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I?I?NOA?NOAI IOI?IIE CAeI?IA’ss OE?A?IE

EE?ANUeEA IAAeE*IA AEAAeAI?ss I?NEssAeEIEIIII? INA?OE

?I. I.E.OOIEEA

NIEIIEI Aiaoie?e Aaneeueiae/

OAeE 617.55 –
089.86+615.468.6:615.454

?IC?IAEA ? IAA?OIOOAAIIss NIINIA?A OI?IOAAIIss

OA CAOENOO AIANOIIIC?A A AAAeII?IAEUeI?E O??O?A??

(Aenia?eiaioaeueii-ee?i?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy)

14.01.03 – o??o?a?y

A A O I ? A O A ? A O

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a iaaee/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Ee?anuee?e iaaee/i?e aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe

?i. I.E.Ooieea I?i?noa?noaa ioi?iie caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio

/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio IAI oa AII Oe?a?ie, eao?aao aea?aeaaii?
i?ai??

N?N?, aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? NA?IEI Aaea??e Oaiaein?eiae/,

aee?aeoi? ?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? o??o?a?? AII Oe?a?ie

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A?EEE Aieiaeeie? sseiae/,
ia/aeueiee

Aieiaiiai a?enueeiai-iaaee/iiai oi?aae?iiy II Oe?a?ie – ia/aeueiee
iaaee/ii? neoaeae CN Oe?a?ie, aieiaiee o??o?a II Oe?a?ie

aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? CAOA?AO Ieoaeei Iao?iae/,
ia/aeueiee Iaaee/iiai oi?aae?iiy Neoaeae aaciaee Oe?a?ie

aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe AeIIAINUeEEE Ai?en Anaaieiaeiae/,
aee?aeoi? ee?i?ee iaa?aeeeaaeii? o??o?a?? Ee?anueei? i?nueei? ee?i?/ii?
e?ea?i? oaeaeei? iaaee/ii? aeiiiiiae

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i. I.I.Aiaiiieueoey IIC
Oe?a?ie,

eaoaae?a caaaeueii? o??o?a?? ? 1

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 29 ” aeiaoiy______1999 ?.
i_11_aiaeei?

ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.613.02 i?e
Ee?anuee?e

iaaee/i?e aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie
(254112, i. Ee?a – 112, aoe. Aei?iaiaeeoeueea, 9).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E.Ooieea
(i. Ee?a, aoe. Aei?iaiaeeoeueea, 9).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 28 ”_aa?aniy______ 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

eaiae. iaae. iaoe, aeioeaio
AAICAessE I.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. I?iaeaia iani?iiiaeiino? oa?a aianoiiic?a, ui
aeieea? i?ney aeeiiaiiy iia?aoe?e ia i?aaiao o?aaiiai eaiaeo, iaeia c
iaea?eueo aeooaeueieo o i?aeoe/i?e o??o?a?? (A.A.Oaeeiia e niaao.,
1996; A.A.I?ioeaiei, 1998; A.I.Aeania e niaao., 1999). ?nioaaiiy iiiaae
400 niinia?a ? iiaeeo?eaoe?e oi?ioaaiiy eeoeiaiai oaa oa ?ic?iaea iiaeo
na?ae/aoue i?i eiai iaaeineiiae?noue (A.I.Iaeueiee e niaao., 1996;
A.I.Aoyiia e niaao., 1999).

A?aeiia?aeii aei noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo, /anoioa iani?iiiaeiino? oa?a
aianoiiica, yea aeieea? a ?aiiueiio ia??iae? i?ney cae?eniaiiy iia?aoe?e
ia i?aaiao o?aaiiai eaiaeo noaiiaeoue 3,2 – 69%, eaoaeuei?noue a?ae
i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo aiane?aeie oeueiai oneeaaeiaiiy aeinyaa?
50-92% (E.I.Aaeia e niaao., 1985; A.O.*a?iionia e N.A.Iieeea?iia, 1994;
A.I. ?u/aaia e niaao., 1997; N.A.Aeeaa, 1998; G.Pye, R.J.Steele, 1996).

A?eueo?noue a?o/eciyieo o??o?a?a oa oao?aoe?a e?a?i NIAe
aeei?enoiaothoue ?o/iee aeai- aai o?e?yaeiee oia ( A.E.Iao?ia e niaao.,
1994; A.N.Iiiaeia e niaao., 1995; I.A.Aii/a?aiei, 1997; TH.I.Oeiioaaa,
A.N.Aiaiueaa,1999), ine?eueee aaaaeathoue, ui ae?oaee ? o?ao?e ?yae
ca?eueoo? iaoai?/io i?oei?noue oaa, caaacia/o? a?eueoo aa?iaoe/i?noue
oa anaioe/i?noue aianoiiica. I?e oeueiio, ye i?aaeei, aioo??oi?e ?yae
oa?a iaeeaaeathoue ca aeiiiiiaith eaoaooo, na?icii-i`ycia? oae –
ia?icniieooaaeueieo ieoie.

I?ioa a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa ee?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo aeiaaaeai?
iaaeie?ee aaaaoi?yaeieo oa?a. I?ney iaeeaaeaiiy aeai, a oei a?eueo
o?e?yaeieo oa?a cia/ii iia??oothoueny e?iaiia?a oa ?ia?aaoe?y coeoeo
oeaiei, /anoi aeieea? aianoiiiceo, ui coiiaeth? oiia?eueiaiiy
a?aeiiaeaiiy ooieoe?? iia?iaaiiai i?aaia, eiai aeaoi?iaoe?th, caoaeaiiy
aianoiiica, ooai?aiiy i?e?iaanoean?a i?ae ?yaeaie oa?a (A.N.Caineia,
I.A.Aia?ia, 1989; Y.C.E?aneaneee, 1991; A.E.Aiaeeaaneee e
A.A.Oai?eineee, 1995). I?iieei?noue aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo c
aeei?enoaiiyi aaaaoi?yaeieo oa?a, aeey i?e?ii?aai?ci?a cia/ii a?eueoa,
i?ae i?e canoinoaaii? iaeii?yaeiiai oaa ( A.E.*aio?iie e niaao., 1994;
A.I.Eeeiaiei e niaao., 1998; A.A.Aiueinueeee, 1998; N.Demartines et al.,
1990; C.Eden, 1992; M.Testini et al., 1998).

Iaeii?yaeiee oia ni?e/eiy? iaioo o?aaiaoecaoe?th oa ?oai?th coeoeo
oeaiei, ui caiia?aa? aeieeiaiith eiai iani?iiiaeiino? oa ?oaoeaai?
aeaoi?iaoe?? aianoiiica (Y.E.Aaeueia?ei, I.O.Eociaeaa, 1995; A.A.Oaeeiia
e niaao., 1996; O.A.Eoea/ae ? ni?aaao., 1997, 1998; I.I.Aaeeaioeeee e
niaao., 1998; S.T.Irwin et al., 1990; C.M.Cealdi et al., 1993; M.Testini
et al., 1998).

A inoaii? ?iee a aaaeii?iaeueio o??o?a?th ai?iaaaeaeothoue i?aoeec?eio
oaoi?eo c aeaiaioaie i?e?io??o?a??. Aaoi?e aaaaeathoue, ui
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oe??? oaoiieia?? aeicaieeoue i?aeiyoe oeae ?icae?e
o??o?a?? ia a?eueo aenieee ye?niee ??aaiue ( Ae.TH.E?ea/aiy e niaao.,
1993; A.A.Iicaeiyeia e niaao., 1994; A.Ae.Oaoaeia, 1998; A.A.Neoin,
1999; M.Feller et al., 1986; P.Bertram et al., 1994).

No?eioth/ei iiiaioii ? aeniea aa?o?noue ?iii?oiiai i?e?io??o?a?/iiai
ao?aaiaoe/iiai oiaiiai iaoa??aeo (IAOI), a?aenooi?noue a?o/eciyieo
c?ace?a, a oaeiae ca?eueooaaeueii? iioeee oa niaoe?aeueieo
i?e?io??o?a?/ieo ?ino?oiaio?a.

C 1984 ?. aeicaieaiee aei na??eiiai aeioneo ? ee?i?/iiai canoinoaaiiy
ia?oee a?o/eciyiee IAOI iaoaeao?aai (6/0-11/0). ?iia??ii, ui
iaoaeao?aai, yeee oni?oii aeei?enoiaothoue o ee?i?/i?e i?aeoeoe? i?ae
/an aeeiiaiiy iia?aoeaieo ao?o/aiue ia ia?eoa?e/ieo ia?aao,
a?oa??aeueieo, aaiicieo oa e?ioaoe/ieo noaeeiao (I.O.Ae?the e niaao.,
1984; I.A.Oeeiaeei, 1989), a cia/i?e i??? aeicaieeoue ae??oeoe oeth
i?iaeaio.

Iaai? iaae?? uiaei iie?auaiiy ?acoeueoao?a iia?aoeaieo ao?o/aiue ia
i?aaiao /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie iia`ycothoue c ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi a o??o?a?/io
i?aeoeeo iaoiaeee aac-oiaiiai oa oiaii-eeaeiaiai aianoiiicoaaiiy, ye?
aeicaieythoue aeinyaoe a?ieia?/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? aianoiiica, i?aeaeueoe
eiai iaoai?/io i?oei?noue, ciaioeoe ?ecee aeieeiaiiy oneeaaeiaiue,
cie?aia a ineaaeaieo oai?eo, iioeeiai ? noa?a/iai a?eo, iaoe??io?a c
iieieia?/ieie caoai?thaaiiyie, a oaeiae i?e a?aeiiaieo iia?aoeaieo
ao?o/aiiyo (A.A.Aeiiaineee, 1990; TH.A.Oo?iaiia e niaao., 1994;
I.A.Aii/a?aiei, 1997; L.Zhang et. al., 1997; T.L.Zilling et al., 1999).

Aeia?? ?acoeueoaoe io?eiai? i?e aeei?enoaii? aeey aa?iaoecaoe?? oa?a a
aaaeii?iaeuei?e o??o?a?? o?a?eiiaiai eeath (OE), yeee ia? ia?aaaae o
ii??aiyii? c neioaoe/ieie eeayie iaaee/iiai i?ecia/aiiy (A.A.A?oaiee e
niaao., 1993; H.W.Waclawiczek, O.Boeckle, 1988; G.Sunderland et al.,
1993; S.Ohwada et al., 1998 oa ?io?).

I?ioa ?iaioe, i?enay/ai? aea/aiith oa ?ic?iaoe? eeaeiaeo eiiiiceoe?e ia
iniia? o?a?eiiaaio, ye? i?iaiaeyoue a?o/eciyi? aeine?aeieee,
i?iaeiaaeothoueny.

Ia iaio aaaeeeaith e aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith, ii?yae c iaoiaeaie
c`?aeiaiiy, ? aea?? o??o?a?/iiai oiaiiai iaoa??aeo (A.N.Caineia,
I.A.Aia?ia, 1989; TH.I.Iieion e niaao., 1994; I.N.Ne?eiieeia e niaao.,
1997; S.Chittmittrapap et al., 1993; T.Zoedler et al., 1995; K.Kubo et
al., 1998). Eiai iiiaieeaoo?a a Oe?a?i? aeoaea iaiaaeaia, a ye?noue
cia/ii iinooia?oueny oae?e na?oiaeo c?ace?a.

