Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao
aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e
Oa?aaeae Iooaiiaae OONNAEI Aaana?
OAeE 624.046: 539.376
?ic?aooiie iano/eo nenoai aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo
aoaeeie?a c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo
05.23.17 – aoae?aaeueia iaoai?ea
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee Iaeanueei?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e. I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
ss?aiaiei Ieaenaiae? Oaaei?iae/.
Iaeanueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
A?eoei Aieiaeeie? Ieaenaiae?iae/.
Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee ii?nueeee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e iii?o
iaoa??ae?a ? aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee.
– eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
E??iae Aaea??e Aeaieniae/.
Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e,
aeioeaio eaoaae?e cae?ciaaoiiieo ? eai’yieo eiino?oeoe?e
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – I?eaei?i?ianueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y
aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, eaoaae?a aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee, I?iina?oe
Oe?a?ie, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ( 15 ( aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo i ( 1300 ( aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? a/aii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 26.056.04 i?e Ee?anueeiio
iaoe?iiaeueiiio oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e (EIOAA) ca
aae?anith: 252037, i. Ee?a, Iia?o?ioeionueeee i?ini., 31.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe? EIOAA ca
aae?anith: 252037, i. Ee?a, Iia?o?ioeionueeee i?ini., 31.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ( 13 ( aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
e.o.i., n.i.n. Eia??a A. A.
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A ca’yceo c c?inoaiiyi aeiia aei a?o?oaeoo?e
oeea?eueieo ? i?iieneiaeo aoaeeie?a ? i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? caaoae?ae? i?no
iaiao?aeii iiaeaeueoa aaeineiiaeaiiy eiino?oeoeaieo ??oaiue. I/aaeaeiei
? ia?ao?ae a?ae o?aaeeoe?eieo ?ic?aooieiaeo noai aoaeeie?a ? nii?oae, a
yeeo iano/? eiino?oeoe?? i?aoeththoue ii iaei?ino?o?e noai?, aei
neeaaeieo ieineeo ? i?inoi?iaeo nenoai.
Aaaaoiiiaa?oiaee aoaeeiie yaey? niaith ?aeeio i?inoi?iao nenoaio, yea
neeaaea?oueny c aa?oeeaeueieo iano/eo eiino?oeoe?e, ia’?aeiaieo ca
aeiiiiiaith ia?ae?eooue. Iaiao?aei?noue iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo aaaaoi-iiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a coiiaeaia iaiao?aei?noth
cieaeaiiy iaoa??aeii?noeino?, i?e iaeii/aniiio caaacia/aii? iaae?eiino?
? aeiaaia?/iino?.
Oeth caaea/o iiaeia /anoeiai ae??oeoe aaea ia noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy,
aeei?enoiaoth/e no/ani? caniae ?ic?aooieo eiino?oeoe?e, ui aeeth/athoue
a naaa a?aooaaiiy ?aaeueieo aeanoeainoae aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a,
canoinoaaiiy a?eueo aeineiiaeeo ?ic?aooieiaeo noai, a yeeo aoaeeiie
?icaeyaea?oueny ye ?aeeia i?inoi?iaa nenoaia. A?aeiia?aei? ?ic?aooiee
iiaeooue aooe aeeiiai? ca aeiiiiiaith no/anii? ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee.
Caaaeath/e ia neacaia, i/aaeaeia aeooaeuei?noue oaie, ca’ycaii? c
?ic?iaeith ? aaeineiiaeaiiyi iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo iano/eo eiino?oeoe?e
aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino?.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie ieaiaie aeaaeai??. ?iaioa aeeiiaia a
a?aeiia?aeiino? c ieaiii iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe eaoaae?e
aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee Iaeanueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e ia 1996–2000 .?.?. ii i?iaeai? “Aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo o?eaaei? aeaoi?iaoeaiinoe, no?eeino? ? iano/i? caeaoiino?
nii?oae”, ?icae?e 1.3.2.
Iaoa ?iaioe. ?icaeoie iaoiaeee ?ic?aooieo eaniiieo ia?ae?eooue ia iniia?
eiino?oeoeaii – i?oio?iiii? ?ic?aooieiai? iiaeae? ? aa?oeeaeueieo
iano/eo eiino?oeoe?e aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a ia iniia?
aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueii? ?ic?aooieiai? iiaeae?, ui a?aoiaothoue
iiaco/?noue aaoiio.
Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue. Iaiao?aeii ?ic?iaeoe:
??aiyiiy ? iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo ca??ii-iiiie?oieo cae?ciaaoiiieo
eaniiieo ia?ae?eooue c eaaae?aoieie ? o?eeooieie eaniiaie c o?aooaaiiyi
iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo;
iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo iano/eo nenoai aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a ye
niieo/aieo noa?aei?a c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo;
i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy aeey ia?niiaeueieo eiii’thoa??a.
Iaoeiao iiaecio ?iaioe neeaaeathoue:
??aiyiiy aeey ?ic?aooieo ia?ae?eooue c o?eeooieie eaniiaie; iaoiaeeea
a?aooaaiiy iiia?aaeiueiai iai?oaeaiiy ? iiaco/ino? aaoiio a ?ic?aooieao
ca??ii-iiiie?oieo ia?ae?eooue c eaaae?aoieie ? o?eeooieie eaniiaie;
iaoiaeeea a?aooaaiiy iiaco/ino? a ?ic?aooieo iano/eo nenoai
aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a ? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy aeey ?? ?aae?caoe??;
aiae?c ?iciiae?eo coneeue ? ia?ai?uaiue a eaniiieo ia?ae?eooyo ?
aa?oeeaeueieo iano/eo eiino?oeoe?yo aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a i?e
ei?ioei/anieo ? o?eaaeeo iaaaioaaeaiiyo ? aieeaao.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe:
?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo aeiaaaeai? aei ?aae?caoe?? a i?ia?aiao
aeey ia?niiaeueieo eiii’thoa??a. Oea aeicaiey? aeeiiaoe aenia?oio
ioe?ieo eiino?oeoe?e aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a ? cai?ieoe /anoeio
iaoo?ieo aenia?eiaio?a /enaeueieie;
iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo iano/eo nenoai aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a c
a?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? aoea aeei?enoaia a 1997-98 ?ieao Aea?aeaaiei
i?iaeoii-aeooeoaaeueiei oa iaoeiai-aeine?aeiei ?inoeoooii ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?oo “*I?IIII?IAe?I?IAEO” i. Iaeane. ? Iaeanueei? aea?aeaaii?
aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e o o/aiaiio i?ioean?.
