.

Розробка технології міцних вин з використанням етилового спирту виноградного походження: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Р.Г. Тимофєєв, УААН. Ін-т

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OE?A?INUeEA AEAAeAI?ss AA?A?IEO IAOE

?inoeooo aeiia?aaeo ? aeia “Iaaa?a/”

Oeiio??a ?oneai Aai??oiae/

OAeE [663.257.9.058.4.001.24:663.263]:519.852

?IC?IAEA OAOIIEIA?? I?OeIEO AEI C AEEI?ENOAIIssI

AOEEIAIAI NIE?OO AEIIA?AAeIIAI IIOIAeAEAIIss

05.18.07 – Oaoiieia?y i?iaeoeo?a a?iae?iiy

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

sseoa – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioo aeeiiaii i?ioyaii 1993-1999 ??. a “?A?A Iaaa?a/” ?
?aaeaini?-caaiae? “Ea/einueeee” Naaanoiiieuenueei? aa?ii?iieneiai?
anioe?aoe?? “Aeueeaaea?”

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe

E?a/aoia ?ai? Aaneeueiae/ i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?i-a?oiee, ?A?A
“Iaaa?a/”,i.sseoa

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe,

noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

Ia?oeiaiei Aaeoa?ae sseiae/,

i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?o-iee,”?A?A Iaaa?a/”, i. sseoa

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Eioo? Ieeiea O?enaiiae/,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e aeiia?aaea?noaa ? aeii?ianoaa, Iaeanueeee
n?euenueei-ainiiaea?nueeee ?inoeooo, I?in?eueainii?iae Oe?a?ie,
i.Iaeana

I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y:

Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?-neoao oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e, eaoaae?a
a?ioaoiieia?? ? i?i-aeoeo?a a?iae?iiy, aeno?aeo?a ? iaii?a, I?i?noa?noai
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 15.07.99 ?. i 12 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 53.365.02 a ?inoeooo? aeiia?aaeo ? aeia
“Iaaa?a/”, OAAI ca aae?anith: 334200, Aaoiiiiia ?anioae?ea E?ei, i.
sseoa, aoe. E??iaa, 31.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? “?A?A Iaaa?a/”

Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ?ic?neaiee 14.06_1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee,

aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

sseooeia I.A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. No?ee?noue ?iaioe caaiae?a ia?aeiiiai aeii?ianoaa
oe?eeii caeaaeeoue a?ae caaacia/aiino? ne?iaeiith ? iaoa??aeaie.
Inoaii?i /anii a aaeoc? niinoa??aa?oueny aeao?oeeo nie?oo aoeeiaiai
?aeoeo?eiaaiiai. Oea i?eaaei aei ??ceiai cieaeaiiy ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa
i?oeieo aei ? nei?i/aiiy ?o ani?oeiaioo. Aeei?enoaiiy aeanieo ?aca?a?a
nie?oo ca /eiiith ii?iaoeaiith aeieoiaioaoe??th iiaeeeaa o?eueee i?ney
eiai ?aeoeo?eaoe??, iaeaaeiaiiyi aeey yei? i?aei?e?inoaa ia?aeiiiai
aeii?ianoaa ia iaeaooiaai?. Ooee?caoe?y nie?oo c aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie
aeii?ianoaa ia?aioaaaeueia, aiane?aeie aeniei? nia?aa?oino? nie?oo
?aeoeo?eaoo, ui io?eio?oueny i?e oeueiio. Oiio ?yae i?aei?e?inoa
a?aeiiaeeeny a?ae ia?a?iaee aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie, ui i?noeoue nie?o.
Aiane?aeie oeueiai niinoa??aa?oueny cieaeaiiy eiao?oe??ioa aeei?enoaiiy
ne?iaeie ? ui??/iee i?e??no iane a?aeoiae?a noai?th? ?aaeueio aeieia?/io
i?iaeaio.

?acii c oei, i?iaeaiith ? noai?aiiy oe?e?nieo, aio/eeo ? aeieia?/ii
/enoeo oaoiieia?e, ui a?aoiaothoue iioaioe?ei? iiaeeeaino? aaeoc?,
iiaeeeaino? ?icoe?aiiy ani?oeiaioo i?iaeoeoe??, a oaeiae i?aeaeuaiiy
?aioaaaeueiino? ae?iaeaiiy nie?oo c aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie. Oiio, iiooe
iiaeo oeyo?a aeei?enoaiiy aeanieo ?aca?a?a aoeeiaiai nie?oo, ui
caaacia/othoue aeione ye?nii? i?iaeoeoe??, ? aeooaeueiei aeey aeiiii?ee
Oe?a?ie caaaeaiiyi.

Aaaeyioe N.I., Aeii?ia I.I., Iaoocea I.A. oa ?io?, a?aei?/ath/e
iaaeinoaoiuei caaeia?eueio ye?noue i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei,
cai?iiiioaaee oeyoe ?? i?aeaeuaiiy. Cie?aia, iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaia
aaaaeaiiy i?e nie?ooaaii? aai i?e eoiaae? nie?o?a, ui i?noyoue
i?aeaeuaio e?euee?noue noi?iii?o
i?iaeoe*****************************************************************
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***************f1 o a?o/eciyi?e e?oa?aoo?? a?aenooi?. Iaae??oaia iecea
oai?aoe/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo c iiaeeea?noth canoinoaaiiy
ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a, a oiio /ene? c aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie
aeii?ianoaa, o oaoiieia?? i?oeieo aei ?c nei?i/aieie oa?i?iaie
i?eaiooaaiiy.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa
aeeiioaaeanue a?aeiia?aeii aei ieai?a I?? “?A?A Iaaa?a/”, OAAI (?
aea?ae. ?a?no?aoe?? UA01003511P), a oaeiae ?anioae?eainueei?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie “I?iaeiaieuenoai-95”, caoaa?aeaeaii? OAAI
(i?ioieie ?17 a?ae 06.01.1992 ?.).

Iaoa ?iaioe: ia?aa??ea iiaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo
aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a o ae?iaieoeoa? i?oeieo i?aeeia?ieo aei; ?ic?iaea
oaoiieia?? i?oeieo i?aeeia?ieo aei ?c aeei?enoaiiyi nie?oo aeiia?aaeiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy.

Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue: e?euee?nia ? ye?nia ioe?iea ne?iaeiii? aace
Oe?a?ie aeey ae?iaeaiiy aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a; ?ic?iaea niiniao io?eiaiiy
aai iiia?aaeiuei? i?aeaioiaee nie?oo aeey canoinoaaiiy o aeii?ianoa?;
aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a ia o?ceei-o?i?/iee neeaae ?
ye?noue i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei; ?ic?iaea iaoiae?a ?aaoethaaiiy
o?ceei-o?i?/iiai neeaaeo ? yeino? oeeo aei; ?ic?iaea ?aoe?iiaeueii?
oaoiieia??, ii?iaoeaiiai ? oaoiieia?/iiai caaacia/aiiy ae?iaieoeoaa
i?oeieo aei ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia. Aiane?aeie aiae?co aeeiai?ee ci?ie eaoeeo aeii?oie
nie?oo i?e eiai ia?iaoe? aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi cai?iiiiiaaii iaoai?ci
cieaeaiiy ianiai? eiioeaio?aoe?? aeii?oie aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo, ui
aeo?ea? c ii?oieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae aoaeiae aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y.
Anoaiiaeaii caeiiii??iino? ci?ie oaeaeeino? o?ainoi?iaoe?? eaoeiai
eiiieaeno i?oeieo aei a caeaaeiino? a?ae niaoeeo?ee nie?o?a, ui
canoiniaothoueny. ?ic?iaeaii oai??th ? iaoiaeieia?th i?iaeooaaiiy ?
iioei?caoe?? o?ceei-o?i?/iiai neeaaeo aei ? iaii?a iaoiaeaie
iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy neeaaeo eoiaaeo ia AII.

