.

Система підготовки вчителів початкової школи України (1991-1997 рр.): Автореф. дис… канд. іст. наук / Ю.І. Соловйов, Донец. держ. ун-т. — Донецьк, 1

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AeIIAOeUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO

Nieiaeia TH??e ?aaiiae/

OAeE – 930.8/371.126(477)

NENOAIA I?AeAIOIAEE A*EOAE?A II*AOEIAI? OEIEE

OE?A?IE (1991-1997 ??.)

07.00.01. – ?noi??y Oe?a?ie

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa ?noi?e/ieo iaoe

Aeiiaoeuee – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Aeiiaoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?

I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aeia?ia Iao?i Aaneeueiae/,

i?ioani? eaoaae?e ?noi???
Oe?a?ie

Aeiiaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aeaieeaiei A?eoi? Ieoaeeiae/ ,

caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo ?noi???
eoeueoo?e

?inoeoooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI
Oe?a?ie

– aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?

O?eaoa Iao?i Ieeeoiae/

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo

aeenoeeie?i Ieeiea?anueei? o?e??
Iaoe?iiaeueiiai

oi?aa?neoaoo “Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueea
aeaaeai?y”

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Caii??cueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,

eaoaae?a iia?oiuei? ?noi???
Oe?a?ie

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 2 “ ea?oiy 1999 ?. i aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E.11.051.02 aeey caoenoo
aeena?oaoe?e a Aeiiaoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? (340055, i.
Aeiiaoeuee – 55, aoe.Oi?aa?neoaonueea, 24, Aie. ei?i., aoae.309).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Aeiiaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo (340055, i.Aeiiaoeuee, 55,
aoe.Oi?aa?neoaonueea, 24).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 1 “ aa?aciy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
I.A.E?ai?a?i

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. 90-o? ?iee iioi/iiai noie?ooy
iicia/ai? aeieaiinieie c?ooaiiyie a oe?a?inueeiio noni?euenoa?. Oe?a?ia
ooaa?aeeeanue a yeino? iacaeaaeii? noaa?aiii? aea?aeaae, noaea ia oeyo
aei aeaiie?ao?? oa ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee. Aeiei??ii? ia?aoai?aiiy a aeeoo?
aea?aeaae ia iieioee e ina?oyinueeo nenoaio, yea ? neeaaeiaith /anoeiith
noni?euenoaa ? iaieio/a ci?ith?oueny ?acii c iei. Aeooaeuei?noue
aea/aiiy nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a a 90-o? ?iee
coiiaeaia aeae?eueeiia oaeoi?aie.

Iniaeea?noue ina?oyinueei? nenoaie iieyaa? a oiio, ui ia ia? iieeaaeaii
aeai?aeeia caaaeaiiy – ni?eyoe iiaea?i?caoe?? noni?euenoaa, ia ?oeioth/e
aiaeii/an o? c o?aaeeoe?e, caa?aaeaiiy yeeo ? aeeoo?ai iaiao?aeiei.
Oiio ina?oa ?ieiee c aeayeei cai?ciaiiyi ?aaao? ia iio?aae noni?euenoaa,
yea aeeiai?/ii ci?ith?oueny. Ioaea, i?ioe??//y i?ae noaiii ina?oe oa
iio?aaaie noni?euenoaa ia? caaaeueiee oa?aeoa?. Cia/aiiy ina?oe iii?oii
c?inoa? a ia??iaee ci?i. Ca oiia ?iaeono??aeueiiai oa ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai
noni?euenoa aiia ia eeoa ?noioii aieeaa? ia a?aeoai?aiiy
?ioaeaeooaeueiiai iioaioe?aeo noni?euenoaa, a e caaacia/o? ??ci? aaeoc?
ainiiaea?noaa aenieieaae?o?eiaaieie oao?aoeyie, aenooiath/e eeth/iaei
oaeoi?ii nioe?aeueiiai i?ia?ano.

Ana oea aaaeeeai ? aeey Oe?a?ie. Aei oiai ae iaoa e?a?ia ia? aeiaeaoeia?
oaeoi?e aeooaeueiino? o?ainoi?iaoe?? ina?oyinueei? nenoaie. Oi?iaeueii
?ioa?iaoe?iiae?nonueea, oaeoe/ii ?oneo?eaoi?nueea ina?oa ?aaeyinueeeo
/an?a ia a?aeiia?aeaea iio?aaai iiaoaeiae iaoe?iiaeueii? aea?aeaae.
Iaa/aiith, ye ? noni?euenoao a oe?eiio, a?aeoaaei ia o?eueee
iaoe?iiaeueii? ni?yiiaaiino?, eiio a?aeoaaei ua e aeaiie?aoecio,
aoiai?cio. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia e?eca oaeoe/ii iinoaaeea ina?oo a
Oe?a?i? ia iaaeo aeaeeaaiiy. E?ecia? yaeua a aaeoc? iineeththoueny
iaaeinoaoiueith oaaaith c aieo aea?aeaae aei ?? i?iaeai, caeeoeiaei
i?eioeeiii o?iainoaaiiy.

Ia?aoai?aiiy a nenoai? ina?oe iaiao?aeii ii/eiaoe c iaaeaaia?/ii?
ina?oe. No/ania nioe?aeueia caiiaeaiiy aenoaa? i?eioeeiiai iia? aeiiae
aei iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a. Aaeaea ni?eyoe oi?ioaaiith iniaenoino? iiaea
o?eueee oaeee a/eoaeue, yeee nai ? ?icaeiooith oai?/ith iniaeno?noth.
Iniaeeao oaaao ne?ae i?eae?eeoe i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee,
ine?eueee aiie iaeia?o? caeo/athoueny aei oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyi iiai?
Oe?a?ie. Niaoeeo?ea ii/aoeiai? oeiee iieyaa? a oiio, ui o/i?a iaa/a?
iaeei o/eoaeue, a cia/eoue a?ae eiai i?ioan?eii? iaenoa?iino?,
ethaenueeeo yeinoae cia/iith i??ith caeaaeeoue oni?o iiaeaeueoiai
?icaeoeo, iaa/aiiy e aeoiaaiiy aeeoeie.

A aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyaea?oueny ?noi?e/iee aniaeo i?iaeaie, oiaoi
i?aeaioiaea a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a iieacaia a eiioaeno? ?icaoaeiae
Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae, ye iaeia ?c noa?, eio?a ?aoi?io?oueny o ca’yceo
c iiaei nioe?aeueiei caiiaeaiiyi. ?icaeoie ina?oe a iao /an –
no?aoaa?/ia ieoaiiy aaiethoe?? Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae, ine?eueee a?i
neoao? i?aea?oioyi aeinyaiaiiy aeiiii?/ii? iacaeaaeiino? ia iniia?
iiaeaeueoiai c?inoaiiy ?? ?ioaeaeooaeueiiai iioaioe?aeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy oeeo i?iaeai aeicaieeoue ocaaaeueieoe aeina?ae uiaei
ia?aoai?aiue o nenoai? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee ye a
Oe?a?i?, oae ? ca ?? iaaeaie. Ia oe?e iniia? aeioe?eueii ae?iaeoe
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei iiaeaeueoiai aaeineiiaeaiiy ia?aae? aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a oa ci?noo ina?oe c iaoith ae??oaiiy i?iaeai, ye?
iac??ee a nenoai? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee Oe?a?ie, /ei ?
coiiaeaiee aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy: “Nenoaia
i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee Oe?a?ie (1991-1997 ??.)”.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? nenoaia i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai?
oeiee a Oe?a?i?, ?? neeaaeia?, a oaeiae c?ooaiiy, aeeeeeai? /anii.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ae?yeuei?noue aea?aeaae oa ?? ina?oi?o
?inoeooo?a ii i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. A iie? ci?o
aeine?aeieea ia?aaoaathoue i?aaie oi?aae?iiy ina?oith a Oe?a?i?.
Ia’?eoii oaaae aaoi?a aenooiathoue aeu? iaa/aeuei? caeeaaee, ye?
cae?eniththoue i?aeaioiaeo oao?aoe?a ca niaoe?aeuei?noth “Ii/aoeiaa
iaa/aiiy”: iaaeo/eeeua, iaaeeieaaeae?, iaae?inoeoooe oa
iaaeoi?aa?neoaoe. ??ciiiai?oi? aeieoiaioe ? iaoa??aee, a yeeo
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ?iaioa oeeo caeeaae?a: ca?oia aeieoiaioaoe?y,
iaa/aeuei? ieaie ? i?ia?aie, iaa/aeuei? iin?aieee oiui – noaiiaeyoue
?ioa?an aeey aeine?aeieea. Iaaiee aianie o ?ica’ycaiiy ina?oyinueeeo
i?iaeai ?iaeyoue a?iiaaenuee? ia’?aeiaiiy, ae?yeuei?noue yeeo oaeiae
aenooia? ia’?eoii aea/aiiy. A iie? ci?o aeine?aeieea ia?aaoaathoue
aa?oo???ioe e nooaeaioe c ?oiueith oyaith i?i i?ioan?th a/eoaey
iieiaeoeo eean?a, aeanio iaaeaaia?/io ae?yeuei?noue, aaciina?aaeiuei
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean o aeueo iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao.