A iao?e e?a?i? ?ic?iaeaiee neioaoe/iee ?icniieooaaeueiee oiaiee
iaoa??ae (N?OI) ieoeaeii, iniiao yeiai neeaaea? iiiiea?aieneeoeaetheica.
Oe?iea canoinoaaiiy a ee?i?/i?e i?aeoeoe? oe??? ieoee a?aee?eaa?
aeiaeaoeia? iiaeeeaino? o ai?iouea? c i?neyiia?aoe?eieie oneeaaeiaiyie,
coiiaeaieie aeei?enoaiiyi oiaieo iaoa??ae?a, ni?ey? i?aeaeuaiith
aoaeoeaiino? oa iaae?eiino? iia?aoeaieo ao?o/aiue i?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy
aianoiiic?a (TH.A.Oo?iaiia e niaao., 1989).

Iaaeaeue, aeiaeai niin?a oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica, iaoiae eiai caoenoo, a
oaeiae oiaiee iaoa??ae ia a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai no/anii? o??o?a??.
E?eoe/ia ioe?iea cacia/aiiai na?ae/eoue, ui niiniae oi?ioaaiiy
aianoiiica oa ?nioth/? oiai? iaoa??aee a cia/i?e i??? ae/a?iaee naaa,
?o aeei?enoaiiy i?aeoe/ii ia iiaea ci?ieoe neooaoe?th ia e?aua. Oea
i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeooaeuei?noue oa iaae??oai?noue i?iaeaie oa
aeioe?euei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii-ee?i?/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y ? o?aaiaioii
aaeocaai? iaoeiai? i?ia?aie eaoaae?e oi?aeiaaaeii?iaeueii? oa noaeeiii?
o??o?a?? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i.
I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie “O??o?a?/ia e?eoaaiiy ?oaoeaaeo no?eeoo? aeia/ieo
i?ioie”( ? 01860068121 aea?ae?a?no?aoe??).

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ciaioaiiy /anoioe i?neyiia?aoe?eieo
oneeaaeiaiue, iie?auaiiy ooieoe?iiaeueieo ?acoeueoao?a iia?aoeaieo
ao?o/aiue ia ii?iaeienoeo i?aaiao o?aaiiai eaiaeo oeyoii iaa?oiooaaiiy e
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?ic?iaee iaae?eieo niinia?a oi?ioaaiiy oa caoenoo
aianoiiic?a, a oaeiae aeai?o oiaiiai iaoa??aeo ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?o a
ee?i?/io i?aeoeeo.

A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai aoee iinoaaeai? ianooii? caaea/?:

1. I?iaanoe ii??aiyeueia aea/aiiy oeoieiai-eeoeiaeo oa eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi N?IO aeaeniio, a?e?eeo,
iie?ae?ienaiiio oa ieoeaeiio.

2. I?iaanoe ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ii?oiooieoe?iiaeueieo iniaeeainoae
no?aaio?aeieo, eeoeiaeo, aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ?c
canoinoaaiiyi i?e?io??o?a?/ii? oaoi?ee oa IAOI a??aeaeei n?ee, i?ie?i,
iaoaeao?aai.

3. ?ic?iaeoe niin?a c`?aeiaiiy ii?iaeienoeo i?aai?a o?aaiiai eaiaeo c
canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee, IAOI, ui ia ?icniieoothoueny oa
?icniieoothoueny.

4. Aea/eoe iniaeeaino? caai?iiy eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ca
aeiiiiiaith caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo iaoiae?a oa c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii?
oaoi?ee ca ?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith.

5. ?ic?iaeoe a aenia?eiaio? iiaeae? aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe??, ui
aeicaieeoue aea/aoe iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy eeoeiaeo ? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a a oiiaao, iaeneiaeueii iaaeeaeaieo aei ee?i?/ieo, i?iaanoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe??.

6. Aea/eoe iniaeeaino? eeoeiaeo oa aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a,
coi?iiaaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi iaaee/iiai eeath noeueoae?eeao-1 ? OE.

7. ?ic?iaeoe oa aea/eoe caniae caoenoo eeoeiaeo ? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo a oiiaao aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe?? ca
aeiiiiiaith OE.

8. ?ic?iaeoe i?eno??e, yeee aeicaiey? a aenia?eiaio? cae?enithaaoe
aaaaoi?aciaa ?ice?eooy /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie a iaei??? oaa?eie c iaoith
acyooy iaoa??aeo aeey aaeoa??ieia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, oa iaa?oiooaaoe
aeioe?euei?noue eiai canoinoaaiiy a ee?i?/ieo oiiaao aeey i?iaaaeaiiy
i?ia?aiiaaiiai eaaaaeo oa eiio?ieth noaio i?aai?a /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie c
i?i?iaeueiith o?aaiaoecaoe??th oai?iai.

9. Aea/eoe iiaeeea?noue oa iaa?oiooaaoe iaiao?aei?noue canoinoaaiiy OE
? oei/aniaeo i?ioei?e?iaieo eeoeiaeo aiaeii?ioaeoi??a c iie?a?i?eiaiai
nie?oo (IAN) aeey caoenoo oianoieeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a.

10. Ai?iaaaeeoe a ee?i?/io i?aeoeeo ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo
?ic?iaie.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aia?oa ia iiaeaeyo ee?i?/ieo
iia?aoe?e i?iaaaeaia ii??aiyeueia ii?oieia?/ia ioe?iea ia?aa?ao
?aia?aoeaieo i?ioean?a o oeaieiao ae?eyiee oeoieiai-eeoeiaeo ? eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi N?OI – ca?oa?aeieo (aeaeniio,
a?e?eeo, iie?ae?ienaiiio) oa a?o/eciyiiai (ieoeaeiio). Anoaiiaeaii, ui
ieoeaeii ca nai?ie aeanoeainoyie ia iinooia?oueny ca?oa?aeiei aiaeiaai.
Iniiaia iiceoeaia ye?noue ieoee, yea aeae?ey? ?? c ?yaeo N?OI,
iiaeeea?noue ?aaoethaaiiy no?ie?a ao?aoe i?oeiino? ? ?icniieooaaiiy
oeyoii ci?ie nooiaith ?? ieeneaiiy i?ae /an aeaioiaeaiiy.

?ic?iaeaii niin?a oi?ioaaiiy iaeii?yaeiiai oaa o?aaiiai eaiaeo c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoa??aeo, ui ?icniieoo?oueny (A.n. 1146016).

Aia?oa aea/ai? iniaeeaino? no?aaio?aeieo, eeoeiaeo ? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ?c canoinoaaiiyi IAOI iaoaeao?aai, i?ie?i ?
a??aeaeei n?ee: ia?aa?a i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe?? a ciiao
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ca aeiiiiiaith i?e?io??o?a?/ii? oaoi?ee oa
IAOI.

Aia?oa i?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy eeoeiaeo oa aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a
canoiniaaaaia iiaeeo?eiaaia ieoea iaoaeao?aai c i?aeaeuaiith no?ee?noth
aei inaaeaeaiiy ia ?? iiaa?oi? nieae aeia/ieo eeneio ? ai?noo eeoa/ieeo,
yeo caaacia/o? iie?ia?ia a?ae?ioiaia iie?eooy.

?ic?iaeai? ? aea/ai? i?ea?iaeuei? iiaeae? aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe??,
ye? aeicaieythoue a oiiaao, iaeneiaeueii iaaeeaeaieo aei ee?i?/ieo,
aeine?aeaeoaaoe ia?aa?a i?ioean?a o ae?eyioe? noi?iiaaieo aianoiiic?a,
a oaeiae aoaeoeai?noue iaoiae?a ?o caoenoo (A.n. 1501129; iina?ae/aiiy
i?i aaeocaao ?aoe?iiae?caoi?nueeo i?iiiceoe?th ? 901).

?ic?iaeaii niin?a oi?ioaaiiy iaeii?yaeiiai aoceiaiai oaa c
canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee a aeaio iiaeeo?eaoe?yo – c
aeei?enoaiiyi neioaoe/ieo IAOI, ui ?icniieoothoueny oa
ia?icniieoothoueny (A.n. 1787433).

Aea/ai? iniaeeaino? ia?aa?ao i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe?? a
ae?eyioe? aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ca aeiiiiiaith caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo
iaoiae?a oa c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee aianoiiicoaaiiy.

?ic?iaeai? niiniae caoenoo eeoeiaeo ? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a ca
aeiiiiiaith OE.

Aia?oa aeiaaaeaii, ui o?eueee iiaea?eiee caoeno oianoieeoeiaiai
aianoiiico – oeyoii aa?iaoecaoe?? c aieo na?icii? iaieiiee OE oa
aioo??oiueii?ina?oiiai i?aeaaaeaiiy aei ae?eyiee aianoiiica oei/aniaiai
aioei?e?iaiiai eeoeiaiai aiaeii?ioaeoi?a c IAN, caaacia/o? eiai
a?ieia?/io aa?iaoe/i?noue, iaoai?/io i?oei?noue ? iaae?ei?noue.

?ic?iaeai? ? ai?iaaaeaeai? iia? niiniae aeeiiaiiy i?ei?icaa??aath/eo oa
i?ei?ia?aeiiaethth/eo iia?aoe?e c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee
(A.n. 1572553 oa A.n. 1683697).

Cai?iiiiiaaia iia`ycea-cano?aea aeey aaaaoi?aciaiai ?ice?eooy /a?aaii?
ii?iaeieie a iaei??? oaa?eie c iaoith i?iaaaeaiiy aaeoa??ieia?/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy a aenia?eiaio?, a oaeiae cae?eniaiiy i?ia?aiiaaiiai
eaaaaeo oa eiio?ieth noaio i?aai?a /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie a ee?i?oe?
(Iaoaio Oe?a?ie ? 3687-O??).

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. A aenia?eiaio?, a iio?i a
ee?i?oe? aeiaaaeai? ia?aaaae iaeii?yaeiiai oaa o ii??aiyii? c
aeai?yaeiei. Iaa?oioiaaii aeioe?euei?noue canoinoaaiiy a ee?i?oe?
ia?oiai a?o/eciyiiai oiaiiai iaoa??aeo, ui ?icniieoo?oueny, ieoeaeii.
Cai?iiiiiaaii i?ea?iaeueiee niin?a oi?ioaaiiy aoceiaiai oaa o aeaio
iiaeeo?eaoe?yo c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee. Aeey o??o?a??
iicaia/?ieiaeo aeia/ieo i?ioie iioeiaeueiei ? canoinoaaiiy IAOI
iaoaeao?aai c i?aeaeuaiith no?ee?noth aei inaaeaeaiiy ia eiai iiaa?oi?
aeia/ieo eeneio a ii?aeiaii? c i?aoeec?eiith oaoi?eith iia?oaaiiy.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue na?ae/aoue, ui oiae ia ne?ae canoiniaoaaoe a
o??o?a?? aeia/ieo i?ioie /a?ac iiyao iaaaaeaieo oneeaaeiaiue, ye? ia
caeaaeaoue a?ae oaoi?ee oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica. A o??o?a?? oianoi? eeoee
ii?aaaeaiei ? iiaea?eiee caoeno aianoiiica ca aeiiiiiaith OE oa
oei/aniaeo aioei?e?iaieo eeoeiaeo aiaeii?ioaeoi??a c IAN. Canoinoaaiiy
iia’ycee-cano?aee cieaeo? a??ia?aei?noue aeieeiaiiy oneeaaeiaiue i?e
iaiao?aeiino? iiaoi?iiai ?ice?eooy /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie.