I?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue. ?ic?iaeaii ? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii ?aaeeie
iiia?aaeiuei? ia?iaee ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a aeey
canoinoaaiiy o ae?iaieoeoa? i?oeieo aeiia?aaeieo aei. Iaa?oioiaaii
aeiiii?/io aeioe?euei?noue canoinoaaiiy aeiia?aaeieo ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo
nie?o?a aeey i?eaiooaaiiy e??ieaieo aei. ?ic?iaeaii ? caoaa?aeaeaii
I?in?eueainii?iaeii E?eio ii?iaoeaio ? oaoiieia?/io aeieoiaioaoe?th
uiaei ae?iaieoeoaa ia?iaeaiiai nie?oo aoeeiaiai aeiia?aaeiiai (OO O
565/46.75.14.-95 ? O? O 565/46.75.14.-95). ?ic?iaeaii ? caoaa?aeaeaii
aea? ia?ee i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei, ui i?noyoue oeae nie?o: “Niiy/ia”
(a?ea, ?iaeaaa, /a?aiia) O? O 565/46.299-95 ? “Oaa??aea” (a?ea, /a?aiia)
O? O 565/46.298-95. Ae?iaie/? aei?iaoaaiiy ? i?eeiaiiy oaoiieia?/iiai
i?ioeano, c iiceoeaiei ?acoeueoaoii, i?iaaaeaii o ?aaeaini?-caaiae?
“Ea/einueeee” Naaanoiiieuenueei? aa?ii?iieneiai? anioe?aoe??
“Aeueeaaea?” a 1994 ?. ? 1995 ?. a?aeiia?aeii. Ia’?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy –
2,3 oen. aeae i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a. Aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy neeaaea?oueny c aeiiii?? 4,3 ( aeiia?aaeii? ne?iaeie
iethn cieaeaiiy cao?ao ia ae?iaieoeoai 1 aeae e??ieaiiai aeia ia 3,5 (
a?ae nia?aa?oino? 1 aeae a.a. nie?oa-ne?oey c aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie
aeii?ianoaa a ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eiei aeei?enoaiiyi nie?oo
?aeoeo?eaoo aeiia?aaeiiai. ?ic?iaeaii ? ai?iaaaeaeaii iaeao i?eeeaaeieo
i?ia?ai, yeee aeicaiey? aaoiiaoecoaaoe i?ioean neeaaeaiiy ? iioei?caoe??
neeaaeo eoiaae?a ia an?o noaae?yo i?eaiooaaiiy e??ieaieo aei ? ?ioeo
iaii?a.

Aei?iaoaaiiy ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
aeiiia?aeaeenue ia naeoe?? a/aii? ?aaee “?A?A Iaaa?a/”,
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo o i. sseoa (1993 – 1999 ??.)

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 11 iaoeiaeo ?ia?o, a
oiio /ene?: 4 a iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo “?A?A Iaaa?a/”; 6 o iaoeiaeo
aeo?iaeao; 1 – a ?ioi?iaoe?eiiio ca??ieeo.

No?oeoo?a ? ia’?i ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, oanoe
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e ae?iaieoeoao oa aeiaeaoe?a. Aiia
aeeeaaeaia ia 138 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 2 ?enoiee, 22
oaaeeoe? ? 13 aeiaeaoe?a. Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? 117
iaeiaioaaiue.

IA’?EOE ? IAOIAeE AeINE?AeAEAIUe

Ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee: ne?iaeiia aaca Oe?a?ie aeey ae?iaeaiiy
nie?o?a aeiia?aaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy; c?acee i?iieneiaeo ia?o?e
aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a ??ciiai iioiaeaeaiiy c ia’?iiith /anoeith aoeeiaiai
nie?oo 52 – 96,5 (; iaoa??aee ? oaoiieia?? aeey i/euaiiy nie?oo a?ae
iaaaaeaieo aeii?oie; c?acee nie?o?a aeiia?aaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy i?ney
??cieo noai ?o ia?iaee; c?acee i?oeieo aei, io?eiai? c aeei?enoaiiyi
nie?o?a aeiia?aaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy.

Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeo ? yeino? aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a,
aeiiiaoa??ae?a ? aei ia ?o iniia?, canoiniaoaaee aoanoiaai? ? i?eeiyo? o
aeii?iaii? i?aeoeoe? iaoiaee aiae?co. Aeine?aeaeaiiy eaoeiai eiiieaeno
i?iaiaeeee iaoiaeaie ?iciiae?eo ?a/iaei aenieiaoaeoeaiith aaci??aeeiiith
o?iiaoia?ao??th ia eaa?oeiaeo eai?ey?ieo eieiieao.

I?e aeeiiaii? ?iaioe i?iaiaeeee oai?aoe/i? ? aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ?c canoinoaaiiyi iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy c
aeei?enoaiiyi AII. Aenia?eiaioe, c o?aooaaiiyi aeiia nenoaiiiai aiae?co,
i?iaaaeai? a eaai?aoi?ieo ? ae?iaie/eo oiiaao.

Io?eiai? aeai? aoee ia?iaeai? c aeei?enoaiiyi iaeaoo i?ia?ai
“Statistica”.

?ACOEUeOAOE ?IAIOE OA ?O IAAIAI?AIIss

1. Ioe?iea ne?iaeiii? aace Oe?a?ie aeey ae?iaeaiiy nie?oo aoeeiaiai c
aeiia?aaei-aeii?iaii? ne?iaeie

Aiae?c ?ic?iaeaii? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? ia?a?iciiae?eo ?ano?n?a
aeiia?aaeiiai nonea ca oiiae canoinoaaiiy aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a o
ae?iaieoeoa? e??ieaieo aei ? aeaieo naciio ia?a?iaee aeiia?aaeo 1995 ?.
iieacaa, ui ae?iaeaiiy aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo c aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie iiaea
caaacia/eoe iio?aao aaeoc? ia a?eueo i?ae 20 ( a?ae ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa
e??ieaieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a. Aeei?enoaiiy aeiiiaoa??ae?a c i?aniaeo
o?aeoe?e nonea aeey aeeo?ee nie?oo, aac cieaeaiiy ?nioth/eo ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa e??ieaieo aei, iiaeeeaa a e?eueeino? ia a?eueoa 0,8 ( a?ae
e?eueeino? nonea, a?aeiouaiiai ia ae?iaieoeoai e??ieaieo aei, i?e oiia?
aeei?enoaiiy nie?oo c aoi?eiieo ?ano?n?a aeii?ianoaa c ia’?iiith
/anoeith aoeeiaiai nie?oo 70-80 (. Aeaioiaeaiiy e??ieaieo aei ca oiiae
aeiyoeiaiai aeei?enoaiiy aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo i?eaaaea aei cieaeaiiy
ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa oe??? a?oie aei i?eaeecii ia 50 (. Oiio iniiaieie
iioaioe?eieie ne?iaeiieie ?ano?naie aeey ae?iaeaiiy nie?oo ? aoi?eii?
?ano?ne aeiia?aaei-aeii?iaii? aaeoc?.

2. Aea/aiiy o?i?/iiai neeaaeo aeiia?aaeieo ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo nie?o?a
??ciiai iioiaeaeaiiy

Aiae?c ?ioi?iaoe?eieo aeaieo uiaei o?i?/iiai neeaaeo aeiia?aaeieo
nie?o?a ??ciiai iioiaeaeaiiy iieacaa, ui /anoea aeii?oie o ieo aa??th? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae aeaea?aea ne?iaeie, oiia eiai caa??aaiiy ? iaoiaeo
ooee?caoe?? nie?oo. ?iaioaie A.N. Iaei?iaa(1960), A.A. Iaaeaeae?aeca,
A.O.I?na?ieoeueeiai (1972) oa ?io. anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e canoinoaaii?
?aoe?iiaeueieo noai ia?a?iaee aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie aeii?ianoaa iiaeia
io?eiaoe nie?oe, neeaae yeeo iaei a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae neeaaeo
nie?o?a, ui io?eiothoueny c aeiiiaoa??ae?a. C iaoith c’ynoaaiiy neeaaeo
eaoeeo aeii?oie aoee a?ae?a?ai? c?acee ae?iaie/eo ia?o?e aeiia?aaeieo
nie?o?a ??ciiai iioiaeaeaiiy ?aaeainio-caaiaeo “Ea/einueeee”.
?acoeueoaoe oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue iaaaaeai? o oaae. 2.1, aea aeey
ii??aiyiiy ?ici?uai? aeiiae aei nie?oo-ne?oey ca OO 10.04.05.51-89.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ai?no iniiaieo eaoeeo aeii?oie a aeine?aeaeaieo nie?oao
ieae/a, i?ae ?aaeaiaioiaaii OO ia nie?o-ne?aoeue. A oie aea /an,
iayai?noue noi?iii?o oii?a o nie?o? ia aeicaiey? aaciina?aaeiuei
aeei?enoaoe ?o o ae?iaieoeoa? e??ieaieo aei aac ?eceeo cieaeaiiy yeino?
aioiai? i?iaeoeoe??. Oiio aoei iaiao?aeiei ciaeoe niin?a ia?iaee aai
io?eiaiiy aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo, yeee a?aeiia?aea? ianooiiei aeiiaai:
i?eaeaoi?noue nie?oo aeey i?eaiooaaiiy i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei; iae?
eai?oaeuei? ? iioi/i? cao?aoe; iiaeeea?noue ?aae?caoe?? oaoiieia?? ia
caaiaeao ia?aeiiiai aeii?ianoaa.

