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Соціально-педагогічні основи становлення та розвитку загальноосвітніх шкіл-інтернатів в Україні (1956-1966 рр.): Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / В.П

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?INOEOOO I?IAEAI AEOIAAIIss AII OE?A?IE

IIEANUe A?oae?e Iao?iae/

OAeE 37.018.3.47.7. (09)

Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo

caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i?

(1956-1966 ??.)

13.00.01 – Oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

EE?A – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: – ae?eniee /eai AINI, aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe,

i?ioani?

EIACA? Ai?en Noaiaiiae/ –

aieiaiee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee ?inoeoooo i?iaeai

aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

AAEOCEINUeEEE Aieiaeeie?
Ieoaeeiae/ –

i?ioani? eaoaae?e
iaaeaaia?ee Ee?anueeiai

aea?aeaaiiai
e?iaa?noe/iiai oi?aa?nneoaoo

– eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe, aeioeaio

AIEO?AAOeUe Na?a?e ?aaiiae/

i?i?aeoi? EI?OA

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: – Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?//iee

oi?aa?neoao ?i.
A.Aiaothea, eaoaae?a iaaeaaia?ee,

I?i?noa?noai ina?oe
Oe?a?ie

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 22 /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i 14 aiaeei? ia can?aeaiiy
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 26.454.01 a ?inoeooo? i?iaeai aoiaaiiy
AII Oe?a?ie ca aaae?anith: 254, i.Ee?a, aoe. Aa?eeinueeiai, 9.

C aeena??oaoe??. Iiiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo i?iaeai
aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 14 o?aaiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
A.I. Ionoia?o

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Neeaaei?noue caaaeaiue, ye? iinoathoue
nueiaiaei? ia?aae noni?euenoaii o ca`yceo ?c coaiae?iiyi ia?iaeo, ??ceei
ca?eueoaiiyi caoai?thaaiino? ae?oae, nioe?aeueiei ne??onoaii,
aaci?eooeuei?noth, c?inoaiiyi aeeoy/i? cei/eiiino?, aeiaaathoue a?ae
aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a oi?aae?iiy ina?oith, iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee, iiaeo ia
noaiaea?oieo i?aeoiae?a o ?ica`ycaii? i?iaeai iaa/aiiy, aeoiaaiiy,
icaei?iaeaiiy, nioe?aeueiiai caoenoo ? iaoa??aeueiiai caaacia/aiiy
ae?oae.

Oeiee-?ioa?iaoe caaaeaee a?ae?a?aaaee ? a?ae?a?athoue aaaeeeao ?ieue o
?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?/ii? oai??? ? i?aeoeee, ine?eueee aiie – neeaaeiaa
/anoeia i?ioeano aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie oe?eueii? ina?oe.

Iei? iniaeeaee ?ioa?an aeeeeeathoue aeine?aeaeaiiy ae?yeueiino?
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a ?noi?e/iiio aniaeo?.

Aea/aiiy ae?yeueiino? oe?e-?ioa?iao?a aeiiiiiaea ae??oeoe ieoaiiy
aca?iiae?? oai??? ? i?aeoeee, i?inoaaeeoe a ye?e i??? io?eiaee i?aeoe/ia
?ica`ycaiiy aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie iaa/aiiy, aeoiaaiiy ae?oae, i?aai?caoe??
?oiueiai aeica?eey ? iiaooo. Ia iaio aaaeeeai e oa, ui iiaiai, oe?iiiai
aoei aia?oa ae?iaeaii oeieaie-?ioa?iaoaie, ? /ei, o naith /a?ao,
caaaaoeeany iaaeaaia?/ia oai??y.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaaaeaii ia iniia? aiae?co noaiiaeaiiy, ?icaeoeo ?
ae?yeueiino? oe?e-?ioa?iao?a Oe?a?ie. O 50-60-o? ?iee naia ooo
?ic?iaeyeeny ceiaiaeaii? aeey oiai /ano i?iaeaie iaa/aiiy, aeoiaaiiy ?
o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee ae?oae. Aaaaoi c ieo ia ao?aoeee aeooaeueiino? e
oaia?.

Iaeyae no/aniiai noaio i?iaeaie na?ae/eoue i?i iaaeinoaoi? ??
ii?aoethaaiiy. Aeaye? ieoaiiy ?icaeoeo ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a oeueiai
ia??iaeo ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy o i?aoeyo A.Ae.Aiiaea?y, A.?.Aiiaea?y,
A.I.Aaeoceinueeiai, A.E.Aeaieaeaiea, A.N.Eiaca?y, A.A.Nethna?aiea,
I.Ae.ss?ia/aiea. Na?aae aeena?oaoe?eieo aeine?aeaeaiue ie ia ciaeoee
?ia?o, ye? eiie?aoi?oa aena?oethaaee a oe? i?iaeaie.

Ioaea, aea?? oaie iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeeeoiaaiee, ii-ia?oa, ??
aeooaeuei?noth o ca`yceo c iiaeaeueoith ?ic?iaeith i?iaeai ?icaeoeo
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a ? iaiao?aei?noth iia?oeny a oeueiio i?ioean? ia
iiceoeaiee aeina?ae, iaeiie/aiee oeieaie-?ioa?iaoaie ia ia?oiio aoai? ?o
?nioaaiiy; ii-ae?oaa, iiaeeea?noth i?iaiae?coaaoe iniiai? oaiaeaioe??
noaiiaeaiiy e ooaa?aeaeaiiy oeueiai oeio iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a
aeey iaa?oioiaaiiai aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoea ?icaeoeo ?o ae?yeueiino?;
ii-o?ao?, iaaeinoaoi?i ii?aoethaaiiyi oeueiai ieoaiiy a
?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/i?e e?oa?aoo??, ine?eueee ua e aein? iaia?
niaoe?aeueiiai ocaaaeueiaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, aea a aena?oethaaany
i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo iiaiai oeio iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a
– oe?e-?ioa?iao?a o oe?eiio a Oe?a?i?, iniaeeai a 50-60-o? ?iee.

?acii c oei o aeena?oaoe?? noaaeoueny caaaeaiiy i?iaiae?coaaoe e
ocaaaeueieoe aieiaiei /eiii o? oaeoe, ye? ? oa?aeoa?ieie, niaoeeo?/ieie
aeey Oe?a?ie, oiio ui oeiee-?ioa?iaoe ?icaeaaeenue,
ia?ai?io?eueiaoaaeenue, ?ai?aai?ciaoaaeenue o ca`yceo c eiie?aoieie
oiiaaie nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo aea?aeaae.

Ioaea, oaia iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aai?/ii aieno?oueny a ?yae
?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?iaeaie «?icaeoie ia?iaeii?
ina?oe ? iaaeaaia?/ii? aeoiee a Oe?a?i?».

Ca`ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.

Ie?ai? ieoaiiy iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiaeyoue aei ieaio ?aae?caoe??
Iaoe?iiaeueii? i?ia?aie «Ae?oe Oe?a?ie», ieai?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe oa AII Oe?a?ie a Oi?oeoeueeiio
iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiio oeaio??, Oiioainuee?e caaaeueiiina?oi?e
oeie? nioe?aeueii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??, Iaeanuee?e, Ia/ai?aeeinuee?e oa
Oa?e?anuee?e niaoe?aeueieo oeieao-?ioa?iaoao.

Ia`?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoie iiaiai oeio
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a – caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a o
ia??iae 1956-1966 ??. a Oe?a?i?.

I?aaeiaoii iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noaee iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a oeieao-?ioa?iaoao.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, uia ia iaoeiai- oai?aoe/i?e iniia?
?ice?eoe iniiai? oaeoi?e noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a
Oe?a?i? o aecia/aiee ia??iae, iaa?oiooaaoe oaiaeaioe?? ? ia?niaeoeae
?icaeoeo oeeo caeeaae?a o /an ?icaoaeiae iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie ina?oe.

Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:

– i?iaanoe ii??aiyeueii-?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c ae?yeueiino? oeo
caeeaae?a noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy, ye? ?nioaaee a Oe?a?i? ?ai?oa,
?ice?eoe ?o ianooii?noue ? cia/aiiy aeey ?icaeoeo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a;

– aeae?eeoe aieiai? ia?aaeoiiae noai?aiiy oe?e-?ioa?iao?a ? iniiai?
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie ?o noaiiaeaiiy;

– ?ice?eoe ci?no iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a oeieao-?ioa?iaoao o
?ao?iniaeoeaiiio ieai?, aeyaeoe ?aca?ae eiai iiaeaeueoiai
oaeineiiaeaiiy;

– ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c aeei?enoaiiy iaaooiai a oeieao-?ioa?iaoao
e?auiai iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo a no/anieo oiiaao;

– ?ic?iaeoe ? ai?iaoaaoe ia i?aeoeoe? iiaeaeue
iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o ye iiai? oi?ie noni?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae.

A?aeiia?aeii aei iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue iaie canoiniaoaaeeny oae? iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy: iaoiae ?noi?eei-oai?aoe/iiai ? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co;
iaoiae aea/aiiy ? ocaaaeueiaiiy iiia?aaeiueiai e no/aniiai e?auiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo; nenoaiaoecaoe?y ? eeaneo?eaoe?y ?noi?e/iiai
iaoa??aeo, a?o?aieo aeieoiaio?a, noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo c aeine?aeaeoaaii?
i?iaeaie; aea/aiiy e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae, iaoa??ae?a iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue; iaoiae niinoa?aaeaiiy, nioe?ieia?/i? iaoiaee
(aieaooaaiiy, ?ioa?a`th, ni?aaan?aea); aenia?oia ioe?iea.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? caaaeueiiiaoeia? i?eioeeie
nenoaiiino?, ?noi?e/iino?, ui canoiniaothoueny aei iaoeiaiai i?ciaiiy
i?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a ina?oe;
ooiaeaiaioaeuei? i?eioeeie oe?e?niino?, no?oeoo?iino?, aeeiai?/iino?;
o?einionueea ? ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia a/aiiy i?i nioe?aeueio nooi?noue
ina?oe ? aeoiaaiiy; iniiai? iieiaeaiiy caaaeueii? oai??? nenoai ?
nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo aei oe?e?nieo iaaeaaia?/ieo i?ioean?a ? yaeu.

I?ia?aeieie o aecia/aii? oai?aoe/ieo iniia aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee
iniiaiiieiaei? ?aea? I.A.Aeooiiae/a, ss.A.Eiiainueeiai, A.N.Iaea?aiea,
O.I?ieiiiae/a, N.O.?oniai?, A.I.Nooiieeinueeiai, E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai,
N.O.Oaoeueeiai.

Iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy i?e ?ic?iaoe? iaoi? i?iaeaie iaee i?aoe? ?.Ae.Aaoa,
A.Ae.Aiiaea?y, I.N.A?eoeaiea, A.I.Ni?iee-?ineinueeiai,
I.A.Nooiieeinueei?, I.I.O?e?iiiaa, I.Ae.ss?ia/aiea c ieoaiue ?noi???
ia?iaeii? ina?oe, ?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?/ii? aeoiee, iaoiaeieia?? ?
iaoiaeeee iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue.

I?eioeei ?noi?ecio iaoiiaea aeeth/aiiy o noa?o iaoiai aea/aiiy i?aoeue c
ieoaiue ?icaeoeo ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a o ?in?enuee?e ?iia???
(I.?.Aeiaoia, A.A.Iaeneiiae/), eieeoiueiio N?N? (A.O.Aoaianueaa,
A.A.Caeee?i, A.O.?o?aiiaa, A.A.Einoyoe?i, I.I.?ye?i, I.A.Oae/eiia),
cie?aia a Oe?a?i?, oa ?yaeo aeine?aeaeaiue c ?noi?e/ieo iaoe.

Ui noino?oueny oai?aoe/iiai inieneaiiy aeina?aeo ?iaioe oe?e-?ioa?iao?a
a Oe?a?i?, oi aiii ii/aeiny aaea o ia?o? ?iee ?o ?nioaaiiy ?
noi?iaiaeaeoaaeiny aeaeaiiyi oe?ei? iecee ooiaeaiaioaeueieo i?aoeue, aea
?icaeyaeaeeny i?iaeaie iaa/aiiy, aeoiaaiiy, o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee,
i?aai?caoe?? aeica?eey, iiaooo ae?oae. Oea ia?aaeon?i i?aoe?
A.Ae.Aiiaea?y, A.I.Aaeoceinueeiai, A.N.Eiaca?y, A.O.Iaeueie/aiea oa ?i.
Oaeiae aeeiiaii ?yae aeena?oaoe?eieo aeine?aeaeaiue, i?enay/aieo
aena?oeaiith ie?aieo aniaeo?a i?ioeano oaeineiiaeaiiy iaa/aiiy oa
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao (N.?.Aieo?aaoeue, A.N.?aaiaiei,
A.N.Eiaca?, A.I.Iieeaeaiia, A.A.Nethna?aiei, A.A.*oaa?anueeee).

Aeaea?aeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy noaee, ianaiia?aae, ioae?eaoe?? o aeaeaiiyo
50-60-o ??. OO noie?ooy. ?o ianya c oe??? oaie cia/iee. Aacaoe,
iaaeaaia?/i? aeo?iaee, ca??ieee noaoae, ca??ieee iaeac?a oa
?icii?yaeaeaiue (?ino?oeoe?e) I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe O?N? iino?eii
aena?oethaaee ?iaioo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, aeaaaee ae/a?iio ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i
?o ae?yeuei?noue. Oe?iiee iaoa??ae aeey iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ie ciaeoee
o iiiia?ao?yo A.Ae.Aiiaea?y ? A.N.Eiaca?y, a yeeo i?iaiae?ciaaii ieoaiiy
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a oeieao-?ioa?iaoao, ?icaeyaeathoueny
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oeeo caeeaae?a.

I?aaeiaoii aeeaieiai aea/aiiy noaee iaoa??aee Oeaio?aeueiiai
aea?aeaaiiai a?o?ao aeueo i?aai?a aeaaee, a?o?ao I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie, ?inoeoooo ci?noo ? iaoiae?a iaa/aiiy. Ooo caa??aa?oueny aaaaoi
aeieoiaio?a, ye? aeiiiiaaathoue neeanoe oe?e?nio ea?oeio i?aai?caoe?? oa
?icaeoeo a Oe?a?i? oe?e-?ioa?iao?a. Oe?iiee oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae oaeiae
ii/a?iiooi ?c ca?o?a aeayeeo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, c iaoa??ae?a ia?aa??ie
oeeo oe?e aea?aeaaieie i?aaiaie oi?aae?iiy ina?oith.

Oaeei /eiii, aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie, ?? iaaeinoaoi? aea/aiiy ?
aecia/eee oaio iaoiai aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy:
«Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i? (1956-1966??.)».

Aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?eniaii ia o?eueee aeey caaaa/aiiy ciaiue c ?noi???
?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?ee oa ia?iaeii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i? eiie?aoieie oaeoaie,
niinoa?aaeaiiyie ? aeniiaeaie, a e aeey oiai, uia aeiaanoe: oe?
iaa/aeueii-aeoiai? caeeaaee iio??aii ?icaeaaoe ? a no/anieo
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao.

I?aai?caoe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny i?ioyaii
1992-1998 ?ie?a o?ueiia aoaiaie.

Ia?oee aoai (1992-1993 ??.) – ca??, aea/aiiy ? ii??aiyeueii-?noi?e/iee
aiae?c a?o?aieo ? e?oa?aoo?ieo iaoa??ae?a c ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee ?
ia?iaeii? ina?oe. ?acoeueoaoe oeueiai aoaio aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeeee
aaaeeea?noue i?iaeiaaeaiiy ?icii/aoi? ?iaioe aeey aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoea
?icaeoeo caeeaae?a oaeiai oeio.