Ee?i?/ia ai?iaaoe?y aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?ic?iaie aoea i?iaaaeaia o
a?aeae?eaiiyo oi?aeaeueii? o??o?a??, o??o?a?? oeoieiai-eeoeiaiai o?aeoo,
o??o?a?? ia/?iee, o??o?a?? i?aeoeoieiai? caeice ? ii?oaeueii?
a?ia?oaic?? ?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? o??o?a?? AII
Oe?a?ie, ia eaoaae?ao oi?aeiaaaeii?iaeueii? ? noaeeiii? o??o?a??,
oaeaeei? oa iaa?aeeeaaeii? iaaee/ii? aeiiiiiae Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii?
aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie, eaoaae??
a?enueeiai? o??o?a?? A?enueeiai-iaaee/iiai ?inoeoooo Oe?a?inueei?
a?enueeiai-iaaee/ii? aeaaeai??, o Ee?anuee?e i?nuee?e ee?i?/i?e e?ea?i?
oaeaeei? iaaee/ii? aeiiiiiae, Aa?eoaanuee?e Oe?E Ee?anueei? iaeano?, 1-e
i?nuee?e ee?i?/i?e e?ea?i? (i. *a?i?aoe?), *aie?iaaoeuee?e Oe?E
Oiaeueieoeueei? iaeano?.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe i?aeoaa?aeaeaia iiceoeaieie iaeaeeae/eie oa
a?ae-aeaeaieie ?acoeueoaoaie iia?aoeaiiai e?eoaaiiy 177 iaoe??io?a c
??cieie o??o?a?/ieie caoai?thaaiiyie i?aai?a o?aaiiai eaiaeo o
ieaiiaiio oa iaa?aeeeaaeiiio ii?yaeeo.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ?iaioe aeeth/ai? aei eaeoe?eiiai eo?no oaiaoe/iiai
oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a c o??o?a?/ii? aano?iaioa?ieia?? Ee?anueei?
iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie,
?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? o??o?a?? AII Oe?a?ie oa
eaoaae?e a?enueeiai? o??o?a?? A?enueeiai-iaaee/iiai ?inoeoooo
Oe?a?inueei? a?enueeiai-iaaee/ii? aeaaeai??.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/ai?
aaoi?ii. Aeena?oaio iniaenoi cae?eniea aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy
ia niaaeao, e?ieyo ? eaai?aoi?ieo uo?ao c ?ic?iaee iiaeo niinia?a
oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiic?a, ?o caoenoo, a oaeiae aeai?o oiaieo iaoa??ae?a oa
ai?iaaaeea ?o o i?aeoeeo. ?ic?iaeai? iiaeae? iia?aoeaieo ao?o/aiue
aeicaieythoue aea/aoe ia?aa?a caiaeueieo i?ioean?a, a oaeiae
?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe?? a ae?eyioe? aianoiiica ca oiiae, iaeneiaeueii
iaaeeaeai? aei ee?i?/ieo. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? oa ee?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
cae?eniai? aaoi?ii iniaenoi. Aeena?oaioii iniaenoi oa ca eiai
aaciina?aaeiueith o/anoth aea/ai? iniaeeaino? caai?iiy aianoiiic?a
caeaaeii a?ae niiniao ?o oi?ioaaiiy, canoiniaaiiai oiaiiai iaoa??aeo oa
caoenoo. Aaoi?ii i?iaaaeaia noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ioi?ieai? ? iaea?aeai? 5 aaoi?nueeeo na?aeioeoa oa 1
iaoaio ia aeiaoiaee. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeeeaaeai? aeena?oaioii
a iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo, ?ioi?iaoe?eieo eenoao, aeo?iaeueieo
noaooyo, oacao, i?aeaioiaeaieo iniaenoi oa o ni?aaaoi?noa?, iaaiai?ai?
ia c`?caeao, neiiic?oiao oa eiioa?aioe?yo. On? ?icae?ee aeena?oaoe??,
aeniiaee oa i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? iaienai? aaoi?ii naiino?eii.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa iaoa??aee ca
oaiith aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? oa iaaiai?ai? ia: ?icoe?aiiio ieaioi?
i?iaeaiii? eii?n?? “Oe?o?aey eaaeeo e ieuaaiaea” (Aeoaane, 1988), 16-io
c`?cae? o??o?a?a Oe?a?inueei? ?N? (Iaeana, 1988), 8-io Ananithciiio
iaoeiaiio neiiiceoi? “Neioaoe/aneea iieeia?u iaaeeoeeineiai iacia/aiey”
(Ee?a, 1989), 1-e Ananithci?e eiioa?aioe?? “Nia?aiaiiua iiaeoiaeu e
?ac?aaioea yooaeoeaiuo ia?aayci/iuo n?aaenoa e oiaiuo iaoa?eaeia”
(Iineaa, 1989), Congress of emergency and disaster medicine
(Czechoslovakia, 1989), 22-io ieaioi? i?aae?iiy Ananithciiai oiaa?enoaa
o??o?a?a ? 5-io c`?cae? o??o?a?a Eacaonoaio (Aeia-Aoa, 1990), can?aeaii?
i?iaeaiii? eii?n?? “Eneonnoaaiiua i?aaiu” (Iineaa, 1990), ae?oa?e
i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? aeiao?aeiee?a (Ee?a,
1990), 5-io c`?cae? o??o?a?a ?anioae?e Na?aaeiuei? Ac?? ? Eacaonoaio
(Oaoeaio, 1991), i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? c i?iaeai iaaeeoeeie
eaoano?io (Ee?a, 1992), Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei?
i?iaeaie aeno?aiaeueii? iaaeeoeeie” (Ee?a, 1993), 5-e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? aeiao?aeiee?a ? i?aei?e?ioe?a “Iaoea e i?iecaiaenoai –
cae?aaiio?aiaieth” (Ee?a, 1993), ? (OO??) c`?cae? o??o?a?a Oe?a?ie
(Euea?a, 1994), iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
iiaeaiiy aeno?aii? iaaee/ii? aeiiiiiae i?e iaa?aeeeaaeieo noaiao” (Ee?a,
1995), can?aeaii? iaoeiaiai oiaa?enoaa o??o?a?a i.Ee?aa oa Ee?anueei?
iaeano? (Ee?a, 1998).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? 40 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue: o oaoiaeo ia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiiyo – 18, a oiio /ene? – 7
naiino?eii; o iaoeiaeo ca??ieeao c’?cae?a oa eiioa?aioe?e – 22. Io?eiaii
5 na?aeioeoa oa 1 iaoaio Oe?a?ie ia aeiaoiaee, a oaeiae 3 iina?ae/aiiy
ia ?aoe?iiae?caoi?nuee? i?iiiceoe??. Aeiouai? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
oa 2 ?ioi?iaoe?eieo eenoe.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 459 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieno. Neeaaea?oueny c anooio, iaeyaeo e?oa?aoo?e, 5 aeaa aeanieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, caeeth/aiiy ? aeniiae?a. Iieaae/ee e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a?
649 aeaea?ae. Aeena?oaoe?y ?ethno?iaaia 14 oaaeeoeyie oa 193 iaethieaie
? oioia?ao?yie.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

Iaoa??aee oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c
aenia?eiaioaeueii? /anoeie, yeo aeeiiaii ia 779 eaai?aoi?ieo oaa?eiao
(17 na??e aenia?eiaio?a), oa ee?i?/ii?, ui aeeth/a? aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaieo niinia?a oa e?eoaaiiy 177 iaoe??io?a c
??cieie o??o?a?/ieie caoai?thaaiiyie i?aai?a /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie o
ieaiiaiio oa iaa?aeeeaaeiiio ii?yaeeo.

Aenia?eiaioaeueia /anoeia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiaia ia a?eeo uo?ao,
e?ieyo, ii?iaee oeioeea oa aacii??aeieo niaaeao ianith o?ea a?ae 15 aei
35 ea. Aea?? eaai?aoi?ieo oaa?ei aecia/aiee iinoaaeaiieie caaaeaiiyie a
eiaei?e eiie?aoi?e na??? aenia?eiaio?a. Iia?aoe?? aeeiioaaee ia
no?aaioiae?, oeoieo, oiie?e ? oiano?e eeooe?, a oaeiae ia iicaia/?ieiaeo
aeia/ieo i?ioieao.

Aea?? ia`?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aoa ia aeiaaeeiaei, ine?eueee iia?aoeai?
ao?o/aiiy ia aeacaieo i?aaiao, a oiio /ene? ??ci? niiniae oi?ioaaiiy
aianoiiic?a, oe?iei aeei?enoiaothoue a no/ani?e i?aeoe/i?e o??o?a??,
ui iio?aaoaaei aeey ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue noai?aiiy iiaeaeae
ee?i?/ieo iia?aoe?e ia oeeo i?aaiao.

Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea aeaieo i?iaaaeaia ca aeiiiiiaith e?eoa???a
O?oa?a-No’thaeaioa, c aeei?enoaiiyi noaiaea?oieo eiii’thoa?ieo i?ia?ai.

Aiae?c aeaieo e?oa?aoo?e, i?enay/aii? aena?oeaiith i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy
eeoeiai oaa, na?ae/eoue, ui c aaeeei? e?eueeino? i?e/ei ? oaeoi??a, ye?
aieeaathoue ia eiai ye?noue ? iaae?ei?noue, iniiaieie ? oae?: 1) niin?a
? oaoi?ea oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica; 2) canoiniaaiee aeey oeueiai oiaiee
iaoa??ae; 3) niin?a caoenoo aianoiiica.

C iaeyaeo ia oea ?iaioa aoaeoaaeanue ca i?eioeeiii iine?aeiaiiai
aea/aiiy iniiaieo i?e/ei ? oaeoi??a, a?ae yeeo a iaea?eueo?e i???
caeaaeaoue ye?noue ? iaae?ei?noue noi?iiaaiiai aianoiiica, c iiaeaeueoei
?o oaeineiiaeaiiyi oa ?ic?iaeith iiaeo, ui ni?eyoeeai aieeaaoeia ia
ia?aa?a i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe?? a ae?eyieao aianoiiic?a oa
caaacia/oaaoeia ?o iaeneiaeueio iaae?ei?noue.

Aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue na?ae/eoue, ui iniiai? i?e/eie,
ye? iaaaoeaii aieeaathoue ia ye?noue aianoiiica oae?: 1. Ia i?aaeeueiee
aea?? niiniao oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica aai eiai iaaaeaeaaoia aeei?enoaiiy
yeui aianoiiic noi?iiaaiee ca aeiiiiiaith aeai- oa o?e?yaeiiai oaa,
i?aeaeuo?oueny ?ecee eiai iani?iiiaeiino? aiane?aeie o?aaiaoe/iino?,
aaeeei? e?eueeino? oiaiiai iaoa??aeo ye ?aaeoe?y ia /oaei??aeia o?ei,
aoi?eiiiai ?io?eoaaiiy oeaiei, ii?ooaiiy ?iia?aaoe?? ? e?iaiiinoa/aiiy
c`?aeiaieo oeaiei, i?iieeiaiiy ?ioaeoe?? i?ae iaieiieaie. Ia?aaaao,
ne?ae iaaeaaaoe iaeii?yaeiiio oao c oi/iei ni?anoaaeaiiyi iaeii??aeieo
iaieiiie ? canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee. 2. Aea?? oiaiiai
iaoa??aeo, iaaaeaeaaoiiai ca a?ieia?/ieie aeanoeainoyie oa no?oeoo?ith.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui c aea/aieo oiaieo iaoa??ae?a, ye? a iaea?eueo?e i???
a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai no/anii? o??o?a??, iaea?eueo i?eeiyoi?
neioaoe/i? ieoee, ui ?icniieoothoueny oa IAOI (ca aeeeth/aiiyi oiaeo).
3. Iaaeinoaoi? aeei?enoaiiy a i?aeoe/i?e o??o?a?? iaoiae?a caoenoo
aianoiiic?a (c aei?iaoaaieo iaie iaoiae?a iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieie
aeyaeeeny aa?iaoecaoe?y e?i?? oa?a OE (e?aua aooieea?i) oa
aioo??oiueii?ina?oia i?aeaaaeaiiy aei ae?eyiee aianoiiica oei/aniaiai
eeoeiaiai aioei?e?iaiiai aiaeii?ioaeoi?a c IAN.

