?INOEOOO O?EINIO??
IAOe?IIAEUeIA AEAAeAI?ss IAOE O?A?IE
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
Aeiaeiiia ?iiai Ieaenaiae?iae/
OAeE140,8
Oieinioneee aiaeic i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy i ooieoeiiioaaiiy
aoiiiaioaeueiinoi
09.00.03 – nioe?aeueia o?einio?y oa o?einio?y ?noi???
AAOI?AOA?AO
AeENA?OAOeI? IA CAeIAOOOss IAOEIAIAI NOOIAIss AeIEOI?A OIEINIONUeEEO
IAOE
Ee?a
1999
Aeena?oaoei?th ? ?oeiien
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiiaia a Caii?icueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oiiaa?neoaoi
Iiiinoa?noaa inaioe Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? oieinionueeeo iaoe, i?ioani? Aieiaee
Aioaeie Iaaiiae/, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith o?einio?? Caii??cueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
Ioioeieii iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? oieinionueeeo iaoe, Eyo A?oae?e
Aaneeueiae/, i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee ?inoeoooo o?einio?? ?i.
A.N.Neiai?iaee IAI Oe?a?ie
– aeieoi? oieinionueeeo iaoe, Eoeaoaae/ Ieeiea Iaaeiae/, i?ioani?,
ia/aeueiee oi?aae?iiy aoiai?oa?iith ina?oith oa aeoiaaiyi I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie
– aeieoi? oieinionueeeo iaoe, Ai?iieiaa Aaeaioeia A?eai??aia i?ioani?,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa Caii??cueei?
aea?aeaaii? ?iaeaia?ii? aeaaeai??
I?iaiaeia onoaiiaa: Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie (eaoaae?a o?einio??)
Caoeno aiaeaoaeaoueny 17 aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo i 14 aiaeeii ia caniaeaiii
niaoeiaeiciaaii? A/aii? ?aaee Ae26.161.02. a ?inoeooo? o?einio?? IAI
Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252001, Ee?a-1, aoe.O?ueionayoeoaeuenueea, 4.
C aeena?oaoei?th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o aiaeiioaoei ?inoeoooo o?einio??
IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252001, Ee?a-1, aoe.O?ueionayoeoaeuenueea, 4.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?icineaiee 15 eeiiy 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoeiaeiciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
eaiaeeaeao o?einionueeeo iaoe Neoie/aiei E.A.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeueiinoue oaie aeineiaeaeaiiy. Aeooaeueiinoue iaioaeueii?
i?iaeaiaoeee acaaaei i ieoaiiy i?i iioiaeaeaiiy i iiaeaeueoa
ooieoeiiioaaiiy aoii/ii? iaioaeueiinoi cie?aia, iaoiiaeaia oai?aoe/ieie
i i?aeoe/ieie iio?aaaie noniieueieo ia?aoai?aiue iino?aaeyinueeeo
noniieuenoa. ?iciaae Nithco ?N? oa ooai?aiiy ia eiai oei oeiei? iecee
iacaeaaeieo aea?aeaa, o?yaee yeeo iaiaaathoueny yeiaeoaeaeoa noa?oe c
naaa “?iaeeiio ieyio” eiioiinoe/iiai ieioeiai, iaaecae/aeia c?inoaiiy
iieioe/ii? aeoeaiinoi ?iciiiaiioieo aoii/ieo niieueiio, iiooee aeanii?
oiieaeueiinoi, noaiiaeaiiy iaeaieiai? iaoeiiiaeueiiai aiae?iaeaeaiiy oa
iio? iiiaioe, ui iia’ycai? c i?ioeanii nioeiaeueii? o?ainoi?iaoei?,
i?ecaaee aei noeoeeiiai caa?iaiiy iaeaieiaia iieiaeeo iino?aaeyinueeeo
e?a?i aei oaiiiaio iaioaeueiinoi. Aieth/? iiooee aiaeiiaiaei ia ieoaiiy:
“Ooi ie? *ei ie, ia?iae Oe?a?ie (?inni?, A?oci?, Eacaonoaio),
aiae?iciy?iiny iaeei aiae iaeiiai (i ia a aiaeiioaiii eieuei?ia
aea?aeaaieo i?aii?ia aai iie?ith iaoeiiiaeueiiai iaeyao, a a aniaeo?
aeeaeiieo, nooi?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee) i aiae iioeo ia?iaeia naioo?”
ia?aeoee o ieiueio iaeaieiai/ieo ?iia?aoea?a. O oeeo oiiaao iiooee
niaoeeoi/iiai ciinoo aoii/ii? iaioaeueiinoi noaee oei no?eaeiai, iaaeiei
yeiai ii/aee e?enoae?coaaoeny iia? iaoeiiiaeueii iaea? i, aiaeiiaiaeii,
iia? iaeaieiai?.
E?ii oeueiai oaeoo, i?aeoe/ia aeooaeueiinoue aeineiaeaeaiiy aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiinoi iaoiiaeaia ua e oei, /oi a neeaaei? inoi?e/ii aiioe,
iiaeiaii aei iaoi?, iaaaaaoi c?inoathoue ianyae nioeiaeueii cia/oui?
iioi?iaoei?. Eieaeoeaiee iioaeaeo iaoei? ia caaaeaee ni?iiiaeiee
aoaeoeaii i nai?/anii ii?aoethaaoe oei iioi?iaoeieii no?oie, ui “aeeoee
c aa?aaia”. O oeeo aeiaaeeao iinoea iaooieoeiiioth/iai iioaeaeoo
aaoiiaoe/ii caeiathoue ieae/? oa?e noniieueii? ineo?ee, ui
aiaeia?aaeathoue aeieniinoue ia aei?aoeiiiaeueiiio, aeieiai/iiio,
aiioeieii caaa?aeaiiio ?iaii. Cia/aiiy aoii/ii? iaioaeueiinoi na?aae
yaeu oeueiai ?iaiy aaaeei ia?aioeiieoe.
A?eueo oiai, aac aiae?co aeeaeiieo aoiiiaioaeueieo i?aenoaa iaiiaeeeai
c?icoi?oe nai???aei?noue aeooiaiiai aeeooy oiai /e ?ioiai ia?iaeo,
iiynieoe, /iio ?icaeoie a Oe?a?i? aeaiie?aoe/ieo ? ?eieiaeo i?eioeei?a
c?oeioany c ineoieia?/iith ?ia?oi?noth, c iai?aeaioiaeai?noth
eiina?aaoeaii i???ioiaaii? ethaeeie aei na?oiaeyaeiiai ieth?ae?cio. Oe?
i?aeoe/i? iiiaioe iaoiiaeththoue oai?aoe/io aeooaeuei?noue ia?aii?
oaiaoeee. Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui aeine?aeiee, yeee aia?oa caa?ioany aei
iaioaeueii? i?iaeaiaoeee, c iaiao?aei?noth noeea?oueny c eaioethaii
niaoeeo?/ieo neeaaeiiu?a, a?aenooi?o i?e aiae?c? ?ioeo iaoeiaeo i?iaeai.
Aei ieo ne?ae a?aeianoe c?inoath/o c ?ieo a ??e e?euee?noue noaoae,
iiiia?ao?e, aenooi?a. Ia ia?oee iiaeyae, oaea iiioey?i?noue iiiyooy
iaioaeueiino? ni?ey? ae??oaiith aaaaoueio oai?aoe/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo
ieoaiue.
Aea i?iaeaia iaioaeueiino? nueiaiaei? aeeeeea? iano?eueee cia/io
caoe?eaaeai?noue, ui ia?aaaae, eio?? iaaea? iaoe?i?noue a?ae?ia?ao??,
o?ainoi?io?oueny a naith i?ioeeaaei?noue, ine?eueee eiaeiee iiaee aaoi?
ciaoiaeeoueny a a?eueo neeaaeiiio noaiiaeu?, i?ae eiai iiia?aaeieee.
Iaoeiaaoeue, yeee ?icii/eia? aiae?c iaioaeueiino?, /anoi ?icaoaeth?oueny
a e?oa?aoo?iiio ?icia?oo?, i?e oeueiio iaooo? aeaniei i?aaeiaoii
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Oai?aoe/ia aeooaeuei?noue iaioaeueii? i?iaeaiaoeee
iaoiiaeth?oueny iayai?noth o?eaaeiai ia??iaeo eaoaioiiai ?icaeoeo, eiee
iaioaeuei?noue aea/aee, aea ia iaceaaee ?? ye oaeo. Aeyaeoe eiioeaioe??
iaioaeueiino? oeueiai ia??iaeo a o?einioneie e?oa?aoo?? ca aoaeue-yeeie
ciai?oi?ie iciaeaie iaiiaeeeai: i?i oa, ui iiaa a ieo eaea naia i?i
iaioaeuei?noue, c’yniao?oueny eeoa i?ney iciaeiieaiiy c oaenoii.
E??i oiai, ?nio? ua iaeei aniaeo aeooae?caoe?? ia?aii? oaie, ia iao
iiaeyae, naiee nooo?aee, yeee iieyaa? a oiio, ui a iiiyoo?
iaioaeuei?noue eiaeai aaoi? ?icoi??oueny ii-nai?io, iaiiaithth/e oea
iiiyooy aeaniei ci?noii, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei o?oaeiiu?a ii??aiyeueiiai
aiae?co. Aaaaeathoue, ui iaioaeuei?noue iaeaaeeoue aei oeo iiiyoue
iaoeiai? ? aoaeaiii? iiae, nooi?noue yeeo aeoaea aaaeei ie?aneeoe
aeao?i?oe??th. sseui ni?iaoaaoe iiynieoe ??ciiiai?oi? cia/aiiy oeueiai
iiiyooy, oi noai?th?oueny nei??oa ?ioo?oeaiee ia?ac, i?ae eia?/ii
iaa?oioiaaia eaoaai??y. Oao?aoe? a ??ci? /ane ?icoi?ee i?ae
iaioaeuei?noth ? noia?a/eeao oe?e?no?noue ea?oeie na?oo, ?
aei?aoeaeoeaiee oa? ieneaiiy, ? eieaeoeaia iana?aeiia, ?
nioe?ieoeueoo?i? aaoiiaoecie na?aeiiino? ?iaeea?ae?a ? a?oi, ?
“aeiaaeueiee, anaioiiethth/ee “ao??” eoeueoo?e”, a yeee caio?ai? an?
/eaie noni?euenoaa oiui. Iaaaeueia iio?aaa a oeiieia?caoe?? ?
nenoaiaoecaoe?? ?nioth/eo aecia/aiue iaioaeueiino?, noai?aiiy
nioe?aeueii-o?einionei? eiioeaioe?? aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? oaeiae
iaoiiaeththoue aeooaeuei?noue ia?aii? oaie.
Noai iaoeiaiai aeineiaeaeaiiy. Iiyaa a iaoeiaiio eaen?eii? oa?i?io
iaioaeuei?noue (iaioae?oao) o?aaeeoe?eii iia’ycothoue c ?iaiaie
o?aioeocueeeo a/aieo, ye? ? i?aaenoaaieeaie ?noi??ia?ao?/ii? oeiee
“Aiiae?a”: E.Oaa?a, I.Aeiea, AE.Eaoaa?a, AE.Ea Aiooa, A.Aetha?,
?.Oa?o’?, AE.?aaaey oiui. O ?aaeyinueeiio Nithc? iaioaeuei?noue ethaeae
ieioeeo aiio aeeaiei aea/aeany ?noi?eeaie-iaae??a?noaie
TH.I.Aoaianue?aei, A.ss.Ao?aae/ai, TH.E.Aacnia?oiei, E.I.Iooea?ueiaei,
eoeueoo?ieiaaie I.I.Aaoo?iei, TH.Eioiaiii (Oa?oonueea oeiea nai?ioeee).
A Oe?a?i? iaioaeueiee oaiiiai acaaae? oa aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue cie?aia,
ia a?aei?io a?ae aaaaoueio ?ioeo aoiiineoieia?/ieo i?iaeai noaea
i?aaeiaoii aea/aiiy eeoa a inoaii? aeanyoe??//y, ui iia’ycaii, a ia?oo
/a?ao, c cacia/aiith ?aeaieia?/iith aeooae?caoe??th iiiyooy
iaioaeueiino? a oiiaao iacaeaaeiino?. A oie aea /an, ineoieia?/iee
neeaae oe?a?inueeiai aoiino, “aeoo ia?iaeo”, iaoe?iiaeueiee oa?aeoa? oa
?io?, noi?ni? c iaioaeuei?noth i?iaeaie, caaaeaee aoee o oieon? iaoeiaeo
?ioa?an?a oaeeo oe?a?inueeeo ieneeoae?a ye Ae.Aioiiiae/, A.Aauaiei,
I.Einoiia?ia, A.Eoeue/eoeueeee, TH.Eeia, A.Eeieinueeee, A.Iioaaiy,
Ae.*eaeaanueeee, A.Ua?aae?anueeee, A.ssi?a, ss.ss?aia.
Aoi?/i?e iaioaeueiino? ye ineoieia?/iiio oaiiiaio i?enay/ai? iaoeia?
aei?iaee oe?a?inueeeo nioe?aeueieo ineoieia?a I.Aa?eoiieueoea, A.Aaa?ea,
A.A?aonaiei, I.Aeii/aiei, A.Aanthoeinueeiai, ?.A?oiai?-Aaaaiei,
I.Nethna?aanueeiai, I.Oac?aoiaa oa ?ioeo. Aaciina?aaeiuei aoi?/i?
aniaeoe iaioaeueiino? ia ii/aoeo 90-o ?ie?a ?icaeyaeaeeny o i?aoeyo
eieaeoeaa naeoi?o o?einio?? ? nioe?ieia?? aoiino ? iaoe?? ?inoeoooo
o?einio?? IAI Oe?a?ie: A.Iiiiaa, E.Oeey?a, I.Ooieaeoa, A.Ia??/oea,
A.Ionoio?ia oa ?ioeie.
Ie?ai? aeiiii?/i?, nioe?aeuei?, iie?oe/i?, ?noi?e/i? aniaeoe
aoiiiaioaeueiino? ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy a ioae?eaoe?yo A.Aiae?ouaiea,
A.Aoyoaiei, A.Aeno?eoeueeiai, A.Ae/ei, ?.Ae/ea, A.Aieiaeea,
A.Ai?iieiai?, A.Ai?ae, A.E?aiiy, N.E?einueeiai, I.Eoeaoaae/a, I.Iieeyea,
A.Ianoa?aiei, I.Iaeueae, O.Iiieaanueei?, TH.?eia?aiea, ?.Noa?iaieoa,
A.Oaaa/eianueeiai, TH.Oaae?aa, A.O?aiiai?, ?.Oeaoi?no?a, A.Oeiea?oea oa
aaaaoueio ?ioeo aaoi??a.
Ia’?eo aeineiaeaeaiiy ? iaioaeuei?noue aoiino.
I?aaeiaoii aeineiaeaeaiiy aenooia? i?ioeann oi?ioaaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?.
Aaia?aeueiith iaoith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeineiaeaeaiiy ?
nioe?aeueii-o?einioneee aiae?c i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy oa ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?, aecia/aiiy i?noey ? ?ie? oeueiai oaiiiaia a
aeooiaiiio aeeoo? noni?euenoaa. A?aeiia?aeii aei iinoaaeaii? iaoe a
aeena?oaoe?? ae??oothoueny ianooii? caaaeaiiy:
1. Inieneeoe iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue” ye nioe?aeueii-o?einionueei?
eaoaai???.
2. I?iaiae?coaaoe ?noi?eei-o?einionueeee aniaeo noaiiaeaiiy iiiyooy
“iaioaeuei?noue” c aeie?aieaiiyi aoai?a oeueiai i?ioeano.
3. Aeyaeoe iaoiaeieia?/io niaoeeo?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy iaioaeueiiai
oaiiiaia o?einio??th ? ie?aieie iaoeaie.
4. C?iaeoe eeaneo?eaoe?th ?nioth/eo aeao?i?oe?e eaoaai???
“iaioaeuei?noue”.
5. Aecia/eoe ?iaei-aeaeia? a?aei?iiino? iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaia oa iienaoe
eiai ??ciiaeaee.
6. C’ynoaaoe nooi?noue iiiyoue “aoi?/ia” ? “aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue”.
7. Iienaoe iniiai? oi?ie i?iyao aoiiiaioaeueiino?.
8. Ona?aeiieoe aeoae?noe/io i?e?iaeo aoiiiaioaeueiino?.
9. Aeie?aieoe no?oeoo?i? ??ai? aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?.
10. C’ynoaaoe iniiai? oaeoi?e, ye? aeaoa?i?iothoue ci?no iaioaeueiino?
oiai /e ?ioiai aoiino, ca?oioaaoe ? oeiieia?coaaoe ?o.