Ae?oaee aoai (1994-1996 ??.) – nenoaiaoecaoe?y aeieoiaio?a ? oaeoe/ieo
aeaieo, ye? aena?oeththoue i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo a Oe?a?i?
iiaiai oeio iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a – caaaeueiiina?oi?o
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a; iaoeiai-ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c i?ioeano iaa/aiiy ?
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae o iiia?aaei?o caeeaaeao noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy ?
no/anieo; aea/aiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a ?yae? oe?e-?ioa?iao?a
Oe?a?ie oa ae?yeueiino? i?aai?a oi?aae?iiy ina?oith.

O?ao?e aoai (1997-1998 ??.) – ie?aneaiiy iaeaaaeeea?oeo iaaeaaia?/ieo
i?iaeai, caaaeueieo caeiiii??iinoae, niaoeeo?/ieo iniaeeainoae
noaiiaeaiiy oa aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoea ?icaeoeo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i?.
Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe caiaeeeenue o iaaio nenoaio, caaa?ooaaeiny
e?oa?aoo?ia ioi?ieaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui: aia?oa aaaaeaii o
iaoeiao noa?o iaa?aeii? e iaeia?aeii? aeaea?aea – a?o?ai? iaoa??aee ?
ioae?eaoe??, ye? ?ice?eaathoue nooue aeine?aeaeoaaii? oaie ? oeei naiei
aeathoue ciiao aeineiiae?oa ?icaeyiooe i?ioean ?icaeoeo ina?oe Oe?a?ie
i?ioyaii 1956-1966 ?ie?a; ia eiie?aoiiio nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/iiio
iaoa??ae? ?ice?eaathoueny ?noi?e/i? ia?aaeoiiae noaiiaeaiiy ?
ae?yeueiino? oe?e-?ioa?iao?a Oe?a?ie ye ye?nii iiaeo iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo
caeeaae?a o nenoai? ina?oe; oa?aeoa?ecothoueny oeie oeeo oe?e;
aiae?cothoueny iniiai? iai?yie ?o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ae?yeueiino?;
?ice?eaa?oueny ?o cia/aiiy aeey ?icaeoeo ina?oe oa iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee;
oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaothoueny iiaeeeaino? oai?/iai aeei?enoaiiy aeina?aeo
?iaioe oeeo caeeaae?a o no/anieo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao.

Aaoi?ii ooi/iaii iiiyooy noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy, iinooiaeueiiai
oa?aeoa?o noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a ina?oe caeaaeii
a?ae nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oiia aea?aeaae, nooiino? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy
? aeoiaaiiy ae?oae a oiiaao oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, aeyaeaii caniae oa oeyoe
iioeiaeueiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai aieeao ia nioe?aeueia noaiiaeaiiy
iniaenoino?.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? o ?ice?eoo? ?ao?iniaeoeaiiai oa?aeoa?o
noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a oeeo caeeaaeao, yeee caaacia/o?
naii?icaeoie, naii?aae?caoe?th ? ei?aeoe?th nioe?aeueii? iniaenoino?, o
aecia/aii? iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia ae?yeueiino? caeeaae?a oaeiai oeio, a
?ic?iaoe? i???ioiaii? iiaeae? iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy iia`ycaia c iiaeeea?noth aeei?enoaiiy
eiai iniiaieo iieiaeaiue ? aeniiae?a aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo ina?oe
oa iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee a Oe?a?i?, iiaeeaeaiiy oa aaeineiiaeaiiy
aeeeaaeaiiy eo?n?a ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee oa nioe?aeueii? iaaeaaia?ee o
iaaeaaia?/ieo aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe??
iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe? ? ai?iaaaeaeaii? iaa/aeueieo
ieai?a ? i?ia?ai ia eo?nao i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? o/eoae?a,
aeoiaaoae?a, ea??aiee?a caeeaae?a ina?oe.

A??ia?aei?noue iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
caaacia/o?oueny iaoiaeieia?/iith iaa?oioiaai?noth eiai aeo?aeieo
iieiaeaiue, anaa?/iei oai?aoe/iei aiae?cii i?iaeaie, aeei?enoaiiyi
aeinoia??ieo aeaieo, ?aoaeueiei ii?aoethaaiiyi, ?acoeueoaoaie
iaea?aeaieie o i?ioean? ?iaioe ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi ae?iaeaieo aaoi?ii
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? iieiaeaiiy:

– oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaai? nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? ia?aaeoiiae
noaiiaeaiiy caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, ye? caaacia/eee ?o
iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie;

– iniiai? i?aai?caoe?eii-iaaeaaia?/i? iai?yie noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, iioeiaeuei? oeyoe oaeineiiaeaiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai
i?ioeano a oeeo caeeaaeao;

– i???ioiaia iiaeaeue ?icaeoeo ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a ina?oe ia
ia?niaeoeao.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?ioean ? ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeaeaaaeeny c aieo aaoi?a anaa?/iiio aiae?cia?,
ii??aiyiith ? ni?anoaaeaiith, ia?aa??yeenue ? ooi/ithaaeenue oeyoii
niinoa?aaeaiiy ca ae?yeuei?noth oe?e-?ioa?iao?a Oe?a?ie, a oaeiae oeyoii
aan?ae c ea??aieeaie, a/eoaeyie, aeoiaaoaeyie oeeo caeeaae?a,
i?aoe?aieeaie iaeanieo ? i?nueeeo oi?aae?iue ina?oe, oi?aae?iiy
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a oa aeeoy/eo naaee?a I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe, iaoeiaeie
ni?a?ia?oieeaie ?inoeooo?a iaaeaaia?ee, i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy, aeaoaeoieia??
AII Oe?a?ie, aeeeaaea/aie iaaeaaia?/ieo aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a;
aeei?enoiaoaaeeny i?e i?aeaioiaoe? oeeeeo eaeoe?e c ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee
oa nioe?aeueii? iaaeaaia?ee, i?i/eoaieo aaoi?ii oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy o
Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.

Ia ??cieo aoaiao aeine?aeaeaiiy eiai ?acoeueoaoe, iniiai? ?aea? oa
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aoee aeeth/ai? aei iaoa??ae?a eieaa?e I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie (aa?acaiue, aeiaoaiue 1993?., eenoiiaae 1995?., o?aaaiue 1996?.,
ea?oaiue 1997?., /a?aaiue 1998?.), iaaiai?thaaeenue ia can?aeaiiyo
Iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ii? ?aaee, anaoe?a?inueeeo ia?aaeao-nai?ia?ao
aee?aeoi??a oe?e-?ioa?iao?a o Ee?a? (1992?., 1993?., 1996?.),
Caii??aeae? (1992?., 1995?.), Eieiie? (1995?.), Aei?i?iiao?ianueeo
(1996?.), AEeoiie?? (1996 ?.), Iooe?oe? (1997?.), Iaean? (1998?.),
i?aeia?iaeieo oa anaoe?a?inueeeo iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo,
eiia?anao o Ee?a? (1994?., 1995?., 1999?.), Aei?i?iiao?ianueeo (1994?.),
Aoaeaiaoo? (1995?.), Oaeai?iae? (1995?.), *a?i?aia? (1996?.), A?e?e
Oea?ea? (1997?.), Caii??aeae? (1997?.).

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe: Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a aei ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae (251 iaeiaioaaiiy), aeiaeaoe?a (15n.). Caaaeueiee ianya
aeena?oaoe?? – 172n. (iniiaia /anoeia – 157n.). O ?iaio? iiaeaii 10
oaaeeoeue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue ia?aii? oaie, i?inoaaeo?oueny
ca`ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie, aecia/a?oueny
ia`?eo ? i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy, oi?ioeththoueny eiai iaoa ? caaaeaiiy,
aeeeaaeathoueny iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy,
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aoaie eiai cae?eniaiiy, ?ice?eaathoueny iiaecia ?
i?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a, iniaenoee aianie
caeiaoaa/a, iiaeathoueny iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno oa
a?aeiiino? i?i ai?iaaoe?th ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? «Noai?aiiy caaaeueiiina?oi?o
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a – iiaee aoai o ?icaeoeo oe?eueii? ina?oe oa nenoaie
noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy» aena?oeth?oueny nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ia nenoaia
noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy ye iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaia noeoii?noue
caeiiii??iinoae, ye? aeeth/athoue o naaa ?aea? ? iieiaeaiiy, ui
ae?aeaeoe/ii ?icaeaathoueny a?aeiia?aeii aei iio?aa ? caieo?a eiaeii?
eiie?aoii? ?noi?e/ii? aiioe.

