OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IIE?OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
E?aoiaeueia Ieaenaiae? A?eoi?iae/
OAeE 621.924
NEIOAC NENOAI EA?OAAIIss I?EAIAeAIE IIAeA* IAOAEIIA?IAIEO
AA?NOAO?A
IA INIIA? ?IC?IAEE
AAOIIIIIEO AEAEO?IA?Ae?AAE?*IEO IIAeOE?A
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.02.03 – nenoaie i?eaiae?a
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iie?oaoi?/iiio
oi?aa?nenoao?
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Oa?e?a
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Aeieaeo ?aai Aeieo?iae/Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?
E?a?ae?a Aiaoie?e Oeoiiiae/,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao
n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa,
caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith “O?aeoi?e oa aaoiiia?e?”
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Na?oiaaoeue Ieaa ?aaiiae/,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao,
eaoaae?a “Oaoiieia?y iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy oa
iaoaei??caeuei? aa?noaoe”
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo iaoei ? nenoai
I?ii?iiiie?oeee oa IAI Oe?a?ie, i. Oa?e?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 24 /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i 14.00 aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaiii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.050.12 o Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio iie?oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith : 310002, i.
Oa?e?a, aoe. O?oica, 21.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “22” o?aaiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaiii? ?aaee Ocoiyi I.Ae.
16
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
AEOOAEUeI?NOUe OAIE. Oaoi?/iee ??aaiue, iaae?ei?noue oa aeiaaia?/i?noue
nenoai aaoiiaoe/iiai ea?oaaiiy a?ae?aae?/ieo i?eaiae?a iiaea/, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny a aa?noaoiaoae?aiiio onoaoeoaaii?, aaoiiaoe/ieo
e?i?yo oa caniaao ?o aaoiiaoecaoe??, a cia/i?e i??? aecia/a?oueny ??aiai
oa ye?noth canoiniaaii? a?ae?iaia?aoo?e, iniaeeai o???, yea aeeiio?
ooieoe?? ea?oaaiiy oaeaee?noth ia?ai?uaiiy aeeiiaa/eo a?ae?iaeaeaoi?a,
?aaoethaaiiy a?ae?aae?/ieo ia?aiao??a, ye? caaacia/othoue iaeaaeio
iine?aeiai?noue ?iai/iai oeeeeo, a oaeiae oa?aeoa?eco?oueny oi/i?noth
nenoai noaa?e?caoe?? ia?aiao??a, ui ?aaoeththoueny.
Aiae?c noaio aeine?aeaeaiue uiaei caaacia/aiiy iio??aieo oa?aeoa?enoee
eaiie oaoiieia?/ii? nenoaie a?ae?ii?eaiaea aeyaea, ui aeineoue
aoaeoeaiei oeyoii i?aeaeuaiiy oaoiieia?/iino? oa i?iaeoeoeaiino? ?
oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoai ea?oaaiiy a?ae?ii?eaiae?a iiaea/? iaoaeiia?iaieo
aa?noao?a. Ii?yae ?c oeei, iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeaiei iai?yieii
oaeineiiaeaiiy ea?oaaiiy ? ?ic?iaea aaoiiiiieo iiaeoeae. Oaeee i?aeo?ae
caaacia/o? oi?aa?naeuei?noue i?eaiaea iiaea/? ca iio??aieie ooieoe?yie.
Aeey iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a, ui caaacia/othoue aenie? oaoiieia?? ca
?aooiie iioeiaeueiiai ea?oaaiiy ?ino?oiaioii uiaei oaeaeeino? ?ooo ?
coneeeyi ??caiiy, ia?niaeoeaiei ? aaoiiiiiee aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iee
iiaeoeue e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy (AAIEI).
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?ao “A?ae?iiiaaiiaaoiiaoeea oa
a?ae?ii?ea?ae” ? “Oai??y iaoai?ci?a, iaoei ? ?iaio?a” Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo a iaaeao iaoeiai-aeine?aeii?
?iaioe “Oaeineiiaeaiiy a?ae?aae?/ieo ? iiaaiaoe/ieo neeiaeo nenoai oa
nenoai ea?oaaiiy i?iieneiaiai i?ecia/aiiy” ? “?ic?iaea
iaoai?ei-aeaeo?iiieo ?aaoeyoi??a /anoioe iaa?oaiiy”.
Oe?EUe ?IAIOE. Caaacia/aiiy iio??aiiai ea?oaaiiy a?ae?ii?eaiaeii
iiaea/? iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a ia iniia? ?ic?iaee aaoiiiiieo
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/ieo iiaeoeae c iie?ioaieie noaoe/ieie ? aeeiai?/ieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie aeey i?aeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? oa yeino? i?iaeoeoe??.
A iaaeao ?aae?caoe?? oe?e? ?iaioe iinoaaeai? ca iaoo oae? caaea/?:
1. ?ic?iaea ooieoe?iiaeueii? noaie ia?niaeoeaiiai AAIEI.
2. ?ic?iaea ?iaeaia?iiai iaoiaeo neioaco AAIEI ia iniia? eiai
iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae.
3. ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee no?oeoo?iiai neioaco AAIEI ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
iaeaoa i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN, ui aeicaieeoue ia noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy
i?iaanoe ?aoe?iiaeueiee aea?? ie?aieo eiino?oeoeaieo oa ?iai/eo
ia?aiao??a iiaeoey.
4. ?ic?iaea oa aeaioiaeaiiy iaeaoiiai c?acea AAIEI aeey aaoiiaoecaoe??
a?ae?ii?eaiaea eii?aeeiaoii-oe?ooaaeueiiai aa?noaoa iiaeae? 32E83NO10.
5. I?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue AAIEI oa eiai
aeaiaio?a.
IAOIAeE AeINE?AeAEAIUe. Iniiai? caaea/? ?iaioe aoee ae??oai?
oai?aoe/ieie oa aenia?eiaioaeueieie iaoiaeaie. Oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
aacothoueny ia aeei?enoaii? iniiaieo iieiaeaiue oai??? aaoiiaoe/iiai
ea?oaaiiy, iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy ? a?ae?iiaoai?ee.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy AAIEI oa eiai aeaiaio?a cae?eniai? ia
niaoe?aeueiiio noaiae? oa aa?noao?-noaiae?. ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?aeaeaaaee noaoenoe/i?e ia?iaoe? c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a.
Aeey aei??thaaiiy ??cieo o?ce/ieo aaee/ei aoee aeei?enoai? a?aeii?
iaoiaee oa i?eeaaee, a oaeiae i?ea?iaeueiee neeiaee iaaaioaaeoaaeueiee
i?eno??e, yeee aoa ca ?i?oaoi?a iiceoe?eiiai oa ?ia?oe?eiiai
iaaaioaaeaiue aeey aecia/aiiy coneeey o??caiiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a
oe?oo?iee aeine?aeiee c?acie.