11. Aecia/eoe i?noea aoiiiaioaeueiino? na?aae oaiiiai?a aeooiaiiai
aeeooy noni?euenoaa. Aea/eoe i?yiee ? cai?ioi?e aieea aoiiiaioaeueiino?
ia ianiao na?aeii?noue oa ?inoeoooe?ae?ciaai? aeaiaioe aeooiaii? noa?e:
iaoeo, o?einio?th, ienoaoeoai, ?ae?a?th oa ?io?.
12. Ni?aa?aeianoe aea? oi?ie i?iyao i?aeoe/ii? na?aeiiino? – ?aeaieia?th
oa iaioaeuei?noue, aeyaeoe a ieo caaaeueia oa niaoeeo?/ia.
13. Aeaanoe iniiai? ?ene oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino?, i?iaiae?coaaoe
iaae? aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy ? ?acoeueoaoeaiino? ii?iaoeaiiai oa
aii??e/iiai iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?. Inieneeoe
i?aen?ieia?/io ooieoe?th aoiiiaioaeueiino?, ?? cia/aiiy aeey
nioe?aeueieo ?aoi?i acaaae? oa a Oe?a?i? cie?aia.
Iaoiaeieia?/ia iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy. A iniia? aeena?oaoe?? eaaeeoue
o?einionueea eiioeaioe?y, yea ?icoi?? aoooy ethaeeie, ye aeeoo?aee na?o,
ui iinoa? oe?e?nii. A?i ia?aaeo? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiio ?nioaaiith ethaeeie
? aecia/a? i??o an?o oaiiiai?a ?? aoooy, aeeth/ath/e eiai a caaaeueiee
eiioaeno iioieia?/ii? oe?e?niino?. Caaaeueii-aaiethoe?eiee i?ioean
ethaenueeiai aoooy i?ioiaeeoue o nai?io ?icaeoeo o?e noaae??: a?iaaiace,
aio?iiinioe?iaaiace, iiinioe?iaaiace. Aacoth/enue ia oaeiio oyaeaii? i?i
aoooy ethaeeie, aaoi? i?aaia iieacaoe, ui a iueiio aeieeathoue oae?
?iia?aoeae, ye? caaeathoue iaai? ii?ie na?oini?eeiyooy, ciaoiaeyoue nai?
a?aeaeooy o aoiiiaioaeueiino? oa i?eoaiaii? on?i o?ueii noaae?yi
aaiethoe?eiiai ?icaeoeo. Ine?eueee o no/aniiio aoiai?oa?iiio ciaii?
iaio? ieth?ae?ci aeoiie, oi oea ciaoiaeeoue nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy o
iaoiaeao aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. O?aaeeoe?ei? o?einionuee?
iaoiaee (oaiiiaiieia?/iee, ae?aeaeoe/iee, n?ia?aaoe/iee) ca oeeo oiia
ie?aeii i?aoeththoue ia iniia? i?eioeei?a aca?iiaeiiiaiaiiy,
aeueoa?iaoeaiino?, eiiia?aoea?noeee, eiinainono.
E??i oiai, ?aae?caoe?y ia?aiiai eiioaenooaeueiiai i?aeoiaeo iinoaaeea
aaoi?a ia?aae iaiao?aei?noth aanoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ia iaae? c ?ioeie
o?einionueeeie ? iao?einionueeeie aeenoeeie?iaie, aieea yeeo ia iiaeia
caeeoeoe iica oaaaith.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeineiaeaeaiiy iieyaa? a o?einionuee?e ?aoeaen??
nooiino? aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? a eiioaeno? eia?/iiai e ?noi?e/iiai
aeoie?a, aeaea?ae aeooiaiiai aeeooy aoiino. Oey oaia ua ia ia?
nenoaiiiai aena?oeaiiy, oiio ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? ?acthiothoue iaoeiao iiaecio ? aeiinyoueny aaoi?ii
ia caoeno, aeioe?eueii aoaea noi?ioethaaoe o aeaeyae? ie?aieo oac:
Aeaii aecia/aiiy iaioaeueiino? ye niaoeeo?/iiai noeeth na?oini?eeiyooy,
ui a?aeaeaa? o ciyoiio aeaeyae? aeiaaee i?ioean ni?eueiiai ?nioaaiiy
ethaeae o iiae?aieo i?e?iaeii-aaia?ao?/ieo oa nioe?ieoeueoo?ieo oiiaao.
Aeiaaaeaii, ui aoiiiaioaeuei?noue ? iaa?ae’?iiee ao?eaoo aoi?/iiai
oaiiiaia. I?ae aoi?/iei ne?ae ?icoi?oe iiiyooy, ui oa?aeoa?eco? ca’ycee
? a?aeiioaiiy i?ae ni?eueiioaie ethaeae ye iin?yie niaoeeo?/ieo
iaioae?oao?a, ye? aeieeathoue ? oniaaeei?ieththoueny a ?acoeueoao?
o?eaaeiai ?nioaaiiy a ?aeeiiio na?aaeiaeu?. Ine?eueee ooieoe?iiaeueii
aoi?/ia ? nai???aeiei “e?ooii”, yeee i?ae?eia? a?ieia?/i? ni?eueiioe aei
??aiy nioe?aeueieo, oi aieiaiee aoii?ioaa?aio oaeiae ne?ae a?aeianoe aei
iiaea?eii? a?inioe?aeueii? noa?e, a oiio eiai iaiao?aeii ooeaoe naia a
noa?? ineo?/iiai.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue ia? aeoae?noe/io i?e?iaeo. Ca
oi?iith aiia ? iaoai?ciii niaaeei?iiiai cae??ieaiiy ? ia?aaea/?
nioe?aeueii cia/oui? ?ioi?iaoe??, a ca ci?noii – ii?iaeaeaiiyi
ethaenueeiai ioi/aiiy, na?aaeiaeua, ye i?e?iaeiiai, oae ? nioe?aeueiiai.
Aeae?eai? o?e ??ai? no?oeoo?e aoiiiaioaeueiino?: ineoiaia?aaoe/iee,
iana?aeiiee, eia?/iee. E?eoa???i aeey no?oeoo?oaaiiy neoao? iaaia oi?ia
?nioaaiiy ineo?/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??, a naia iiea, ia?ace, iiiyooy.
Cai?iiiiiaaii ianooiio noaio ooai?aiiy iaioaeueieo aaoiiaoeci?a:
iaea?eueo iioeiaeuei? caniae ieneaiiy ia?aoai?ththoueny o “cae/ee
na?aeiiino?”, aen?iie, iai/i?noue yeeo io?eio? niaaeei?iia cae??ieaiiy
(“eia?/iee ??aaiue”), aeae? oey iai/i?noue aeo?niy?oueny a iana?aeiia,
ia?aoai?thth/enue a a?oaoeie (“iana?aeiiee ??aaiue”) oa iaa?oue a
“inaaeiaee”, iicaaaeaiee aaciina?aaeiueiai ca’yceo c ieneaiiyi,
“ineoiaia?aaoe/iee ??aaiue”.
C’yniaaii, ui iaioaeuei?noue, eio?a iaoyaeaia “ineoieia?/iei
iniauaiiyi”, naia ia iiaea aooe a?aeianaia aei iiaiii?aaieo aeooiaieo
ooai?aiue, a ?, nei??oa, ?ioi?iaoe?eiei oaioe/iei noano?aoii, c yeiai
caeiaoaathoue na?e ci?no aeaiaioe aeooiaii? noa?e. Ci?no iaioaeueiino?
iiiaaea? ia “aeu? iiaa?oe” aeooiaiiai aeeooy o ia?aoai?aiiio aeae?, a?i
ia/a ?ic/eiy?oueny o iaoe?iiaeueiiio oa?aeoa??, o iania?e na?aeiiino?, a
noni?euei?e aeoioe?, o oi?iao noni?eueii? na?aeiiino?, ia?aoo?, a
ooai?aiiyo ?inoeoooe?iiaeueiiai ??aiy aeooiaiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, a oi?iao
a?oaoei?a, neiaie?a, ?eoi?a, neiiao?e aai aioeiao?e.
Aeyaeaii iniiai? aeaoa?i?iaioe i?ioeano iioiaeaeaiiy oa ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?. O caaaeueiiio aeaeyae? aeaoa?i?iaioe
aoiiiaioaeueiino? iiaeia caanoe aei aieeao 1) i?e?iaeiiai (aaia?ao?/ia
iieiaeaiiy, ee?iao, ?aeue?o, aioo??oi? aiaee, iayai?noue ei?enieo
eiiaeei, aaaaonoai oei?e oa oaoie) e 2) nioe?aeueiiai na?aaeiaeua
(niaoeeo?ea ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?, aoi?/ia ioi/aiiy, nioe?aeueia
no?oeoo?a, a?eie, ?aaiethoe??, ?aoi?ie oa ?io?), a oaeiae 3) aeania
aioo??oi?o /eiiee?a (peoi aoi?/iiai aeeooy, ?ioaineai?noue
?ioapnoa’?eoeaieo eiiioi?eaoe?e, “aoi?/iee oaiiapaiaio”, iniaeeaino?
i?ioeano noaiiaeaiiy oa ianooiii? ci?ie aoiiiaioaeueiino? /a?ac
ni?eeoaaiiy, noi?nio ae?yeuei?noue, ina?oo, aeoiaaiiy, cai?ioi?e aieea
ia iaioaeuei?noue iiae e aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e aoiino).
Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaioaeuei?noue iaoiiaeth? aoi?/i? oyaeaiiy i?i cia/aiiy
iaeieo ? a?aenooi?noue eiai o ?ioeo aeaiaio?a, i?aeo?eioth/e, oei naiei,
???a?o?th oi?i noni?eueii? na?aeiiino? uiaei oiia eiie?aoii? aoi?/ii?
oe?e?niino?. Iaioaeuei?noue ocaaaeueith? o “ciyoiio aeaeyae?” iayaiee
aeooiaiee aeina?ae aoiino, ui i?eionea? iaaio ?noi?e/io a?aeiia?aei?noue
oa?aeoa?enoee aeaiaio?a aeooiaii? noa?e niaoeeo?oe? “ieae/eo”, a?eueo
aeeaieeo ??ai?a aoiinioe?aeueii? nenoaie.
Aeiaaaeaii, ui ?aeaieia?y ? iaioaeuei?noue ? ??cieie oi?iaie i?iyao
i?aeoe/ii? na?aeiiino?, ui ciaoiaeyoueny i?ae niaith o ae?aeaeoe/iiio
aca?iia?aeiioaii?. sseui ?aeaieia?th oe?eeii ? iiai?noth iiaeia
a?aeianoe aei “ae?oai? i?e?iaee” ethaenoaa, oi iaioaeuei?noue aenooia?
ao?eaooii aoi?/iiai, oiaoi i?noeoue a nia? aeaiaio? “ia?oi?” ? “ae?oai?
i?e?iaee”.
Iienaii caaaeuei? ?ene oe?a?inueei? aoiiiaioaeueiino?, aei yeeo ne?ae
a?aeianoe o?niee aeooiaiee ca’ycie oe?a?ioe?a c na?aaeiaeuai ?o iaoeaiiy
(aioa?ci), i?eiao ?iaeea?aeoae?cio iaae eieaeoea?ciii (ia?niiae?ci),
aiioe?eiino? ia ?aoe?iiaeuei?noth (ei?aeioeaio?eci), iaaiee nioe?aeueiee
oaoae?ci, aia?aaeaioi?noue aioo??oiueiai na?oo, aaae?oa?eci, iaoiiaeaiee
niaoeeo?eith iao??iii?aeueieo a?aeiinei, o?aaeeoe?yie iie?oe/iiai
naii?aaoethaaiiy, ?ae?a?eiiai aeeooy oiui. Aeacaii ia ?aa?iiaeueio
niaoeeo?eo i?iyao oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii? iaioaeueiino?.
C?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i iaaio i?aen?ieia?/io iaiaaeai?noue aeei?enoaiiy
aoiiiaioaeueiino? a i?ioean? nioe?aeueiiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy. Ia aeoieo
aaoi?a, iica eiie?aoii-?noi?e/iiai eiioaenoo aoiiiaioaeuei?noue ia iiaea
?icaeyaeaoeny o aen?ieia?/iiio aei??? (ioe?ithaaoeny ye “aeniea” /e
“iecueea”, “aa?ia” /e “iiaaia”). Oiio “i?aoethaaoe” ia ia?niaeoeao
iaioae?oao ii/eia? ca oiia, eiee eiai ci?no ioi?ieth?oueny ?aeaieia??th
a nenoaio aoi?/ieo i?ei?eoao?a ? ii?i.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoaoia iieyaa? a oiio, ui aiie
iiaeooue aooe ei?enieie i?e ??oaii? eiie?aoieo oai?aoe/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo
i?iaeai, ui iia’ycai? c i?ioeanii ?aoi?ioaaiiy no/aniiai oe?a?inueeiai
noni?euenoaa. Aeaye? iieiaeaiiy, aeniiaee oa i?iiiceoe?? aeena?oaoe??
iathoue aaciina?aaei? a?aeiioaiiy aei i?ioeano ?ic?iaee
caaaeueiiaea?aeaaii? ?aeaieia?? iaoe?iiaeueii? o?ainoi?iaoe??, a oaeiae
– aei noai?aiiy eiioeaiooaeueieo canaae iie?oeee aea?aeaae ii
a?aeiioaiith aei ??cieo aoiin?a Oe?a?ie.
E??i oiai, ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe iiaeooue noaoe iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith
aeey ?ic?iaee aoiiineoieia?/ieo ? nioe?ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
i?ioean?a aeooiaiiai aeeooy aoiin?a, ? c oe??th iaoith aooe
aeei?enoaieie o?einioaie, nioe?ieiaaie, iie?oieiaaie, eoeueoo?ieiaaie,
?noi?eeaie, oao?aoeyie a aoeoc? oi?aae?iiy. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe??
iiaeooue aooe caae?yi? i?e i?aeaioiaoe? oa /eoaii? aoc?anueeeo eo?n?a c
o?einio??, nioe?aeueii? o?einio??, nioe?ieia??, iie?oieia??, i?e
?ic?iaoe? aea?aeaaieo ? a?aeii/eo eoeueoo?ii-aeoiaieo i?ia?ai, ieai?a
ii?iaoeaieo ? niaoe?aeueieo ina?oi?o eo?n?a aeey nooaeaio?a aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a, i?aeaioiaoe? iaa?no??a ? ani??aio?a, o ?iaio?
iaoiaeieia?/ieo nai?ia??a i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo oiui.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy iaaiai?thaaeiny ia
eaoaae?? o?einio?? Caii??cueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Iniiaii eiai
?acoeueoaoe aeeeaaeaii o iiiia?ao?yo “Aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue: aeina?ae
nioe?aeueii-o?einionueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy”, “Oai??y iaioaeueiino?:
a/aiiy i?i aeaoa?i?iaioe ieneaii?aeo aaoiiaoeci?a”, o ?icae?e?
eieaeoeaii? iiii?ao?? ?inoeoooo o?einio?? IAIO “Oaiiiai iaoe??: iniiae
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?”, a oaeiae:
* ia noi?iieao iaoeiai-ia?iiaee/ieo aeaeaiue: “Eoeueoo?ieiai/iee ainiee:
Iaoeiai-oai?aoe/iee ui?i/iee Ieaeiuei? Iaaeaeiii?yiueie” (Caii?iaeaey),
“Iiaa ia?aaeeaia” (Caii?iaeaey), “Eiinoaioe” (Oa?nii), “Nioe?aeuei?
oaoiieia??” (Ee?a-Caii??aeaey-Iaeana), o iaoeiaeo noaooyo ? ioae?eaoe?yo
caaaeueiei ianyaii 32 ae.a.;
* o iaoa??aeao nenoaiieo aeineiaeaeaiue Iiiinoa?noaa inaioe Oe?a?ie, o
cai?ieeao iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ieo oa iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo i?aoeue Iinoeoooo
oieinioi? IAI Oe?a?ie, Caii??cueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo,
Caii??cueei? aea?aeaaii? ?iaeaia?ii? aeaaeai??, Caii??cueeiai ?inoeoooo
ioi?oeeiaeueiiai oa aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy, Caii??cueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo;
* ia I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooiaia
ae?yeuei?noue oa ?? niaoeeo?ea” – Caii??aeaey, 1993; ?aa?iiaeuei?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Nioe?ieoeueoo?i? aniaeoe noaiiaeaiiy
aea?aeaaiino? a Oe?a?i? (niaoeeo?ea no?aeiiai ? i?aaeaiii-no?aeiiai
?aa?ii?a) – Caii??aeaey, 1993; Caaaeueiioe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Iaioaeioao oa i?ioe?i//y no/aniiai oe?a?inueeiai
noniieuenoaa: iieioieiai/ii, nioeiieiai/ii, eoeueoo?ieiai/ii aniaeoe” –
Caii??aeaey, 1994; I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“Caii?icueea eicaoeoai a iai’yoeao inoi?i? oa eoeueoo?e” – Caii??aeaey,
1997; iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo aeeeaaea/?a oa ani??aio?a Caii??cueeiai
aea?aeoi?aa?neoaoo – Caii??aeaey, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 a.
Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i? ?ic?iaee aaoi?a aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e iiaeaioiaoe?
eaeoe?e c cacia/aii? oaiaoeee a Caii??cueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?.
No?oeoo?a i ianya ?iaioe. No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iaoiiaeaia
iaoith oa aieiaieie caaaeaiiyie aeineiaeaeaiiy. Aeena?oaoeiy
neeaaea?oueny c anooio, i’yoe ?icaeieia, iiae?eaieo ia i?ae?icae?ee,
nieneo e?oa?aoo?e oa aeiaeaoeia. Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 386
noi?iiie, nienie e?oa?aoo?e (368 iaeiaioaaiue) caeia? 26 noi??iie.
INIIAIEE CIINO AeENA?OAOeI?
O “Anooii” iinoeoueny iaa?oiooaaiiy aeooaeueiinoi oaie, aecia/a?oueny
nooiiiue ?? iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee, oi?ioeththoueny iaoa i caaaeaiiy,
?ice?eaathoueny iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai oai?aoe/ia oa
i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy.
O ia?oiio ?icaeiei “IAOIAeIEIA?*I? INIIAE AeINE?AeAEAIIss IAIOAEUeIIAI
OAIIIAIO” iaaeaiee iaeyae ?nioth/eo a ?noi??? o?einionueei? aeoiee
i?aeoiae?a aei iaioaeueii? i?iaeaiaoeee, c’yniaai? iniiai? iiiyooy
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oa iaoiaeieia?/i? caniae, ui
caeo/athoueny aaoi?ii. O ia?oiio i?ae?icae?e? – “?noi?e/i? aoaie
noaiiaeaiiy eaoaai??? iaioaeuei?noue” – eiinoaoo?oueny ??ciiiai?oi?noue
aaeeaaiiy n?iii?i?/ieo oa?i?i?a “iaioaeuei?noue” oa “iaioae?oao”, ui
iaoiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue ?noi?e/iiai aiae?co aaiethoe?? oe???
eaoaai???. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, iiaeia aeae?eeoe o?e oiiaieo ia??iaee
o i?ioean? noaiiaeaiiy iiiyooy iaioaeuei?noue c aio/eeie o?iiieia?/ieie
iaaeaie, ni?a?nioth/eo oa aca?iiae?th/eo iaeei c iaeiei.
Ia?oee ia??iae oa?aeoa?eco?oueny eaoaioiei ?icaeoeii iiiyooy, eiee nai
oa?i?i “iaioaeuei?noue” ia o?ao?o? a o?einionueeeo i?aoeyo, i?enay/aieo
iiooeai niaoeeo?/ieo noee?a na?oini?eeiyooy ??ciiiai?oieo ethaenueeeo
ni?eueiio. Naia o?einio?y ?icii/eia? aa?enoe/ia canai?iiy ?ai?oa
iaa?aeiii? noa?e ae?eniino?. C oe??th iaoith o?einioe aeei?enoiaothoue
oae? iiiyooy ye “ineo?ea ia?iaeo”, “aeoo ia?iaeo”, “aoi?/ia
na?aeii?noue” oiui.
Ae?oaee ia??iae iia’ycaiee c iiyaith “iiai? ?noi?e/ii? iaoee”,
?ai?acaioiaaii? o?aioeocueeith ?noi?e/iith oeieith “Aiiae?a”, yea
oe?eeii neooii aeoeaiooaaea oaaao iaoeiaoe?a ia iaiiaeeeaino? aea/aiiy
“?noi??? aac ethaeeie”. Iaioaeuei?noue a oeueiio aeiaaeeo ? nai???aeiei
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iei ao??ii, o yeiio ?niothoue an? /eaie noni?euenoaa ?
yeee iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe i?e a?aeoai?aii? aioo??oiueiai na?oo
ethaeeie ieioei? aiioe. Iaiao?aeiith iiia?aaeiueith oiiaith “iiaiai
?noi?e/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy” noa? “caio?aiiy” a/aiiai o iaioaeuei?noue
o??? aiioe, yeo a?i iaiaaa?oueny aea/aoe, oeoia/aiiy niene?a ? neiaie?a
iai’yoiee?a ieioeiai, ui aiae?cothoueny. Ia?ao?ae a?ae “?iciia?aeath/i?”
aei “?ioa?i?aooth/i?” ?noi??? i?aaenoaaieee oeiee “Aiae?a” ii??aiththoue
c “eiia?i?eainueeith ?aaiethoe??th” o o?einio?? ?noi???.
Ii/aoie aaeeaaiiy a ?noi?e/iiio eaen?eii? iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue”
o?aaeeoe?eii iia’yco?oueny c ?iaiaie Ia?ea Aeiea ? Ethnue?ia Oaa?a, ye?
noaee caniiaieeaie iaoeiaiai aeo?iaeo “Aiiaee aeiiii?/ii? ? nioe?aeuei??
?noi???” (1929 ?.). ?acii c oei, o aeena?oaoe?? aenoaa?oueny oa
iaa?oioiao?oueny oaca i?i oa, ui aeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy oa?i?io
“iaioaeuei?noue” cono??/a?oueny aeaui ?ai?oa, a naia – o i?aoeyo
E.Eaa?-A?they (Les fonctions mentales dans les societes inferieures,
1910, La mentalite primitive, 1922), O.Aeiiaeaey, A.Aaeeiia oa ?i.
O?ao?e ia??iae noaiiaeaiiy eaoaai??? iaioaeuei?noue iia’ycaiee c
aaeaioaoe??th inoaiiuei? eiie?aoieie aeenoeeie?iaie
nioe?aeueii-aoiai?oa?iiai i?io?eth, ye? aei?aoeueiaothoue aeania aa/aiiy
oeueiai iiiyooy. sseui ?ai?oa iaioaeuei?noue oe?eaaeea eeoa ?noi?ee?a,
oi i?ney ?iciaaeo N?N? oeae oa?i?i io?eiaa yne?aai ae?aaeaia
iaoe?iiaeueii-aoi?/ia caaa?aeaiiy. O?ainoi?iaoe?y iiiyooy iaioae?oao c
?noi?e/ii? a aoiieia?/io eaoaai??th ia aoea iaeii/aniith. Iinooiiai o
aeao?i?oe?yo iaioaeueiino? ana /ano?oa noaee c’yaeyoeny “iaoe?iiaeuei?”
aniaeoe: ia?ae?eiaothoueny iciaee aoiin?a ? iaoe?e, ?iaeyoueny iineeaiiy
ia oa?aeoa?enoeee “?noi?e/ieo ni?eueiio ethaenoaa”, i?yi? ioioiaeiaiiy
iaioaeueiino? c aoi?/iith na?aeii?noth, c ?aeaieia??th iaoe?iiaeueii?
o?ainoi?iaoe?? (i?aoe? A.O?aiiai?, ?.Aii/a?aiea, I.A?ei?, A.Iineaeueoea,
?.Noa?iaieoa). Oa?i?iii “iaioaeuei?noue” i?iaeiaaeo? ei?enooaaoeny “iiaa
?noi?e/ia iaoea”, aea a?i ni?eya iiya? i?ea?iaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue o
aaeoc? nioe?ieia??, iie?oieia??, ineoieia??, o?einionueei? aio?iiieia??.
Ieia? /an, eiee aeine?aeieee aiyeeny iioo?aoaaoe “aa?enoe/io ooieoe?th”
iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue”, ? ia no/aniiio aoai? aiie ana /ano?oa
caieoothoue: ui ? iaioaeuei?noue? ssea ?? nooi?noue? ssea ?aaeuei?noue
noi?oue ca oeei iiiyooyi? sse? ooieoe?? aeeiio? yaeua, ui iicia/a?oueny
neiaii “iaioaeuei?noue”?
O oeeo oiiaao c’yaey?oueny iaiao?aei?noue o?einionueei? ?aoeaen??,
aii?yaeeoaaiiy oa eeaneo?eaoe?? ?nioth/eo eiioeaioe?e. ?iaeoa eaaeo/e,
ie ia?ii iaiia ae “ae?oaa caia?a/aiiy”, oiaoi nai???aeia iiaa?iaiiy a
eiii o?einio?? ?ai?oa a?aeoi?aiooi? eaoaai???, yea caaaaoeeany
?noi?e/iei ci?noii oa iaea?aeaea iiaa cia/aiiy.
O ae?oaiio i?ae?icae?e? ia?oiai ?icae?eo – “Eeaneo?eaoe?y aeao?i?oe?e
iaioae?oaoo” ?iaeoueny ni?iaa aii?yaeeoaaoe ? nenoaiaoecoaaoe /enaeuei?
aecia/aiiy iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue”. Aeeiioth/e oea caaaeaiiy,
aeena?oaio caa?oa?oueny aei aeina?aeo aia?eeainueeeo aeine?aeiee?a
A.E?aaa?a ? E.Eeaeoiia, ye? c?a?aee oa ca?oioaaee aeao?i?oe?? iiiyooy
“eoeueoo?a”. Ca aiaeia??th c inoaii?i, aecia/aiiy iaioaeueiino? iiaeeeai
?iciiae?eeoe ia i’youe a?oi.
Aei ia?oi? a?oie a?aeiinyoueny oae caai? “iienia? aecia/aiiy”. C?aceii
?o iiaeooue noaoe ianooii? aeao?i?oe??: iaioaeuei?noue ? “noeoii?noue
oyaeaiue, cania?a iiaaae?iee ? ?aaeoe?e, ui, nei??o ca ana, ?
iana?aeiieie oa iaa?ae?aoeaeoiaaieie”, “noeoii?noue iiaaae?iee,
ieneaiiy, noaeaeaiiy i?i ui-iaaoaeue, ii?aeuei? ianoaiiae, neeaae
ieneaiiy”.
Ae?oaa a?oia aecia/aiue ia? a?eueo ineoieia?/io ni?yiiaai?noue. ?nioth/?
ineoieia?/i? aeao?i?oe??, a naith /a?ao, aeioe?eueii iiae?eeoe ia aea?
i?aea?oie, ia?oa c yeeo cina?aaeaeo? oaaao ia iana?aeiieo, a ae?oaa,
iaaiaee, ia ?icoiiaeo aniaeoao.
O?aoy – ii?iaoeaia – a?oia aeao?i?oe?e neeaaea?oueny c aecia/aiue, a
yeeo iaioaeuei?noue oeoia/eoueny ye “ii?ia ?aaeoe??”, ui i?eoaiaiia
nioe?aeuei?e aai aoi?/i?e a?oi?. Caniiaieeii oe??? a?oie iiaeii aaaaeaoe
A.Aeae.Oieia?, yeee a nai?e i?aoe? “Aea/aiiy ?noi???” aecia/ea
iaioaeuei?noue ye “iiiyooy, ui aeeth/a? nenoaio cae/ie na?aeiiino?”.
Aaiaoe/i? aecia/aiiy (/aoaa?oa a?oia) a?aeooiaoothoueny a?ae
iioiaeaeaiiy naiiai yaeua, iai?eeeaae, “iaioae?oao – oea ?iaeiaa
iai’youe, eio?a a?oioo?oueny ia neioac? i?e?iaeii? ? nioe?aeueii?
i?ia?ai oniaaeeoaaiiy”.
I’yoa a?oia aeao?i?oe?e cina?aaeaeo?oueny ia ?noi?e/iiio aniaeo?
i?iaeaie, ui aecia/athoue iaioaeuei?noue ye “inaaeie ?noi???”.
“Iaioaeuei?noue – oea nai???aeia iai’youe ia?iaeo i?i ieioea,
ineoieia?/ia aeaoa?i?iaioa iiaaae?iee i?eueeii?a ethaeae, ui a??i?
nai?io ?noi?e/ii onoaeaiiio “eiaeo” ca aoaeue-yeeo ianoaaei, ia
aeeeth/ath/e eaoano?io?/i?”. Ia aeoieo ?.A.Aeoaiaa, a ocaaaeueiaiiio
aeae? iaioaeuei?noue iiaea aooe aecia/aia ye iaaia oa?aeoa?ia aeey
eiie?aoii? eoeueoo?e (noaeoeueoo?e) niaoeeo?ea ineoe/iiai aeeooy
ethaeae, ui ?ai?acaioothoue iaaio eoeueoo?o (noaeoeueoo?o), yea
aeaoa?i?iiaaia aeiiii?/ieie ? iie?oe/ieie oiiaaie aeeooy a ?noi?e/iiio
aniaeo?. Aei aecia/aiue oe??? a?oie a?aeiineoueny e aeao?i?oe?y, ui aoea
cai?iiiiiaaia A.A.Aoyoaiei: “iaioaeuei?noue – ia?aaeeaia ni?aaoooy”.
Eiaeia c oeeo aeao?i?oe?e cina?aaeaeo?oueny ia ie?aiiio c??c? i?iaeaie,
aea an? aiie ia no?eueee noia?a/aoue, ne?eueee aeiiiaiththoue iaeia
iaeio, neeaaeath/e ?acii oie iaoa?i, yeee aeineoue iiaii oa?aeoa?eco?
iaioaeueiee oaiiiai. ?acii c oei, iaoeiaoe? ia aaaaeathoue ca iaoo
ii?aeiaoe ?nioth/? aeao?i?oe??, aeeth/eoe ?o o ae?th/o nenoaio iaoeiaeo
eaoaai??e. Aeeiioth/e oea caaaeaiiy, aeena?oaio caa?oa?oueny aei
ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co iaioaeueiino? c oaeeie eaoaai??yie ye
“na?oini?eeiyooy”, “na?oiaeyae”, “noeeue ieneaiiy”, “oei ieneaiiy” oa
?iaeoue aeniiaie, ui iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue” a?aeaeca?eaeth?
iica?iaeea?aeoaeuei? aniaeoe iniaenoino?.
Iaioaeuei?noue acaaae?, ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, ? niaoeeo?/iee,
i?eoaiaiiee o?eueee aeai?e ethaenuee?e ni?eueiio?, noeeue
na?oini?eeiyooy, ui a?aeaeaa? o ciyoiio aeaeyae? aeiaaee i?ioean
ni?eueiiai ?nioaaiiy ethaeae o iiae?aieo i?e?iaeii-aaia?ao?/ieo oa
nioe?ieoeueoo?ieo oiiaao.
O o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? ia?oiai ?icae?eo “Iaoiaeieia?/i? i?aeoiaee aei
aeine?aeaeaiiy iaioaeueiino?” aaoi? caa?oa? oaaao ia caeaaei?noue
oeoia/aiiy iaioaeueiino? oa oeyo?a ?? aeine?aeaeaiiy a?ae i?ioan?eii?
iaeaaeiino? naiiai aeine?aeieea. Oey caeaaei?noue ii?iaeaeo? /enaeuei?
iaoiaeieia?/i? i?aeoiaee aei aea/aiiy iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaio. Aiae?coth/e
??ciiiai?oi? i?aeoiaee aei aea/aiiy iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaio, aaoi? ae?eoia
aeniiaeo i?i oa, ui a no/ani?e nenoai? aoiai?oa?iiai ciaiiy
neeaaea?oueny no?eeee i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?iee ca’ycie o i?ioean?
aeine?aeaeaiiy iaioaeueiino?, yeee i?aeoe/ii noe?a? iaae? i?ae
ineoieia??th, nioe?ieia??th, aoiieia??th, nai?ioeeith, eoeueoo?ieia??th,
?noi?e/iith iaoeith.
“Aiinaieia?/iee c??c” i?iaeaie, ui ?icaeyaea?oueny, iieyaa? a oiio, ui
ai? aeiaeai ?c caaaeaieo iaoiae?a cie?aia, ai? ?o neioac acaaae?, ia
iiaea iiai?noth caaeiaieueieoe aeine?aeieea. Oea iia’ycaii c oei, ui
iaioaeuei?noue – yaeua iano?eueee aeae?eaoia e oiiea, ui i?inoa
o?enaoe?y oaeo?a na?aeiiino? ? iiaaae?iee c aeeeth/ii ?aoe?iiaeueiei ?o
oeoia/aiiyi ia caaaeaee aea? ae/a?iio a?aeiia?aeue ia an? ieoaiiy.