Oaeei /eiii, o?eueee eiiieaenia ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie, a oaeiae
iioeiaeueia ii?aeiaiiy iniiaieo neeaaeiaeo, ye? a iaea?eueo?e i???
aieeaathoue ia iaae?ei?noue aianoiiica, ni?eyoeia ciaioaiith /anoioe
aeieeiaiiy iani?iiiaeiino? oa?a aianoiiic?a, iie?auaiith
ooieoe?iiaeueieo ?acoeueoao?a iia?aoeaieo ao?o/aiue ia ii?iaeienoeo
i?aaiao o?aaiiai eaiaeo.

Ia?aaaaa neioaoe/ieo ieoie, ui ?icniieoothoueny o ii??aiyii? c
a?ieia?/ieie, a oaeiae neioaoe/ieie, ui ia ?icniieoothoueny iacaia?a/ia
(Y.C.E?aneaneee, 1991; I.K.Stone, 1988), oiio i?iaaaeaiiy ii??aiyeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue aaaaeaee ia aeioe?eueiei. Nii/aeo aoee i?iaaaeai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy o aeaeyae? /ioe?ueio na??e c ii??aiyeueiiai aea/aiiy
eeoeiaeo oa oeoieiai-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi
neioaoe/ieie oiaieo iaoa??ae?a ui ?icniieoothoueny – aeaeniio, a?e?eeo,
iie?ae?ienaiiio oa ia?oiai a?o/eciyiyiiai neioaoe/iiai oiaiiai iaoa??aeo
, ui ?icniieoo?oueny ieoeaeiio.

Ieoea ?ic?iaeaia ni?a?ia?oieeaie Aea?aeaaiiai Oeaio?o c aeine?aeaeaiiy
e?ea?nueeeo cania?a i.Oa?ueeiaa (A.A.ssnieoeueeee, A.I.Oeoeaiiaa,
A.I.I?eaei?iaa, ss.?.Oiaeaeae), a oaeiae ?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii? o??o?a?? AII Oe?a?ie (I.I.Oae?iia, TH.I.Oo?iaiia,
A.I.Neeue/aiei, N.I.Oae?iia). Oea neioaoe/ia e?o/aia aooinoa?eeueia
ieoea c iiaeeo?eiaaii? oeaetheice. Aiia ia ni?aaey? nainea?e?coth/iai oa
a?noioiene/iiai aieeao, ai??iaaiia. Ieoeaeii ia? oi?io? iai?ioeyoe?ei?
aeanoeaino?. Iniiaiith ia?aaaaith ieoee, ui aeae?ey? ?? c ?yaeo N?OI, ?
iiaeeea?noue ?aaoethaaiiy no?ie?a ao?aoe i?oeiino? ? ?icniieooaaiiy
oeyoii ci?ie nooiaith ?? ieeneaiiy i?ae /an aeaioiaeaiiy.

C iaeyaeo ia iniaeeaino? N?OI, ye? aea?aeii a?ae??ciythoue ?o a?ae
iaoa??aeo, ui ia ?icniieoo?oueny, ie ?ic?iaeee “Niinia iaeiaeaiey
iaeii?yaeiiai ?annanuaathuaainy oaa ieuaaa?eoaeueiiai o?aeoa” (A.n. ?
1146016) yeee o iiai?e i??? ?ice?eaa? ia?aaaae neioaoe/ieo ieoie ui
?icniieoothoueny, a a noeoiiino? (niin?a oi?ioaaiiy ? oiaiee iaoa??ae)
caaacia/o? iaeneiaeueii ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey iiaiioe?iii? ?aaaia?aoe??
oeaiei, ye? coeaathoue, oaeaeeiai a?aeiiaeaiiy ooieoe?? iia?iaaiiai
i?aaia, cieaeaiiy aei i?i?ioio /anoioe oneeaaeiaiue, coiiaeaieo
canoinoaaiiyi oiaieo iaoa??ae?a oa niiniao oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica.

Iaei??th c i?e/ei, ye? cia/ii aieeaathoue ia ye?noue oa iaae?ei?noue
aianoiiica, ? iaiaaeai?noue oaoi?/ieo iiaeeeainoae o??o?aa i?ae /an
canoinoaaiiy caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo iaoiae?a iia?oaaiiy. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a
aaaeii?iaeueio o??o?a?th i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee c aeaiaioaie i?e?io??o?a??
aeicaiey? oi?ioaaoe a?eueo ye?ni? oa iaae?ei?o? aianoiiice, a oaeiae
cia/ii iie?aueoe ooieoe?iiaeuei? ?acoeueoaoe iia?aoe?e ia ii?iaeienoeo
i?aaiao o?aaiiai eaiaeo ?, ioaea, i?aeiyoe oeae ?icae?e o??o?a?? ia
a?eueo aenieee ye?niee ??aaiue.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaiee o a?o/eciyi?e o??o?a?/i?e i?aeoeoe? IAOI iaoaeao?aai
aeicaiey? ?aae?coaaoe iinoaaeaia caaaeaiiy. Ieoea iaoaeao?aai ?ic?iaeaia
ni?a?ia?oieeaie Ee?anueeiai iie?oaoi?/iiai ?inoeoooo oa ?inoeoooo
ee?i?/ii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? o??o?a?? AII Oe?a?ie.

Iaoaeao?aai – oea caaa?aeaia iie?eai?iai?aeia ieoea c aieeith,
noi?iiaaiith ia ?? e?ioe? oeyoii iine?aeiaiiai aeaeo?io?i?/iiai
inaaeaeoaaiiy aeayeeo iaoae?a. Iaoaeao?aai ia? aeia?? o?ceei-iaoai?/i? ?
iai?ioeyoe?ei? aeanoeaino?, ieoeo iiaeia ynii aa/eoe a iia?aoe?ei?e
?ai?. Aieea, ? i?iaeiaaeaiiyi ieoee, i?oeia, aino?a, eaaei i?ioiaeeoue
/a?ac oeaieie, ia? ??cio e?eaecio ? aeiaaeeio caeaaeii a?ae i?noey
canoinoaaiiy.

I?ae /an ?iaioe IAOI iaoaeao?aai aoa oaeineiiaeaiee, ui ni?eyei cia/iiio
iie?auaiith eiai o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae, ieoea noaea a?eueo
i?oeiith caaaeyee canoinoaaiith i?eaeaai-eiaaeueoiaiai nieaao.
Iayai?noue iie?ia?iiai a?ae?ioiaiiai iie?eooy cia/ii i?aeaeueea ??
a?ieia?/io noi?ni?noue c oeaieiaie. Oea aaeeea ia?aaaaa ieoee, aa?o/e
aei oaaae iiaeeea?noue eiioaeoo c aa?aneaiei na?aaeiaeuai ( oeoieiaee ?
eeoa/iee nie, aeia/).

Ianooii? o?noue na??e aenia?eiaio?a aoee i?enay/ai? ii??aiyeueiiio
aea/aiith no?aaio?aeieo, eeoeiaeo oa aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a,
noi?iiaaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi ?iii?oiiai IAOI a??aeaeei n?ee, i?ie?i oa
ia?oiai a?o/eciyiiai IAOI iaoaeao?aaia c canoinoaaiiyi i?e?io??o?a?/ii?
oaoi?ee.

?ici??e caaaeueii? ia/?ieiai? i?ioiee (CII) a?eiai uo?a iano?eueee iae?,
ui ia aeicaieythoue oi?ioaaoe aeia/ii-eeoeiaee aianoiiic iaa?oue ?c
canoinoaaiiyi iia?aoe?eiiai i?e?ineiia. Aeey ca?eueoaiiy ae?aiao?a CII ?
oiaueie ?? no?iee, aeinoaoi?o aeey iiaeeeaiai aianoiiicoaaiiy, oa c
iaoith iaaeeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiic?a ca iaoyaeaieo oiia ? aea/aiiy
ia?aa?ao i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe?? a neooaoe?yo, iaaeeaeaieo
aei ee?i?/ieo (ca iayaiino? aeiaoyieoe?, oieaia?oo, ia/?ieiai?
iaaeinoaoiino?), aianoiiice oi?ioaaee i?ney iiia?aaeiueiai noaiicoaaiiy
CII a i?noe? aoiaeaeaiiy ?? a aeaaiaaeoeyoeiaeo eeoeo (AeIE) ca 7 ae?a
aei iia?aoe??.

?ic?iaeaia iiaeaeue iaoo?aoe?eii? aeiaoyieoe?: aeey noaiicoaaiiy
i?ina?oo CII iaaeiei ?? onoy ia no?ieo AeIE iaeeaaeaee
na?icii-i`yciai-i?aeneeciaee oia (iina?ae/aiiy ia aaeocaao
?aoe?iiae?caoi?nueeo i?iiiceoe?th ? 901). I?e iiaeaethaaii?
iaoo?aoe?eii? aeiaoyieoe? ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith iaoiaeeeith
i?neyiia?aoe?eia eaoaeuei?noue oaa?ei a 7 ?ac?a ia?aaeuoaaea iieaciee
i?e canoinoaaii? cai?iiiiiaaii? iiaeae?). Ia iniia? aeaieo a?io?i?/ieo
oa a?noieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeiaaaeaia aaeaeaaoi?noue ?ic?iaeaii?
iiaeae? aiaeiaaiii? ?ioien?eaoe?? o?eaaeiio oieanoaco, ui
niinoa??aathoue o ee?i?/ieo oiiaao.

Iioeiaeueiei no?ieii aeey oi?ioaaiiy aeia/ia?aea?aeiiai aianoiiica ?
7-ia aeiaa c iiiaioo aeieeiaiiy iaoo?aoe?eii? aeiaoyieoe?. Ia oeae /an
ia oii? aeia?iye?niiai ia?aa?ao aeiaoyieoe? ae?aiao? CII noaiiaea
3,5-5,5 ii, oiaueia ?? no?iee – 0,6-0,7 ii, ai?no caaaeueiiai a?e??oa?io
a ne?iaaooe? e?ia? – (115,5+5,3) ieiieue/e. I?ae /an a?noieia?/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy a no?ioe? CII aeyaeyee aiaieuaaa caiaeueia ?ic?inoaiiy
caeic ai?oae?th c oi?ioaaiiyi niieo/ii? oeaieie.