O?iiieia?/i? ?aiee aeine?aeaeaiiy ioiieththoue 1991-1997 ?iee. Ieaeiy
iaaea iia’ycaia c i?iaieioaiiyi Oe?a?iith iacaeaaeiino?. Naia oeae oaeo
coiiaea aeiei??ii? ia?aoai?aiiy a nenoai? ina?oe ia iniia? ci?ie
i??i?eoao?a aioo??oiuei? iie?oeee. Aa?oiy iaaea iicia/aia 1997 ?ieii,
yeei caaa?oo?oueny iayaia ocaaaeueithth/a ca?oia aeieoiaioaoe?y, yea ia
nueiaiaei? aeicaiey? ?iaeoe ?aaeuei? aeniiaee uiaei noaio ina?oyinueei?
aaeoc? a e?a?i?. A ie?aieo aeiaaeeao aaoi? caa?oaany aei iiia?aaei?o
ia??iae?a c iaoith aecia/aiiy i?ia?aeieo oaiaeaioe?e o ?icaeoeo ina?oe,
c?ooaiue o i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee, a oaeiae ci?ie
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii?, aeaiia?ao?/ii?, ?aeaieia?/ii? neooaoe?? a
Oe?a?i?, ui ni?aaey? aaciina?aaei?e aieea ia caaaeueiiina?oi?e i?ioean.

Iaoa aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a aiae?c? ci?i o nenoai?
i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee ca oiia iacaeaaeii? Oe?a?ie,
aecia/aii? oaeoi??a, ui ?o iaoiiaeee, c’ynoaaii? aeinyaiaiue ?
i?i?aooie?a o oe?e aaeoc? c oei, uia oieeiooe ?o o iaeaooiueiio.
Aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe ia?aaeaa/a?oueny cae?enieoe oeyoii
?ica’ycaiiy ianooiieo caaaeaiue:

– cae?enieoe ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
a Oe?a?i? oa ?icaeiaieo e?a?iao ?a?iie e na?oo c iaoith aeyaeaiiy
ei?eniiai aeey iaoi? e?a?ie aeina?aeo;

– c’ynoaaoe coiiaeai?noue oa ci?no e?eciaeo yaeu o nenoai? aeui?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i?;

– aecia/eoe ia?niaeoeai? oeyoe ?icaeoeo aeui? ina?oe uiaei i?aeaioiaee
a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee;

– i?iaiae?coaaoe caeiiiaeaa/o iniiao ia?aoai?aiue o nenoai?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe Oe?a?ie, ?? iiaiioo oa aeeoo?caeaoi?noue;

– aeine?aeeoe no?oeoo?io ia?aaoaeiao a nenoai? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a ii i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee oa ?? coiiaeai?noue;

– anoaiiaeoe aeioe?euei?noue cai?iaaaeaeaiiy nooiaiaai? i?aeaioiaee
a/eoae?a iieiaeoeo eean?a;

– aeyaeoe i?iaeaie a iaoa??aeueiiio caaacia/aii? ina?oyinueeeo
caeeaae?a, a caeo/aii? iiaeo aeaea?ae o?iainoaaiiy oa
iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iiai iinoa/aiiy, nooi?iue ?oiuei? aoaeoeaiino? oa
aeiaaio?eaaeino?;

– aeine?aeeoe ia?aoai?aiiy a ci?no? ina?oe, ii??aiyoe iaa/aeuei? ieaie
iiaeo oei?a aeueo iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a;

– aecia/eoe iai?yiee oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie aeoiaaiiy, ??
a?aeaeooy o oi?ioaaii? iiai? aaia?aoe?? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a,
a?aeiia?aei?noue ?ioa?anai aea?aeaae.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ocaaaeueiaii? i?ioeano
?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ii i?aeaioiaoe? iaaeaaia?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee.
Aiae?co?oueny i?aeoe/ia ae?yeuei?noue ia caaaeueiiaea?aeaaiiio oa
i?noeaaiio ??aiyo uiaei i?aeaioiaee /eneaiii? e nioe?aeueii cia/oui?
a?oie – a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee. Aeena?oaio aea? e?eoe/iee aiae?c
caeiiiaeaa/i? iniiae ina?oe, aeayeeo iiaaoi?nueeeo e?ie?a aea?aeaae o
oe?e noa??. Aaoi?ii aaaaeai? aei iaoeiaiai ia?ao iia? iaoa??aee,
cie?aia, noaoenoe/i? aeai?, aeieoiaioe I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe, ?acoeueoaoe
nioe?ieia?/ieo ianoaaeaiue oiui. A i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy caeo/aany
aeaniee i?aeoe/iee aeina?ae aaoi?a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a iiaeeeaino?
aeei?enoaiiy ?o aeey i?aeaioiaee ocaaaeueithth/eo i?aoeue c ?noi???
Oe?a?ie, ?noi??? eoeueoo?e oa ina?oe; aeey i?aeaioiaee niaoeeo?n?a ye,
iai?eeeaae, “?noi??y iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i?”; aeey ?ic?iaee
caoiae?a ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ia?aoai?aiue a aaeoc? aeui?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe a oe?eiio ?, cie?aia, a aaeoc? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a; aeey aecia/aiiy oaiaoeee nooaeaionueeeo iaoeiaeo
?ia?o c ?noi??? ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y iaaiai?thaaeanue
ia can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e ?noi??? Oe?a?ie Aeiiaoeueeiai
aea?aeoi?aa?neoaoo. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiia?aeaeenue ia
iaoeiaeo oa iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo. Cie?aia, aaoi? acya
o/anoue o ?iaio? i?aeia?iaeii? i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Ia?aciaaiea a
nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa: i?iaeaiu, oai?ey, i?aeoeea “, yea a?aeaoeany a
Iaean? 1996 ?.; a ?aa?iiaeuei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Yeieiae/aneia ia?aciaaiea
– i?iaeaiu e ia?niaeoeau”, ui i?iaiaeeeany a Ai?e?aoe? oiai ae ?ieo; a
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiio nai?ia?? “A?a ? aeeoeinoai”, eio?ee i?aoethaaa o
Ieeiea?a? 1997 ?.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? a ca??ieeao aeiiia?aeae ?
iia?aeiieaiue aeuaiacaaieo eiioa?aioe?e, a oaeiae o aeo?iae? “No?ae”,
ca??ieeo “I?eaei?i?ianueeee iaoeiaee a?niee”. Anueiai a?n?i ioae?eaoe?e,
c yeeo o?e i?noyoueny o oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo.

NO?OEOO?A ? CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a (ainueie
i?ae?icae?e?a), aeniiae?a, aeiaeaoe?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae oa
e?oa?aoo?e (201 iaeiaioaaiiy).

O Anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/aia ?? iiaecia,
iieacaia i?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue aeena?oaoe??, ie?aneai? o?iiieia?/i?
?aiee aeine?aeaeaiiy, c’yniaai? i?aaeiao oa ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy,
iinoaaeaia iaoa e caaaeaiiy ?iaioe.

Ia?oee ?icae?e “?noi??ia?ao?/iee oa aeaea?aeiciaa/ee iaeyae”, ui
neeaaea?oueny c aeaio i?ae?icae?e?a, i?enay/aiee noaio ?ic?iaee
aenoiooi? i?iaeaie, aeaea?aeiciaa/iio aiae?co oa oa?aeoa?enoeoe?
iaoiaeieia?/ii? iniiae ?iaioe. Ia?aoiaey/e aei ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai
iaeyaeo, ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui aeine?aeieeaie aea/aeeny ??ci? aniaeoe
i?iaeaie. Iaeiei c ieo ? ?noi??y i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee.
Caa?oathoue ia naaa oaaao i?aoe? caaaeueii?in?enueeiai ianooaao
Niyoneeo A.E. Noaiiaeaiea e ?acaeoea n?aaeiaai niaoeeaeueiiai
iaaeaaiae/aneiai ia?aciaaiey a ?innee: Aaoi?ao. aeenn… eaiae.iaae.iaoe:
13.00.01. – I., 1992; Eocueiei I.I. O/eoaeueneea einoeooou a ?innee. –
*aeyaeine, 1975; Eiai ae: O/eoaeueneea naieia?ee ?innee e eo ianoi a
iiaeaioiaea o/eoaeae ia/aeueiie oeieu. – Eo?aai, 1990 ? o.ae., a yeeo
i?eae?eaia oaaaa i?aai?caoe?ei?e no?oeoo?? a?aeiia?aeieo iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a, ioa?aeoa?eciaaiee iaa/aeueiee i?ioean.

I?iaeaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee a iaaeao Oe?a?ie
oi?eaeeny oae? aeine?aeieee ye I.I.Aa?ia, A.A.Noaaeoeueeee,
A.E.Iaeai?iaea oa ?io?. A ?oi?o i?aoeyo iniiaia oaaaa i?eaa?iooa aei
nenoaie ina?oe a Oe?a?i? ca ?aaeyinueei? aeaaee. Aaoi?e i?inoaaeothoue
i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy ia?aae? iaa/aeueieo iaaeaaia?/ieo caeeaae?a,
aiae?cothoue iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean a ie?aieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao
oa a oe?eiio ii ?anioae?oe?. Iieacaii, ui oaeoe/ii nenoaia aeui?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i? ia a?ae??ciyeanue a?ae caaaeueiinithcii?
Aa?ia I.I. ?icaeoie iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe a No?aei?e Aaee/ei? (1867-1939
??.): Aaoi?ao.aeen… eaiae. iaae. iaoe: 13.00.01. – E., 1996;
Noaaeoeueeee A.A. I?aeaioiaea a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee (ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a) a Oe?a?inuee?e ?N? (1917-1941 ??.). – Oiaiue, 1970; Iaeai?iaea
A.E. Aeua iaaeaaia?/ia ina?oa a Oe?a?i?: ?noi??y, aeina?ae, o?iee:
1917-1985. – E., 1992 ? o.ae. . Ia caia?a/oth/e aianeo iacaaieo aaoi??a
o ?ic?iaeo i?iaeaie, ne?ae a?aecia/eoe aeayeo ?aeaae?caoe?th i?ioean?a,
ui a?aeaoaaeeny a ina?o?. Aaeaea aeey ?aaeyinueeiai ia??iaeo aoea
oa?aeoa?ia iaaei??ia oeaio?ae?caoe?y ina?oe, iiaiiianooaaia
?aeaieia?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano.