?aeiino?oeoe?y aeooiaiiai na?oo ethaeae oa ia?iae?a – oea, a iaaiiio
nain?, ienoaoeoai, yea iio?aao? a?aooaaiiy ia eeoa eia?/ieo,
?aoe?iiaeueii-?icoiiaeo iioea?a, ui i?aeaeathoueny aei??thaaiith ?
eaaioeo?eaoe??, aea e ???aoe?iiaeueieo, iana?aeiieo iiaoaeaeaiue, ye?
iio?aaothoue oyaeaiiy, ?ioo?oe??, ineoieia?/iiai i?iieeiaiiy e iaa?oue
oaioac??. A oeueiio ieai? aeine?aeieeo aoaeooue o i?eaiae? aaea ia
no?eueee aii??e/i? iaoiaee ie?aieo iaoe, ne?eueee aeania o?einionuee?
iaoiaee oa i?aeoiaee. Ia aeiaaeeiai i?aaenoaaieee aa?iaiaaoe/ii?
o?aaeeoe?? a?ae Ae?eueoay aei Aaaeaia?a aeoeaiooaaee oaaao ia
iaaeinoaoiino? iiceoea?nonueeeo i?aeoiae?a aei ?icoi?iiy neeaaeieo yaeu
aeooiaiiai aeeooy.
Nai oaiiiai “?icoi?iiy”, yeee i?ioenoi?oue iiceoea?nonueeiio
“iiyniaiith”, i?iieco? niaith an? ca’ycee ethaeeie c? na?oii. Caaaeaiiy
aa?iaiaaoeee a oiio ? iieyaa?, uia caaaeyee aa?iaiaaoe/i?e ?aoeaen??
?ice?eoe oiiae ?noeie, ye?, ca Aaaeaia?ii, ciaoiaeyoueny ia o eia?oe?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, a ia?aaeothoue ?e. O?einionueea inieneaiiy i?iaeaie
?icoi?iiy a naiaioe/i?e aa?iaiaaoeoe? i?aai?/ii i?iaeiaaeo? iaiaaaiiy
?noi?ee?a-aiiae?no?a a?aeoai?eoe iaioae?oao ethaeae ieioeiai oeyoii
?aoaeueiiai aiae?co ?noi?e/ieo aeaea?ae.
Aea ooo ?nio? iaaaciaea aaniethoecaoe?? aa?iaiaaoe/iiai i?aeoiaeo.
Eaeaoueny ia o?eueee i?i a?aeiia “aa?iaiaaoe/ia eiei”, aea e i?i
ia?ainieneaiiy cia/aiiy naiiai aeine?aeieea. Iacaaiee iaoiaeieia?/iee
i?aeo?ae caa?iaeo? noa’?eoea?ciii ? iaaaeaeaaoi?noth a?aeia?aaeaiiy
ae?eniino?. sseui aeine?aeiee aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? ua ia? iiaeeea?noue
ia?aa??eoe aaoaioe/i?noue nai?? ?ioa?i?aoaoe??, caa?ioaoenue aei
iiaoi?iiai niinoa??aaiiy, aei??o aai ?ioiai ai?iaiaaiiai iaoeith
iaoiaeo, oi ?noi?eea, yeee aea/a? iaioae?oao ethaeae ieioeiai,
“aei?aaeoe” aaea i?eiio.
O?einio?y, yea ?aoeaeoo? c i?eaiaeo aa?enoe/ieo iiaeaeae ? eiioeaioe?e,
ye? noai?ththoueny ?noi?eeaie, aoiieiaaie, nioe?ieiaaie,
eoeueoo?ieiaaie, ineoieiaaie, ia?ainieneth? i?ecia/aiiy caae?yieo
eaoaai??e, ooi/ith? nooi?noue ? i?e?iaeo oaiiiai?a, ye? iicia/athoueny
oeeie eaoaai??yie, ni?aa?aeiineoue ?o c ae?eni?noth. O?einionueeee
aiae?c iiaeiai iaaeaoe ioe?ieo a?aeiioaiiy o??? /e ?ioi? noni?eueii?
oai??? aei i?aeoeee, aeyaeoe ?? aeeoo?caeaoi?noue oa aaeaeaaoi?noue.
Oaeei /eiii, aeania o?einionueeee aiae?c ia caia?a/o?, a, iaaiaee,
ia?aaeaa/a? iayai?noue iaaiiai i?ioe??//y a cacia/aieo iaoiaeieia?/ieo
i?aeoiaeao ? ianooiiiai ?o ae?aeaeoe/iiai “ciyooy”. C iaeiiai aieo, ie
ia?ii eiiieaen eiie?aoieo iaoe i?i ethaeeio ? noni?euenoai, yeee
aeeth/a? aoaeoeaiee ?ino?oiaioa??e aiae?co iaioaeueieo i?ioean?a ?
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a (nai?ioe/iee,
ineoieia?/iee, a?oaa?i?enonueeee, aoieia?/iee, nioe?ieia?/iee,
no?oeoo?ae?nonueeee iaoiaee). C ?ioiai aieo, niaoeeo?ea iaioae?oaoo ia
iiaea aooe anaa?/ii iienaia eeoa ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiae?a ie?aieo iaoe.
*?oei noi?ioeueiaai? eia?/i? oai??? i?eaaaeththoue nai?th no?oeoo?iith
aecia/ai?noth, aea ia i?aeoeoe? aiie /anoi aeyaeythoueny ni?iuaieie ?
iaoai?noe/ieie. E?ea?aeoaaoe oeae iaaeie?e iiaeii? aeania o?einionuee?
i?aeoiaee (aen?ieia?/iee, aa?iaiaaoe/iee, oaiiiaiieia?/iee).
Ia’?aeioth/ath iniiaith, nai???aeiei “caaaeueiei ciaiaiieeii” aeey
cacia/aieo iaoiaeieia?/ieo i?aeoiae?a iiaeiia noaoe ae?aeaeoeea.
Aieiaiee iaoiaeieia?/iee i?eioeei aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
i?eioeei ae?yeuei?nii? iniiae, a a?aeiia?aeiino? c yeei an? i?iyae
ethaenueeiai aoooy ne?ae ?icaeyaeaoe ye i?iaeoeoe eiai
aeeooaae?yeueiino?.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e ?iaioe i?enay/aiee aiae?co “IAIOAEUeIINO? ssE AO?EAOOO
AOI?*IIAI OAIIIAIO”. sseui a ia?oiio ?icae?e? iaioaeueiee oaiiiai
?icaeyaeaany ye iaaia oe?e?ni?noue, ye ?aei?noue ia i?aeoeoe?
??ciiiai?oieo oi?i eiai ?nioaaiiy, oi o ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aaoi?
caa?oa?oueny aei aiae?co aaciina?aaeiuei aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?. Ia?oee
i?ae?icae?e “?iaei-aeaeia? a?aei?iiino? iaioaeueiino?” – oea iaeyae
ie?aieo ??ciiaeae?a ?iaeiaiai iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue”.
C iaoith ?o aeie?aieaiiy aaoi? caa?oa?oueny aei noa?iiai aiae?co
noni?eueiiai aoooy, ca?aeii c yeei on? oi?ie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
noni?euenoaa ne?ae i?ae?icae?eyoe ia /ioe?e oiiaieo noa?e: aeiiii?/io,
nioe?aeueio, iie?oe/io oa aeooiaio. Aeey eiaeii? c iacaaieo noa?
oa?aeoa?i? aeani? eieaeoeai? ooai?aiiy, nai? ethaenuee? ni?eueiioe.
Ioaea, yeui ie aecia?ii ?nioaaiiy iniaeeaeo aeiiii?/ieo, nioe?aeueieo,
iie?oe/ieo oa aeooiaieo ooai?aiue, oi ie iiaeii? aeciaoe ? iayai?noue
iniaeeainoae noeeth na?oini?eeiyooy, oiaoi niaoeeo?/ii? iaioaeueiino? o
i?aaenoaaiee?a oeo /e ?ioeo ni?eueiio.
Oae c’yaeythoueny aeaeia? a?aei?iiino? iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaio: iiaooiaa,
i?ioan?eia (eeaniaa), iie?oe/ia, na?oiaeyaeia iaioaeueiino?. Oaea
eeaneo?eaoe?y a?aeiia?aea? no/aniei oyaeaiiyi i?i noai iaioaeueiiai
oaiiiaio. Oae, iai?eeeaae, ?.A.Ae/ei a nai?o ?iaioao niaoe?aeueii
i?aee?aneth?, ui a?i ?icaeyaea? “i?iyae na?oiaeyaeiiai, a ia iiaooiaiai
iaioae?oaoa”, ? iia’yco? ?o c o?einionueeeie, ?ae?a?eieie,
e?oa?aoo?ii-ooaeiaei?ie oa ?ioeie aniaeoaie. Oaea iiyniaiiy aaaeeeaa,
ine?eueee na?oiaeyaeia iaioaeuei?noue ia/aaoi ?ioaa?o? a nia? oaioe/iee
iio?e ineo?/ieo ia?ac?a ? oyaeaiue, ui i?eoaiaii? ia ie?aiei
?iaeea?aeai, a naia aeooiaiei ni?eueiioai o i?ioean? noai?aiiy aeanii?
“ea?oeie na?oo” – na?oiaeyaeo. Iaioaeuei?noue aea a oeueiio ieai?
aenooia? a yeino? eiioaenoa, aeeneo?na, a yeiio ciaoiaeeoue nai?
niaoeeo?/ia ao?eaiiy oi?eaeueiee can?a aa/aiiy ethaeeiith ci?noo
ioi/oth/i? ?aaeueiino?.
Aeoiaey/e c ia’?eoo aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, aaoi? cina?aaeaeo?
oaaao eeoa ia aoi?/i?e iaioaeueiino?, yea ? iaa?ae’?iiei ao?eaooii
aoi?/iiai oaiiiaio. C oe??th iaoith o ae?oaiio i?ae?icae?e? – “Nooi?noue
oa ci?no aoi?/iiai” c’yniao?oueny niaoeeo?ea oe??? noa?e ethaenueeiai
aeeooy oa cia/aiiy aeey ia? iaioaeueiino?.
Aoi?/iee oaiiiai – yaeua aeinoaoiuei oe?iea ? aaaaoiaei??ia, aea
iaa?ae?eaii iia’ycaia c iiiyooyi aoiino. Aeoiaey/e c oiai, ui i?e?iaeia
iniiaa, aeeooy ? ia eeoa oii, ia yeiio ?icai?oa?oueny nioe?aeueia
?noi??y ethaenoaa, ia ia?aaeoiiaa, ciai?oi?e ae?oai?yaeiee aniaeo aoooy
ethaeeie, a ?iaiaioiee ? i?oeiee oaeoi? oeueiai aoooy, aeena?oaio
cacia/a?, ui aoi?/iee oaiiiai ye ?ac ? iaeaaeeoue aei ia?ao?aeiiai,
aeoaeueiiai ca i?e?iaeith, a?inioe?aeueiiai ??aiy.
Aoi?/ia, ia aeoieo aaoi?a, ? nioe?aeueii-o?einionueea eaoaai??y, ui
oa?aeoa?eco? ca’ycee ? a?aeiioaiiy ana?aaeei? ? i?ae ethaenueeeie
ni?eueiioaie, ye? aeieeee ? ooieoe?iiothoue ia i?aenoaa? ?aeiino?
ineo?ee ? iiaaae?iee, eio?? oi?iothoueny a ?acoeueoao?
aeeooaae?yeueiino? ni?eueiioe o caaaeueieo aaia?ao?/ieo ?
nioe?aeueii-?noi?e/ieo oiiaao ? ia?aaeathoueny o niaaeie a?ae iaeiiai
iieie?iiy aei ?ioiai. O oeueiio aecia/aii? i?aee?aneth?oueny iiaea?eia
i?e?iaea aoi?/iiai oaiiiaio. Aoi?/ia ia caiaeeoueny aei nioe?aeueiiai, a
aoi?/ia ?noi??y ia iiaei?ith? ?noi??th nioe?aeueio, aiia aeiiiaith? iao?
ciaiiy i?i caaaeueii-?noi?e/i? i?ioeane. E.I.Aoi?eueia aoa ia?oee, ooi
aeia?a, ui oe? aea? ?noi??? ia a?aeie?aieai? iaeia a?ae iaeii?, a
niieo/athoueny, aca?iiia?ao?eathoue iaeia a iaeio. Neioac a iiiyoo?
“aoi?/ia” noa’?eoeaieo ? ia’?eoeaieo oa?aeoa?enoee aeicaiey? c?iaeoe
aeniiaie i?i iayai?noue aaeeieo oi?aa?naeueieo iaoai?ci?a
naiii?aai?caoe?? a iaaeao a?ieia?/ieo ? nioe?aeueieo ooai?aiue.
Oa?aeoa?iith ?enith aoi?/iiai ? aeeaieee ineoieia?ci, ine?eueee naia o
ineoeoe? neioacothoueny a?ieia?/i? ? nioe?aeuei? iniiae. Iiaeeeai
i?iaanoe eia?/io ia?aeaeue i?ae ineo?/iei aeeooyi ie?aii? ethaeeie (ia
?iaeeaeaeoaeueiiio ??ai?) oa aoi?/iei aeeooyi (ia eieaeoeaiiio ??ai?).
Ee?oeiii-aaiaoe/i?e ??aaiue aoi?/iiai oaiiiaio iaoiiaeth? ia eeoa nooi
aiaoii?/i? iniaeeaino? aoiioi?o (?ania? a?aei?iiino?), aea e, ui a?eueo
aaaeeeai, iniaeeaino? eiai ineo?/iiai na?oo. ?iaeoa eaaeo/e, aoi?/ia
iaeaaei?noue aeaoa?i?io? aa/aiiy ethaeeiith na?oo, ui iaaiaeeoue ia
aeoieo i?i aaiaoe/ia cae??ieaiiy ie?aieo, iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieo ?
ai?iaiaaieo /anii noa?aioei?a ieneaiiy oa iiaaae?iee e ia?aaea/o ?o o
niaaeie a?ae aaia?aoe?? aei aaia?aoe??.
Oaeei /eiii, aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue ? i?aai?/iith aeanoea?noth aoi?/iiai
oaiiiaio. sse oe?eeii neooii cacia/a? I.A.Iaeueaa, “aoiine
a?ae??ciythoueny ia ye aeey-naaa-?-a-nia?-nou? aecia/aiino?, a,
ia?aaeon?i oae? ethaenuee? oa?oiiiaaiiy, ui ii-??ciiio oa?a?aee a naaa
aeoo ioi/oth/iai ?o ??ciiai-oaee ?noaa, oiaoi o?ea i?e?iaee. Oeae Aeoo
“aena?/o?” a aoiin? e??cue eiai iaioae?oao”.
A o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? ae?oaiai ?icae?eo ?icaeyaeathoueny “Iniaeeaino?
i?iyao aoiiiaioaeueiino?”. sseui aoi?/iee oaiiiai cia/ii a?ae??ciy?oueny
a?ae nioe?aeueii? noa?e, ? an? i?aenoaae noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui aoi?/ia
iaioaeuei?noue oaeiae a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae ?ioeo ??ciiaeae?a i?iyao
iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaia. A /iio ae iieyaathoue oe? a?aei?iiino??
Ii-ia?oa, iaenooo?a?oa a?aei?ii?noue aoiiiaio?eueiino? a?ae ?ioeo aeae?a
iaioaeueiinoae – iiaooiai?, i?ioan?eii?, iie?oe/ii?, na?oiaeyaeii? oa
?io., iieyaa? o aeoae?ci? naii? ?? i?e?iaee. sse iaa?ae’?iiee ao?eaoo
aoi?/iiai oaiiiaia, aoiiiaioaeuei?noue oaeiae ia? iiaea?eio i?e?iaeo ?
i?noeoue a nia? ye i?e?iaeii-a?ieia?/i?, oae ? nioe?aeuei? iniiae. Oeae
iiiaio iaoiiaeth? no?ee?noue ? eiina?aaoeai?noue ia eeoa
aoiiiaioaeueiino?, aea e an??? aoi?/ii? ni?eueiioe.
Ii-ae?oaa, oaea oeoia/aiiy aoiiiaioaeueiino? iaaeeaeo? eiai aei oaeeo
ineo?/ieo yaeu ye aoi?/i? a?oaoeie, iann?iia?i?noue, eiiie?iaioa?i?noue,
i?aena?aeiia, eieaeoeaia iana?aeiia, aoi?/ia i?oieia?y oiui, ui
ia?aaeaa/a? ?nioaaiiy iacaaieo yaeu o no?oeoo?? aoiiiaioaeueiino?.
Nioe?aeueia oa ?io? aeaee iaioaeueiino? o oeueiio a?aeiioaii?
