.

Сонети Д.Павличка. Поетика жанру: Автореф. дис… канд. філол. наук / Т.О. Савчин, Нац. пед. ун-т ім. М.П.Драгоманова. — К., 1999. — 20 с. — укp.

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IAOe?IIAEUeIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

IIAII I. I. Ae?AAIIAIIAA

NAA*EI Oaoyia Ieaenaiae??aia

OAeE 883.04-193.3

NIIAOE Ae.IAAEE*EA. IIAOEEA AEAI?O

10.01.01 – oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii.

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e
Oa?iii?euenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iaii
Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea, Iiiinoa?noai inaioe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? AI?AeAI Ieaia
Aeieo??aia

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? AOEssE Aiaoie?e
Ai?eniae/, Iaoeiiiaeueiee iaaeaaiai/iee oiiaa?neoao iiaii I.I.
Ae?aaiiaiiaa, i?ioani? eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e

eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio EI?I?E*OE Aaea??e Naiaiiae/,
Euea?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iaii ?.O?aiea, aeioeaio eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei?
eioa?aoo?e

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana
Oaa/aiea, eaoaae?a inoi?i? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e OOnoieiooy,
Iiiinoa?noai inaioe Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 28 ni/iy 2000 ?. i 16 aiae. 30 oa. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 26.053.04 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iaii I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa:

01030, i. Ee?a, aoe. Ie?iaiaa, 9.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iaii I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa: 01030, i. Ee?a,
aoe. Ie?iaiaa, 9.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 27 a?oaeiy 1999 ?.

O/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee I.I. Aaeueiia

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Inoaii?i /anii c’yaeeiny /eiaei i?aoeue
i?i niaoeeo?eo ie?aieo aeai?iaeo oi?i (iiaeeo?eaoe?e oa ??ciiaeae?a), ?o
?icaeoie, i?i oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie aeai??a ye no?oeoo?ii-i?aai?coth/iai
ia/aea. Ioaea, ? iniiaa aeey aiae?co aeai?iaeo oi?i aei?iaeo oai?/i?
?iaeea?aeoaeueiino?, aea/aiiy oeiieia?? aeai?iaeo nenoai e?oa?aoo?ieo
aiio, cie?aia e nenoaie niiaoiiai aeai?o, yeee, c iaeyaeo ia nai?
700-e?oi? ?nioaaiiy, caciaa ea?aeeiaeueieo ci?i o oi?i? ? ci?no?. ? ana
ae o?aaeeoe?eieie caeeoathoueny ni?aaaaeeea? ia??eaiiy ia iaaeinoaoith
oai?aoe/io ?ic?iaeo iaoe?iiaeueii? i?e?iaee niiaoa.

Caneoae Ae. Iaaee/ea o a?ae?iaeaeaii? ? caaaa/aii? aeai?o niiaoa,
iaiiaiaii? eiai na?aeeie a?iiaaenueei-?ioeiieie iano?iyie,
o?einionueeeie iioeaaie aeineoue aaaii?. Niiaoiee aei?iaie Ae. Iaaee/ea
yaey? niaith oe?iiee iaoa??ae ? aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee iie?oeee, eoeueoo?e
? caaaeueii? aoiinoa?e a Oe?a?i? o ?iee a?eueoiaeoeueeeo ?ai?an?e,
canoith ? a?ae?iaeaeaiiy. Ia aeaeue, iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeaei ia
aaeaeaaoi? iinoao? Ae. Iaaee/ea ? o?e ?ie?, yeo a?ae?a?aa a?i o
aeooiaiiio caaaa/aii? iaoe??; oaeoe/ii, iaia? ua niaoe?aeueiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?i aeai?iao niaoeeo?eo e no?oeoo?o niiaoa ye
i?ea?iaeueii? e naiiaeinoaoiuei? anoaoe/ii? nenoaie. Ia?aaaaeia
a?eueo?noue i?aoeue iaienaia a ?aaeyinueeee /an, eiee ooaeiaei?
o?aeooaaiiy iiaeaaaeeny a ?aeaieia?/ii aai iie?oe/ii ea?iaaiiio
aa??aio?, iaoeia? ?aoeaioe?? caeaaeaee a?ae eiie?aoieo iie?oe/ieo
aeieo?ei oa oe?iiinoae, a anoaoe/i? aeoeaioe iinooiaeeny ?nioth/ei
iie?oe/iei aeii?iaioai.

Oaeei /eiii, ni?iaa i?iaiae?coaaoe ooaeiaeith ?aaeuei?noue, ia?acio
aeeiai?eo ienoaoeueeiai na?oo Ae. Iaaee/ea e??cue i?ecio ??aiy
aeiaa?oaiino? oai?o, nooiaiy ?ic?iaeaiino? eiai
no?oeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo canaae, i?aai?/iino? e naiiaooiino?
eiioeaiooaeueieo aaeoi??a, a?aeiia?aeiino? ooaeiaeiuei? i?aeoeee ieooey
eiai e?oa?aoo?ii-anoaoe/iei oiiaeiaaiiyi oa i??i?eoaoai,
eiioeaiooaeueiiai oa a?o?oaeoii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ooaeiaeieea ?
aeooaeueiith.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeena?oaoe??. E?eoe/iee aiaeic e?oa?aoo?e, aeioe/ii?
o??th /e ?ioith i??ith aei aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie, na?ae/eoue i?i
iaaeinoaoith oaaao aeine?aeiee?a aei niiaoa??th Ae. Iaaee/ea. O
aeena?oaoei? aeei?enoaii i?aeoiaee iia?oi?o oai??e, ia?aaeon?i
ineoiaiae?co, ?aoeaioeaii? anoaoeee, aa?iaiaaoeee, cai?iiiiiaaii
eiioeaioe?th aioo??aeai?iai? oeiieia?? niiaoieo oeeee?a Ae. Iaaee/ea,
?ice?eoi i?eioeeie oeeee?caoe??, o?aaeeoe?e oa iiaaoi?noaa, aeai?iao
niaoeeo?eo iaaee/e?anueeiai niiaoa, aeeneo?n niiaoiiai ieneaiiy iiaoa,
ie?aneaii noeoii?noue iciae i?aai?caoe?? eiie?aoiiai oai?o, aea eiaeiee
na?iaio ? eiiiiiaio ia? nai? anoaoe/ia i?noea ? aaao. AEai?iaa no?oeoo?a
niiao?a Ae. Iaaee/ea ye iniaeeaa anoaoe/ia ?aei?noue o nenoaiiiio
aniaeo? ?icaeyaea?oueny aia?oa, ui iaoiiaeth? ?? iiaecio.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiioaaeiny ye neeaaeiaa /anoeia eiiieaenii? oaie
“AEai?iaa nenoaia oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e O?O-OO noie?ooy”, iaae yeith
i?aoeth? eieaeoea eaoaae?e ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e
Oa?iii?euenueeiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iaii Aieiaeeie?a
Aiaothea.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? niiaoi? oeeeee Ae. Iaaee/ea: “Euea?anuee?
niiaoe”, “A?e? niiaoe”, “Ee?anuee? niiaoe”, “Niiaoe iiae?euenueei?
inai?”; ?icae?ee eiea, ui aeeth/athoue niiaoi? oai?e: “Caaeeaeaiee a
aoaeoueio”, “Oa?iieoey oaiai iaee//y”, “C ieioeeo e?o”, “A??o? c
aeieiioa”, “Aac iiinoe ? e?ia?”, “Iieayii? inaeie”.

Iaoa ?iaioe – c’ynoaaoe iniaeeainoi niiaoiiai aei?iaeo ye i?ea?iaeueiiai
aeyao ia?aciiai ieneaiiy Ae. Iaaee/ea, oeiieia?/ii? nii??aeiaiino? oa
eiai ?ioa?oaenooaeueiiai iiey ia oe? ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeiai ienueiainoaa
ae?oai? iieiaeie XX a?eo.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe ?aaeiciaaii oaei caaaeaiiy:

1) aeineiaeaeaii aeoiee oa aaiethoe?th niiaoiiai ieneaiiy Ae. Iaaee/ea;

2) aenaioeaii ca’ycee iiaoa c eiai e?oa?aoo?ieie iiia?aaeieeaie e
no/anieeaie, aieea ia iueiai niiaoii? oai?/ino? I. O?aiea ?
I. ?eeuenueeiai;

3) ?ice?eoi aeai?iaa oa oaiaoe/ia aaaaonoai niiaoa??th Ae. Iaaee/ea,
aaiethoe?th oi?ie oa ia?aciiai na?oo;

4) aecia/aii no?oeoo?o niiaoa, ui ii?aeiaea a nia? oaiaeaioe??,
oa?aeoa?i? aeey oiai/anii? ?a?iiaenueei? e?oa?aoo?e, iiaaoi?noai ieooey
a nthaeaoiaoaeoaaii?, o aeei?enoaii? i?eeiio eiio?anoiiai iiioaaeo,
ia?aciiai ieneaiiy ? noeeth;

5) ie?aneaii cia/aiiy niiaoa??th Ae. Iaaee/ea o aeai?iaiio caaaa/aii?
no/aniiai oe?a?inueeiai ienueiainoaa.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeena?oaoe?? ? a/aiiy I. Ca?iaa,
I. Ea/o?ianueeiai, I. ?eeuenueeiai, Ae. Iaaee/ea, I. O?aiea;
E.-?. Aaoa?a, I. Ii?ica, I. Oea/aiea i?i aeai?iao i?e?iaeo niiaoa oa
aaiieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy eiai niaoeeo?ee a ?a?ii?: Ia?o?ia
Aaeaeaaaa?a, Aaina-Aai?aa Aaaeaia?a, Aieueoaaiaa ?ca?a, Ceaioiaea
O?ieaea, a oaeiae iaoeia? i?aoe? oe?a?inueeeo ? ca?oa?aeieo ?noi?ee?a ?
oai?aoee?a e?oa?aoo?e, aeine?aeiee?a niiaoa??th Ae. Iaaee/ea:
TH. Aa?aaaoa, ?. A?ii’yea, ?. Aeaienthea, A. Aeii/eea,
I. ?eueieoeueeiai, I. Iacaie, A. Iaea?iaa, E. Ieeaii?iai?, O. Naeeae,
A. Neaieiiy oa ?i.

Oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui ?acoeueoaoe e
aeniiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aeei?enoiaoaaoeny a iiaeo oai?aoe/ieo ?
eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ieo nooae?yo o aaeoc? iiaoeee aeai?o; o iaienaii?
i?ae?o/ieea c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e XX noie?ooy aeey
iaaeaaia?/ieo aoc?a oa na?aaei?o oe?e, a oaeiae i?ae /an aeeeaaeaiiy
eo?no ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e o aocao, o niaoeeo?nao ?
niaoenai?ia?ao, i?e aeeiiaii? nooaeaioaie eo?niaeo oa aeeieiiieo ?ia?o.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe i?ioiaeeea oeyoii ?? iaaiai?aiiy ia eaoaae?? ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e Oa?iii?euenueeiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
iiaii Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea; aeaieioaiiy ?? iieiaeaiue ia iaoeiaeo
aoc?anueeeo eiioa?aioe?yo o i. Oa?iiiie? (1997, 1998, 1999),
i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? o Ee?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? Oa?ana
Oaa/aiea (1998). Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeeeaaeai? o /ioe?ueio ioaeieaoeiyo oa iiiia?ao??.

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa nieneo aeei?enoaii? eioa?aoo?e.
Caaaeueiee ianya oaenoo 172 noi??iee. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae
noaiiaeoue 220 iiceoeie.

Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??

O anooi? ia??oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue aeena?oaoe?eii? oaie, ??
iaoeiaa iiaecia; aecia/a?oueny ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaei iai?yieii
eaoaae?e; eiie?aoecothoueny iaoa ? iinoaaeai? caaaeaiiy, aeaea?aea ?
iaoiaeieia?y; aeacothoueny iiaeeeaino? i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy
iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a; a?aecia/athoueny oeyoe ?o ai?iaaoe?? c
i?iaeaiaoeee aeena?oaoe??; aea?oueny no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoeieiiai
aeineiaeaeaiiy.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “?noi?e/iee aeeneo?n niiaoiiai aeai?o”
?icaeyaeathoueny aeoiee niiaoa??th Ae. Iaaee/ea, ?ioa?an yeiai aei
aeai?o niiaoa ciaeoia na?e eiioeaiooaeueiee aeya o iiaoe/i?e oai?/ino?,
ia?aeeaaeaoeoa?, iaoeia?e i?aoe?. Aa?o/e aei oaaae ia`?eoeaio (noiniaii
niaoeeo?ee i?aaeiaoa iiac??) ? noa`?eoeaio (anoaoe/iee ?aeaae) noi?iie
?icaeoeo e?oa?aoo?iiai aeai?o a /an?, Ae. Iaaee/ei aeiaia, ui niiao
“aeeaa, ? ae??, ? ieneeoue ? a?ae/oaa? ii-no/aniiio, yaeyth/e aaaaonoai,
aio/e?noue ? iiaoooy oe?a?inueei? iiae” .

O ?icaeiei i?inoaaeo?oueny noeoii?noue e?oa?aoo?ieo eiioaeo?a, ca’yce?a,
?iioeuen?a, i???ioaoe?e ? aieea?a, i?ioan?eii-e?oa?aoo?ieo ?ioa?an?a,
iinooiiai ?ice?eaath/e “e?oa?aoo?io naiina?aeii?noue”
Ae. Iaaee/ea-iiaoa-”e?oa?aoi?a”, a ooaeiaeiueiio ieneaii? yeiai, ii?yae
c aaciina?aaei?ie aeeoo?aeie a?aaeaiiyie, e?oa?aoo?i? ?iioeuene caaaeaee
iin?aeaee cia/ia i?noea.

O aeineiaeaeaiii c?iaeaii aeeneo?n ?noi??? oe?a?inueeiai niiaoa, eiai
iiaeeo?eaoe?? – a?ae 30-40-o ?ie?a (A. Iaoeeinueeee, I. Oaoeaae/,
I. Oieaioeueeee), ae?oai? iieiaeie O?O no. (I. Eoe?o, I. Noa?eoeueeee)
aei niiaoa e?ioey noie?ooy I. O?aiea, yeee oia?oa a oe?a?inuee?e
e?oa?aoo?? caii/aoeoaaa ia’?aeiaiiy niiao?a o oaiaoe/i? oeeeee (“A?euei?
niiaoe”, “Oth?aii? niiaoe” oa ?i.), caa?ioany aei ?iciia?aeii? iaia?e,
ae?aeia?a, ?eoi?e/ieo ieoaiue oa ieeee?a, ??ii??, aoii?o e naoe?e,
i?aeoe/ii aeia?aoe iaae/a?ii?noue aeai?o o a?aeoai?aii? aeooo aiioe oa
aaoi?nueei? nioe?aeueii-anoaoe/ii? iiceoe??. Ia caeeoeeeny iica oaaaith
e no/anieee oa o/i? ?. O?aiea: O. Ai?aeoeye, I. Ai?iiee, Oeyia
E?aa/aiei, Ieaia I/?eea, A. Nai?eeaiei, Eany Oe?a?iea, N. *a?iaoeueeee,
I. *a?iyanueeee, A. Uo?ao, oa ?io?, ye? ?iaeee ni?iao iiaioaaoe neeaaeio
no?ioo niiaoa. Eieinaeuei? iiaeeeaino? ?ioaeaeooae?caoe?? ? i?aeianaiiy
??aiy iiaoe/iiai ieneaiiy niiaoiiai aeai?o a?ae/oee oe?a?inuee? iiaoe
ii/aoeo OO no.

E?oa?aoo?ia neooaoe?y a Oe?a?i? 20-o ??. aoea iaaecae/aeii neeaaeiith c
iaeyaeo ia ni?a?nioaaiiy ? nai???aeio aca?iiae?th ??cieo
?aeaeii-noeeueiaeo oa/?e: aaciaae?eii cai?ci?eee neiaie?ci (Ae. Caaoe,
ss. Naa/aiei, I. Ne?na?aiei, I. Oa?auaiei, I. Oe/eia, A. ss?ioaiei);
oooo?eci (Einoue Ao?aa?e, A. Eieyaea, A. Iie?uoe, I. Naiaiei,
A. Oeo?oi?e); iaieeaneoeeci (Inaaeueae Ao?aa?aeo, I. Ae?ae-Oia?a,
I. Ca?ia, I.?eeuenueeee) oiui. I?ae ?o ia?ii niiao caciaa iaaoaaeiai
?icea?oo, aea ia iaaeiaai niiaoia oi?ia ia aienoaaeany a “e?ao”
?aeaieia?th. Iaieeanee?a caeioaaoeee a iiiceoe?? aei ?aaeyinueei?
aeaaee, a iai?e?iaeiino? na?oia?ae/oooy ? i?iiaaaiae? nei?/aii? aaii??
ao?aeoac??.

O noaeaeaiiyo aeine?aeiee?a oeo ?ie?a aeai? niiaoa o?aeooaaany ye
ao?aeoaciee, a?enoie?aoe/iee, ui a?aeaeaaa ae??ai? i?uainuee? ii/oooy. O
aacaoieo “naioaioe?yo” aacaiaeyoe?eii cayaeyee, ui “niiao iae?athoue
nia? ca ca?ith iaoe?iiae-oaoenoe, i?oeoaainoaoth/? anoaoe e i?noeee”,
aei yeeo ianaiia?aae ca?aooaaee iaieeanee?a. I?ea?/iee?a niiaoa noaei
ae?ae iaei. O ooaeiaei?e ? e?eoe/i?e e?oa?aoo?? a oeae ia??iae
nioe?aeueia caaiaaaeiaai?noue ienoaoeoaa ye o?einionueei-anoaoe/ia
i?iaeaia aoea ae?ae caoeueaa?eciaaiith ? ii noo? caaaeaiith iai?aaoeue,
ui a ooaeiaei?e i?aeoeoe? iaa?ioeiny iaioaaiiyi aa?aa?nueeeo,
aioo??oiuei aaceoeueoo?ieo oi?i aiieiaaoecaoe?? a?eueoiaeoeueei? aeaaee,
aeyaeaieo o aeeeiio aeeaeoeci? noeeth aiioe.

O na?aaeei? 30-o ?ie?a noae?inuee? ?ai?an?? aecia/eee aeieth aeai?o ?
aaaaoueio niiaoeno?a – eiioeoaai?aie, a’ycieoeyie, no?aoaie. Oaeey
?ai?an?e, ui iaoeeioea ia oe?a?inueeo ?ioae?aaioe?th a 30-i ?iee,
iiaeeioea e?oa?aoo?iiai oooo?ieiaa A.*aieth, I. Ca?iaa, I. Oeeeiiae/a,
I. Ai?iiiai, A. Ieeeiaiea oa ?i., aea ia aaeea aai niiaoii? eoeueoo?e,
i?euaieaiee oe?a?inuee?e iiac?? I. O?aieii, I. Ca?iaei, I. ?eeuenueeei.

I?ney “yeiaeo” ia niiaoe 40-o ?ie?a o ianooii? aeanyoee?ooy aaaiiee
no?oi?iue niiaoiienaiiy aiinyoue A. Ae/ei, I. Aiiaea?/oe,
I. A?ia?aiianueeee, I. Ai?iiueei, ?. Aii/a?aiei, A. A?ei/oe, ?. Ae?a/,
A. Eieii??oeue, O. Eieii??oeue, I. Eeoaeiaoeue, A. Iaeeoei, A. Ia/a?aea,
I. Inaae/oe, Ae. Iaaee/ei, N. Oaeueithe ? aaaaoi ?ioeo. O ?iaioi
i?inoaaeaii neeaaeiee oeyo Ae. Iaaee/ea aei “aoiiii? ae?aiaoo?a??”
niiaoa – a?ae oi?ioaaiiy niiaoiiai ieneaiiy /a?ac iaoeia? nooae??
niiao?a ?. O?aiea a ani??aionuee? ?iee, ciaeiinoaa c I. ?eeuenueeei aae
aei “I?aaaea eee/a” (1957).