Oaaeeoey 2.1 – O?i?/iee neeaae aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo-ne?oey ??ciiai
iioiaeaeaiiy

Cia/aiiy iieacieea, ia/aei3 a.n.

Iaeiaioaaiiy

iieaciee?a

Ca OO 10.

04.05.51-89

I?aniaee

Ae/aai/-iee

Ae??aeaeaei-aee

Ia’?iia /anoea:

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********epn

82,0

74,0

74,0

iaoeeiaiai nie?oo, (

Ia a?eueo

0.2

0,15

0,2

0,16

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y:

Aeueaeaa?ae?a, o ia?a?aooieo ia ioeoiaee

ia a?eueo

500

a o./. aoeaoaeueaeaa?aeo

82,9

323,0

191,0

Neaooieo ianae o ia?a?aooieo ia noi?o i-ai?eiaiai oa i-aooeeiaiai
nie?o?a

Ia a?eueo

5000

Noia aeueo nie?o?a,

o oiio /ene?:

485,0

726,5

760,5

aooeeiaee-2

42,7

43,2

33,8

i-aooeeiaee

68,3

83,9

89,2

i-aooeeiaee

3,3

14,2

13,5

i-aieeiaee

230,5

423,0

425,7

i-aieeiaee

7,8

i-aaeneeiaee

140,24

162,2

190,5

Ao???a, o ia?a?aooieo ia

ioeoiai-aoeeiaee

ia a?eueo

2000

Noia ao???a,

o oiio /ene?:

503,7

608,1

382,9

iaoeeaoeaoao

4,5

aoeeaoeaoao

304,9

608,1

378,4

aoeeeaeoao

111,0

aoeeeai?iiao

19,5

aoeeeai??iao

50,0

aoeeeao?ao

18,3

Eaoeeo eeneio,

o oiio /ene?:

136,5

921,6

1553,9

ioeoiaa

63,4

229,7

243,2

i?ii?iiiaa

46,3

202,7

337,8

aaea??aiiaa

8,5

162,2

675,7

eai?iiiaa

135,1

135,0

ie?eia

18,3

124,3

162,2

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********owidctlpar-_-_67,6

3. ?ic?iaea oaoiieia?/ieo ?aaeei?a i?aeaioiaee aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo aeey
canoinoaaiiy o ae?iaieoeoa? i?oeieo aei

Iaoaioi? ? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui
aac canoinoaaiiy ?aeoeo?eaoe?? aai iiaoi?ii? o?aeoe?eii? ia?aaiiee
iaiiaeeeai caaacia/eoe ?noioia cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?e aeii?oie
aoeeiaiai nie?oo. I?ioa, a oaoiieia?? iaii?a canoiniaothoue iaoiaee
iiia?aaeiuei? ia?iaee nie?o?a, aeaye? c yeeo caneoaiaothoue oaaae, a
ca’yceo c ?o iecueeith aia?ai?ii?noth ? aeaeoeai?noth aei iaaieo a?oi
?a/iaei. Aei ieo iaeaaeaoue: i?enei?aiiy o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeii?oie
aoeeiaiai nie?oo oeyoii canoinoaaiiy aea?aaeie aeoaa oa oaiieueiiai
eiiieaeno aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y; oa?iieeniaaa ia?iaea nie?oo, c
iiaeaeueoith eiai aeo?eieith, a oaeiae ni?aoe?ei? iaoiaee, caniiaai? ia
aeei?enoaii? aeoeaiaaiiai aoa?eey, oeaie?o?a, ?iiiiai?iieo niie,
i?aia?ao?a ia iniia? aeeien?aeo e?aii?th.

Aeey ia?aa??ee aoee a?ae?a?ai? o?e iai?yiee iiia?aaeiuei? ia?iaee
nie?o?a: aeei?enoaiiy aea?aaeie aeoaa ? aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y;
aeno?aeoe?y eaoeeo aeii?oie aa?aaooaaiiyi nie?oo noi?ooth iia?o?y c?
nie?oiaeie ia?aie i?e cieaeaiiio oeneo; iiaoi?ia o?aeoe?eia ia?aaiiea
ia?iaeaiiai eoaii nie?oo.

?acoeueoaoe ii??aiyeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao ??cieo noai i?aeaioiaee
nie?oo-ne?oey ia neeaae aeayeeo eaoeeo aeii?oie iaaaaeai? o oaae.
3.1. Iaea?eueoa nooi?iue cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? eaoeeo aeii?oie
niinoa??aa?oueny i?e canoinoaaii? o?ae-oe?eii? ia?aaiiee ia?iaeaiiai
eoaii nie?oo-ne?oeth ca ?aooiie cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? aeueaeaa?ae?a,
ao???a, aee?ieo eeneio i?e iacia/iiio cieaeaii? ianiai? eiioeaio?aoe??
aeueo nie?o?a ? c?inoaii? eiioeaio?aoe?? oa?iaiiaeo ?a/iaei, ye?
ooai?eeeny i?ae /an iieeaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo ao???a aiane?aeie
iiia?aaeiuei? ia?iaee nie?oo eoaii. I/euaiiy nie?oo i?ae aaeooiii
i?eaaei aei cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? aeueaeaa?ae?a, ao???a, i?e
iacia/iiio cieaeaii? eiioeaio?aoe?? noie aeueo nie?o?a ? c?inoaii?
eiioeaio?aoe?? aeayeeo aeueo nie?o?a ? oa?iaiiaeo niieoe. Iii?/aia
yaeua iiynith?oueny oei, ui aeey noai?aiiy ia?iai-iia?o?yii? noi?o? aoei
aeei?enoaii nie?o-ne?aoeue, a eiao?oe??ioe ?aeoeo?eaoe?? oeeo a?oi
?a/iaei a iaaeao eiioeaio?aoe?e i?oeiiai nie?oo iaioa iaeeieoe?. Oe??th
ae i?e/eiith iiaeia iiynieoe iacia/ia aeeo/aiiy oeeo a?oi ?a/iaei i?ae
/an o?aeoe?eii? ia?aaiiee.

Iaea?eueoa nooi?iue cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? aeueo nie?o?a, ao???a ?
iaoaiieo i?e iacia/iiio ciaioaii? eiioeaio?aoe?e ?ioeo aeii?oie
niinoa??aa?oueny o c?aceo nie?oo, ia?iaeaiiai aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi.

Oaaeeoey 3.1 – Aieea ??cieo niinia?a ia?iaee ae/aai/iiai nie?oo
ia eiai o?i?/iee neeaae

Cia/aiiy iieacieea ia/aei3 a a.n.

Iaeiaioaaiiy

iieaciee?a:

aac

i/euaiiy

ia?iaea n?i’yi 100 a/aei3

10 ae?a

ia?iaea eoaii ? iiaoi?ia ia?aaiiea

i/euai-iy i?ae aaeooiii

Ia’?iia /anoea aoeeiaiai nie?oo, (

80,3

79,5

81,7

79,31

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y:

iaoaiieo

1,54

0,25

0,76

0,97

Noie aeueo nie?o?a,

o oiio /ene?:

4062,9

3311,68

3575,88

3955,7

i?iieeiaiai

811,23

538,92

648,48

690,44

?ciaooeeiaiai

939,76

677,36

803,88

882,44

aooeeiaiai

62,95

48,92

56,19

57,32

?ciaieeiaiai

1992,67

1801,05

1875,47

2057,4

aaeneeiaiai

227,41

213,85

164,65

240,34

(- oaieeaoeeiaiai

12,65

9,93

3,72

7,63

Noie oa?iaiiaeo ?a/iaei

21,51

22,07

28,88

27,36

Noie aeueaeaa?ae?a ? ea?aii?eueieo niieoe,

o oiio /ene?:

410,23

384,19

100,27

231,15

ioeaoiaiai aeueaeaa?aeo

339,40

350,22

90,99

197,82

i?iieiiiaiai aeueaeaa?aeo

67,22

30,60

7,49

29,69

Noie neeaaeieo ao???a,

o oiio /ene?:

1663,96

873,09

220,487

644,68

aoeeaoeaoaoo

1126,14

395,43

81,71

103,59

AEe?ieo eeneio

113,00

102,26

16,26

105,85

Noie eaoeeo niieoe

6272,37

4693,29

3942,16

4965,2

C iaoith iioei?caoe?? niiniao ia?iaee nie?oo aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi ?
ii??aiyiiy eiai c ia?iaeith aea?aaeiith aeoaa, nie?o ae??aeaeaeiaee
aoa ia?iaeaiee ca ianooiieie noaiaie: 1 – ia?iaeith iiae??aiaiei n?i’yi,
yea ciaaee?aia ? ano?aaiaaia nie?oii; 2 – ia?iaeith iiae??aiaiei
n?i’yi, ui ciaaee?aia; 3 – ia?iaeith oe?eei n?i’yi; 4 – ia?iaeith
iiae??aiaiei n?i’yi; 5 – ia?iaeith nie?oiaei aeno?aeoii c aeiia?aaeiiai
n?i’y; 6 – ia?iaeith nie?oiaei aeno?aeoii ?c ciaaee?aiiai n?i’y; 7 –
ia?iaeith iiae??aiaiei aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi, yea aeno?aaiaaia nie?oii ; 8
– ia?iaeith aeoaiaith eeaieith ca oaiia?aoo?e iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua
(i.o.) c iia?o?yiith eaia?ith 50 (; 9 – ia?iaeith aeoaiaith eeaieith ca
oaiia?aoo?e iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua (i.o.) aac iia?o?yii? eaia?e; 10
– ia?iaeith aeoaiaith eeaieith ca oaiia?aoo?e 60(N, c iia?o?yiith
eaia?ith 50 (; 11 – ia?iaeith aeoaiaith eeaieith ca oaiia?aoo?e 60(N,
aac iia?o?yii? eaia?e; E – eiio?ieue(aac ia?iaee. Ia?iaeo aeiia?aaeiei
n?i’yi ? eiai iio?aeieie i?iaiaeeee ca aeice

100 a/aei3 nie?oo i?ioyaii 10 ae?a. Ia?iaeo aea?aaeiith aeoaa
i?iaiaeeee i?ioyaii 1 i?n. ca ieoiii? ieiue iiaa?oi? eeaiee 100 ni2/aei3
nie?oo. ?acoeueoaoe o?iiaoia?ao?/iiai aiae?co aeine?aeieo c?ace?a
iaaaaeai? o oaae. 3.2.

Oaaeeoey 3.2 – Ai?no aeueo nie?o?a o aeiia?aaeiiio nie?o? i?ney ??cieo
aa??aio?a ia?iaee, ia/aei3 a.n.

Iaeiaioaaiiy

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y, ia/aei3, ca?aeii noaie ia?iaee

aeueo nie?o?a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

E

i?iieeiaee

784

745

730

850

882

909

770

898

741

915

884

917

?ci-aooeeiaee

205

130

120

199

192

197

176

190

165

200

180

201

aooeeiaee

60

53

55

53

81

74

65

68

58

70

64

70

?ci-aieeiaee

815

781

737

833

808

886

701

817

719

844

785

859

aaeneeiaee

280

350

330

314

301

347

247

286

255

287

281

306

(-oai?eaoeeiaee

22

31

25

24

34

39

22

30

Noia

2144

2059

1972

2249

2286

2444

1984

2283

1972

2355

2216

2383

Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieie niiniaaie cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe??
aeueo nie?o?a ? ia?iaea nie?oo aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi oa aeo?eiea ia
aeoaia?e eeaioe? aac aeinooio iia?o?y c e?iiaoii? oaiia?aoo??. Oe? noaie
ia?iaee aoee a?ae?a?ai? aeey iiaeaeueoiai aea/aiiy. Oaeiae aoei
anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e ii?ooaii? no?oeoo?e aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y,
aoaeoeai?noue cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? aeueo nie?o?a i?ae /an ia?iaee
ciaioo?oueny.

C iaoith aea/aiiy aieeao aeice aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y ia nooi?iue cieaeaiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?e eaoeeo aeii?oie ae/aai/iee nie?o aoa ia?iaeaiee n?i’yi
aeicith 50, 100 ? 200 a/aei3 nie?oo i?ioyaii 10 ae?a. Ia i?aenoaa?
o?iiaoia?ao?/iiai aiae?co anoaiiaeaii, ui iioeiaeueiith aeey cieaeaiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?? eaoeeo aeii?oie ? aeica 100 a/aei3. Ca?eueoaiiy ?? ia
i?eaiaeeei aei ca?eueoaiiy aoaeoo i/enoee nie?oo. E??i oiai, i?e oeueiio
c?inoathoue ao?aoe aaniethoiiai aeeiaieth, ye? iiaeooue aooe ioe?iai? ca
ianooiieie i?aeoe/ieie oi?ioeaie:

Ao?aoe a.a., ( a?ae ii/aoeiai? e?eueeino?

Ia’?i nie?oo i?ney ia?iaee, aeae

Ia’?iia /anoea aoeeiaiai nie?oo i?ney ia?iaee, (

aea V0 ? K0 – ia’?i aiaeiiai nie?oo ? eiai eiioeaio?aoe?y aei, a V ? K
– i?ney ia?iaee nie?oo iia?o?yii-nooei n?i’yi ianith mc (ea).

Aoea aea/aia aeeiai?ea aeno?aeoe?? nie?oii oaiieueieo ?a/iaei
aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y (oaae. 3.3). Anoaiiaeaii, i?e canoinoaaii? aaeeeeo
aeic n?i’y ui /a?ac /ioe?e aeiae a?aeaoaa?oueny iane/aiiy, a o ?ac?
iiaeaeueoiai eiioaeooaaiiy – aeayeia cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? oaiieueieo
?a/iaei.

Oaaeeoey 3.3 – Aieea aeice aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y ia aeeiai?eo
iaeiie/aiiy oaiieueieo ?a/iaei i?e ia?iaoe? nie?oo

Oa?i?i ia?iaee

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y oaiieueieo ?a/iaei, ia/aei3,

caeaaeii a?ae aeice n?i’y

(ae?a)

aeica 50 a/aei3

aeica 100 a/aei3

aeica 200 a/aei3

1

300

600

1300

2

470

900

1950

3

630

1306

2840

4

675

1400

3040

10

680

1360

2960

C iaoith aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee neeaaeo nie?oo a i?ioean? ia?iaee, nie?o
ae/aai/iee aoa ia?iaeaiee n?i’yi (100 a/aei3) c ??ciei oa?i?iii
eiioaeoo. Ia?aeaeueii oeae aea nie?o aoa ia?iaeaiee aeiia?aaeiith ie??th
aeicith 10 ni3/aei3 nie?oo (oaae. 3.4).

Oaaeeoey 3.4 – Aeeiai?ea ci?ie eaoeeo aeii?oie nie?oo i?e ia?iaoe?
aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi a ii??aiyii? c ia?iaeith aeiia?aaeiith ie??th

Iaeiaioaaiiy

Cia/aiiy iieacieea, ia/aei3 a a.n.

iieaciee?a

nie?o

Oa?i?i eiioaeooaaiiy

ia?iaea

ia/aeueiee

1 aeiaa

4 ae?a

10 ae?a

ie??th

Ia’?iia /anoea aoeeiaiai nie?oo, (

80,3

79,5

80,3

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y:

iaoaiieo

1,54

0,86

0,70

0,25

1,71

Noie aeueo nie?o?a,

o oiio /ene?:

4062,9

2945,06

3222,96

3311,68

3362,97

i?iiaiieo

811,23

460,58

481,77

538,92

607,50

?ciaooaiieo

939,76

585,09

652,60

677,36

756,95

aooaiieo

62,95

43,10

50,27

48,92

49,40

?ciaieeiaiai

1992,67

1624,67

1789,96

1801,05

1718,12

ieoaiieo

2,09

2,37

1,43

2,83

2,96

iiiaiieo

1,13

1,52

0,97

1,74

1,63

Noie oa?iaiiaeo ?a/iaei

21,51

22,33

12,84

22,07

22,22

Noia aeueaeaa?ae?a ? ea?aii?eueieo niieoe,

o oiio /ene?

410,23

326,44

316,41

384,19

595,68

ioeoiaee aeueaeaa?ae

339,40

299,63

276,89

350,22

577,16

Noie neeaaeieo ao???a,

o oiio /ene?:

1663,96

818,51

897,73

873,09

978,24

aoeeaoeaoaoo

1126,14

295,43

428,97

395,43

497,31

AEe?ieo eeneio

113,00

107,82

63,26

102,26

88,42

Noie eaoeeo niieoe

6272,37

4220,59

4513,2

4693,29

5048,38

Iaea?eueoa cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? iniiaieo eaoeeo aeii?oie
niinoa??aa?oueny /a?ac 1 aeiao eiioaeooaaiiy, i?e iiaeaeueoiio
eiioaeooaaii? a?aeaoaa?oueny i?aeaeuaiiy caaaeueii? eiioeaio?aoe??
eaoeeo aeii?oie nie?oo, iniiaieo neaooieo nie?o?a i?e iaeii/aniiio
cieaeaii? eiioeaio?aoe?? niieoe c ?icaeiaiei aoaeaaiaeiaaei neaeaoii,
ye? a?ae??ciythoueny iecueeeie ii?iaiaeie eiioeaio?aoe?yie niaeo ?
a?iiaoo. I?e eiioaeooaaii? i?ioyaii 10 ae?a niinoa??aa?oueny iiaeaeueoa
iia??oaiiy o?i?/ieo ? i?aaiieaioe/ieo iieaciee?a nie?oo.