“i?ino?o?”, ?o no?oeoo?a ae/a?io?oueny aa?oi?ie iiaa?oaie a?eueo
aeeaeiii? oa aeeoo?ai? no?oeoo?e aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?.
Ii-o?ao?, eiaeiee c aeae?a iaioaeueiino? ia? nai? aeani? “oaeoi?e
aieeao”, ui iaoiiaeththoue ?o ci?no. E??i nioe?aeueieo oaeoi??a, oae /e
?iaeoa iia’ycaieo c i?ioeanii ae?iaieoeoaa, aoi?/io iaioaeuei?noue
aeaoa?i?iothoue ua e i?e?iaei? oaeoi?e. I?/iai iiae?aiiai ie ia
niinoa??aa?ii o i?iyaao ?ioeo, iniaeeai iie?oe/ieo ? na?oiaeyaeieo
??ciiaeae?a iaioaeueiino?, ye? oi/ ? o?nii iia’ycai? c
aoiiiaioaeuei?noth, aea ia iathoue niaaeei?iiiai cae??ieaiiy naiai
ci?noo.
Ia?aoo?, ii-/aoaa?oa, a?aei?iiino? i?iyaeythoueny o oiio, ui
aoiiiaioaeuei?noue ia/aaoi aioo??oiuei i?enooiy a ?ioeo aeaeao
iaioaeueiinoae iiae?aii oiio, ye aeiiii?/i?, nioe?aeuei?, iie?oe/i? ?
aeooiai? oa?oioaaiiy neeaaeathoueny c i?aaenoaaiee?a oeo /e ?ioeo
aoiin?a. Eiaeia c aeae?a iaioaeueiinoae ia? nai?i i?aea?oiooyi
aoiiiaioaeuei?noue.
Ia?oee i?ae?icae?e o?aoueiai ?icae?eo – “AAIACA AOI?*II? IAIOAEUeIINO?”
– ia? iacao “I?e?iaea aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?”. Ci?no eieaeoeaii?
ineo?ee, oi/ ? i?iyaey?ony /a?ac ?iaeeaeaeoaeueiee ??aaiue, aea ia
caiaeeoueny aei i?inoi? noie ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ineo?e. Aaaeeeaei
aeniiaeii, yeee c?iaeee nioe?aeuei? ineoieiae, ? oaca i?i oa, ui ia
eieaeoeaiiio ??ai? ia?iaeaeo?oueny i?eioeeiiai ?ioee, aeiei??iii
a?aei?iiee aeae ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai caniao i?aai?caoe?? ineo?/iiai
aeeooy. Eiee eaeaoueny i?i aoiiiaioaeuei?noue, ne?ae a?aoiaoaaoe, ui,
ii-ia?oa, i?io?ea? cae/aeiee i?ioean a?aeia?aaeaiiy ae?eniino?, a
ii-ae?oaa, aeooae?co?oueny iiaeeea?noue ineo?ee aei a?aeoai?aiiy
ia?ac?a, oyaeaiue, aiioe?e, ?ethc?e, aaciina?aaeiuei ia iaaeaieo o
iayaiiio aooo?, a oaeeo, ui ?nioaaee a ieioeiio. Oea a?aeoai?aiiy /anoi
i?io?ea? a “iaa?ae?aoeaeoiaaiiio ? iaa?oeeoeueiaaiiio ae?ac?”, aiii
aaco?oueny ia niaoeeo?oe? aia?ai-?ioi?iaoe?eii? aeoeaiino? aoi?/ii?
ni?eueiioe. sseui i?aaeiao ae?? ia ?ioee i?aaeiao eaocaeueii, oiaoi
aeieea? iaaiee i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaee ca’ycie, oi iane?aeie caeaaeeoue ia
o?eueee a?ae i?aaeiaoa-i?e/eie, aea e a?ae i?aaeiaoa, ia yeee ni?yiiaaia
ae?y. ?iaeoa eaaeo/e, i?e?iaea inoaiiueiai ? ni?a-oai?oeai, ni?aaaoi?ii
iane?aeeo.
Oaae naia noino?oueny e i?ioeano i?ciaiiy, aoaeue-yeee aeo yeiai ia ?
naiiaeinoaoi?i ? a?ae??aaiei ai? a?ae aeanoeainoae i?ciath/iai noa’?eoa
(aeeth/ath/e ii?oieia?/i?), ai? a?ae ioi/oth/iai eiai na?aaeiaeua. Oiio
o oeueiio aeiaaeeo aaaeei, i?aeoe/ii iaiiaeeeai, aecia/eoe “aaniethoiee
ioeue”, oi/eo, aei yei? i?ciaiiy acaaae? “ia aoei”, a i?ney yei? i?ioean
?icii/aany. Ethaenueea i?ciaiiy ia? neeaaeio ???a?o?/io no?oeoo?o,
eiaeiee ??aaiue yei? aaco?oueny ia iiia?aaeiueiio, a?eueo i?ei?oeaiiio
??ai?. I?e oeueiio ieae/? oa?e i?ciaiiy ia iaiaaeothoueny nioe?aeueieie
iaaeaie, aiie i?e?iaeii aeo?eathoue c aiaeia?/ieo i?ioean?a, i?eoaiaiieo
a?ieia?/i?e oi?i? ?ooo iaoa???. Aeania ethaenueeiio i?ciaiith
ia?aaeothoue i?e?iaeaeai? eiai?oeai? no?oeoo?e, ye? ?aeei? aeey an?o
aeeaeo ?noio. A aeeaiio i?aai?ci? caeeaaeaia ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i ii?oieia?th
iaeaooiueiai o?ea, a ioaea – e i?i eiai iioaioe?eia ioi/aiiy.
Oaeei /eiii, iioneath/enue aei ieae/eo iiaa?o?a o?aineyoe?? ?ioi?iaoe??,
a?aeiieo no/ani?e iaooe?, ie iiaeii? aoaeaii cae?enieoe cai?ioi?
noiaeaeaiiy, aea c a?aooaaiiyi oiai, ui aaciaa i?ia?aia ?icaeoeo
i?aai?cio i?enooiy eiio aei aeoo ia?iaeaeaiiy. Eia?/ii aoaea i?eionoeoe,
ui ie??i niaaeei?iii? iaoiiaeaiino? ii?oieia?/iiai ono?ith i?aai?cio a
aaiao i?noyoueny aeai? i?i iioaioe?eiee noai i?ciaaaeueiiai aia?aoo
oe??? iniae, oiaoi noeoii?noue iiaeeeaeo aeey ia? ?aaeoe?e ia ci?ie
ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua. Oai?oeai aea aaiaoe/ieo i?ia?ai i?aai?cio ?
eiai aeieia?/ia i?oa – noeoii?noue an?o oaeoi??a na?aaeiaeua, a iaaeao
yeiai i?eioeeiiai iiaeeeaa ?nioaaiiy oeueiai a?ieia?/iiai aeaeo.
I?e?iaea, oaeei /eiii, ia? oi?aa?naeueiee iaoai?ci a?aeoai?aiiy
a?ieia?/iiai i?aai?cio /a?ac noeniaiiy io?eiaii? ?i ?ioi?iaoe?? a
i?i?iaeuei? aeai?eoie, ui o?enothoueny o iieaeoe? AeIE ?
aeei?enoiaothoueny o a?aeiia?aeiiio a?ieia?/ii ia??aiiaaaeiiio
na?aaeiaeu?, ?ice?eaath/e i?e oeueiio an? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? iioaioe??
i?aai?cio. Ia oeae ?ioi?iaoe?eiee oa? iinooiiai iaeeaaea?oueny ?ioee,
io?eiaiee i?ci?oa oa? ?ioi?iaoe??, yea yaey? niaith aaea i?eaeeoo?aee
aeina?ae iniae. Ae?aiaciie, a yeeo ?nio? oey inoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?y, ? ? o?
ii?ie ?aaeoe?e, ye? o?ao?othoue a ie?aieo aeao?i?oe?yo aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiino?. O?ainoi?iaoe?y oeeo ii?i iaoiiaeth?oueny i?e?iiooaoe?yie,
ye? oi?eathoueny iaeaeeaeii?oeo aaiieo no?oeoo?. Aeey oiai, uia oaea
“aeaoa?i?iaoe?y oiiaaie” iaea i?noea, iaiao?aei? aai ?o a?aie/ii
neeueiee aieea, aai iaci?iia iino?ei?noue aieeao ia i?ioyc? o?eaaeiai
/ano.
Aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue, ia aeoieo aaoi?a, ye?ac ? aeeiio? ooieoe??
ia?aaeaaaiiy o niaaeie ciaiiy i?i iaeiioeiaeuei?o? aeai?eoie ??oaiiy
iaea?eueo oeiiaeo aeey aeaiiiai aoiino eiai?oeaieo caaaeaiue. Naia
aoiiiaioaeuei?noue caaacia/o? i?aeaioiaeo ethaeeie aei iaeiie/aiiy
i?eaeeoo?aiai aeina?aeo oeyoii aeaniiai i?ciaiiy, i?iiiioth/e eiio aaea
iaeiie/aio i?aaeeaie ? niaaeeiai cae??ieaio ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i ioi/aiiy,
eio?a aeicaiey? “caionoeoe” eiai i?ciaaaeueiee aia?ao.
Aoiiiaioaeuei?noue a?aeaeca?eaeth? oie ??aaiue ineo?/iiai aeeooy
ethaenueeeo eieaeoea?a, yeee “no?aoo?” ?o, aiooth/e a?eueo
aeniei?icaeioo? eiai?oeai? no?oeoo?e – aae aei oi?i oai?aoe/iiai
i?ciaiiy – aeey ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy, iaoiiaethth/e oa, ye aoiioi?
iiaa/eoue oeae na?o.
?acii c oei, aoiiiaioaeuei?noue a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae iiae?aieo ca
iioiaeaeaiiyi ?inoeieo?a oei, ui inoaii? aae i?ye ia oi?eathoueny noa?e
ieneaiiy, oiai naiiai mens, ui neeaaea? i?aea?oioy iaioae?oaoo.
Aacoth/enue ia aacoiiaieo ?aoeaenao ?inoeieoe c naiiai ii/aoeo ia
ona?aeiieththoueny, a oiio ia iiaeooue aooe a?aeianai? ai? aei
na?aeiiino?, ai? aei iana?aeiiiai, ci?no ?o iacaaaeaee canoea ia
aeiethaenueeiio ??ai?. ?inoeieoe caaaeuei? aeey an?o ethaeae, aiie ia
iiaeeyaathoue aoi?/i?e aeeoa?aioe?aoe??. Iaioaeuei? ii?ie nii/aoeo
aei?aoeueiaothoueny o i?ioean? na?aeiii? aaeaioaoe?? ?iaeea?aea aei
ciai?oi?o oiia oa noai?aii? iaeiioeiaeuei?oeo ?icoiiaeo i?eeii?a ?
canaae, ui ?e a?aeiia?aeathoue. Iana?aeii?noue, aaoiiaoeci iaioaeueieo
ii?i aaiaoe/ii aoi?eiiee. A oeueiio ? iieyaa? aieiaia a?aei?ii?noue
aoiiiaioaeueiino? a?ae ?inoeieo?a.
Oaeei /eiii, aoiiiaioaeuei?noue ia? yne?aai ae?aaeaio aeoae?noe/io
i?e?iaeo. C iaeiiai aieo – oea ineo?/i?, ?iiae? i?aena?aeii?,
iana?aeii?, i?e?iaei?, a?ieia?/i?, c ?ioiai – nioe?aeuei?, eoeueoo?i?,
iaoiiaeai? ina?oith ? aeoiaaiiyi, iniiae. A iaioaeueiino? iaeaea?
neeaaeia? ciaoiaeyoueny o ?aeiino? ? oe?e?niino?. Aoiiiaioaeuei?noue
a?ieia?/ieie caniaaie cae??ieth? nioe?aeuei? oaeoi?e, aeeoo?ai aaaeeea?
aeey i?ioeano aaeaioaoe?? ethaeeie ye o i?e?iaeiiio, oae ? o
nioe?aeueiiio ioi/aii?.
sseui aoi?/iee “e?oo” yaey? i?eeeaae aaiethoe?eii? o?ainoi?iaoe??
a?ieia?/iiai oa?oiiaaiiy a nioe?aeuei? ni?eueiioe, oi aoi?/ia
iaioaeuei?noue iiaea noaoe ?ethno?aoe??th cai?ioiueiai i?ioeano –
i?ioeano a?ieia?/iiai cae??ieaiiy nioe?ieoeueoo?iiai aeina?aeo, iica
yeei aoiine aaea aeaaii a ia?aoai?eeeny o cae/aei? nioe?aeuei?
ooai?aiiy. Aea aeey oiai, uia oa /e ?ioa ?aaeoe?y ethaeeie noaea
“iaioaeueiith”, aiia iiaeiia i?ieoe o?eaaeee oeyo a?ae eiai?oeaiiai
i?eeiio, ui aaaaoi?aciai iiaoi?th?oueny, /a?ac eiai eaa?oeiaoe?th, /a?ac
ia?aoai?aiiy eiai a ii?io ?aaeoe??, a noa?aioei, ui aaoiiaoe/ii
ci?aoeueiao?, a cae/eo na?aeiiino?, iaa?oue o i?aena?aeiia – aei
niaaeeiaiai cae??ieaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i “ii?iaeueia” aeey aeaiiiai
aoiino na?oia?aeiioaiiy.
O ae?oaiio i?ae?icae?e? o?aoueiai ?icae?eo ?icaeyaea?oueny “No?oeoo?a
aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?”. Aeoiaey/e c i?e?iaee aoiiiaioaeueiino?,
aeena?oaio oiiaii aeae?ey? o?e ??ai? o ?? no?oeoo??, eiaeiee c yeeo
aeiiiaith? ?ioee, caaaa/oth/e eiai nai?i ci?noii. E?eoa???i aeey
no?oeoo?oaaiiy ia? noaoe iaaia oi?ia ?nioaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??, yea i?noeoue
a nia? iaioaeueiee ci?no. Oaeeo oi?i, a?aeiia?aeii, o?e. Ii-ia?oa, oea
?nioth/? o aeaeyae? iiey ineoiaia?aaoe/i? eieeaaiiy. Ne?ae i?aee?aneeoe,
ui oey oi?ia ia? aeineoue i?ei?oeaiee, a oiio – oi?aa?naeueiee oa?aeoa?
? aeoaea iioe?aia o iaoai?/i?e, o?ce/i?e, o?i?/i?e – oiaoi o iaaeeaeo
oi?iao ?ooo iaoa???. Aea c iiyaith i?aai?/iiai aeeooy aiia ia cieea?
cian?i,: a caeeoa? nai? i?noea a?eueo aoaeoeaiei iin?yi ?ioi?iaoe??, o
yeino? yeeo aenooiathoue ia?ace e iiiyooy.
?iciiae?e ieneaiiy ia ia?acia oa iiiyo?eia ia? i?ae niaith ia’?eoeai?
i?aenoaae, iia’ycai? c ??cieie iniaeeainoyie ooieoe?iioaaiiy e?ai? oa
i?aai? i?aeoe? aieiaiiai iiceo. Ia i?aenoaa? cacia/aieo oi?i ?nioaaiiy
?ioi?iaoe?? ia aaaeei aeae?eeoe o?e ??ai? aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?: 1)
ineoiaia?aaoe/iee (iiea), 2) a?oaoeiiee (ia?ace), 3) eia?/iee (iiiyooy).
Ineoiaia?aaoe/iee ??aaiue o?eno? ia?a?niee, iaeieae/ee ??aaiue
aoiiiaioaeueiino?, a?aeaeca?eaethth/e e?euee?noue o???
ineoi-aiioe?eii-?icoiiai? aia?a??, yeo iaiao?aeii aeo?aoeoe ethaeei?
aeey ae??oaiiy iaaiiai caaaeaiiy. E.A.THia cai?iiiioaaa aeey iicia/aiiy
oeueiai ??aiy ?icoe?eoe ci?no iiiyooy “e?a?aei”, a E.I.Aoi?eueia
aeei?enoiaoaaa niaoe?aeueiee oa?i?i “iann?iia?i?noue”.
Ae?oaee ??aaiue aoiiiaioaeueiino? aaciina?aaeiuei iia’ycaiee c
iana?aeiiei ? aoa neooii aeie?aieaiee E.A.THiaii o eaoaai??th
“a?oaoei”. Iiae?aii oiio, ye ethaenueea o?ei caa??aa? ne?aee naiai
o?eiaaiaoe/iiai ?icaeoeo, caa??aa? ?o ? ineo?ea ethaeeie. sse a?aecia/a?