A??ia?aei?noue iniiaieo iaoeiaeo iieiaeaiue ? ?acoeueoao?a
caaacia/o?oueny:
aeai?ii ai?iaiaaieo, c iiceoe?e aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee, ?ic?aooieiaeo
noai eiino?oeoe?e;
a?aeiia?aei?noth ?acoeueoao?a ?ic?aooieo eiino?oeoe?e, io?eiaieo ca
aeiiiiiaith i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy aaoi?a, a?aeiiei c e?oa?aoo?e
?ica’yceai (a “i?oaei?e” iinoaiiaoe?), a oaeiae aenia?eiaioaeueiei
aeaiei.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a:
??aiyiiy ? iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo ca??ii-iiiie?oieo cae?ciaaoiiieo
ia?ae?eooue c eaaae?aoieie ? o?eeooieie eaniiaie, ui a?aoiaothoue
iiaco/?noue aaoiio, oa?oaao?noue ? iiia?aaei? iai?oaeaiiy aaeie
ei?ioeiai iai?yieo; ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo ? ?o aiae?c;
iaoiaeeea a?aooaaiiy iiaco/ino? aaoiio a ?ic?aooieao iano/eo
eiino?oeoe?e aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoae?aaeue; i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy;
?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo, aiae?c iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noiio.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe??
aoee aeieeaaeai? ? iaaiai?ai? ia:
XLI iaoe?iiaeuei?e eiioa?aioe?? Iieueu? “Iaoeiai-aeine?aei? i?iaeaie
aoae?aieoeoaa”, E?eieoey, 1996 ?.;
i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee cae?ciaaoiio”,
Iieoaaa, 1997 ?;
?anioae?eainuee?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie aiaeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa”,??aia,1997 ?;
iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo Iaeanueei?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e a 1996 – 1998 ?.?.
60 – ? iaoeiai – i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? EIOAA 1999 ?.
Ioae?eaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a ainueie noaooyo,
iii?uaieo a ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo ?ia?o.
Ianya aeena?oaoe?? ? ?? no?oeoo?a. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
/ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ? aeiaeaoe?a. Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe??
164 noi??iie, a oiio /ene? oaaeeoeue – 17, ?enoie?a – 36, aeei?enoaieo a
?iaio? e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae – 92 iaeiaioaaiue, aeiaeaoe?a – 17
noi??iie.
CI?NO ?iaioe
?icaeoeo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo eiino?oeoe?e, a yeeo i?eeiathoueny aei
oaaae iai?oaei? aeaoi?iaoe??, i?enay/ai? ?iaioe N.A.
Aeaenaiae?ianueeiai, ?.I.Aaae/a, A.ss. Aa?aoeeiaa, A.A. Aia?ia,
I.?.Aaneeue?aa, I.I. Aaicae?aa, A.A.Ai?aeoey, I.A. Aieeoaaa, A.A.
A?eoeia, I.O.Ae?icaeiaa, I.?. Ea?iaiei, ss.Ae.E?aoeoea, ?.?.I?ieiiiae/a,
TH.I. ?aaioiiaa, A.?. ?aeai?oeeia, ?.?. Oeeoeueeiai, ?.I. Ua?aaeiaa,
I.O. ss?aiaiea, ?.A. ssoeaiea ? ?ioeo o/aieo.
Aeey ?ic?aooieo aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e oe?iei canoino?oueny oai??y
iiaco/ino?, iacaaia niaaeei?iiith oai???th noa??iiy aai oai???th
A.I.Ianeiaa – I.O.A?oothiyia, a oaeiae ni?iuai? aa??aioe oe??? oai??? –
oai??y i?oaeii? niaaeei?iiino? ? oai??y noa??iiy.
?ica’ycie caaea/ e?i?eii? oai??? iiaco/ino? cae/aeii caiaeeoueny aei
?ica’yceo e?aeiaeo caaea/, iienaieo ?ioaa?i-aeeoa?aioe?aeueieie
??aiyiiyie c aeeoa?aioe?aeueieie iia?aoi?aie ii eii?aeeiaoao ?
?ioaa?aeueieie iia?aoi?aie ii /ano.
Ca?aeii i?eioeeia Aieueoa??a, ?ica’ycie iiae?aiiai aeaeo e?i?eieo
??aiyiue aeeiio?oueny oae, iaiia ae ?ioaa?aeuei? niaaeei?ii? iia?aoi?e
aoee a eiinoaioaie, ? eeoa a inoaoi/iiio ?acoeueoao? oe? eiinoaioe ciiao
cai?iththoueny iia?aoi?aie.
Ca’ycie i?ae aeaoi?iaoe?yie ? iai?oaeaiiyie aeey ?icoyao – noeneo ?
e?i?eii? iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo iiaea aooe caienaiee o aeaeyae?:
, (1)
aea A – iiaeoeue i?oaeiino?;
E* – R* – ?ioaa?aeuei? iia?aoi?e.
sseui iicia/eoe
, (2)
, (3)
.
, a oaeiae eiiooaoeaiino? iia?aoe?e ?ioaa?oaaiiy ii /ano ?
aeeoa?aioe?thaaiiy ii eii?aeeiaoao. Oe? oiiae aeeiiothoueny, yeui yae?i
?ioaa?aeueiiai iia?aoi?a ??cieoeaaa.