Aeoiaey/e c aiae?co aeeiai?ee ci?ie eiioeaio?aoe?? eaoeeo aeii?oie
nie?oo a i?ioean? eiai ia?iaee aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi, yeo ei?aeoii
iiynieoe ia o?i?/ieie ?aaeoe?yie, a ianiiai?iieie i?ioeanaie,
i?iiiio?oueny aeeooc?eiee iaoai?ci aeno?aeoe?? eaoeeo aeii?oie nie?oo
aeiia?aaeiith ie??th /a?ac iai?ai?iieeio iaia?aio eeai?iiai? iaieiiee
n?i’y, aeai?/?noue yei? iia??oo?oueny a i?ioean? eiioaeooaaiiy.

Aeey e?euee?nii? ioe?iee a?aeiia?aeiino? oa?aeoa?o ia?iaee nie?oo
oeyoii eiioaeoo c n?i’yi a ia?iaoe? aeiia?aaeiith ie??th, aeei?enoaii
ii?iiaaia a?aeoeeaiiy iieaciee?a neeaaeo a i?ioean? ia?iaee a?ae
a?aeiia?aeieo iieaciee?a neeaaeo nie?oo aiane?aeie ia?iaee aeiia?aaeiith
ie??th, ?ic?aoiaaii ca oi?ioeith, , aea n – e?euee?noue
aeine?aeaeaieo iieaciee?a neeaaeo, xi ? yi – eiioeaio?aoe?? i-e aeii?oee
a i?ioean? ia?iaee nie?oo n?i’yi ? aiane?aeie ia?iaee eiai aeiia?aaeiith
ie??th, a?aeiia?aeii. Aeey noaoenoe/ii? ioe?iee aeei?enoaee 60
iieaciee?a neeaaeo nie?oo. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iaaaaeai? o oaae.
3.5.

Oaaeeoey 3.5 – Ioe?iea a?aeiia?aeiino? oa?aeoa?o ci?ie o?i?/iiai neeaaeo
nie?oo i?e ia?iaoe? ??ciith aeicith aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y a ii??aiyii? c
ia?iaeith aeiia?aaeiith ie??th

Aa??aio

nie?o aac

aeica 100 a/aei3

50a/aei3

200a/aei3

ia?iaee

ia?iaee

1aeiaa

4 ae?a

10 ae?a

10 ae?a

10 ae?a

Cia/aiiy S

100,74

54,60

46,68

36,69

52,28

35,84

Ciaioaiiy aaee/eie ii?iiaaiiai a?aeoeeaiiy i?e ca?eueoaii? oa?i?i?a
eiioaeoo na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui i?e o?eaaeeo oa?i?iao eiioaeooaaiiy
o?i?/iee neeaae nie?oo iaaeeaea?oueny aei aa??aioo ia?iaee
aeiia?aaeiith ie??th.

Aiane?aeie ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue, c?iaeaii
aeniiaie: aeecueeith aei iioeiaeueii? aaaaeaoe ia?iaeo aeiia?aaeiei
n?i’yi aeicith 100 a/aei3 nie?oo i?ioyaii ia a?eueoa 4-o ae?a. I?e
oeueiio eiioeaio?aoe?y oaiieueieo ?a/iaei a nie?o? aeinyaa? 1400
ia/aei3, ui caaacia/o? caaaa/aiiy ieie aeiiiaoa??aeo i?e nie?ooaaii? ia
a?eueo i?ae ia 300 ia/aei3 ?, ca aeaieie I?aia?aaeainueeiai (1967),
cia/ii iie?ioo? i?aaiieaioe/i? iieacieee aei oeio ii?oaaeio i?ney
oa?iiia?iaee.

4. Oi?ioaaiiy aeiia aei aeiia?aaeieo ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo nie?o?a aeey
canoinoaaiiy o ae?iaieoeoa? i?oeieo aei. Iaoaiaoe/ia
iiaeaethaaiiy neeaaeo aei ? iaii?a

O i?ioean? ?ic?iaee oaoiieia?? ae??ooaaeany i?iaeaia ii?ioaaiiy a?aie/ii
aeiionoeieo eiioeaio?aoe?e aeii?oie o ia?aeoeo?eiaaiiio aoeeiaiio
aeiia?aaeiiio nie?o?. C iaoith iiaeaethaaiiy aieeao canoinoaaiiy nie?oo
aeiia?aaeiiai ia o?i?/iee neeaae aeiiiaoa??ae?a, ui io?eiothoueny i?e
oeueiio, ?ic?iaeai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? eoiaaeiiai iaiith. Aei iniiae
iiaoaeiae iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae caeeaaeaii i?eioeeie ?ic?aooie?a
eoiaae?a oeyoii neeaaeaiiy iieaciaiai ? iaoa??aeueiiai aaeain?a
oaoiieia?/ieo ??aiyiue eoiaaeo (?onaeia, 1989).

I?ae /an aiae?co iiaeeeaeo noai ? iaoiae?a ??oaiiy caaaeaiue uiaei
eoiaaeoaaiiy anoaiiaeaii, ui an? aiie caiaeyoueny aei aeaio iniiaieo:
i?yiee – ?ic?aooiie eiiaeeoe?e ? ia’?io eoiaaea i?e a?aeiiiio
ni?aa?aeiioaii? ia’?i?a eoiaaeieo iaoa??ae?a c a?aeiieie eiiaeeoe?yie;
cai?ioi?e – aecia/aiiy iaiao?aeieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue ia’?i?a eiiiiiaio c
a?aeiieie eiiaeeoe?yie aeey aeinyaiaiiy iio?aao?ieo eiiaeeoe?e eoiaaeo.
Oaeiae anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e ??oaii? cai?ioiueiai caaaeaiiy
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ia’?i?a eoiaaeieo iaoa??ae?a caeaaeeoue o?eueee a?ae
iaiao?aeieo eiiaeeoe?e aioiaiai eoiaaea ? eiiaeeoe?e ii/aoeiaeo
iaoa??ae?a. Oea aeicaieeei ?iciiae?eeoe cai?ioia caaaeaiiy ia aeae?eueea
iacaeaaeieo aoai?a: 1 – anoaiiaeaiiy eiai ei?aeoiino?; 2 – iae?e
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ia’?i?a eiiiiiaio; 3 – ?ic?aooiie ia’?i?a eoiaaeo ?
eoiaaeieo iaoa??ae?a.

O ie?aio eaoaai??th aoea a?aeianaia iioei?caoe?y neeaaeo eoiaaeo.
Cie?aia, aeey io?eiaiiy eoiaaeo, iaeneiaeueii iaaeeaeaiiai ca
iieacieeaie neeaaeo aei aoaeiiiiai, aeei?enoaee iiiyooy n-i??iiai
Aaee?aeiaa i?inoi?o iieaciee?a neeaaeo, aea aoaeue-yeee iai?e iiaeia
i?aaenoaaeoe o aeaeyae? ?aae?on-aaeoi?a a e?i?eiiio i?inoi??
oaoiieia?/ii aaaeeeaeo iieaciee?a (EIOAI) o aeaeyae?

aea – ?aae?on-aaeoi? a EIOAI, ai-aaniethoia cia/aiiy i-ai iieacieea
neeaaeo – c oi/i?noth aei aecia/aiiy ianiai? aai ia’?iii? eiioeaio?aoe??
i-e oaoiieia?/ii aaaeeeai? ?a/iaeie (?ioaineaiee ia?aiao?), (i –
ii?iiaaiee eiao?oe??io, /enaeueii ??aiee 1/maxai, x-ia’?i iai?th
(aenoaineaiee ia?aiao?), n-?ici??i?noue e?i?eiiai i?ino??o, – iaeeie/iee
i?o a EIOAI, a1=1.

Oea aeicaieeei caanoe caaaeaiiy c iioei?caoe?? neeaaeo aei i?i?i?caoe??
aeiaaeeie ?aae?ona-aaeoi?a ??cieoe? aaeoi??a aioiaiai eoiaaea ?
aoaeiiiiai c?acea i?e iaeeaaeaieo iaiaaeaiiyo ia ia’?ie eoiaaeieo
iaoa??ae?a.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie iiaeaethaaiiy o?i?/iiai neeaaeo aei, ui io?eiothoueny c
aeei?enoaiiyi aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a, c aenia?eiaioaeueieie oa
e?oa?aoo?ieie aeaieie ca neeaaeii ? ye?noth aeiia?aaeieo aei, aoee
noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? aeiiae aei nie?oo aeiia?aaeiiai aeey
canoinoaaiiy o ae?iaieoeoa? i?oeieo aei (oaae. 4.1).

Oaaeeoey 4.1 – Iniiai? aeiiae aei o?i?/iiai neeaaeo nie?oo aoeeiaiai
aeiia?aaeiiai ui canoiniaothoue o aeii?ianoa?

Iaeiaioaaiiy iieaciee?a

Cia/aiiy

iieacieea

Ia’?iia /anoea aoeeiaiai nie?oo, (, ia iaio

70,0

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y aeueaeaa?ae?a, o ia?a?aooieo ia ioeoiaee
aeueaeaa?ae, a a.n., ia/aei3, ia a?eueo

400,0

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y aeueo nie?o?a, o ia?a?aooieo ia ?ciai?eiaee nie?o
a a.n., ia/aei3, ia a?eueo

2500,0

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y ao???a, o ia?a?aooieo

ia ioeoiai-aoeeiaee ao??, a a.n., ia/aei3, ia a?eueo

1500,0

Ia’?iia /anoea iaoeeiaiai nie?oo, a a.n., (, ia a?eueo

0,2

5. ?ic?iaea oaoiieia?? i?oeieo aei ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a

Io?eiai? ca ??cieie noaiaie ia?iaee aeiia?aaei? nie?oe aoee aeei?enoai?
aeey i?eaiooaaiiy aeiiiaoa??ae?a. Aeine?aei? ? eiio?ieuei? aeiiiaoa??aee
aoee iiae?eai? ia aea? ia?o??, iaeia c yeeo i?ieoea oa?i?/io ia?iaeo
i?ioyaii 30 ae?a ca oaiia?aoo?e 50 (N. Aeoiaey/e c ?acoeueoao?a
can?aeaiiy aeaaonoaoe?eii? eii?n?? “?A?A Iaaa?a/”, a ?iaio? ye?e a?aee
o/anoue i?ia?aei? oao?aoe?-aeii?iae E?einiaoicaeii?iio, IAI
Iannaiae?a”, Anioe?aoe?? “Aeueeaaea?”, aoa c?iaeaiee aeniiaie:
iaeneiaeueio ioe?ieo io?eiothoue c?acee aei, i?eaioiaai? ?c
canoinoaaiiyi nie?oo-ne?oey, ia?iaeaiiai aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi, ui
iniaeeai aeyaey?oueny i?ney ?o oa?iiia?iaee. Oiio, aeey ae?iaie/i?
ia?aa??ee aoa ?aeiiaiaeiaaiee niin?a ia?iaee nie?oo-ne?oey aeiia?aaeiei
n?i’yi.

C iaoith anoaiiaeaiiy aieeao canoinoaaiiy nie?o?a aeiia?aaeiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy ia neeaae eaoeiai eiiieaeno e??ieaieo aei, aoee
i?iaiae?ciaai? aeine?aei? ? eiio?ieuei? aeia. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
iaaaaeaii o oaae. 5.1. Iiaeia eiinoaooaaoe, ui aeia ia iniia?
aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a a?ae??ciythoueny aaeeeith e?euee?noth
a?iiaoiooai?thth/eo ?a/iaei, eiioeaio?aoe?? yeeo a i?ioean? oa?iiia?iaee
ci?iththoueny.

Oaaeeoey 5.1 – Aieea oa?iiia?iaee aei ia eiioeaio?aoe?th eaoeeo
niieoe a caeaaeiino? a?ae aeaea?aea iioiaeaeaiiy nie?oo

Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y, ia/aei3, i?e aeei?enoaii? nie?oo

Iaeiaioaaiiy

ae??aeaeaeiaiai

c aeiiiaoa??ae?a

eaoeiai

eiiiiiaioa:

?aeoeo?-eiaaiiai

aei

ia?iaee oaieii

i?ney

ia?iaee

oaieii

aei

ia?iaee

oaieii

i?ney

ia?iaee

oaieii

aoeaoaeueaeaa?ae

73,0

76,0

136,0

150,0

226,0

i-i?iiaiie

10,2

300,0

220,0

220,0

180,0

i-aooaiie

31,0

50,0

40,0

200,0

108,0

i-aieeiaee

91,0

250,0

200,0

240,0

200,0

aoeeaoeaoao

27,6

29,0

73,0

60,0

93,0

aoeeeaeoao

49,0

60,0

113,0

70,0

109,0

aoeeaoo??ao

0,1

2,1

7,0

0,3

1,3

aoeeoi?i?ao

5,2

5,0

5,5

18,0

18,0

?ciaieeaoeaoao

0,1

0,3

1,6

0,7

1,3

aoeeeai?iiao

0,2

0,9

1,9

0,2

0,9

aoeeeai??eao

0,04

0,4

0,8

0,5

1,3

aoeeeai??iao

0,01

0,2

1,13

1,1

1,3

(- oaieeaoeaoao

0,03

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,3

aoeeeao??iao

0,01

0,06

0,06

0,08

0,08

(- oaieeaoaiie

1,16

1,3

0,7

1,4

0,6

Noia eaoeeo

niieoe

288,67

775,36

800,84

962,46

941,08

Oa?aeoa? aieeao aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a ia e?iaoeeo o?ainoi?iaoe?? eaoeiai
eiiieaeno i?oeieo aei, aea/aii ia i?eeeaae? aeiiiaoa??ae?a aeey
ii?oaaeio a?eiai: eiio?ieueiiai (nie?o ?aeoeo?eao) ? aeine?aeiiai (nie?o
c aeiiiaoa??ae?a i?aniaeo o?aeoe?e nonea, ia?iaeaiee aea?aaeiith aeoaa).
Oe? c?acee aoee iiae?eai? ia aea? ia?o??, iaeia c yeeo i?ieoea
oa?iiia?iaeo. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ni?yiiaai?noue o?ceei-o?i?/ieo ?aaeoe?e
iaeiaeiaa a aeine?aeieo ? eiio?ieueieo aeiao, iaeiae oaeaeeino? oeeo
i?ioean?a ??ci?. Aeey e?euee?nii? ioe?iee aieeao ia?iaeaiiai
aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo ia oaeaee?noue i?io?eaiiy o?ceei-o?i?/ieo i?ioean?a
i?ae /an oa?iiia?iaee ? aeo?eiee aeiiiaoa??ae?a aeei?enoaii a?aeiioaiiy
na?aaei?o oaeaeeinoae ci?ie iieaciee?a neeaaeo i?e oa?iiia?iaoe? ?
aeo?eioe? , aea: e – ci?ia iieacieea neeaaeo ca ia??iae oa?iiia?iaee a
aeine?aeiiio ? eiio?ieueiiio aeiiiaoa??aeao; e – ci?ia iieacieea
neeaaeo ca ia??iae aeo?eiee a aeine?aeiiio ? eiio?ieueiiio
aeiiiaoa??aeao, a?aeiia?aeii. ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo oeeo eiao?oe??io?a
iaaaaeai? o oaae. 5.2.

Oaaeeoey 5.2 – Aieea canoinoaaiiy nie?oo aeiia?aaeiiai ia oaeaee?noue
o?i?/ieo i?ioean?a i?e oa?iiia?iaoe? ? aeo?eioe?

Iaeiaioaaiiy

Oa?iiia?iaea

Aeo?eiea

i?ioeano

Ciaioaiiy eiioeaio?aoe??:

noie aeueo nie?o?a

o oiio /ene?:

2,10

i?iieeiaiai

2,85

?ciaooeeiaiai

1,81

1,36

aooeeiaiai

2,33

?ciaieeiaiai

1,57

1,51

aaeneeiaiai

1,86

(- oaieeaoeeiaiai

1,73

noie oaiieueieo ?a/iaei

0,5

0,23

Ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe??:

noie ao???a

o oiio /ene?:

3,99

aoeeaoeaoao

8,52

12,0

aoeeeaeoao

3,76

4,3

?ciaieeaoeaoao

3,89

3,65

(- oaieeaoeaoao

1,25

aeueaeaa?ae?a

2,27

2,11

eaoeeo eeneio

2,0

iiiiia?ieo oi?i oaiieueieo ?a/iaei

1,02

0,58

Aiae?c e?iaoe/ieo caeiiii??iinoae iieacaa:

canoinoaaiiy ia?iaeaiiai ia?aeoeo?eiaaiiai nie?oo aeiia?aaeiiai,
caaaa/aiiai eaoeeie aeii?oeaie ? oaiieueieie ?a/iaeiaie, ni?ey? a?eueo
oaeaeeiio oi?ioaaiith oeio aeia, i?ae o ?ac? canoinoaaiiy nie?oo
?aeoeo?eiaaiiai;

i?e ae?iaieoeoa? i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei c aeei?enoaiiyi
ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a aeioe?eueia ii?aeiaiiy
oa?iiia?iaee c iiaeaeueoith aeo?eieith i?ioyaii 1-6 i?nyoe?a.