C iaoith ii??aiyiiy ia?aa?ao caai?iiy no?aaio?aeieo ? eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a oaeiae ca iaoyaeaieo oiia iaie i?iaaaeai? o?e na???
aenia?eiaio?a (129 oaa?ei), ?acoeueoaoe yeeo na?ae/eee i?i ni?eyoeeaee
ia?aa?a i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai caai?iiy, a oaeiae aenieo ye?noue oiaieo
iaoa??ae?a, ui ii??aithaaee. ?ic?iaeaiee “Niinia iiaeaee?iaaiey
?iaeiaaiiie eioieneeaoeee” (A.n. 1501129). Iaeii?aciai
aioo??oiueii/a?aaeiii aaiaeeee noi?o? niieoe, ui ? i?iaeoeoaie
i?e?iaeiiai iaoaaie?cio, aiaeieo ?ic/ei?a iiei/ii? eeneioe 330 ia/ea,
aiii?th oei?eaeo 116 ia/ea, na/iaeie 3200 ia/ea oa na/iai? eeneioe 68,5
ia/ea, ui a?aeiia?aeaei 1/2 EAe16 aeey eiaeiiai c cacia/aieo eiiiiiaio?a
ca oaeiai niiniao aaaaeaiiy. Nooi?iue oiene/iino? eiaeiiai eiiiiiaioo
aecia/aee ca iaoiaeii E?o/o?eaea ? A?eeieniia c ianooiiith iiaoaeiaith
aeicicaeaaeii? i?yii? oiene/iino?. Ee?i?/i? iciaee aiaeiaaiii?
?ioieneeaoe?? aa?eo?eiaai? aeaieie iaoiii?oieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
ia/?iee, ie?ie, na?oey oa eeoa/ieea aeyaeyee oyaee? aeeno?io?/i? oa
aiaieuaa? iae?ia?ioe/i? ci?ie i?aai?a ye iane?aeie cia/ieo ?iceaae?a
i?e?ioee?eoeyoe??, ui aeieeaee i?ae /an iiaeaethaaiiy aiaeiaaiii?
?ioien?eaoe?? i?ae aieeaii i?e?iaeieo iaoaaie?o?a. I?ioyaii 3 ae?a 50%
oaa?ei caaeioee a?ae aiaeioieneeico, o ?aooe a?i iaaoa o?ii?/iiai
ia?aa?ao, oaa?eie iaeoaeaee /a?ac 12-14 ae?a a?ae ii/aoeo aenia?eiaioo.
Cai?iiiiiaaia iiaeaeue a?aeiia?aea? ia?aa?ao aiaeiaaiii?
?ioieneeaoe??, yeo niinoa??aathoue o ee?i?/ieo oiiaao (A.ss.Aaeue, 1987)
? iiaea aooe canoiniaaia aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a caai?iiy
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ca iaoyaeaieo oiia.

AEia/ii-eeoeia? aianoiiice oi?ioaaee ca O?inoa?a?ii, iiaeeo?eoaaaoe
niin?a iaeeaaeaiiyi iaeii?yaeiiai aioo??oiueiaoceiaiai oaa. Oaeee aeae
oaa (aocee ieoie ?icoaoiaai? ia neecia?e iaieiioe?), ia?aiee iaie c
iaoith aea/aiiy e?oiaaiieo aeanoeainoae IAOI, ui aea/aee. A on?o oanoe
na??yo aenia?eiaio?a aeei?enoiaoaaee oiaiee iaoa??ae c oiiaiei iiia?ii
8/0. Iniiai? aoaie iia?aoe?? (iia?e?caoe?y i?aai?a, ?icoei aai
?acaeoe?y, oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica) aeeiioaaee c canoinoaaiiyi
i?e?io??o?a?/ieo ?ino?oiaio?a – (c iaai??a ?ino?oiaio?a aeey
i?e?inoaeeiieo oa i/ieo iia?aoe?e) ? iia?aoe?eiiai i?e?ineiia o??ie
“Karl Zeiss”, iiaeaeue 310 (ca?eueoaiiy o 4 – 40 e?ao, ?iai/a oieonia
a?aenoaiue 200 ii).

Iniiaieie iaoiaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy aianoiiic?a aoee ii?oieia?/iee
(aea/aee aeeiai?eo caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? oa i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii?
?aaaia?aoe?? a no?ioe? aianoiiica) oa oaic?iiao?e/iee (aecia/aee o?ce/io
aa?iaoe/i?noue oa iaoai?/io i?oei?noue noi?iiaaieo aianoiiic?a).

I?ioeane caai?iiy a ae?eyioe? aianoiiica, noi?iiaaiiai ca oiiae
aiaeiaaiii? ?ioien?eaoe?? c canoinoaaiiyi i?e?io??o?a?/ii? oaoi?ee
iia?oaaiiy ? IAOI, aeeth/athoue ?yae aoai?a ? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
caaaeueieie caeiiii??iinoyie iacaeaaeii a?ae canoiniaaiiai oiaiiai
iaoa??aeo.

Iaea?eueo aeinoia??io ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy i?aoeec?eii?
oaoi?ee c aeaiaioaie i?e?io??o?a?? io?eiaee i?ae /an ii??aiyeueiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeaie
oa c aeei?enoaiiyi cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii?
oaoi?ee ? aeaiaio?a i?e?io??o?a??. Uia aeiaanoe ia?aaaae iaoiaeeee,
ne?ae aeeiiaoe ao?o/aiiy a iaeiaeiaeo oiiaao iaeieie ?oeaie. Oea noaei
iaa?oiooaaiiyi aeey i?iaaaeaiiy ianooiieo na??e aenia?eiaio?a.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiai? ia 118 eaai?aoi?ieo oaa?eiao o aeaeyae?
/ioe?ueio na??e aenia?eiaio?a. O ? oa ?? na??yo aeei?enoiaoaaee
iaea?eueo iioe?ai? a i?aeoe/i?e o??o?a?? niiniae oi?ioaaiiy
iaeii?yaeiiai aioo??oiueiaoceiaiai na?icii-i`yciai-i?aeneeciaiai oaa ca
Ie?iaiaei-Iaoaooeii ? aeai?yaeiiai oaa Eaiaa?oa-Oi?aeaia; o ??? ? ?V
na??yo – ?ic?iaeaiee iaie “Niinia iaeiaeaiey iaeii?yaeiiai oceiaiai
eeoa/iiai oaa” (A.n. 1787433), yeee oi?iothoue o aeaio aa??aioao
caeaaeii a?ae canoiniaaiiai IAOI, ui ia ?icniieoo?oueny aai
?icniieoo?oueny, c iaia`yceiaei aeei?enoaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee.

I?ae /an ?ic?iaee niiniao aianoiiicoaaiiy a?aee aei oaaae iaaeie?ee
caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo iaoiae?a oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica, a oaeiae oiaieo
iaoa??ae?a.

I?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica iaa?oue c aeei?enoaiiyi IAOI iaea?eueo
neaaeei i?noeai ? aocie e?aaoo?e, aea iae/ano?oa aeieeathoue ??ci?
i?neyiia?aoe?ei? oneeaaeiaiiy (i?ieaaei?, ae?acee, iae?ic, o?ii?/iee
caiaeueiee i?ioean). C iaeyaeo ia oea, i?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica ca
?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith aocee an?o oa?a (i?e aeei?enoaii? IAOI ui ia
?icniieoo?oueny – ia neecia?e iaieiioe?, ui ?icniieoo?oueny – ia
na?ici?e) ?icoaoiaoaaee a oaoiaoiiio ii?yaeeo ca e?i??th aianoiiica, ui
aeeeth/aei o?aaioaaiiy oeaiei a oe?e ae?eyioe?, a canoinoaaiiy IAOI ?
i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee c aeaiaioaie i?e?io??o?a?? noai?thaaei iaeneiaeueii
ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey caai?iiy aianoiiica ia?aeiiei iaoyaii ? a ei?ioe?
no?iee.

Aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy ia?aaaa oa iaaeie?e?a ii??aithaaieo aianoiiic?a
canoinoaaee o?e iaoiaee eiio?ieth, ui aeicaieyei ia`?eoeaii ioe?ieoe ?o
– ii?oieia?/iee, oaic?iiao?e/iee ? ?aioaaiieia?/iee.

Iiaioaaiiy oaoiieia?? i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee iia?oaaiiy c on?ia ??
eiiiiiaioaie aeicaieeei ?ic?iaeoe a aenia?eiaio? oa ai?iaaaeeoe a
ee?i?eo iaoiaee i?ei?icaa??aath/eo oa i?ei?ia?aeiiaethth/eo iia?aoe?e c
i?eaiaeo oneeaaeiaii? ae?aceiai? oai?iae oeoiea ? AeIE : “Niinia
ieei?iieanoeee” (A.n. 1683697), “Niinia oi?ie?iaaiey aeiia eoeueoe
aeaeoaeea i?e aai ?acaeoeee” (A.n. 1572553). Canoinoaaiiy oe???
oaoi?ee iia?oaaiiy aeicaieeei aeeoa?aioe?thaaoe oiie? aiaoii?/i?
no?oeoo?e, niaoe?aeueia ?iai/a iiaa?oiy i?e?io??o?a?/ieo ?ino?oiaio?a
caaacia/oaaea i?i?iaeueia o?aaioaaiiy oeaiei aac ii?ooaiiy ?o
e?iaiiinoa/aiiy oa ?iia?aaoe??. Canoinoaaiiy oiieiai a?aaeoeaiiai
a?o/eciyiiai IAOI iaoaeao?aai 5/0-6/0 oa ca?eueooaaeueii? iioeee (o 4,5)
aeicaieeei oi/ii ? ao?aaiaoe/ii c`?aeioaaoe iaeii??aei? oeaieie.

Ianooiiei aoaiii aoea ?ic?iaea niinia?a caoenoo aianoiiica, ui ia?
aaee/acia cia/aiiy a i?aeoe/i?e o??o?a??. Iaeiei c ia?niaeoeaieo
iai?yie?a ? ?ic?iaea niinia?a oiaii-eeaeiaiai aianoiiicoaaiiy, ye?
caaacia/othoue a?ieia?/io aa?iaoe/i?noue aianoiiica, aenieo iaoai?/io
i?oei?noue. Iaea?eueo iiceoeaii ca?aeiiaiaeoaaee naaa eiiiiceoe?? ia
iniia? ae?eeao?a, cie?aia iaaee/iee eeae noeueoae?eeao – 1
(A.A.Aenaeoia, 1984; I.A.Aii/a?aiei, 1997), a oaeiae o?a?eiia?
eiiiiceoe?? (S.Ohwada et al., 1998).

Iniiaieie iaoiaeaie eiio?ieth yeino? oiaii-eeaeiaeo aianoiiic?a aoee
ii?oieia?/iee (aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? a no?ioe?
aianoiiica, i?ioean?a ?aia?aoe??), oaic?iiao?e/iee (aecia/aiiy
oaeaeeino? a?aeiiaeaiiy i?oeiino? oa o?ce/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? aianoiiica),
aaeoa??ieia?/iee (ioe?iea a?ieia?/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? aianoiiica oa
nooiaiy eiai i?e?iaii? i?iieeiino?, yeee, a naith /a?ao, aecia/a?
oyaee?noue caiaeueii-iae?ioe/ieo ci?i no?iee aianoiiica oa ?o aeeaeio).