Oioae?oa?ia nenoaia i?aaaee ia ethaeea. Oiio aanue iaeeaae ca??ee
“I?aaaea eee/a” aeeo/aii c oaeeoeo, a ?? aaoi?a i?aeaeaii ieu?ai?e
e?eoeoe? ia V c’?cae? ienueiaiiee?a Oe?a?ie. O?eueee caaaeyee
“iieayiith” aaoi?a ? aaeeeith i??ith iiaeo?eioei I. ?eeuenueeiai 1961
?ieo aeeoea ca??ea “Aeno?eia”, a yeie oi?uaii e niiaoi? oai?e iiaoa, –
aeaa oeeeee “A?aeainuee? niiaoe” oa “Aeueoa ? iiaaa” (“Ia /aoao”, 1968);
1978 ?ieo c’yaeeany ie?aia eieaa “Niiaoe”. I?ioa aae /a?ac 30 ?ieia
(1988) o o?eoiiia aeaeaiiy ai?uaii oaanue niiaoiee aei?iaie iiaoa ?
?ai?oa caai?iiai? oai?e, a oiio /ene? e “Eiee iiia? e?eaaaee
Oi?eaaiaaea”.

Iiaoe/iee na?o Aeieo?a Iaaee/ea – iaaecae/aeii yne?aaee ? aaaaoia?aiiee,
i?ioa e neeaaeiee, ye ? /an, a yeee iiao oi?ioaaany, a?aeaeoie yeiai
ciaoiaeeii ? a niiaoiienaii? (eaeaoueny ia i?i i?yia, a i?i
ia?acii-aiioe?eia eiai ae?aaeaiiy). Oaea ia ii/aoeo e?oa?aoo?iiai oeyoo
i?iyaeeany oe?i/iiue ?ioa?an?a e aia?a?y iieiaeiai iiaoa, eiai ii?ea ia
o?eueee ioiieoe iiae??, ?icae?eai? /anii ? aaia?ao??th, a e aei?iaoaaoe
naaa a ??cieo aeai?ao.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Iiaoeea eiiiiceoe?? niiaoiiai aeai?o Ae. Iaaee/ea”
aeine?aeaeothoueny aeai?ioai?/? ? oeeeeioai?/? /eiieee. C’yniaaii
iiaaoi?noai iiaoa a ?icaeoeo ae?aaiueiai aeai?o, aieiaiei /eiii oa iiaa,
ui iia?aeaa ia?iaeia? ? na?oia? iiao o iiiaae aeaio nioiyo i?ea?iaeueieo
niiao?a, ui aa?eoee a oeeeee: “Euea?anuee? niiaoe” (1958), “A?e? niiaoe”
(1968), “Niiaoe iiae?euenueei? inai?” (1973) , “Ee?anuee? niiaoe”
(1978), e?eueea niiao?a inoaiiuei? ca??ee “Iieayiii? inaeie” (1994).
Niiaoia ieneaiiy Ae. Iaaee/ea caciaaaei ci?i, ooi/ithaaeiny,
iiiaethaaeiny e caaaa/oaaeiny, ye ? eiai na?oiaeyae.

O i?ioean? oai?/i? i?aeoeee Ae. Iaaee/ea i?inoaaeaii a?aeoeeaiiy “a?ae
naiiai naaa” (A. Caieye) ? iiaa?iaiiy aei ia?oiiniiae, aei
naiinoaa?aeaeaiiy. Anoaoe/ia ieaooi?ia Ae. Iaaee/ea cia/iith i??ith
nie?aeany ia aeina?ae ?.O?aiea ? I.?eeuenueeiai, iiaooiy oai?/a
?iaeea?aeoaeuei?noue yeeo i?aeeacaea eiio nai?, i?ea?iaeueia ? aeeaiea
ae??oaiiy ieoaiue ?aeaeiiai ? oai?/iai naiiaecia/aiiy. Iiao aenooiaa ia
eeoa ye iineiaeiaiee i?aeoee i ia?aeeaaea/, a e ye oai?aoee oeueiai
aeai?o. Ciaiaiii, ui ia?o? niiaoe Aeieo?i Iaaee/ei iaienaa 1956 ?ieo –
i?ney caaa?oaiiy eaiaeeaeaonueei? aeena?oaoe?? i?i niiaoe ?. O?aiea
(1955), iiai?noth aeio?eioth/enue eaiii?/ieo i?eioeei?a aoaeiae niiaoa,
aeeeaaeaieo o oai?aoe/ieo i?aoeyo aaoi?a “Oth?aiieo niiao?a” oa eiai
ooaeiaei?e i?aeoeoe?. Ca?eiiaaio I. O?aieii aeao?i?oe?th oi?ie niiaoa,
Ae. Iaaee/ei iacaa “aa?iith, aea ia oi/iith”, ? aeiiiaieoue naiai
a/eoaey anoaiiaeaiiyi caoeiai? neiao??? a eao?aiao, “cao?aiiyi” ??, /e,
oi/i?oa aeoai?aiiyi c ia? iiaiai, aneiao?e/iiai caoeiaiai iaethiea a
oa?oeaoao”.

Oi?ioth/enue ia o?aaeeoe?yo nai?o iiia?aaeiee?a, Ae. Iaaee/ei aaeaei
ii?aeioaaa eeane/io oi?io c iiaei niiniaii iiaoe/iiai ieneaiiy,
iaenoa?i?noue – c /?oei ie?aneaieie noeeueiaeie ia?enaie ? aeaniei
iiaoe/iei aa/aiiyi; aaaaoith iaoaoi?e/i?noth, ia?acieie caniaaie,
i?eeiiaie. Ae. Iaaee/ei ia?oee oai?aoe/ii ia??oiooaaa iiiyooy niiaoa ye
14-?yaeeiai? no?ioe ? niiaoa ye aeai?o ? aeaa iaeaeaa ?o c?acee. Aiae?c
ie?aieo oeeeeia (“?aai O?aiei”, “A?aeainuee? ea?oeie”, “A?aiineia”),
ia’?aeiai? iaeiei ?aeaeii-oaiaoe/iei ci?noii, ?ici??ii oa ia?acaie,
14-?yaeeiaith no?ioith, aeicaiey? c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i ie?aio a?oio
niiaoa Ae. Iaaee/ea ye iaoaaeai?o (niiaoa-iiaie, niiaoa-aei?iaeieo
caienie, niiaoa-aaeaaee, niiaoa-i?eo/? oiui). Oa e nai Ae. Iaaee/ei o
ia?aaeiia? aei “Na?oiaiai niiaoa” i?aeoe/ii i?aeoaa?aeaeo? naith
oai?aoe/io oaco: “Niiao – iaeiaioee ae?aiaoo?a?eiee aeai?. Aiaeii/an
caeaaeii a?ae iio?aae a?i iiaea aooe ii?o?aoii aai iaeith, ?iaaeoeaith
aai niia?aeaeth, iaecaaeai aai noeneei o?einionueeei o?aeoaoii”.

A?eueo?noue niiao?a Ae. Iaaee/ea iaienai? i’yoenoiiiei yiaii. Oa a
niiao? “Oaiiaiee e?eoeeo” iiao, ??ii?coth/e, aaeeaa? oanoenoiiiee yia;
ii?ooo? o?aaeeoe?eia ?eioaaiiy a eao?aiao: cai?noue ia?ao?aniiai /e
e?eueoeaaiai – iiii?eie (i?eoaiaii? ia?aaaaeii no?aei?e iiac??): ia?oee
eao?ai – AAAA; ae?oaee – AAAA; oa?oeaoia ae ?eioaaiiy – o?aaeeoe?eia,
iia’ycaia iaei??th ni?eueiith ?eiith (aaa – aaae). Iiae?aia ?eioaaiiy o
eao?aiao niinoa??aa?oueny o “Niiao?” I.Aiia?aiianueeiai – AAAA – AAAA,
N.Ai?aeeinueeiai (“Aa?ae ? e?i??”, “Ao?oie”, “Neiaa ia eaiai?” oa ?i.).

E?eoe/iee iaoin niiaoa Ae. Iaaee/ea “Oaiiaiee e?eoeeo…”, iaienaiiai
1957 ?ieo, ia?aaoeo?oueny c O?aieiaei “Ai?eiaii” oa niiaoii
aiae?enueeiai iiaoa O?O no. Ai?aenai?oa “Ia i?ace?ae niiaoa, e?eoee”,
yeiai ia?aeeaaeaa Ae. Iaaee/ei. O niiao? a?aeaoaa?oueny ii?aeueiee noae
e??e/ii? iniaenoino? iaae nai?i “ss”, ye ? iaae aa?iyie a ?ioeo oai?ao,
– aaceiii?ii?niee ? iauaaeiee.

Ooaeiaeiy oai?/?noue Ae. Iaaee/ea ? iaeia?aeiieea?oei aeieacii oiai, ui
oai?/ee ?icaeoie o?aaeeoe?e o ienoaoeoa? oa?oue o nia? iaae/a?ii?
iiaeeeaino? caaaa/aiiy iiaoe/ii? oi?ie, yea a?aaea? iacae/aeiith
aaaaoiiai?oi?noth aeai?iai-eiiiiceoe?eieo ??ciiaeae?a niiaoa:
iaaeeoaoeaiiai ?iciia?aeiiai; ieoo?ai-e??e/iiai inyyiiy; aeaooo /oooy,
e??e/iiai aeeaiieno, ia?aaeeaaiiy-niiaaaeo; ae?oaeiueiai iineaiiy oiui.
Iiao ia?aaea? aeinoiei?noue, oe?ii?noue oe??? ooaeiaeiuei? oi?ie,
a?aeiia?aeii aei nai?o iiaeyaeia ia ienoaoeoai, a?aeoai?thth/e neeaaeiee
? noia?a/eeaee i?ioean oai??iiy niiaoiiai aeai?o, yeee neoaeeoue
ienoaoeoao, /eno?e ? i?ino?e e?an?.