Ia iniia? aea/aiiy e aiae?co a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a oa e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae aaoi?ii aeyaeai? iniiai? ?noi?e/i? oa nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?
ia?aaeoiiae noaiiaeaiiy caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a ?
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie ?o ?icaeoeo a Oe?a?i?.

Aiae?c i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?aeoaa?aeea, ui i?iaeaie noni?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae oa i?aee?oe?a aoee i?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy a/aieo
i?ioyaii on??? ?noi??? ?icaeoeo ethaenoaa.

?aeay noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy i?ae?inoath/iai iieie?iiy ca?iaeeeany ua o
ia??iae ia?a?niiiaueiiiai eaaeo ? iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo iaaoea o ia??iae
?aaiaeanieoeueeiai eaaeo a e?a?iao Noa?iaeaaiueiai Noiaeo (?iae?y,
Eeoae), ?aeio?, A?aoe?? oa ?ei?.

I?ci?oa, a aiioo oaiaeae?cio, oeth nenoaio aeei?enoaea oea?eaa o oi?i?
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae o iiianoe?nueeeo oeieao ? i?eooeeao.

Cai?iaaaeaeaiiy o?enoeyinoaa a Ee?anuee?e ?on? ni?eyei noai?aiith
caeeaae?a noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy. I?e eiyaeeo aeai?ao, oea?eaao ?
iiianoe?yo noai?thaaeenue oeiee aeey ae?oae ciao? oa i?eooeee aeey
ae?oae-ne??o ? aiiiaeueieo ae?oae.

O OV?-OV?? noie?ooyo ia oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie iioe?thaaeeny ?co?onuee?,
nioe?i?ainuee?, eaeuea?i?nonuee? iaa/aeueii-aeoiai? caeeaaee, a oaeiae
a?aonuee? oeiee oa oeiee i?e eicaoeueeeo iieeao.

Ia?o? niaoe?aeuei? aeeoy/? aoaeeiee aeey a?aeieo ae?oae, ae?oae-ne??o
aoee noai?ai? a 1682 ?ioe?. ?o ?icaeoie i?eiaaea? ia OO???-O?O noie?ooy.

O ia?o?e iieiaei? OO??? noie?ooy Oaioai I?ieiiiae/ noai?ea ia?oo oeieo
aeey ae?oae-ne??o ?ioa?iaoiiai oeio.

Ii/eiath/e c 1797 ?ieo, noai?ththoueny aeoiai? aoaeeiee, ye? iaee iacao
aeeoy/eo i?eooee?a. Aei 1900 ?ieo a Oe?a?i? ?nioaaei 63 oaeeo caeeaaee,
o ieo aeoiaoaaeiny 2117 ae?oae.

I?ioyaii 1917-1920 ?ie?a a Oe?a?i? a?aeaoeeny aeeaie? nioe?aeuei? ci?ie,
ye? iicia/eeeny ia an?o eaieao nenoaie ia?iaeii? ina?oe.

?icii/eia?oueny ?ai?aai?caoe?y oe?eueii? ni?aae, ui aeeth/aea a naaa
noai?aiiy ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a. Oiae? iaae oeeie i?iaeaiaie i?aoethaaei
aaaaoi aecia/ieo oe?a?inueeeo iaaeaaia?a – A.A?eiueei, ?.Ia??iei,
N.?oniaa, ?.Noaoaiei, ss.*ai?aa oa ?io?.

A?iiaaeyinueea a?eia i?eianea Oe?a?i? aieiae ? ?ic?ooo. Caaeioei aaaaoi
aei?ineiai ianaeaiiy, ca?eueoeeiny /enei aacaeiaeyaeieo ae?oae. O oeae
ia??iae ?icii/eia?oueny noai?aiiy oe?iei? ia?aae? aeeoy/eo aoaeeie?a
aeey aaci?eooeueieo ae?oae, aeeoy/eo i?noa/ie, eieii?e, eeoa?a oiui.

Aaeeea oaaaa i?eae?eyeany ia oie /an ?ic?iaoe? i?eioeeiiaeo iieiaeaiue
noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy, ia iniia? yeeo noai?thaaeenue i?iaeoe ??cieo
oei?a aeeoy/eo caeeaae?a.

Ia ii/aoie 1921 ?ieo a Oe?a?i? aoei 839 aeeoy/eo aoaeeie?a, aea
aeoiaoaaeiny 49 oeny/ ae?oae.

O 1940 ?ioe? ?o aoei 392 c eiioeiaaioii 60 oeny/ aeoiaaioe?a.

Aaeeea A?o/eciyia a?eia caaaeaea aaeeeeo ethaenueeeo ao?ao oa
iaoa??aeueieo caeoe?a. Nioi? oeny/ ae?oae caeeoeeeny ne?ioaie.

Iinoaiiaith O?yaeo Oe?a?ie ? 917 a?ae 30.07.44?. aoei noai?aii ia?o? 147
aeeoy/eo aoaeeie?a, e?euee?noue yeeo ui?ieo c?inoaea. Noaiii ia 1
aa?aniy 1948 ?. a Oe?a?i? aoei 816 aeeoy/eo aoaeeie?a c eiioeiaaioii 152
oeny/? aeoiaaioe?a, a?aeaeaii ia iao?iiao ? i?ae ii?eo iiiaae 130 oeny/
ae?oae.

?aae?coth/e ??oaiiy OO c`?caeo EI?N oa ?yaeo o?yaeiaeo iinoaiia a
Oe?a?i?, ii/eiath/e c 1956 ?ieo, i?enooieee aei i?aai?caoe?? ? noai?aiiy
ia?oeo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a. Aeey ?o i?aai?caoe?? aoei
aeae?eaii e?au? aoae?ae? ?nioth/eo na?aaei?o oe?e oa ?ioeo caeeaae?a,
?icii/aoi ianiaa aoae?aieoeoai iiaeo oe?eueieo i?ei?uaiue ca oeiiaeie
i?iaeoaie. O 1956/57 iaa/aeueiiio ?ioe? a Oe?a?i? i?aoethaaei aaea 47
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, aea iaa/aeiny 9,4 oeny/? o/i?a.
Iinooiiai e?euee?noue oe?e-?ioa?iao?a c?inoaea. A 1959/60 iaa/aeueiiio
?ioe? aoei noai?aii 155 oe?e-?ioa?iao?a c eiioeiaaioii 42 600 o/i?a.
Aeey oeueiai a iniiaiiio aoaeoaaeeny oeiia? iaa/aeuei? ei?ione oa
ao?oiaeeoee ia 210, 240, 360, 420, 450, 600 o/i?anueeeo i?noeue. Aei
ii/aoeo 1960/61 iaa/aeueiiai ?ieo ooieoe?iioaaei 263 oeiee-?ioa?iaoe, a
yeeo iaa/aeiny 72 oeny/? o/i?a. O ianooiiiio ?ioe? a?aee?eeiny 25
caaaeueiiina?oi?o naiaoi?ieo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a ia 5 500 o/i?anueeeo
i?noeue. Oea aoee ia?o? naiaoi?i? oeiee-?ioa?iaoe a Oe?a?i?, ia?aaea
yeeo ii/aea ?icoe?thaaoeny eeoa c 1967 ?ieo.

Ia oie /an o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao Oe?a?ie i?aoethaaee 20,9 oeny/? a/eoae?a
? aeoiaaoae?a, c yeeo 71,3 a?aenioea iaee aeuo ? iacae?i/aio aeuo
ina?oo.

Cia/ii iie?ioeeany iaa/aeueii-iaoa??aeueia aaca oe?e-?ioa?iao?a. Aiie
iaee 2018 iaa/aeueieo eaa?iao?a oa 1242 iaa/aeuei? iaenoa?i?, ye?
iiiiaithaaeeny iaeaaeiaiiyi, onoaoeoaaiiyi, iai/ieie iin?aieeaie, cia/io
/anoeio c yeeo aeaioiaeyee nai? aeoiaaioe?.

