OA?III?EUeNUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
?IAI? AIEIAeEIE?A AIAOTHEA
OTHOTHIIEE IA??ss ?AAI?AIA
OAeE:371.044.1
NIOe?AEUeII-IAAeAAIA?*IA ?AAA?E?OAOe?ss Ae?OAE A
NIAOe?AEUeIEO AeIOE?EUeIEO CAEEAAeAO INA?OE
CANIAAIE OAI?*I? A?E
13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee
A A O I ? A O A ? A O
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe
Oa?iii?eue-1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? oai??? oa iaoiaeeee aeioe?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy
I?eea?iaonueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Aaneey Noaoaieea.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Eenaiei Iaee? Aanee?aia,
I?eea?iaonueeee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Aaneey Noaoaieea,
caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e oai??? oa iaoiaeeee
aeioe?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
A?oaiiaa Ethaia A?eoi??aia,
Iaoe?iiaeueiee
iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai?
I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
aeioe?eueii? iaaeaaia?ee
– eaiaeeaeao
iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Aeo?ou A??a
Ieaenaiae??aia, Oa?iii?euenueeee
aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao
?iai? Aieiaeeie?a
Aiaothea, aeioeaio eaoaae?e
iaaeaaia?ee
ii/aoeiaiai iaa/aiiy
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai,
eaoaae?a
aeioe?eueii? iaaeaaia?ee
I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.
Iaeana
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny 20 o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo i 1430 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 58.053.01 i?e
Oa?iii?euenueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai?
Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea ca aae?anith: 282027, i. Oa?iii?eue, aoe. I.
E?eaiiina, 2
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?iii?euenueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea ca
aae?anith: 282027, i. Oa?iii?eue, aoe. I. E?eaiiina, 2
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 20 ea?oiy 1999 ?ieo
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? I.I.
Iaoi/oe
a/aii? ?aaee
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue ? nooi?iue aeine?aeaeaiino? iaoeiai? i?iaeaie
Eiioeaiooaeuei? iieiaeaiiy ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeioe?eueii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i?,
?o aoiai?noe/ia ni?yiiaai?noue aecia/athoueny i??i?eoaoaie, ye? iathoue
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/io cia/ou?noue, ? aaaeeeaeie ia eeoa aeey iaa/aiiy
e aeoiaaiiy ae?oae c iaiaaeaieie o?ce/ieie iiaeeeainoyie, a e aeey
nenoaie aeioe?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy a oe?eiio.
I??i?eoaoi?noue aoiai?caoe?? ye no?eaeiaaiai iai?yieo iiaeaeueoiai
?aoi?ioaaiiy aeioe?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy iaoiiaeth?oueny c?inoaiiyi
e?eueeino? ae?oae c iaiaaeaieie o?ce/ieie iiaeeeainoyie ia eeoa a
Oe?a?i?, a e o anueiio na?o?. Caaaeii oea ? ia’?eoeaiith oaiaeaioe??th
oe?eiai eiiieaeno ina?oyinueeeo i?iaeai. Oae, ca?aeii ?c noaoenoe/ieie
aeaieie a Oe?a?i? e?euee?noue ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c aaaeaie
o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo noaiiaeoue iaeaea 24 oen., oiae? ye ua aeanyoue ?ie?a
oiio oaeeo ae?oae iae?/oaaeiny i?eaeecii 10 oen. Cie?aia, o
*a?i?aaoeuee?e iaeano? oi?iaeiaae 1992-1997 ?ie?a ?o e?euee?noue c?inea
a?ae 195 aei 1352 in?a.
C?inoaiiy e?eueeino? ae?oae c ??cieie aaaeaie ?icaeoeo cacia/aii ? a
ca?oao Anana?oiuei? I?aai?caoe?? Ioi?iie Caei?ia’y. Ca i?iaiicaie ??
oao?aoe?a o ia??iae c 1975 ii 2000 ??. /enaeuei?noue oaeeo ae?oae o
na?o? ca?eueoeoueny aei 500 iei. O e?a?iao, ye? ?icaeaathoueny, ?o
e?euee?noue nyaaoeia a?ae 135 aei 150 iei.; aiaeii/an, o ?icaeiooeo
e?a?iao iiae?aiee iieaciee c?inoa a?ae 12 aei 25 iei.
Icia/aia noni?eueia yaeua, yea ia? o?ainiaoe?iiaeueiee oa?aeoa?,
?i?oe?eiaaia ieceith i?e/ei. Iniiaieie c yeeo ? oae?: iia??oaiiy
aeieia?/ii? neooaoe??; iani?eyoeea? oiiae aeey i?aoe? ae?iie, c?inoaiiy
?o o?aaiaoecio; aenieee ??aaiue caoai?thaaiiy aaouee?a, iniaeeai
iaoa??a; iioe?aiiy ia?eiiai?? oa aeeiaie?cio na?aae ieo; a?aenooi?noue
iaeaaeieo oiia aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy caei?iaiai niiniao aeeooy a iieiaeeo
n?i’yo oiui.
Ioiae, oe?ae aaaeeeaei ? iaeneiaeueia caeeaeaiiy ??cieo ?inoeooo?a
oi?ioaaiiy iniaenoino? aaea c ia?oeo ?ie?a ?? aeeooy – ?iaeeie,
aeeoy/iai naaeea, oeiee oa ?i., iiaioaaiiy iaaeaaiaaie ai?iiyie aieeaaoe
ia noinoiee oa oa?aeoa? ni?eeoaaiiy i?ae ae?oueie, ae?oueie oa
aei?ineeie, ia’?eoeaii ioe?ithaaoe i?e?iee?iao o nioe?oi?, ?i?oe?thaaoe
oa noeioethaaoe naiiaeyaeaiiy ? naii?aae?caoe?th iniaenoino?.
Ca oiiae nai?/aniiai caeo/aiiy aeioe?eueiee?a aei ??cieo aeae?a
ae?yeueiino?, i?eoaiaiieo ?o a?eo, i?aaeeueii i?aai?ciaaii?
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ei?aeoe?? iayaieo aaae oi?ioaaoeiaoueny
iaeaaeia i?aea?oioy aeey iiaeaeueoiai oni?oiiai iaa/aiiy, aeoiaaiiy e
naiino?eiiai aeeooy ae?oae.
Niinoa?aaeaiiy oa aiae?c aace aeine?aeaeaiiy (c?inoaiiy o?aai i?aai?a
iii?e ? ?oo?a ae?oae ca ia??iae c 1987 ii 1997 ??e – a?ae 9,6 % aei
24,7%) cana?ae/othoue, ui ei?aeoe?eia iaa/aiiy aeioe?eueiee?a c
iaiaaeaiiyie o o?ce/iiio ?icaeoeo – iaeia c iniiaieo ina?oyinueeeo
i?iaeai nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??.
Iaeiae, o aeina?ae? i?aai?caoe?? oaei? ?iaioe ? /eiaei iaaaoeaieo yaeu.
Iacaaaeath/e ia c?inoaiiy e?eueeino? ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c aaaeaie
o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo, ia ??cieo aoaiao i?aai?caoe?? iaaeaaia?/iiai
i?ioeano a caaaeueieo oa niaoe?aeueieo caeeaaeao ua caa??aathoueny
o?aaeeoe?ei? i?aeoiaee, iaaaeaeaaoi?, canoa??e? onoaiiaee, ye?
aeyaeythoueny eeoa o caaacia/aii? iaoa??aeueii? aace aeeoy/eo naaee?a ?
a?aeiia?aeiiai iaaee/iiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ae?oae.
Aiane?aeie oeueiai iia? iio?aae iniaenoino? a nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i?e
?aaa?e?oaoe?? anooiathoue o i?ioe??//y ?c canoa??eeie oi?iaie ??
i?aai?caoe??, ui ia?aoeiaeaea? iiaeaeueo?e nioe?aeuei?e aaeaioaoe??
ae?oae.
A/aieie ii/anoe ?ice?eoa cia/ou?noue ? iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue
cae?eniaiiy nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? a naiceoeaiiio
ia??iae? oi?ioaaiiy ??cieo noa? iniaenoino? (A.Eainueea, I.Eiaai,
E.Eiaaeue, ?.Ca???aa, A.Eieaniee, A.?aaeueei, A.Eaioae?i, TH.Eyiiie,
Ea Ooaiue Aai, E? TH Nai oa ?i.), ioa?aeoa?eciaaii aieea ??cieo oi?i
oea?aa?aeueiiai ia?ae?/o ia caaaeueiee noai o?ce/iiai ? ineo?/iiai
caei?ia’y ae?oae (E.Aaaeaeyi, A.Caiueeianueeee, A.Noaoei, E.Oeaiiaa, oa
?i.), aeine?aeaeaii ie?ai? caniae ei?aeoe?? ?ooiaeo yeinoae
aeioe?eueiee?a (I.Aaa?eiaa, A.Caoe?i?nueeee, I.Eaiaiai, I.?oaeee, A.Ioi?
oa ?i.), aeyaeaii oiiae caaacia/aiiy aaeaioaoe?eieo i?ioean?a o
aeioe?eueiiio a?oe? (E.A?oaiiaa, A. A?eue/eianueeee, O.AEa?iaoeaaa,
C.Ieio?e, Ea Ooaiue Aai oa ?i.), ?ice?eoi ineoieia?/i? aniaeoe
aaeaioaoe?? oa ?aaa?e?oaoe?? (A.Aeia?iaieuenueea, E.Naiaiiaa,
?.Ieeineaaiaa, I.Cioiaa, ?. E?yaeaaa oa ?i.).
Iaeiae o oai??? ? i?aeoeoe? aeioe?eueii? iaaeaaia?ee ua a?aenooi?
aeine?aeaeaiiy c ieoaiue aeei?enoaiiy aeanoeaeo ae?oyi aeae?a
ae?yeueiino?, a naia ?a?iai?, ye caniao ?o ?aiiuei?
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ca oiiae iaiaaeaiiy o?ce/ieo
iiaeeeainoae. Ioiae aeooae?caoe?y nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aaa?e?oaoe?? e a?aenooi?noue iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii? iaa/aeueii? iiaeae?
aeei?en-oaiiy i?ia?aeii? aeey aeioe?eueiee?a ?a?iai? ae?yeueiino? a
aniaeo? onoiaiiy aaae ?o ?icaeoeo coiiaeee aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy
“Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y ae?oae o niaoe?aeueieo
aeioe?eueieo caeeaaeao ina?oe caniaaie oai?/i? a?e”.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia aoiaeeoue
aei caaaeueii? iaoeiai? i?iaeaie “I?aeaioiaea iaaeaaiaa aei aeoiaii?
?iaioe a oiiaao ?a?iiaenueei? ?ioaa?aoe??” (i?ioieie ?5 a?ae 30.12.1997
?. A/aii? ?aaee I?eea?iaonueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. Aaneey Noaoaieea).
Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y ae?oae
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo.
I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae aeei?enoaiiy oai?/i? a?e
i?e?iaeie/iai ci?noo a nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i?e ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae
noa?oiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo.