I?iaaaeai? o?e na??? aenia?eiaio?a c ii??aiyeueiiai aea/aiiy niinia?a
oiaii-eeaeiaiai oi?ioaaiiy eeoeiaeo ? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a ia
124 eaai?aoi?ieo oaa?eiao. Anueiai noi?iiaai? 174 aianoiiice ca
?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee ? ieoie
iaoaeao?aai, aeaenii ? a?e?ee 6/0-8/0. Aeey aa?iaoecaoe?? oa?a
aeei?enoiaoaaee iaaee/iee eeae noeueoae?eeao-1 oa a?ieia?/io
aeaieiiiiiaioio eeaeiao eiiiiceoe?th ia iniia? o?a?eiiaaio ( ?ic?iaea
ni?a?ia?oiee?a eaai?aoi??? a?io?i?? Ee?anueeiai IAe? ioiea?eiaieia?? ?i.
I.?.Eieii?e/aiea IIC Oe?a?ie oa ?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? ? aenia?eiaioaeueii?
o??o?a?? AII Oe?a?ie) ye iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeai?, c iaoith ioe?iee ?o
ia?aaaa ? iaaeie?e?a.

Ia?oei eiiiiiaioii OE aoa a?eeiaee eiioeaio?ao (o?a?eiiaai,
o?a?einoaa?e?coth/ee oaeoi?, o?a?iiaeoei) oa ?ia?a?oi? i?ioaac; ae?oaei
– o?iia?i, ?ic/eiaiee a ?cioii?/iiio ?ic/ei? iao??th oei?eaeo c
aeiaeaaaiiyi 0,44% ?ic/eio eaeueoe?th oei?eaeo.

Neeaaeia? /anoeie OE (i?ney iiia?aaeiueiai iaa??aaiiy aei oaiia?aoo?e
370 N) iaeii/anii iaiineee ia e?i?th oa?a noi?iiaaiiai aianoiiica ca
aeiiiiiaith ?i?iaeaiiai i?eno?ith (iina?ae/aiiy i?i ?aoe?iiae?caoi?nueeo
i?iiiceoe?th ? 28/90).

C iaoith caaacia/aiiy a?eueoi? iaae?eiino? oianoieeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a,
i?aeaeuaiiy ?o a?ieia?/ii? oa o?ce/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? ?ic?iaeaiee niin?a
?o iiaea?eiiai caoenoo (c aieo neeciai? iaieiiee – ca aeiiiiiaith
oei/aniaiai i?ioei?e?iaiiai eeoeiaiai aiaeii?ioaeoi?a c IAN, c aieo
na?icii? iaieiiee – OE).

C iaoith aea/aiiy i?ioei?e?iaieo aeanoeainoae aiaeii?ioaeoi?a ia
oaa?eiao o aeeiai?oe?, a oaeiae iaae?eiino? oa a?ieia?/ii? aa?iaoe/iino?
aianoiiic?a c iiaea?eiei caoenoii ?ic?iaeaia iia’ycea-cano?aea (Iaoaio
Oe?a?ie 3687-O??).

O ee?i?oe? eiio?ieue yeino?, o?c?ieia?/iino? oa iaae?eiino?
ai?iaaaeaeaaieo iaoiae?a cae?enithaaee ca aeiiiiiaith ee?i?/ieo,
eaai?aoi?ieo, ?aioaaiieia?/ieo oa aiaeineii?/ieo iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

INIIAI? ?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIIss

Iiaiioe?iia oa iaoneeaaeiaia caai?iiy aianoiiica caaacia/othoue ?yae
oaeoi??a, c iaeiiai aieo oaoi?ea ? niin?a eiai oi?ioaaiiy, c ?ioiai,
ye?noue oiaiiai iaoa??aeo. I?ae /an aiae?co aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue aeiaaaeaii, ui oi?ioaaiiy iaeii?yaeiiai oaa ca
?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoa??aeo ui ?icniieoo?oueny
caaacia/o? aeinoaoith iaae?ei?noue aianoiiica, caaaeyee ni?anoaaeaiith
iaeii??aeieo oeaiei, i?i?iaeuei?e ?o o?aaiaoecaoe??, cieaeaiith ?eceeo
?io?eoaaiiy no?iee aianoiiica (ieoee ia aeoiaeyoue a i?ina?o i?aaia).
Iaea?eueo iaae?eiee aianoiiic, noi?iiaaiee c aeei?enoaiiyi ieoee
ieoeaeii. Ieoea ia? aioei?e?iai? aeanoeaino? /a?ac iayai?noue a i?e
ieneo?iie?io, ui o aaeee?e i??? cieaeo? ?ecee ?io?eoaaiiy no?iee i?aaia
? oiaieo eaiae?a oa iiaeaeueoiai iiaeeeaiai i?iieeiaiiy ?ioaeoe?? aei
a?eueii? /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie.

Ieoea iie?ae?ienaiii ia? iacaaeia?euei? iai?ioeyoe?ei? aeanoeaino?:
aeoaea aei?noea, aeey ooai?aiiy i?oeiiai aocea iio??aii i?eeeanoe aaeee?
coneeey, aeey eiai oo?eiaiiy ne?ae caa`ycoaaoe o?e, a oi ? /ioe?e
aocee. E?ioe? ieoee o?aaiothoue iaaeieeoi? oeaieie, ui a on?o
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oaa?ei ni?e/eieei ae?aaeaiee niaeeiaee i?ioean, a o
aeaio niinoa?aaeaiiyo – iani?iiiaei?noue oa?a aianoiiica ? caaeaaeue
oaa?ei, ui iia`ycaia ia c iaoiaeeeith oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica, a c
canoiniaaiei oiaiei iaoa??aeii.

O ii?oieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiio aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ca aeiiiiiaith
aeaeniio, a?e?eeo, iie?ae?ienaiiio ? ieoeaeiio aeiaaaeaii, ui ia?aa?a
?aiiaiai i?ioeano a ae?eyioe? aianoiiica i?eioeei?aeueii iaeiaeiaee,
iniaeeaino? caiaeaiiy aeyaeyee o?eueee a ciiao eieae?caoe?? oiaiiai
iaoa??aeo. I?e oeueiio a?aei?/aii a?eueo o?eaaea ia?aaoaaiiy a oeaieiao
ieoie iie?ae?ienaiiio oa iaio ?ioaineaia ?o ?icniieooaaiiy, ui a aeayeeo
oaa?ei coiiaethaaei ii?ooaiiy i?ioean?a ?aaaia?aoe??. I?i oea na?ae/eea
cao?eiea ?aaaia?aoe?? neeciai? iaieiiee.

I?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy eeoeiaeo ? oeoieiai-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a ca
?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith c aeei?enoaiiyi neioaoe/ieo ieoie, ui
?icniieoothoueny, aeaeniio, a?e?eeo, iie?ae?ienaiiio ? ieoeaeiio
niinoa??aaee a?aeiiaeaiiy neeciai? iaieiiee oa oi?ioaaiiy
niieo/iioeaieiiiai ?oaoey a no?ioe? aianoiiica iaeaea a iaei? e o?ae
nai? no?iee. I?ioa, ia?aa?a i?ioean?a ?aaaia?aoe?? a oeaieiao, coeoeo
ieoeith ieoeaeii, aoa a?eueo ni?eyoeeaei, ine?eueee ieoea c ia?oeo
oaeeei ?? ?iieaioaoe?? i?inyeoaaeanue e?ia`th ? oeaieiiith ??aeeiith,
ii/eiaea ?icaieieiyoenue, i?aeo?a?eey?i? u?eeie ? ?aiia? eaiaee
o?iiaoaaeeny ai?noii ?aie. Caaaeyee aenie?e ?aci?aoeai?e caeaoiino?
oiaiiai iaoa??aeo, ieoea aei 10-21-? aeiae ao?a/aea i?oei?noue,
/anoeiai ?icaieieiyeanue, ?icniieooaaeanue, aiane?aeie /iai ciaiooaaany
o?aeoe?eiee oene ia coeo? oeaieie, ui ni?eyei iaoneeaaeiaiiio ia?aa?ao
?aiiaiai i?ioeano. Aeaenii, a?e?ee ? iie?ae?ienaiii a?eueo no?ee? aei
?icniieooaaiiy, iicaaaeai? oeeo iiceoeaieo yeinoae. E??i oiai, aei
neeaaeo ieoeaeiio aoiaeeoue ien?o?iie?i, ui caaacia/o? eieaeueiee
aaeoa??inoaoe/iee aoaeo. Ana oea na?ae/eoue i?i cia/i? ia?aaaae
ieoeaeiio o ii??aiyii? c ca?oa?aeieie aiaeiaaie. Ieoea a?eueo i`yea ?
aeanoe/ia, i?ae ?iii?oi? ieoee, ca i?i?iaeueieo coneeue ooai?ththoueny
i?oei? eiiiaeoi? aocee, i?e oeueiio aeinoaoiuei caa’ycaoe ?o aea?/?, ui
aeicaiey? ciaioeoe e?euee?noue oiaiiai iaoa??aeo, ui caeeoa?oueny a
oeaieiao. E?ioe? ieoee ia o?aaiothoue oeaieie. Ieoeaeii ia ia? aiaeia?a
ca ei?aeiiii, no?iee eiai ?icniieooaaiiy a oeaieiao ?aaeaiaioiaai? i?ae
/an aeaioiaeaiiy ieoee ? caeaaeaoue ia o?eueee a?ae ?? oiaueie, a e
a?ae nooiaith ieeneaiiy, ui ? cia/iith ia?aaaaith o ii??aiyii? c ?ioeie
ieoeaie. Canoinoaaiiy ieoeaeiio iaea?eueo aoaeoeaia i?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy
iaeii?yaeieo oa?a.

Oaeei /eiii, ia?oa a?o/eciyia neioaoe/ia ieoea, ui ?icniieoo?oueny,
ieoeaeii ? no/aniei o??o?a?/iei oiaiei iaoa??aeii, ia iinooia?oueny
caei?aeiiiei aiaeiaai, a ca aeayeeie ia?aiao?aie e ia?aaa?oo? ?o, ui
ni?ey? ciaioaiith /anoioe i?neyiia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue, iia`ycaieo ?c
canoinoaaiiyi oiaieo iaoa??ae?a, oa a?eueo ni?eyoeeaiio ia?aa?ao
i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia??iaeo. Cia/i? ?aca?ae ii nei?i/aiith
i?neyiia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue iia’ycai? ?c canoinoaaiiyi IAOI ia aac?
ieoeaeiio. Ine?eueee oeaetheica ? aeaoaaith ? aeinooiiith ne?iaeiith o
ii??aiyii? c ne?iaeiith aeey aeaioiaeaiiy ?iii?oieo ieoie, oe?iea
canoinoaaiiy ieoeaeiio iaoeia aaeeeee aeiiii?/iee aoaeo.