E.A.THia, ci?no eieaeoeaiiai iana?aeiiiai iaeaaeeoue ia ?iaeeaeaeo, a
iaai?e ni?eueiio?, ia?iaeo aai anueiio ethaenoao. Ci?no eieaeoeaiiai
iana?aeiiiai ia io?eio?oueny ia i?ioyc? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai aeeooy, a ?
“i?e?iaeaeaieie ?inoeieoaie aai ?aeayie”. Aeeoeia aaea ia ii/aoeo aeeooy
ia? i?aai, aioiaee aei ae?? oei aea caniaii, ye ae?yee iiae?ai? i?aaie o
ieioe? noie?ooy. O iiceo caeeaaeai? i?aoi?iiaai? ?inoeieoe, a oaeiae –
ia?a?ni? oeie, aai ia?ace, iniiae, ca?aeii yeeo oi?ioaaeeny aeoiee e
ii/oooy anueiai ethaenoaa, aeeth/ath/e ana aaaaonoai i?oieia?/ieo oai.
O?ao?e – aeuee ??aaiue aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?, ia ia?oee iiaeyae, ia
cian?i a?aeiia?aea? i?e?iae? oaiiiaia, ui aea/a?oueny. *e iiaea
ethaenueea ieneaiiy o oie /e ?io?e oi?i? io?eiaoe cae??ieaiiy o aaiioei?
?, oei naiei, a?aeoai?thaaoeny o ianooiieo aaia?aoe?yo aaea ia o
aeaeyae? aia?aaoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo, ia o iana?aeiieo neiaieao, a
aaciina?aaeiuei o eia?/ieo ai??i?ieo oi?iao? Iaae oeei ieoaiiyi
i??eoaaee ?.Eaio, A.Aaaaeue, O.Aiaaeuen, AE.I?aaea, A.Eann??a?,
E.Othaia? oa ?io?. ?o oaaaa aoea cina?aaeaeaia ia ?icoiiaeo
aaoiiaoeciao, ui i?eoaiaii? ethaenueeiio ieneaiith ?, a ia?oo /a?ao,
eia?/ieo ? iaoaiaoe/ieo aen?ii. I?e?iaeaeaia i/aaeaei?noue iaoaiaoe/ieo
aen?ii ? ia ui ?ioa, ye aaiaoe/ii cae??ieaia ?icoiiaa iia?aoe?y.
Ethaenoai o oiae? naiai iiia?aaeiueiai aeina?aeo, iiaoi?th? aaciaaeio
e?euee?noue ?ac?a iaai? noaiaea?oi? i?ioeaaeo?e, ?aii /e i?cii c
iaiao?aei?noth aeioiaeeoue aei aaoiiaoecio ?o aeeiiaiiy, a ci?no oeeo
i?ioeaaeo? noa? iaioaeueiei noa?aioeiii ? io?eio? cae??ieaiiy o
aaiaoe/iiio eiae?.
Oaeei /eiii, a ?noi??? o?einio?? ie ia?ii iiene an?o o?ueio no?oeoo?ieo
??aiae aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?: E.I.Aoi?eueia aeoeaiooaaa oaaao ia
ineoiaia?aaoe/iiio ??ai? (iann?iia?i?noue), E.A.THia – ia iana?aeiiiio
(a?oaoeie), ?.Eaio oa O.Aiaaeuen – ia i?e?iaeaeaieo (ai??i?ieo) oi?iao
ieneaiiy. Aea an? oe? o?e ??ai? ii?aeiothoueny caaaeueiei iaoai?ciii
?ao?aineyoe?? ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i iaeiioeiaeuei?o? i?eeiie ??oaiiy
noaiaea?oieo caaaeaiue, ui noiyoue ia?aae /eaiaie aoi?/iiai eieaeoeao.
O?ao?e i?ae?icae?e oeueiai ?icae?eo aena?oeth? “Aeaoa?i?iaioe aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiino?”. sse cacia/aeiny aeua, aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue o cia/i?e
i??? iaoyaeaia ???aoe?iiaeueieie, iana?aeiieie aai i?aena?aeiieie
/eiieeaie. Aea ?acii c oei, ?ieiee aoaathoue iiiaioe, eiee iiaeia
?aoe?iiaeueii i?ine?aeeoaaoe ei??iiy aaiace aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?. O
oeueiio aeiaaeeo, iaea?eueo aieeaia? /eiieee, ui aecia/athoue
iioiaeaeaiiy oa iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie iaioaeueieo a?aei?iiinoae noathoue
aeaoa?i?iaioaie iaaeaiiai i?ioeano. Oaeei /eiii, i?ae aeaoa?i?iaioaie
noaiiaeaiiy aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? a aeena?oaoe?? ?icoi?thoueny ia an?
/enaeuei? e ??ciiiai?oi? oiiae ?nioaaiiy aoi?/ii? ni?eueiioe, a eeoa o?
c ieo, ui aenooiathoue o yeino? i?e/ei, ?ooiieo nee i?ioeano
iioiaeaeaiiy iaioaeueiino?, aecia/ath/e ?? ci?no /e ie?ai? eiai ?ene.
Aoaeue-yeee ?c oaeoi??a, ui aeaoa?i?iothoue i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy
aoiiiaioaeueiino?, iiaeia eaaei aaniethoecoaaoe, aiaaeath/e a e?aeiiu?
ineoieia?/iiai, aaia?ao?/iiai, aeaiia?ao?/iiai aeaoa?i?i?cio. Ni?iae
iaeiia?/iiai aeaoa?i?i?cio caaaeaee i?ecaiaeeee aei “ca/a?iaaiiai eiea
aca?iiae??”, ine?eueee eiaeiee ?c oaeoi??a, ui aeae?eythoueny, ia?o i?ae
noaoe i?e/eiith, nai ? iane?aeeii. Oea a iiai?e i??? noino?oueny
/eiiee?a aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?. Iica noii?ao, aieea ia iaioaeuei?noue c
aieo, iai?eeeaae, iaioth/i? ?ae?a??, iiaea e iiaeiai aooe nai aeaaaeaiee
c ?noi?e/ii? neooaoe??, a?aeiinei c non?aeaie, ??aiy ?icaeoeo aoi?/ii?
eoeueoo?e oiui.
O naiiio caaaeueiiio aeaeyae? aeaoa?i?iaioe aoiiiaioaeueiino? iiaeia
caanoe aei aieeao 1) i?e?iaeiiai (aaia?ao?/ia iieiaeaiiy, ee?iao,
?aeue?o, iayai?noue ei?enieo eiiaeei, aaaaonoai oei?e oa oaoie) e 2)
nioe?aeueiiai na?aaeiaeua (niaoeeo?ea ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?,
aoi?/ia ioi/aiiy, nioe?aeueia no?oeoo?a, a?eie, ?aaiethoe??, ?aoi?ie oa
?io?), ye?, a naith /a?ao, i?noyoue a nia?, nai? niaoeeo?/i? iiiaioe. A
aeena?oaoe?? aeaoaeueii ?icaeyaea?oueny aieea eiaeii? c cacia/aieo
aeaoa?i?iaio ia noai aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?.
Aea o?eueee “ciai?oi?ie” aoii?ioaapaioaie /enei aeaoapi?iaio aaiace
iaioae?oaoo ia iaiaaeo?oueny. Aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue naiino?eii
aei?aoeueiao? iaai? no?eee iipie ineo?/ieo paaeoe?e, aeoiaey/e c
aiapai-?ioipiaoe?eieo iniia. Oiio aei aeaoapi?iaio aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiino? aeioe?eueii aeiaeaoe ua e o?aoth a?oio /eiiee?a, o yeo
aoiaeyoue: peoi aoi?/iiai aeeooy, ?ioaineai?noue ?ioapnoa’?eoeaieo
eiiioi?eaoeee, “aoi?/iee oaiiapaiaio”, iann?iiapi?noue oiui. Aei /enea
inoaii?o o?aaa aeiaeaoe oaeiae ? ooieoe?iiaeuei? iniaeeaino? i?ioeano
noaiiaeaiiy oa ianooiii? ci?ie aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? /a?ac ni?eeoaaiiy,
noi?nio ae?yeuei?noue, ina?oo, aeoiaaiiy, cai?ioi?e aieea ia
iaioaeuei?noue iiae, aeniei?icaeiaieo oi?i noni?eueii? na?aeiiino? e
aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e.
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? – “AOI?*IA IAIOAEUeI?NOUe OA AeOOIAIA NOA?A
NONI?EUeNOAA” (ia?oee i?ae?icae?e ia? iacao “Aeai?eoi naii?icai?oaiiy
aeooiaiiai aeeooy noni?euenoaa”) – ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy ?icaeyaea?oueny
ia ye “??/-o-nia?”, oiaoi c iiceoe?? ?iaiaioiino? oa cae?i/aiino? yaeua,
a c iiceoe?? oiai aieeao, yeee a?i ni?aaey? ia anth aeooiaio noa?o
noni?euenoaa.
I?ioa oaea aii?oia ooai?aiiy ye iaioaeuei?oue, a yeiio an? no?oeoo?i?
??ai? o?nii ia?aieaoai? e eaaei aca?iiia?aoiaeyoue iaeei a iaeiee,
aeyaey? aieea ia aeooiaio noa?o aeeooy noni?euenoaa iano?eueee aaaiiee,
ui /anoi nai iaioae?oao a?aeiinyoue aei aeooiaii? noa?e. Iaioaeuei?noue
aeeiio? ?ieue eeoa ineo?/iiai noano?aoa, c yeiai caiaeii
aeie?aieththoueny o? /e ?io? aeooiai? ooai?aiiy. Naia aeooiaia noa?a
a?eueo ?icaeiooa ye ca oi?iith, oae ? ca ci?noii, i?ae iaioaeuei?noue,
ui iaeaaeeoue aei “ia?ao?aeiiai”, aeoae?noe/iiai, a?inioe?aeueiiai,
oiaoi a?eueo i?ei?oeaiiai a ???a?o?? cania?a ethaenueei?
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? p?aiy.
Aacoiiaii, aeaiaioe aeooiaii? noape, oe? ?inoeoooe?ae?ciaai? oi?ie
noni?eueii? na?aeiiino? – iaoea e ienoaoeoai, o?einio?y e ?ae?a?y,
iie?oeea e i?aai, ii?aeue – naia caaaeyee nai?e ?inoeoooe?iiaeueiino? –
? aeuei i?iyaii aeooiaiiai aeeooy noni?euenoaa. Iaioaeuei?noue aea ia
iiaea aooe eiinoeooeiaaiith o aeaeyae? noni?eueieo ?inoeooo?a, a?ae
oeueiai aiia ia?anoaia aooe iaioaeuei?noueth. Naia oiio aoei a
iaei?aeoiei ioioiaeithaaoe iaioaeuei?noue c oaeeie iiiyooyie ye
aeooiai?noue, aeooiaiee na?o, aeooiaia ae?yeuei?noue oa ?io.
Ooieoe?iiaeueiee aniaeo aiae?co aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? iia’ycaiee c
aeyaii niaoeeo?ee aieeao inoaiiuei? ia aeooiaio noapo noni?euenoaa e
aecia/aiiyi ooieoe?e, ye? aeeiio? iaioaeuei?noue ia eiaei?e noaae??
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aeooiaiiai oaiiiaio. Ci?no aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?
?ic/eith?oueny nii/aoeo o iaoe?iiaeueiiio oa?aeoa??, i?ney oeueiai – a
iania?e na?aeiiino?, a noni?euei?e aeoioe?, a oi?iao noni?eueii?
na?aeiiino?, aeioiaey/e, ia?aoo?, aei ?inoeoooe?iiaeueiiai ??aiy
aeooiaiiai ae?iaieoeoaa o ia?aoai?aiiio aeaeyae?. Aea, iacaaaeath/e ia
/enaeuei? o?ainoi?iaoe??, a?i ana ae ia cieea?, a i?iaeiaaeo?
caaacia/oaaoe aoi?/io niaoeeo?eo i?iyao ?inoeooeiaaieo aeaiaio?a
aeooiaii? noa?e.
O ae?oaiio i?ae?icae?e? – “Aoiiiaioaeuei?noue oa oi?ie noni?eueii?
na?aeiiino?” ?iaeoueny ni?iaa ?icaeyiooe i??o i?yiiai oa cai?ioiueiai
aieeao iaioaeueiino? aoiino (ieae/iai ??aiy) ia aeooiaio noa?o oa,
cie?aia, ia oi?ie noni?eueii? na?aeiiino? (aeuee ??aaiue). C eiaeiei c
aeaiaio?a aeooiaii? noa?e aoi?/ia iaioaeueiinoue aca?iiae?? ii-??ciiio,
ui caeaaeeoue a?ae aaaaoueio /eiiee?a.
Ii-ia?oa, ia oei aca?iia?aeiinei “iaioaeuei?noue-aeooiaia noa?a” aieeaa?
ooieoe?iiaeueia i???ioaoe?y ?inoeooeiaaii? oi?ie noni?eueii? na?aeiiino?
– na?oiaeyaeia (iaoea, o?einio?y, ienoaoeoai, ?ae?a?y) aai ?aaoethth/a
(i?aai, ii?aeue, iie?oeea, ?ae?a?y); ?eoie ci?i oiai /e ?ioiai aeaiaioo.
Ii-ae?oaa, ci?no aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? aeioiaeeoue aei aeueo iiaa?o?a
aeooiaiiai ae?iaieoeoaa a aeineoue o?ainoi?iiaaiiio aeaeyae? a?oaoei?a,
neiaie?a, ?eoi?a, neiiao?e /e aioeiao?e oa ?io.
Ii-o?ao?, iaioaeuei?noue iaoiiaeth? aoi?/i? oyaeaiiy i?i cia/ou?noue
iaeieo aeaiaio?a aeooiaii? noa?e oa a?aenooi?noue ?? o ?ioeo. Iiaeia
neacaoe, ui aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue i?aeo?eio? ???a?o?th oi?i noni?eueii?
na?aeiiino? oa a?aeiia?aeieo nioe?aeueieo ?inoeooo?a noiniaii oiia
eiie?aoii? aoi?/ii? oe?e?niino?.
Ii-/aoaa?oa, caaaeyee nai?io niaaeeiaiio cae??ieaiith, no?eeino? oa
eiina?aaoeaiino?, aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue aeicaiey? aoi?/i?e ni?eueiio? a
iaai?e i??? i?ioenoiyoe iaoeneo c aieo ?ioeo, /oaeeo aeey ia? iin??a
eoeueoo?e.
Ia?aoo?, ii-i’yoa, ia ??ai? iaioaeueiino? noai?th?oueny oeiiaa aeey
aeaii? aoi?/ii? ni?eueiioe “ea?oeia na?oo”, aoi?/iee iaioae?oao ?
iaiao?aeiith oiiaith ae?enii oai?/i? aeooiaii? ?iaioe, ni?aaae?
aia?a?eiiai e ie?aeiiai aeooiaiiai aeeooy. Iaioaeuei?noue ocaaaeueith? a
“ciyoiio aeaeyae?” iayaiee aeooiaiee aeina?ae aoiino, ui ia? ia oaac?
iaaio ?noi?e/io a?aeiia?aei?noue oa?aeoa?enoee aeaiaio?a aeooiaii? noa?e
niaoeeoeoe? “ieae/eo”, aeeaeiieo ??ai?a aoiinioe?aeueii? nenoaie.
Iaaeaia oaca icia/a?, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? ia? ia
o?eueee i?ciaaaeueia, aea e aaeeea i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy, ai iaa?aooaaiiy
oaei? a?aeiia?aeiino? iie?oeeaie, ?aeaieiaaie, neoaeaiaoeyie eoeueoo,
noni?euenoaiciaaoeyie /anoi i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeano?oeoeaieo iane?aee?a.
O i’yoiio ?icae?e? aeine?aeaeothoueny “I?AEN?IEIA?*I? ANIAEOE AEA*AIIss
AOI?*II? IAIOAEUeIINO?”. Aiae?c ?icii/eia?oueny c ?icaeyaeo
“Ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iaioaeueiino? oa ?aeaieia??”. O?aaeeoe?eii i?ae
?aeaieia??th ne?ae ?icoi?oe noeoii?noue ?aeae ? iiaeyae?a, ui
a?aeia?aaeothoue o oai?aoe/i?e oi?i? a?aeiioaiiy ethaeae aei
iaaeieeoiuei? ae?eniino? oa iaeei aei iaeiiai, oa neoao? cae??ieaiith /e
ci?ie, ?icaeoeo ?nioth/eo noni?eueieo a?aeiinei. Iniiaith ?aeaieia?/iiai
a?aeia?aaeaiiy ? iaai? noni?euei? ?ioa?ane. ?aeaieia?y aenooia? a oi?iao
iie?oe/ieo, i?aaiaeo, ?ae?a?eieo, aoe/ieo, anoaoe/ieo ? o?einionueeeo
nenoai.
Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui iaai? oai?aoe/i? i?aenoaae aeey ni?anoaaeaiiy
aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino? oa ?aeaieia?? ia’?eoeaii ?niothoue. ?o
nii??aeith? aeecuee?noue aei oiai no?oeoo?iiai c??co aeooiaiiai
oaiiiaio, yeee ?ieiee iaceaathoue i?aeoe/iith na?aeii?noth. Naia
i?aen?ieia?/ia ni?yiiaai?noue ia ??oaiiy eiie?aoieo caaaeaiue (aai
iaioaeueiei caniaii – /a?ac ?iaeiaee aeina?ae aoiino, /a?ac eieaeoeaia
iana?aeiia – aai ?aeaieia?/iei oeyoii – /a?ac oe?eani?yiiaaio aeai?/o
aeooae?caoe?th aeooiaiiai aeina?aeo) iaoiiaeth? oeth aeece?noue, a ye?e
noiaeyoueny ci?no ?aeaieia?? ? iaioaeueiino?.
?acii c oei, iaioaeuei?noue a?aeia?aaea? oie ??aaiue ineo?/iiai
a?aeoai?aiiy ?ioi?iaoe??, ia yeiio “aeoiea ia a?aeie?aieaia a?ae
aiioe?e” – ??aaiue, ui “ia aeinyaa?” aei ?aeaieia??. Aeeaieee aiae?c
aca?iiae?? ?aeaieia?? ? iaioaeueiino? aoa i?iaaaeaiee I.I.Aaoo?iei o
eiec? “Oai?/?noue O?ainoa ?aaea oa ia?iaeia eoeueoo?a Na?aaeiueia?//y e
?aianaina”. I?ioenoiyiiy io?oe?eii? oa ia?iaeii? eoeueoo?, ia iiaeyae
I.I.Aaoo?ia, ? naia i?ioenoiyiiy ?aeaieia?? oa iaioaeueiino?:
caia?a/oth/e caiiee na?o, a/aia eoeueoo?a Na?aaeiueia?//y oa
A?ae?iaeaeaiiy iane??cue ?aeaieia?/ia, oaieia?/ia aae aei canoeaeino?,
oiae? ye ia?iaeia eoeueoo?a – ?iceooa, aio/ea, o?eo/a ? ae?aaea?
aenie?oeeoi? iaioaeuei? ianoaiiae, iiai?noth iicaaaeai? iaeiia?/ii?
na?eiciino?. Oea eoeueoo?a ni?oiaa, ea?iaaaeueia, caia?a/oth/a nia?oue ?
i?ioeeaaeia io?oe?ei?e ?aeaieia??, ui iiaoaeiaaia ia caeyeoaaii?.
?aeaieia?y Na?aaeiueia?//y i?ia?aaaea aoi?/ii caaa?aeai?e “ea?oei?
na?oo” oei, ui inoaiiy aoea aaeaioiaaia aei i?noeaaeo oiia, a canoeae?
o?enoeyinuee? aeiaie iaa’ycoaaeeny o iae??ciiiai?oi?oeo
nioe?ieoeueoo?ieo ni?eueiioao. O oeeo oiiaao caa?iaiiy aei aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiino? noa? aeoii “?aeaieia?/ii? ei?aeoe??”, aac /iai aea?aeaaia
?aeaieia?y ao?a/a? naith ooieoe?iiaeueio cia/ei?noue ? aoaeoeai?noue, a
noni?eueiee ?ioaeaeo ia?anoa? ia?a?iaeyoe e nenoaiaoeciaoaaoe
?ioi?iaoe?th, ui iinooia?. Aoi?/ia iaioaeuei?noue a?a? ?ieue iaaiiai
“?noi?e/iiai aaeueia”, iino?eii a?aeoai?thth/e a e?eciaeo neooaoe?yo
aeina?ae (a, nei??o ca ana – a?aenooi?noue oeueiai aeina?aeo) o
ae??oaii? i?iaeai.
?aeaieia?y iaoe?iiaeueiiai a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iiaeiia i?aai?/ii niieo/aoe
aeooaeuei? iaoe?iiaeuei? ?ioa?ane c ao?eaieie a aoiiiaioaeuei?noue
oe?a?inueei? iaoe?? oe?iiinoyie, ui, a naith /a?ao, ia?aoai?th?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiiiaioaeueiino? c ?ic?yaeo
i?ciaaaeueii-i?ina?oieoeueeeo i?ioeaaeo? o ?ic?yae iaeaaaeeea?oeo iio?aa
iie?oeei-?aeaieia?/ii? noa?e oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae. Inue /iio aaaeeeai
aeyaeoe ci?no oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino?. Naia oeueiio i?enay/aiee
ae?oa?e i?ae?icae?e i’yoiai ?icae?eo, yeee ia? iacao “Iniaeeaino?
oe?a?inueei? aoiiiaioaeueiino?”. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, an? caniae
aeine?aeaeaiiy eiie?aoieo ?en aoiiiaioaeueiino? iiaeia caanoe aei aeaio
iniiaieo i?aeoiae?a: ii?iaoeaiiai ? aii??e/iiai.
Ia?oee c ieo – ii?iaoeaiee i?aeo?ae oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ?ao?iniaeoeaiith
aenia?oiith ioe?ieith, yea aeicaiey? ia i?aenoaa? ?aoaeueiiai aiae?co
?noi?e/iiai ieioeiai a?aeoai?eoe oa iiynieoe iaeaaeiee noai
iaioaeueiino? oiai /e ?ioiai aoiino. Ae?oaee i?aeo?ae caniiaaiee ia
noaoe/i?e aii??e/i?e o?enaoe?? ?nioth/eo ?en aoi?/iiai (iaoe?iiaeueiiai)
oa?aeoa?o, /a?ac yeee iaoiaeyoue na?e i?iya a?eueo aeeaeii? iaioaeuei?
i?ioeane. Iaeaeaa iai?yiee a aeine?aeaeaii? aoi?/ii? iaioaeueiino?
?aeiathoueny a caeeth/iiio neioac?, i?e?iaeii aeiiiaithth/e iaeei
iaeiiai: aii??e/iee i?aeo?ae iaaea? ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i ae?eniee noai
yaeua, a ?noi?eei-ii?iaoeaiee i?aeo?ae – iaoa??ae aei i??eoaaiiy i?i
a?aeiia?aei?noue oeueiai noaio iaioaeueiiio aoaeiio.
Uiaei eiie?aoieo ?en oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino?, ne?ae aeie?aieoe,
ii-ia?oa, aioa?ci ye aeooiaiee ca’ycie oe?a?ioe?a c na?aaeiaeuai ?o
iaoeaiiy. I?eoeeuei?noue aei iaaieo oa?eoi??e o aoi?/ieo ei?aeiiao o
oe?a?ioe?a iaaoaa? i?o?/iiai e noa’?eoeaiiai oa?aeoa?o.
Ii-ae?oaa, i?eiao ?iaeea?aeoae?cio iaae eieaeoea?ciii a?aecia/athoue
i?aeoe/ii an? aeine?aeieee aeaiiiai oaiiiaio. sse ienaa
I.Eoeue/eoeueeee, oe?a?inueeee ia?niiae?ci cia/ii a?eueoa, ai?ae o
Cao?aei?e ?a?ii?, aeaaa i?i ?io?iaa?oia caaeeaeaiiy o aioo??oi?e na?o
iniaenoiai ia?aaeeaaiiy. C?aooith oe?a?inueea eoeueoo?a caiice/o? e
iiai?noth noaa?aeaeo? ieoeeaeaioaeueiee ia?niiae?ci, aea iaaea? eiio
aeaui ?ioiai iai?yieo – ?icaoaeiae iniae aaeeaeio, cai?noue aeniain??
aoe?eio. O nai?io na?oini?eeiaii? oe?a?inueea eoeueoo?a, ye neea, ui
oi?io? iaoe?iiaeueio ineo?eo, cae?enith?, oaeei /eiii, “i???ioaoe?th ia
?a?iio”. I?eoaiaiiee oe?a?ioeyi aaioeaio?eci ia? nai? iiceoeai? e
iaaaoeai?, neeuei? e neaae? iiiaioe, ui caeaaeeoue ia o?eueee a?ae
iaioaeueiino?, a a?ae ?noi?e/iiai eiioaenoo.
Ii-o?ao?, i?eiao aiioe?iiaeueiino? iaae ?aoe?iiaeuei?noth, ii/ooo?a iaae
?ioaeaeoii, “na?oey” iaae “aieiaith” – ei?aeioeaio?eci, iniaeeai a
o?einio??, i?i ui aeinoaoiuei aaaaoi aiai?youe no/ani? oe?a?inuee?
?noi?eee o?einio??.
Ii-/aoaa?oa, iaaiee nioe?aeueiee oaoae?ci, oiaoi a??a a aaoiiaoe/i?noue
?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano, ca?aeee aeo?ea? iino?eia aoa/a a iae? a?oie, a
n?i’th, oo?eiaiiy a?ae o/ano? a ??oaii? aaaeeeaeo nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ieo
i?iaeai.
Ii-i’yoa, aia?aaeaioi?noue aioo??oiueiai na?oo, ui noi?ua? a nia?
aaaioth?ii-eicaoeueeee (aeoeaiee) ineo?/iee oei ? oei “iioa?iiiai
?nioaaiiy” (ianeaiee).
Ii-oinoa, iaoiiaeaiee niaoeeo?eith iao??iii?aeueieo a?aeiinei,
o?aaeeoe?yie iie?oe/iiai naii?aaoethaaiiy oa ?ae?a?eiiai aeeooy,
aaae?oa?eci oe?a?ioe?a.
?ethno?oth/e iiaeeeaino? aii??e/iiai i?aeoiaeo, aeena?oaio i?ia?a aeania
aoiiineoieia?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy, a oiae? yeiai aoee iieoai? 484
iaoeaioey i.Caii??aeaey. Na?aae iniiaieo ?en oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino?
?aniiiaeaioe iacaaee aeaaeiao ? ainoeii?noue, aeiapioo oa aeo?eiai?noue,
eoeaanoai oa ii/oooy aoiipo, i?aoeaethanoai oa oiaapenuee?noue. Ui c
oeeo yeinoae i?aeo?eioaaoe, a ui aeei??ithaaoe, iiaeiai ae??ooaaoe
nioe?aeueiee ?ioaeaeo ia?iaeo, eiai i?aeoe/ia na?aeii?noue oeyoii
?aeaieia?/ii? ae?yeueiino?.
O?ao?e i?ae?icae?e inoaiueiai ?icae?eo ia? iacao “Iaioaeuei?noue iaoe??
? nioe?aeuei? ?aoi?ie”. Ia ia?oee iiaeyae aaea?oueny, ui cacia/ai? ?ene
oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino? iaei /ei iiaeooue aeiiiiiaoe i?ioeano
nioe?aeueieo ?aoi?i o iia?e Oe?a?i?. Ae?enii, aoiiiaioaeuei?noue
ia’?eoeaii ia iiaea aooe aaeaioiaaiith c naiiai ii/aoeo i?ae caieoe
?aoi?iaoi?a. Oea ? caaaeaiiy ?aeaieia?? – o?ainoi?ioaaoe iaioaeuei?
oyaeaiiy i?ae aeooaeuei? iio?aae /ano, ia?aoe na?aae /enaeueieo ?
noia?a/eeaeo iaioaeueieo noa?aioei?a o?eueee o?, ia ye? iiaea nie?aoeny
?aoi?iaoi?nueea iie?oeea.
I?iaeaiaoe/i?noue ieoo?ai? iiyae iaioaeueiino? c iiaeie ye?nieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie i?e ci?i? iie?oe/ii? neooaoe?? iineeth?oueny ua e oei,
ui nii/aoeo c iaiao?aei?noth i?io?ea? i?ioean i?eioniai? aaeaioaoe??
ethaeae ia no?eueee aei iiaeo oiia, ye? ? iaoith nioe?aeueieo
ia?aoai?aiue (?o acaaae? ua iaia?), ne?eueee aei oiia o?eaaeiai ia??iaeo
?aoi?ioaaiiy. E??i oiai, i?ae iaioaeuei?noth oa ?aeaieia??th ?aoi?i ye
i?aaeei, a?aenooi?e aoaeoeaiee “cai?ioi?e ca’ycie”. sse aooe
?aoi?iaoi?ai, yeui iaioaeuei?noue a?eueo eiina?aaoeaia, i?ae ?aeaieia?y
e “a?aeiia?noe” ia iie?oeeo ?aoi?i aiia iiaea eeoa /a?ac o?eaaeee /an?
Ia iao iiaeyae, ia?oa oiiaa, yei? ne?ae aeio?eioaaoeny aaoi?ai ?aoi?i –
oea a?aeiia?aei?noue, oi/a a o caaaeueiiio aeaeyae?, ni?yiiaaiino?
nioe?aeueieo o?ainoi?iaoe?e iaioaeuei?e ea?oei? na?oo aeaiiai
noni?euenoaa. Eaeaoueny aaea ia i?i aocuee? aoi?/i? ni?eueiioe, a i?i
oe?ie? iaaeaoi?/i? ooai?aiiy, eio?? ?ieiee iaceaathoue eiioeiaoaeueieie
(i?aeeiioeiaioaeueieie) nioe?aeueieie i?aai?ciaie, noia?aoiinaie /e
oeea?e?caoe?yie. Nueiaiaei? ?nio? iiaeyae, ca?aeii c yeei Oe?a?ia
“ia?a?nii” aoiaeeea aei aeooiaiiai i?ino??o ?a?iie, ii/eiath/e c /an?a
Ee?anueei? ?on? oa iieuenueei-eeoianueei? aeiae, aea Ia?ayneaanueea
?aaea, oi/i?oa, ii?ooaiiy ?? iinoaiia, “ae?aaea” Oe?a?io c
caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeiai eiioaenoo e ianeeueii i?ee??ieea ?? aei
?a?ac?enueei? oeea?e?caoe??, aei ?in??. Ni?aaae?, oe?a?inueea aoi?/ia
ni?euei?noue aeyaey? aeoaea aaaaoi iaioaeueieo iniaeeainoae, ni?acao/ieo
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeei aoiinai. Iiooeaie oeueiai “?a?iiaenueeiai ne?aeo”
a iao?e iaioaeueiino? nueiaiaei? caeiathoueny oe?a?inuee? o?einioe oa
eoeueoo?ieiae, na?aae yeeo A.Ae/ei, ?.Ae/ei, A.Ai?nueeee, I.Caaoaeei,
N.E?einueeee, A.Eie, ?.Iai?iaeiee, ?.Noa?iaieo, A.Oii?aoi oiui.
Aea iayai?noue oaeiai “ni?acao//y” ia aea? i?aenoaa aeey oace i?i
oaeaeea a?aeoai?aiiy a no/ani?e oe?a?inuee?e iaioaeueiino? aeanoeainoae,
i?eoaiaiieo ?e aei ni?eee c ?in??th. C iaeiiai aieo, aeey oeueiai
iio??aai /an, cia/ii a?eueoee, i?ae a?e oe?a?inueei? iacaeaaeiino?.
Iaaiaee, uiaei ?aeiino? cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? ? oe?a?inueei?
iaioaeueiino?, oaeee /an ieioa, ? no/ania oe?a?inueea iaoe?y cian?i ia
oa aoi?/ia ni?eueiioa, yeith aoee oe?a?ioe? aei Ia?ayneaanueei? ?aaee.
Iiia?nueeee, a i?ney oeueiai ?aaeyinueeee ia??iae oe?a?inueei? ?noi???
ia i?ieoia aea?aiii aeey oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino?. Iaiao?aeii
eiinoaooaaoe iai?e?iiee aeey ?aeaieia?? nioe?aeueiiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy oaeo
cia/ii? iaoiiaeaiino? oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiino? ?noi?e/iei ia??iaeii
aoiaeaeaiiy Oe?a?ie aei neeaaeo ?in?enueei? ?iia???, a i?ney oeueiai –
N?N?. Aeoaea aaeeea /anoeia ianaeaiiy ioioiaeith? naaa c “?aaeyinueeei
ia?iaeii” ? ? iin?yie “?aaeyinueei? iaioaeueiino?”.