Caa??aath/e a??i?noue eaiii?/i?e oi?i?, Ae. Iaaee/ei “iiieiaeaeo?” ??,
iaeeaaeath/e a?aeaeoie aeanii? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiino?. Iiaeia iacaaoe
iae??ciiiai?oi?o? oeie eiiiiceoe?eii? i?aai?caoe?? ? noeeueiai?
no?oeoo?e niiaoa, oa aecia/aeueiith ? i?eioeeiiai aaaeeeaith ye?noth
eiai iiaoeee neiae aaaaeaoe o?e?a?aii?noue no?iai? oi?ie ? iaiiaiaiiy ??
iiaei ci?noii.

sse oai?/a iniaeno?noue ? ye a?iiaaeyiei, Ae. Iaaee/ei ae??ciyany
neeueiei aia?a?eiei neiaii, i?e/aoi?noth aei noni?eueiiai aeeooy, ui ?
aecia/eei eiai iiaaoi?noai. Eiai iiac?y – oea aeno?aaeaeaia, ia?aaeeoa ?
ia?aaieaia eiioeaioe?y iiaoa ? iao??ioa, iaa?aeae?eueia a?ae
iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?ieo ciaa?a ia?iaeo. Ca?aene – oaea aaaaonoai
aeai?iaeo ae??oaiue: ooo ? ?icai?ioo?, aaaaoio?ao?i? iaii?aie, ? ieoo?a?
aeo/i? caiaeueiaee, ? iaoini?, iaeia? – /e oi aee?eaaeuei?, /e oi
ooaa?aeaeoth/? – no?ioe, ? ae?aiaoe/i? aaeaaee, ? i?eo/?, i aeaa?ei?
ina?ae/aiiy, i?ni? ? ?iiaine, niiaoe e ?oaa?, iiaie ? eacee – aae aei
iieayiieo inaei?a.

Oi?ia niiaoa Ae. Iaaee/ea a?aaea? ??ciiiai?oi?noth no?io?ee, iao?eee,
?eoi?ee. Ooo ia?ii ? eaiii?/i? niiaoe, ieoaae, naenoeie, ? oe?eeii
i?ea?iaeuei? no?io?/i? iiaoaeiae, ? i’yoenoiii? a?e? yiae, ui aeaaaee
aaeeeee i?ino?? aeey aeoiee oa iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy i?aoi?nueeeo ?
?iciiaieo ?ioiiaoe?e, ?icia?oeo oi?i aa?e?a?o.

Caa?oaiiy aei ii?aeueii-aoe/ii? i?iaeaiaoeee ?icoe?thaaei ?
iiaeeaethaaei o?einionueeee no?oi?iue o eiai iiac??, coiiaethaaei
iaiao?aei?noue aeei?enoaiiy aciiiai? iiae. O?einionueei-anoaoe/iee
eiiiiiaio na?oiaeyaeo iiaoa, yeee aeeaeoueny ciaiiyi na?oiai?
ooaeiaeiuei? i?aeoeee, ia?iaeii? oai?/ino?, ? iaea?eueo i?aai?/iei aeey
oai?/iai iaoiaeo ieooey. Oea iniiai? aocee iiaoeee ienueiaiieea, ye?
aeathoue i?ino?? eiai oya? aai neiaothoue ??.

?aeo/e ca i?eeeaaeii naiai a/eoaey, Ae. Iaaee/ei aaea?oueny aei
nai???aeiiai eiiiiioaaiiy oeeeeo (“i?aeoeeeeo”) – ii o?e (“Oai?nueeei
eiioi?noai”), ii i’youe (“?aai O?aiei”), ii aeanyoue (“A?aeainuee?
ea?oeie”), ii i’yoiaaeoeyoue (“A?aiineia”) niiao?a. sse e I. O?aiei,
Ae. Iaaee/ei iae/ano?oa aaeeaa? oaiaoe/iee niin?a oi?ioaaiiy oeeeeo
(“Euea?anuee? niiaoe”, “Niiaoe iiae?euenueei? inai?”); ??aeoa –
no?oeoo?iee (“A?e? niiaoe”, “A?aiineia”). E??i iacae oeeeeo,
Ae. Iaaee/ei aea? caaieiaee e ie?aiei niiaoai, /ei “ii?ooo?”
eaiii?/i?noue aeai?o, iacao yeiio, cacae/ae, aea? ia?oa no?ioa (ia?oiai
eao?aia), a a “Niiaoao iiae?euenueei? inai?”, “A?eeo niiaoao” naia iacaa
iana ?aeaeia iaaaioaaeaiiy.

O aei?iaeo iiaoa iaia? i? “aacaieiaieo niiao?a” (aac ia?oiai eao?aia),
i? “oainoaoeo” ( “niiao ?c eiaeith”, ui ia? iaeei aai e?eueea caeaeo
?yaee?a), i? “ia?aaa?iooeo” (oa?oeaoe ?ici?uai? ia?aae eao?aiii aai i?ae
ieie), i? “eoeueaaaeo” (iaeei ?yaeie aeiaoee aai ei?iooee ca ?io?)i o.
i.. Ae. Iaaee/ei ia caaaeaee aeio?eio?oueny i?aaeea eaiii?/ii? nenoaie
?eioaaiiy, a?aeiia?aeii aei yeiai ia?ao?ania ?eioaaiiy a eao?aiao
ci?ith?oueny e?eueoeaaei o oa?oeaoao ? iaaiaee, a a?aeoae, eao?aie
ia’?aeiai? ni?eueiith ?eiith (a iniiaiiio e?eueoeaaa ? ia?ao?ania
?eioaaiiy). O oa?oeaoao aiii aeaui o??ciiiai?oiaia: e??i
“?oae?enueeiai”, iaea?eueo oaeeaaiiai o iiaoa AAA “ A A A,
cono??/a?oueny oa?aeoa?ia aeey ?aiiueiai niiaoiienaiiy AAAA-AAA,AAA-AAA;
AAA-AAA; AA=A; A=AA oa ii. Oaea ??ciiiai?oi?noue ?eioaaiiy ye o
eao?aiao, oae ? oa?oeaoao, aeaiiino?o? iaiaiaaeaio e?euee?noue
iieiaeaiue o ?icoaooaaii? ?ei, caaaeyee /iio cieea? “iiiioii?y” o
iiac??, ? oai?e iaaoaathoue i?ea?iaeueiiai ? iaiiaoi?iiai cao/aiiy.

A iniia? a?eueoino? niiao?a Ae.Iaaee/ea eaaeeoue ioce/iee i?eioeei
iiaoaeiae. “Aeca?ie?noue ? oi/i?noue” ?eioaaiiy aeinyaa?oueny
i?iii?oe??th ieneoiiieo ? ia?ieneoiiieo ?ei. O niiaoiiio aeai??
Ae. Iaaee/ei – ? e??ee, ? ioae?oeeno, ? iaecaaeeno, ? o?einio, ?
ii?ae?no, ? naoe?ee. Ca?aene – “oyae?iiy” /e oi “caeeaeaiiy” niiaoa aei
??ciiai aeaeo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeai??a, aca?iiae?y an?o ?iae?a eiai iiac?? ?
ye ?acoeueoao – aeai?ia? ?iaa??aioe: “niiao-aaeea”, “niiao-aaeaaea”,
“niiao-i?eo/a”, “niiao-iieeoaa” oiui. Aeaye? aeai?ia? ??ciiaeaee niiaoa
aeei?enoiaoaaee ?. O?aiei (“Ia?iaeia i?niy” ? “Eioey?aanueeee”), ssi
Eieea? o iiai? a niiaoao “Aei/ea neaae” (o aeeneo/iio ia?aeeaae?
Ae.Iaaee/ea), THe?ai O?e?i (iieaeaanueeee iiao) o “Aaeaae? iieueioo”,
iaienai?e o oi?i? aiae?enueeiai niiaoa, ui “neeaaea?oueny c
/ioe?iaaeoeyoe ?yaee?a ? ia? an? iciaee i?i?-aaeaaee.

O ?icaeiei i?iaiaeiciaaii oeeee “Aiei niiaoe”, a yeiio aeio?eioth/enue
eeane/ii? o?aaeeoe??, Ae. Iaaee/ei ooaa?aeea aeanio, canoiniaoth/e
iiaaoi?nuee? aeaiaioe o no?oeoo?? niiaoii? no?ioe. Iiaa oi?ia ia oieueee
ia ii?ooeea no?iai? a?o?oaeoii?ee eeane/iiai a??oa, a e a?eueo yne?aai
?ice?eea aioo??oith eiioe?eoi?noue, ui aeieeaa? c aa?iii?eii? no?oieino?
iiaoaeiae niiao?a. Ae. Iaaee/ei ia?oee a oe?a?inueeie eioa?aoo?i aeaa
c?acie aieiai niiaoa, oi/ “?iceiaaiee niiao” o na?oia?e iiac?? aoa
a?aeiiee. Aieiaia i?eeiaoa “a?eeo niiao?a” iieyaa? a ci?i? o?aaeeoe?eii?
nenoaie ?eioaaiiy, ui aeaiiino?o? ?? iia? anoaoe/i? iiaeeeaino?, o
ineoieia?/ii-o?einionuee?e caaiaaaeiaaiino? ci?noo. “ss aeicaieea nia? o
“A?eeo niiaoao” caa?aaoe ana, – cacia/a? aaoi?,- e??i ?eioaaiiy. *e
aieeioei ia ci?no a??o?a oa, ui y a?aeiiaeany ?eioaaoe? Aacia?a/ii.
A?eee a??o ioneoue aooe ia?aci?oee. Any eiai i?eiaaea a iaoaoi?? ?
iene?”, iene? i?i nain ethaenueeiai aoooy, i?i na?o, i?noea ? aeieth a
iueiio ethaeeie (“AEaeue”, “Oe?a”, “I?no”, “Iaoe”, “Oia?eia” oa iiae.).

C ieeiii /ano ana a?eueoa iii?oii, ye no?iaa a?o?oaeoii?ea eeane/iiai
a??oa o Ae.Iaaee/ea aaiethoe?iioaaea c ii?aeiaiiyi iiaeo oai, iioea?a,
i?eeii?a, ia?acieo cania?a: a?ae aieiaii? ?noei. Iiao ai?? ?icaeyaeaoe
na?o oi?aa?naeueii, a?ae/oaaoe iiaiioo a?iiaaeyinueei? ioae?oeenoe/iino?
aei iaaeeoaoeaii-o?einionueeeo aeeooy, i?aaio/e aei inyaiaiiy iaeoiioeo
aeya?a. Eiai iiac?y – ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-eiie?aoia. Ethaeeiiethanoai ?
aeeoo?ethanoai neeaaeathoue iniiao eiai na?oiaa/aiiy, ia yeiio eaaeeoue
aeeaiea ia/aoue ia?iaeiiai aeooo.