I?ae /an ii??aiyeueii? ii?oieia?/ii? ioe?iee aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo c
aeei?enoaiiyi IAOI a??aeae?i n?ee, i?ie?i oa iaoaeao?aai, anoaiiaeaii,
ui iniaeeaino? ?aaeoe?? oeaiei iaaeiei ??cieo oiaieo iaoa??ae?a
ianiaoeeo?/i?, ?o ne?ae ?icoe?ithaaoe ye “a?aioeueiio noi?iiiueiai
o?ea”. Aeiaaaeaii, ui iaa?oue i?e canoinoaaii? ieoie aenieeo oiiaieo
iiia??a (8/0) oa iaeiioeiiaino? ee?oeiii? ?aaeoe?? ia ?o ?iieaioaoe?th,
ae?aaeai?noue oa o?eaae?noue caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? iaaeiei ieoie
caeaaeeoue a?ae aeaeo oiaiiai iaoa??aeo, ianaiia?aae, eiai no?oeoo?e.
I?e canoinoaaii? ioeueoeo?eaiaioieo oiaeiaeo ieoie aenieee ?ecee
?io?eoaaiiy oa?a aianoiiica aiane?aeie ?o ?icaieieiaiiy oa aenieeo
aiioiaeo aeanoeainoae, ia?nenoaioe?? caiaeueiiai i?ioeano i?ioyaii 360
ae?a i?ney iia?aoe??. Ia?aaoaath/e a i?ina?o? aianoiiica, oiaeia? ieoee
iaaooathoue, ?icaieieiythoueny, noathoue aeia?ei i?ia?aeieeii i?e?ioei?e
oa ai?noo eeoa/ieea aei no?iee aianoiiica, a oaeiae /a?aaii?
ii?iaeieie, ui a 67,4–86,7% niinoa?aaeaiue coiiaethaaei aeieeiaiiy
ae?a-aeaiiai niaeeiaiai i?ioeano a 4,6% – eeoeiaeo oa o 8,8% –
aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a noaei i?e/eiith ?o iani?iiiaeiino? ?
caaeaae? aenia?eiaioaeueieo oaa?ei. O oaa?ei, ui aeea?, a ae?eyioe?
aianoiiica niinoa??aaee iaaei??ia ?ic?inoaiiy niieo/ii? oeaieie ?, ye
iane?aeie, oi?ioaaiiy a?oaiai ?oaoey, ui ni?e/eiyei ooieoe?iiaeueio
iaiiaiioe?ii?noue aianoiiica ? aeieeiaiiy i?ci?o oneeaaeiaiue.

I?ney oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica c aeei?enoaiiyi iiiie?oieo ieoie i?ie?i ?
iaoaeao?aai a?aei?/aee iaea?eueo ni?eyoeeao ?aaeoe?th oeaiei ia oiaiee
iaoa??ae, i?e oeueiio ?noioieo ?ica?aeiinoae a ?ioaineaiino? oa
o?eaaeino? caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? iaaeiei ieoie ia niinoa??aaee, aiie
cae?i/oaaeenue aei 21-? aeiae, a ae?eyioe? aianoiiica oi?ioaaany oiieee
niieo/iioeaieiiee ?oaaoeue. Iaei ae?aaeaiee niaeeiaee i?ioean a /a?aai?e
ii?iaeiei? niinoa??aaee o 46,3-52,3% oaa?ei i?e aeei?enoaii? ieoie
i?ie?i oa o 35,6-41,3% – iaoaeao?aai. Iani?iiiaei?noue oa?a eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a i?e canoinoaaii? ieoee i?ie?i aeieeea o 2,4% niinoa?aaeaiue,
aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo – a 4,7%; i?e aeei?enoaii? ieoee iaoaeao?aai –
a?aeiia?aeii a 2,2 oa 4,3%.

Aaaaeath/e ia ?aeaioe/i?noue niinia?a oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiic?a, ne?ae
aeciaoe a?eueo aeioe?eueiei aeei?enoaiiy a o??o?a?? eeoa/ieea ieoie
i?ie?i ? iaoaeao?aai.

I?ae /an aea/aiiy iiaeeeaino? eiie?aiaioiooai?aiiy ia e?aaoo?ao
anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e oi?ioaaii? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a c
aeei?enoaiiyi ieoee iaoaeao?aai oea aeyaeaii a iaeiiio niinoa?aaeaii?
(i?ney 46 iia?aoe?e), ieoee i?ie?i – a 5 (i?ney 42 iia?aoe?e), ieoee
a??aeaeei n?ee – a 14 (i?ney 45 iia?aoe?e), oiaoi ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
/anoioe aeieeiaiiy oeueiai oneeaaeiaiiy i?e canoinoaaii? cacia/aieo
oiaieo iaoa??ae?a noaiiaeei a?aeiia?aeii 1:5:14 (2,17%, 11,9%, 31,1%).

Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue iaaeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy
oiaeiaeo ieoie a o??o?a?? iicaia/?ieiaeo aeia/ieo i?ioie.

Ioaea i?ae /an aeeiiaiiy iia?aoe?e ia iicaia/?ieiaeo aeia/ieo i?ioieao
ia?niaeoeaia canoinoaaiiy iiaeeo?eiaaieo oeyoii iaianaiiy aeia/ino?eeeo
iie?ia?ieo iie?eoo?a ia iiiio?eaiaioi? iie?eai?iai?aei? neioaoe/i?
ao?aaiaoe/i? ieoee iaoaeao?aai aenieeo oiiaieo iiia??a (5/0-8/0) a
ii?aeiaii? c aeei?enoaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee aianoiiicoaaiiy. Oea
aeicaieeoue iie?aueoe ?acoeueoaoe o??o?a?/iiai ao?o/aiiy ? ciaioeoe
/anoioo oneeaaeiaiue, o ii??aiyii? c oaeith i?e canoinoaaii?
caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo oiaieo iaoa??ae?a.

Ca ?ioaineai?noth a?aeiiaeaiiy ? i?aeaeuaiiy iaoai?/ii? i?oeiino? oa
o?ce/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? ioe?iththoue ae?aaeai?noue caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? a
ae?eyioe? aianoiiica, nooiaiy o?aaiaoe/iino? oa o?c?ieia?/iino? niiniao
oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica, a ioaea, eiai iaae?eiino?. Oaic?iiao?e/iee iaoiae
o cia/i?e i??? aeiiiaith? ii?oieia?/iee, ui aeicaiey? ?icoe?eoe oa
iiaeeaeoe ciaiiy i?i ye?noue aeine?aeaeoaaiiai aianoiiica, aeaoe eiio
ia`?eoeaio ioe?ieo.

Iaoai?/io i?oei?noue ? o?ce/io aa?iaoe/i?noue aianoiiic?a aea/aee ca
aeiiiiiaith a?ae?ii?an?? i?ae aiaeith a no?iee 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 oa 12
ae?a i?ney iia?aoe??. Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a cana?ae/ea, ui an? aianoiiice,
noi?iiaai? c canoinoaaiiyi i?e?io??o?a?/ii? oaoi?ee, IAOI iaoaeao?aai ca
oiiae aiaeiaaiii? ?ioien?eaoe??, a no?iee niinoa?aaeaiiy 1-12 ae?a aoee
o?ce/ii aa?iaoe/i?, iieaciee i?oeiino? ia?aaeuoaaa eiio?ieueio aaee/eio
(eeoeiaeo – 4,7 eIa, aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo – 6,0 eIa). I?ney iia?aoe??
?ic?ea no?iee i?aaia ii ca ciiith eeoeiaiai aianoiiica niinoa??aaee ia
5-oo aeiao, aeia/ii-eeoeiaiai – ia 7-io aeiao. A?aeoae, i?oei?noue
eeoeiaiai aianoiiica /a?ac 5 ae?a, aeia/ii- eeoeiaiai – /a?ac 7 ae?a
aoea aeuith i?ae i?oei?noue iaooeiaeaeaii? no?iee, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
iioeiaeuei? oiiae ia?aa?ao i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe??, a oaeiae
iiaiioe?ii?noue ooai?aiiai niieo/iioeaieiiiai ?oaoey.

I?e canoinoaaii? caaaeueiii?eeiyoi? oaoi?ee i?oei?noue aianoiiic?a
ia?aaeuo? oaeo iaooeiaeaeaii? no?iee o?eueee /a?ac 12-14 ae?a i?ney
iia?aoe?? A.TH.THionia (1966), A.I.Eeeiaiei (1983), A.E.Iieaea (1984),
O.A.Eoea/ae (1986). Ioaea i?e canoinoaaii? i?e?io??o?a?/ii? oaoi?ee,
noai?ththoueny iaeneiaeueii ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey i?ioean?a ?aia?aoe??,
ye? cae?eniththoueny ia cia/ii aeuiio ye?niiio ??ai?, a i?oei?noue
ca?eueoo?oueny a 2 ?ace oaeaeoa, i?ae a aianoiiicao, noi?iiaaieo ca
caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeaie. I?e oeueiio, ciaioaiiy iieaciee?a
i?oeiino? oa o?ce/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? i?ney canoinoaaiiy i?e?io??o?a?/ii?
oaoi?ee ia a?aei?/aee.

?acoeueoaoe ii??aiyeueiiai aea/aiiy aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ?c
aeei?enoaiiyi caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo iaoiae?a oa ca ?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith
c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee c aeaiaioaie i?e?io??o?a??
na?ae/aoue, ui i?e iaeeaaeaii? iaeii?yaeiiai oaa ca ?ic?iaeaiith
iaoiaeeeith iiiaeeiie? niaeee aeyaeai? a 49,3-51,2% niinoa?aaeaiue,
aeaoi?iaoe?th ? caoaeaiiy aianoiiica ia a?aecia/aii. Iani?iiiaei?noue
oa?a aianoiiica aeieeea a 1 (1,2%) niinoa?aaeaii? i?ney canoinoaaiiy
IAOI, ui ia ?icniieoo?oueny, i?ney canoinoaaiiy IAOI, ui
?icniieoothoueny, oeueiai oneeaaeiaiiy ia aoei. I?ney iaeeaaeaiiy
iaeii?yaeiiai oaa Ie?iaiaa-Iaoaooea oa aeai?yaeiiai oaa
Eaiaa?oa-Oi?aeaia iiiaeeiie? oa /eneaii? niaeee aeyaeai? a?aeiia?aeii a
83,5 ? 100% niinoa?aaeaiue, iani?iiiaei?noue oa?a aianoiiic?a – a 2,7 oa
6,0%.

Ca aeaieie ii?oieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ney oi?ioaaiiy aeai?yaeiiai
oaa oneeaaeiaiee ia?aa?a o aeaeyae? ?io?aio?aeueii? ii?eoe?, cia/iiai
iioiauaiiy no?iee i?aaia a ae?eyioe? aianoiiica aiane?aeie
a?oaiaieieienoiai neea?ico, ia?nenoaioe?? aeueoa?aoeaii-aeano?oeoeaiiai
i?ioeano neeciai? iaieiiee (ooai?aiiy a?ic??, ae?acee), iioe?aiiy
caiaeaiiy ca iaae? iniiaiiai i?ioeano (ia na?icio iaieiieo, iaaeieeoi?
i?aaie). Cao?eiea ai?oae?caoe?? neeciai? iaieiiee coiiaeth?
aeano?oeoe?th aeanieo oeaieiieo no?oeoo?, ui noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny
aooiaaiiith aa?an??th. Aeeiai?ea ia?aa?ao caiaeueiiai i?ioeano cia/ii
niia?eueith?oueny.

I?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee,
aecia/athoue oi/ia ni?anoaaeaiiy iaeii?iaiieo iaieiiie coeoeo i?aai?a,
i?i?iaeueio o?aaiaoecaoe?th, eiio?aeoe?th, aeaoi?iaoe?th oa ?io?eoaaiiy
oeaiei, iiaio ?aaaia?aoe?th neeciai? iaieiiee niinoa??aathoue aaea /a?ac
7-10 ae?a i?ney iia?aoe??. Caaaeyee i?i?iaeuei?e e?eueeino? oiaiiai
iaoa??aeo, eiai o?i?/i?e ?ia?oiino? ? a?ieia?/ii? noi?niino?, oaeiae
noai?ththoueny ni?eyoeeaea? oiiae aeey iaoneeaaeiaiiai ia?aa?ao
caiaeueiiai i?ioeano.