IAOEIAA IIAECIA ?IAIOE:
1. Ia iniia? anaa?/iiai iaeyaeo i?eaiae?a iiaea/ iaoaeiia?iaieo
aa?noao?a oa oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo aeeiai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee
noi?ioeueiaai? caaaeuei? i?eioeeie ea?oaaiiy ia?aiao?aie ?ooo oa aeiiae
aei i?eno?i?a, ui oea ea?oaaiiy ?aae?cothoue.
2. ?ic?iaeaii i?eioeeie ea?oaaiiy i?eaiaeaie iiaea/, ?aae?ciaai? a
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiio iiaeoe? e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy c iie?ioaieie
noaoe/ieie ? aeeiai?/ieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.
3. ?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai iiaeoey
e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy oa io?eiai? ooi/iai? aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aeey
?ic?aooie?a eiao?oe??io?a aeo?ao, a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? aei?noeino? oa
eiao?oe??ioa i?iii?oe?iiaeueiino? aeo?eaiiy.
I?AEOE*IA CIA*AIIss ?IAIOE:
1. Cai?iiiiiaaii noaio ea?oaaiiy a?ae?ii?eaiaeii iiaea/? ca aeiiiiiaith
oiiioiaaiiai aaoiiiiiiai iiaeoey c aioo??oi?i a?ae?aae?/iei cai?ioiei
cayceii, aeei?enoaiiy yeiai aeicaieeei aaoiiaoecoaaoe i?ioean
oe?ooaaiiy, i?aeaeueoe no?ee?noue oe?ooaaeueieo e?oa?a a 1,4 – 1,6 ?ace,
oieeiooe a?aeo ii oi/iino? oa /enoio? ia?iaee i?e caaaeueiiio iie?ioaii?
? noaa?e?caoe?? yeino? oe?ooaaiiy, iieaaoeoe i?aoeth ?ia?oieea.
2. Ia iniia? iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy nenoaie ea?oaaiiy iiaea/?
iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a ?ic?iaeaii ?iaeaia?iee iaoiae neioaco AAIEI c
iie?ioaieie noaoe/ieie ? aeeiai?/ieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.
3. Eiino?oeoe?th aaoiiiiiiai AAIEI ?ic?iaeaii ia iniia? na??eieo
a?ae?iaa?aaao?a, ui aeicaiey? aac cia/ieo aeo?ao iiaea?i?coaaoe ?nioth/?
nenoaie ea?oaaiiy i?eaiaeaie oa nei?ioeoe oa?i?i ?o i?iaeooaaiiy.
4. ?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy ?ic?aooieo aaoiiiiiiai AAIEI oa
ie?aieo eiai aeaiaio?a c aeei?enoaiiyi iaeaoa i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN,
yea iiaea aooe aeei?enoaii i?e ?ic?iaoe? noiaeeo noai ea?oaaiiy iiaea/?
??cieo oei?a iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a.
Aeinoia??i?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a aaco?oueny ia a?oioiaieo
iieiaeaiiyo oai??? aaoiiaoe/iiai ea?oaaiiy, iaoaiaoe/iiai aiae?co ?
a?ae?iiaoai?ee, aaeaeaaoieo iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeyo, ?aaeueii
a?aeia?aaeath/eo i?ioeane, ui i?io?eathoue, a oaeiae aenia?eiaioaeuei?e
ia?aa??oe? i?aeoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a, io?eiaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi
cai?iiiiiaaieo iaoiae?a oa cania?a.
INIAENOEE AIANIE AAOI?A. ?ic?iaeaii ooieoe?iiaeueio noaio nenoaie
aaoiiaoe/iiai ea?oaaiiy AAIEI, ui caaacia/o? aacoaea?ia o??caiiy
oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a caaioiaeo oeyoii ?aae?caoe?? aioo??oiueiai
a?ae?aae?/iiai cai?ioiueiai cayceo.
Cai?iiiiiaaii ?iaeaia?iee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo nenoaie aaoiiaoe/iiai
ea?oaaiiy c AAIEI ia iniia? ?? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?, ui aeicaiey? ia
noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy aea?aoe eiino?oeoeai? ia?aiao?e aia?ao?a ?
aecia/eoe aeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aeey ?ic?aooie?a eiao?oe??ioa aeo?ao,
a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? aei?noeino? ?aaoeueiaaieo aia?ao?a iiaeoey; aecia/aii
aeo?eaiiy a aeeiiaa/iio a?ae?ioeee?iae??; iaaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii
ca?eueoaiith noaoe/ii? /ooeeaino? iiaeoey.
Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?/ieo i?ioean?a AAIEI ia
iniia? aeei?enoaiiy iaeaoa i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN, yea aeicaiey? ia
noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy i?iaanoe ?aoe?iiaeueiee aea?? ie?aieo
eiino?oeoeaieo oa ?iai/eo ia?aiao??a iiaeoey.
?ic?iaeaii oa aeaioiaeaii iaeaoiee c?acie AAIEI, i?iaaaeai? eiai
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? noaa?aeaeothoue aoaeoeai?noue
aeei?enoaiiy oiiioiaaieo iiaeoe?a aeey aaoiiaoecaoe?? ?iai/eo i?ioean?a
a iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noaoao.
?AAE?CAOe?ss ?ACOEUeOAO?A ?IAIOE. Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe ai?iaaaeaeaii a
o/aiaee i?ioean cacia/aieo eaoaae?, i?eeiyo? aei ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o
aa?noaoia onoaoeoaaiiy CAO “?ine/” (i. Ee?a), ui noaa?aeaeaii
a?aeiia?aeieie aeieoiaioaie, a oaeiae aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe?
aeeiiaa/eo i?eno?i?a aeey i?e?ii?ioeani?ieo ?aaoeyoi??a /anoioe
iaa?oaiiy aeecae?a aaeeei? iiooaeiino?.
IOAE?EAOe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 10 ?ia?o.
AI?IAAOe?ss ?IAIOE. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiaaaeai? oa noaaeai? ia i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeeo ?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo a 1992- 1998 ?.?. oa ia 4-e I?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “MicroCAD-96” Oe?a?ia – Oai?ueia”.
NO?OEOO?A OA IANssA ?IAIOE. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c
anooio, iyoe ?icae?e?a oa aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e (169
iaeiaioaaiue) oa 5 aeiaeaoe?a. Caaaeueiee ianya ?iaioe neeaaea? 154
noi??iee (aac aeiaeaoe?a), i?noeoue 42 ?enoiea oa 2 oaaeeoe?.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie, i?aeoe/ia aeioe?euei?noue
aeine?aeaeaiue, noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy, ye?
aeiinyoueny aei caoenoo.
Ia?oee ?icae?e i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi aiae?co aeine?aeaeaiue nenoai
ea?oaaiiy a?ae?ii?eaiae?a iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a, ye? caaacia/othoue
aacnooiaiaaee ia?ao?ae a?ae ?aaeeio oaeaeeiai i?aeaiaeo aei ?aaeeio
??caiiy ? canoinoaaiiy oaeeo nenoai. Iieacaia aeioe?euei?noue
oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoai ea?oaaiiy a?ae?ii?eaiae?a c aeei?enoaiiyi a ieo
oiiioiaaieo aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/ieo iiaeoe?a. ?icaeyioo? iniiai?
noaiii-eiino?oeoeai? aa??aioe i?eaiae?a e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny a oaoiieia?/iiio iaeaaeiaii?.