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: iaa?oiooaaoe aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy oai?/eo
?ai?-eiiieaen?a i?e?iaeie/iai ci?noo a i?ioean?
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae noa?oiai aeioe?eueiiai
a?eo c aaaeaie o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo.
A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy: i?ioean nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??
iniaenoino? aaeineiiaeth?oueny, yeui aeeaeaeoe/iee (iiaeaii?aee: neiai,
?ioiiaoe?y, aieinia? iiaeoeyoe??; ia?a- oa aeno?ae?iaa?noe/iee: ia?ac,
ae?y, i?i?ea, aeanoe, iaioii?i?ea) oa aeoiaiee (ni?eeoaaiiy,
aca?iia?aeiineie) ci?no oai?/i? a?e a?aeae?a?oueny ? aeei?enoiao?oueny
a?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe oa aoaio aeeaeaeoe/ii- ei?aeoe?eii? iiaeae?
aeoiaaiiy ? iaa/aiiy ae?oae.
Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy:
i?iaiae?coaaoe nooi?iue iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie a
Oe?a?i? oa ca ?oaaaeai;
c’ynoaaoe ?ieue ? i?noea oai?/i? a?e a nenoai? ei?aeoe?eiiai iaa/aiiy
e aeoiaaiiy ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo;
aeine?aeeoe iniaeeaino? aeyao ae?oueie ineo?/ii? aeai?eaaoe??,
ni?e/eiaii? aaaeaie o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo;
?ic?iaeoe e aenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iaoaaoe iaa/aeueii-iaoiaee/io iiaeaeue
aeei?enoaiiy oai?/eo ?ai?-eiiieaen?a o iaa/aii? e aeoiaaii? ae?oae
noa?oiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c aaaeaie ?oo?a;
aeyaeoe aoaeoeai? oeyoe canoinoaaiiy oai?/eo ?ai?-eiiieaen?a o ?icaeoeo
aiioe?eii-aieueiai? oa ?ooiai? noa? iniaenoino? noa?oeo aeioe?eueiee?a.
Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy: eiiieaen aca?iiaeiiiaithaaieo iaoiae?a:
oai?aoe/iee aiae?c o?einionueei?, ineoieia?/ii? oa iaaeaaia?/ii?
e?oa?aoo?e c icia/aii? i?iaeaie; aea/aiiy e ocaaaeueiaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai
aeina?aeo; oanooaaiiy; aieaooaaiiy; aan?aea; niinoa?aaeaiiy; aiae?c
i?iaeoeo?a ae?yeueiino?; nenoaia ae?aaiinoe/ieo ? oi?ioth/eo caaaeaiue;
e?euee?niee ? ye?niee aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo.
Aacith aeine?aeaeaiiy noaa niaoe?aeueiee aeioe?eueiee caeeaae ?36
i.*a?i?aoe?. A aenia?eiaioaeueiiio aeine?aeaeaii? acyee o/anoue 37
ae?oae noa?oiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo (iieacieee noi?iiaaiino? o?ce/iiai
?icaeoeo oa aiioe?eii- ii/ooo?ai? noa?e yeeo a?ae/ooii a?aenoathoue a?ae
ii?ie; ?icoiiaee ?icaeoie – a?aeiia?aeiee ?o a?eiaei ii?iai) 6
aeoiaaoae?a oa 60 aaouee?a. Oi?iaeiaae aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaany
aeaniee iaaeaaia?/iee aeina?ae ?iaioe iiooeoaa/a ye aeoiaaoaey.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ? oai?aoe/ia cia/ou?noue: i?iaiae?ciaaii ? ?ice?eoi
niaoeeo?eo i?ioeano ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo a
nioe?aeueii-oai?aoe/iiio aniaeo?; aeyaeaii iniiai? ?ooia? ae??, ye?
?i?oe?ththoue aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?a? i?iyae ineo?/ii? aeai?eaaoe??;
?ic?iaeaii e iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eio iiaeaeue
aeei?enoaiiy oai?/eo ?ai?-eiiieaen?a o ?iaio? c? noa?oeie
aeioe?eueieeaie; aeyaeai? oaiaeaioe?? oa caeiiii??iino? ei?aeoe?eiiai
iaa/aiiy e aeoiaaiiy ae?oae o aeioe?eueiiio caeeaae?.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a: ?ic?iaeaii
aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eio iiaeaeue eiiieaenii? ?iaioe iaae
oaeineiiaeaiiyi ? iiaeaeueoei ?icaeoeii ?oo?a ae?oae oa ei?aeoe?? o ieo
iane?aee?a aeai?eaaoe??; aecia/aii iniiai? ?ooia? yeino? – noeioeyoi?e
?ooiai? noa?e iniaenoino? aeioe?eueieea; iaa?oioiaaii iaaeaaia?/i?
oiiae, ye? ni?eythoue a?aeiiaeaiith a ae?oae c ooieoe?iiaeueieie aaaeaie
?oo?a iaeneiaeueii? aeoeaiino? a ??cieo aeaeao ae?yeueiino? c
i??i?eoaoii ?a?iai?; ?ic?iaeaii eiiniaeoe oai?/eo ?ai?-eiiieaen?a,
?a?iaeo ai?aa, a?oie o?aioaaeueieo caaaeaiue aeey aeei?enoaiiy a
aeioe?eueieo caeeaaeao niaoe?aeueiiai ? cae/aeiiai i?ecia/aiiy.
Aeine?aei? iaoa??aee iiaeooue neoaoaaoe aeiiiaiaiiyi aei /eiieo a
Oe?a?i? i?ia?ai aeoiaaiiy oa iaa/aiiy ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c
?icae?e?a “??aeia i?e?iaea” ? “O?ce/ia eoeueoo?a”.
A??ia?aei?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
Iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeoue ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia
iaa?oioiaai?noue aeo?aeieo ia?aiao??a oa eiiieaenia iaoiaeeea
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aaeaeaaoia eiai caaaeaiiyi ? eia?oe?;
?ai?acaioaoeai?noue ? noaoenoe/ia cia/ou?noue ianeao aii??e/ieo aeaieo,
ye? caaacia/othoue aeinoia??i?noue iaoeiaeo iieiaeaiue ? aeniiae?a;
c?noaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy c ianiaith i?aeoeeith ?iaioe
aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a Oe?a?ie.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeany oeyoii
ai?i-aaaeaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?ic?iaie o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee
i?ioean aei-oe?eueieo onoaiia ?36 /37 ae?oae/ i.*a?i?aoe? (aeia?aeea
?20 a?ae 15.10.1998?.); ??51,155,133 oa naaeea-oeiee “Oeaio?
?aaa?e?oaoe??” /anueiai 244 aeeoeie/ i.Eueaiaa (aeia?aeea ? 1301/449
a?ae 26.10.1998), o/ano? o Anaoe?a?inueeiio eii-eo?n?
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo iaoa??ae?a c ieoaiue nioe?aeueii? ?iaioe c ae?oueie
oa iieiaeaeth (aeia?aeea ? 32, aeaeaia iaeaniei oeaio?ii OAeOeNNI) oa
oeyoii ioae?eaoe?e iniiaiiai ci?noo ?iaioe a ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue, ii?eethaeiaiiyi iieiaeaiue ? aeniiae?a aeena?oaoe?? o aenooiao
ia I?aeia?iaeieo oa Anaoe?a?inueeeo eiioa?aioe?yo: Ee?a-*a?i?aoe?,
1995?., Oa?e?a, 1995?., *a?i?aoe?, 1998?.
No?oeoo?a ? ianya aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (274
iii?iaoe??, c ieo – 34 ?iicaiieie iiaaie ) oa aeiaeaoe?a. ?iaioa
i?noeoue 10 oaaeeoeue, 6 ?enoie?a, 5 noai. Ianya ?iaioe 175 noi??iie
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aea?? iaoeiai? i?iaeaie, ui i?aeeyaa? inieneaiith
oa ae??oaiith, a?aoiaioiaaii ?? aeooaeuei?noue ? nooi?iue
aeine?aeaeaiino?, ie?aneaii i?aaeiao, noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo e caaea/?,
aeeeaaeaii iaoeiao iiaecio ? oai?aoe/io oa i?aeoe/io cia/ou?noue,
ai?iaaoe?th oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “Oai?aoe/i? canaaee nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae noa?oiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c o?ce/ieie aaaeaie
?icaeoeo” i?aaenoaaeaii a?oioiaiee aeao?i?oeaii-nieneiaee aiae?c
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? oa aecia/aii nooi?noue iiiyooy
“nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y”, aeiaaaeaii iaiao?aei?noue eiai
aaaaeaiiy a oa?i?iieia?/iee ia?a iaa/aeueii? aeenoeeie?ie “Aeioe?eueia
iaaeaaia?ea” aeey a?aeiia?aeiiai oaoo. Iiaeaii aecia/aiiy iii?ieo
iiiyoue: “?aaa?e?oaoe?y”, “?ioaa?aoe?y”, “aeai?eaaoe?y”,
“?aaae?aeaoe?y”, “?iaeea?ae”, “iniaeno?noue”.
Ia i?aenoaa? i?aaeiaoiino? ci?noo aeao?i?oe?e c?iaeaii ni?iao ?iai/iai
aecia/aiiy “nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??” aeey aeei?enoaiiy o
aeine?aeaeaii?. Oea eiiieaen ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia ? caoiae?a,
ni?yiiaaieo ia a?aeiiaeaiiy a ae?oae c o?ce/ieie aaaeaie a ?icaeoeo
iaeneiaeueii? naiino?eiino? a ??cieo aeaeao ae?yeueiino? c i??i?eoaoii
?a?iai?, cie?aia: a?oioiaia ia?ciai?noue iaaeaaiaa c iiaeeeainoyie
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo aeoiaaioe?a c o?aooaaiiyi
caeiiii??iinoae oi?ioaaiiy ?o aiioe?eii-aieueiai? oa ?ooiai? noa?;
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiiaeaieo oi?i aca?iiae?? aei?ineiai c ae?oueie;
i?aee??ieaiiy iiaaae?iee ae?oae ca ac??oeai ?ooiai? ae?yeueiino?;
aca?iiiiaaaa ? aca?iiaeia??a a i?e?ia?oiao ae?oae ca o/anoth aei?ineeo
(iaaeaaia?a, aaouee?a); oi?ioaaiiy a ae?oae oyaeaiue i?i aieea
iiceoeaieo aiioe?eieo i?iya?a oa ?ooiaeo yeinoae ia aeinyaiaiiy
iiaeaeueoeo oni?o?a.
“Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y” ae?oae c a?aeoeeaiiyie a
?icaeoeo ?ooiai? noa?e ia? /?oeo niaoeeo?eo. ?? ie?ai? aniaeoe ii/anoe
aeine?aeaeaii. Cie?aia, aeiaaaeaii iiceoeaiee aoaeo a?ae aaaaoi?aciaiai
aieeao iaeiiiai?oieo ?oo?a, ye ni?iae ?ica’ycaiiy ?iaeea?aeii iaaiiai
caaaeaiiy a a??, ui eiaeo?oueny a iiceo “iiaeaeeth iio??aiiai
iaeaooiueiai” /I. Aa?iooaei/, iaa?oioiaaii aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy
?a?ioa?ai?? a nenoai? ?aaa?e?oaoe?eieo cania?a aieeao ia ae?oae
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo /O.Iaoeyoeiaa/, ae?th ye ?ioaa?aeueio oi?io
naiiae?aaeaiiy iniaenoino? /O.Aaoa?, Ae.Aeueeii?i, A.Caiueeianueeee,
A.Oaoaiei, A.A?eue/eianueeee oa ?i./, i?inoaaeaii ?aei?noue ae?? e ?ooo
ye oi?i ciai?oiueiai aeyao aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?aiai noaio iniaenoino?
/E.?ca?ae/, aea/aii a?o ye oi?aa?naeueiee aeae aeoeaii? ae?yeueiino?
aeey naii?aae?caoe?? iniaenoino? aeioe?eueieea /E.A?oaiiaa,
A.Aeaionueea, A.A?eue/eianueeee, ?.Ianotheiaa/, anoaiiaeaii ooieoe??
oaioacoaaiiy a ?icaeoeo aiioe?eii? noa?e, oaeineiiaeaiiy iniaeno?nieo
yeinoae /A.Caiueeianueeee, ?. AEoeianueea, O. ?eai oa ?i./. Ie aeoiaeeee
c oiai, ui iaai? ooieoe?iiaeuei? a?aeoeeaiiy o o?ce/iiio ?icaeoeo
?i?oe?ththoue iiyao, a iaaeae? e iiaeeaeaiiy i?iya?a ineo?/ii?
aeai?eaaoe??, ye? iaiaaeothoue ia eeoa o?ce/iee ?icaeoie, a e iaaaoeaii
aieeaathoue ia ??ci? noa?e iniaenoino?, oo?oaeiththoue ia?aa?a aeeoo?ai
aaaeeeaeo i?ioean?a o e?ecia? ia??iaee ?? oi?ioaaiiy, i?aaeththoue
iniaeno?ni? ?ene. Oieeiooe cao?eiee a ineoio?ce/iiio aeic??aaii? iiaeia,
aaaaea?ii, ca oiia oi?ioaaiiy iaae/ie ??cieo oi?i ni?eeoaaiiy,
aa?iii?caoe?? aca?iei c iaeiie?oeaie ? aei?ineeie, ei?aeoe??
iniaeno?nieo yeinoae ? naiiioe?iee.
O ?acoeueoao? aiae?co aace aeine?aeaeaiiy, a o./. iaoa??ae?a
iiooeiai-?ica?aeoaaeueiiai aoaio aenia?eiaioo anoaiiaeaii, ui oe?eeii
i?aaii??ii ?icaeyaeaoe nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/io ?aaa?e?oaoe?th ye yaeua
aoi?eiia, yea ?i?oe?th?oueny aeacaaeaioaoe??th iniaenoino?. A aeey
aeinyaiaiiy i/?eoaaieo ?acoeueoao?a nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae??oaeueia cia/aiiy ia? aea/aiiy iaaeaaiaii iniaeno?nieo
oa?aeoa?enoee ae?oae c aaaeaie o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo, aiae?c noaaeaiiy
aeeoeie aei nai?? aaaee, oi?i ?? ?aaaoaaiiy ia i?aaeiaoia aeiae?eey, a
o./. aei?ineeo, aeyao niinia?a aeoeaiino? noiniaii naaa ? noiniaii
iaeiie?oe?a.
A?ae neeaaeiino? aeai?eaiaaieo i?ioean?a aecia/aeueiith i??ith
caeaaeeoue aeia?? aeae?a ae?yeueiino? aeey ae?oae, oi?i ?o i?aai?caoe??
? cania?a ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai aieeao ia eiaeiiai aeoiaaioey.
Ia ??cieo aoaiao ?icaeoeo oai??? ? i?aeoeee aeioe?eueii? iaaeaaia?ee
ci?no e?aaoe?eieo, eiiiainaoe?eieo oa ?yooaaeueieo caoiae?a uiaei ae?oae
c aaaeaie aeaui a?ae??ciyany a?ae no/anieo /a?ac iaaeinoaoith
aeine?aeaeai?noue i?iaeaie. A inoaii? ?iee a oiiaao caaino?aiiy
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe?? i?iaeaia nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aaa?e?oaoe?? i?eaa?ioea oaaao a/aieo, aea?aeaaieo ae?y/?a. Oea
a?aeaeeiny ia ooaaeaii? iecee iinoaiia, ??oaiue oa i?aaiaeo aeo?a.
O/aieie aeoeaii ?ic?iaeythoueny ei?aeoe?ei? iaoiaeeee, caoiaee oa oiiae
aeey aeinyaiaiiy i/?eoaaiiai aoaeoo ?aaa?e?oaoe?? o/i?a c aaaeaie a
?icaeoeo ?oo?a /I.Eiaai, ?.Eieaniee, A.A?eai?aiei, A.Na?i??a,
A.??aiaiei, TH. Eyiiie oa ?i./. Aeey iiceoeaiiai ?ica’ycaiiy caaaeaiue
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? aeioe?eueiee?a c a?aeoeeaiiyie a
?icaeoeo ?ooiai? noa?e aaaaea?ii ca aeioe?eueia noai?eoe iaeaaei? oiiae
aeey aeoeaiino? eiaeiiai aeoiaaioey; ooaa?aeaeoaaoe eiai a iaiao?aeiino?
naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy; aaeaeaaoii iaeaooiaoaaoe i?e?ina?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?; i?aeo?eioaaoe aeia?ice/eea?noue ? aoiaii?noue ye
ii?io a noinoieao c iaeiie?oeaie ? aei?ineeie; aeiae?aoe caoiaee
aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eiiai ci?noo aeey ?a?iai? ae?yeueiino?; aeeth/aoe
a ??ci? aeaee aeoeaiino?, ye? noeioeththoue naiiae?aaeaiiy aioo??oiueiai
noaio iniaenoino? oa iiaeieaiiy iath aeya?a ineo?/ii? aeai?eaaoe??
(i?aoey, naiino?eia ooaeiaeiy oai?/?noue oa ?i.).
Iiaeaeueoa noaiiaeaiiy iniaenoino? aecia/a?oueny ia no?eueee ci?iith
ciai?oi?o oiia, ne?eueee a?oioo?oueny ia iniaeno?nieo ooai?aiiyo, ye?
oi?iothoueny a aeioe?eueiiio a?oe?. Aiae?c a/aieie / I.Ceie?i,
I.Eieueoeiaa / aiioe?e oa ii/ooo?a o ae?oae c o?ce/ieie aaaeaie ? oeo
iniaeno?nieo ci?i, ye? a?aeaoaathoueny i?ae aieeaii oiia
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??, na?ae/eoue i?i iaai? ci?ie ? a
i?ciaaaeueieo i?ioeanao. Ioiae aaaeeeaei ? oi?ioaaiiy ia eeoa ?ooiai?,
a, aiaeii/an, ? aiioe?eii-/ooo?ai? oa ae??ai-aieueiai? noa?.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? “Oai?/a a?a ye can?a
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo”
aecia/aii i?noea oai?/i? a?e a ae?yeueiino? ae?oae ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue.
Aeyaeaii, ui a?eueo?noue o/aieo /E. A?oaiiaa, Ae. Aeueeii?i, A.
Caiueeianueeee, E. Oaeceiaa oa ?i./ ?icaeyaeathoue a?o ye
ae?yeuei?noue, yea ia caaaeaee nie?a?oueny ia oyaeaiiy c ?aaeueiiai
aeeooy, a i?aai?ciao?oueny ae?oueie ca?aaee caaeiaieaiiy, yea aeieea? a
ieo oi?iaeiaae aeeiiaiiy ?a?iaeo ae?e ca ??cieo ?a?iaeo neooaoe?e. A?a ?
nai???aeiei iie?aiiii aeey naiiaeyaeaiiy aioo??oiuei? nooiino?
iniaenoino? aeioe?eueieea, a caaaeyee ianiac?, ui a?aeia?aaea? ??
noaaeaiiy aei aeiae?eey e i?aaiaiiy eiai ci?ieoe ? ia?aoai?eoe,
caeeaaeathoueny i?aeaaeeie aeeoy/i? oai?/ino?.
A a?? ae?oe ??ciia?/ii o?aiothoue nai? neee, aiaeii/an, aiie a?athoue ia
aeey ai?aaeyiue, aeey ieo ?a?e iaiiaiai? aioo??oi?i ci?noii, yeee
caoiieth? oai?/ith iai?oaeai?noth, caoe?eaaeai?noth nthaeaoii, ??cieie
aiioe?eieie ia?aaeeaaiiyie. A?a ni?yiiao? ?ioaeaeo aeeoeie ca
aiioe?eii-ae?eiaeie ia?aaeeaaiiyie. Oai?/a a?a, ia aaaeeeaino? yei?
aeacoaaee E.Aeaionueeee, Ae.Aeueeii?i, N.?oa?iooaei, I.Oniaa
aeei?enoaia iaie caaaeyee ?? aeanoeaino? a?aeia?aaeaoe oa?aeoa? ae?e
ae?oae o aeaio iniiaieo aniaeoao: ia?aaea/? ci?noo ioi/aiiy aeeoeie;
ae?aaeaiiy aioo??oiueiai na?oo iniaenoino?, ?? ?aaeueieo ii/ooo?a ?
ia?aaeeaaiue. O no?oeoo?oaaii? oai?/eo ?ai?-eiiieaen?a c aeeth/aiiyi o
?o ci?no ??cieo aeae?a ae?yeueiino? ae?oae ie nie?aeeny ia aeniiaee
E.A?oaiiai?, ?.AEoeianueei?, A.A?eai?aiei oa ?i. i?i oai?/o a?o, eio?a
iiaeaeth? ?aaeuei?noue. Ia oe?e i?aenoaa? ?icoe?thaaeanue ?
caaaa/oaaeanue oaiaoeea ?ai?, caaacia/oth/e aeoea?caoe?th an?o noa?
iniaenoino? oa a?aeoai?aiiy iath yne?aaeo ia?ac?a i?ney ?o
aaciina?aaeiueiai aieeao.
Iaaeaaia?/i? iiaeeeaino? oai?/i? a?e a i?ioean?
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae ni?aaaeaeothoueny ca
aeio?eiaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo oiia: caaaa/aiiy ci?noo ?aaeueieo oyaeaiue
aeoiaaioe?a i?i aeiae?eey; aeoea?caoe?? oai?/i? oyae oa noai?aiiy
neooaoe?? aeey naiiaeyaeaiiy ae?oae; iiina?aaeeiaaii? o/ano? aei?ineiai,
yea ni?yiiao?oueny ia caaaa/aiiy nthaeaoo ?ai? oiui. Aeey aeic??aaiiy
o?ce/ieo ooieoe?e aeeoy/iai i?aai?cio aaaeeeaeie ? i?e?iaei? ?ooe
aeeoeie a a??, ye? iiaeaeththoueny a noai? ia?aaeeaaiue i?ae aieeaii
oiai /e ?ioiai ci?noo. O?aioaaiiy aioo??oi?o nee ia aeeeth/a?
aaeineiiaeaiiy ?oo?a ? ae?e, ui noeioeththoue i?eaaaeaiiy i?aai?cio
aeeoeie aei aeniei? ?ooiai? aeoeaiino?, ii?iae?co? ?? noinoiee c
iaaeieeoi?ie.