Ca??ii-iiiie?oi? eaniii? ia?ae?eooy, ?ic?iaeai? i?io. Ai?aeoeai A.A,
iiioothoueny ia aaeeao, anoaiiaeaieo acaeiaae ei?ioeiai iai?yieo
i?ei?uaiiy, c iaeiioeiieo oiieino?iieo eaaae?aoieo aai o?eeooieo
ei?ia/aoeo aeaiaio?a – eanii?a. A i?inoi?? i?ae ?aa?aie eanii?a
anoaiiaeth?oueny ? caiiiie?/o?oueny ?iai/a a?iaoo?a (?en.1.).
Iien iiaaae?iee oaeeo eiino?oeoe?e a ?aieao eiioeioaeueii? ?ic?aooieiai?
iiaeae? i?eaiaeeoue aei aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ??aiyiue a iiiaeeiieeo
iio?aeieo c ?ic?eaieie aai ia??iaee/ii ci?iieie aei?noeinoyie.
Aaciina?aaei?e ?ica’ycie ?o /enaeueieie iaoiaeaie iaeiaoaeoeaiee. A
ca’yceo c oeei a ?iaeaia?ieo ?ic?aooieao oe?iea canoinoaaiiy ciaeoea
noaia eiino?oeoeaii? i?oio?ii??. A a?aeiia?aeiino? c oe??th noaiith
ia??iaee/ii iaiaeii??aeia ieanoeiea cai?ith?oueny aeaaeeith, c aeayeeie
iaaaaeaieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie aei?noeino?. sseui ?aaa? aaaaoi, a
iai?oaeaiee noai ci?ith?oueny iiaie? (iai?eeeaae, i?e ae??
??aiii??ii-?iciiae?eaiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy), oi eiino?oeoeaii – i?oio?iiia
noaia aea? aeia?? ?acoeueoaoe.
O?eaae? i?iaeie ( ieanoeiee, aei yei? i?eeeaaeaia iaaaioaaeaiiy
?ioaineaiino? q ? e?aeia? coneeey ?ioaineaiino? N0, iiaeooue aooe
ciaeaeai? c ianooiiiai ?ioaa?i – aeeoa?aioe?aeueiiai ??aiyiiy:
. (4)
A aeiaaeeo eaniiiiai ia?ae?eooy, cia?aaeaiiai ia ?en.1, aei?noeino?
iiaeooue aooe aecia/ai? oaeei /eiii:
, (5)
. (6)
(i = y, n = r).
Caeiaeuei? iiiaioe Mx, My ? e?ooiee iiiaio Myx aecia/athoueny a?aeiieie
oi?ioeaie. Caeiaeuei? iiiaioe a iai?yieo in? n a aaeeao, ?icoaoiaaieo
i?ae eooii ( aei in? x, iiaeia aecia/eoe oae:
. (7)
sseui ieanoeiea a?eueii iia?oa ii anueiio eiioo?o, oi ?ica’ycie ??aiyiiy
(4) iiaea aooe aeeiiaiee oei aea niiniaii, ui a aeiaaeeo ?cio?iiii?
ieanoeiee. A?i acyoee o aeaeyae? iiaea?eiiai o?eaiiiiao?e/iiai ?yaeo
(?ica’ycie Iaa’?):
. (8)
A aeiaaeeo, eiee aei e?a?a ieanoeiee, ia?aeaeueieo in? x, i?eeeaaeai?
??aiii??ii ?iciiae?eai? iiiaioe M0, i?iaeie ( iiaeii? caaeiaieueiyoe
iaeii??aeiiio ??aiyiith:
. (9)
Ooo canoiniaaiee ?ica’ycie Eaa? o aeaeyae? ii iaeeiieiai
o?eaiiiiao?e/iiai ?yaeo.
. (10)
=2,4(107 eI/i2 ? ?ici??aie iiia?a/iiai ia?aoeio bx(hx=0,24(0,6 i; e?ie
oeeo aaeie b1=2 i. Ieeoe ia?ae?eooy aeaioiaeai? c aaoiio eeano B25;
oiaueia ieeoe hi=0,05 i. Caaaeueia aoae?aaeueia aenioa ia?ae?eooy
aei??aith? 0,6 i, eiao?oe??io Ioanniia (=0,2.
A ?acoeueoao? aeine?ae?a, aeeiiaieo i?io. Ai?aeoeai A.A. ia eaoaae??
aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e Euea?anueei? iie?oaoi?ee, anoaiiaeaii, ui
iaeneiaeueiee i?iaei oeaio?o ia?ae?eooy aei??aith? 16ii.
?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo iaaaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 1.
=2,4(107 eI/i2, ?ici??e iiia?a/iiai ia?aoeio aaeie bi(hn=0,22(0,7 i,
e?ie aaeie b1=3 i. Caaaeueia aoae?aaeueia aenioa ia?ae?eooy aei??aith?
0,7 i, eiao?oe??io Ioanniia (=0,2.
A ?acoeueoao? aeine?ae?a, aeeiiaieo i?io. Ai?aeoeai A.A., anoaiiaeaii,
ui iaeneiaeueiee i?iaei oeaio?o ia?ae?eooy aei??aith? 21,1 ii.
?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo iaaaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 1.
Oaaeeoey 1
I?iaeie ? caeiaeuei? iiiaioe a oeaio??, e?ooiee iiiaio a eoo? eaniiieo
ia?ae?eooue a ??ci? iiiaioe /ano
Oei *an, I?iaei, Iiiaioe, eI(i
Ia?ae?eooy noo ii caeiaeuei? e?ooiee
t ( My Mx Mxy
c eaaae?aoieie 28 15,46 62,53 20,11 31,65
eaniiaie 29 22,52 65,27 19,66 31,23
1500 69,82 78,53 19,02 30,77
c o?eeooieie 28 24,26 94,07 46,21 49,41
eaniiaie 29 35,26 95,03 45,69 48,79
1500 103,92 98,61 43,78 46,44
Aeey aa?oeeaeueieo iano/eo eiino?oeoe?e iaaaaeai? iniiai? ??aiyiiy
?ic?aooieo ieineiia?aeaeueieo nenoai, iiaoaeiaaieo ia iniia?
aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueii? iiaeae?.
Aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeuei? iiaeae? aeicaieythoue cai?ieoe aaeeeo
e?euee?noue iaa?aeiieo coneeue aai ia?ai?uaiue iaei??th aai aeae?eueeiia
ooieoe?yie ?iciiae?eo oeueiai iaa?aeiiiai ii aenio? aoaeeieo. ?oi? /enei
caeaaeeoue a?ae neeaaeiino? iano/i? nenoaie. ?ic?aooiie caiaeeoueny aei
?ica’yceo nenoaie aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ??aiyiue, /enei yeeo aei??aith?
/eneo oa?a i?ae aa?oeeaeueieie aeaiaioaie. A?aecia/eii, ui oaea iiaeaeue
aeaaii ? oni?oii canoiniao?oueny aeey ?ic?aooieo niieo/aieo iaoaeaaeo ?
aea?aa’yieo noa?aei?a ? ieanoeiie.
– iiiaio ?ia?oe?? ia?aie/ee. Oeae oiiaiee oa?, ui ia’?aeio? noiaie I ?
II ia? ii aenio? iiaa?oo oaeo ae aei?noe?noue, ui ? ia?aie/ea. A
?acoeueoao?, cai?noue aaaaoiiiaa?oiai? ?aie io?eia?ii o?ueiooa?iaee
eiinieueiee noa?aeaiue. Iniiaiei iaa?aeiiei a oe?e
aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeuei?e ?ic?aooieia?e iiaeae? ? ooieoe?y X(x) – a
na?aaeiueiio oa??, ui cai?ith? ia?aie/ee (?en. 2).
C o?aooaaiiyi ??aiino? cnoaiiai coneeey X inueiaei neeai N a noiaiao
?icaeyaeoaaii? iaeiia’ycaai? ae?ao?aaie, oiiaa noi?niino? aeaoi?iaoe?e,
oiaoi ??ai?noue noia?ieo aa?oeeaeueieo ia?ai?uaiue iniiaii? nenoaie a
ieiuei? aa?oeeaeueiiai ia?aoeio, yeee ?icoeia? na?aaeeio oiiaiiai oa?o,
i?eaiaeeoue aei cae/aeiiai ?ioaa?i-aeeoa?aioe?aeueiiai ??aiyiiy:
, (11)
aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith:
, (12)
aecia/a?oueny oae:
, (13)
aea FI ? FII – ieiu? ia?a??c?a noiai?a I ? II;
JI ? JII – iiiaioe ?ia?oe?? ia?a??c?a noiai?a I ? II;
– ?ioaa?aeuei? iia?aoi?e, ui a?aoiaothoue iiaco/?noue iaoa??aeo
ia?aie/ie ? noiai?a I ? II;
M0 – caeiaeueiee iiiaio a eiinieueiiio noa?aei?, yeee a?aoiao? ciai?oi?
aieeae.
ia? aeaeyae:
. (14)
Iino?ei? ?ioaa?oaaiiy C ? D aecia/athoueny c a?aie/ieo oiia. Iiiaeeiieee
?ica’ycie “N0” caeaaeeoue a?ae i?aai? /anoeie ??aiyiiy (12).
?icaeyiaii 10-iiaa?oiao neiao?e/io iaeiii?ia?iio ?aio, aenioith H=30i;
aenioa iiaa?oo – 3 i; ?ici??e iiia?a/iiai ia?aoeio noiye?a – 1(0,25 i;
?ici??e iiia?a/iiai ia?aoeio ?eaae?a – 0,5(0,25 i; i?ia?i ?aie a na?oe?
l=2,5 i; i?ia?i ?aie a inyo b=3,5 i. ?aia aeeiiaia c aaoiio c iiaeoeai
i?oaeiino? Eb=3,3(107 eI/i2. I?eionoeii, ui i?aaa iii?a ?aie i?in?ea ia
(II=1 ni. Eiino?oeoe?y ?ic?aoiao?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith
aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueii? iiaeae?.
Ii?iaeuei? coneeey ? iiia?a/i? neee iaaaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 2.
Oaaeeoey 2
Ii?iaeuei? coneeey ? iiia?a/i? neee a 10-iiaa?oia?e ?ai? c
ai?eciioaeueii
?ooiieie aoceaie
Aac o?aooaaiiy iiaco/ino? C o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino?
x, i – N, eI Q, eI – N, eI Q, eI
0,00 0,0 (8,1) 0,0 (2,7)
1,50 8,1 16,4 2,7 5,5
4,50 25,8 19,7 8,7 6,6
7,50 48,7 26, 8 16,2 8,9
10,5 81,1 39,2 27,0 13,1
13,5 129,6 59,4 43,2 19,8
16,5 203,7 91,3 67,9 30,4
19,5 318,1 141,2 106,0 47,1
22,5 495,4 219,1 165,1 73,0
25,5 770,6 412,9 256,9 137,7
28,5 1198,1 528,6 399,4 176,2
30,0 1493,8
497,9
Iaaaaeai? oaeiae iniiai? ??aiyiiy aeey ?ic?aooieo i?inoi?iai? iano/i?
nenoaie. Caeaaei?noue i?ae ii?iaeueiith neeith Ni a noiai? iaeiia’ycaai?
aa?oeeaeueii? iano/i? eiino?oeoe?? ? iiia?a/iith neeith Qij o a’yc? ij
aecia/a?oueny c ??aiyiiy:
. (15)
Ca?aene io?eia?ii
, (16)
– eiioeioaeueia iiaiiia iiia?a/ia neea o a’ycyo i?ae aa?oeeaeueieie
aeaiaioaie i ? j ii aenio? aoaeeieo;
h – a?aenoaiue i?ae a’ycyie ii aenio? aoaeeieo.
sseui ?icaeyiooe i?inoi?iao eiino?oeoe?th, a ye?e a’yc? i?eieeathoue aei
aeaiaioa c aeae?eueeio noi??i (?en.3), oi:
, (17)
aea q – e?euee?noue a’yc?a, i?e?aeiaieo aei i – ai noiaia.
sseui aecia/eoe aaee/eio Ni (x) aai Qij(x), oi caaea/a caiaeeoueny aei
?ic?aooieo iano/i? nenoaie ia iniia? eiinieueii? iiaeae?, a ye?e Ni(x)
a?aoiaoaaeiny a ye aeiaeaoeiaa ciai?oi? iaaaioaaeaiiy.