Aeineiiae?noue niiaoii? oi?ie, oaoi?/ia neeaaei?noue no?ioe
i?eaaaethaaee ana iia? e iia? iieie?iiy iiao?a, yei oioiee aei?iaoaaoe
nai? neee a niiaoiiio aeai??, uia i?ieoeny oeyoaie aeaeaoieo
ooaeiaeiee?a ? ieneeoae?a na?oo. “A ??ci? aiioe ii-??ciiio i?aeoiaeeee
aei niiaoii? caaaaeee, aei ?? aoiiii? ae?aiaoo?a??. Aea i?ia?aeiith
ianoaiiaith a eiaeiiai aoea aa?iii?y ethaia?, eaae aeia?ioe, ia?aiiaa
ethaeyiino?”,- oi/ii e ia?acii iiae?eeany iao? niiaoiiai aeai?o –
Ae. Iaaee/ei – c /eoa/ai “Na?oiaiai niiaoa” (1983), i?aeaioiaeaiiai,
inieneaiiai e aeno?aaeaeaiiai iei.

Oaea a ia?o?e nai?e ca??oe? Ae. Iaaee/ei, noaey/e c oeeoaoe?e, ia?aaoe?a
oa ?ai?i?noeaioe?e c O. Oaa/aiea, I. O?aiea, ia eaaeo/e aaea i?i
“eeane/i?” ?iaia oa ?aae??, caaaeai? iia?aeii, aenooiea ye iiao oe?ieiai
e a?aee?eoi aeyaeaiiai e?oa?aoo?iiai ni?eeoaaiiy, ye aaeoieeaee
o/aiee-e?oa?aoo?iciaaaoeue. Iieiaeee iiao e?ie ca e?ieii i?aei?iaany aei
O?aieiaiai aai?y, “eiai o?einionueei? aaaaoiaei??iino?, ethaenueei?
ioae?ino?, aeooiaii? iacaeeaeiino?”, iaci?iii ii/oaath/e naaa semper
tiro o o?aie?anuee?e oeie?, c a?/ii iacaoaiiaaiith ni?aaith ieoe c
aeooiaiiai aeaea?aea aaeeeiai O/eoaey: “O/eoaeth, noith ia?aae oiaith,
// Iaeee , a/a?iaaiee aei i?iioe. // Oe ian aaioaaeea, eeeeaa aei iaoe,
// Aoaeea iiaooi?i neiaii, ye o?oaith”, – neaaea caiaeii Ae. Iaaee/ei o
ia?oiio niiao? “O/eoaeth…” ? iiaoi?eoue o aeeneo/eo anayo i?i iueiai.
I?ioa eiie?aoi?o? iciaee i???iooaaiiy ia o?aaeeoe?? I. O?aiea –
o?aaeeoe?? iiac?? aeeaiei ia?iaeii?, ie?eeaii? aaeeeeie noni?eueieie
?aeayie – i?eeoei aei Ae. Iaaee/ea i?ae /an iaoeiaeo e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo
nooae?e. Oiae? e ia?aeiiaany iieiaeee o/aiee ? iiao, ui niiaoia oi?ia
caeaoia a?aeoai?thaaoe ana ??ciiaa?a’y ae?eniino?, iaeoiio? ineoieia?/i?
ii/oaaiiy ethaeeie; anaa?/iee aca?iica’ycie ?? c i?e?iaeith, na?oii; ui
a oeueiio aeai?? eiaeia iieie?iiy, ii?yae c o?aaeeoe?eieie, “noa?eie”,
ciaoiaeeoue ana iia? ? iia? ?ene.

I. O?aiei noaa iaeoe?ii?oei iaooiaiiyi, a yeiai Ae. Iaaee/ei a/eany ia
ienaoe, “a aeeaeoeny ? aa/eoe, ooeaoe e ciaoiaeeoe aieiaia, ?aaee /iai
i?eoiaeeoue ethaeeia a oeae na?o”. ?acoeueoaoii eiai iaoeiaiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy noaea iecea aeeneo/eo, iaiiaoi?ii-i?ea?iaeueieo iaoeiaeo
?ica?aeie, iane/aieo ia?aeiieeaeie aeniiaeaie e ia?aaeaieie nooi
iaaee/e?anueeei noeeai. Na?aae ieo ? /eiaei ?noi?eei-oai?aoe/ieo oa
e?eoe/ieo i?aoeue, ui e iiiei? caeeoathoueny aoaeiiii aeaaaeaii-iaoeiaeo
ioe?iie eiie?aoieo ienueiaiiee?a, ?o oai??a, e?oa?aoo?ieo yaeu,
aoi?enoe/ii-ia?acii? a?aoiaioaoe??.

Caoiieaiee no?oie?noth eiiiiceoe?? niiaoa c i?eoaiaiieie eiio caeiiaie
no?io?ee, iao?eee e ?eioaaiiy, Ae. Iaaee/ei ye iiao aeoiee ? aeniei?
iiaoe/ii? eoeueoo?e ionea caa?iooeny aei oeueiai aeai?o, yeee, ca
aecia/aiiyi A. Ai?ioaeueaea, caaaeth? iiac?th iene? “ia ciai?oiueith
ioceeaeuei?noth, – ? oi?ie a?eueo aeaaicao/i?, – a nai?th noene?noth,
caaa?oai?noth, iiaeeea?noth aeeoe iiaee ?iaeea?aeoaeueiee ci?no o iaaio
iaia?aae anoaiiaeaio oi?io”.

A o?aoueiio ?icaeiei “Ia?acii-noeeueiai iniaeeainoi niiaoia
Ae. Iaaee/ea” ia iaoa??ae? oeeee?a “Eueaianueei niiaoe”, “Aiei niiaoe”,
“Ee?anuee? niiaoe”, “Niiaoe iiae?euenueei? inai?”, “Oa?iieoey oaiai
iaee//y” aeine?aeaeo?oueny ia?aciee na?o Ae. Iaaee/ea, nai???aei?noue
noeeueiaiai ii/a?eo iiaoa, cie?aia, caa?iaiiy Iaaee/ea aei aeai?o
iiaoe/iiai ii?o?aoa (“A?aiineia”). Ia?ac I. ?eeuenueeiai o oeeeei
aeoiaeeoue ca iaae? iiaoe/iiai ii?o?aoa ? iaae?a? neee oe?ieiai
ocaaaeueiaiiy. Oea ia?ac aeia?i/aniiai eeoea?y iiac??, iieoi’yiiai
iao??ioa, neia nai?? aeiae. Oeeee i?ieiyoee i?aaiaiiyi aaoi?a noai?eoe
oe?e?niee ? aeeiai?/iee ?oo neeaaeii? aiioe??, iiaiioe o?aa?cio ?
aeeoo?noaa?aeaeaiiy aiaeii/an.

Eiiiiceoe?eiith iniaeea?noth oeueiai oeeeeo ? oa, ui ii?iaoeai? canaaee
eeane/iiai a??oa o ia?oeo niiaoao oeeeeo ii?ooai?. Cie?aia
a?aeaoaa?oueny nai???aeia “aeaeaiii?caoe?y oaenoo”. Iaaee/ei ia aaaaeaa
oaeith iaiao?aei?noth o ia?oeo eao?aiao noaaeoe oaio, iio?i ??
?icaeaaoe, a a oa?oeaoao aeaiaeeoe neioac c “i?ioe??//yi” ? “ae??oaiiyi”
aai e acaaae? iieiaa niiaoiee i?eioeei oaca-aioeoaca-neioac. Ea?aiaaiee
iaaee/e?anueeee niiao, i?ae oy?ieth? eaiiiii i?eno?anoue, aioiao
iianye/an i?i?aaoenue c e?eeii aieth ? ai?y.

Aea a inoaii?o niiaoao oeeeeo Ae. Iaaee/ei, iaiia ae cae?ath/enue c
aeooii, noai?th? iniaeea? eiio?anoe, aea ciiao aeyaey?oueny
a?iiaaeyinueea i?eno?ani?noue iiaoa.

1973?ieo aeeoea /aoaa?oa ca??ea “Niiaoe iiae?euenueei? inai?”. ?ai?oa
eoeueoeaiaai? Ae. Iaaee/eii aiioe?eii-caeee/iee oii, eaoaai?e/i?noue,
oaia? cai?iai? “o?eaiaeii”-niie?eiei; ia ci?io aino??e ?iaaeoea?,
?aeaeii-aiioe?ei?e i?aeianaiino? i?eoiaeyoue o?einionueei-e??e/i?
iaaeeoaoe?? i?i nain ethaenueeiai aoooy .

“Niiaoe iiae?euenueei? inai?” ienaeeny ia Oa?iii?eueuei? o nae? Aouaiee,
a oiio e?a?aeaee, iiaoo, ii/oooy iia’ycai? c iiae?euenueeei e?a?i, a
oaia “iaaeeaeaiiy inai? naiai aeeooy” – a?aeaeaaea na?oia?ae/oooy naiiai
aaoi?a. Icao/aiiy naiai aioo??oiueiai “y”, neioii?/ii-iioeea
?ino?oiaioaoe?y iaeoiioeo aeooaaieo iioea?a ciaeoee o ca??oe? iaee?aua
nai? ao?eaiiy.

Aaaeeeao ooieoe?th aeeiiothoue i caaieiaee oai??a, ui /anoeiai
aecia/athoue ia eeoa aeai?iaee i???ioe? oeeeeo, a e oaiaoe/io
??ciiieaiia?noue ci?noo. Iiao caa?oa?oueny aei oaeeo iaoa??aeueieo
/eiiee?a iianyeaeaiiiai aoooy oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo ye “oe?a”, “ieaa”,
“caiey”, “ca?ii” oa ii., ui ? ia?ic?eaiei o ii?aeiaii? c
ae?aeaeoe/ii-ineoieia?/iith noa?ith “c??e?noue”, “uanoy”, “ethaia”,
“aaaeaiiy”.