Cae?eniaii aiae?c eeane/ii? noaie ?aaoethaaiiy coneeey o??caiiy
oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a caaioiaeo c aeei?enoaiiyi oaiciaeao/ee?a, noai,
cai?iiiiiaaieo E?uaiei A.A., Oaaei?oeai A.I., AEee?inueeei I.A., a
oaeiae iiaeaeae o??ie “Duplomatin” (?oae?y) oa ?ioeo. Iieacaii, ui on?
cai?iiiiiaai? noaie i?eaiae?a ia iathoue iio??aieo noaoe/ieo ?
aeeiai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee aeey caaacia/aiiy aeniei? yeino? i?iaeoeoe??,
ia aeineoue oaeaeeiae?th/? aeey ii?aeiaiiy ?iaioe c i?e?ii?ioeani?iei
ea?oaaiiyi, aia?aii?noe?, iathoue ii??aiyii aaeee? aaaa?eoe, ia
aeicaieythoue iiaea?i?coaaoe i?ioean ea?oaaiiy ia?ai?uaiiyi ??caeueiiai
?ino?oiaioo aac cia/ii? ia?a?iaee e?iaiaoe/ieo noai aa?noao?a oa ia
?aae?cothoue aacoaea?ia o??caiiy ?ino?oiaioo a caaioiaeo.
Aeey aaoiiaoecaoe?? i?ioeano oe?ooaaiiy cai?iiiiiaaii ia?niaeoeaiee
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iee iiaeoeue e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy, yeee neeaaea?oueny
c aeeiiaa/iai iaoai?cio, a?ae?aae?/ii? nenoaie ea?oaaiiy, aeaeo?iiii?
nenoaie ea?oaaiiy, aeao/eea cai?ioiueiai cayceo. Aeaeo?iiia nenoaia
ea?o? aia?aoo?ith a?ae?aae?/ii? nenoaie o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iio??aiith
oeeeeia?aiith ?iaioe. A?ae?aae?/ia nenoaia ea?o? aeeiiaa/ei iaoai?ciii,
eio?ee cae?enith? ia?ai?uaiiy ?iai/iai ?ino?oiaioa. Aeao/ee cai?ioiueiai
cayceo eiio?ieth? ia?ai?uaiiy ii?oiy. Oey noaia a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae
aaea a?aeiieo oei, ui a?ae?aae?/ia nenoaia ea?oaaiiy i?noeoue a nia?
aioo??oi?e a?ae?aae?/iee cai?ioiee caycie. Oaeee iiaeoeue, ?aae?ciaaiee
a?aeiia?aeii noai?, cia?aaeaiee ia ?en. 1.
AAIEI neeaaea?oueny ?c a?ae?i?iciiae?eueieea 1 c i?iii?oe?eiei
aeaeo?iea?oaaiiyi oeio ?I 6.44, ?aaeoeoe?eiiai eeaiaia 2 (ii?iaeueiiai
a?aee?eoiai) oeio 10-10-2, a?ae?ieeaiaia oeneo 3 (ii?iaeueii
cae?eoiai) oeio IAA54-32I, aeaio cai?ioieo eeaiai?a 4(1) ? 4(2) oeio IA
51-22, a?ae?ioeee?iae?a 5, aeao/eea cai?ioiueiai cayceo ii iieiaeaiith 6
oeio NN-405, i?eno?ith ea?oaaiiy 7, aeeiiaiiai ia aac? i?e?inoaie
E153OAe5, aeieo ea?oaaiiy 8 oeio AO 2110 ? iaoai?cia o?enaoe?? 9.
?aaeoeoe?eiee eeaiai 2 onoaiiaeth?oueny a iai??i?e iaa?no?ae?, a
a?ae?ieeaiai oeneo 3 — a ceeai?e. Oene ?c ceeaii? iaa?no?ae?
a?ae?ioeee?iae?a ? ea?oth/ei aeey ?aaeoeoe?eiiai eeaiaia (?aae?ciaaiee
aioo??oi?e a?ae?aae?/iee cai?ioiee caycie). Aeey caaacia/aiiy iiaa?iaiiy
a?ae?ioeee?iae?a a aeo?aeia iieiaeaiiy a iai??i?e oa ceeai?e iaa?no?aeyo
ia?aaeaa/ai? a?aeaaeoaeaeaiiy, a yeeo onoaiiaeai? cai?ioi? eeaiaie 4(1)
? 4(2). ?iaioo a?ae?ioeee?iae?a 5 caaacia/o? a?ae?inoaioe?y aa?noaoa
oeio NA-I1A-40, aei neeaaeo yei? iaeaaeeoue ianinia onoaiiaea,
eiio?ieueii-?aaoethth/a ? ea?oth/a aia?aoo?a. A aeena?oaoe?? oaeiae
iaaaaeaia ooieoe?iiaeueia noaia i?eno?ith ea?oaaiiy AAIEI.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/aii iaoaiaoe/iiio iiaeaethaaiith nenoaie
a?ae?ii?eaiaea eii?aeeiaoii-oe?ooaaeueiiai aa?noaoa iiaeae? 32E83NO10,
iaeaaeiaiiai AAIEI c nenoaiith ea?oaaiiy. A iniiao iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?
iieeaaeai? ??aiyiiy ?ooo ie?aieo eaiie oaoiieia?/ii? nenoaie oa ??aiyiiy
aaeaino aeo?ao.
?enoiie 1 – A?ae?aae?/ia noaia AAIEI
?aaeei i?aeaiaeo a?ae?ioeee?iae?a iiaeoey iienaiee oaeeie ??aiyiiyie:
wmetafile8? ??Q???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
????&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy@??E?????&??MathType??°?
???u?????????”????-?????????p???uYya?????(1)wmetafile8
? ??0??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????A????&??yyyy?????Ayyy©yyyA??i?????&?
?MathType??°? ???u?????????"????-?????Z???
®???u th??????(2)wmetafile8? ??0???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????A
???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyya????????&??MathType??A?
???u?????????"????-?????oH???oc???u th??????(3) Aeo?aoe
aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai (Q1) oa ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai (Q2) eeaiai?a
i?e ??cieo ?aaeeiao oa/?? ??aeeie aecia/athoueny ca oi?ioeaie:
a) aeey oo?aoeaioiiai ?aaeeio oa/??:
wmetafile8? ??S???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy????????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????,[???,h???u1/4y°?????(4)wmetafil
e8? ??S??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy@???????&?
?MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????,‹???,????u1/4y°?????(5)a) aeey
eai?ia?iiai ?aaeeio oa/??:
wmetafile8? ??[???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
????&??yyyy?????AyyyFyyyA??C?????&?