O 1965/66 iaa/aeueiiio ?ioe? a iao?e ?anioae?oe? i?aoethaaei aaea 532
oeiee-?ioa?iaoe caaaeueiiai oeio, a yeeo iaa/aeiny iiiaae 212 oeny/
o/i?a. Ioaea, ca aeanyoue ?ie?a e?euee?noue oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i?
c?inea a 11 ?ac?a, a e?euee?noue o/i?a o ieo – a?aeiia?aeii o 22 ?ace.

Ia oeae ia??iae i?eiaaea? oaeaeeee ?icaeoie ? niaoe?aeueieo
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a. sseui o 1956/57 ?ioe? ?o aoei 157 c eiioeiaaioii 18,4
oeny/? ae?oae, oi o 1965/66 iaa/aeueiiio ?ioe? ?o e?euee?noue c?inea aei
281 c eiioeiaaioii 44,4 oeny/? o/i?a.

Oaeiae aoee ?ic?iaeai? ? ao?eai? a aeeooy eiie?aoi? caoiaee uiaei
ci?oeiaiiy ?oiuei? iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii? aace, iie?ioaiiy neeaaeo
ea??aieo oa iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a, oaeineiiaeaiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai
i?ioeano. Iniaeeao aeooaeuei?noue iaee ieoaiiy i?aai?/ii? ?aeiino?
caaaeueii?, iie?oaoi?/ii? ina?oe ? o?oaeiaiai aeoiaaiiy, oi?ioaaiiy
ci?noo ina?oe, iaa?oiooaaiiy oi?i, iaoiae?a, cania?a iaa/aiiy ?
aeoiaaiiy, aecia/aiiy nenoaie ae?iaie/iai iaa/aiiy, i?aeaioiaee ?
i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a. Oe? oa aaaaoi
?ioeo ieoaiue ia oie /an aoee iiceoeaii ae??oai?, ui, aacoiiaii,
ni?eyei iiaeaeueoiio ci?oeiaiith ? aaeineiiaeaiith oe?e-?ioa?iao?a.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? «Iioeiaeuei? oeyoe oaeineiiaeaiiy
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao» aeeeaaeaii iniiaiee
ci?no iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a caaaeueiiina?oi?o
oeieao-?ioa?iaoao o aeine?aeaeoaaiee iaie ia??iae, nenoaiaoeciaaii
iioeiaeuei? oeyoe eiai oaeineiiaeaiiy, i?iaiae?ciaaii iniiai? ieoaiiy
aeeaeaeoe/iiai, aeoiaiiai oa nioe?aeueiiai oa?aeoa?o, a oaeiae
ioa?aeoa?eciaaii no/aniee noai ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a
ina?oe ? aecia/aii ia?niaeoeae iiaeaeueoiai ?oiueiai ?icaeoeo.

Na?aae oeeo ieoaiue i?ia?aeia i?noea caeiaee i?iaeaie caaacia/aiiy
iioeiaeueiiai ii?aeiaiiy caaaeueiiina?oiuei? i?aeaioiaee, aeoiaieo oa
ae?iaie/eo caoiae?a; aca?iia`ycie iaa/aeueiiai ? aeoiaiiai i?ioean?a.
Iniaeeai aaaeeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaaei oaeineiiaeaiiy ci?noo ina?oe,
i?aai?caoe?? iicao?i/ii? aeoiaii? ?iaioe, o?oaeiai? oa aeii?ioan?eii?
i?aeaioiaee aeoiaaioe?a oe?e-?ioa?iao?a.

Iino?eia ia?aaoaaiiy o/i?a o oeie?-?ioa?iao? i?ioyaii aeiae, oeaeiy,
i?nyoey, iaa/aeueiiai ?ieo aeaaaei ciiao iaaeaaia?/iiio eieaeoeao
noai?eoe nenoaio iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe oa caaacia/eoe ?aei?noue
iaaeaaia?/iiai i?ioeano ? aieeao ia aeoiaaioe?a ye ia o?ieao, oae ? a
iicao?i/iee /an. Oea coiiaethaaeinue iaaeaaia?/ii aei?aaaeaiei ?aaeeiii
aeiy ? i?aaeeaie aioo??oiueiai ?icii?yaeeo, iino?eiith ?iaioith
iaaeaaia?a c aeoiaaioeyie, ?aeeieie aeiiaaie aei o/i?a c aieo
iaaeaaia?/iiai eieaeoeao.

Aaaeeeaith ia?aaaaith oe?e-?ioa?iao?a iaae ?ioeie oeiaie
caaaeueiiina?oi?o caeeaae?a ? oa, ui a ieo noai?aii an? oiiae aeey
iicao?i/ii? nenoaie iaa/aiiy, ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? ?iaioe a/eoae?a c
o/iyie, cae?eniaiiy o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee, caeiaoooy iaaii? i?ioan??.

Iaa/aeueia ?iaioa a oeieao-?ioa?iaoao neeaaeaeany c o?ie?a, i?aeaioiaee
aeiiaoi?o caaaeaiue oa ??cii? iicao?i/ii? ?iaioe, ni?yiiaaii? ia
iiaeeaeaiiy iaaooeo ciaiue, oaeineiiaeaiiy oi?iue ? iaae/ie oa
canoinoaaiiy ?o ia i?aeoeoe?.

Iniaeea?noth i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii? ?iaioe a oeie?-?ioa?iao? aoei oa,
ui o/i? aeiiaoi? caaaeaiiy aeeiioaaee i?aai?ciaaii, o aecia/aiee
?aaeeiii /an ? i?ae ea??aieoeoaii iaaeaaiaa-aeoiaaoaey aai a/eoaey.

Iianyeaeaiiee ae?eiaee ca`ycie o/eoaey ? aeoiaaoaey a oiiaao ?iaioe
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a noaa aaaeeeaei oaeoi?ii o ai?iouea? ca i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy
iaa/aiiy ? yeino? ciaiue o/i?a.

Oaeei /eiii, o?iee ? i?aeaioiaea aeiiaoi?o caaaeaiue o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao
noaiiaeee ?aeeiee iaaeaaia?/iee i?ioean, yeee cae?enithaaee o/eoae? ?
aeoiaaoae? ni?eueii.

Aaeeea oaaaa o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao i?eae?eyeanue o?oaeiaiio iaa/aiith.
Aeey oeueiai noai?thaaeenue iaeaaei? oiiae. Aoaeoaaeeny iaa/aeuei?
iaenoa?i?, i?aai?ciaoaaeeny iaa/aeueii-aeine?aei? ainiiaea?noaa,
iaeaaeioaaeeny eaa?iaoe. Iniiaiei aeaeii o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee aoee
ianeoaiaoth/a i?aoey oa ae?iaie/a iaa/aiiy o/i?a.

Cia/ia i?noea o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean? oeiee-?ioa?iaoo caeiaea
iicaeeania ? iicaoe?eueia aeoiaia ?iaioa. Aiia aoea neeaaeiaith ? iaa?ae
SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c ?iiith /anoeiith o??? aaeeei?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ?iaioe, ui i?iaiaeeeany o eiaei?e oeie?-?ioa?iao? ye ia
o?ieao, oae ? a iicao?i/iee /an. Iaoith aeoiaii? ?iaioe aoei iiaeaeueoa
oaeineiiaeaiiy ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie o/i?a, i?aeaeuaiiy ?o
ii?aeueiiai ? eoeueoo?iiai ??aiy, ineoieia?/ii? ? i?aeoe/ii? i?aeaioiaee
o/i?a aei naiino?eiiai aeeooy, o?ce/ia caaa?ooaaiiy.

Iicaeeania aeoiaia ?iaioa aeiiiaithaaea iaa/aeueio, yea i?iaiaeeeany ia
o?ieao ? i?ae /an i?aeaioiaee aeiiaoi?o caaaeaiue.