“Niiaoe iiae?euenueei? inai?” ?ethno?othoue aeiyoeiao iaenoa?i?noue
Ae. Iaaee/ea o oai?aii? e??e/iiai ii?o?aoa: “?aae” I?eaeaiaeaeaei”,
“Iona Aeaeae?eue”, “THe?on Oo/ae”, “Oaaea??ei Aa?n?a Ei?ea”, “Aiooai aea
Naio-Aecthia??”, “TH??e Aaaa??i”, “A?ianoi *a Aaaa?a”, “Ieaenaiae?
Aeiaaeaiei”, “Aaeeia Eaeue/aiei” .?aoi?ioth/e niiaoio oi?io, iiao
iino?eii ooeaa iia? caniae cia?aaeaiiy, /anoi caa?oath/enue aei
a?ae?eieo noee?caoe?e ye o ci?no? (oaiaeaioe?y aei iia/aiue, ai?ai?
?iaaeoeae, aeai? iieeoae, inaeio oiui), oae ? ia noeeueiaiio ??ai?,
?ica’ycoth/e a oaeee niin?a /eneaii? i?iaeaie iaoe?iiaeueiiai
naiiaecia/aiiy Oe?a?ie, ye oea ?iaeee ienueiaiieee on?o a?e?a.

Ii/oooy, aeoiea, aeeoo?aa aeaoaeue ia?aaoaathoue a ?aeiino?, a ?on?, a
ae?aeaeoe/ieo c?oeiaiiyo ? ai?iouea?, c yeeo ae?inoa? ?aeay; “Niiaoe
iiae?euenueei? inai?” iicia/ai? a?eiaeie ci?iaie aaoi?a, eiee iiac?y
ia?iaeaeo?oueny c ioae?ino?, iaaeeoa?oueny aaaaoei aeina?aeii aeeooy e
iano?eiiei iioieii aia?a??. *ano?oa, i?ae aoaeue-eiee, e??eea
Ae. Iaaee/ea iaaeeaea?oueny aei na?oo ienoaoeoaa iaicey, /a?iath/e c
iueiai, ye c aeaea?aea, ai?iiy a?aeoai?thaaoenue o iaiiaoi?ii aeeaieeo,
ci?noiaieo ? i?eaaaeeai yne?aaeo aeeaiienieo ia?acao.

Ia?acia neiai iiaoa ia? aeeaiaeaeio caeaoi?noue ii?aeioaaoe cacaieaio
eiie?aoeeo iien?a c neeith aeoiee, o?einionueeeo ocaaaeueiaiue. O eiai
i?e?ina?o? ai?uo?oueny iae?ina?o oeny/ie?oiuei? eoeueoo?e, iaaeath/e
eiio aiiceoea?nonueei? cia/ouino?. A?ae ia?iaeo, a?ae aaoueea-iaoa?? oa
aeecueeeo eiio iaaea?iaaieo ethaeae oniaaeeoaaa ?icaeiaia anoaoe/ia
ii/oooy, caei?iaee, aeaai?iaeiee, anoaoe/iee niae; i?e?iaeaeai? aeeaeii?
iaoeee ? cae?aiino? iio?i caaaa/oaaeenue ? aaeineiiaethaaeenue,
i?aeiineeeny aei ??aiy o?einionueeiai ia?aciiai ieneaiiy caaaeyee
noa?aiiiio iaa/aiith o /oaeia?e oeie? iiaoe/ii? iaenoa?iino? ?. O?aiea ?
I. ?eeuenueeiai.

Oyae?iiy iiaoa aei oai?/ino? I. O?aiea TH. Aa?aaao iiynith?
nii??aeiai?noth iiaoe/ieo oa?aeoa??a, “ni?eueiei aa?y/ei ioae?oeenoe/iei
no?oiii, ui i?iieco? ?oith iane??cue e??e/io iiac?th”, oeoei oaiioii ?
ai?aiei iaoinii, ethaia’th ? iaiaaenoth, niia?aeaeth ? i?iiia?aeaeth.
I?ioa oai?/?noue Eaiaiy?a aoea aeey Ae. Iaaee/ea ia i?aaeiaoii
ciai?oiueiai iane?aeoaaiiy, a eiai aioo??oiueith iio?aaith, ui
ciaiaioaaea niaith noa’ycue iieie?iue ??cieo aiio oe?a?inueei? iiac??.
“O?aie?anuee? iaoe?iiaeuei? ? nioe?aeuei? iano?i?, – noaa?aeaeo? nai
iiao, – i?aeaeeaeyee ii? aa/aiiy na?oo, ? y oio?a i?iaeiaaeeoe a nia?
aeeooy O?aieiaeo ne?a ? no?io. ss oio?a aooe eoiith aaeaoainueeiai,
oeoai?/iiai aieino. Iacaeaaeii a?ae oiai, /e iaa noaoe y ienueiaiieeii,
/e i? – aiein O?aie?a iiaeiai aoa aeeoe a iai?. Oea – ye i?ecia/aiiy
a?iiaaenueea, ye aeiey”.

Oi?ioth/enue ia o?aaeeoe?yo I. O?aiea, na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e, cie?aia
A. I?oeeaae/a, A. Oaeni??a, iaae ia?aeeaaeaie yeeo i?aoethaaa o 50-o
?ieao, Ae. Iaaee/ei aaeaei ii?aeioaaa eeane/io oi?io c iiaei niiniaii
iiaoe/iiai ieneaiiy, iaenoa?i?noue – c /?oei ie?aneaieie noeeueiaeie
ia?enaie ? aeaniei iiaoe/iei aa/aiiyi; aaaaoith iaoaoi?e/i?noth,
ia?acieie caniaaie oa i?eeiiaie. Ioaea, iaa ?aoe?th I. ?eueieoeueeee,
iia’ycoth/e iiaoe/ia cioaei?iiy c iaaaaiiaiei i?aaiaiiyi Ae. Iaaee/ea
aei iiaeo aeeoo?aeo e anoaoe/ieo ia???a, na?aeiaeeaethueo nie?a aeey
neiaa. Oea aeiiiiiaei eiio iinooiiai ca?eueieoeny a?ae c?iaeaieo,
i?ae?aiaieo, i?eianiaaieo, iicaaaeaieo e??e/iiai /oooy ?aii?o niiao?a
oeio “Eai?i”, a?ae?eoe a?ae aeane?eioeaiiai, iieniaiai i?eioeeio aei
ni?eeai? anioe?aoeaiino? ?aeae oa ia?ac?a

Ca inoaii? aeaa aeanyoee?ooy a iiaoe/i?e nenoai? Ae. Iaaee/ea
anoaiiaeany o?niee, iaaeiaaeeiaee ca’ycie i?ae o?einionueeeie aeoieaie ?
yne?aai noa’?eoeaiei aeeaiieniei ia?aaeeaaiiyi yaeu ?aaeueiino?. Oi ia
aeaei?aoeai? i?ee?ane, a nai???aei?, ao?eai? a neia? eieuei?enoe/i?
ia?ace, ui oiniaeththoue aeoiee e ia?aaeeaaiiy aaoi?a. Ooo ?, cae/aeii,
iiiaio o?aaeeoe?eiee, aea ? ? iiaa, ianaiia?aae – anioe?aoe?y ii/oooy e
aeoiee c eieuei?aie, eiaeiee c yeeo ia? naiai “iino?eiiai” iin?y:
aeeoo??aae?niee iano??e – eie?? eieina, cieioaai-oaieiai noeaeiai
yaeoea, niiy/iiai na?oea; o?aa?ci, ia/aeue, o?eaiaa – ao?eai? a
naiaioe/ii cia/ou? nei? oiie oeo?, in?iiuei? aeieie : “Ia oiii
iiaeiaeiieiai aeaeeoo // Eiia?e /i?ii i iiae iaaeeai”; “A aeaeeo?, ia/a
a na?oe? e?eooaeth, // ss aa/o, ye neueica o?aioeoue ia a??” i iiae.

Ae. Iaaee/ei /anoi i?eaieiioo? ian /eneaii?noth cae/ieo ?aoeaen?e,
yeithnue iaaei??iith oi/i?noth noiieaiiai ia?aco – ca?ia, eieinea, ieae,
ea?o?a, aea?aa, cae/ieo ieiae?a, ye? ie ia?anoaee iii?/aoe. ? a oeueiio
a?i ia ia? noia?iee?a. Iicaoaath/enue iaiiniiai, iai?aai?/iiai a nai?io
aeooiaiiio na?o?, Ae. Iaaee/ei i/euaa eiai ? ci?oeithaaa ca ?aooiie
noaa?eueieo, a?oaoei?/ieo eiiiiiaio?a ? aeania anoaoe/ieo o?aaeeoe?eieo
iaaooe?a ethaenoaa, caie?aeithth/e ?o, iaeeaeyth/e iaoe?iiaeueieie
?aae?yie, iia?oi?ie a?aee?eooyie. Ae?aeaeoecie, aooeoe?cie noaee
/anoeith a?iaoo?e oe?eeii no/aniiai noeeth. Oe?ea iecea ia?ac?a
caoaeiaaia ia iniia? ia?nii?o?eaoe?? /e oiniaeaiiy – nia?aee, aeoaa,
yai?a, eaeeie oa ii. (“Caeaieo iaieie?a iie?ee e?n, // A?o??a nooaeaieo
iiooie nia?a/?, // Ei?aeiaa noc??’y aa/?-ia/? // A n?yii? nieaeaieo
ooiaiii ne?c…” aai ae “Aeoae a n?iaeii aaioiaaieo eaioaiao // Iiaeiaii
noaee aei noa?eo aaeueiiae…”; “No?oiei /a?aiii ninie ia niiao, – //
Aeia/aoa aeeoiaii a iiieiioei”; ia?ace a??nueeiai iioieo, ooi *a?aiioa
(“Ai ia aeeaaea a ia/aeuei? aeanoe // Ooi *a?aiioa, ni?ae nieia’y”; a??
(“…aa?oiaeiiei e?yaeai cieioeo // Oai?o c?ieoeue i?ioiaeeoue cii?aia
niioea”.

I?e?ino?oeoo?a “Ee?anueeeo niiaoia” noeea? ian c o?aai?noe/ieie
iioeaaie, aea “o?aai?caoe?y” niiao?a iaeaea iaiii?oia. Ee?anuee?
caiaeueiaee – oea ?aaeoa i?e?ino?oeoo?i? ineoieia?ciaai? a?c??
Iaaee/eiaeo anioe?aoe?e, niiiei?a e aiioe?eieo iano?i?a (“sse ieaiue, ui
iaaea?a ?c Iaieii?…”, “I?aeaiaeeoueny ia ae?aaiueiio Aei?i??…”,
“Iaii?ai? aa?oathoueny aeiaeiio…”, “O e?aoa?? i?/iiai noaae?iio…”, “Aaea
a iaaeaa/??’? aaniooue iniei?e…”), a ia?aci?e nenoai? yeeo aeyaeythoueny
o?aai?noe/i? iciaee (“aoae?iiy a?iaoo?e”, “oe?ieee i?no a cae?c? oa
aaoii?”, “noaeaa? oio?e”, “iiioaaeieee”, “aaoiiy?i”, “aa?oathoueny
aeiaeiio ?iaioieee i a aeaeo?e/eao nieyoue”, “?aeee aiooueny”, “iia
noaeue aacooue, a ia ?iai/o aoiio”, “eioae”, “noaaeiii”, “ia?aoeioeoue
iiaeoa?ieeaie oeyo”, “ia aaoino?iaeo aeaeaea naioei eeaeathoue iioi?e”).
Neacaoe i?i aoaeaiia iaaoaeaiii, aaeaei a?aeoai?eoe /ooo?ao no?oeoo?o
eiaeiiai i?e?iia?aco, a a?aeoae ii/oooy ? ia?aaeeaaiiy e??e/iiai aa?iy
aaea?oueny iiaoo a oaeeo oaenoao: “Aeeiothoue ai?e, ia/a ?aie, //
Ae?eaathoueny aiaiai iaoa?eee, // Aie?iiyi ethaenoaa na?oyoue ieaaie.”

Oiae aeeaath/e naith e?ia a aeeaeio eiaeiiai ia?aco, iane/oth/e eiai
iiaith, iiaooii, aeeooyi naiai ia?iaeo, Ae. Iaaee/ei iaiaaa?oueny
a?aeoai?eoe eiaeio eiai a?aiue, caaaa/oth/e oa iaiiaithth/e ui?ac
a?eueoa nienei-aiioe?eieie a?aeo?ieaie; i?aaia aeiianoe naith aeeaiei
iaoe?iiaeueio iiac?th aei eiaeiiai, ooi aeineooa?oueny aei eiai neiaa.
Iniaeeaa caneoaa Ae. Iaaee/ea iieyaa? ia eeoa a oiio, ui a?i ina?oea
nai?i oaeaioii aooeoeuenueeo aeooo, iieacaa “aa?oeie e aaciaei?” ??
ii/oaaiue, a e o oiio, ui eiai iaa?aeae?eueia a?ae ia?iaeo neiai noaei
aaaiiei iaaooeii oe?a?inueei? (? ia o?eueee ) e?oa?aoo?e.

Ca aeiiiiiaith “??ciioiiiaaieo” i?e?i/anoeiie, i?e?iaeaiaio?a,
i?e?iia?ac?a Ae. Iaaee/ei oai?eoue iaiiaoi?iee iae?iia?ac. Neea oeueiai
ia?aco iieyaa? a eiai anioe?aoeaiiio eaeii?ci?, o a?aeiia?aeiiio
niiaaiaeiioaiii i?ae?a?aieo eiiiiiaio?a: eia?ee, eaeneee e aiioe?e.

Iaiiaoi?ia na?ae?noue e i?ea?iaeuei?noue ia?ac?a Ae. Iaaee/ea
iaoiiaeththoueny ai?iiyi canoinoaaoe “ieanoe/i?noue iaey?noaa” ?
“iaeiaeeeo ioceee”. A?aoiaoth/e iniaeeai aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy
eieuei?enoe/ieo ? ioce/ieo anioe?aoe?e a niiaoao iiaoa, aa?oi
a?aecia/eoe, ui naia caaaeyee oeei /eiieeai ia?aci?noue niiaoa noaea ua
a?eueo iane/aiith, a ii?aeiaiiy caoeiaeo, ci?iaeo, iaey?nueeeo
anioe?aoe?e noaei ??oioii ia eeoa aeey i?e?ino?oeoo?ii? ia?aciino?, a e
aeey oe?e?niiai aee?i/aiiy oai?o.

Aaaaoee na?o ci?iaeo ia?ac?a aeeaoaaa on?o, ooi oith /e ?ioith i??ith
ciaeiieany ?c niiaoa???i Ae. Iaaee/ea – iaeiiai c iaeioce/i?oeo
oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a, aeey yeiai ioceea – na?oiaeyaeia o?einionueea
iiiyooy. Niiaoe Ae. Iaaee/ea – oea iai/iee ? yne?aaee i?eeeaae
anaa?/iiai niaeo?aeueiiai caaa?aeaiiy ia?aco.

O “Aeniiaeao” ie?aneththoueny ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/ii i?eioeeie
Ae. Iaaee/ea ye ?acoeueoao iaoa?oaaiiy aaaaoueio ieanoia aio/eciyii? oa
ca?oaiaeii? eoeueoo?, aeio?eiaiiy eeane/ieo canaae o eioa?aoo?i c
o?aooaaiiyi aeinaiaeo ?icieo eioa?aoo?ieo oeie.

Niiaoia oeiea iaeno?ia neiaa – I. O?aiea, I. ?eeuenueeiai, aeaea ??oio
ia eeoa aeey oai?aoe/ii? niiaoii? aeiyeueiinoi Ae. Iaaee/ea, a
iaae/a?iii aeeaeie ?o oai?/inoi niiioeaee iiaoa aei noai?aiiy
i?eaiiaeueieo niiaoieo oeeeeia (“A?aiineia”, “Caaeeaeaiee a aoaeoueio”),
o yeeo, caaaeyee iiaeeaiaeoaeueii-aaoi?nueeei ?icaeoiai, canoiniaaii
oai?/o niaaeueio ieooeia eeane/ii? oe?a?inueei? eioa?aoo?e.

Aeei?enoaaoe ooaeiaei? a?aee?eooy ? o?einionuee? aeinyaiaiiy nai?o
iiia?aaeiee?a, caeiaooee no/anieeia, Ae. Iaaee/ei iiaeeoieoaaa aeai?
niiaoa, caaaaoeaoe eiiiiceoeieii-noeeueiai oa ae?aaeaeueii caniae,
o?iciiiaiioiea aeai?ioai?/o no?oeoo?o niiaoa. Ae. Iaaee/ei noai?ea iiaee
iiaoe/iee ae?ac a oe?a?inueeiio neiai, yeee aeoioethaaa o niai
naioiaeyaeii ia?aeiiaiiy, iiaeeaiaeoaeueio iaia?o oa iniaenoinoue
oai?oey, iaoeiiiaeueio nai??iaeiinoue i nai i?ioean ooaeiaeiueiai
inai?iiy oa i?aaiicaoei? aeeoo?aiai iaoa?iaeo. A?aecia/a?oueny
iacaia?a/ia aeai?iaa nenoaii?noue niiaoiiai aei?iaeo Ae. Iaaee/ea.
Eiaeai niiao ia? naith no?oeoo?io oe?e?niinoue ? ci?noiaio
caaa?oai?noue. Iiao aeii?any ye?nii iiaiai ??aiy ooaeiaeiueiai neioaco,
no?oieino?, ??ciiiai?oiino?, ae?aciino? ? iiaoe/ii? a?aoe?? ia?aciiai
na?oo. A?i aei?iaoaaa ??ciiiai?oi? nthaeaoii-eiiiiceoe?ei? aa??aioe,
?eoi?eo ? iaoin, iiiaethth/e ? caaaa/oth/e niiaoiee aeai?.

Niiaoe Ae. Iaaee/ea – oea aaee/aciee na?o aeooiaieo caoe?eaaeaiue,
aenieeo ii?ea?a aeoo?, aa?iii?eiiai ?aeiaiiy c aoooyi ? ethaeueie.
Iaoe?e aeooiaii-ienoaoeueeeo ?ioa?an?a iiaoa iaeaea iainyaei?. ?icaeyae
aeai?o niiaoa a ooaeiaei?e nenoai?, o aca?iica’yceo c ?ioeie
neeaaeieeaie ?noi?eei-e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano aea? iaea??ia?aei?oo
ea?oeio aaiethoe?eiiai ?icaeoeo aeai?o, aeyaey? iiaaoi?nueeo nooue
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai noeeth Ae. Iaaee/ea. ? oi/ a?i eaoaai?e/ii a?aeeeaeaa
o?aeooaaiiy niiaoa ye “iin?y” iaaiiai noeeth, ui caoaeo? ?aeaieia?/i?
i?aaa aeai?o, “ca/eiya” eiai a caai?iae? iaaii? aiioe /e iaaiiai
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai oaiiiaia, naia ii?ooaiiy eaiii?a niiaoii? oi?ie, a oi
e ea?aeeiaeueia ?o ci?ia – ? ? iaa?ae’?iiith iciaeith ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai
noeeth Ae. Iaaee/ea.

Iacaeaaei?noue Oe?a?ie iiao ni?eeiya oni?th aeooath ? na?oeai. A?eiaa
c??e?noue, aeeoo?aa ioae??noue, iiiiiaeai? ia aieueiao ?ioaeaeooaeueio
iai?oao, ia neiai, caie?aeiaia iia?aeiith ethaia’th, caei??iaia a nai?
ia?oiii/aoee, iicia/aia aeooii O. Iao?a?ee i A. Oaeni??a, A. I?oeeaae/a
e I. Iooe?ia, O.Oaa/aiea e I. O?aiea, I. Ca?iaa ? I. ?eeuenueeiai – oea
iiac?y Ae. Iaaee/ea, iiac?y aeooiaiino?, aine?aneiai aeeooy, aacnia?oy.