AENIIAEE ? ?AEIIAIAeAOe?? AE?IAIEOeOAO

1. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iioaioe?eiee ia’?i aoeeiaiai nie?oo c aoi?eieo
?ano?n?a aeii?ianoaa Oe?a?ie iiaea caaacia/eoe ae?iaieoeoai 20 (
e??ieaieo aei a?ae ?nioth/eo ianya?a ?o ae?iaeaiiy.

2. I?e ia?iaoe? ia?aeoeo?eiaaiiai nie?oo aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi
a?aeaoaa?oueny i?ioean aeno?aeoe?? aeiia?aaeiith ie??th aee?i?in/eiieo
?a/iaei /a?ac eeai?iiao iaieiieo aeiia?aaeiiai n?i’y, yea aeeiio? ?ieue
iieaeoey?iiai neoa.

3. Nie?o c aoi?eieo ?ano?n?a aeii?ianoaa iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee aeey
i?eaiooaaiiy i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei oeio ii?oaaei ca?aeii c
oaoiieia?/iith noaiith (?en 1), yea aeeth/a?: io?eiaiiy nie?oo c
aoi?eiii? ne?iaeie, eiai ia?iaeo aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi aeicith 100 a/aei3
nie?oo i?ioyaii ia a?eueoa 4-o ae?a aai ia?iaeo aea?aaeiith aeoaa c
ieoiiith iiaa?oiath 80-100 ni2/aei3 nie?oo aac aeinooio iia?o?y i?ioyaii
ia iaio i?ae 1 i?n., nie?ooaaiiy i?aea?iaeaeaiiai nonea, ina?oeaiiy
i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a, ?o oa?iiia?iaeo ? ei?ioei/anio aeo?eieo 1-6 i?n.

?en. 1. Oaoiieia?/ia noaia ae?iaieoeoaa i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei
ia iniia? ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a

1 – ae??aeaeaeia? inaaee, aeeooc?eiee n?e, aeiiiaoa??aee i?aniaeo
o?aeoe?e; 2 – a?aaiia?aaiiia onoaiiaea; 3 – ca??ieee nie?oo-ne?oey; 4 –
ianine; 5 – ?aaeoi? aeey ia?iaee aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi; 6 – ?aca?aoa? aeey
oa?i?/ii? ia?iaee nie?oo; 7 – ?aaeoi? aeey ia?iaee aea?aaeiith aeoaa; 8
– ?aca?aoa?e aeey nie?ooaaiiy nonea, ui a?iaeeoue; 9 – ?aca?aoa?e aeey
ina?oeaiiy aeiiiaoa??aeo; 10 – oa?i?/ia ia?iaea aeiiiaoa??ae?a; 11 –
ia?iaea ? caa??aaiiy aeiiiaoa??ae?a.

4. Oaeaee?noue o?ainoi?iaoe?? eaoeiai eiiieaeno i?e oa?iiia?iaoe? ?
aeo?eioe? i?oeieo aei ia iniia? ia?iaeaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a cia/ii
aeua, i?ae i?e aeei?enoaii? nie?oo ?aeoeo?eaoo, ui ni?ey? i?enei?aiiio
oi?ioaaiith oeio aeia ? aeicaiey? canoiniaoaaoe aiaeia?/i? ?aaeeie ?
ia?aiao?e o?aaeeoe?ei?e oaoiieia?? c aeei?enoaiiyi nie?oo ?aeoeo?eaoo.
Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? i?oeieo aei ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy aeiia?aaeiiai
nie?oo ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny oa?iieeniaaa ia?iaea c iiaeaeueoith
ei?ioei/aniith aeo?eieith i?ioyaii 1-6 i?n.

5. Canoinoaaiiy ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo aeiia?aaeieo nie?o?a aac iiia?aaeiuei?
ia?iaee i?eaiaeeoue aei io?eiaiiy aioiai? i?iaeoeoe?? cieaeaii? yeino?.

6. ?ic?iaeaii ? caoaa?aeaeaii I?in?eueainii?iaeii E?eio ii?iaoeaio ?
oaoiieia?/io aeieoiaioaoe?th uiaei ae?iaieoeoaa ia?iaeaiiai nie?oo
aoeeiaiai aeiia?aaeiiai (OO O 565/46.75.14.-95 ? O? O 565/46.75.14.-95).
?ic?iaeaii ? caoaa?aeaeaii aea? ia?ee i?aeeia?ieo i?oeieo aei: “Niiy/ia”
(a?ea, ?iaeaaa, /a?aiia) O? O 565/46.299-95 ? “Oaa??aea” (a?ea, /a?aiia)
O? O 565/46.298-95.

7. ?ic?iaeai? iaoaiaoe/iee aia?ao ? iaeaoe i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai c
iiaeaethaaiiy, i?iaeooaaiiy ? iioei?caoe?? o?ceei-o?i?/iiai neeaaeo aei
? iaii?a. Aeaia ?ic?iaea aeicaiey? i?aeo?eioaaoe iino?ei?noue
o?ceei-o?i?/iiai neeaaeo aioiai? i?iaeoeoe??, caaacia/o? aio/ea ?
?aoe?iiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy eoiaaeieo iaoa??ae?a.

NIENIE ?IA?O, IIOAE?EIAAIEO CA IAOA??AEAIE

AeENA?OAOe??

1. Nicaeaiea eoiaaeiuo iaieoeia iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey
ia YAI / Oeiioaaa ?.A., E?a/aoia E.A., Caai?oeei A.A., Aeiia?aaeia A.A.
// O?aiaiea e ia?a?aaioea naeueoicnu?uey. -1997. -?6. -N.38-40.

2. Oeiioaaa ?.A. Iaeioi?ua i?eeiaeaiey oai?ee iao?eoe e ?aoaieth caaea/
nicaeaiey iaieoeia n caaeaiiuie eiiaeeoeeyie iaoiaeii eoiaaea//
Aeiia?aaea?noai e aeiiaeaeea. -1996. -?1. -N.82-86.

3. Oeiioaaa ?.A. ?an/ao nie?oiaaiey a?iaeyuaai nonea ia YAI//
Aeiiaeaeue/aneay, ieaiaa?aiiay, eeea?i-aiaei/iay, ae?iaeaeaaay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue: Iao/ii-oaoie/aneee nai?iee, I.: Aa?iIEEOYEII. -1997.
-?2. -N.13-16.

4. Oeiioaaa ?.A., E?a/aoia E.A., Aeiia?aaeia A.A. ?aaoee?iaaiea
oeo?oaiie e aeoeaiie eeneioiinoe nonae e aei iaoiaeii iiaeaee?iaaiey
eoiaaea ia YAI// O?aiaiea e ia?a?aaioea naeueoicnu?uey. -1998. -?3.
-N.50-51.

5. Oeiioaaa ?.A. Eeanneoeeaoeey caaea/ iaoaiaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey
ninoaaa e naienoa eoiaaea ia YAI a oaoiieiaee aei e iaieoeia// O?aiaiea
e ia?a?aaioea naeueoicnu?uey. -1998. -?6. -N.55-56.

6. Oeiioaaa ?.A. E aii?ino ?an/aoa nie?oiaaiey a?iaeyuaai nonea//
Aeiia?aaea?noai e aeiiaeaeea: Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia EAeA
“Iaaa?a/”. -sseoa, -1998a. O. XXVIII. -N. 71-73.

7. Oeiioaaa ?.A., E?a/aoia E.A. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea iiaeoiaeu e ?aoaieth
caaea/ iioeiecaoeee ninoaaa eoiaaea ia YAI// O?aiaiea e ia?a?aaioea
naeueoicnu?uey. -1998. -?8. -N.45-47.

8. Oeiioaaa ?.A., E?a/aoia E.A., Caai?oeei A.A. Aiciiaeiua ia?niaeoeau
nicaeaiey e ?acaeoey eiaeono?ee aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oa aeey aeiiaeaeey//
Aeiiaeaeea: Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia EAeA “Iaaa?a/”. -sseoa. -1998. O.2.
-N. 5-8.

9. Oeiioaaa ?.A., E?a/aoia E.A. Iioaioeeaeueiua nu?ueaaua ?ano?nu
Oe?aeiu aeey i?iecaiaenoaa aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oa aeey aeiiaeaeey//
Aeiiaeaeea: Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia EAeA “Iaaa?a/”. – sseoa. 1998a.
-O.2. -N. 8-11.

10. Oeiioaaa ?.A. Ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey eoiaaeiie oaoiieiaee aei e
iaieoeia// Aeiiaeaeea: Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia EAeA “Iaaa?a/”. -sseoa.
-1998a. O.2. -N. 12-14.

11. Oeiioaaa ?.A., E?a/aoia E.A. Iaoiaeu iaoaiaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey
ia YAI aeey iieo/aiey iioeiaeueiuo eoiaaeae// Aeiia?aae e aeii ?innee.
-1998. – ?6. -N.29-31.

AIIOAOe?ss

Oeiio??a ?.A. ?ic?iaea oaoiieia?? i?oeieo aei c aeei?enoaiiyi aoeeiaiai
nie?oo aeiia?aaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy. -?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.18.07 – oaoiieia?y i?iaeoeo?a a?iae?iiy. ?inoeooo
Aeiia?aaeo e Aeia “Iaaa?a/” OAAI, sseoa, 1999.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ne?iaeiia aaca Oe?a?ie oeyoii ae?iaeaiiy nie?oo c
aoi?eiieo ?ano?n?a aeii?ianoaa iiaea caaacia/eoe aei 20 ( iio?aae a
aoeeiaiio nie?o?, ui iio??aai aeey io?eiaiiy i?oeieo aei.

Iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii ?aoe?iiaeueio oaoiieia?th i?aeaioiaee aeiia?aaeieo
nie?o?a ? iniiai? aeiiae aei nie?oo aeiia?aaeiiai aeey canoinoaaiiy o
ae?iaieoeoa? i?oeieo aei. Cai?iiiiiaaiee o?ceei-o?i?/iee iaoai?ci
i/euaiiy nie?oo aeiia?aaeiei n?i’yi.

Anoaiiaeaii caeiiii??iino? o?ainoi?iaoe?? eaoeiai eiiieaeno i?oeieo aei
a i?ioean? oa?iiia?iaee ? ei?ioei/anii? aeo?eiee o ?ac? canoinoaaiiy
aeiia?aaeieo ia?aeoeo?eiaaieo nie?o?a, ui aeicaieeei iaa?oiooaaoe
?aaeeie ? ia?aiao?e oaoiieia?? i?oeieo i?aeeia?ieo aei ia ?o iniia?.

?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/iee aia?ao ? iaeao i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai
iiaeaethaaiiy, i?iaeooaaiiy ? iioei?caoe?? neeaaeo eoiaaeieo iaii?a.

?ic?iaeaii, caoaa?aeaeaii ? aei?iaiaaii o ae?iaieoeoa? ii?iaoeai? ?
oaoiieia?/i? aeieoiaioe, ui ?aaeaiaioothoue ae?iaieoeoai ia?iaeaiiai
aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oo ? aeaio ia?ie i?oeieo aei ia ?o iniia?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?oei? aeia, aeiia?aaeiee nie?o, aoi?eii? ?ano?ne
aeii?ianoaa, ia?iaea nie?oo, eoiaae, iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue iaiith.

AIIIOAOeEss

Oeiioaaa ?.A. ?ac?aaioea oaoiieiaee e?aieeo aei n eniieueciaaieai
yoeeiaiai nie?oa aeiia?aaeiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.18.07 – Oaoiieiaey i?iaeoeoia a?iaeaiey. –
Einoeooo aeiia?aaea e aeia “Iaaa?a/” OAAI, sseoa, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai ?ac?aaioee ?aoeeiiaeueiie oaoiieiaee
eniieueciaaiey nie?oa aeiia?aaeiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey, a oii /enea ec
aoi?e/iuo ?ano?nia aeiiaeaeey a i?iecaiaenoaa e?aieeo aei n
aiciiaeiinoueth aa ?aaeecaoeee ia caaiaeao ia?ae/iiai aeiiaeaeey.

Onoaiiaeaii, /oi iioaioeeaeueiiai eiee/anoaa nie?oa ec aoi?e/iuo
?ano?nia aeiia?aaei-aeiiaeaeue/aneie io?anee Oe?aeiu aeinoaoi/ii aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey ia 20 ( iio?aaiinoe a nie?oa i?iecaiaenoaa e?aieaiuo
aei.

Iainiiaaia aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey a oaoiieiaee e?aieeo aei
ia?aeoeoeeiaaiiuo aeiia?aaeiuo nie?oia iinea eo ia?aaioee. ?ac?aaioaiu
?aaeeiu e ia?aiao?u oaoiieiaee ia?aaioee nie?oa aeiia?aaeiuie naiaiaie e
ae?aaaneiie aeoaa n oeaeueth nieaeaiey eiioeaio?aoeee iaaeaeaoaeueiuo
i?eianae. Iainiiaaiu o?aaiaaiey e aeiia?aaeiui nie?oai aeey i?eiaiaiey a
i?iecaiaenoaa e?aieeo aei.

I?aaeeiaeai oeceei-oeie/aneee iaoaieci i/enoee nie?oa, iauyniythuee
aeeiaieeo eciaiaiey eiioeaio?aoeee eaoo/eo i?eianae a i?ioeanna aai
ia?aaioee aeiia?aaeiuie naiaiaie.

Onoaiiaeaiu caeiiiia?iinoe o?ainoi?iaoeee eaoo/aai eiiieaena e?aieaiuo
aei a i?ioeanna oa?iiia?aaioee e e?aoeia?aiaiiie auaea?aeee a neo/aa
i?eiaiaiey aeiia?aaeiuo ia?aeoeoeeiaaiiuo nie?oia, /oi iicaieeei
iainiiaaoue ?aaeeiu e ia?aiao?u oaoiieiaee e?aieeo i?aeeia?iuo aei ia eo
iniiaa.

?ac?aaioaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee iaieoeia e iaeao i?eeeaaeiuo
i?ia?aii, iicaieythuea ?aoaoue caaea/e ?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey
eoiaaeiuo iaoa?eaeia e iioeiecaoeee ninoaaa eoiaaea a oaoiieiaee e?aieeo
aei e ae?oaeo iaieoeia.

?ac?aaioaiu, ooaa?aeaeaiu e i?ioee i?iecaiaenoaaiioth ai?iaaoeeth
?aoeeiiaeueiua oaoiieiaee e ii?iaoeaii-oaoiieiae/aneea aeieoiaiou,
?aaeaiaioe?othuea i?iecaiaenoai ia?aaioaiiiai aeiia?aaeiiai nie?oa e
aeaoo ia?ie e?aieeo aei ia eo iniiaa.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: e?aieea aeia, aeiia?aaeiue nie?o, aoi?e/iua ?ano?nu
aeiiaeaeey, ia?aaioea nie?oa, eoiaae, iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue iaieoea.

ANNOTATION

Timofeyev R.G. Development of a process for the production of fortified
wines by using grape ethanol. – Manuscript.

Thesis to obtain a Degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences in
Speciality 05.18.07 – Technology of Fermented Products. -Institute for
Vine and Wine “Magarach”, Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Yalta,
1999.

It has been established that the Ukraine`s potential as to the
production of ethanol from enological wastes is capable to provide the
needs of ethanol for the production of fortified wines at the level of
20 (.

A process for the preliminary treatment of grape ethanol has been
theoretically supported. A physico-chemical process for ethanol
purification by means of grape seeds has been suggested.

Regularities have been established pertaining to the transformation of
the volatile complex of wines fortified with nonrectified grape ethanol
during thermal treatment and a short aging period. This has led to a
theoretical support and explanation of modes and parameters of processes
for the production of fortified wines.

A mathematical formalism and a package of applied programs for
modelling, designing and optimization of the composition of blended
beverages have been developed.

Efficient processes and norms referring to the production of grape
ethanol and two brands of fortified wines by using these processes have
been developed, approved by the industry`s authorities and tested on an
industrial scale.

Key words: fortified wines, grape ethanol, enological wastes,
preliminary treatment of ethanol, blending, mathematical model of a
beverage.

Aaoi? au?aaeaao aeaaiaea?iinoue ae.o.i., i?io. Caai?oeei A.A. ca
iaoiaee/aneoth iiiiuue e oeaiiua caia/aiey i?e iaienaiee ianoiyuae
aeenna?oaoeee.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 1999 ?.

Oi?iao iaia?o 60 o 84 1/16

Ia’?i 1 ae?oe. a?e. Caiiaeaiiy ?

Oe?aae 100 i?ei.

Ae?oea?nueea a?oia ?A?A “Iaaa?a/”, E?ei, i. sseoa, aoe. E??iaa, 31

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