Oa?aeoa?iith iciaeith iicao?i/ii? aeoiaii? ?iaioe a oeie?-?ioa?iao?,
aoea ?? ??ciiiai?oi?noue. Aiia i?iaiaeeeany o oi?i? caiyoue ??cieo
ao?oe?a, naeoe?e, eeoa?a, /eoaoeueeeo eiioa?aioe?e, ia?aaeyaeo oa
iaaiai?aiiy e?iio?euei?a ? oaao?aeueieo aenoaa, eiieo?n?a, aa/i??a
a?aeii/eieo, aeneo?n?e ? oo?enoe/ieo iioiae?a, nii?oeaii-icaei?ia/eo
caoiae?a, a oaeiae noni?eueii ei?enii? i?aoe?.

Ia?oei aoaiii i?aeaioiaee o/i?a oe?e-?ioa?iao?a aei i?aoe? ?
naiino?eiiai aeeooy aoei naiiianeoaiaoaaiiy.

Naiiianeoaiaoaaiiy i?aai?ciaoaaeinue c o?aooaaiiyi a?eo, noao?, o?ce/ieo
iiaeeeainoae ae?oae, nai?oa?ii-a?a??i?/ieo aeiia oa i?aaee ioi?iie
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.

Cia/ia /anoeia ?iaioe c o?oaeiaiai aeoiaaiiy o/i?a oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, c
ia?oeo aei?a ?o noai?aiiy, i?iaiaeeeany o ??cieo ao?oeao,
iaa/aeueii-ae?iaie/eo iaenoa?iyo, aeine?aeieo ae?eyieao oa i?aeniaieo
ainiiaea?noaao.

Iaeiioe?ai?oith oi?iith aeoiaii? ?iaioe c ae?oueie aoea ao?oeiaa ?iaioa.

Ao?oee noai?thaaeeny aeoiaey/e ?c caaaeaiue anaa?/iiai ?icaeoeo o/i?a oa
?oi?o iiaaaeaiue.

I?io?eue ao?oe?a aoa aeineoue oe?ieee. Oea ia?aaeon?i i?aaeiaoi?: ao?oee
c iiaeeaeaiiai aea/aiiy oe?a?inueei?, ?in?enueei?, ?iicaiieo iia,
e?oa?aoo?e, iaoaiaoeee, o?ceee, o?i??, a?ieia??, aaia?ao?? oa ?i. E??i
oeeo ao?oe?a, o oeieao noai?thaaeeny ??ci? oaoi?/i? ao?oee, oae? ye
«THiee oaoi?e», «THiee ?aae?ioaoi?e», «THiee aeaeo?ioaoi?e», «THiee
eiino?oeoi?» oiui.

A?aee?eaaeany aaeeea e?euee?noue ao?oe?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
i?io?eth: ao?oee thieo naaeiaiae?a, thieo ea?oieea??a, thieo
iaoo?ae?no?a, thieo i?e?iaeiioi?iioe?a.

Aacia?a/ii, iiioey?ieie na?aae aeoiaaioe?a oe?e-?ioa?iao?a, o oie /an,
aoee ao?oee, ye? iaee ae?iaie/ee oa?aeoa?. Oea, ianaiia?aae noiey?iee,
nethna?iee, oaaeiee, oaanueeee, a’ycaiiy, aeoeaaiiy, iiaeaethaaiiy,
oioiao?oie.

Aaeeeith iiaaaith o ae?oae ei?enooaaeeny ao?oee ooaeiaeiuei?
naiiae?yeueiino?: ioce/i?, oaioethaaeuei?, oi?ia?, ae?aiaoe/i?,
ae?aciiai /eoaiiy oa ?io?.

E??i ao?oe?a, o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao i?aai?ciaoaaeeny ? i?aoethaaee ??ci?
nii?oeai? naeoe??: eaaei? aoeaoeee, ooaeiaeiuei? a?iianoeee, aieaeaieo,
oooaieo, no??eueae, oao?a, oo?ecio.

Cia/ieo ci?i caciaea ia?aaea oe?e-?ioa?iao?a Oe?a?ie o 1966-1991 ?ieao.
E?euee?noue oe?e-?ioa?iao?a caaaeueiiai oeio ? o/i?a o ieo ??cei
nei?ioeeany, a niaoe?aeueieo – ca?eueoeeany. sseui o 1964/65
iaa/aeueiiio ?ioe? a Oe?a?i? ooieoe?iioaaei 813 oe?e-?ioa?iao?a c
eiioeiaaioii 262,2 oeny/? o/i?a, oi o 1991/92 iaa/aeueiiio ?ioe? ?o aoei
702 c eiioeiaaioii 147,4 oeny/? o/i?a. E?euee?noue oe?e-?ioa?iao?a
caaaeueiiai oeio ciaioeeanue ia 235 (c 544 o 1965 ?ioe? aei 309 o 1991
?ioe?), a niaoe?aeueieo c?inea ia 124 (c 269 o 1965 ?ioe? aei 393
caeeaae?a o 1991 ?ioe?). ?acii c oei 111 oe?e-?ioa?iao?a caciaee
ia?ai?io?ethaaiiy a ?io? iaa/aeueii-aeoiai? caeeaaee, aoee oe?oiiai? aai
cae?eo?. E?euee?noue ae?oae a ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaaeao ciaioeeany iaeaea ia
115 oeny/. I?e/eiith oaeiai noaio noaea, ianaiia?aae, ao?aoa ?ioa?ano
aei ieo c aieo i?aai?a aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy. Aiane?aeie oeueiai
iineaaeeiny iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ia, eaae?iaa, o?iainiaa,
iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ia caaacia/aiiy, noni?eueia i?aeo?eiea
oe?e-?ioa?iao?a.

Oa ana ae a Oe?a?i? oeae i?ioean a?aeaoaaany ia oae aie?nii. Oo?aioa i?i
ae?oae, ethaenueea aeia?ioa i?aeeacaee e aeiiiiiaee a?aeiaeoe iiaee, ye
ia o? /ane, e ia?niaeoeaiee iai?yi ?icaeoeo oeeo caeeaae?a.

Ia no/aniiio aoai? a Oe?a?i? ooieoe?iio? 689 oe?e-?ioa?iao?a 28 oei?a: c
ieo 184 – caaaeueiiai oeio, 389 – niaoe?aeuei? aeey ae?oae c aaaeaie o
o?ce/iiio aai ?icoiiaiio ?icaeoeo, 64 naiaoi?i?, 39 aeey ae?oae-ne??o ?
ae?oae, iicaaaeaieo aaouee?anueeiai i?eeoaaiiy, 11 oe?e nioe?aeueii?
?aaa?e?oaoe??.

Ao?eaiiy iiaeo iie?oe/ieo oa aeiiii?/ieo aea?aeaaieo canaae ?icaoaeiae
Oe?a?ie iio?aao? ia o?eueee ia?ainieneaiiy iiia?aaeiueiai aeina?aeo
ae?yeueiino? ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a ina?oe, aea e noai?aiiy ye?nii iiaeo
caeeaae?a noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy aeey nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ii? ?iaioe c
ae?oueie, ye? iio?aieee a neeaaei? aeeoo?a? neooaoe??. O?oaeiiu?, ui
ia`?eoeaii aeieeathoue ia oeueiio oeyoo, niiioeathoue ooeaoe iia?
iaoeia? i?aeoiaee aei i?aai?caoe?? nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia ?iaioe
c ??cieie eaoaai??yie ae?oae oa i?aee?oe?a, iaeaoaeoeai?o? oeyoe, oi?ie
? iaoiaee iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe c ieie, noai?thaaoe iiao iiaeaeue
iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o ?ioa?iaoiiai oeio (aeea. oaae.1).
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy c oeueiai ieoaiiy oni?oii i?iaiaeyoueny
o Caii??aeae? (Oi?oeoeueeee iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiee
aaaaoii?io?eueiee oeaio?), Eai`yioe?-Iiae?euenueeiio
(iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiee oeaio?), Ee?a? (oeiea-?ioa?iao ? 15),
Eueaia? (?aaa?e?oaoe?eiee oeaio? aeey ae?oae c aaaeaie ci?o), Iaean?
(iaaeeei-iaaeaaia?/iee ?aaa?e?oaoe?eiee eiiieaen aeey aeooeo ae?oae oa
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/iee eiiieaen o Oiioainuee?e oeie? nioe?aeueii?
?aaa?e?oaoe??).