Aaeeea e?euee?noue ?ia?o i?enay/aia aiae?co ae??oaiiy ina?oyinueeeo
i?iaeai o ca?oa?aeiiio na?o?. A oe?e a?oi? ia?o ca ana i?eaa?oathoue
oaaao i?aoe? ocaaaeueithth/iai oa?aeoa?o O.A.Eoiana, E.?eiaiiai?, oa
?ioeo Eoian O.A. E?ecen ia?aciaaiey a nia?aiaiiii ie?a. Nenoaiiue
aiaeec. – I., 1970; Aeiaiiaa A.E. Aunoaa ia?aciaaiea ca ?oaaaeii. – E.,
1989; Nooi?nueeee N. Ina?oa caei?aeiiiy. – Euea?a, 1995; sso/aiei A.Ae.,
Aa?an?ia E.I. ?aoi?ia ina?oe: i?aeia?iaeiee aeina?ae oa iaoe?iiaeuei?
niiae?aaiiy Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae // ??aeia oeiea. – 1993. – N.11-14 ?
o.ae.. O i?aoeyo Eoiana oa ?eiaiiai? a aeon? ?aaeyinueei?
?noi??ia?ao?? aeaui oaiaeaioe?eii iieacaii noai ina?oe a eai?oae?noe/ieo
e?a?iao. Oe?a?inuee? aeine?aeieee N.Nooi?nueeee, A.sso/aiei oa
E.Aa?an?ia caa?oathoue oaaao ia ia’?eoeai?noue e?ece a nenoai? ina?oe.
Aaoi?e aeacaieo i?aoeue aiae?cothoue i?iaeaie, ui cono??/athoueny ia
oeyoo ia?aoai?aiue. Iaeaaaeeea?oeie oiiaaie oni?oiiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy, ia
?oith aeoieo, ? i?aeo?eiea ii/aoeo ?aoi?i oa caeo/aiiy eioo?a ia
?icaeoie ina?oe a ianooaaao an??? iaoe??.

Aei aeina?aeo ie?aieo e?a?i uiaei ?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ina?oe oa,
cie?aia, i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee caa?ioeeny ?.I.Eia/eia,
I.Eaa/aiei oa ?io? Eia/eia ?.I. ?aoi?ioaaiiy caaaeueii? na?aaeiuei? ?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe Iieueu? o 80-90-o ?ieao OO no.: Aaoi?ao. aeen…
eaiae. iaae. iaoe: 13.00.01. – E., 1997; Eaa/aiei I. I?aeaioiaea
a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? eaiee a Eaiaae? (?noi?e/iee aniaeo) // Ii/aoeiaa
oeiea. – 1997. – ? 4. – N.42-44; Iiiiia?ueiaa I.?. ?icaeoie
iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a NOA (60-80-o? ??. OO no.): Aaoi?ao.
aeen… eaiae. iaae. iaoe: 13.00.01. – Oa?e?a, 1996; Cycthi ?.A. ?aoi?ia
ina?oe a ssiii?? // ??aeia oeiea. – 1993. – ? 8. – N.67-74 ? o.ae. .
Aaoi?e c’yniaothoue ia?aaeoiiae, ci?no ? iane?aeee ?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo
ina?oe o cao?aeiiio na?o?. Aeine?aeieee oi?eathoueny oaei? i?iaeaie ye
nooi?iue a?aeiia?aeiino? ina?oe iio?aaai noni?euenoaa. Iaeaooi? ina?oe
ieie aaa/a?oueny o i?eaaaeaii? ?? o a?aeiia?aei?noue c aeeiai?eith
no/aniiai ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa. Na?aae iai?yie?a ?aoi?ioaaiiy
ia?aaaaea? oaiaeaioe?y aei noai?aiiy aio/ei? ina?oiuei? nenoaie, eio?a
aoea a caeaoia aei naiiiiiaeaiiy. A iacaaieo i?aoeyo aaoi?e
caa?oathoueny aei aeina?aeo ia?aoai?aiue a ina?oyinuee?e aaeoc? a
?a?iiaenueeeo, i?ai?/iiaia?eeainueeeo e?a?iao, a oaeiae e?a?iao aeayeeo
?ioeo ?aa?ii?a.

Ianooiia i?iaeaia, iaae yeith i?aoeththoue aeine?aeieee, – iai?yiee
?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a iieiaeoeo eean?a. O?einionuee?
i?aeaaeeie ia?aoai?aiue a ina?oyinuee?e aaeoc? aeeeaaeai? a i?aoeyo
A.N.Eooay oa A.N.Aa?ooinueeiai Eooae A.N. O?einio?y no/anii? ina?oe. –
E., 1996; Aa?ooineee A.N. Oeeinioey ia?aciaaiey aeey OO? a. – I., 1998.
. Aeai? iiiia?ao?? iathoue i?iaiinoe/iee oa?aeoa?, a ieo caoi?eioo?
aeiaaeuei? o?einionuee? e na?oiaeyaei? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo ina?oe,
aeooaeuei? aaea aeey iaeaooiueiai. Aaoi?e i?aaiooue iieacaoe iniiai?
?ene ?icaeoeo ina?oe a OO? no. Aiie coieiythoueny ia caaaeaiiyo, ui
noiyoue ia?aae ina?oith, aieiaiei na?aae yeeo – oai?aiiy iniaenoino?
ethaeeie.

I?ia?aei? i?aoe?aieee I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie A.Iia?aaiye,
A.sso/aiei, E.Aa?an?ia, I.Eioiaa aenooieee c ?yaeii i?aoeue, i?enay/aieo
i?aai?caoe?eiei ia?aoai?aiiyi o nenoai? ina?oe Aa?an?ia E.I., sso/aiei
A.Ae. Aeua oeiea ye ia’?eo ina?oiuei? ?aoi?iaoe??. – E., 1995; Iia?aaiye
A., sso/aiei A., Eioiaa I. I?aeaioiaea iaoeiaeo ? iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo
eaae??a o eiioaeno? ?aoi?ioaaiiy ina?oe // ??aeia oeiea. – 1995. – ? 12.
– N.2-9; Iia?aaiye A.I., sso/aiei A.Ae. Iiaa ia?aaeeaia: ?aae?? ?
i?iaeaie: (?icaeoie iaoe?iiaeueii? ina?oe a na?oiaiio eiioaeno?) //
??aeia oeiea. – 1994. – ? 12. – N.2-7.. Aaoi?e i?aeaeee ia?o? i?aenoiee
?? ?aoi?ioaaiiy. Na?aae aieiaieo oaiaeaioe?e aeae?eai?: ca?eueoaiiy
iiaeeeainoae aeey caeiaoooy aeui? ina?oe caaaeyee ?icoe?aiith ia?aae?
aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a oa o??ciiiai?oiaiith oi?i io?eiaiiy ina?oe;
iiyao ii?yae c eeane/ieie oeiaie aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a oae caaiiai
“iaoi?aa?neoaonueeiai” naeoi?o; aeaaeai?/io iia?euei?noue.

I?aai?caoe?y ea??aieoeoaa iaaeaaia?/iei eieaaeaeai, yeee aeey Oe?a?ie ?
iiaei oeiii iaa/aeueiiai caeeaaeo, aena?oeaia E.?.Aieeiaoeue
Aieeiaoeue E.?. Oi?aae?iiy iaaeaaia?/iei eieaaeaeai a oiiaao
?aoi?ioaaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei. – E., 1997..
Iaoiaee/iiio aniaeoo i?iaeaie i?enay/ai? i?aoe? A.?.Eoaiaiai oa
E.I.Oiie/ Eoaiaee A.?. Iaaeaaia?/ia ina?oa a Oe?a?i?: no?oeoo?a,
ooieoe?iioaaiiy, oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo. – E., 1994; Oiie/ E.I.
I?ioan?eii-iaaeaaia?/ia i?aeaioiaea a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. – E.,
1998..

?noi??ia?ao?/iee iaeyae iieacaa iayai?noue /eneaiii? iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e
c i?iaeaie. Aiaeii/an a?i aeyaea iaai? iaaeie?ee. Ii-ia?oa, ia?aaaaeia
a?eueo?noue oeeo i?aoeue – iaaaeee? ca ianyaii, i?enay/ai? yeiionue
iaeiiio aniaeoo. Oiaoi a iayaiino? iaoa??ae, eio?ee iio?aao?
ocaaaeueiaiiy. Ii-ae?oaa, iaioith i??ith ?ice?eoee ?noi?e/iee aniaeo
?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ina?oe a no/anieo oiiaao, ui ? iinoaaeaii a oeaio?
oaaae aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ii-o?ao?, iacaaiei i?aoeyi /anoi
ia aenoa/a? e?eoe/iino?.

A iniiao eeaneo?eaoe?? aeaea?ae c i?iaeaie iieeaaeaia ni?euei?noue ?o
iioiaeaeaiiy, ui aeicaiey? a?oioaaoe aeieoiaioe aeecueeiai ?aeaeiiai
ni?yioaaiiy, i?eaeecii ??aiiai nooiaiy aeinoia??iino?, ?aeeii? iaoiaeeee
aeei?enoaiiy. Ioaea, aeaea?aea c i?iaeaie, ui ?icaeyaea?oueny, ne?ae
ca?oioaaoe oaeei /eiii: aeieoiaioe ? iaoa??aee aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a
aeaaee; aeieoiaioe i?noeaaeo i?aai?a aeaaee; iioi/i? iaoa??aee aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a; noaoenoe/i? iaoa??aee; aeieoiaioe a?iiaaenueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e; ?acoeueoaoe nioe?ieia?/ieo ianoaaeaiue; ia??iaee/i?
aeaeaiiy.