Aeeoa?aioe?thth/e ??aiyiiy (17) ii x, io?eia?ii iniiaio nenoaio
aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ??aiyiue aeey aecia/aiiy an?o m nee Ni:
, (i=1,2,……,m). (18)
sseui aecia/eoe Q(ij /a?ac aeaoi?iaoe?? nenoaie, a?aoiaoth/e iiaco/?noue
iaoa??aeo, oi ??aiyiiy (18) noaiiaeyoueny ?ioaa?i-aeeoa?aioe?aeueieie.
Caeiaeuei? iiiaioe a noiaiao aecia/athoueny i?aenoiiaoaaiiyi iiiaio?a
a?ae ieineiai caeio ? iiai?ioo. Iai?eeeaae, caeiaeueiee iiiaio Miy
aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith:
, (19)
aea O – a?iiiaio;
– aei?noe?noue i?e caei?;
– aei?noe?noue i?e ne?o/oaaii?.
I?ia?aia “AAOI?ssAe-OO?AI IANEAEUe” ?ic?iaeaia ia eaoaae?? aoae?aaeueii?
iaoai?ee Iaeanueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e
ia iniia? aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueii? iiaeae? ?ic?aooieo aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo
aoaeeie?a i?io. Ae?icaeiaa I. O., c aeei?enoaiiyi aa?n?? i?ia?aie
(AAOI?ssAe – OI?O?AI 1981 ?.”.
I?e ?ic?iaoe? i?ia?aie iniiaiee aeai?eoi ?ic?aooieo aoa caa?aaeaiee.
I?ia?aia ?ic?aoiao? nenoaie aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a ia aa?oeeaeuei? ?
ai?eciioaeuei? iaaaioaaeaiiy, a?aoiaoth/e caei ? cae?o/oaaiiy aoaeeieo a
ieai?, ui noai?ththoueny oeeie iaaaioaaeaiiyie. I?e oeueiio
aecia/athoueny aioo??oi? coneeey a noiaiao ? a’ycyo, a oaeiae e?i?ei? ?
eooia? ia?ai?uaiiy iano/i? nenoaie.
Aeey ioe?iee aieeao iiaco/ino? ia iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai nenoaie
aeeiiaiee ?ic?aooiie 30-iiaa?oiaiai aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai aoaeeieo,
cai?iaeoiaaiiai aeey i. Iineae. Aoaeeiie o?ueioi?ia?iiee, c ?ici??aie a
ieai? 18(30 i. ? n?oeith eieii 6(6 i. Aenioa iiaa?oo – 3 i.
Aoaeeiie c? a’ycaaei ea?eanii – eieiie ni?eeiathoue o?eueee
aa?oeeaeueia iaaaioaaeaiiy. Aeey ni?eeiaiiy ai?eciioaeueiiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy i?ecia/ai? oi?oeaa? ae?ao?aaie aei?noeino?, oiaueiith 0,2
i ? iiiie?oia cae?ciaaoiiia yae?i aei?noeino? – e?ooiaa oaooa c
?ici??aie a inyo 6(6,5 i ? oiaueiith no?iie 0,4 i. Oaooa ?ici?uaia
ianeiao?e/ia a ae?oaiio a?ae oi?oey i?iaii?. Aeey yae?a ? ae?ao?aaie
aei?noeino? i?eeiyoi aaoii eeano A25, aeey eieii – eeano A35. A aeaiiio
i?eeeaae? aoa aeeiiaiee ?ic?aooiie c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? aaoiio
noiai?a.
Aith?e coneeue aeey iaea?eueo iaaaioaaeaiiai aeaiaioa – ia?aeaeueii?
oi?oeth aoaeeieo no?ie e?ooiai? oaooe – iaaaaeai? ia ?en.4. Ioieoe?ii
iieacai? a?aeiia?aei? aaee/eie, aecia/ai? c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino?.
Ii?iaeueia coneeey “N” , eI
A?iiiaio, O, eI
Caeiaeueiee iiiaio “My” , eI.i
Eoo cae?o/oaaiiy aoaeeieo, ?aae
?en.4.
Oiiai? iicia/aiiy:
aac a?aooaaiiy iiaco/ino?; c
o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino?;
ii Ae?icaeiao I.O.
Aeniiaee
1. Io?eiai? iniiai? ??aiyiiy ? ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo
i?yiieooieo ca??ii-iiiie?oieo cae?ciaaoiiieo eaniiieo ia?ae?eooue c
o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo. Ia?ae?eooy ?icaeyaeathoueny ye
a?ao/ano? nenoaie, c?a?ai? c aeaio i?oiaiiaeueieo nenoai ia?aeaeueieo
aaeie aai c o?ueio nenoai aaeie, ye? ooai?ththoue o?eeooi? eaniie.
?icaeyiooee aeiaaeie o?eaaei? ae?? ??aiii??ii-?iciiae?eaiiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy. Iiia?aaei? iai?oaeaiiy aaeie iaeiiai c iai?yie?a
a?aoiao?oueny ?iciiae?eaieie inueiaeie neeaie ? caeiaeueieie iiiaioaie
ia i?oiaiiaeueieo aei oeeo aaeie e?ayo ia?ae?eooy.
2. I?e o?eaae?e ae?? iaaaioaaeaiiy i?iaeie ?icaeyiooeo eaniiieo
ia?ae?eooue nooo?ai ca?eueoothoueny. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo? iaiao?aei?noue
iaia’yceiaiai a?aooaaiiy iiaco/ino? i?e ?ic?aooieo oaeeo eiino?oeoe?e ii
ae?oa?e a?oi? a?aie/ieo noai?a.