O aeniiaeao ocaaaeueith?oueny oa?aeoa?enoeea i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
oa oi?ioeththoueny i?aenoieia? iieiaeaiiy.

A oiae? ?ao?iniaeoeaiiai aiae?co aea/aii ?noi?e/i? oa
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? ia?aaeoiiae noai?aiiy ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a
ina?oe, aeae?eaii iniiai? aoaie ?o ?icaeoeo, aeine?aeaeaii
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie, ye? ae??ooaaeenue o ia??iae
noaiiaeaiiy caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i?.

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeeei, ui ia iaaieo aoaiao ?icaeoeo
iaoiai noni?euenoaa aeieeaee ??ci? oeie iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a.
Aeeiiaaoe naith nioe?aeueio ooieoe?th, aiie cai?ithaaeenue ?ioeie. Ia
aeiiao /ano noai?thaaeeny ? ?icaeaaeeny /eneaii? iai?yie noni?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae a Oe?a?i?: aeeoy/? i?eooeee, aeeoy/? aoaeeiee,
caaaeueiiina?oi? oeiee-?ioa?iaoe, oeiee-?ioa?iaoe c iiaeeaeaiei
aea/aiiyi ie?aieo i?aaeiao?a, a?iiac??-?ioa?iaoe, e?oea?-?ioa?iaoe,
naiaoi?i? oeiee-?ioa?iaoe, niaoe?aeuei? oeiee-?ioa?iaoe aeey ae?oae c
aaaeaie ?icaeoeo, oeiee nioe?aeueii? ?aaa?e?oaoe??,
iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?ei? oeaio?e.

I?iaeaie iaiiaieo n?iae, ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino? ae?oae-ne??o, oai?eo
ae?oae oa ae?oae – ?iaae?ae?a, ??no aaci?eooeueiino?, aeeoy/i?
cei/eiiino? aeiaaee aeioe?euei?noue i?aai?caoe?? naia oaeeo
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a, ?o iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo ?
aaeineiiaeaiiy.

Caaaeueiiina?oi? oeiee-?ioa?iaoe a?ae?a?aaaee ? a?ae?a?athoue aaeeeo
?ieue o ?ica`ycaii? aaaeeeaiai aea?aeaaiiai caaaeaiiy – aeeiiaiiy Caeiio
i?i anaiao/, – o oi?ioaaii? aa?iii?eii ?icaeiaii? iniaenoino?,
i?aeaioiaoe? aeoiaaioe?a aei naiino?eiiai aeeooy ? i?aoe?, noai?aii?
iaeaaeieo oiia aeey ?o nioe?aeueiiai caoenoo.

Aea/aiiy ? ocaaaeueiaiiy aeinyaiaiue e?aueo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a aeathoue
ciiao aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei? oiiae aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano, a naia:

Oaaeeoey 1

I???ioiaia iiaeaeue iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o

ss – ethaeeia ss – /eai n?i SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 10 c ? ss – o/aiue
ss –

aeeoaeue i?noa, naea ss –

– onoiaiiy iai?iaeoeoeaieo aeo?ao /ano ia o?ioe?, ca?eueoaiiy eiai ia
naiino?eio ?iaioo o/i?a ca ?aooiie nei?i/aiiy ia ia?aa??eo aeiiaoiueiai
caaaeaiiy, c`ynoaaiiy nooiaiy naiino?eiino? o/iy a i?ioean? aeeiiaiiy
aeiiaoiuei? ?iaioe ? canai?iiy iiaiai iaoa??aeo. Caaacia/aiiy ca`yceo
aea/aiiy iniia iaoe c aeeooyi ia o?ieao ? a i?ioean? iicao?i/ii?
aeoiaii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a;

– cae?eniaiiy iianyeaeaiiiai ae?eiaiai ca`yceo a ?iaio? a/eoaey ?
aeoiaaoaey, ui caaacia/o? aeeaiea aea/aiiy eiaeii? aeeoeie,
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiee i?aeo?ae aei o/i?a, nai?/ania iaaeaiiy aeiiiiiae
iaanoeaath/ei, noai?aiiy iaiao?aeieo oiia aeey ?icaeoeo iaoee?a ?
cae?aiinoae ae?oae, aeyaeaiiy ?o iaaea?iaaiue;

– /?oea aeeiiaiiy ?aaeeio, yeee ?ic?iaeyany a?aeiia?aeii aei
iaaeaaia?/ieo ? a?a??i?/ieo ii?i, iiceoeaii iicia/a?oueny ia ?icoiiaiio
?icaeoeo ae?oae, ni?ey? cia/iiio i?aeaeuaiith yeino? ciaiue, noai?th?
ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey iiaeieaiiy iaoni?oiino? ? ae?oai??/ieoeoaa, a
oaeiae aea? ciiao aeio?eioaaoeny iioeiaeueiiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeo?ao
/ano ia ??ci? aeaee ae?yeueiino?, cae?enithaaoe iaaeaaia?/iee aieea ia
ae?yeuei?noue o/i?a ? ea?oaaoe caeiyo?noth aeoiaaioe?a, caaacia/oaaoe
a?aeii/eiie, aeinoaoi?e aeey iiiiaeaiiy o?c?ieia?/ieo ooieoe?e
i?aai?cio.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeeei, ui oeiee-?ioa?iaoe aeeiioaaee o ia??iae ?o
noaiiaeaiiy ? aeeiiothoue o no/anieo oiiaao i?ia?aeio
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/io ooieoe?th ei?aeoe??. Cae?eniaiiy ?? caeeaaeaie
oeueiai oeio ni?ey? ?ica`ycaiith i?iaeaie caiia?aaiiy aeaa?aioii? ?
aeae?ieaaioii? iiaaae?iee ae?oae oa i?aee?oe?a.

Oaeee i?aeo?ae noai?th? oiiae aeey ciaioaiiy e?eueeino? i?aaiii?ooaiue
iaiiaiie?oi?o. Oeae aaaeeeaee nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/iee ? i?aaiaee
aniaeo ae?yeueiino? ?ioa?iaoieo caeeaae?a ina?oe caneoaiao? ia anaa?/io
oaaao oa i?aeo?eieo.

Aeina?ae aaaaoueio oe?e-?ioa?iao?a Oe?a?ie cana?ae/o?, ui iioeiaeuei?
oiiae nioe?aeueiiai noaiiaeaiiy iniaenoino? i?iyaeythoueny o
ooieoe?iioaaii? oai?/eo i?e?ia?oi ye nioe?aeueiiai na?aaeiaeua, o
iiceoeaiiio noaaeaii? o/i?a aei aecia/aieo aeoiaieo iai?yi?a ? oi?i
?iaioe, iayaiino? ni?ai?aoe? ? ia?oia?noaa, aca?iii?aeo?eiee oa
anaa?/ii? aeiiiiiae. Iniaeeaa i?noea o aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ae?oae
iin?aeathoue oae caai? iae? oi?ie aeoiaieo caoiae?a, aea eiaeai iiaea
a?ae/oaaoe naaa ineoieia?/ii eiioi?oii ye o i?aaeiaoii-i?aeoe/i?e
ae?yeueiino?, oae ? a ni?eeoaaii? (i?aaeiaoi? eiieo?ne, oai?/? ciaaaiiy,
can?aeaiiy eeoao, naeoe??, ao?oea, aa/?? a?aeii/eieo, e?oa?aoo?iee
eiieo?n oiui).

?ao?iniaeoeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy, aea/aiiy ia?aaeiaiai aeina?aeo noai?aiiy
oa ?iaioe caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a Oe?a?ie aeaee ciiao aeyaeoe
oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a ? ?ic?iaeoe i???ioiaio iiaeaeue
i?iaiinoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o, ui aecia/a? ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo aeeoy/eo
aoaeeie?a, oe?e-?ioa?iao?a ??cieo oei?a. Iei? oe? ?ic?iaee ao?eththoueny
a aeeooy, iniaeeai i?e cai?iaaaeaeaii? iiaeo oi?i oo?eiaiiy ? aeoiaaiiy
ae?oae o caeeaaeao ?ioa?iaoiiai oeio.