C ?ioiai aieo, cao?aeii?a?iiaenueea iaioaeuei?noue oaeiae ia ?
iaci?iiith. ?ica?a Oe?a?ie c ?a?iiith a?aeaoany ua aei eai?oae?noe/ieo
ia?aoai?aiue, ye? aeiei??iii aeaeici?ieee cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeo
oeea?e?caoe?th acaaae? oa ?a?iiaenueeo iaioaeuei?noue, cie?aia. Aeey
oeea?e?caoe??, aei yei? ie ni?iiaaa?iiny i?e?aeiaoeny, ie ? iaioaeueii
/oaeeie, nai???aeiei “?ii?iaeiei o?eii”, aei oiai ae – iaoeaioe?
No?aeii? ?a?iie, yeo i?ia?aei? ?a?iiaenuee? iaoe?? o?eaaeee /an
?icaeyaeaee eeoa o yeino? iai?aeieii?e, ne?iaeiieo i?eaeaoe?a oa ?eie?a
caooo aeanii? i?iaeoeoe??.
Iaa?aooaaiiy oeeo oaeo?a iiaea iaianoe ?aeaieia?? iaoe?iiaeueiiai
?aoi?ioaaiiy a Oe?a?i? cia/ii? oeiaee, ai ye iieaco? yne?aaee ?noi?e/iee
aeina?ae ??aio, Aoaai?noaio, ?ioeo no?aeieo e?a?i, iiaa?oiaa e oi?niaaia
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy cao?aeieo oe?iiinoae ? noa?aioei?a cono??/a?oueny o
o?aaeeoe?ei?e ineo?oe? c iaaiith ?ia?oi?noth, iai?eeiaiiyi, a ?ieiee – ?
c a?aeaa?oei iii?ii. Caaaeaiiy no/anii? ?aeaieia?? ?aoi?i a oiio ?
iieyaa?, uia, nie?ath/enue ia iaai? ocee noaa?eueiino? a aoi?/iiio
iaioae?oao?, noai?thaaoe aio/e? iaoai?cie aaeaioaoe?? ethaeeie aei oiia,
ui ci?iththoueny a i?ioean? ?aoi?i, iaaeaaaoe ?e iiaeeea?noue ?ice?eaaoe
aeaniee oai?/ee iioaioe?ae. O oeueiio nain? aoiiiaioaeuei?noue aeyaey?
iaai? i?aen?ieia?/i? iaiaaeaiiy, ai “i?aoethaaoe” ia ia?niaeoeao aiia
ii/eia? eeoa oiae?, eiee ?? ci?no ioi?ieth?oueny a /?oeo nenoaio
aoi?/ieo i??i??oao?a ? ii?i.
O aeniiaeao i?aeaiaeyoueny i?aenoiee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe,
oi?ioeththoueny i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? oa aeie?aieththoueny iai?yiee
iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaia.
Nienie iioaeieiaaieo i?aoeue caeiaoaa/a ca oaiith aeena?oaoei?:
1.Aeiaeiiia ?.A. Oai?ey iaioaeueiinoe: O/aiea i aeaoa?ieiaioao
iuneeoaeueiuo aaoiiaoeciia.–Caii?iaeuea, “Oaiaeai-O”,1999.–15,3 ae.a.
2.Aeiaeiiia ?.A. Yoie/aneay iaioaeueiinoue: iiuo
nioeeaeueii-oeeinioneiai enneaaeiaaiey. – Caii?iaeuea: “Oaiaeai-O”,
1998. – 9,2 ae.a.
3.Oaiiiai iaoei?: iniiae aeeooaaeiyeueiinoi. – Eieaeoeaia iiiia?ao?y
i?ae ?aae. A.A.Iiiiaa. – E.: Oiaa?enoai “Ciaiiy”, EII, 1998. (?icae?e 4.
Aoiin o i?e?iaeii-inoi?e/iiio i?ioeani.) – 0,8 ae.a.
4.Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Iiaeeeainoi aiii?e/iiai iai?yieo a aeineiaeaeaiii
oe?aiinueeiai iaioaeioaoo // Eoeueoi?ieiai/iee ainiee /
Iaoeiai-oai?aoe/iee ui?i/iee Ieaeiuei? Iaaeaeiii?yiueie. Aeione 4. –
Caii?iaeaey, 1998. – 0,5 ae.a.
5. Aeiaeiiia ?.A. No?oeoo?a yoie/aneie iaioaeueiinoe // Iiaa ia?aaeeaia
/ Aeueiaiao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo a/aieo Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei.
9. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1998. – 0,6 ae.a.
6. Aeiaeiiia ?.A. ?iaei-aeaeiaua ioee/ey iaioaeueiinoae// Iiaa
ia?aaeeaia / Aeueiaiao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo a/aieo Caii?icueeiai
?aaiiio. Aei. 10. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1999. – 0,5 ae.a.
7. Aeiaeiiia ?.A Oi?iu i?iyaeaiey yoiiiaioaeueiinoe e eo iniaaiiinoe //
Iiaa ia?aaeeaia / Aeueiaiao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo a/aieo
Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei. 11. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1999. –
0,5 ae.a.
8. Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Aei ieoaiiy i?i eeaneo?eaoe?th aeao?i?oe?e
iaioaeueiino? // Iiaa ia?aaeeaia / Aeueiaiao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo
a/aieo Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei. 12. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”,
1999. – 0,5 ae.a.
9. Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Nioe?aeueia oaoiieia?y aeine?aeaeaiiy aoi?/iiai
iaioae?oaoo // Nioe?aeuei? oaoiieia??: aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie oai??? oa
i?aeoeee. – Aei. 2. – Ee?a-Caii??aeaey – Iaeana: “Yooa-i?ann”, 1998. –
0,5 ae.a.
10. Aeiaeiiia ?.A. E aii?ino i niioiioaiee eaeaieiaee e iaioaeueiinoe //
Eoeueoo?ieia?/iee a?niee / Iaoeiai-oai?aoe/iee ui??/iee Ieaeiuei?
Iaaeaei?i?yiueie. Aei. 3. – Caii??aeaey, 1996. – 0,5 ae.a.
11. Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Inoi?e/ii aoaie noaiiaeaiiy eaoaai?ii iaioaeueiinoue
// Iiaa ia?aaeeaia / Aeueiaiao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo a/aieo
Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei. 7. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1998. –
0,4 ae.a.
12.Aeiaeiiia ?.A. I i?e?iaea iaioaeeoaoa // Iiaa ia?aaeeaia /
Aoiaiioa?iee aeo?iae iieiaeeo a/aieo Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei. 2. –
Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1997. – 0,3 ae.a.
13.Aeiaeiiia ?.A. E i?iaeaia ii?aaeaeaiey iiiyoey “iaioaeueiinoue” //
I?eaeiii?ianueeee iaoeiaee ainiee. Iaoeiaee aeo?iae. Na?iy:
Noniieueii-iieioe/ii iaoee. N 14 (25), o?aaaiue 1997. – 0,3 ae.a.
14.Aeiaeiiia ?.A. Iniiaiua aeaoa?ieiaiou i?ioeanna noaiiaeaiey
yoie/aneie iaioaeueiinoe // Iiaa ia?aaeeaia / Aoiaiioa?iee aeo?iae
iieiaeeo a/aieo Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei. 4. – Caii?iaeaey:
“Oaiaeai-O”, 1997. – 0,3 ae.a.
15.Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Eicaoeueei aeoiee oe?a?inueei? iaioaeueiinoi // Iiaa
ia?aaeeaia / Aoiaiioa?iee aeo?iae iieiaeeo a/aieo Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio.
Aei. 5. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1997. – 0,3 ae.a.
16.Aeiaeiiia ?.A. Aeai?eoi naii?acaa?ouaaiey aeooiaiie aeecie iauanoaa
// Iiaa ia?aaeeaia / Aeueiaiao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue iieiaeeo a/aieo
Caii?icueeiai ?aaiiio. Aei. 6. – Caii?iaeaey: ?/A “Oaiaeai-O”, 1998. –
0,3 ae.a.
AIIOAOeIss
Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Nioe?aeueii-o?einionueeee aiae?c i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy oa
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aoiiiaioaeueiino?. – ?oeiien. Aeena?oaoeiy ia caeiaoooy
a/aiiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oieinionueeeo iaoe c niaoeiaeueiinoi 09.00.03 –
nioe?aeueia oieinio?y oa oieinioiy ?noi???. ?inoeooo o?einio?? IAIO,
Ee?a, 1999.
O aeena?oaoe?? inieneth?oueny iiiyooy “iaioaeuei?noue”, eiai cia/aiiy oa
i?noea o nenoai? iaoeiaeo eaoaai??e, i?iaiae?ciaiii noaiiaeaiiy
cacia/aiiai iiiyooy c aeae?eaiiyi iniiaieo aoai?a aeaiiiai i?ioeano,
aeyaeaii iaoiaeieia?/io niaoeeo?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaia
o?einio??th oa eiie?aoieie iaoeaie, eeaneo?eiaai? ?nioth/? aeao?i?oe??
eaoaai??? “iaioaeuei?noue”, aecia/aii ?iaei-aeaeia? a?aeciaee
iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaia, aeae?eaii no?oeoo?i? ??ai? aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiino?. Aecia/aii i?noea aoiiiaioaeueiino? na?aae oaiiiai?a
aeooiaiiai aeeooy noni?euenoaa. C?iaeaii ni?iao aeae?eeoe iniiai? ?ene
oe?a?inueei? aoiiiaioaeueiino?, cae?eniaii aiae?c iaae aoaeoeaiiai
aeei?enoaiiy ii?iaoeaiiai ? aii??e/iiai iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aoi?/ii?
iaioaeueiino?, cae?eniaii inieneaiiy i?aen?ieia?/ii? ooieoe??
aoiiiaioaeueiino?, ?? cia/aiiy aeey nioe?aeueieo ?aoi?i acaaae? ?
cie?aia a Oe?a?i?.
Eeth/iai neiaa: iaioaeuei?noue, aoi?/ia, aoiiiaioaeuei?noue, a?oaoeie,
ai??i?i? oi?ie ieneaiiy, aeooiaia noa?a noni?euenoaa, iaoe?iiaeueiee
oa?aeoa?, ?aeaieia?y.
AIIIOAOeEss
Aeiaeiiia ?.I. Nioeeaeueii-oeeinioneee aiaeec i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey e
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey yoiiiaioaeueiinoe. – ?oeiienue. Aeenna?oaoeey ia
nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a oeeinioneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe
09.00.03 – nioeeaeueiay oeeinioey e oeeinioey enoi?ee. Einoeooo
oeeinioee IAIO, Eeaa, 1999.
A aeenna?oaoeee iniuneeaaaony iiiyoea “iaioaeueiinoue”, aai cia/aiea e
ianoi a nenoaia nioeeaeueii-oeeinioneeo eaoaai?ee, aiaeece?oaony
noaiiaeaiea yoiai iiiyoey n auaeaeaieai iniiaiuo yoaiia aeaiiiai
i?ioeanna (yoai eaoaioiiai ?acaeoey, yoai ?acaeoey “Iiaie enoi?e/aneie
iaoeie” (oeiea “Aiiaeia”), yoai iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iiai neioaca).
Auyaeaia iaoiaeieiae/aneay niaoeeoeea enneaaeiaaiey iaioaeueiiai
oaiiiaia oeeinioeae e eiie?aoiuie iaoeaie, i?aaei?eiyoa eeanneoeeaoeey
nouanoaothueo aeaoeieoeee eaoaai?ee “iaioaeueiinoue”, ii?aaeaeaiu
?iaei-aeaeiaua ioee/ey iaioaeueiiai oaiiiaia e auaeaeaiu iniiaiua
?aciiaeaeiinoe iineaaeiaai. Iniuneeaaaony nouiinoue iiiyoee
“yoie/aneia”, iiae eioi?ui a ?aaioa iiieiaaony nioeeaeueii-oeeinioneay
eaoaai?ey, iienuaathuay nayce e ioiioaiey aioo?e e iaaeaeo
/aeiaa/aneeie iauiinoyie, aicieeoeie ia iniiaa ineoiiiaaaeai/aneiai
aaeeinoaa, noi?ie?iaaaoaainy a ?acoeueoaoa aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe
iauiinoe a noiaeiuo aaia?aoe/aneeo e nioeeaeueii-enoi?e/aneeo oneiaeyo e
ia?aaeathueony ii ianeaaenoao io iaeiiai iieieaiey e ae?oaiio,
“yoie/aneay iaioaeueiinoue”, iienuaathony iniiaiua oi?iu i?iyaeaiey
yoiiiaiaeueiinoe.
Aeenna?oaio iiae?iaii aiaeece?oao aeaienoaaiiia i?ienoiaeaeaiea
yoie/aneie iaioaeueiinoe, ioia/ay, /oi a oiaea yaiethoeee i?e?iaea
au?aaioaea oieaa?naeueiue iaoaieci aini?iecaiaenoaa aeieiae/aneiai
i?aaiecia /a?ac naeaoea iieo/aiiie ei eioi?iaoeee a ieieiaeueiua
aeai?eoiu, oeene?othueany a eioi?iaoeaeao iieaeoeu AeIE e ia?aaeaaaaiie
ii ianeaaenoao. A ooieoeeiiaeueiii aniaeoa yoa a?iaeaeaiiay eioi?iaoeey
ea?aao ?ieue “noa?oiaiai iaoaiecia” i?ioeanna iiciaiey iineaaeothueo
iieieaiee. Ia yoio eioi?iaoeeiiiue ieano ianeaeaaaony ae?oaie,
iieo/aiiue iicaea ieano eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ay i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
i?eaeeciaiiue iiuo /aeiaaea. Aeeaiicii, a eioi?ii iia nouanoaoao e
yaeyaony oie ii?iie ?aaeoeee, eioi?oth oeene?oao iiiyoea iaioaeueiinoe.
Aaoi?ii auaeaeythony no?oeoo?iua o?iaie yoie/aneie iaioaeueiinoe:
ineoi-yia?aaoe/aneee (iiea), a?oaoeie/iue (ia?acu) e eiae/aneee
(iiiyoey). A ?aaioa enneaaeothony iniiaiua oaeoi?u, aeaoa?ieie?othuea
niaea?aeaiea iaioaeueiinoe ii?aaeaeaiiiai yoiina, aeaia eo a?oiie?iaea e
oeiieiaecaoeey. Auyaeaii ianoi yoiiiaioaeueiinoe n?aaee oaiiiaiia
aeooiaiie aeecie iauanoaa, i?ineaaeaii i?yiia e ia?aoiia aeeyiea
yoiiiaioaeueiinoe ia ianniaia niciaiea e einoeoooeeaeece?iaaiiua
yeaiaioe aeooiaiie noa?e: iaoeo, oeeinioeth, eneonnoai, ?aeeaeth e
i?i/., niiinoaaeaiu aeaa oi?iu i?iyaeaiey i?aeoe/aneiai niciaiey –
eaeaieiaey e iaioaeueiinoue, auyaeaii iauaa e iniaaiiia.
I?aaei?eiyoa iiiuoea auaeaeeoue iniiaiua /a?ou oe?aeineie
yoiiiaioaeueiinoe, i?iaiaeece?iaaiu a?aieoeu aooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey
ii?iaoeaiiai e yiie?e/aneiai iaoiaeia enneaaeiaaiey yoie/aneie
iaioaeueiinoe, ia?ainiuneaia i?aeneieiae/aneay ooieoeey
yoiiiaioaeueiinoe, aa cia/aiea aeey nioeeaeueieo ?aoi?i aiiaua e a
Oe?aeia a /anoiinoe.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iaioaeueiinoue, yoie/aneia, yoiiiaioaeueiinoue,
a?oaoeiu, ai?ei?iua oi?iu iuoeaiey, aeooiaiay noa?a iauanoaa,
iaoeeiiaeueiue oa?aeoa?, eaeaieiaey.
ANNOTATION
Dodonov R.A. Social-philosophical analysis of processes of forming and
functioning of etnomentality. – Manuscript.
The dissertation for Doctor’s degree on specialty 09.00.03 – Social
philosophy and philosophy of history. Institute of Philisophy of UNAS,
Kiev, 1999.
In the dissertation the notion “mentality”, its significance and place
in the system of philosophical categories is interpreted, coming into
being of this notion with excretion of main stages of this process is
analyzed, methodological specific character of exploration of mental
phenomenon by philosophy and concrete sciences is revealed, existed
definitions of category “mentality” are classified, gender-aspectual
differences of mental phenomenon are determined, structural levels of
ethnic mentality are assigned. The place of ethnomentality among the
phenomenons of spiritual life of society is defined.
The attempt is made to excrete the main features of Ukrainian
ethnomentality, limits of effective using of normative and empirical
methods of exploration of ethnic mentality are analyzed, pracsiological
function of ethnomentality and meaning for social reforms in general and
in Ukraine in particular is re-interpreted.
Key words: mentality, ethnic, ethnomentality, archetype, a priori forms
of thought, spiritual sphere of society, national character, ideology.
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