Aiane?aeie iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo ia? i?noea ia?a?iciiae?e coneeue. A
i?yiieooiiio ia?ae?eoo? c eaaae?aoieie eaniiaie caeiaeuei? iiiaioe My
ca?eueoo?oueny ia 4…20%, a iiiaioe Mx ? Mxy ciaioothoueny ia 2…6%. A
ia?ae?eoo? c o?eeooieie eaniiaie iiiaioe My ca?eueoo?oueny ia 1…5%,
iiiaioe Mx ciaioothoueny ia 1…5%, a Mxy ciaioothoueny ia 1…6%.
3. Iaaaaeai? iniiai? ??aiyiiy aeey ?ic?aooieo ieineeo ? i?inoi?iaeo
iano/eo nenoai aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a ia iniia?
aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueii? iiaeae?. Ii?yaeie nenoaie e?i?eieo
?ioaa?i-aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ??aiyiue, caienaieo a?aeiinii ii?iaeueieo
coneeue ? a?iiiaioo, aecia/a?oueny e?euee?noth aa?oeeaeueieo oa?a
(a’yc?a cnoao), ui ia’?aeiothoue noiaie a ?aeeio nenoaio. A oeeo
??aiyiiyo aeiaeaoeiai a?aoiao?oueny iiaco/?noue iaoa??aeo noiai?a ?
a’yc?a cnoao.
4. Cai?iiiiiaai? aaoi?ii iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo ?aae?ciaai? a i?ia?aiiiio
caaacia/aii? aeey ia?niiaeueieo eiii’thoa??a, ui aeicaiey? aeeiioaaoe
?ic?aooiie eaniiieo ia?ae?eooue, a oaeiae aa?oeeaeueieo iano/eo nenoai
aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo.
I?ia?aia AAOI?ssAe-OO?AI IANEAEUe aeicaiey? aeeiiaoe ?ic?aooiie
aeinoaoiuei neeaaeieo nenoai c iacia/ieie cao?aoaie iaoeiiiai /ano.
5. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aa?oeeaeuei? iano/? eiino?oeoe??
aeanyoe-aeaaiaaeoeyoe iiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a, cai?iaeoiaai? a
a?aeiia?aeiino? c aoae?aaeueieie ii?iaie, a ?acoeueoao? ?oiuei?
i?inoi?iai? ?iaioe aieiae?thoue cia/ieie caianaie i?oeiino? ?
aei?noeino?. I?aeoe/ii an? noiaie i?aoeththoue a i?oaei?e noaae?? aac
o??uei; iaea?eueo iaaaioaaeaieie aeaiaioaie aoaeeieo ? ia?aie/ee ?
e?aei? i?ino?iee ciai?oi?o no?i.
6. ?ic?aooiee iieacothoue, ui cia/ia /anoeia ciai?oiueiai caeiaeueiiai
iiiaioo (20…70%) a?ae ae?? ia aoaeeiie ai?eciioaeueiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy
ni?eeia?oueny caaaeyee ii?iaeueiei neeai a noiaiao, ye? aeieeathoue a
?acoeueoao? ?iaioe a’yc?a cnoao.
7. I?e o?eaae?e ae?? iaaaioaaeaiiy i?iaeie aa?oo ?icaeyiooiai aoaeeieo
ca?eueoothoueny a 2.5 ?ace, eoo cae?o/oaaiiy – ia 20%, ii?iaeuei?
coneeey ? caeiaeuei? iiiaioe i?aeoe/ii ia ci?iththoueny, a a?iiiaio
ciaioo?oueny ia 30%. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo? iaiao?aei?noue a?aooaaiiy
iiaco/ino? i?e ?ic?aooieo aoaeeie?a, i?eiaeii?, ii ae?oa?e a?oi?
a?aie/ieo noai?a.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a ianooiieo noaooyo:
1. ss?aiaiei A. O, Oa?aaeae Aaana?. ?an/ao ianoueo nenoai iiiaiyoaaeiuo
caeaiee n o/aoii iieco/anoe: Ca. iaoe. no. (I?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee
cae?ciaaoiio( – Iieoaaa: IAeOO, 1997 – N. 489 – 491.
2. ss?aiaiei A. O, Oa?aaeae Aaana?. I ?an/aoa i?ino?ainoaaiiuo ianoueo
nenoai iiiaiyoaaeiuo caeaiee: Ca. iaoe. no. (Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
aiaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa(, oii 3. – ??aia: OAeAAA, 1997 – N. 109 – 112.
3. A. O.ss?aiaiei, Oa?aaeae Aaana?. Iieco/anoue a eiino?oeoeeyo
iiiaiyoaaeiuo caeaiee. Na. iao/. o?oaeia. (Iieco/anoue a eiino?oeoeeyo(
– Iaeanna: IAANA, 1998 – N. 119 – 124.
4. A. O. ss?aiaiei, Oa?aaeae Aaana?. ?an/ao oi?oaiayceeo ianoueo
eiino?oeoeee iiiaiyoaaeiuo caeaiee ia iniiaa aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueiie
iiaeaee. Na. iao/. o?oaeia.(No?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, no?ieoaeueiua
iaoa?eaeu, eiaeaia?iua nenoaiu, yeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu( Iaeanna: IAANA,
1998 – N.21 – 23.
5. Oa?aaeae Aaana?. ?an/ao ia?ae?uoee n o?aoaieueiuie eanniiaie. Na.
iao/. o?oaeia. (Aeae?ioaoie/aneea nii?oaeaiey. Ii?neea e ?a/iua ii?ou(,
auione 2.-Iaeanna: IAANA, 1999 – N. 49 – 50.
6. Oa?aaeae Aaana?. ?an/ao nai?ii-iiiieeoiuo eanniiiuo ia?ae?uoee. Na.
iao/. o?oaeia.(Eiiiiceoe?ei? iaoa??aee aeey aoae?aieoeoaa( Iaeaaaea:
Aanoiee AeAANA, 1998 ?99-2(16) – N. 34 – 39.