Aaaeeeaeie aeey iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iieiaeaiiy a/aieo
/I.Caii?iaeaoeue, A.A?eue/eianueeee oa ?i./ noiniaii o?a?eoi??? ?oo?a
/e, oae caaiiai, iaethiea ae??, yeee eiaeia aeeoeia a a?? a?aeoai?th?
ii-nai?io, ui ? caaacia/o? iiaoaii?noue on?o ?? ?ooiaeo ae?e ca?aeii
oiai /e ?ioiai ia?aco. A caii/aoeiaaiiio aenia?eiaio? ae?oe ia aiineee
a?ae/ooieo ci?i o nthaeao; oe?ii?noue oai?/i? a?e ie aaa/aee o oiio, ui
?a?ia? ae?? caaaa/oaaee ci?no oyaeaiue ae?oae i?i aeiae?eey,
iiaeaethth/e ?o o ??ci? oi?ie ?ooiai? ae?yeueiino?. A oiiaao
oyaethaaiiai nthaeaoo aaeineiiaethaaeeny o?ce/i? neee aeoiaaioe?a, a
ia?ai? ?ie? noeioethaaee ?o oai?/o oyao, iaoai?cie iiaioaaiiy ii?iaie
iiaaae?iee, ui aeiaaaei a?ae ae?oae nooo?aeo coneeue ? ei?aeoe?? ia
oeyoo iiaeieaiiy iaaiaaiaiino?, no?aoo oiui. Ca oaeeo oiia ae?oe
iiaiiaoaaee i?eeiiaie naiiaeoiaaiiy, aeyaeyee aieueia? coneeey,
aeieath/e o?oaeiiu?, oiaoi, ea?oth/e nai?ie aiioe?yie oa ii/oooyie.
Iaaeaaia caaacia/oaaa ?iaeea?aeoae?caoe?th e aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th aieea?a
ia eiaeiiai aeoiaaioey.
Ia aoai? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe c ae?oueie ie ?icaeyaeaee oi?ioaaiiy
?o iiceoeaieo aiioe?eii-aieueiaeo yeinoae ye iniiaia caaaeaiiy ei?aeoe??
ooieoe?iiaeueieo iaiaaeaiue ?ooiai? noa?e. Oea ia?aaeaa/aei ia eeoa
aeia?? iniaeeaiai ci?noo e aaeaeaaoieo iaoiae?a iaa/aiiy, /?oea ?o
i?iaiicoaaiiy, a e noai?aiiy a?aeiia?aeieo i?aai?caoe?eii-iaaeaaia?/ieo
oiia aeey cae?eniaiiy ina?oiuei-aeoiaii? ?iaioe c ae?oueie caaeey ?o
aeeth/aiiy a ??ci? aeaee ae?yeueiino?. A?a ni?yiiaoaaeanue ia oi?ioaaiiy
iniaenoino? aeeoeie, yeui ?? ci?no ni?eya ?icaeoeo oyae, oaioac??,
oai?/iai ia?ainieneaiiy a?aaeaiue aeeoeie. Oai?/?noue ae?oae a ?a?ia?e
ae?yeueiino? ioiiethaaea aeoiai? e i?ciaaaeuei? eiiiiiaioe, ui
canoiniaoaaeenue o a?oiia?e ?a?ioa?ai?? – oai?/eo ?a?ao-eiiieaenao.
I?ae oai?/eie ?a?aie-eiiieaenaie ie ?icoi?ee oae? niaoe?aeueii
ciiaeaeueiaai? iaaeaaia?/i? eiino?oeoe??, a yeeo aeey ae?yeueiino?
ae?oae ? ea??aieoeoaa ieie aeei?enoiaoaaeeny ?a?ia? aeaiaioe (?a?ia?
?ie?, oyaethaaia neooaoe?y, ?a?ia? caniae, i?aaeea), ni?yiiaai? ia
noai?aiiy iaioii?i?/ieo ? ieanoe/ieo aothae?a, eiieo?n?a oa ?i. A?ao?/ii
eiiieaen iiaeaii a noai? 1.
O no?oeoo?? ?a?iaeo eiiieaen?a aeaa eiiiiiaioe: aeeaeaeoe/iee oa
?a?iaee. ?o aca?iiae?y ? ?aae?caoe?y a?aeaoaaeeny: iinoaiiaeith
aeeaeaeoe/ii? iaoe o oi?i? ?a?iaiai caaaeaiiy; aeei?enoaiiyi canai?iiai
iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo ye caniao a?e; noai?aiiyi ? canoinoaaiiyi
ieanoe/ieo aothae?a, iaioii?i?/ieo eiieo?n?a oiui. Ca /eii?noth a
i?ioean? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? aeai? eiiiiiaioe ?icaeyaeaeenue ye ??aiicia/i?.
Aeeaeaeoe/iith iaoith aecia/aany ?a?iaee caaeoi, i?aaeea ? ?ieueiaa
aca?iiae?y. Icia/ai? eiiiiiaioe iaee iaa/aeueio, aeoiaio, icaei?ia/o oa
i?io?eaeoe/io iaoo. A ?a?ia?e neooaoe?? a?aeaoaaeeny aaaaoi?acia?
o?aioaaiiy ae?oae a ?ooao, c yeeie aiie iciaeiieeeny ?ai?oa. Neooaoe?y
aoea ?a?iaith eeoa ca oi?iith, a ca aeeaeaeoe/iith ooieoe??th –
ni?yiiaoaaeany ia ?ica’ycaiiy eiie?aoii-icia/aiiai caaaeaiiy. Iaa/aeueia
caaaeaiiy a ?a?ia?e neooaoe?? iaoiiaethaaei aea?? ae?e eiaeiith
aeeoeiith.
Noaia 1
No?oeoo?a oai?/i? a?e-eiiieaeno
Oa?aeoa? ae?e aecia/aany ia eeoa ?ieeth, yeo a?aea ia naaa eiaeia
aeeoeia, a e caianii iioaioe?eieo iiaeeeainoae ?? ?ooiai? noa?e. A?a
?icaeyaeaeany ye oi?aa?naeueiee aeae ae?yeueiino?, a oiiaao yeiai
aoaeue-yeee nthaeao ?aaeueiino? ia?aaiaeeany a ?a?iaee caaeoi c
i?eoaiaiieie eiio oai?/ith oyaith, oaioacoaaiiyi, aiioe?yie. A iaaeao
oai?/i? a?e-eiiieaeno ?ioaa?oaaeany ?? ?aaeueia iniiaa – aeiae?eey c
oai?/?noth eiaeii? aeeoeie.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae ?aaa?e?oaoe??
ae?oae caniaaie oai?/i? a?e” c’yniaaii oa?aeoa? oeo i?iya?a ineo?/ii?
aeai?eaaoe?? a iiaaae?ioe? ae?oae, ye? iathoue o?ce/i? iaiaaeaiiy.
Eiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaio i?iaiaeeany a o?ueio iai?yieao. Ia ia?oiio –
aea/aeenue ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee oa ea?oee
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai ianoaaeaiiy noaio caei?ia’y ae?oae aeey c’ynoaaiiy
i?e/ei a?aeoeeaiue o eiaeii? aeeoeie; aeyaeyeeny iane?aeee ineo?/ii?
aeai?eaaoe?? oa noaaeaiiy ae?oae aei nai?? aaaee. Aiae?c
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee oa ea?oie ianoaaeaiiy noaio
caei?ia’y ae?oae aeicaieea aeae?eeoe ?icoiiaee ?icaeoie ye a?aeiia?aeiee
aei ?oiueiai a?eo; o?ce/iee oa aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?aee – iicia/aiee
cia/ieie a?aenoaaaiiyie a?ae ii?ie. 86 % ae?oae oai??thoue a?ae
ia?iaeaeaiiy, aeey 14% ae?oae oea noaei iane?aeeii ia?aianaiiai a
?aiiueiio a?oe? iai?iaiaioeaoae?oo, iie?ii??e?oo, ia?eiaoaeueieo
o?aaeaiue OeIN. Ca?aeii oei?caoe??, ie aeae?eeee oae? i?e?ia?oie ae?oae:
a?oia A – caoai?thaaiiy AeOeI (65 %), ioiieth? ianooii? oi?ie –
nianoe/ia aeeieaa?y (a?aaeaiiy ieaei?o e?ioe?aie, ui i?iyaey?oueny
a?eueoa, i?ae aa?oi?o – 24%); aoii?/ii-anoaoe/ia oi?ia (ii?ooaia
eii?aeeiaoe?y ?oo?a – 14%); aai?ia?aoe/ia oi?ia (ii?ooai? ooieoe??
iaeii?iaiieo e?ioe?aie – 27%); a?oia A – ia?ae?/ A?aa (?iaeiaa o?aaia
c ii?ooaiiyie nooiaeeeey ?oe – 11%); a?oia A – ?io? caoai?thaaiiy (24%),
a naia: eeeoiiia?noue – 11%; ieineinoii?noue – 5%; neie?ic – 3%; aeaeoe
eoeueoiaeo noaeia?a – 5%. On? oi?ie ia?aaoaathoue ia ?aii?e ? ii/aoeia?e
?aceaeoaeuei?e noaae?? caoai?thaaiiy, ioiae, ca oaa?aeaeaiiyie a/aieo
?.Eaeeaeithe, ?.Ee?e/aiei, E.Naiaiiai? oa ?i., ca aeio?eiaiiy iaeaaeieo
oiia iathoue ia?niaeoeao a?aeiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?ooiaeo ? ineo?/ieo
ooieoe?e.
Eiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaio aeiiii?a aeyaeoe, ui /a?ac iaaaoeai? ci?ie a
ineo?oe? ae?oae aei oiia aeeoy/iai naaeea aaeaiooaaeeny eeoa 16%, o
cia/ii? e?eueeino? (84%) iiceoeai? yeino? noi?iaiaeaeoaaeeny aenieith
a?aceea?noth, o?eaiaei?noth, caieiai?noth, caieaeaiith naiiioe?ieith
oiui. Ia iniia? c?a?aiiai aenia?eiaioaeueiiai iaoa??aeo oeyoii
canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeeee “Aeaa?e iio??aia iaee//y” anoaiiaeaii, ui
ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ae?oae (89 % ) aeyaey? na?aaei?e ??aaiue
o?eaiaeiino?, 11% – aenieee; ca?aeii iaoiaeeee “sseee ss”, anoaiiaeaii,
ui ae?oyi i?eoaiaiiee aenieee – 8 % , na?aaei?e – 22%, iecueeee – 46%
oa aeoaea iecueeee – 24% ??ai? naiiioe?iee. Ca iiaeeo?eiaaiith
iaoiaeeeith aeyaeaii ??ai? iaa?thaaiino? ae?oae. Io?eiai? aeai?
na?ae/aoue, ui aeey 40% ae?oae a?i aenieee, aeineoue aenieee ?
na?aaei?e o 30% oa a 13% a?aeiia?aeii, a iecueeee o 11%
aeine?aeaeoaaieo. Eeoa 5% ae?oae cana?ae/eee a?aenooi?noue
iaa?thaaiino?. Ia i?aenoaa? iaoiaeeee “No?ao” anoaiiaeaii aiioe?eiee
no?ao ye aeii?ioth/o oi?io (65%), ui ?i?oe?eiaaia ia?aaoaaiiyi ae?oae ia
i?aeaeuaii? (8%), iciaeiieaiiyi c eaceiaeie aa?iyie (8%),
ia?nii?o?eiaaieie oaa?eiaie (3%), o?ainii?oii (5%) , ioi/oth/eie
(11%), aeeiiaiiyi ianiiae?aaieo ??ceeo ?oo?a (11%). Eeoa 11% ae?oae
aiyoueny oai?iae, a 8 % – e?ea??a ? oeie?a.? o?eueee a 35% ae?oae
ii/oooy no?aoo aoaenooi?.
Ia i?aenoaa? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeaii iniiai? i?e/eie, ye? ?i?oe?thaaee
ai?a ? iao?aiiy ae?oae – a?aenooi?noue aaouee?anueei? oaaae, aeao?oeeo
aeia?ioe, eaa?aeiiai noaaeaiiy, aaeaeoae?noue aei ?o aiiaeiaaiue oa
?ioa?an?a. Oae? ae?oe aeyaeyee aa?an?th o oi?i? iaaaeiaieaiiy, i?ioanoo
? ceino?. Iaea?aeai? aeai? cana?ae/eee oaeo ??aiaao oa?aeoa?enoeeo
icia/aiiai i?iyao ii/ooo?a: aenieee ??aaiue – 13%; na?aaei?e – 60 %;
iecueeee – 27 % ae?oae. Aiioe?eiee noai, anoaiiaeaiee iaie ca
iaoiaeeeith “Oeaea eieuei?iaiai ae?aiaciio iano?ith”, na?ae/eoue, ui
aeii?iaioaie ? o?eaiaei?noue (8%), iaaaeiaieai?noue niaith (22%),
ia/aeue (14%), iaaecia/ai?noue (11%), iaaei??ia aiioe?eia caoaeaeai?noue
(22%), ??cea iiey?i?noue a aiioe?eieo noaiao (5%). Niie?eiee, i?e?iiee
iano??e niinoa??aa?oueny eeoa o 18 % ae?oae.
Ca?aeii aeaieo iaoiaeo o?iiiiaoe/iiai niinoa?aaeaiiy anoaiiaeaii, ui
ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ae?oae (73%) eaaei anooiathoue o eiioaeo c
iaeiie?oeaie ? eeoa iacia/ia /anoeia (27%) onai?oiththoueny e ia
aeyaeythoue aaaeaiiy a?aoeny. Iniiaieie iioeaaie aei o/ano? a a?? ?
“i?aeei?aiiy aei?ineiio” (84%) ? “aaaeaiiy iane?aeoaaoe aei?ineeo”
(16%). Aeania aaaea oo?ao? 75% ae?oae, oeiaeeoue ?i o ?ooao, a aeey 14%
ae?oae oai?iaa ? i?eieaeaiiyi. Ia ?aaaothoue ia naith aaaeo 8% ae?oae ?
eeoa 3% aioia? ?? iiaeieaoe. Ia iniia? c?a?aiiai aenia?eiaioaeueiiai
iaoa??aeo iaie anoaiiaeai? i?iyae ineo?/ii? aeai?eaaoe?? – no?ao,
o?eaiaei?noue, iaa?thaai?noue, caaeuaia naiiioe?iea, iaaaoeaia noaaeaiiy
aei aaaee.
Ia ae?oaiio aoai? eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo ie c’ynoaaee aieea aaaee ?
ineo?/ii? aeai?eaaoe?? ia ?ooia? ae?? ae?oae, canoiniaoth/e
niinoa?aaeaiiy ai?iaeiaae aa?aniy – aeiaoiy (a?aioe? ii 2 ?ace
uioeaeiaai ? aiaeia?/ii a ?? iieiaeio aeiy). O?eaae?noue niinoa?aaeaiue
35 oa. – 1 aiae., anueiai – 32 ca eiaeiei aeoiaaioeai. Ca?aeii
iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeae?eaii oae? oa?aeoa?enoeee iniiaieo ?oo?a:
oiaeueaa ii?ooo?oueny /a?ac ?iaioo ieaei?o e?ioe?aie (24%),
ae??caeaoi?noue ?oe (19%), aeaoi?iaoe?th o?aaoa (22%), ae??caeaoi?noue
ieaei?o ? aa?oi?o e?ioe?aie (27%) ? eeoa o 8% ae?oae ia niinoa??aa?oueny
cacia/aieo ii?ooaiue. Aiaeia?/ii oiaeuea? aeeiiothoueny ai?aae c a?ao. O
no?eaeao a?aenooi? ocaiaeaeaiiy ??cieo a?oi i’yc?a (81%);
a?aeooiaooaaiiy – i?ecaieaiiy (11%), i?aaeeueii aeeiiothoue – 8% ae?oae.
Ai?aae c ??aiiaaae aeinooii? eeoa 8% ae?oae, 87% – aeeiiaee ie?ai?
aeaiaioe, 5% ae?oae cacia/ai? ai?aae ia aeeiiothoue cian?i. Iaoaiiy
oaeiae aeeeeeaei o?oaeiiu? a iaaii? e?eueeino? ae?oae (40%), a?eueoa
?o /anoeia (60% ) aeeiiothoue eiai i?aaeeueii. Ai?aae c eac?iiy
a?iianoe/iith no?ieith oa eaiaoii ciiaee aeeiiaoe naiino?eii eeoa 8%
ae?oae, 92% aeai? ai?aae aeeiiothoue o?eueee c aeiiiiiaith aeoiaaoaey.
Ia o?aoueiio aoai? ie aeyaeyee i?noea ei?aeoe?eieo oai?/eo
?ai?-eiiieaen?a o nenoai? ?iaioe aeoiaaoae?a aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a,
ioiieaieo aenia?eiaioii. Oaiaoeea oai?/eo ?ai? iaiaaeaia, ?o ieaioaaiiy
aacnenoaiia ? iaiine?aeiaia, a ci?no? a?aenooi? oneeaaeiaiiy oyaeaiue, a
no?oeoo?oaaiiy ?ai?-eiiieaen?a noaiaoe/ia ? aeia?/ia. Iaoa??aeueia
iniauaiiy aeeoy/eo iaeaeai/ee?a ? i?ei?uaiue aeey caiyoue c ?ooiaith
aeoeai?noth i?iaeoiaia, iaeiae, caniae aeey ?ieueiaiai naiiae?aaeaiiy
ae?oae iaiaaeai? e?euee?nii ? oaiaoe/ii. Ioiae, na?aaeiaeua, yea
?i?oe?thaaei a iaeaaeio i?aaeiaoii-?a?iao ae?yeuei?noue ae?oae oa
caaeiaieueiyei a ?o ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? oa ni?euei? caaeoie, noeioethth/e e
caaacia/oth/e ?o oai?/?noue – a?aenooiy.
O oi?ioth/iio aenia?eiaio? ?ic?iaeaii aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eio iiaeaeue
iiaoaiii? aa?iii?caoe?? ?oo?a ae?oae, ye? iaee a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae ii?ie
/a?ac o?ce/i? aaaee aeey aaeineiiaeaiiy ?o aeeoo?aiaaaeeeaeo yeinoae
?ooiai? noa?e oa ei?aeoe?? iane?aee?a aeai?eaaoe?? ( aeea. noaio 2 ).
Icia/aia aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eia iiaeaeue aeeth/aea i’youe
aca?iiiia’ycaieo aoai?a: aiae?oeei-neioaoe/iee,
iiaeeaeaii-iciaeiiethaaeueiee, ?ai?iaeoeoeaii-iane?aeoaaeueiee,
?i?oaoe?eii-oai?/ee, o?ainiiceoe?eiee.
Ia ia?oiio aoai? (aiae?oeei-neioaoe/iiio) uiaei oai “?ineeie” ?
“Oaa?eie” /eiii? i?ia?aie “Iaeyoei” a?ae?a?aii 14 ? 22 iii?iaoe??
a?aeiia?aeii, cae?eniaii ?o iieiiiiiaioiee ooieoe?iiaeueiee aiae?c,
aeae?eaii iniiai? noeioethth/? oaeoi?e i?e?iaeiiai aeiae?eey oa ?o
naiiaeinoaoi?noue ye oiiae ?ooo, a?ae?a?aii ia?aci? ae?ace, caioi/oth/?
i?eeiie, ia?a- oa aeno?ae?iaa?noe/i? caniae.
Noaia 2
Aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eia iiaeaeue aeei?enoaiiy ?ai?-eiiieaen?a
?
??
Noaae??
A A
A
???
Noaae??
A A
A
?V
V
Ae?oaee aoai (iiaeeaeaii-iciaeiiethaaeueiee) ni?yiiaoaaany ia ia?ao?ae
ae?oae a?ae iaoai?/iiai iane?aeoaaiiy aei ona?aeiieaiiai, oeyoii
iiaeeaeaiiy oyaeaiue i?i oaoi?eo ?ooo, eiai no?oeoo?o, ona?aeiieaiiy
cia/aiiy iine?aeiaiiai aeeiiaiiy ae?e aeey iaeneiaeueiiai iaaeeaeaiiy
aei ac??oey. ?iaioa ia?aaeaa/aea aei?aaeaiiy iiieeie, iaoi/iinoae,
ei?aeoe?th iiaaae?iee.
O?ao?e aoai (?ai?iaeoeoeaii-iane?aeoaaeueiee) ia?aaeaa/aa aeoea?caoe?th
?ooiai? ae?yeueiino? ae?oae, aeoea?coth/e iaeaea? neaiaeuei? nenoaie. Ia
noaae?? A aeaiiai aoaio i?aeoeeoaaeanue ??cia o?eaae?noue
iane?aeoaaeueieo ?oo?a aeey eiaeii? aeeoeie, ia noaae?? A – oae?
ai?aaeyiiy aeey an?o o?eaaee aeaa oeaei? caaaeyee noi?iiaaii? aioiaiino?
aeieaoe o?oaeiiu?, a oaeiae canoinoaaiiy oe?iei? aa??aoeaiino? ae?e,
ioce/iiai noi?iaiaeo, cania?a naiiae?aaeaiiy. A?aeiia?aeii aei o?aoueiai
aoaio ?ic?iaeaii ocaaaeueiaio noaio ?iaioe c ae?oueie ca ci?noii
eiaeiiai ?ooo e anoaiiaeaii oaeo iine?aeiai?noue ?iaioe iaae eiai
iiaioaaiiyi: iacaa ?ooo – aeie?aieaiiy ?ooiai? aeii?iaioe – aiae?c
ii?aeueii-anoaoe/ii? aeioe?eueiino? – oa?aeoa?enoeea aeiiii?aeieo ae?e –
ia?ae?e cania?a ae?aciino? – i?eiouaiiy uiaei eiai ia?nii?o?eaoe??.