?MathType??a????u1/4y°?????(6)wmetafile8? ??[???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@???&??yyyy?????AyyyFyyy???C?????&?
?MathType??a????u1/4y°?????(7)
??aiyiiy aaeaino aeo?ao ia? aeaeyae:
wmetafile8? ??f???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy ??e?????&?
?MathType??p????u th??????(8)wmetafile8? ??i???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy!yyy@???????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????5I???5¦???5a???5i???uy
yE?????(9)wmetafile8? ??(10)wmetafile8? ??Y???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????a
???&??yyyy?????Ay?ya“???&??MathType???????u‡yY?????(11)
aea I — caaaeaia iana ii?oiy c? ooieii a?ae?ioeee?iae?a oa caycaieo c
ieie ?ooiieo /anoei; mc1 — iana cieioieea ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai
eeaiaia; mc2 — iana cieioieea ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia; x —
ia?ai?uaiiy cieioieea ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai eeaiaia; y — ia?ai?uaiiy
ii?oiy a?ae?ioeee?iae?a; z — ia?ai?uaiiy cieioieea ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai
eeaiaia; dc1 — ae?aiao? cieioieea ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai eeaiaia; dc2 —
ae?aiao? cieioieea ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia; Fi — aoaeoeaia ieiua
ii?oiy a?ae?ioeee?iae?a; Po?aoe — neea oa?oy a?ae?ioeee?iae?a; PA —
?aae?aeueia neeaaeiaa coneeey o??caiiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a oe?oo?io
caaioiaeo; Po?1 oa Po?2 — neee oa?oy aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa
ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a; P?1 oa P?2 — neee, coiiaeai? ae??th
ia?aiaaeo oeneo ia oi?oeyo cieioiee?a eeaiai?a; Pi?1 oa Pi?2 — neee,
coiiaeai? ae??th i?oaeei ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai
eeaiai?a; 1 oa 2 — eiao?oe??ioe aeo?ao aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa
ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a; fu1 oa fu2 — ieiue ae?inaethth/eo u?eei
ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a; dn?1 oa dn?2 —
na?aaei? ae?aiao?e i?io?aeieo u?eei aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa
ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a; — a’yce?noue ?iai/i? ??aeeie; t —
eiao?oe??io e?iaiaoe/ii? a’yceino? ?iai/i? ??aeeie; S1 oa S2 — aaee/eie
a?aee?eooy i?io?aeieo u?eei cieioiee?a aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa
ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a; L1 oa L2 — aeiaaeeie i?io?aeieo u?eei
cieioiee?a aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a;
Lk — aeiaaeeia i?io?aeii? u?eeie a ae?inaethth/iio eaiae? ii?iaeueii
cae?eoiai eeaiaia; Eae — eieaeueiee ia?iiee iiaeoeue i?oaeiino? ?iai/i?
??aeeie; dae? — ae?aiao? ae?inaey a ii?iaeueii cae?eoiio eeaiai?; Koo —
eiao?oe??io i?iii?oe?iiaeueiino? aeo?eaiiy; Q1 oa Q2 — aeo?aoe ?iai/i?
??aeeie /a?ac ae?inaethth/? u?eeie ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai oa ii?iaeueii
cae?eoiai eeaiai?a; Qnae — aeo?aoa, ui a?aoiao? noeneea?noue ?iai/i?
??aeeie; Qoo — aeo?aoa aeo?eaiiy ?iai/i? ??aeeie; Qae? — aeo?aoa /a?ac
ae?inaeue a ii?iaeueii cae?eoiio eeaiai?; p1 — oene ia aoiae? a
ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoee eeaiai; p2 — oene ia aeoiae? ?c ii?iaeueii
cae?eoiai eeaiaia; wmetafile8? ??A????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy®yyy???I?????&?
?MathType??P????u th?????? Iae?i?eia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue AAIEI
neeaaeaia aeey ?aaeeio i?aeaiaeo oa o?enaoe?? ii?oiy a?ae?ioeee?iae?a.
Ooi/iaiiy iaea?aeaii? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?, cia/aiue eiao?oe??io?a oa
eiino?oeoeaieo aaee/ei aeeiiaii caaaeyee ocaaaeueiaiith ?ioi?iaoe??,
io?eiaii? i?e oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo.
Iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaethaaiiy aeeiiaii i?e oiia?, ui aeaea?aei
a?ae?aae?/iiai aeeaeaiiy ia? noaa?euei? oa?aeoa?enoeee ii oeneo oa
oaiia?aoo??.
Aeey iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiue AAIEI i?iaaaeaia e?iaa?ecaoe?y
iae?i?eii? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?, ui aeicaieeei iaea?aeaoe ia?aaeaoi/io
ooieoe?th, aea ao?aeiei ia?aiao?ii ? ci?ia coneeey o??caiiy c
o?aooaaiiyi oaoiieia?/ii? aei?noeino? an??? nenoaie, a aeo?aeiei —
ia?ai?uaiiy ii?oiy a?ae?ioeee?iae?a. A oeueiio aeiaaeeo ia?aaeaoi/ia
ooieoe?y ia? aeaeyae:
wmetafile8? ??a???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
???&??yyyy?????Ayyycyyya??B?????&?
?MathType??????uyyE?????(12)aea N1 N13 oa X1 X14 — eiao?oe??ioe
ia?aaeaoi/ii? ooieoe??, ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae ?iai/eo oa eiino?oeoeaieo
ia?aiao??a.
Ioe?ieo noaoe/ii? /ooeeaino? i?iaaee c aeei?enoaiiyi noaoe/ii? iiaeae?
oa io?eiaieo noaoe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee iiaeoey. A ?iaio? iaaaaeaiee a?ao
noaoe/ii? /ooeeaino? AAIIE, yeee aeicaiey? i?iaiae?coaaoe aieea ie?aieo
eiino?oeoeaieo oa ?iai/eo ia?aiao??a ia noaoe/io oi/i?noue iiaeoey.
A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy, iia’ycai? c
aeine?aeaeaiiyi aeeiai?/ieo ? noaoe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee AAIEI, ui
ia/eneai? ia AII ca aeiiiiiaith i?ia?aie aeey ?ic?aooieo ia?ao?aeieo
i?ioean?a, yea aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey aeine?aeaeaiue e?i?eieo nenoai
aaoiiaoe/iiai ea?oaaiiy. Ca iieacieeaie ia?ao?aeiiai i?ioeano
ioe?iththoue ye?noue noaa?e?caoe?? coneeey o??caiiy iiaeoey (?en.2).
?enoiie 2 - ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
AAIEI
E?eaa 1 io?eiaia i?e aei?noeino? oaoiieia?/ii? nenoaie Cn = 5108 I/i.
?? a?aeoeeaiiy ia 15% aea? ye?ni? ci?ie (e?ea? 2 oa 3). E?eaa 4 io?eiaia
i?e aei?noeino? Cn = 5107 I/i. Oea ?aaeueia aei?noe?noue oaoiieia?/ii?
nenoaie.