7. ss?aiaiei I.O. Oa?aaeae Aaana?. ?ic?aooiie cae?ciaaoiiieo ia?ae?eooue
c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? aaoiio. Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue (?ano?niaeiiiii?
iaoa??aee eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa nii?iaee( aeione 2. – ??aia: OAeAAA,
1999 – N. 188 – 192.
8. Bohdan Hnidets, Alexander Yaremenko, Faraj Baather. Approximate
methods of rc caisson floor calculations taking into account concrete
creep: XLI konferencja KOMITETU IN(YNIERII LADOWEJ I WODNEJ PAN KOMITETU
(AUKI PZITB, tom 8.-Krak(w – Krynica, 1996 – str. 29 – 36.
Iniaenoa o/anoue caeiaoaa/a a noaoyo [1] – [4] – iaoiaeeea a?aooaaiiy
iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo a eiino?oeoe?yo aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoae?aaeue;
i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy aeey ?ic?aooieo i?inoi?iaeo iano/eo nenoai
aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoae?aaeue a a noaoo? [8], [6] – iniiai? ??aiyiiy
?ic?aooieo i?yiieooieo ca??ii-iiiie?oieo cae?ciaaoiiieo eaniiieo
ia?ae?eoue c o?eeooieie eaniiaie c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? iaoa??aeo;
?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo ia?ae?eooue c eaaae?aoieie ? o?eeooieie eaniiaie.
Aiioaoe?y
Oa?aaeae Iooaiiaae Oonnaei Aaana?. ?ic?aooiie iano/eo nenoai
aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino? – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.17 – Aoae?aaeueia iaoai?ea – Ee?anueeee
iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, Ee?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ?icaeoeo iaoiaeee ?ic?aooieo iano/eo
eiino?oeoe?e aaaaoiiiaa?oiaeo aoaeeie?a – iiia?aaeiuei-iai?oaeaieo
ca??ii-iiiie?oieo eaniiieo ia?ae?eooue, ieineiia?aeaeueieo ? i?inoi?iaeo
aaaaoia’ycieo aa?oeeaeueieo iano/eo nenoai c o?aooaaiiyi iiaco/ino?.
Io?eiai? ??aiyiiy, ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee ? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy aeey
aecia/aiiy coneeue ? ia?ai?uaiue. I?aeoaa?aeaeaia aaeaeaaoi?noue ?
aoaeoeai?noue aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueii? ?ic?aooieiai? iiaeae?,
canoinoaaiiy yei? aeicaiey? ?icaeyaeaoe aoaeeiie ye ?aeeio i?inoi?iao
nenoaio c o?aooaaiiyi ?aieia?/ieo aeanoeainoae iaoa??aeo eiino?oeoe?e.
Aeeiiaiee aiae?c iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio eiino?oeoe?e ?
ia?a?iciiae?eo coneeue aiane?aeie iiaco/ino?.
?ic?iaeaia aeey ia?niiaeueieo eiii’thoa??a i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy
aeei?enoiao?oueny a aeeieiiiiio i?iaeooaaii?.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aaaaoiiiaa?oiaee aoaeeiie, iano/? nenoaie, eaniii?
ia?ae?eooy, aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueia iiaeaeue, coneeey, ia?ai?uaiiy,
iiaco/?noue, i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy.
The summary
Faraj Mohammed Hussein Ba’ther. Account of carrying systems of
multi-storey buildings taking into account concrete creep – manuscript.
Thesis submitted for degree of the candidate of engineering science on a
speciality 05.23.17 – Structural mechanics – The Kyiv National
University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, 1999.
The thesis is devoted to the technique of computation of carrying
constructions of multi-storeyed buildings, prestressed prefabricated –
monolithic caisson overlappings, plane-parallel and spatial multiply
connected vertical carrying systems with regard for creeping.
The equations are obtained. The techniques and software for the
definition of forces and displacements are developed. The adequacy and
effectiveness discrete – continual calculated model is confirmed, which
application allows considering a building as a uniform spatial system
with regard for rheological properties of construction material.
The analysis of the stress-strained state of constructions and
redistribution of forces due to creeping is carried out.
The software, developed for personal computers, is used in graduation
thesis work.
Key words: a multi-storeyed building, carrying a system, caissons
overlapping, discrete – continual model, force, displacement, creeping,
software.
Aiiioaoeey
Oa?aaeae Iooaiiaae Oonnaei Aaana?. ?an/ao ianoueo nenoai iiiaiyoaaeiuo
caeaiee n o/?oii iieco/anoe iaoa?eaea – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.17 – No?ieoaeueiie iaoaieee – Eeaaneee
iaoeeiiaeueiue oieaa?neoao no?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?u, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?acaeoeth iaoiaeee ?an/aoa ianoueo eiino?oeoeee
iiiaiyoaaeiuo caeaiee – i?aaeaa?eoaeueii-iai?yaeaiiuo nai?ii-iiiieeoiuo
eanniiiuo ia?ae?uoee, ieineiia?aeeaeueiuo e i?ino?ainoaaiiuo
iiiainayciuo aa?oeeaeueiuo ianoueo nenoai n o/?oii iieco/anoe iaoa?eaea.
Iieo/aiu o?aaiaiey, ?ac?aaioaiu iaoiaeeee ii?aaeaeaiey oneeee
(ecaeaathuea iiiaiou Mx, My e e?ooyuee iiiaio Mxo) e i?iaeaia (ii
iai?aaeaieyi x e y) i?aaeaa?eoaeueii – iai?yaeaiiuo nai?ii-iiiieeoiuo
eanniiiuo ia?ae?uoee n eaaae?aoiuie e o?aoaieueiuie eanniiaie.
Ia?ae?uoey ?anniao?eaathony eae ?aoao/aoua nenoaiu, ninoiyuea ec aeaoo
i?oiaiiaeueiuo nenoai ia?aeeaeueiuo aaeie, eeai ec o?ao nenoai aaeie,
ia?acothueo o?aoaieueiua eanniiu. ?anniio?ai neo/ae aeeeoaeueiiai
aeaenoaey ?aaiiia?ii-?ani?aaeaeaiiie iaa?ocee. I?aaeaa?eoaeueiia
iai?yaeaiea aaeie iaeiiai ec iai?aaeaiee o/eouaaaony ?ani?aaeaeaiiuie
inaauie neeaie e ecaeaathueie iiiaioaie ia i?oiaiiaeueiuo e yoei aaeeai
e?ayo ia?ae?uoey.