Aei ia?oi? a?oie a?aeianai? caeiie Oe?a?ie oa oeace I?aceaeaioa,
iinoaiiae Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a, ?icii?yaeaeaiiy, aiae?oe/i? oa
?ioi?iaoe?ei? iaoa??aee I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie. Cia/ia ?o /anoeia
ae?oeo?oueny a “?ioi?iaoe?eiiio ca??ieeo I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie”,
?ioeo ia??iaee/ieo aeaeaiiyo. Aaeeea e?euee?noue ?o – ??/i? ca?oe aoc?a,
iaeace, ?icii?yaeaeaiiy, iaoa??aee eieaa?e oiui – caa??aa?oueny a
iioi/iiio a?o?a? I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

??ciiiai?oi? ??oaiiy, ?icii?yaeaeaiiy, iinoaiiae, iaeace iaeanieo,
aaoiiiiii? ?anioae?ee E?ei oa Ee?anueeiai oi?aae?iiy ina?oe noaiiaeyoue
ae?oao a?oio aeaea?ae.

Aaaeeeao ?ioi?iaoe?th i?noyoue noaoenoe/i? iaoa??aee. Cia/ia /anoeia ?o
iioae?eiaaia Noaoenoe/i? aeai? i?i na?aaei?, aeioe?euei? oa
iicaoe?euei? caeeaaee ina?oe nenoaie I?iina?oe Oe?a?ie (1992-1996 ??.).
– E., 1997; Noaoenoe/i? aeai? aei can?aeaeaiiy Eieaa?? I?i?noa?noaa ca
i?aenoieaie 1997 ?ieo (Aeu? iaa/aeuei? caeeaaee). – E., 1998., ?aooa
caa??aa?oueny a iioi/iiio a?o?a? I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe, a oaeiae a?o?aao
iaeanieo oi?aae?iue noaoenoeee. Ie?aio i?aea?oio noaiiaeyoue
?ioi?iaoe?ei? iaoa??aee i?i ae?yeuei?noue aeueo iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ?ioi?iaoe?ei? iaoa??aee aei can?aeaiiy eieaa??
I?i?noa?noaa. Aeu? iaa/aeuei? caeeaaee ?-?? oa ???-?O ??ai?a
ae?aaeeoaoe??. – E., 1994; Iniiai? iieacieee ae?yeueiino? iaaeaaia?/ieo
oi?aa?neoao?a oa ?inoeooo?a noaiii ia 1 aa?aniyy 1995 ?ieo // Iioi/iee
a?o?a I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie (aeae? – Iioi/iee a?o?a II). – AAIIC.
– A-13 ? o.ae.. Aiie i?noyoue ?ioi?iaoe?th uiaei aeeiai?ee e?eueeino?
i?eeiyoeo nooaeaio?a oa i?aeaioiaeaieo niaoe?ae?no?a, ?iciiae?eo
nooaeaio?a ca niaoe?aeueiinoyie, iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iiai caaacia/aiiy.

Cia/iee ?ioa?an yaeythoue iioi/i? iaoa??aee ae?yeueiino? ie?aieo aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ii i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. Oea
iaa/aeuei? ieaie, ?iai/? i?ia?aie, iaoa??aee aooaaeoa?nueeiai iae?eo,
ca?oe oiui.

I?iaeaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a ia?aaoaathoue o iie?
ci?o a?iiaaenueeeo i?aai?caoe?e. Na?aae i?aeia?iaeieo ia?oi/a?aiai ne?ae
iacaaoe THIANEI. Oe?eaaeie ? iaoa??aee Ia?oiai iaaeaaia?/iiai c’?caeo
Oe?a?ie.

Ieoaiiy i?i iioeaaoe?th ia?aiiy iieiaeeie ethaeueie iaaeaaia?/ii?
niaoe?aeueiino?, noaaeaiiy nooaeaio?a aei iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano,
?oiy ioe?iea noaio ina?oe aeicaieythoue aena?oeeoe nioe?ieia?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ua iaeiei aeaea?aeii ? ia??iaee/ia i?ana. Oe?eaao oa ??ciiiai?oio
?ioi?iaoe?th iaaeathoue “??aeia oeiea”, “Ii/aoeiaa oeiea”, “Aeua
iaaeaaia?/ia ina?oa”, “Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y” ? o.ae. Cie?aia, ia
?oi?o noi??ieao ?icai?ioeany oe?iea aeeneon?y c i?eaiaeo ci?noo
?aoi?ioaaiiy ina?oyinueei? aaeoc? Oe?a?ie, iaaeaaiae-i?aeoeee ae?eyoueny
aeaniei aeina?aeii uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a.

?icia?ooy ie?aneaiiai eiea aeaea?ae c iaeyaeo ia ?o aeinoia??i?noue
aeicaiey? ?ice?eoe iinoaaeaio i?iaeaio.

Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue ianooii?
caaaeueiina?oiaeyaei? i?eioeeie: i?aaiaiiy aei iaoia?aaeaeaiino?,
?noi?eci, aeciaiiy caaaeueieo caeiiii??iinoae ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa,
aca?iica’ycie nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oa eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a,
ii?aeiaiiy caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oa iaoe?iiaeueieo oe?iiinoae a ina?o?.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e “No?oeoo?ia ia?aaoaeiaa nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiai? oeiee”, yeee neeaaea?oueny c /ioe?ueio i?ae?icae?e?a,
aena?oeth? na?oiaee aeina?ae ii ?aoi?ioaaiith nenoaie ina?oe, aiae?co?
caeiiiaeaa/o aaco, ie?aneth? ia?aoai?aiiy a no?oeoo?? iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a ii i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a, a oaeiae iniiai? i?iaeaie uiaei
o?iainiaiai caaacia/aiiy aaeoc?.

Aoaeue-yea e?a?ia noeea?oueny c i?iaeaiith ?aoi?ioaaiiy ina?oe. O na?o?
iaeiie/aiee aaaaoee aeina?ae uiaei oeueiai i?ioeano. Iciaee nooo?aeo
ci?i a ina?oyinuee?e nenoai? i?ia?aeieo cao?aeieo aea?aeaa aeyaeeeny
aaea a 50-o? ?iee. I?ia?aeieie iai?yieaie ia?aoai?aiue ?
aeaoeaio?ae?caoe?y, noai?aiiy aio/ei? nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, ia?ai???ioaoe?y iaoe iaa/aiiy c ia?aaea/? ?ioi?iaoe??
aei ?icaeoeo ?ioaeaeooaeueieo cae?aiinoae nooaeaioa. Aeaye? neeaaeia?
na?oiaiai aeina?aeo iiaeooue aooe ei?enieie aeey Oe?a?ie. I?ioa
canoinoaaiiy eiai ia?aaeaa/a? oieeiaiiy ?aeaae?caoe?? oa aacaeoiiiai
eii?thaaiiy.

Aiae?c caeiiiaeaa/eo aeo?a aeicaieea c’ynoaaoe iie?oeeo aea?aeaae a oe?e
noa??, a i?iaeoe?y ?o ia ?aaeueia aeeooy – nooi?iue ?oiuei?
aeeoo?caeaoiino?. Caeiiiaeaa/? aeieoiaioe uiaei i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a iiae?eythoueny ia e?eueea a?oi: caeiie Oe?a?ie, oeace
I?aceaeaioa, iinoaiiae Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a, caaaeueiiaea?aeaai?
eiioeaioe?? oa ?aa?iiaeuei? i?ia?aie ?icaeoeo ina?oe. Ina?oe a oe?eiio,
i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a cie?aia, noinothoueny ii?ie
aaaaoueio caeii?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia ?io? noa?e noni?euenoaa: nenoaio
iiiaeaoeoaaiiy, i?aei?e?iieoeoai, i?i aeani?noue, nioe?aeueia noaiiaeua
oa ?icaeoie iieiae? a Oe?a?i?.

A iniiaiiio caaa?oaia ?iaioa ii noai?aiith ii?iaoeaii? aace ina?oe a
Oe?a?i?. Aiia aaco?oueny ia iieiaeaiiyo Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie. Oae
noaooath 53 a?iiaaeyiai Oe?a?ie aa?aioo?oueny i?aai ia ina?oo
Eiinoeoooe?y Oe?a?ie. – E., 1996. – N. 23.. Eeth/iaa cia/aiiy iathoue
caeii “I?i ina?oo”, Aea?aeaaia Iaoe?iiaeueia i?ia?aia “Ina?oa” (“Oe?a?ia
OO? noie?ooy”) Aea?aeaaia Iaoe?iiaeueia i?ia?aia “Ina?oa (“Oe?a?ia OO?
noie?ooy)”. – E., 1994.. Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui ina?oyinueeiio
caeiiiaeaanoao a?aeo? caaa?oaiino?, iine?aeiaiino?. Ia??aeei
caeiiiaeaa/? aeoe a?ae??aai? a?ae aeeooy, ia a?aoiaothoue eiai ?aae?e.
Neaaeei i?noeai caeiiiaeaanoaa ? a?aenooi?noue /?oeiai iaoai?cio eiai
?aae?caoe?? oa aeao?oeeo iniaenoi? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ea??aiee?a on?o
??ai?a ca o? /e ?io? ia?aoai?aiiy.

A Oe?a?i? i?iaiaeeoueny no?oeoo?ia ia?aaoaeiaa nenoaie ina?oe, ui
iiaiith i??ith noino?oueny ? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.
Aeeaaea?oueny iiaee ci?no o iiiyooy aeuiai iaa/aeueiiai caeeaaeo, yea
oaia? iioe?th?oueny ? ia eieeoi? na?aaei? niaoe?aeuei? iaa/aeuei?
caeeaaee, cie?aia ia iaaeo/eeeua. Cai?iaaaeaeo?oueny nooiaiaaa
i?aeaioiaea niaoe?ae?no?a, aaiaeeoueny iiaa nenoaia eaae?o?eaoe?e –
iieiaeoee niaoe?ae?no, aaeaeaa?, niaoe?ae?no, iaa?no?.