A on?o aeiaaeeao ci?ie aei?noeino? ia?ao?aeiee i?ioean ? eieeaaeueiei,
ui noiaeeoueny. Oea caaacia/o? aacoaea?ia o??caiiy. Ca?eueoaiiy
aei?noeino? aaaea aei c?inoaiiy /ano ?aaoethaaiiy oa nooiaith eieeaaiiy.
E?eaa 4 ?ethno?o? ?iaioo i?eaiaea aac aioo??oiueiai a?ae?aae?/iiai
cai?ioiueiai ca’yceo. Ii??aithth/e e?ea? 4 ? 3 (i?eaiae c aioo??oi?i
cai?ioiei cayceii), aeioiaeeii aei aeniiaeo, ui aeei?enoaiiy oaeiai
cayceo aeicaieeei ciaioeoe coneeey o??caiiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a
caaioiaeo.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao eiino?oeoeaieo oa ?iai/eo ia?aiao??a ia noaoe/io
oi/i?noue AAIEI i?iaiaeeee ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co ae?ac?a aeey noaoe/ii?
/ooeeaino? iiaeoey a?aeiinii eieeaaiue oeneo ia aoiae? oa aeoiae? ?c
?iciiae?eue/iai i?eno?ith. Oeae aiae?c aeia?a, ui iaea?eueoa cia/aiiy
aeey c?inoaiiy oi/iino? ia? i?aeo?eiea iino?eiiai oeneo ?iai/i? ??aeeie
ia aeoiae? ?c a?ae?i?iciiae?eueieea, a oaeiae aei?noe?noue i?oaeeie
ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy???e?????&?
?MathType??p????u th??????A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaii neioac
AAIEI c aeei?enoaiiyi iaeaoa i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN. C?iaeaii aea??
i?oaeei eeaiai?a, a?ae?aae?/ieo ia?aiao??a, aecia/ai? eiino?oeoeai?
oa ?iai/? ia?aiao?e aeeiiaa/iai iaoai?cio, aeine?aeaeaii aieea
eiao?oe??ioa oa?oy, ?icaeyioo? ieoaiiy aeeiai?/iiai neioaco (io?eiaii
iio??aiee caeii ci?ie oeneo a ii?iaeieiao a?ae?ioeee?iae?a).
Aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoao?a i?iaeooaaiiy aeicaieeei ia o?eueee aea?aoe
ie?ai? eiino?oeoeai? oa ?iai/? ia?aiao?e aeaiaio?a, a oaeiae cae?enieoe
?o aca?iiiiaiaeaeaiiy. sse i?eeeaae iaaaaeai? a?ao?ee oa?aeoa?enoee
iiaeoey a ?aaeei? o??caiiy (?en. 3).
E?eaa 1 ia ?en. 3, a — ia?ai?uaiiy cieioieea ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai
eeaiaia, e?eaa 2 — ia?ai?uaiiy cieioieea ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia.
sse aa/eii, a ?aaeei? o??caiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny ??cea a?aee?eooy, a iio?i
cae?eooy ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia, ui a?aeiia?aea? iiiaioo i?aeoiaeo
oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa aei caaioiaee. Aeae? iaeaeaa eeaiaie cae?eaathoueny
? aei iiiaioo cae?i/aiiy oe?ooaaiiy ia?ae?eo?.
Ci?ie oeneo a ii?iaeieiao a?ae?ioeee?iae?a iathoue eieeaaeueiee
oa?aeoa? (?en. 3, a). Ia?aiaae oeneo iai?ee?ioe? ia?aoiaeiiai i?ioeano
ciaioo?oueny, ui caaacia/o? aacoaea?ia o??caiiy. ?c ?ic?aooie?a aeaeii,
ui aacoaea?ia o??caiiy ?ic?iaeaiiai AAIEI caeaaeeoue a?ae ??ai?a
iano?ithaaiiy oeneo ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai ? ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai
eeaiai?a. Ia i?aenoaa? aeine?aeaeaiue iiaeoey ca aeiiiiiaith iaeaoa
i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN ?ic?iaeaia eiino?oeoe?y AAIEI.
A iyoiio ?icae?e? aeiaaaeaii, ui i?ae /an aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue AAIEI i?aeo?eioaaiiy iino?eiiai oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio
?iai/i? ??aeeie a iaaeao 50 - 55 N aeicaiey? ciaoooaaoe ci?iaie ??
ayceino? oa ci?iaie iiaeoey ia?iii? i?oaeiino? ?iai/i? ??aeeie; iienaia
aenia?eiaioaeueia onoaiiaea oa iiaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue eiao?oe??io?a aeo?ao oa a?ae?iaeeiai?/ieo aei?noeinoae a
?iai/iio ae?aiacii? ia?ai?uaiue cieioiee?a eeaiai?a, i?iaaaeai?
?ic?aooiee iioeaee aei??thaaiue, aecia/aii aeo?eaiiy ?iai/i? ??aeeie a
a?ae?ioeee?iae?? iiaea/, aea?ai? aei??thaaeuei? i?eeaaee oa aia?aoo?a.
?enoiie 3 - Ia?ao?aei? i?ioeane ?iai/iai ?aaeeio AAIEI,
io?eiai? ca aeiiiiaith iaeaoa i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy AAIEI cae?eniaii ia aa?noao?-noaiae?
iiaeae? 32E83NO10. I?ney aeiaaaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e ?iai/i? ??aeeie aei 50
N anoaiiaethaaee oene aeeaeaiiy eeaiai?a a iaaeao a?ae 0 aei 2,5 IIa.
Oene ceeao a on?o na??yo aenia?eiaioo aoa iino?eiei ? aei??aithaaa 0,05
IIa.
Aeaeo?e/ia aei??thaaeueia nenoaia aa?noaoa-noaiaea caaacia/oaaea caien
aeine?aeaeoaaieo aaee/ei ia na?oi/ooeeaiio iaia??. Ca ?iai/o ??aeeio
aoei aeei?enoaii i?ia?aeueia ianoeei AIEE II-403 (AINO 16728-78).
Aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aeey eiao?oe??io?a aeo?ao aoee ai?ieneiiaai?
iaoiaeii iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a. Iioeaea ai?ieneiaoe?? ia ia?aaeuo? 3 %.
Eiao?oe??ioe aeo?ao aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai (1) oa ii?iaeueii
cae?eoiai (2) eeaiai?a aecia/athoueny:
wmetafile8? ??A???????????
???????????yyy????.????1??????????????
???&??yyyy?????Ayy`-???&?
?MathType??a????u?thU?????(13)wmetafile8? ??u???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A???&??yyyy?????Ay?y?O???&??MathType??@???uoyU?????(14)
Aeei?enoaaoe iaoiae iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a, io?eiaee oi?ioee aeey
?ic?aooieo a?ae?iaeeiai?/ieo aei?noeinoae. Ca ?ic?aooieaie caeiaoee:
a) aeey ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai eeaiaia:
wmetafile8? ??!???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy®yyy@???????&?