Iniiaii iieiaeaiiy e aeniiaee aeena?oaoei? aeeeaaeaii o oaeeo
ioaeieaoeiyo

1. Naa/ei O. I. Niiaoe Aeieo?a Iaaee/ea. Iiaoeea aeai?o. – E.: Ciaiiy,
1999. – 111n.

2. Naa/ei O. Eiiiiceoeieii iniaeeainoi aieeo niiaoia Ae. Iaaee/ea oa ?o
anoaoe/ia oeiiiinoue // No/aniee iiaeyae ia eioa?aoo?o. Ca. iaoe.
i?aoeue.– Aei. 1 /Ca ?aae. O?iiei I.I./ – E., 1999. – N. 125-138.

3. Naa/ei O. Aiia?aoi/iinoue niiaoiiai aeai?o o oai?/inoi Aeieo?a
Iaaee/ea // Iaoeiai caienee Oa?iiiieuenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaiai/iiai oiiaa?neoaoo iiaii Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea. – Oa?iiiieue,
1999. – Aei. V.–215-223.

4. Naa/ei O. Ae?aiaoeci aiioeieieo eieicie o oai?/inoi Ae. Iaaee/ea //
Iaoea i no/aniinoue. – E., IIO, Ei?in, 1999. Aei.2, *.4. – N.212-218.

5. Naa/ei O. AEai? niiaoa o oai?/inoi A. Iaeeoea i Ae. Iaaee/ea //
Oai?/inoue Aiae?iy Iaeeoea a eiioaenoi eioa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano OO
noieiooy. Iaoa?iaee Anaoe?a?inueei? iiaeaocianueei? iaoe. eiio.,
i?enay/aii? 85-?i//th aiae aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy Aiae?iy Naiieeiae/a Iaeeoea
13 eenoiiaaea 1997?. – N.69-72.

AIIOAOe?ss

Naa/ei O. I. Niiaoe Ae. Iaaee/ea. Iiaoeea aeai?o.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoeiy ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oieieiai/ieo
iaoe ca niaoeiaeueiinoth 10.01.01 – oe?a?inueea eioa?aoo?a. –
Iaoeiiiaeueiee iaaeaaiai/iee oiiaa?neoao iiaii I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa,
Ee?a,1999.

O aeena?oaoei? aiaeico?oueny niiaoia oai?/inoue oe?a?inueeiai iiaoa
Aeieo?a Iaaee/ea, eao?aaoa Aea?aeaaii? i?aii? iiaii O. Oaa/aiea,
?anioaeieainueeeo i?aiie iiaii I. Ino?ianueeiai, iiaii I. ?eeuenueeiai.
Iaeaeii-oaiaoe/ia aaaaonoai, ia?acia iaeio?a, iiaa?iaioiinoue aeai?o,
naiiaooiinoue oaeaioo iiaoa-niiaoy?a aiaeico?oueny ia oe?ieiio oiii
?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeiai i naioiaiai niiaoa – aiae Aeaioa Aeia’??i,
O. Iao?a?ee, A. Oaenii?a aei “Iieayiieo inaeiia” (1994) – Ae. Iaaee/ea.

Niiaoa?ie Ae. Iaaee/ea ?icaeyaea?oueny ye i?eaiiaeueia yaeua a
oe?a?inueeie iiaci? OO noieiooy.

Eeth/iai neiaa: a?oioaeoiiiea, niiaoiee aeai?, eaiii, eiioeaioeiy,
eiioaeno, ia?aciinoue.

AIIIOAOeEss

Naa/ei O. A. Niiaou Ae. Iaaeu/ei. Iiyoeea aeai?a. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeeieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 10.01.01 – oe?aeineay eeoa?aoo?a. –
Iaoeeiiaeueiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa,
Eeaa, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia niiaoiiio oai?/anoao oe?aeineiai iiyoa Aeieo?ey
Iaaeu/ei, eao?aaoa Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?aiee eiaie O. Oaa/aiei,
?anioaeeeaineeo i?aiee eiaie I. Ino?ianeiai, eiaie I. ?ueueneiai.
Eaeaeii-oaiaoe/aneia ?aciiia?acea, ia?aciay iaeeo?a, eiaa?eaioiinoue
aeai?a, iaiiaoi?eiinoue oaeaioa iiyoa-niiaoenoa aiaeece?oaony ia oe?ieii
oiia ?acaeoey oe?aeineiai e ie?iaiai niiaoa – io Aeaioa Aeeaa?e,
O. Iao?a?ee, A. Oaenie?a aei “Iieayiiuo inaeiia” (1994) Ae. Iaaeu/ei.

Niiaoa?ee Ae. Iaaeu/ei ?anniao?eaaaony eae i?eaeiaeueiia yaeaiea a
oe?aeineie iiycee OO aaea. Eniieuecoy ia oieueei niiaou iiyoa, ii e
eeoa?aoo?iaaae/aneea o?oaeu, aeia?aoe/aneea oaeou, aaoi? aeieacuaaao
oanioth acaeiinaycue ie?iiuouaiey e oaiaoeee oai?/anoaa.

Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-ynoaoe/aneea i?eioeeiu Ae. Iaaeu/ei – yoi ?acoeueoao
iaeiieaiey iiiaeo ieanoia ioa/anoaaiiie e ca?oaaaeiie eoeueoo?,
niioaaonoaea eeanne/aneei onoiyi a eeoa?aoo?a n o/?oii iiuoa ?aciuo
eeoa?aoo?iuo oeie. Niiaoiay oeiea ianoa?ia neiaa – E. O?aiei e I.
?ueueneiai, aeaea ii/ao ia oieueei aeey oai?aoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
Ae. Iaaeu/ei, ii e iaen/a?iaaiua aeoaeiu eo oai?/anoaa iaicia/eee iiyoo
iooue e nicaeaieth i?eaeiaeueiuo niiaoiuo oeeeeia, aaea aiieiuay
eiaeeaeaeoaeueii-aaoi?neea ?aciuoeaiey, eniieueciaaii oai?/aneia
ianeaaeea ooaeiaeieeia eeanne/aneie oe?aeineie eeoa?aoo?u.

A aeenna?oaoeee i?ineaaeai i?ioeann ?aoi?iaoeee niiaoa niioaaonoaaiii e
niaea?aeaieth e oi?ia, aaea iiyo iai?aiaiii caaioeony i naiaia?aciinoe
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-ia?aciie nenoaiu, iinoiyiii euao iiaua ooaeiaeanoaaiiua
eiiiiiaiou, iao?aaeeoeeiiii iniuneeaay iiaua oaiu e iooe eo au?aaeaiey.
AEai?iaay iniaaiiinoue iiycee Ae. Iaaeu/ei caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi,
eca?aa oaeoth “eiina?aaoeaioth” oi?io eae niiao, iiyo noiae ia o?iaia
niaea?aeaiey e oi?iu o?ainoi?ie?iaaoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i niiaoiie
o?aaeeoeee a oe?aeineie iiycee.

A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeothony oieeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe niiaoiiai aeai?a
anooiaoue a neioac ni niaaeiuie eeoa?aoo?iuie yaeaieyie, aeaaiaea?y /aio
?ane?uaaaony ooaeiaeanoaaiiay oeaiiinoue eeanne/aneiai i?iecaaaeaiey.
Iaeiei ec aaniiuo aeinoeaeaiee oe?aeineiai niiaoa?ey anoue oeeee “Aaeuo
niiaoia” Ae. Iaaeu/ei, aeaaiay i?eiaoa eioi?uo ninoieo a eciaiaiee
o?aaeeoeeiiiie (eeanne/aneie) nenoaiu ?eoiiaee, /oi aeaiiino?e?oao iiaua
aai ynoaoe/aneea aiciiaeiinoe e caieiaao aaaeiia ianoi a enoi?ee
?acaeoey niiaoiiai aeai?a.

Oaiaoe/aneia ?aciiia?acea niiaoia Ae. Iaaeu/ei aeoeaioe?oao ?aciua noa?u
/aeiaa/aneiai auoey e ?aciiaeaeiinoe aeai?a: ioaeeoeenoe/aneee,
oeeinioneee, naoe?e/aneee, iaecaaeiue niiao, niiao-iinayuaiea e
niiao-eiaaeoeao, ec?aaeea – eioeiiue. Eiaa?eaioiia eniieueciaaiea
iiyoe/aneiai neiaa, oiaiea eeanne/aneee eaiiie/aneee noeo, eeanne/aneoth
no?ioeeo e ?eoieeo “iinoaaeoue ia neoaeao” iiaiio niaea?aeaieth, a
ni/aoaiee n o?aaeeoeeiiaeeciii, ii?aaeaeyao iiyoa eae ianoa?a niiaoiiai
aeai?a.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: a?oeoaeoiieea, niiaoiue aeai?, eaiii, eiioeaioeey,
eiioaeno, ia?aciinoue.

ANNIOATATION

Savchon T. I. D.Pavlechko’s Sonnets. Poetics of Genre. – Manuscript.

The dissertation for the candidate degree of philology, on speciality
10.01.01 – Ukrainian literature. – M.P. Drahomanov National Pedagogical
University, Kiev, 1999.

The sonnet creative work of D. Pavlychko the Ukrainian poet, the
Laureate of T. Shevchenko State Reward, the Laureate of both M.Ostrovsky
and M. Rylsky Republican Rewards, is analythed in the dissertation. The
ideological – and – thematic richness, the imagery, the invariance of
genre as well, as the unique talent of the poet of sonnets are examined
on the wide background of the Ukrainian and world sonnet development,
from Dante, Petrarka, Shakespeare to “The Penitential Psalms” (1994) by
D. Pavlychko.

D. Pavlychko’s sonnets are considered as unique phenomenon in the
Ukrainian poetry of the 20th century.

Key words: architectonism, genre of sonnet, canon, idea, context,
imagery.

Ii?ic I.I. Aothaee i?i niiao (Aei ieoaiiy i?i o?aaeeoe?? ? iiaaoi?noai
a ?icaeoeo niiaoa). – E., 1973. – N. 94.

Oai naii.- N. 287.

Iaaee/ei Ae. I?i naaa // A?ey ioaeiueiai na?oea.- E., 1988.- N. 331.

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