Aeai? ii?oieia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aianoiiic?a na?ae/aoue i?i ia?aaaae
canoinoaaiiy oiaiiai iaoa??aeo, ui ?icniieoo?oueny, yeee, aeeiiaaoe
naith ooieoe?th, cieea? c i?aai?cio aac ne?aeiai? ?aaeoe??.
?icniieooaaiiy cae?enith?oueny a iniiaiiio aiane?aeie ?aci?aoe??
iae?ioaaaie, yea ii/eia?oueny c 7-? aeiae ? o?eaa? i?ioyaii 180 ae?a.

Aea/aiiy ii?oiaeeiai?ee i?ioean?a, ui eaaeaoue a iniia? caai?iiy
aianoiiic?a iieacaei, ui ia?aa?a caai?iiy aianoiiic?a noi?iiaaieo ca
iaoiaeeeith Ie?iaiaa-Iaoaooea (iaeii?yaeiee na?icii-i`yciai-i?aeneeciaee
oia) c canoinoaaiiyi caaaeueiii?eeiyoi? oaoi?ee aiaeia?/iee oiio i?e
aeei?enoaii? i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee, aea no?iee caai?iiy ? /anoioa
oneeaaeiaiue a?eueoa. Aiane?aeie oeueiai ooai?th?oueny a?eueo a?oaee
?oaaoeue, ?ieiee – aoi?eii? ae?acee. Iayai?noue /oaei??aeiiai oiaiiai
iaoa??aeo ?noioii aieeaa? ia ae?aaeai?noue ?oaoeaai-neea?ioe/ieo ci?i o
coeoeo oeaieiao.

Ioaea, aeio?eiaiiy an?o oiia ? i?eioeei?a i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee c
aeaiaioaie i?e?io??o?a?? (canoinoaaiiy ca?eueooaaeueii? iioeee,
i?e?io??o?a?/ieo ?ino?oiaio?a ? IAOI, e?aua N?OI) caaacia/o?
ni?eyoeeaee ia?aa?a ?aiiaiai i?ioeano a no?ioe? aianoiiica iaeaea a on?o
niinoa?aaeaiiyo.

A oie aea /an, iane?aeee iaeeaaeaiiy aeai?yaeiiai oaa,
caaaeueiii?eeiyoei niiniaii iaio i?iaiiciaai?, ine?eueee nthaee
aeeth/athoueny aeiaeaoeia? oaeoi?e ?eceeo, ye? aeoaea aaaeei
ia?aaeaa/eoe, iaa?oue i?e aeineiiae?e oaoi?oe? oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica.

Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?oeiino? ? o?ce/ii? aa?iaoe/iino?
ii??aithaaieo aianoiiic?a na?ae/eoue, ui a aianoiiicao, noi?iiaaieo ca
?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith c canoinoaaiiyi i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee, a 1-oo
aeiao i?ney iia?aoe?? oe? iieacieee ieae/?, i?ae a aianoiiicao,
noi?iiaaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi aeai?yaeiiai oaa, oa aeu?, i?ae a
aianoiiicao, noi?iiaaieo ca iaoiaeeeith Ie?iaiaa-Iaoaooea – a?aeiia?aeii
(8,7+0,14), (13,10+0,18) oa (8,5+0,13) eIa. O oiieieeoeiaeo aianoiiicao
oe? iieacieee aeaui iaio?, aea ia 3-oth aeiao aiie aaea aiaeia?/i?
iieacieeai a 1-oo aeiao; o oianoieeoeiaeo aianoiiicao -a?eueo? c 1-?
aeiae i?ney iia?aoe??. ?ic?ea no?iee eeoee iica aianoiiicii i?ney
iaeeaaeaiiy aeai?yaeieo oa?a aeieea? o oianoieeoeiaeo – ia 7-io aeiao,
oiieieeoeiaeo – ia 9-oo aeiao i?ney iia?aoe???. I?ney iaeeaaeaiiy
iaeii?yaeiiai oaa ca Ie?iaiaei-Iaoaooeii – a?aeiia?aeii ia 5-oo oa 7-io
aeiao; i?e oi?ioaaii? aianoiiic?a ca ?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith iieacieee
aiaeia?/i? oaeei a aianoiiicao, noi?iiaaieo ca Ie?iaiaei-Iaoaooeii.

Oaeei /eiii, oaeaee?noue a?aeiiaeaiiy iaoai?/ii? i?oeiino? ? o?ce/ii?
aa?iaoe/iino? aianoiiic?a cia/ii a?eueoa a oeaieiao, coeoeo c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaeii?yaeiiai oaa, a i?e canoinoaaii? ?ic?iaeaii?
iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica oa i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee c aeaiaioaie
i?e?io??o?a?? – ua a?eueoa, ui na?ae/eoue i?i iaeneiaeueii ni?eyoeea?
oiiae ia?aa?ao i?ioean?a ?aia?aoeaii? ?aaaia?aoe?? aiane?aeie
i?i?iaeueii? o?aaiaoecaoe?? oeaiei, ?aeaaeueiiai ni?anoaaeaiiy
iaeii??aeieo aiaoii?/ieo no?oeoo?, a?aenooiino? ?aaeoe?? oeaiei ia
IAOI.

C iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy aa?iaoe/iino?, i?io?aeiino?, aeaoi?iaoe??,
ioe?iee oe?eie aianoiiica, i?iaaaeaii ?aioaaiieia?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy
/a?ac 7, 14, 30, 90 ? 180 ae?a i?ney iia?aoe??. A aianoiiicao,
noi?iiaaieo ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeaie, aeaeyee aeaoi?iaoe?th,
caoaeaiiy i?ina?oo i?aaia, ooai?aiiy a?oaiai oeaieiiiai aaeeea,
ae?eaoaoe?th i?ea?aeiiai naaiaioa eeoee. Oea a iiaeaeueoiio ni?aaeyei
iaaaoeaiee aieea ia ye?noue niieo/iioeaieiiiai ?oaoey, oaeaee?noue
a?aeiiaeaiiy no?oeoo?e ? ooieoe?? iia?iaaiiai i?aaia.

I?ney oi?ioaaiiy aianoiiica ca ?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith c canoinoaaiiyi
i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee aeaoi?iaoe??, caoaeaiiy, ii?ooaiiy i?io?aeiino?,
iani?iiiaeiino? oa?a aianoiiica ia niinoa??aaee, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?
o?c?ieia?/i?noue oa iaae?ei?noue ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee.

Ca aeaieie ii?oieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ei?icaa??aath/eo ?
i?ei?ia?aeiiaethth/eo iia?aoe?e aaea /a?ac 14 ae?a i?ney aeeiiaiiy
iiai?noth a?aeiiaethaaeanue neeciaa iaieiiea a i?iaeoe?? o?eniaaiiai
eeaioy aai a?aeiiaeaiiai no?ieoa?a ai?ioa?y. O a?aeaeaeai? no?iee
a?noieia?/i? ci?ie ia aeyaeai?, ui na?ae/eei i?i cae?i/aiiy ?aia?aoeaieo
i?ioean?a a no?iee aei 14 ae?a.

A?aeoae, canoinoaaiiy i?aoeec?eii? oaoi?ee iia?oaaiiy aeicaiey?
aaeaeaaoii a?aeiiaeoe ooieoe?th no?ieoa?a ai?ioa?y oeyoii eiai
ieanoe/iiai cai?uaiiy no?oeoo?aie aio?aeueiiai a?aeae?eo oeoiea aai eiai
caa?aaeaiiy. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oe??? ia?niaeoeaii? oaoiieia?? a ieanoe/io
o??o?a?th oeoiea aeicaieeei a 2 ?ace ciaioeoe /anoioo oneeaaeiaiue i?ney
aeeiiaiiy iia?aoe?e c i?eaiaeo oneeaaeiaii? ae?aceiai? oai?iae oeoiea ?
AeIE.

Ia iniia? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a, aa?iaoeciaaieo ca
aeiiiiiaith iaaee/iiai eeath noeueoae?eeao-1 ? OE, anoaiiaeaii: aeey
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo ?c canoinoaaiiyi eeath noeueoae?eeao-1,
oa?aoa?iee cia/ii ae?aaeaiee niaeeiaee i?ioean, yeee ni?e/eith?
aeaoi?iaoe?th eeoee, caoaeaiiy aianoiiica, ooai?aiiy a?oaiai ?oaoey,
ii?ooaiiy ooieoe?? i?aaia (noac o i?ea?aei?e iaoe? eeoee). Ca aeaieie
ii?oieia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy anoaiiaeaii, ui eeae noeueoae?eeao-1
ni?ey? ia?nenoaioe?? caiaeueii? ?aaeoe??, coiiaeaii? oieneei-aea?a?/iith
?aaeoe??th oeaieiieo oa ee?oeiieo aeaiaio?a eeoee ia /oaei??aeia o?ei
(eeaeiao iano). C 38 niinoa?aaeaiue (53 aianoiiica) o 2 (5,2%) aeieeea
iani?iiiaei?noue oa?a aianoiiica, ui noaei i?e/eiith caaeaae? oaa?ei.

I?e canoinoaaii? OE, a oei a?eueoa aooieeath ia o?a?eiia?e iniia?, o
24,5% niinoa?aaeaiue aeyaeaiee iacia/iee niaeeiaee i?ioean, a?aecia/aii
ooai?aiiy oiieiai i?aeiiai ?oaoey, oaeaeea a?aeiiaeaiiy ao?a/aii?
ooieoe?? iia?iaaiiai i?aaia. A?aenooi?noue ee?oeiii? ?io?eueo?aoe??
iaaeiei eeaeiaeo ian aeeeth/a? oneeaaeiaiee ia?aa?a caiaeueii? ?aaeoe??,
na?ae/eoue i?i a?ieia?/io aeioe?euei?noue eiai canoinoaaiiy, a aenie?
ieanoe/i? yeino? – i?i ia?niaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy OE aeey
aa?iaoecaoe?? eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a. I?ney 44 iia?aoe?e (79 aianoiiic?a)
iani?iiiaei?noue oa?a aianoiiica ia niinoa??aaee.

I?iaiae?coaaaoe io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe, iiaeaeueoa canoinoaaiiy eeath
noeueoae?e-eao-1 aaaaeaee iaaeioe?eueiei. Oiio aeey aa?iaoecaoe??
aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a aeei?enoiaoaaee o?eueee OE. ?acoeueoaoe
aoee aiaeia?/i? oaeei i?e canoinoaaii? OE aeey aa?iaoecaoe?? eeoeiaeo
aianoiiic?a. I?ney 42 iia?aoe?e iani?iiiaeiino? oa?a aianoiiica ia
niinoa??aaee.

I?e aea/aii? o?ce/ii? aa?iaoe/iino? ? iaoai?/ii? i?oeiino? aianoiiic?a,
noi?iiaaieo ca oiiae aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe?? (eiio?ieai aoee
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue eeoeiaeo ? aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a,
noi?iiaaieo aac aa?iaoecaoe?? OE) anoaiiaeaii, ui /a?ac 1 aeiao i?ney
iia?aoe?? iieaciee i?oeiino? oiaii-eeaeiaeo aianoiiic?a aeuee i?ae
aianoiiic?a, noi?iiaaieo aac aeiaeaoeiai? aa?iaoecaoe?? eea?i,
noaiiaeoue a?aeiia?aeii: aeey eeoeiaeo aianoiiic?a (7,60+0,11) oa
(6,6+0,1) eIa, aeey aeia/ii-eeoeiaeo – (24,10+0,12) ? (18,90+0,11) eIa
(?

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