*aoaa?oee (?i?oaoe?eii-oai?/ee) aoai ia?aiinea na?oini?eeiaiiy aeeoeiith
?oo?a ia ??aaiue ia?aaeeaaiiy ?oiuei? e?ane c aacoiiaiith iii?ith ia
eiioo?iee ia?ac ? c aeio?eiaiiyi ?o oaoiieia??. Iniiaio ?ieue iieeaaeaee
ia oai?/o a?o, aeiiii?aeio – ia oai?/? caaaeaiiy, caaaeaiiy – caieoaiiy,
caaaaeee, iaioii?i?/i? ai?aae, ieanoe/i? aothaee oiui. Iaoiaee/ia
caaacia/aiiy aoaio iie?aeiny ia ?ic?iaeaio iaie nenoaio iine?aeiaiiai
ia?aoiaeo ae?oae a?ae ?i?oaoe?? ?oo?a aei oai?/i? ?ii?ia?caoe??:
iane?aeoaaiiy – naiino?eiee aea?? c iiaeaeueoei aeeiiaiiyi – ?ieueiaa
aeaii??i?noue – ?ieueiaa aaaaoii??i?noue.
Ia i’yoiio (o?ainiiceoe?eiiio) aoai? oi?ioaaeanue iia?euei?noue ?oo?a,
?o ia?aianaiiy a ci?ii? oiiae ??cieo aeae?a ae?yeueiino? ca oiiae
aeio?eiaiiy noaa?eueieo iiceoeaieo aiioe?e ? ii/ooo?a, i?aeoeeoaaeanue
iaeaaeia iaoa??aeueia ianoaiiaea, aeiaeaoeia? caniae naiiae?aaeaiiy
ae?oae a ?ooao oiui.
Ia i?ee?ioeaaiio aoai? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaaaeaii eiio?ieuei? c?noaai?
c??ce c iaoith aeyaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeaii? iaie
aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eii? iiaeae? aaaaeaiiy ae?oae a iniiai? ?ooe.
Ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iniaeno?nieo yeinoae
ae?oae cana?ae/o? ?o iiceoeaio ci?io: aenieee ??aaiue o?eaiaeiino?
ciaioeany ia 8%; naiiioe?iea iecueeiai oa aeoaea iecueeiai ??ai?a
iaaeeceeanue aei aaeaeaaoii? a?aeiia?aeii o 13% oa 16% aeioe?eueiee?a;
ii/oooy no?aoo, yea niinoa??aaeiny o 65% ae?oae, caeeoeeinue i?eoaiaiiei
eeoa 40%; e?eoe/ia i?aeaeaoeea?noue noa’?eoa aieeao in?a-ii?eoi?a, i?ney
i?iaaaeaiiy ei?eaoth/i? ?iaioe niinoa??aa?oueny o?eueee o 30%; aenieee
??aaiue aa?aneaiino? aeyaeaiee o 3% ae?oae, oiae? ye ia ii/aoeo
aeine?aeaeaiiy a?i i?iyaeyany a 13% aeioe?eueiee?a.
Cacia/ai? ?acoeueoaoe na?ae/aoue i?i iioaioe?ei? iiaeeeaino? oai?/i? a?e
ye caniao ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae, ui iathoue a?aeoeeaiiy
aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?ai? noa?e, ni?e/eiai? aaaeith o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo.
O ?acoeueoao? niinoa?aaeaiue ca iniiaieie ?ooaie ie io?eiaee oae?
iieacieee: o 5% ae?oae iie?aueeeny ?acoeueoaoe a iaieiae?ii?
i?aaeeueiith oiaeueaith, a?aii oa no?eaeaie; 13% – aeeiiothoue no?eaee a
aeiaaeeio c i?noey, /a?ac “no?oiie” naiino?eii; 68% – iaa/eeeny
i?aaeeueii iaoaoe oi?aeiee c i?neii ? eoeueee ia aeaeuei?noue oa a
ai?eciioaeueio oe?eue; 13% – iaieiae?ee i?aaeeueiei niiniaii eacaiiy ii
a?iianoe/i?e no?ioe?; 11% – i?aaeeueii aeeiiothoue ai?aae c ??aiiaaae ?
86% aeeiiothoue ?o naiino?eii i?ney i?iaaaeaiiy a?aeiia?aeii? ?iaioe,
oi/a c ie?aieie ia??oaie.
Ioiae, a?ath/enue, ai?aaeyth/enue o i?ioean? ?a?iai? ae?yeueiino? a
ie?aieo ?ooao (iai?eeeaae, a?aeoai?eoe iie?o ioaoee, iino?eaaoe ye
“cae/ee”; iioiaeeoe, ye /aiey oiui), ae?oe cia/ii e?aua iiaioaaee
oaoi?eith iniiaieo ?oo?a, ui, ye aeiaaaeaii aeua, ?i?oe?th?
aaeineiiaeaiiy aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?ai? noa?e.
O aeniiaeao aeeeaaeaii iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, aieiai? c ieo
oae?: 1. Aeooaeuei?noue ia?aii? iaoeiai? i?iaeaie aecia/a?oueny
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieie oiiaaie ?icaeoeo Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai?.
Oai?aoe/iee aiae?c ?noi??? ieoaiiy oa no/anieo eiioeaioe?e aeyaea
nooi?iue iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee i?ioeano nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aaa?e?oaoe?? c iiceoe?? aoiai?noe/ii? i???ioaoe?? ina?oe – iaaeinoaoiy
aeine?aeaeai?noue eiai iaaeaaia?/iiai aniaeoo: aoiai?noe/ia oaiaeaioe?y
noaaeoue o oeaio? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a
?iaeea?aeoaeueii-oeiieia?/i? iniaeeaino? eiaeii? aeeoeie, niaoeeo?eo
ia?aa?ao ?? caoai?thaaiiy c iaoith caaacia/aiiy iaeaaeieo oiia ?
niaoe?aeueii i?aai?ciaaieo oi?i ??cieo aeae?a ae?yeueiino? aeey
naiiaeyao iniaenoino? eiaeiiai aeoiaaioey.
2. Ia i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a aiae?co ?ino?oeoeaii-iaoiaee/ii?
e?oa?aoo?e, iaaeaaia?/ii? aeieoiaioaoe?? aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a,
aieaooaaiiy oa ?ioa?a’thaaiiy aeoiaaoae?a anoaiiaeaii, ui oai?aoe/ia
?ic?iaea ? i?aeoe/ia aeei?enoaiiy a?e ye i?ia?aeiiai aeaeo ae?yeueiino?
aeiaie? oe?iei i?aeoeeo?oueny a ?iaio? c ae?oueie aeioe?eueiiai a?eo.
Aiaeii/an o i?ioean? ?o nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? oai?/a
a?a ua ia iin?ea iaeaaeiiai i?noey a iecoe? cania?a ei?aeoe?eiiai
iaa/aiiy e aeoiaaiiy.
3. Aiae?c aeaea?aeueii? aace aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaa ciiao eiinoaooaaoe, ui
oai?/a a?a ? aaaeeeaith oi?iith i?aai?caoe?? ?a?iai? ae?yeueiino? aeey
?ice?eooy aiioe?eieo aca?iei ? aeno?aaa?n?? o ae?oae ye niaoeeo?/ii?
iiae ?o naiiaeyao.
Ai?iaeiaae oai?/i? a?e ae?oe iiaiiaothoue ci?noii, yeee oo?oaeiaii
canaith?oueny ca oiiae niaoe?aeueii i?aai?ciaaiiai iaa/aiiy.
Caeaa?eueoiai eeoa a?a aeeeeea? oae? ia?aaeeaaiiy e ii/oooy, ye?
?i?oe?ththoue iiceoeai? aca?ieie c iaeiie?oeaie oa aei?ineeie,
iineeththoue aiaaiai?noue aeeoeie o aeanieo iiaeeeainoyo, oi?iothoue
eiioi?eaaaeuei?noue. Caaaeii noeioeth?oueny aaeaioaoe?eiee i?ioean, ui
aoaeoeaii aieeaa? ia nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/io ?aaa?e?oaoe?th ae?oae.
4. Oi?iaeiaae aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei anoaiiaeaii iniiai? i?iyae ineo?/ii?
aeai?eaaoe?? a aiioe?eii-ae?eia?e noa??. Ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ae?oae,
ioiieaieo aenia?eiaioaeueiei aeine?aeaeaiiyi, ciaoiaeeeany ia iecueeiio
? na?aaeiueiio ??aiyo noi?iiaaiino? naiiioe?iee, eiioi?eaoeaieo yeinoae,
?i?oe?aoeaiino?, aeoeaiino?, aaeaeaaoiiai noaaeaiiy aei o?ce/ii? aaaee
oiui. I?ooi c aeoiaaioe?a ia cana?ae/ea aeinoaoiueiai /e aenieiai ??aiy
aeyaeaiiy iiceoeaieo yeinoae aiioe?eii-aieueiai? noa?e ca iayaiino?
ooieoe?iiaeueieo aaae iaeiiai i?aaio ?oo?a ye ? iii?ii-?ooiai? nenoaie
i?aai?cio a oe?eiio.
5. Ia iniia? aea/aiiy ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, aecia/aiiy
aaciaeo aeao?i?oe?e ? iiiyoue, aiae?co iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo
?ic?iaeaii aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eio iiaeaeue aeei?enoaiiy oai?/i? a?e a
iaaeaaia?/iiio i?ioean? noa?oeo a?eiaeo a?oi – no?eaeaiue
aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee. Ca nai?th no?oeoo?ith aiia aeeth/aea
i’youe aoai?a, ui aca?iiaeiiiaithaaeenue (aiae?oeei-neioaoe/iee,
iiaeeaeaii-iciaeiiethaaeueiee, ?ai?iaeoeoeaii-iane?aeoaaeueiee,
?i?oaoe?eii-oai?/ee,o?ainiiceoe?eiee).Eiiieaenii aiie ni?yiiaoaaee
iiceoeai? aiioe?? ae?oae, caaeiaieueiyee ?o iio?aae, ci?iaee aa?’??
neeaaeiino? e iaeiiiai?oiino?, noeioethaaee ei?aeoe?th iane?aee?a
aeai?eaaoe??, ia?aeeaaeath/e aaeineiiaeaiiy ?oo?a ia aeecueeo e oe?eaao
ae?oyi iiao a?e.