O 1990 ?. a Oe?a?i? ia?aoiaoaaeiny 50 iaaeaaia?/ieo o/eeeu, 16 c yeeo
i?ci?oa aoee ?ai?aai?ciaai? a iaaeaaia?/i? eieaaeae?. Iiae?aia
ia?aaoaeiaa – oe?eeii caeiiii??iee i?ioean. Naiai /ano aiie oi?ioaaeeny
c iaoith ei?ioeino?ieiai? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, o yeeo
aea?aeaaa a?ae/oaaea iaaecae/aeio iio?aao. Ca no/anieo oiia aeiiae aei
a/eoaey c?inee, a?aeiia?aeii i?aeaeueeeny aiie ? aei i?aeaioiaee
eaae??a, ui e ni?e/eieei ci?io noaoono. Ia ii/aoeo 1990-o ?ie?a aeieeea
?aeay noai?aiiy ia aac? i?ia?aeieo iaae?inoeooo?a iaaeaaia?/ieo
oi?aa?neoao?a, ye? iathoue aeeiioaaoe ooieoe?th ?aa?iiaeueieo oeaio??a
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe e iaoee. Aiane?aeie i?iaaaeaieo ia?aoai?aiue o
1997 ?. nenoaia iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ii i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a neeaaeaeany c 30 iaaeaaia?/ieo o/eeeu (c aeaiia
o?e?yie), 17 eieaaeae?a (a oiio /ene? 1 i?eaaoiee), 16 iaae?inoeooo?a, 7
iaaeoi?aa?neoao?a, 4 eeane/i? oi?aa?neoaoe, a oaeiae 7 iaaea?aeaaieo
?inoeooo?a. Noaoenoe/i? aeai? aei can?aeaiiy Eieaa?? I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
ca i?aenoieaie 1997 ?ieo. – N.292-293; Aeia?aeiee aeey anooiiee?a aei
aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a Oe?a?ie ia 1997 ??e. – E., 1997. – N.
335-369. .

O iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao ?-?? ??ai?a ae?aaeeoaoe??
aioothoueny a/eoae? c 8 iniiaieo niaoe?aeueiinoae. Niaoe?aeuei?noue
“Ii/aoeiaa iaa/aiiy” ? a a?eueoino? c ieo – ca oeei i?io?eai iaa/aeiny
53,5 % nooaeaio?a oeeo caeeaae?a. C iaeyaeo ia i?iaeaio
i?aoeaaeaoooaaiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny ia?ao?ae aei i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a ca
iiaea?eieie niaoe?aeueiinoyie: ii/aoeiaa iaa/aiiy e oe?a?inueea iiaa,
ii/aoeiaa iaa/aiiy e ?iicaiia iiaa oiui. Aecia/ai? oaeiae aeiaeaoeia?
eaae?o?eaoe?? aeey iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. Oea i?aai?caoi?
?iaioe c o/i?anueeeie ia’?aeiaiiyie, ea??aiee aeeoy/iai ooaeiaeiueiai
eieaeoeao oa ?io?. Oaea ae oaiaeaioe?y i?inoaaeo?oueny ? a ?iaio?
iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ???-?O ??ai?a ae?aaeeoaoe??
Iioi/iee a?o?a II. Iia? i?aeoiaee aei no?oeoo?e iaaeaaia?/ieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae. – Aeiaeaoie 3,4..

Ie??i aea?aeaaieo, i?aeaioiaeo a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a cae?eniththoue
iaaea?aeaai? iaa/aeuei? caeeaaee: E?aiaoi?nueeee oa Iae??anueeee
aeiiii?ei-aoiai?oa?i?, E??iaia?aaenueeee oa ??aiainueeee
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? ?inoeoooe, Aeiiaoeueeee ?inoeooo nioe?aeueii?
ina?oe, Oeaio? aoiai?oa?ii? i?aeaioiaee I?A?I (Ee?a), Caea?iaonueeee
oai?nueeee iaae?inoeooo. Iayai?noue iaaea?aeaaii? ina?oe icia/a?
i?eieiaiiy aea?aeaaii? iiiiiie?? ia ina?oo, noai?aiiy caei?iai?
eiieo?aioe?? i?ae ??cieie caeeaaeaie. Aiia ni?ey? ?icoe?aiith
iiaeeeainoae a?iiaaeyi uiaei iaea?aeaiiy ina?oe.

A Oe?a?i? i?aeaioiaea a/eoae?a cae?enithaaeanue ia eeoa aeey
oe?a?inueeeo oa ?in?enueeeo oe?e, aea e aeey iieaeaanueeeo
(*a?i?aaoeueeee oi?aa?neoao, A?eai?iae-Aei?no?ianueea iaaeo/eeeua),
oai?nueeeo (Ioea/?anueea e *a?i?aaoeueea iaaeo/eeeua), aieaa?nueeeo oa
i?iaoeueeeo (?cia?euenueeee iaae?inoeooo, A?eai?iae-Aei?no?ianueea
iaaeo/eeeua), ?a?aenueeeo (Ee?anueeee iaaeeieaaeae ? 3).

Aiae?c noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo iieaco? nei?i/aiiy /enaeueiino? nooaeaio?a
iaaeaaia?/ieo niaoe?aeueiinoae. I?ioyaii 1990-1997 ??. ?o e?euee?noue o
aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao ???-?O ??aiy ae?aaeeoaoe?? nei?ioeeany ia
15%, ?-?? ??ai?a – ia 42,7% Ia?iaeia ainiiaea?noai Oe?a?ie o 1993
?ioe?. Noaoenoe/iee ui??/iee. – E., 1994. – N. 389; Noaoenoe/iee
ui??/iee Oe?a?ie ca 1994 ??e. –E., 1995. – N. 405,407; Noaoenoe/i? aeai?
aei can?aeaiiy eieaa?? I?i?noa?noaa ca i?aenoieaie 1997 ?ieo. – E.,
1998. – N.292-293; Iioi/iee a?o?a… – A-13 AAIIC. Aiae?oe/iee iaoa??ae
i?i ?iaioo iaaeo/eeeu, iaaeeieaaeae?a o 1996 iaa/aeueiiio ?ioe?. – N.1..
I?i oea na?ae/aoue oaeiae ?acoeueoaoe eiieo?no na?aae aa?oo???io?a: 1993
?. ia iaeia i?noea aoei iiaeaii 2,3 cayae, 1996 – 1,8 Iioi/iee a?o?a
II. Aiae?oe/iee iaoa??ae i?i ?iaioo iaaeo/eeeu, iaaeeieaaeae?a o 1995/96
i.?. – Oaae. 7,8.. C iaeiiai aieo, oea ? iane?aeeii iaae?iiy
i?anoeaeiino? iaaeaaia?/ieo niaoe?aeueiinoae aiane?aeie iacaaeia?eueiiai
iaoa??aeueiiai caaacia/aiiy aaeoc?, c ?ioiai – nei?i/aiiy eiioeiaaioo
nooaeaio?a coiiaeaia i?eaaaeaiiyi ianya?a i?aeaioiaee iaaeaaia?/ieo
eaae??a aei no/anieo iio?aa.

Aaaaoinooiaiaa?noue aeiaaa? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aio/ei? nenoaie ina?oe,
iaei??th c oi?i yei? iiaeooue aooe iaa/aeuei? eiiieaene. A n?/i? 1993
?. I?i?noa?noai ina?oe caoaa?aeeei “Iieiaeaiiy i?i iaa/aeueiee oa
iaa/aeueii-iaoeiai-ae?iaie/ee eiiieaen”. Aei neeaaeo oaeiai eiiieaeno
aoiaeyoue oeiee, a?iiac??, eieaaeae?, ?inoeoooe. A Oe?a?i? noai?aii aaea
11 iaa/aeueieo eiiieaen?a: iaaeiei Iaoe?iiaeueiiai, Oa?e?anueeiai,
I?aaeaiii-oe?a?inueeiai iaaeoi?aa?neoao?a, Neia’yinueeiai iaae?inoeoooo
oa ?ioeo. Ia oeueiio oeyoo iiaeeeaa aeinyaiaiiy aacia?a?aiino? ina?oe,
caaacia/aiiy aeaaeai?/ii? iia?eueiino?, ui ? ? e?ioeaaith iaoith
no?oeoo?ieo ia?aoai?aiue o nenoai? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai?
oeiee.

?aae?caoe?y iinoaaeaieo ia?aae ina?oith caaaeaiue aaaaoi a /iio
caeaaeeoue a?ae ??aiy ?? iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii? caaacia/aiino?. sseui a
a?eueoino? iai?yie?a ?aoi?ioaaiiy ina?oe niinoa??aathoueny iaai?
aeinyaiaiiy, oi naia a noa?? o?iainoaaiiy aeiaiaeeoueny eiinoaooaaoe
iacaia?a/io ia?aaaao iaaaoeaieo oaiaeaioe?e. Iiia?aaeiy aiioa caeeoeea o
niaaeie, c iaeiiai aieo, caiaaeoi aeo?aoio nenoaio, c ?ioiai –
caeeoeiaee i?eioeei o?iainoaaiiy. ssne?aaei i?iyaii iaaoaeoeaiiai
aeei?enoaiiy eioo?a ? aano?aeia neooaoe?y, eiee, ia?aaoaath/e o
o?iainia?e ne?oo?, aea?aeaaa niea/o? i?aeaioiaeo oeny/ niaoe?ae?no?a o
noa?? ii/aoeiai? ina?oe, ye? ca oaoii ia i?aoeththoue, a ioaea, ia
aei?aaaeiaothoue aeo?ao.

*eneaii? caeiiiaeaa/? aeieoiaioe, ni?yiiaai? ia ao?eaiiy e?aueo na?oiaeo
noaiaea?o?a, o /anoei? o?iainoaaiiy ina?oe ia aeeiiothoueny. C 1994 ?.
/a?ac a?aenooi?noue o?iainoaaiiy iaeaea ia i?iaiaeeoueny iiiaeaiiy
iaoa??aeueii? aace a on?o oeiao caeeaae?a ina?oe. Iaeaaeiaiiy
iaa/aeueieo eaa?iao?a, nii?ocae?a o?ce/ii e ii?aeueii canoa??ei,
caaacia/ai?noue no/anieie oaoi?/ieie caniaaie iaa/aiiy noaiiaeoue
20-30%, a no/ani? ?noi?e/i? ea?oe acaaae? a?aenooi? A?niee Aea?aeaaii?
?iniaeoe?? caeeaae?a ina?oe. – 1998. – ? 1. – N.16.. Aeoaea iecueeee
??aaiue caaacia/aiino? eiii’thoa?ieie i?noeyie. Oae, a ?cia?euenueeiio
iaae?inoeooo? a?i noaiiaeoue 1,9; Ia?ayneaa-Oiaeueieoeueeiio – 1,7;
E??iaia?aaenueeiio iaaeoi?aa?neoao? –1,6; Oa?niinueeiio iaae?inoeooo? –
0,77 i?noeue ia 100 in?a aeaiii? oi?ie iaa/aiiy I?i i?aenoiee
ae?yeueiino? aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a o 1997 ?ioe?. ?ioi?iaoe?eiee
ca??iee I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie. –1998. -? 9. – N. 24.. A iniaeeai
aaaeeiio noai? iieieeany iaaeaaia?/ia iaoea. Ca 1991-1997 ??. /anoea
aeeeaaea/?a, ye? a?aee o/anoue o ainiaeiaia??ieo iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo
?iaioao nei?ioeeany c 5,1 aei 0,7%, ca 1995-1997 ??. ieoiia aaaa
aeeeaaea/?a – o/aniee?a aea?aeathaeaeaoieo oai aiaea c 15,2 aei 1,3%
I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie. Noaoenoe/i? aeai? aei can?aeaiiy eieaa??
i?i?noa?noaa ca i?aenoieaie 1997 ?ieo. – E., 1998. – N 231-232.;
Noaoenoe/i? aeai? aei can?aeaiiy i?i?noa?noaa ca i?aenoieaie 1994 ?ieo.
– E., 1995. – N.213.. Iaaeaaia?/ia iaoea ia iiaea ?ic?aoiaoaaoe a oae?e
i???, ye aeaye? ?io?, i? ia aea?aeaaia o?iainoaaiiy, i? ia
caoe?eaaeai?noue i?aei?e?ioe?a.

*a?ac a?aenoaaaiiy ?inoo ca?ieaoe a?ae c?inoaiiy oe?i iiaeeeaino?
i?eaeaaiiy iniiaieo i?iaeoeo?a oa?/oaaiiy ia ca?ieaoo aeeeaaea/a
iaaeo/eeeua nei?ioeeany a 4-7 ?ac?a, ia noeiaiae?th nooaeaioa – a 7-12,5
?ac?a Iioi/iee a?o?a II. Aeieoiaioe, iaae?neai? aei aeueo i?aai?a
aea?aeaaii? aeaaee c ieoaiue ina?oe. Ni?aaea ? 1/10. 1994 ??e.. Oe?a?ia
aeoeaii i?aoeth? iaae oei, uia iin?noe a?aeiia?aeia i?noea a na?oiaeo oa
?a?iiaenueeeo i?aai?caoe?yo, ? aiaeii/an ii?ooo? an? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy
Noaoono aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a, noaaeaiiai
Aaia?aeueiith eiiaaioe??th THIANEI a eenoiiaae? 1997 ?. Oi?iaeueii
ina?oo aeciaii i??i?eoaoiith noa?ith ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa,
iaaeaaia?/iei i?aoe?aieeai oi?iaeueii iaaeai? aa?aio??
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai caoenoo. I?ioa a?eueo?noue i?aaiaeo ii?i ia
ae?? /a?ac neaae?noue oe?a?inueeiai ina?oyinueeiai “eiaa?”, ui coiiaea
caeeoeiaee i?eioeei o?iainoaaiiy nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a, ye ? an??? ina?oyinueei? aaeoc?.

O?ao?e ?icae?e “Ci?ie a iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean?”, ui
neeaaea?oueny c aeaio i?ae?icae?e?a, i?enay/aiee c?ooaiiyi o ci?no?
ina?oe oa noaiiaeaiith iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie aeoiaaiiy o aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, ye? aioothoue a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

O ?aoi?ioaaii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a aecia/ia ?ieue
iaeaaeeoue ci?noo iaa/aiiy nooaeaio?a. Aoiai?caoe?y, aeaiie?aoecaoe?y,
iaoe?iiaeueia ni?yiiaai?noue, aaaaoi??aiaa?noue oa aa??aoeai?noue ?
iniiaieie i?eioeeiaie ia?aaoaeiae ci?noo iaa/aiiy.

Aieiaia ooieoe?y aeueo caeeaae?a ci?ieeany a i?aeaioiaoe? niaoe?ae?no?a
c o?aaeeoe?eii-?ioi?iaoeaii? ia oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i? iniaenoino?, ui
coiiaeaii ci?iith nioe?aeueiiai caiiaeaiiy, iio?aaith i?eaanoe ci?no
i?aeaioiaee iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a o a?aeiia?aei?noue aei nioe?aeueii?
ooieoe?? oa iaoe ina?oe. Oaoiaa iia?euei?noue oa i?ioan?eia aio/e?noue
iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a aeinyaa?oueny ca ?aooiie
aeeth/aiiy a iaa/aeuei? ieaie iiaeeeaino? io?eiaiiy iiaea?eieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae c iaeiaeiaeie aaciaeie iaa/aeueieie aeenoeeie?iaie.
Cai?iaaaeaeo?oueny i?aeoeea niaoe?ae?caoe?e (caeiaoooy iaei??? c ieo
ia?aaeaa/a?oueny iaa/aeueiei ieaiii, aeaio ? a?eueoa – ia ieaoi?e
iniia?).

Ci?no iaa/aiiy neeaaea?oueny c ii?iaoeaii? oa aea??eiai? /anoei. Ia?oa
aecia/a?oueny a?aeiia?aeiei aea?aeaaiei noaiaea?oii, ae?oaa –
aaciina?aaeiuei aeuei iaa/aeueiei caeeaaeii. A iniia? eaaeeoue
iaa/aeueiee ieai, yeee caoaa?aeaeo?oueny Aieiaiei oi?aae?iiyi aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe, aea iaa/aeuei? caeeaaee
ae?noaee i?aai ia ?ic?iaeo aeanieo aa??aio?a i?ia?ai. Iinooiiai
nei?i/o?oueny e?euee?noue iaia’yceiaeo oa c?inoa? /anoea eo?n?a ca
aeai?ii. Iaeiae ??aaiue aoaeoeaiino? ci?noo iaa/aiiy a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a ana ua caeeoa?oueny iaaeinoaoi?i. Ia aenia?eiaioaeuei?e noaae??
aein? ciaoiaeeoueny i?iaeaia ocaiaeaeaiiy ci?noo iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?a
ii/aoeiai? oeiee a iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao ?-?? oa ???-?V ??ai?a
ae?aaeeoaoe??.

A eiioaeno? ia?aoiaeo aei iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie ina?oe cai?iaaaeaeai?
eo?ne c ?noi??? Oe?a?ie, oe?a?iiciaanoaa, a?eueoa oaaae i?eae?ey?oueny
oe?a?inuee?e iia? oa e?oa?aoo??. Aoiai?oa?ecaoe?y i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiai? oeiee aeinyaa?oueny caaaeyee aeeeaaeaiith anana?oiuei?
?noi???, ?noi??? na?oiai? e a?o/eciyii? eoeueoo?e, iayaiino? nenoaie
niaoeeo?n?a ia aeueoa?iaoeai?e iniia? – c ?noi??? o?einio??,
oe?a?inueei? iie?oieia??, nioe?ieia?? oa ?io?.

O ia??iae, ui ?icaeyaea?oueny, o aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, ui
aioothoue a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, aeoeaio ?iaeany ia ia?aoiae? a?ae
?ioi?iaoe?eii-iiynithaaeueiiai aei ?acaeaath/iai, ae??aiai iaa/aiiy.
Nooi?noue inoaiiueiai iieyaa? a oiio, ui nooaeaioe ia eeoa canaiththoue
nenoaio ciaiue, a e niiniae caeiaoooy ciaiue, iniiae oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?; ia iniia? io?eiaieo ciaiue aiie ae?iaeythoue iaae/ee
naiino?eii aiae?coaaoe i?ioeane, ?aaeuei? neooaoe??. A oaeeo ianoaaeiao
c?inoa? ?ieue iaaeaaia?/ii? i?aeoeee, iio?aaa a i?aeoe/i?e
i???ioiaaiino? iaa/aiiy.

I?aeaioiaea oai?/iai oao?aoey aeiaaa? iiaeo iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e,
canoinoaaiiy aeoeaieo oi?i oa iaoiae?a iaa/aiiy: eaeoe?e c i?iaeaiiei
aeeeaaeaiiyi, ?ieueiaeo ?a?, ye? iiaeaeththoue aeeeaaeaiiy a oeie?,
aeeneon?e a iaeeo a?oiao, ?ioeo. I?ioean ia?aoiaeo aei aeoeaiiai
iaa/aiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny aeaui iia?eueii, ui coiiaeaii neaaeith
iaoiaee/iith oa iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iith aacaie. Iaaeinoaoiuei oaaae
i?eae?ey?oueny i?aai?caoe?? naiino?eii? ?iaioe nooaeaio?a.