?MathType??p????uthO?????a) aeey ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia:
wmetafile8? ??!???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy???G?????&?
?MathType??p????uthO????? Iioeaea ai?ieneiaoe?? ia ia?aaeuo? 4,5 %.
C iaoith ia?aa??ee aaeaeaaoiino? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? AAIEI ia
aa?noao?-noaiae? aeine?aeaeai? ia?ao?aei? i?ioeane. Aa?noao-noaiae
aeiaeaoeiai inia-uaiee neeiaei i?eno?i?i aeey iaaaioaaeaiiy, yeee
aeei?enoiao?oueny ye aeaea?aei no?eaeiiiae?aieo cao?thaaeueieo aieea?a
ci?iii? aei?noeino?. Ia ?en. 2 aeey ii??aiyiiy iaaeai? a?ao?ee
ia?ao?aeieo i?ioean?a, aea e?eaa 4 io?eiaia ca oai?aoe/iei ?ic?aooieii,
a e?ea? 5 oa 6 — aenia?eiaioaeueii.
I?e aeine?aeaeaii? aieeao aaee/ei oeneo a ii?iaeieiao a?ae?ioeee?iae?a
ia coneeey o??caiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a caaioiaeo i?iaaaeai?
aenia?eiaioe, a yeeo ia?aiaae oeneo caaeaiee /a?ac ??ci? aei?noeino?
i?oaeei ii?iaeueii a?aee?eoiai ? ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiai?a oa
aecia/aeanue aaee/eia o??caiiy. Ca?eueoaiiy ia?aiaaeo oeneo aaaea aei
c?inoaiiy aaee/eie o??caiiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a caaioiaeo.
C iaoith aecia/aiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeaiiai iiaeoey i?e
aaoiiaoecaoe?? aa?noaoa iiaeae? 32E83NO10 i?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioe, ui
aeicaieeee aeyaeoe ye?noue ia?iaee caaioiaee ?c noae? 45 (aioo??oi?e
ae?aiao? aei??aith? 20 ii) c aeei?enoaiiyi AAIEI oa aac iueiai.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iaaaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 1.
Oaaeeoey 1 - Oaoiieia?/i? ia?aiao?e oe?ooaaiiy
Ia?aiao?eAa?noao iiaeae? 32E83NO10Aa?noao iiaeae? 32E83NO10
c aeei?enoaiiyi AAIEIOi?noe?noue iiaa?oi? ca Ra, iei0,125 - 0,1600,106 -
0,120A?aeoeeaiiy a?ae e?oaeino?, ii0,00300,0026Oi/i?noue ?ici???a,
ii0,00600,0053Ooo/iee /an, n240216 Aeei?enoaiiy AAIEI aeey
aaoiiaoecaoe?? aa?noaoa iiaeae? 32E83NO10 aeicaieeei ciaioeoe
oi?noe?noue iiaa?oi?, i?aeaeueoe oi/i?noue ?ici???a oa nei?ioeoe ooo/iee
/an ia?iaee aeaoae?. Caaaeyee aacoaea?iiio o??caiith oe?ooaaeueiiai
e?oaa a caaioiaeo a 1,4 - 1,6 ?ace i?aeaeuaia eiai no?ee?noue.
INIIAI? ?ACOEUeOAOE OA AENIIAEE II ?IAIO?
1. ?ic?iaeaia eiiieaenia iaoiaeeea neioaco, ui aeicaiey? io?eiaoe
iio??ai? noaoe/i? ? aeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee AAIEI. Cai?iiiiiaaii
iaoiaeeeo ia?aiao?e/iiai neioaco AAIEI ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy iaeaoa
i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN, ca aeiiiiiaith yei? ia noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy
iiaeeeai i?iaanoe ?aoe?iiaeueiee aea?? ie?aieo eiino?oeoeaieo oa ?iai/eo
ia?aiao??a iiaeoey ? eiai aeaiaio?a, ui nei?i/o? oa?i?i i?iaeooaaiiy.
2. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo aeine?aeaeaiue /ooeeaino? AAIEI c iaoith
caaacia/aiiy eiai iaeneiaeueii? oi/iino? iiceoe?thaaiiy i?e iayaiino?
eieeaaiue oeneo ?iai/i? ??aeeie ia aoiae? oa aeoiae? iiaeoey. Aeyaeaii,
ui iaea?eueoee aieea ia noaoe/io oi/i?noue /eieoue aei?noe?noue i?oaeeie
ii?iaeueii cae?eoiai eeaiaia, yeo o?aaa ?aoe?iiaeueii aea?aoe,
aeei?enoiaoth/e aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino?, iaaaaeai? a ?iaio?.
3. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy AAIEI ia i?ea?iaeueiiio
aa?noao?-noaiae? aeicaieeee ooi/ieoe aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aeey
?ic?aooie?a eiao?oe??ioa aeo?ao, a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? aei?noeino?
?aaoeueiaaieo aia?ao?a iiaeoey, eiao?oe??ioa i?iii?oe?iiaeueiino?
aeo?eaiiy a a?ae?ioeee?iae?? oa noaa?aeeoe aaeaeaaoi?noue iaea?aeaii?
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?.
4. AAIEI caaacia/o? aacoaea?ia o??caiiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a
caaioiaeo, ui aeicaieeei:
- aaoiiaoecoaaoe i?ioean oe?ooaaiiy oa i?aeaeueoe oi?aa?naeuei?noue
aa?noaoa;
- i?aeaeueoe no?ee?noue oe?ooaaeueieo e?oa?a a 1,4 - 1,6 ?ace;
- oieeiooe a?aeo oe?ooaaiiy oa iie?ioeoe ia?aiao?e oi?noeino? iiaa?oi?
ia 15 % ? oi/iino? — ia 12%;
- ciaioeoe ooo/iee /an ia?iaee aeaoae? ia 10%.
5. Ia iniia? na??eieo a?ae?iaia?ao?a ?ic?iaeaii eiino?oeoe?th oa
aeaioiaeaii iaeaoiee c?acie AAIEI aeey a?ae?ii?eaiaea
eii?aeeiaoii-oe?ooaaeueiiai aa?noaoa. Aeey cae?eniaiiy aacoaea?iiai
o??caiiy cai?iiiiiaaia eiino?oeoe?y aeicaiey? aac cia/ieo aeo?ao
iiaea?i?coaaoe ?nioth/? nenoaie ea?oaaiiy i?eaiaeaie oa caaacia/eoe
?iaioo ye a ?o/iiio, oae ? a aaoiiaoe/iiio ?aaeei? aac ia?a?iaie
e?iaiaoe/ii? noaie.