I?e aeeeoaeueiii aeaenoaee iaa?ocee i?iaeau eanniiiuo ia?ae?uoee caiaoii
oaaee/eaathony. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaycaoaeueiiai o/aoa
iieco/anoe i?e ?an/?oa oaeeo eiino?oeoeee ii aoi?ie a?oiia i?aaeaeueiuo
ninoiyiee.
Ianouea nenoaiu iiiaiyoaaeiuo caeaiee iiaoo auoue noaiaoece?iaaiu
?acee/iuie ?an/aoiuie iiaeaeyie: aeene?aoiuie, eiioeioaeueiuie eee
aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueiuie. Nio?aiyy i?inoioo e i/aaeaeiinoue
aeene?aoiie iiaeaee, iineaaeiyy iiaeaeue aeey oi?oaeo nenoai i?eaiaeeo e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aoaiey nenoai aeeooa?aioeeaeueiuo o?aaiaiee
n?aaieoaeueii iaaunieiai ii?yaeea. I?eiaiaiea oeacaiiie iiaeaee
oeaeaniia?acii e aeey ?an/aoa iiiaiyoaaeiuo ?ai, iineieueeo iieo/aiiua
i?e yoii ?acoeueoaou ioee/athony io iieo/aiiuo eeanne/aneeie iaoiaeaie
(iaoiaeii nee eee iaoiaeii eiia/iuo yeaiaioia) ia aaee/eio, aeiionoeioth
a eiaeaia?iuo ?an/aoao.
I?eaaaeaiu iniiaiua o?aaiaiey aeey ?an/aoa i?ino?ainoaaiiuo ianoueo
nenoai iiiaiyoaaeiuo caeaiee ia iniiaa aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueiie
iiaeaee. Ii?yaeie ?ac?aoathuae nenoaiu eeiaeiuo
eioaa?i-aeeooa?aioeeaeueiuo o?aaiaiee, caienaiiuo ioiineoaeueii
ii?iaeueiuo oneeee a noieaao e aeiiiaioa, ii?aaeaeyaony eiee/anoaii
aa?oeeaeueiuo oaia (naycae naeaeaa), iauaaeeiythueo noieau a aaeeioth
nenoaio. A yoeo o?aaiaieyo aeiiieieoaeueii o/eouaaaony iieco/anoue
iaoa?eaea noieaia e naycae naeaeaa. Iiaeoaa?aeaeaia aaeaeaaoiinoue e
yooaeoeaiinoue aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueiie ?an/aoiie iiaeaee, i?eiaiaiea
eioi?ie iicaieyao ?anniao?eaaoue caeaiea eae aaeeioth i?ino?ainoaaiioth
nenoaio n o/?oii ?aieiae/aneeo naienoa iaoa?eaea eiino?oeoeee.
Auiieiai aiaeec iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey eiino?oeoeee e
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey oneeee aneaaenoaea iieco/anoe. ?an/aou iieacuaatho,
/oi cia/eoaeueiay /anoue aiaoiaai ecaeaathuaai iiiaioa io aeaenoaey ia
caeaiea ai?eciioaeueiie iaa?ocee aini?eieiaaony aeaaiaea?y ii?iaeueiui
neeai a noieaao, aicieeathuei a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaiou naycae – ia?aiu/ae.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi ianouea eiino?oeoeee aeanyoe–aeaaiaaeoeaoeyoaaeiuo
caeaiee i?iaeoe?oaiua a niioaaonoaee ni no?ieoaeueiuie ii?iaie, a
?acoeueoaoa eo i?ino?ainoaaiiie ?aaiou, iaeaaeatho cia/eoaeueiuie
caianaie i?i/iinoe e aeanoeinoe. I?aeoe/anee ana noieau ?aaioatho a
oi?oaie noaaeee aac o?auei; iaeaieaa iaa?oaeaiiuie yeaiaioaie caeaiey
yaeythony ia?aiu/ee e e?aeiea i?inoaiee ia?oaeiuo noai.
Aneaaenoaea iieco/anoe iaoa?eaea ?aiu oneeey, aucaaiiua inaaeeie iii?u
nouanoaaiii nieaeathony. I?e yoii eciaiyaony i/a?oaiea yith?u
ecaeaathueo iiiaioia. Iieco/anoue iaoa?eaea ioaeaeueiuo naycae naeaeaa
i?eaiaeeo e caiaoiiio ia?a?ani?aaeaeaieth oneeee, iniaaiii
ia?a?acuaathueo oneeee a i?iaiiuo aeeao?aaiao yae?a aeanoeinoe
I?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea aeey ia?niiaeueiuo eiiiuethoa?ia AAOI?ssAe-OO?AI
IANEAEUe, iicaieyao auiieieoue ?an/aou aanueia neiaeiuo nenoai n
ieieiaeueiuie cao?aoaie iaoeiiiai a?aiaie.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iiiaiyoaaeiua caeaiea, ianouea nenoaiu, eanniiiua
ia?ae?uoey, aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueiay iiaeaeue, oneeey, ia?aiauaiey,
iieco/anoue, i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea.
PAGE 17
12
?en. 3. Aeaei a?oie noiai?a ia’?aeiaieo ca’yceaie cnoao.
i
Q
ij
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2
l
a – Noaia 10 – iiaa?oia?e ae?ao?aai?;
?en. 2. Aei aecia/aiiy neeo 10- iiaa?oia?e ae?ao?aai?:
b – aeene?aoii-eiioeioaeueia iiaeaeue ae?ao?aaie.
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y
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ia?ae?eooue c o?eeooieie eaniiaie.
Eiino?oeoeaia noaia ca??ii-iiiie?oieo
.
?en.1
i
E
~
(
)
s
e
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+
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E
1
1
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