Iaeiei c iaeaaaeeea?oeo caaaeaiue i?aeaioiaee oao?aoe?a aeey ?iaioe c
iieiaeoeie oeiey?aie ? noaiiaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeoiaaiiy. Aaeaea aac
iayaiino? oa ona?aeiieaiiy nai?? iaoe?iiaeueii? naiiaooiino? cai?noue
?ioaa?aoe?? a i?aeia?iaeia ni?aoiaa?enoai iiaea noaoeny ?ic/eiaiiy a
na?oia?e ni?eueiio?. Ua a 1989 ?. I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie ?ic?iaeei
? cai?iaaaeeei iaoe?iiaeuei? ieaie aeeeaaeaiiy an?o iaaeaaia?/ieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae. 1989 ??e aaaaea?oueny ia?aeiiiei o iiaa?iaii?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe ia iaoe?iiaeueiee a?oio.

Coneeeyie iaaeaaia?/ii? a?iiaaee, ca i?aeo?eiee I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe a
iniiaiiio noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa, caaaeaiiy, iai?yiee ia?aoai?aiue o oe?e
noa??. Ae?oeo 1994 ?. Anaoe?a?inueea iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaea ooaaeeea
Eiioeaioe?th iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeoiaaiiy. Aea a iiaeaeueoiio a noai?
?aoi?iaoi??a noaany ?iceie, aiane?aeie /iai c’yaeeeny aeaa aeieoiaioe:
“Eiioeaioe?y aeoiaaiiy ae?oae oa iieiae? o iaoe?iiaeuei?e nenoai?
ina?oe” oa “Eiioeaioe?y iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeoiaaiiy”.

Iniiaith i?aeaioiaee iaoe?iiaeueii na?aeiiiai iaaeaaiaa aenooia? ??aeia
iiaa. C 1991 ?. a?aeaoeeny iii?oi? c?ooaiiy. sseui oiae? eeoa a 40,7%
aeaaeai?/ieo a?oi o aeueo iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao
aeeeaaeaiiy cae?enithaaeinue oe?a?inueeith iiaith, oi a 1997 ?. – aaea o
80,3% I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie. Noaoenoe/i? aeai? aei can?aeaiiy
eieaa?? i?i?noa?noaa ca i?aenoieaie 1994 ?ieo. – N.238; … 1997 ?ieo. –
N.236.. I?ioa iiaia i?iaeaia inoaoi/ii ia ae??oaia: a Aa?aeyinueeiio,
Eoaainueeiio, ?cia?euenueeiio iaae?inoeoooao iaioa ye o iieiaei?
aeaaeai?/ieo a?oi aeeeaaeaiiy cae?enithaaeinue oe?a?inueeith iiaith.
Oeueiio ia?aoeiaeaeathoue niaaeueia ?aaeyinueeeo /an?a, ?in?enueeiiiaia
na?aaeiaeua a no?aeieo iaeanoyo Oe?a?ie, iaaeinoaoiy oaaaa iiai?e
iie?oeoe?.

Iiaeaeueoiai aaeineiiaeaiiy aeiaaa? aa?iii?ei?noue ii?aeiaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae. sseui a ?aaeyinuee?e
nenoai? aeoiaaiiy i??i?eoao a?aeaeaaaany aeoiaaiith a eieaeoea?, oi a
no/anieo oiiaao ia ia?oa i?noea aenoaa?oueny naia iniaeno?noue. A oiiaao
ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee aeoiaaiiy a a?eueo?e i??? iiaeiii
i???iooaaoenue ia oi?ioaaiiy e ?icaeoie ?iaeea?aeoae?noe/ieo oe?iiinoae.
C iaeyaeo ia ia?niaeoeai? caaaeaiiy ?icaeoeo ina?oe aeioe?eueii
aeoeaiooaaoe oaaao ia oi?ioaaii? oaeeo yeinoae ye ?i?oe?aoeai?noue,
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue oiui.

O Aeniiaeao i?aeaeo? i?aenoiee aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie, cae?eniai?
ocaaaeueiaiiy. Iai?ee?ioe? OO no. e?eco ia?aaeeaa? ia eeoa a?o/eciyia
ina?oa, a e ina?oa ?ioeo e?a?i ?a?iie e na?oo, ui coiiaeaia iayai?noth
i?ioe??/ i?ae ina?oith e iio?aaaie noni?euenoaa. I?ioyaii 1991-1997 ??.
a ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee
niinoa??aa?oueny ?yae iiceoeaieo oaiaeaioe?e: aeaiie?aoecaoe?y oa
aeaiie?oecaoe?y, iaaeaiiy iaa/aiith iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o, a?eueo
i?aai?/iee ca’ycie ina?oe c noni?eueieie iio?aaaie, o??ciiiai?oiaiiy
niaeo?o aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a. Cai?ioiei aieii oeeo iiceoeaieo
c?ooaiue noaei iaae?iiy nioe?aeueiiai i?anoeaeo iaaeaaia?/ieo i?ioan?e,
iaa?aeiia?aei?noue iaoa??aeueii? aace ina?oe iioeiaeueiei ii?iaoeaai ?
iio?aaai ?? i?ia?ano; iineeaiiy caeeoeiaiai i?eioeeio o?iainoaaiiy
aaeoc?.

Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ae?iaeaiee ?yae ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e
uiaei iiaeaeueoiai aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a:

– a iniiao aea?aeaaiiai caiiaeaiiy ne?ae iieeanoe ?aaeueiee iaoeiaee
i?iaiic uiaei iio?aae a o/eoaeyo ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, yeee a?aoiao?
aeaiia?ao?/io neooaoe?th a Oe?a?i? oa a ie?aieo ?? ?aa?iiao;

– ni?eyoe iioe?aiith aeueoa?iaoeaieo, iicaathaeaeaoieo oi?i caeo/aiiy
eioo?a ia aeuo ina?oo, iaaeaoe iaa/aeueiei caeeaaeai a?eueoa naiaiaee a
?o aeei?enoaii?;

– oieeiooe oi?iaeueiiai ia?aoai?aiiy iaaeo/eeeu ia iaaeeieaaeae? oa
iaae?inoeooo?a ia iaaeoi?aa?neoaoe;

– ?icoe?eoe i?aeoeeo noai?aiiy iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo eiiieaen?a;

– i?eaanoe canoinoaaiiy oe?a?inueei? oa ?ioeo iia o iaaeaaia?/ieo aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao o a?aeiia?aei?noue aei ieoiii? aaae oe?a?ioe?a oa
?ioeo aoi?/ieo a?oi o ??cieo iaeanoyo Oe?a?ie.

NIENIE IOAE?EAOe?E AAOI?A

1. Na?oiaee aeina?ae oa ?aoi?ioaaiiy iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe a
Oe?a?i? // No?ae. – 1998. – ?1-2. – N.48-52 (0,3 ae?oe.a?e.).

2. I?iaeaie no/anii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a iieiaeoeo eean?a
oe?e Oe?a?ie // No?ae. – 1998. – ? 4.- N.48-52 (0,3 ae?oe.a?e.).

3. C?ooaiiy a i?aai?caoe?? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a a Oe?a?i? a 90-o? ?iee // I?eaei?i?ianueeee iaoeiaee a?niee.
Na??y “?noi??y”. – ? 89 (156). – aeiaoaiue 1998. – N. 1-8 (0,4 ae?oe.
a?e.).

4. I?i aeaye? ieoaiiy aeoiaaiiy a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a //
Iaaeaaia?/ia nea?aieoey Aeiia//eie. – 1996. – ? 1. – N.4-5 (0,1
ae?oe.a?e.).

5. N?euenuee?e oeie? – n?euenueeee a/eoaeue // Iaaeaaia?/ia nea?aieoey
Aeiia//eie. – 1996. – ? 4. – N. 18-19 (0,1 ae?oe.a?e.).

6. A/eoaeue, aeeae c ae?oueie ia o?eueee ae?oaeii, aea e aanaei // A?a
ye aeeoo?ai iaiao?aeia iio?aaa aeeoeie: Oace aeiiia?aeae oa
iia?aeiieaiue iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai nai?ia?o “A?a ? aeeoeinoai”. –
Ieeiea?a, 1997. – N.23-24 (ni?aaaoi?e: E.A.*aeea, E.?.*oeei) (0,1
ae?oe.a?e.).

7. O/eoaeue ia/aeueiuo eeannia: ?aaeueiinoue e iaiaoiaeeiinoue //
Ia?aciaaiea a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa: i?iaeaiu, oai?ey, i?aeoeea //
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneay eiioa?aioeey. – Iaeanna, 1996. –
N.103-106 (ni?aaaoi? – E.A.*aeea) (0,2 ae?oe.a?e.).

8. Yeieiae/aneia ainieoaiea e ia?aciaaiea aoaeouaai o/eoaey ia/aeueiuo
eeannia // Nai?iee oacenia ?aaeiiaeueiie eiioa?aioeee “Yeieiae/aneia
ia?aciaaiea – i?iaeaiu e ia?niaeoeau”. – Ai?eiaea, 1996. – N. 9-10
(ni?aaaoi?e: E.A.*aeea, C.O.Ai?iieiaa) (0,1 ae?oe.a?e.).

AIIOAOe??