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? iaaaaeaii a oaeeo ?iaioao:
1. Aiae?aiei I.I., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Eeeoiie A.A. E aii?ino ia
aaoiiaoecaoeee i?ioeanna oeeoiaaiey ii oi?oaie noaia / Oa?uee.
iieeoaoi. ei-o. - Oa?ueeia, 1993.- 9 n.- Aeaeeia?.: 4 iaca.- ?on.-Aeai.
a Oe?EIOYE 05.02.93, ? 120-Oe93.
2. Aiae?aiei I.I., Aieeaaa A.O., E?aoiaeaa A.A. Yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneee
iiaeoeue eeiaeiiai ia?aiauaiey oeeoiaaeueiiai noaiea / Oa?uee.
iieeoaoi. ei-o. - Oa?ueeia, 1994. - 11 n.: Aeaeeia?.: 6 iaca. - ?on.
- Aeai. a AIOA Oe?aeiu 21.06.94, ? 1243-Oe94.
3. Aiae?aiei I.I., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Eeeoiie A.A. E aii?ino i iiauoaiee
noaoe/aneie oi/iinoe yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai iiaeoey eeiaeiiai
ia?aiauaiey. - Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-o. - Oa?ueeia, 1995. - 21 n.:
ee. - Aeaeeia?.: 4 iaca.- ?on.- Aeai. a AIOA Oe?aeiu 12.10.95, ?
2283-Oe95.
4. Aiae?aiei I.I., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Eeeoiie A.A. Yenia?eiaioaeueiua
enneaaeiaaiey yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai iiaeoey eeiaeiiai ia?aiauaiey. -
Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-o. - Oa?ueeia, 1995. - 16 n.: ee. - Aeaeeia?.:
5 iaca. - ?on. - Aeai. a AIOA Oe?aeiu 12.10.95, ? 2282-Oe95.
5. E?aoiaeaa A.A. Auai? iai?aaeaiey aaoiiaoecaoeee i?ioeanna
oeeoiaaiey. - Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-o. - Oa?ueeia, 1995. - 11 n.:
ee. - Aeaeeia?.: 6 iaca. - ?on. - Aeai. a AIOA Oe?aeiu 12.10.95, ?
2284-Oe95.
6. Aiae?aiei I.I., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Eeeoiie A.A. Enneaaeiaaiea ia YAI
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai iiaeoey eeiaeiiai ia?aiauaiey. - A ei.:
Eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee: iaoea, oaoieea, oaoiieiaey, ia?aciaaiea,
caei?iauea: Iaoa?eaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee.
30-31 iay 1996 a. - Oa?ueeia, Ieoeieueoe, Iaaaeaao?a: OAIO, IO, IOO,
1996. - N. 141.
7. Aeieaeo E.Ae., Iiiia A.A., E?aoiaeaa A.A. Enneaaeiaaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe yeaeo?iiiiaeae?aaee/aneeo eniieieoaeueiuo ono?ienoa. - A
ei.: Eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee: iaoea, oaoieea, oaoiieiaey,
ia?aciaaiea, caei?iauea: Iaoa?eaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee. 30-31 iay 1996 a.- Oa?ueeia,
Ieoeieueoe, Iaaaeaao?a: OAIO, IO, IOO, 1996. - N. 154.
8. Aiae?aiei I.I., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Eeeoiie A.A. Ii?aaeaeaiea
noaoe/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee e eiyooeoeeaioa ?anoiaea ?aaeoeoeeiiiiai
eeaiaia e aeae?ieeaiaia aeaaeaiey / Aanoiee Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi.
oi-oa. Auione 8. - Oa?ueeia, OAIO, 1997. - N. 159-161.
9. Aeieaeo E.Ae., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Aiae?aiei I.I. Aiaeeoe/aneea
enneaaeiaaiey noaoe/aneie oi/iinoe yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai aa?aaaoa /
Aanoiee Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-oa. Auione 8. - Oa?ueeia, OAIO,
1997. - N. 162-165.
10. Aeieaeo E.Ae., E?aoiaeaa A.A., Eeeoiie A.A. Iaoaiaoe/aneay
iiaeaeue yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai aa?aaaoa eeiaeiiai ia?aiauaiey /
Aanoiee Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-oa. Aui. 7 (/anoue2). - Oa?ueeia,
OAIO, 1997. - N. 48-51.
AIIOAOe?ss
E?aoiaeueia Ieaenaiae? A?eoi?iae/. Neioac nenoai ea?oaaiiy i?eaiaeaie
iiaea/ iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a ia iniia? ?ic?iaee aaoiiiiieo
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/ieo iiaeoe?a.
Aeena?oaoe?y o aeaeyae? ?oeiieno ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.02.03 — nenoaie
i?eaiae?a. Oa?e. aea?ae. iie?oao. oi-o, Oa?e?a, 1998.
Ni?iaeoiaaii aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iee iiaeoeue e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy, ui
caaacia/o? aacoaea?ia o??caiiy oe?ooaaeueiiai e?oaa a caaioiaeo oeyoii
?aae?caoe?? aioo??oiueiai a?ae?aae?/iiai cai?ioiueiai ca’yceo.
?ic?iaeaii oa aeine?aeaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai
iiaeoey e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy, ia/eneaii eiai aeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee
oa aecia/aii noaoe/io oi/i?noue. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/ieo iiaeoe?a noiaeiai eeano ca aeiiiiiaith iaeaoa
i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai I?AIN. Iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue uiaei aecia/aiiy eiao?oe?aioa aeo?ao, inueiai?
a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? neee eeaiai?a oa aeo?eaiiy a a?ae?ioeee?iae??
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai iiaeoey e?i?eiiai ia?ai?uaiiy, a oaeiae aecia/aii
ia?ao?aeiee i?ioean a iueiio.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: a?ae?ii?eaiae, nenoaia ea?oaaiiy, aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iee
iiaeoeue, oa?aeoa?enoeea, ia?ao?iee i?ioean, ia?aaeaoi/ia ooieoe?y,
eiao?oe??io aeo?ao, a?ae?iaeeiai?/ia neea, iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue,
noaoe/ia /ooeea?noue, noaia cai?uaiiy.
ABSTRACT
Krakhmalyov Alexander Victorovich. Synthesis of control system of
metal-cutting machines’ axis drives on the basis of development of
independent electrohydraulic modules.
The thesis for a candidate’s degree on speciality 05.02.03 — systems of
drives. Kharkov State Politechnical University, Kharkov, 1998.
The electrohydraulic linear motion modulus has been developed, peoviding
the grinding wheel impactless cutting into the billet by the internal
hydraulic feed back operation. The mathematical model of the
electrohydraulic linear motion modulus is developed and researched, the
dynamic performances are calculated and the static sensitivity is
defined. The calculate technique for such class of electrohydraulic
modulus is developed with PRANS applied program package. The results of
experimental researches for definition coefficient, axial hydrodynamic
force of valves and leakage in feed hydraulic cylinder of
electrohydraulic linear motion modulus are presented and also the
transition process is defined.
Keywords: hydraulic fluid power, control system, electrohydraulic
modulus, performance, transition process, transmission function, flow
coefficient, hydrodynamic force, mathematical model, static sensitivity,
substitution scheme.
