy iaee i?noea, aea ia?aa?ao a?ae iecueeiai
aei na?aaeiueiai e iacia/ii? e?eueeino? aei aeuiai. E?euee?ni? iieacieee
i?aeoaa?aeeee aoaeoeai?noue ?ic?iaeaii? iaie iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy
oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii?
oi?iai? ioceee.
Ocaaaeueiaiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaei iiaeeea?noue
noi?ioethaaoe oae? aeniiaee:
1. No/ani? caaaeaiiy ?aoi?ioaaiiy ina?oe i???ioothoue ia i?aeaeuaiiy
ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a o nenoai? aeui? aoiai?oa?ii?
ina?oe ia oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i? iniaenoino? oi?iaenoa?a, ni?iiiaeii?
cae?enieoe iie?ooieoe?iiaeueio ae?yeuei?no? a nioe?ieoeueoo?iiio
na?aaeiaeu?.
2. Aeooiaia ioceea oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei? oeiee yaey? niaith
niaoeeo?/ia, oi?eaeueia yaeua ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e, ui aieeaa? ia
na?oiaeyaei? iiceoe?? iaeaooiueiai oi?iaenoa?a, ia ?icaeoie eiai
ioce/ii-i?ioan?eiiai iioaioe?aeo. Aeooiaia ioceea ? aoaeoeaiei caniaii
oi?ioaaiiy oai?/eo yeinoae oao?aoey e a?aee?eaa? iioeiaeuei? oeyoe
oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee niaoe?ae?no?a o
aeu?e oeie?.
3. Ia iniia? oai?aoe/iiai aiae?co o?einionueei?,
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii?, ioceeiciaa/i? e?oa?aoo?e oa ocaaaeueiaiiy
aeina?aeo oi?iaenoa?nueei? i?aeoeee aoei ooi/iaii iiiyooy “oai?/? yeino?
oi?iaenoa?a”. Oai?/? yeino? oi?iaenoa?a – oea ooai?aiiy, yea o nai?e
noeoiiino? oa aeeiai?/iiio ?icaeoeo iaoiiaeth? ?aae?caoe?th
iniaeno?niiai oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo a iie?aniaeoi?e noa?? ooaeiaeiuei?
ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa?a: oe?ii?nii-i???ioaoe?ei?e,
iioeaaoe?eii-i?ciaaaeuei?e, ?ioi?iaoe?eii-i???ioaoe?ei?e,
aeine?aeieoeuee?e, eiioi?eaoeai?e, aiioe?eii-aieueia?e,
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/?e.
4. Aoaeoeai?noue ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae iaeaooiueiai oi?iaenoa?a
caeaaeeoue a?ae aeei?enoaiiy oe?iei? iae?o?e oai??a oe?a?inueei?
aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee e oe?eani?yiiaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ea??aieoeoaa
oeei i?ioeanii c aeei?enoaiiyi iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia, ui iiina?aaeeiaaii
niiioeaee nooaeaio?a aei ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?.
5. No/ania i?aeoeea na?ae/eoue i?i iayai?noue o a?eueoino?
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a iaaeinoaoiueiai ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? oai?/eo
yeinoae, ui iaaaoeaii aieeaa? ia ??aaiue ioce/ii? i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a
aeui? eaae?o?eaoe??; iaaeinoaoi?i ona?aeiieaiiyi aeiia uiaei iaeaooiuei?
oi?iaenoa?nueei? ae?yeueiino? oa aeanieo oai?/eo yeinoae; ianeaiei
noaaeaiiyi aei aeooiaii? oi?iai? niaaeueie oe?a?inueei? eiiiiceoi?nueei?
oeiee; o?aaiaioa?ieie ciaiiyie a oeueiio aeae? ienoaoeoaa;
iaaaeaeaaoi?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ??cieo aeae?a ae?yeueiino? c
i???ioaoe??th ia aoaeoeaiee ?icaeoie oai?/eo iiaeeeainoae.
6. E?eoa??aeueii-??aiaaei aecia/aiiyi ?icaeiaiino? oai?/eo yeinoae o
iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a aenooiathoue: ona?aeiieaiiy aoiai?noe/ii?
nooiino? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee, ?? cia/ouino? aeey ?icaeoeo oai?/eo
yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a; noi?iiaai?noue nenoaie ioce/ieo
ciaiue, i?aeoe/ieo oi?iue oa iaae/ie ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy oe?ieiai
ae?aiaciio ??ciiaeai?iaeo oai??a oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee;
oa?aeoa? i?iyao oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino?: oe?ii?nii-i???ioaoe?eii?,
iioeaaoe?eii-i?ciaaaeueii?, ?ioi?iaoe?eii-i???ioaoe?eii?,
aeine?aeieoeueei?, eiioi?eaoeaii?, aiioe?eii-aieueiai? oa
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa?a.
7. ?ic?iaeaia oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??aia iaoiaeeea ?icaeoeo oai?/eo
yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai?
ioceee, caaacia/eea aoaeoeai?noue ?o ioce/ii-i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee.
8. I?iaeaia ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a iio?aao?
ia?ainieneaiiy ae?yeueiino? aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a uiaei
i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a c o?aooaaiiyi no/anieo aeiia ooaeiaeiuei?
i?aeoeee.
I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ia ae/a?io? ?icaeyiooi? i?iaeaie. Iiaeaeueoa
aea/aiiy iio?aao?: iaa?oiooaaiiy oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia
aca?iiae?? ienoaoeoaa oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee c ?ioeie
aeaeaie ienoaoeoa a nenoai? aeui? aoiai?oa?ii? ina?oe; ?ic?iaee aeaii?
i?iaeaie noiniaii niaoeeo?ee ?ino?oiaioaeueiiai aeeiiaanoaa oa
i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a oeueiai i?io?eth; ?ice?eooy ieoaiue uiaei
oi?ioaaiiy oai?/iai ?ioaeaeooaeueiiai iioaioe?aeo oao?aoe?a caniaaie
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee; iiooeo oa eiie?aoecaoe?? iiaeo
iaoiaeee uiaei ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a iaa/aeueio i?aeoeeo oe?a?inueeiai
aeooiaiiai oi?iaiai ienoaoeoaa.
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeaii o i’yoe iaeiiin?aieo
ioae?eaoe?yo:
1. Aeei?enoaiiy oe?a?inueei? oi?iai? niaaeueie o oi?ioaaii?
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/eo yeinoae nooaeaio?a. //Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie oai???
ioceee oa ioce/iiai aeoiaaiiy: Ca. iaoe. i?.– E., 1997.– N.79-85.
2. No?oeoo?i? eiiiiiaioe oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino?. //Aeooaeuei?
i?iaeaie oai??? ioceee oa ioce/iiai aeoiaaiiy: Ca. iaoe. i?. /?aae. eie.
TH.E.Aoaianue?a oa ?i.– E.:EAeOE?I, 1998.– N.145-157.
3. Ae??a?noue iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy oai?/eo yeinoae o
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oi?iai? aeooiaii? ioceee. //Ca. iaoe.
noaoae Iaoe?ii. iaae. oi-oo ?i. I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa /Oee. I.A.Aeieo?aiei,
?.I.Eia/eia, I.I.Nei?iaaaaoueei.– E.: IIO, 1999.– *. 4.– N.172-179.
4. Nenoaia ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino?. Iiaa iaaeaaia?/ia
aeoiea //Iaoe.-iaoiae. aeo?iae. – 1999. – ? 3 (19). – N.70-73.
5. Iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae oi?ioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o
nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a. Iaoea ? no/ani?noue: Ca. iaoe. i?. Iaoe. iaae.
oi-oo ?i. I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa. – E.: Eiain, 1999. – * O-193. – N.149-154.
Inoaiaiei E.A. ?icaeoie oai?/eo yeinoae o nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a
caniaaie oe?a?inueei?aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.02. – oai??y oa iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy ioceee
? ioce/iiai aeoiaaiiy. – Ee?a/ueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao
eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa, Ee?a, 1999.
A aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyaea?oueny i?iaeaia ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o
iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a ia iniia? i?iaeoeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy
oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee. Cae?eniaii oai?aoe/iee aiae?c
aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie a iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo??, iaaeaii ?ao?iniaeoeaiee
aiae?c ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai? ioceee e aecia/aia ??
cia/ou?noue aeey ?icaeoeo oai?/eo yeinoae o nooaeaio?a-oi?iaenoa??a,
aecia/aii eiiieaen oai?/eo yeinoae iniaenoino? a no?oeoo?? ae?yeueiino?
oi?iaenoa?a.
?ic?iaeaia oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iaoaaia iaoiaeeea ?icaeoeo oai?/eo
yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oi?iaenoa??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? aeooiaii? oi?iai?
ioceee oa aecia/aia aoaeoeai?noue cae?eniaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aeiaaaeaia aaaeeea?noue caeiaooeo aeaieo aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo
ioce/ii? iaaeaaia?/ii? oai??? oa i?aeoeee.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: oai?/? yeino? oi?iaenoa?a, oai?/a iniaeno?noue,
ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/a ae?yeuei?noue, no?oeoo?a ae?yeueiino? oi?iaenoa?a,
oe?a?inueea aeooiaia oi?iaa ioceea, iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae.
Inoaiaiei E.A. ?acaeoea oai?/aneeo ea/anoa o nooaeaioia-oi?iaenoa?ia i?e
iiiiue oe?aeineie aeooiaiie oi?iaie iocuee.– ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.02.– oai?ey e iaoiaeeea i?aiiaeaaaiey
iocuee e iaoiaeeea iocueaeueiiai ainieoaiey.– Eeaaneee iaoeeiiaeueiue
oieaa?neoao eoeueoo?e e eneonnoa, Eeaa, 1999.
A aeenna?oaoeee ?anniao?eaaaony i?iaeaia ?acaeoey oai?/aneeo ea/anoa o
aoaeoueo oi?iaenoa?ia ia iniiaa i?iaeoeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey oe?aeineie
aeooiaiie oi?iaie iocuee. Inouanoaeai oai?aoe/aneee aiaeec enneaaeoaiie
i?iaeaiu a iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a, aeai ?ao?iniaeoeaiue aiaeec ?acaeoey
oe?aeineie aeooiaiie oi?iaie iocuee, aa cia/aiea a ?acaeoee oai?/aneeo
ea/anoa o nooaeaioia-oi?iaenoa?ia, ii?aaeaeai eiiieaen oai?/aneeo
ea/anoa ee/iinoe a no?oeoo?a aeayoaeueiinoe oi?iaenoa?a.
?ac?aaioaia e yenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iae?iaaia iaoiaeeea ?acaeoey
oai?/aneeo ea/anoa aoaeoueo oi?iaenoa?ia iin?aaenoaii oe?aeineie
aeooiaiie oi?iaie iocuee e aeieacaia aaaeiinoue iieo/aiuo aeaiiuo.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oai?/aneea ea/anoaa oi?iaenoa?a, oai?/aneay ee/iinoue,
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-oai?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, no?oeoo?a aeayoaeueiinoe
oi?iaenoa?a, oe?aeineay aeooiaiay oi?iaay iocuea, iaaeaaiae/aneea
oneiaey.
Ostapenko Larissa V. The development of students – choir directors
creative qualities by means of the Ukrainian spiritual choral music. The
manuscript.
The dissertation on competing a scientific degree of the candidate of
pedagogical sciences by a speciality 13.00.02 – Theory and Methods of
Musical Training and Musical Education. Kyiv National University of
Culture and Arts, Kyiv, 1999.
In the research the theoretical analysis of the development of students
– choir directors creative qualities by means of the Ukrainian spiritual
choral music as a scientific problem is done; the methodological
concepts in investigations of the native and foreign scientific schools
are substantiated. The inter-disciplinary nature of the problem is
determined as well as the necessity to integrate different researches,
and moreover to maintain the researching algorithm as from general to
partial, from general methodology – to elaboration of the concrete
researching programme.
In the dissertation the principal and conceptual positions of
philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and musical studies are taken
into consideration: the social essence and content of creativity are
discovered, the approaches onto the understanding of the creativity
phenomenon are cleared up and grouped, the concept of “creativity” ,
which is investigated in two principal directions – processional and
personal – is substantiated.
The terms “creativity”, “creative activity”, “creative and artistic
activity” are analysed as components within the problem of “creative
qualities”/
The indivisible component for the development of creative qualities of a
person are: spiritual, values-oriented, aesthetic, moral, artistic –
creative are integrated into a system of choir directors professional
training by means of Ukrainian spiritual choral music. The following
components are synthesized: musical abilities, musical memory, musical
hearing, musical thinking, tempometrorythm, which are determined as
integral qualities of a person.
The retrospective analysis of Ukrainian spiritual choral music is
represented, its specificity is underlined, the influence of spiritual
music to education, up-bringing of the creative personality, development
of individual creative qualities is actualized.
Comprehension of the historical tendencies of spiritual choral
music in Ukraine as the process of establishing the specific kind of
choral singing promoted new understanding of national values, which are
accumulated in this kind of art. In such aspect Ukrainian spiritual
choral music is considered as a method of cognitive activity, as a
certain type of of social and information system, which has a
multifunctional character of inter-subjective interaction, directs the
person on mastering the prior human and artistic values, and is directed
on activating of his creative potential. The perception, understanding
and comprehension of spiritual choral music by the Ukrainian composers’
school act as the important factor of educating, intellectual and moral
skills within the artistic and creative activities of the future choir
director.
In thea research the complex of creative qualities of the person
within the structure of choir director activity is determined:
values-oriented, motivational and cognitive, information-oriented,
research, communicative, emotional and willed, artistic and creative.
Due to results of stating experiment the most characteristic defaults
in the musical professional training of the choir directors are
determined. Three levels in the up-bringing of personal creative
qualities in a structure of choir director activity (high, middle, low)
are determined and characterized.
The technique of forming experiment was based on the pedagogical
conditions previously determined (stepping, variations of forms,
actualization of the acquired knowledge in musical theory, pedagogical
interaction on the basis of dialogue, engaging into dialogue,
independent work of students), and on putting into the educational
process perceptional and sensory, conceptual and logic, problem-solving
and estimating tasks, and also individualization and differentiation of
trainind. The realization of the tasks has provided the manifestation of
a complex of creative qualities: alternativity, problem-solving,
integrativity, non-standard thinking, activity, independence,
flexibility of thinking and creative imagination, fantasy etc.
The analysis of the research results has shown positive
modifications in the development of choir directors creative qualities
in the experimental group of students and their increased interest to a
spiritual choral inheritance of Ukrainian composers. The research has
shown, that at an starting pedagogical level the experimental and
control groups also had little if any essential difference in a degree
of creative qualities up-bringing, as far as low and average levels
dominated there.
On an intermediate pedagogical shear the modifications in
experimental group are essentially traced, in control group they were
insignificant. On a final stage the dynamic in the development of
creative qualities in experimental group is determined more on a high
level, than on middle one. At the same time low level is not fixed.
In the control group modifications took place, but in a sequence
from low up to middle level and in non-sufficient amount – up to a
highest level. The quantitative parameters have confirmed the efficiency
of the technique, developed by the author, of up-bringing the creative
qualities of prospective choir directors by means of Ukrainian spiritual
choral music.
On the basis of the executed research the conclusions are made.
Key word: creative qualities of choir director, creative personality,
artistic and creative activities, structure of choir director activity,
Ukrainian spiritual choral music, pedagogical conditions.
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