6. Aeiaaaeaii, ui ia?ao?ae eiaeiiai aeoiaaioey c iiceoe?? ia’?eoa
iaa/aeueii-ei?aeoe?eii? ?a?iai? ae?yeueiino? ia iiceoe?th noa’?eoa
naiiaeoiaaiiy e naii?icaeoeo iiaea aooe cae?eniaiee eeoa ca aeio?eiaiiy
a?aeiia?aeieo iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia (nioe?aeueia ia?ciai?noue, aieiae?iiy
?ieueiaith aeaii??i?noth, ona?aeiieaiiy cia/aiiy iiceoeaieo iniaeno?nieo
yeinoae aeey iiaeaeueoiai aeeooy, aoiinoa?a aeia?ice/eeaino? a
i?e?inioe?oi? oiui), ui noaiiaeyoue nenoaio ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/iiai
caaacia/aiiy i?ioeano noeioethaaiiy e ni?yioaaiiy
?iaeea?aeoaeueii-oeiieia?/iiai ?icaeoeo eiaeiiai aeoiaaioey.
Ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia caaacia/aiiy oaeiai ?icaeoeo ?icaeyaea?oueny ye
nenoaia ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a, ui ni?ey? noai?aiith aioo??oi?o ia?aaeoiia
aeey naii?aaoeyoe?? aaeineiiaeaiiyi aiioe?eii-aieueiai? oa ?ooiai? noa?,
iaeiie/aiiy e o?aioaaiiy eiaeiith aeeoeiith ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-?ooiaiai
aeina?aeo.
7. Aenia?eiaioaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy cana?ae/eei, ui iniaeeaino? ?a?iaeo
ae?e – ?nioaaiiy a ?aaeuei?e oa a oyai?e ieiueiao ? ocaaaeueiai?noue
ia?ac?a oiiaeeeaeththoue ?o aeeth/aiiy a niaoe?aeueii ciiaeaeueiaaio
ae?yeuei?noue c a?aeiia?aeiei iaoiaee/iei iaa?oiooaaiiyi. Aiia
caaacia/o? ?ioaa?aoe?th ??cieo aeae?a ae?yeueiino? ae?oae a oiiaao
oai?/i? a?e, iiaeaethaaiiy ?o ci?noo, oe?eae oa a?aeiioaiue.
8. O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei aecia/aii aoaeoeai? iaaeaaia?/i?
oiiae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eii? iiaeae? a i?ioean
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae. Na?aae ieo: noai?aiiy
?a?iaeo neooaoe?e ei?eaoth/iai aieeao, oe?eani?yiiaaia iaa/aiiy iniiaieo
?oo?a; aeyaeaiiy ?ooiai? aeii?iaioe e ie?aneaiiy eiioo?o iniiaiiai ?ooo
ca aeiiiiiaith aeiiii?aeieo ae?e; noai?aiiy aiioe?eiiai oiio aeey
ni?eeiaiiy e a?aeoai?aiiy ?oo?a; ?aoe?iiaeueia ieaioaaiiy ?iaioe c
/?oeei ie?aneaiiyi ?a?iaiai caaaeaiiy oa eiai i???iooaaiiy a
eiie?aoii-i?aeoe/ieo neooaoe?yo; iayai?noue iaoa??aeueii? iniiae aeey
eiaeii? a?e-eiiieaeno c ia?aaeaa/aiiyi oi/ie aeioeeo oa aca?iiae??
eiaeiiai ?a?iaiai caaaeaiiy a eiai no?oeoo??; ai?aaeyiiy ae?oae a
?ieueia?e aeaii??iino? c aeio?eiaiiyi iiceoeaieo aca?iei c iaeiie?oeaie
e aei?ineeie.
9. Ca aeaieie cae?eniaiiai aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei
aeyaeaii aeaye? oaiaeaioe?? nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??
ae?oae: iiaeaaaeaiiy ?ooiai? aeoeaiino? onoaa? iniiai? iciaee ineo?/ii?
aeai?eaaoe?? – no?ao, aa?aneai?noue, a?ae/oooy naiiiaaeinoaoiino?,
iaa?thaai?noue, caieioo?noue, o?eaiaei?noue oiui.
Iiaeieaiiy i?eoaiaiieo ae?oyi iaaaoea?ci?a oaeineiiaeth? ?ooia? oa
aieueia? yeino? – neeo, aeo?eaae?noue, ni?eoi?noue, aio/e?noue,
oaeaee?noue, ni?eea?noue, a aaaaoi?aciaa aeeth/aiiy ?oo?a o a?o ca oiiae
aeaii??iino? ?ie? noeioeth? aiaaiai?noue ae?oae a iiaeeeainoyo
naiiae?aaeaiiy a ni?eeoaaii?, aaeineiiaeaiiy ?ooiai? noa?e ?i?oe?th?
o?ainiiceoe?ei? yaeua a ??cieo aeaeao ae?yeueiino?, aaeaeaaoi?noue
naiiioe?iee, naiiei?aeoe?? oiui.
10. Ia i?aenoaa? cae?eniaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy anoaiiaeaii aeaye?
caeiiii??iino? i?ioeano nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??, a naia:
caniaii nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? ? a?a i?e?iaeie/iai
ci?noo, yea ?aae?co?oueny /a?ac iane?aeoaaiiy ?ooiaeo ia?ac?a oa ae?e,
ui ianooue aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?aa caaa?aeaiiy; aoaeoeai?noue iiaioaaiiy
?ooiaith ae??th iaoiiaeth?oueny ?icoi?iiyi ae?oueie iiyniaiue uiaei ??
aeeiiaiiy, ia?acieo aeneiaethaaiue i?i ?? ye?noue – ui noaiiaeoue
iniiao ?ooiai? ae?yeueiino? a oe?eiio; oaiie e ye?noue canai?iiy ?oo?a
aecia/athoueny ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-oeiieia?/ieie iniaeeainoyie eiaeiiai
aeoiaaioey; no?ee?noue o?ainiiceoe?eieo i?ioean?a e iiaeieaiiy noaio
ineo?/ii? aeai?eaaoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae yeino? iiaioaaiiy ae?oueie
?ooiaith ae??th.
11.Oi?ioaaiiy oa aaeineiiaeaiiy aeeoo?aiaaaeeeaeo yeinoae ae?oae c
a?aeoeeaiiyie a o?ce/iiio ?icaeoeo caniaaie ?a?iai? oa?ai?? ia?aaeaa/a?
iiaoaii?noue ?? canoinoaaiiy. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aecia/aieo iaie
aiae?oeei-neioaoe/iiai, iiaeeaeaii-iciaeiiethaaeueiiai,
?ai?iaeoeoeaii-iane?aeoaaeueiiai, ?i?oaoe?eii-oai?/iai ?
o?ainiiceoe?eiiai aoai?a, ui ooai?ththoue aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eio
iiaeaeue aeei?enoaiiy oai?/i? a?e-eiiieaeno a iaaeaaia?/iiio i?ioean? c?
noa?oeie aeioe?eueieeaie, iaaoaathoue eia?/ii aeaoaeiaaiiai ci?noiaiai
oa i?ioeaaeo?iiai oa?aeoa?o.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy cana?ae/eei, ui ae?oe, ioiieai? aenia?eiaioii, aeinyaee
iiceoeaieo ?acoeueoao?a: c?inea naiiioe?iea, aiaaiai?noue o nai?o
iiaeeeainoyo, naiino?ei?noue, eiioi?eaaaeuei?noue. Iaoii?noue cieceeany
o?eaiaei?noue, aa?aneai?noue, ii/oooy no?aoo, iaa?thaai?noue.
Cia/i? iiceoeai? ci?ie a?aeaoeeny ? a iaieiae?ii? ae?oueie iniiaieo
?oo?a, a a?aeoae ? a iiaioaaii? ieie ?ooiaeo yeinoae.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue i?aenoaae aaaaeaoe, ui iaoiaeieia?y
? oai?aoe/ia iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?ai? i?aaeeueii, aecia/ai? caaea/?
?aae?ciaai?, iaoe aeinyaiooi, a noeoii?noue iaea?aeaieo iaoeiaeo
aeniiae?a ? aaaeeeaith aeey iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie.
Aeooaeueieie aaaaea?ii oae? ?? iai?yiee:
?icaeoie ii?eoinueei? iaaeaaia?ee (?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/iee aniaeo);
i?ioan?eii-iaaeaaia?/ia i?aeaioiaea iaeaooiueiai aeoiaaoaey aei ?iaioe
c ae?oueie a caeeaaeao ina?oe Oe?a?ie niaoe?aeueiiai i?ecia/aiiy.
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeaii a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:
1. Othothiiee I.?. A?aooaaiiy iniaeno?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee ae?oae c AeOeI
o i?ioean? ?o aaeaioaoe?? a i?e?inioe?oi? // Iaoeiaee a?niee
*a?i?aaoeueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. Aei. 37:
Iaaeaaia?ea oa ineoieia?y. – *a?i?aoe?:*AeO, 1998. – N. 170-174.
2. Othothiiee I.?. I?iaeaie ?aae?caoe?? iai?yi?a ii?eoinueei?
ae?yeueiino? a ?iaio? c ae?oueie ?c o?ce/ieie aaaeaie a ?icaeoeo //
Nioe?ae?caoe?y iniaenoino?. I?aeeaoaae?aeueiee ca??iee iaoeiaeo noaoae
/Ca caa. ?aae. A.E. Eainueei?. – E.: IIO, 1998. Aeione 3. – N. 109-115.
3. Othothiiee I.?. Aeei?enoaiiy oai?/eo ?ai? o ei?aeoe?eieo eiiieaenao
aeey ae?oae c a?aeoeeaiiyie o ?icaeoeo ?ooiai? noa?e. Iaoeia? caienee
??aiainueeiai iaae?inoeoooo. Aei. 5. “Iiiaeaiiy ci?noo ? iaoiae?a
aeioe?eueii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i?”. – ??aia, 1999. – N. 128-132.
4. Othothiiee I.?. Noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoie iai?yi?a ?aaa?e?oaoe?? a
?noi??? ii?eoinueei? iaaeaaia?ee ia Oe?a?i? // Iaoeiaee a?niee
*a?i?aaoeueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. Aei. 43:
Iaaeaaia?ea oa ineoieia?y. – *a?i?aoe?:*AeO, 1999. – N.80-87.
5. Othothiiee I.?. Eiioe?eoe ae?oae o oai?/eo ?a?ao // Eiioe?eoe a
noni?euenoa?: ae?aaiinoeea ? i?io?eaeoeea. Iaoa??aee o?aouei?
I?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. – Ee?a-*a?i?aoe?, 1995. –
N.446-451.
6. Othothiiee I.?. Oai?/a a?a ye can?a oi?ioaaiiy iniaenoino?
aeioe?eueieea //Nenoaia iaia?a?aii? ina?oe: caeiaooee, iiooee, i?iaeaie.
Iaoa??aee I?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. Ei. 3 –
*a?i?aoe?: Ieoaoeue, 1996. – N. 119 – 122.
7. Othothiiee I.?. Oai?/a a?a ye can?a ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy aeioe?eueiee?a
// Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiee ?icaeoie a Oe?a?i? oa noai oe?a?inueei? aoi?/iino?
a ae?anii??: nooi?noue, ?aae?? eiioe?eoiino?, i?iaeaie oa i?iaiice ia
ii?ic? OO? noie?ooy. Iaoa??aee i’yoi? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. –
Ee?a – *a?i?aoe?, 1997. – N. 275 – 278.
8. Othothiiee I.?. Eiiiainaoe?eia ?ieue a?e a iniaeno?niiio ?icaeoeo
ae?oae c o?ce/ieie aaaeaie aiane?aeie aeeoy/iai oea?aa?aeueiiai ia?ae?/o
// ?iaeea?aeoaeueiee i?aeo?ae aei iniaenoino? aeeoeie aeioe?eueiiai oa
iieiaeoiai oe?eueiiai a?eo a iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean?. Iaoa??aee
iaeanii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??. – *a?i?aoe?: I?oo, 1998. – N.
215 – 220.
AIIOAOe??
Othothiiee I.?. Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y ae?oae a
niaoe?aeueieo aeioe?eueieo caeeaaeao ina?oe caniaaie oai?/i? a?e. –
?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe c? niaoe?aeueiino? 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee. –
Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Aieiaeeie?a
Aiaothea. – 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii i?iaeai? nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aaa?e?oaoe?? ae?oae noa?oiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c aaaeaie o?ce/iiai
?icaeoeo caniaaie oai?/i? a?e. I?iiiio?oueny aeeaeaeoe/ii-ei?aeoe?eia
iiaeaeue aeei?enoaiiy oai?/i? a?e-eiiieaeno, aaeaioaoe?y yei?
ia?aaeaa/a? aeoea?caoe?th o?ce/ieo oa iniaeno?nieo yeinoae, ??cieo noa?
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? aeeoeie. Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ciaeoee
nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy o ieaioaaii? oa cae?eniaii? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai
i?ioeano o niaoe?ae?ciaaieo aeioe?eueieo onoaiiaao i. *a?i?aoe? oa i.
Eueaiaa.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y, nioe?ae?caoe?y,
aaeaioaoe?y, ei?aeoe?y, aeai?eaaoe?y, ?ioaa?aoe?y, oai?/a a?a, ae?oe c
o?ce/ieie aaaeaie ?icaeoeo.
Othothiiee I.E. Nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneay ?aaaeeeoaoeey aeaoae a
niaoeeaeueiuo aeioeieueiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo ia?aciaaiey n?aaenoaaie
oai?/aneie ea?u. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee. –
Oa?iiiieueneee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
Aeaaeeie?a Aiaothea. – 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia i?iaeaia nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie
?aaaeeeoaoeee aeaoae noa?oaai aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa n oece/aneeie
ioeeiiaieyie a ?acaeoee n?aaenoaaie oai?/aneie ea?u. I?aaeeaaaaony
aeeaeaeoe/anee ei??aeoeeiiiay iiaeaeue eniieueciaaiey oai?/aneie
ea?u-eiiieaena, aaeaioaoeey eioi?ie i?aaeoniao?eaaao aeoeaecaoeeth
oece/aneeo e ee/iinoiuo ea/anoa, ?acee/iuo noa? oi?ie?iaaiey ee/iinoe.
?aaioa ninoieo ec aaaaeaiey, o?ao ?acaeaeia, auaiaeia e eaaeaeiio
?acaeaeo, iaueo auaiaeia, nienea eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia e
i?eeiaeaiee. Ai anooieaiee iainiiaaia aeooaeueiinoue i?iaeaiu,
ii?aaeaeaiu iauaeo, i?aaeiao, oeaeue, aeiioaca, caaea/e e iaoiaeu
enneaaeiaaiey, ?ane?uou iao/iay iiaecia, i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea, iooe
ai?iaaoeee e aiaae?aiey iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia. A ia?aii ?acaeaea
“Oai?aoe/aneea iniiaaiey nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee
aeaoae noa?oaai aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa n oece/aneeie ioeeiiaieyie a
?acaeoee” i?aaenoaaeai aeoaieee aeaoeieoeaii-niuneiaie aiaeec
nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee e aeieacaia aa ?ieue a
aeoeaecaoeee i?ioeania nioeeaeecaoeee e eioaa?aoeee aeaoae n
ioeeiiaieyie a oece/aneii ?acaeoee a iauanoai caei?iauo naa?oieeia,
iainiiaaia oeaeaniia?aciinoue eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee e aeeooa?aioeeaoeee
iaaeaaiae/aneeo aeeyiee, eioi?ua, i?e oneiaee oiaeiai ?oeiaiaenoaa
iaaeaaiaa, iaania/eaatho aaeaeaaoioth aaeaioaoeeth e ?aaaeeaeaoeeth
ee/iinoe.
Ia iniiaa aiaeeca eaaeaeie iiceoeee aeaoeieoeee aeaii ?aai/aa
ii?aaeaeaiea “nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee” aeey
eniieueciaaiey a aeaiiii enneaaeiaaiee. Yoi eiiieaen
ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oneiaee e ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia aiciaiiaeaiea
iaeneiaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe a aeeciaiiuo i?iyaeaieyo o aeaoae n
ooieoeeiiaeueiuie ioeeiiaieyie. Nioeeaeueiay eioaa?aoeey ee/iinoe
aneaaenoaea acaeiiaeaenoaey n nioeeoiii, /oi yaeyaony iaeiei ec
?acoeueoaoia nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee, ii?aaeaeaia eae
iniiaiie aniaeo enneaaeiaaiey.
A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaeaeaiiiai aiaeeca oneiaee e i?e/ei aeai?eaaoeee,
naeaeai auaiae i aoi?e/iinoe yaeaiey nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie
?aaaeeeoaoeee, eioi?ia eieoeee?iaaii i?ioeannii aeacaaeaioaoeee
ee/iinoe.
A i?ioeanna enneaaeiaaiey ii?aaeaeaiu aooaeoeaiua iaaeaaiae/aneea
oneiaey nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee aeaoae: ia?aciaaiea
ea?iauo neooaoeee ei??aeoeeiiiiai aeeyiey; oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai iao/aiey
iniiaiui aeaeaeaieyi; ii?aaeaeaiea aeaeaaoaeueiie aeiieiaiou e eiioo?a
iniiaiiai aeaeaeaiey n iiiiuueth aniiiiaaoaeueiuo aeaenoaee; nicaeaiea
aiioeeiiaeueiiai oiia aeey aini?eyoey e aini?iecaaaeaiey aeaenoaee.
Ai aoi?ii ?acaeaea “Oai?/aneay ea?a eae n?aaenoai
nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee aeaoae aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa”
?ane?uoa nouiinoue iiiyoey aaaeouae aeayoaeueiinoe noa?oeo
aeioeieueieeia – oai?/aneie ea?u, iainiiaaiu aa iaaeaaiae/aneea
aiciiaeiinoe a i?ioeanna nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee
aeaoae n ioeeiiaieyie a oece/aneii ?acaeoee. Aiaeec aacu enneaaeiaaiey
aeae aiciiaeiinoue eiinoaoe?iaaoue, /oi oai?/aneay ea?a yaeyaony aaaeiie
oi?iie i?aaiecaoeee ea?iaie aeayoaeueiinoe aeey ?ane?uoey
yiioeeiiaeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee aeaoae.
A o?aoueai ?acaeaea “Nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneea oneiaey ?aaaeeeoaoeee
aeaoae noa?oaai aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa n?aaenoaaie oai?/aneie ea?u”
?ac?aaioaia, iainiiaaia e yenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iae?iaaia
aeeaeaeoeei-ei??aeoeeiiiay iiaeaeue eniieueciaaiey oai?/aneie ea?u a
i?ioeanna nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaaeeeoaoeee noa?oeo
aeioeieueieeia n ia?ooaieyie a ?acaeoee oece/aneie noa?u. Ii naiae
no?oeoo?a iia aeeth/aea iyoue yoaiia (aiaeeoi-neioaoe/aneee,
oaeoaeaiii-iciaeiieoaeueiue, ?ai?iaeoeoeaii-iiae?aaeaoaeueiue,
eiieoaoeeiiii-oai?/aneee, o?ainiiceoeeiiiue). Eiiieaenii iie iai?aaeyee
iiceoeaiua yiioeee aeaoae, oaeiaeaoai?yee eo iio?aaiinoe, nieiaee
aa?uea? neiaeiinoe e iaeiiia?acey, noeioee?iaaee ei??aeoeeth
iineaaenoaee aeai?eaaoeee, ia?aaiaey oniaa?oainoaiaaiea aeaeaeaiee ia
iiiyoioth e aeinooiioth aeaoyi ?a/ue ea?u.
Aeieacaii, /oi ia?aoiae eaaeaeiai ainieoaiieea n iiceoeee iauaeoa
ei??aeoeeiiii-ea?iaie aeayoaeueiinoe ia iiceoeeth noauaeoa
naiiainieoaiey e naii?acaeoey iiaeao auoue inouanoaeai oieueei i?e
niaethaeaiee ii?aaeaeaiiuo iaaeaaiae/aneeo oneiaee (nioeeaeueiay
inaaaeiieaiiinoue, iaeaaeaiea ?ieaaie aeaooia?iinoueth, aoiinoa?a
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoe a iee?inioeeoia e o.i.).
Aiaeec iieo/aiiuo a oiaea yenia?eiaioa ?acoeueoaoia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao,
/oi oai?/aneay ea?a yaeyaony yooaeoeaiui n?aaenoaii iaaeaaiae/aneie
?aaaeeeoaoeee noa?oeo aeioeieueieeia n ioeeiiaieyie a oece/aneii
?acaeoee.
A auaiaeao iaiauaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey, eioi?ua iieo/eee
i?aeoe/aneia aiaae?aiea a i?ioeann iao/aiey aeaoae a niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo
o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo a.*a?iiaoeu e a.Eueaiaa.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneay ?aaaeeeoaoeey, aaeaioaoeey,
nioeeaeecaoeey, ei??aeoeey, aeai?eaaoeey, eioaa?aoeey, oai?/aneay ea?a,
aeaoe n ioeeiiaieyie a oece/aneii ?acaeoee.
Tyutyunnik M. I. Social-pedagogical reabilitation of children in the
special pre-school institutions of education by the means of the
creative game. – Manuscript.
The Dissertation for the Candidation degree of pedagogical scienses in
the main subject theory and history of pedagogics. Volodimir Gnatyuk
Ternopil State University, Ternopil, 1999.
The dissertation is dedicated to the problem of reabilitation of
children of the elder under school age with the defects in the physical
development by the means of the creative game.
The didactic correctional model of using of the creative game-complex,
adaptation of which means the activization of physical and personalities
features, different spheres of the vital activity of child is proposing.
The results of the investigation are showed in the planning and
fulfiling of the educational-upbringing process in the special
pres-chool institutions of Chernivtsy and Lviv.
The key words: social-pedagogical reabilitation, adaptation,
socialization, correction, deprivation, integration, creative game,
children with the deviations in the physical development.
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