Oea aeine?aeaeaiiy noai?eei i?aea?oioy aeey iiaeaeueoi? ?ic?iaee
i?iaeaie. Cie?aia, a?eueo aeeaieiai aea/aiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoeiaeo
iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e aeey eiaeiiai ie?aiiai oeio oe?e-?ioa?iao?a oa
ia?aa??ee aoaeoeaiino? ?o aaciina?aaeiuei ia i?aeoeoe?.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeai? a ioae?eaoe?yo aaoi?a:

1. Ni?aae iaa?aeeeaaei? //??aeia oeiea.-1993.- ? 2.- N.62-63.

2. C iaineaaiith oaaaith //Aeioe?eueia aeoiaaiiy.-1993.- ?6.- N.4-5.

3. Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie nioe?aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eii? oa ei?aeoe?eii?
aeiiiiiae a niaoe?aeueieo caeeaaeao aeey ae?oae c ineoio?ce/ieie aaaeaie
//Aeaoaeoieia?y.-1996.- ?1.- N.26-30.

4. Ia iniia? caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae //??aeia
oeiea.-1997.-?3-4.- N.73-75.

5. Caa?aaoe ia?aaeo. (C aeiiia?aeii? Eieaa?? I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie) //Aeioe?eueia aeoiaaiiy.-1997.- ?8.- N.5-7.

6. Noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoie caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i?
(1956-1966??.)//??aeia oeiea.-1999.- ?1.- N.74-75.

7. Noaiiaeaiiy niaoe?aeueieo oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i? (1945-1965 ??.)
//Aeaoaeoieia?y.-1999.- ?1.- N.51-52.

Iieanue A?oae?e Iao?iae/. Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae noaiiaeaiiy oa
?icaeoeo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i? (1956-1966 ??.)-
?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee. –
?inoeooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.

O aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyaeathoueny ?noi?e/i? oa nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?
ia?aaeoiiae aeieeiaiiy caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e-?ioa?iao?a a Oe?a?i?,
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie ?o noaiiaeaiiy oa iaaieiiiai
?icaeoeo a cacia/aiee ia??iae. Aaoi?ii aeine?aeaeai? ieoaiiy
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe o oeieao-?ioa?iaoao, iioeiaeuei?
oeyoe ?? oaeineiiaeaiiy, aecia/ai? ia?niaeoeae iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo
caeeaae?a noni?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ciaeoee
i?aeoe/ia ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?e ?ic?iaoe? iiai? iiaeae?
iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o oa noai?aii? no/anieo ?ioa?iaoieo
caeeaae?a ina?oe a Oe?a?i?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: oeiea-?ioa?iao, noni?eueia aeoiaaiiy, ?ao?iniaeoeaiee
aiae?c, nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie, iiaeaeue
iaa/aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o, iicao?i/ia aeoiaia ae?yeuei?noue,
oaeineiiaeaiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe, ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo.

Iieanue Aeoaeee Iao?iae/. Nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneea iniiau noaiiaeaiey
e ?acaeoey iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie-eioa?iaoia a Oe?aeia (1956-1966
aa.)- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee. –
Einoeooo i?iaeai ainieoaiey AII Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

A aeenna?oaoeee ?anniao?eaathony enoi?e/aneea e
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea i?aaeiinueee aicieeiiaaiey
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie-eioa?iaoia a Oe?aeia,
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-iaaeaaiae/aneea i?iaeaiu eo noaiiaeaiey e iaonoaiiiai
?acaeoey a iaicia/aiiue ia?eiae. Aaoi?ii enneaaeiaaiu aii?inu
i?aaiecaoeee o/aaii-ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou a oeieao-eioa?iaoao,
iioeiaeueiua iooe aa oniaa?oainoaiaaiey, ii?aaeaeaiu ia?niaeoeau
aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey caaaaeaiey iauanoaaiiiai ainieoaiey. Iniiaiua
?acoeueoaou ?aaiou iaoee i?aeoe/aneia aiaae?aiea i?e ?ac?aaioea iiaie
iiaeaee o/aaii-?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiiai oeaio?a e nicaeaiee nia?aiaiiuo
eioa?iaoiuo caaaaeaiee ia?aciaaiey a Oe?aeia.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: oeiea-eioa?iao, iauanoaaiiia ainieoaiea,
?ao?iniaeoeaiue aiaeec, nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneea i?iaeaiu, iiaeaeue
o/aaii-?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiiai oeaio?a, aiao?i/iay ainieoaoaeueiay
aeayoaeueiinoue, oniaa?oainoaiaaiea o/aaii-ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou,
ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey.

Pokas Vitaly Petrovych. Social and pedagogical foundations of formation
and development of secondary boarding – schools in Ukraine (1956-1966) –
Manuscript.

The these is created for obtaining the scientific degree of the
candidate of pedagogical sciences speciality 13.00.01 – Theory and
History of Pedagogical Science. The Institute of education problems,
part of the ARS (Academy of Pedagogical Sciences) of Ukraine, Kyiv,
1999.

The thesis is committed to exploring historical, social and economic
factors of boarding-school system creation in Ukraine. The research also
looks into organizational and educational problems of boarding-school
system formation and its continual development throughout the
above-mentioned term. The author of the thesis also did certain amount
of research on educational and teaching activities organization at
boarding-schools, including a few effective ways to perfect education at
boarding-schools. Future perspectives on further development of that
kind of public educational establishments are also found in the research
work. The key results of the work were practically applied in the
process of creation of a new model for a center of education and
rehabilitation, as well as other kinds of modern boarding-schools in
Ukraine.

The key words: boarding-school, public education retrospective method of
analysis, social and pedagogical problems, model for a center of
education and rehabilitation, extracurricular educational activities,
enhancement of educational and teaching activities, future perspectives
of development.

PAGE

PAGE 3

Oeyoe ?aae?caoe?? iniiaieo ooieoe?e

Aieiai? ooieoe??

No?oeoo?a ?aaa?e?oaoe?eiiai oeaio?o

Ae?aaiinoeea ineo?/iiai ?icaeoeo

I?iaiinoe/ia iaaeeei-ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia ae?aaiinoeea

Ae?aaiinoeei-eiinoeueoaoeaia

?aaa?e?oaoe?eiee oeaio? i?nueeiai oeio

Eiinoeueooaaiiy o/aniee?a iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano

Iaa/aeueii-aeoiaia

Caaaeueiiina?oiy i?aeaioiaea

Ei?aeoe?y aaae ineoio?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo

Oi?ioaaiiy iniaeno?nieo yeinoae oa aeooiaia a?ae?iaeaeaiiy

Ineoieia?/ia i?aeo?eiea n?i SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 10 c ? oa aeeoeie

Eeane i?e caaaeueiiina?oi?e oeie? ?aeiiiiai oeio

Nioe?aeueii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eia

I?aai?caoe?y a?aeii/eieo ? eoeueoo?iiai aeeooy

Nii?oeaia ae?yeuei?noue, ca SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 10 c ycie ?c
nioe?oiii

I?ioeiinoeueoaoe?y

I?ioan?eii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eia

I?ioi???ioaoe?y

I?ioan?eii-o?oaeiaa i?aeaioiaea

I?ioaaeaioaoe?y

Iaaeiiia iaa/aiiy ca ?iaeea?aeoaeueiith i?ia?aiith

O?ce/ii-?aaa?e?oaoe?eia

Ei?eaoth/? ai?aae oa ?ooeea? ?a?e a ?aaeei? aeiy

Caaaeueiio?ce/ia eoeueoo?a, EOE ? ?eoi?ea

Iia?o?yi?, aiaei?, niiy/i? aaiie oa ianaae?

Iaaeeei-?aaa?e?oaoe?eia

A?aeiiaethaaeueia e?eoaaiiy

I?ioacoaaiiy

Iaa/aeueii-aeoiaia oa ei?aeoe?eia nenoaia

Eaiaee i?eaeaniaiiy nioe?aeueiiai aeina?aeo

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?iaeea?aeoaeueiee nioe?aeueiee aeina?ae

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