Nieiaeia TH.?. Nenoaia i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee Oe?a?ie
(1991-1997 ??.). – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 07.00.01 – ?noi??y Oe?a?ie. – Aeiiaoeueeee
aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao, Aeiiaoeuee, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia i?iaeai? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee a
iacaeaaei?e Oe?a?i?. A ?iaio? aeiaaaeaia iaiao?aei?noue ? iai?yiee
?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ina?oe. I?inoaaeai? ci?ie a no?oeoo?? iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a ii i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoae?a icia/aii? eaoaai???. Iaa?oioiaaiee oa
iieacaiee i?ioean ia?aoiaeo aei aacia?a?aii? nooiaiaai? ina?oe a oe?e
aaeoc?. Ia iniia? aea/aiiy noaio iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii? aace
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a, iaaeie?e?a o o?iainoaaii? ie?aneai? iiaeeea?
oeyoe aeoiaeo c e?eciaiai noaio. Aeine?aeaeai? i?iaeaie iiiaeaiiy ci?noo
iaa/aiiy oa aeoiaaiiy iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aoiai?caoe?y, aeaiie?aoecaoey, ?noi?e/i? oiiae, ?noi??y
ina?oe, iaoe?iiaeueia aeoiaaiiy, i?aeaioiaea a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a,
?aoi?ioaaiiy, nioe?aeueia caiiaeaiiy, no?oeoo?ia ia?aaoaeiaa, nooiaiaaa
ina?oa.

Solovyov Y.I. The sistem of the preparation of teachers of primary
school of Ukraine (1991-1997).

Thesis competing the degree of the Candidate of Science (History)
(specialty 07.00.01 – History of Ukraine) – Donetsk State University,
Donetsk, 1999.

Thesis competing is devoted to the problem of preparation of teachers
of primary school at independent Ukraine. At the work the necessary of
reforms of the education sister is proved, at basis of analisation of
legislative acts and with consideration of world experience its
directions are pointed. Chanqinq at the structure of education
establishments for the preparation of teachers of outlines category.
The process of transition for continuous stepped education at this
branch is motivated and explain. At the foundation of education of
condition of matarial-tecnical basis of education establishments,
defects into financement the possible ways of exit from crisis
condition are outlined. Problems of renewa of substances of the
education of future teachers of primary school.

Key words: humanisation, democracy, historical conditions, history of
education, national education, preparation of the teachers of initial
classes, reforming, social order, structural reorganisation, step
education.

Nieiaueaa TH.E. Nenoaia iiaeaioiaee o/eoaeae ia/aeueiie oeieu Oe?aeiu
(1991-1997 aa.). – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa enoi?e/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 07.00.01 – Enoi?ey Oe?aeiu. – Aeiiaoeeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao, Aeiiaoee, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia enneaaeiaaieth
i?iaeaa*****************************************************************
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**************’e9 oeieu a oneiaeyo iacaaeneiie Oe?aeiu. Ii?aaeaeaiu, eae
aeinoeaeaiey, oae e iaaeinoaoee a yoie io?anee. Iineieueeo oaea
nouanoaoao ?yae ?aaio, a eioi?uo yoa i?iaeaia inaauaaony n oi/ee c?aiey
iaaeaaiaeee, aaoi? ?anniao?eaaao aa enoi?e/aneee aniaeo. Oi anoue
iiaeaioiaea o/eoaeae ia/aeueiuo eeannia iieacaia a eiioaenoa niceaeaiey
Oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa, eae iaeia ec noa?, eioi?ay ?aoi?ie?oaony a
nayce n iiaui nioeeaeueiui caeacii.

A ?aaioa aeai e?eoe/aneee aiaeec iao/iie eeoa?aoo?u ii i?iaeaia, /oi
iineoaeeei oi/eie ion/aoa aeey i?iaaaeaiey enneaaeiaaiey. A iao/iue
iai?io aia?aua aaaaeai ?yae aeieoiaioia. I?aaeaea anaai, yoi eanaaony
oaeouaai a?oeaa Ieienoa?noaa ia?aciaaiey e ?yaea aunoeo o/aaiuo
caaaaeaiee, iaoa?eaeia ianoiuo i?aaiia ii ?oeiaiaenoao iiaeaioiaeie
o/eoaeae, a oaeaea aeieoiaioia iaeioi?uo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee e
oi?oiia.

E?eoe/aneee aiaeec nouanoaothuaai a Oe?aeia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a noa?a
ia?aciaaiey iicaieee onoaiiaeoue i?e/eiu i/aiue ieceie aai
yooaeoeaiinoe. I?e yoii ia?auaaony aieiaiea ia aai ioi?aaiiinoue io
?aaeueiie aeecie, ia/aoeinoue, iaiineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue, ionoonoaea
iaoaiecia ?aaeecaoeee eiie?aoiuo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia. Iniiauaaynue
ia iiieiaiee iauaenoi?e/aneeo caeiiiia?iinoae, ?anniio?ai ie?iaie, a oii
/enea e niaaoneee, iiuo ?aoi?ie?iaaiey nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey, /oi
iicaieeei onoaiiaeoue ia?aeeaee iaaeaeo nenoaiie iiaeaioiaee o/eoaeae a
Oe?aeia e ?acaeouo no?aiao Aa?iiu e ie?a.

?acaeoea ia?aciaaiey, eioi?ia i?eaioe?oaony ia iiaeaioiaeo o/eoaeae
ia/aeueiie oeieu, oanii oaycaii ni iiiaeie nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeie
i?iaeaiaie iauanoaa a oeaeii. Oaeea yaeaiey, eae eaoano?ioe/aneia
nie?auaiea ?iaeaeaaiinoe, nieaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiiai aeaaininoiyiey
?aaioieeia nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey, iaoneaaeeaatho iaaeaiea i?anoeaeiinoe
niaoeeaeueiinoe o/eoaey ia/aeueiuo eeannia, a oaeaea eiieo?na n?aaee
aaeoo?eaioia, eca?aaoeo niaoeeaeueiinoue “Ia/aeueiia ia?aciaaiea”.

A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeiaaiu ia?niaeoeaiua iooe ?acaeoey aunoaai
iaaeaaiae/aneiai ia?aciaaiey. Aeaiiay ?aaioa yaeyaony iaeiei ec ia?auo
iaiauathueo enneaaeiaaiee, aiaeece?othuei niaea?aeaiea i?aia?aciaaiee a
nenoaia iiaeaioiaee o/eoaeae ia/aeueiiai caaia. Eco/aia no?oeoo?iay
ia?ano?ieea a yoie noa?a, iieacaia oeaeaniia?aciinoue aiaae?aiey
nooiai/aoie iiaeaioiaee o/eoaeae ieaaeoeo eeannia. Aaoi? n/eoaao
aeinoaoi/ii ia?niaeoeaiie ia iooe ia?aoiaea e iai?a?uaiiio ia?aciaaieth
eaeath nicaeaiey eiiieaenia eae oeaio?ia iaaeaaiae/aneiai ia?aciaaiey e
iaoee. ?anniio?aiu iieiaeeoaeueiua e io?eoeaoaeueiua noi?iiu i?ioeanna
i?aia?aciaaiey /anoe iaaeo/eeeu a iaaeeieeaaeaee, a iaaeeinoeoooia – a
iaaeoieaa?neoaou. Iaeiaei iaaeaaiae/aneia ia?aciaaiea Oe?aeiu iaoiaeeony
a ia/aea i/a?/aiiiai iooe. Ca no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieeie ia anaaaea noiyo
eciaiaiey a niaea?aeaiee ia?aciaaiey, oi anoue i?aia?aciaaiey ia?aaeei
iinyo oi?iaeueiue oa?aeoa?.

Enneaaeiaaiu i?iaeaiu iaoa?eaeueiiai iaania/aiey ia?aciaaoaeueiuo
caaaaeaiee, iiaua niiniau oeiaine?iaaiey e iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai
iaania/aiey, noaiaiue eo yooaeoeaiinoe.

?anniio?aiu eciaiaiey a niaea?aeaiee ia?aciaaiey, i?iaaaeaii n?aaiaiea
o/aaiuo ieaiia ?acee/iuo oeiia aunoeo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee,
inouanoaeythueo iiaeaioiaeo o/eoaeae ia/aeueiuo eeannia. A ?aaioa oaeaea
iaicia/aiu iai?aaeaiey oi?ie?iaaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey,
aa i?aeiieaiea a aunoai iaaeaaiae/aneii ia?aciaaiee. Iniiaie ainieoaiey
yaeyaony ?iaeiie ycue, a ioiioaiee oiio?aaeaiey eioi?iai a Oe?aeia
nouanoaotho i?iaeaiu. A /anoiinoe, a iaeioi?uo aocao, /oi iniaaiii
eanaaony ainoiea no?aiu, iaaeinoaoi/iia aieiaiea oaeaeaii i?aiiaeaaaieth
ia oe?aeineii ycuea.

Iao/iay iiaecia ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey ninoieo a iaiauaiee i?ioeanna
?aoi?ie?iaaiey nenoaiu ii iiaeaioiaea iaaeaaiaia ia/aeueiie oeieu.
Aia?aua aiaeece?oaony i?aeoe/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue ia
iauaainoaea?noaaiiii e ianoiii o?iaiyo a ioiioaiee iiaeaioiaee
iiiai/eneaiiie e nioeeaeueii cia/eiie a?oiiu – o/eoaeae ia/aeueiie
oeieu. Aeenna?oaio aeae e?eoe/aneee aiaeec caeiiiaeaoaeueiie iniiau
ia?aciaaiey, iaeioi?uo iiaaoi?neeo oaaia ainoaea?noaa a yoie noa?a.

Ii eoiaai i?iaaaeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey aaoi? naeaeae ?yae i?aeoe/aneeo
?aeiiaiaeaoeee, o/ao eioi?uo iicaieeo ?aoeoue iaeioi?ua i?iaeaiu
iiaeaioiaee o/eoaeae ia/aeueiuo eeannia.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aoiaiecaoeey, aeaiie?aoecaoeey, enoi?e/aneea oneiaey,
enoi?ey ia?aciaaiey, iaoeeiiaeueiia ainieoaiea, iiaeaioiaea o/eoaeae
ia/aeueiuo eeannia, ?aoi?ie?iaaiea, nioeeaeueiue caeac, no?oeoo?iay
ia?ano?ieea, nooiai/aoia ia?aciaaiea.

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