AIIIOAOeEss
E?aoiaeaa Aeaenaiae? Aeeoi?iae/. Neioac nenoai oi?aaeaiey i?eaiaeaie
iiaea/ iaoaeei?aaeoueo noaieia ia iniiaa ?ac?aaioee aaoiiiiiuo
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneeo iiaeoeae.
Aeenna?oaoeey a aeaea ?oeiiene ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
oaoie/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.02.03 — nenoaiu i?eaiaeia.
Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-o, Oa?ueeia, 1998.
Aiaeec ninoiyiey enneaaeiaaiee ii iaania/aieth o?aaoaiuo oa?aeoa?enoee
caaiueaa oaoiieiae/aneie nenoaiu iieacae, /oi naiue yooaeoeaiue iooue
iiauoaiey oaoiieiae/iinoe e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe - yoi niaa?oainoaiaaiea
nenoai oi?aaeaiey i?eaiaeia iiaea/e iaoaeei?aaeoueo noaieia. Iaeaieaa
ia?niaeoeaiui niiniaii oi?aaeaiey yaeyaony ?ac?aaioea aaoiiiiiuo eaaei
ano?aeaaaiuo iiaeoeae. Aeey iaoaeei?aaeoueo noaieia, iaania/eaathueo
aunieea oaoiieiaee ca n/ao iioeiaeueiiai oi?aaeaiey eino?oiaioii ii
nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey e neeai ?acaiey ia?niaeoeaiui yaeyaony
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneee iiaeoeue eeiaeiiai ia?aiauaiey (YAIEI) eae
ioaeaeueiue ooieoeeiiaeueiue ocae.
Yooaeoeaiinoue auiieiaiey i?iaeoiuo ?ac?aaioie nenoaiu aaoiiaoe/aneiai
oi?aaeaiey ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyaony i?aaeeueiinoueth iainiiaaiey ?aai/eo
oa?aeoa?enoee ia naiuo ?aiieo yoaiao i?iaeoe?iaaiey. Iniaia aieiaiea
oaeaeyaony aii?inai ?aoeeiiaeueiiai auai?a ia?aiao?ia YAIEI, eioi?ue
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ?aoaao caaea/o aacoaea?iiai a?acaiey ?aaeouaai
eino?oiaioa a caaioiaeo. Ana yoi iaaiciiaeii aac niaoeeaeueii
?ac?aaioaiiuo i?eeeaaeiuo iaoiaeee ?an/aoa eae yeaiaioia, oae e naiiai
iiaeoey.
Oeaeue ?aaiou - iaania/aiea o?aaoaiiai oi?aaeaiey aeae?ii?eaiaeii
iiaea/e iaoaeei?aaeoueo noaieia ia iniiaa ?ac?aaioee aaoiiiiiuo
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneeo iiaeoeae n oeo/oaiiuie noaoe/aneeie e
aeeiaie/aneeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie aeey iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe e
ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee. Iniiaiua caaea/e ?aaiou ?aoaiu oai?aoe/aneeie e
yenia?eiaioaeueiuie iaoiaeaie. Oai?aoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey aace?othony
ia eniieueciaaiee iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee oai?ee aaoiiaoe/aneiai oi?aaeaiey,
iaoaiaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey e aeae?iiaoaieee.
A ?aaioa ?anniio?aiu iniiaiua noaiii-eiino?oeoeaiua aa?eaiou i?eaiaeia
eeiaeiiai ia?aiauaiey, eniieuecoaiua a i?eaiaeao iiaea/ oaoiieiae/aneiai
iai?oaeiaaiey. ?ac?aaioaia e enneaaeiaaia iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue YAIEI,
a oaeaea aai noaoe/aneay iiaeaeue, iicaieythuay i?iaanoe aiaeec aeeyiey
ioaeaeueiuo eiino?oeoeaiuo ia?aiao?ia ia noaoe/aneoth oi/iinoue. I?e
iaoaiaoe/aneii iienaiee eniieueciaaeenue yenia?eiaioaeueiua aeaiiua,
iieo/aiiua i?e enneaaeiaaiee aiia?aoia e oceia, aoiaeyueo a iiaeoeue.
Yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey YAIEI iicaieeee ooi/ieoue aiaeeoe/aneea
caaeneiinoe aeey ?an/aoa eiyooeoeeaioa ?anoiaea, aeae?iaeeiaie/aneie
aeanoeinoe ?aaoee?othueo aiia?aoia iiaeoey, eiyooeoeeaioa
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoe ooa/ae a aeae?ioeeeeiae?a e iiaeoaa?aeeoue
aaeaeaaoiinoue iieo/aiiie iaoaiaoe/aneie iiaeaee, a oaeaea aeaoue
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii iiauoaieth noaoe/aneie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe iiaeoey.
Ia aaca na?eeiuo aeae?iaiia?aoia ?ac?aaioaia eiino?oeoeey e ecaioiaeai
iaeaoiue ia?acaoe YAIEI aeey aeae?ii?eaiaea eii?aeeiaoii-oeeoiaaeueiiai
noaiea; i?iaaaeaiu aai yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey,
iiaeoaa?aeaeathuea yooaeoeaiinoue i?eiaiaiey ano?iaiiuo iiaeoeae aeey
aaoiiaoecaoeee ?aai/eo i?ioeannia a iaoaeei?aaeoueo noaieao. Aeey
iaania/aiey aacoaea?iiai a?acaiey ?aaeecoaiay eiino?oeoeey iicaieyao aac
iniauo cao?ao iiaea?iece?iaaoue nouanoaothuea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey
i?eaiaeaie e iaania/eoue ?aaioo eae a ?o/iii, oae e a aaoiiaoe/aneii
?aaeeia aac ia?aaeaeie eeiaiaoe/aneie noaiu.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aeae?ii?eaiae, nenoaia oi?aaeaiey,
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneee iiaeoeue, oa?aeoa?enoeea, ia?aoiaeiie i?ioeann,
ia?aaeaoi/iay ooieoeey, eiyooeoeeaio ?anoiaea, aeae?iaeeiaie/aneay neea,
iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue, noaoe/aneay /oanoaeoaeueiinoue, noaia
caiauaiey.
I?aei. aei ae?oeo 21.05. 99. Oi?iao 6084 1/16. Iai?? ionaoiee.
Ae?oe ionaoiee. Oiiai. ae?oe. a?e. 1.
Caaaeueiee oe?aae 100 i?ei. Cai. ?
Ae?oea?iy OAeAOIO. 310051, i. Oa?e?a-51, aoe. Eei/e?anueea, 333.
E?aoiaeueia Ieaenaiae? A?eoi?iae/. “Neioac nenoai ea?oaaiiy i?eaiaeaie
iiaea/ iaoaeiia?iaieo aa?noao?a ia iniia? ?ic?iaee aaoiiiiieo
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/ieo iiaeoe?a” / Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy
iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe: Oa?e?a, 1999.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter