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AeIIAANUeEA AeA?AEAAIA AEAAeAI?ss

AOAe?AIEOeOAA OA A?O?OAEOO?E

Oaeoae/aiei Aieiaeeie? ?ee?/

OAeE 621.64+681.12+697.245

NIINIAE I?AeAEUAIIss AOAEOEAIINO? AENIEOAOAOe??

AACIO?AINII?OIEO NENOAI ? ?ANO?NICAA??AATH*? OAOIIEIA??
OAIEIAACIIINOA*AIIss

05.23.03 – Aaioeeyoe?y, ina?oeaiiy oa oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Iae??aea – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Aeiiaoeueeiio iaeaniiio a?aee?eoiio aeoe?iia?iiio
oiaa?enoa? ii aaciiinoa/aiith oa aaceo?eaoe?? “Aeiiaoeueeiaeaac”.

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee A?eioaiei A?eoi? Ieaenaiae?iae/, Aeiiaoeueeee
o?ceei-oaoi?/iee ?inoeooo ?i. I.I.Aaee?ia IAI Oe?a?ie, canooiiee
aee?aeoi?a c iaoeiai? ?iaioe.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aeaaeai?e IAI
Oe?a?ie Ea?i ?ai? Ieeieaeiae/, ?inoeooo aaco IAI Oe?a?ie, aee?aeoi?;

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ??iaeia A’y/aneaa Oaaei?iae/,
I?eaei?i?ianueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e “Oaieioaoi?ea oa aaciiinoa/aiiy”.

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aoaa? Aaeaioei Oaaei?iae/, Aeiiaanueea
aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith
“Oaieioaoi?ea, oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy oa aaioeeyoe?y”;

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa
oa a?o?oaeoo?e I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe (eaoaae?a oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy oa
aaioeeyoe??).

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny 24 aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo i 10 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 12.085.01 Aeiiaanueei?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e (339023, Aeiiaoeueea
iae., i.Iae??aea, aoe.Aea?aeaa?ia, 2, 1 o/aiaee ei?ion, cae can?aeaiue).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Aeiiaanueei?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e (339023, i.Iae??aea,
aoe.Aea?aeaa?ia, 2).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 23 na?iiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii?

a/aii? ?aaee, e.o.i., aeioeaio THaia A.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. O no?oeoo?? na?oiaiai niiaeeaaiiy aia?ai?ano?n?a
/anoea i?e?iaeiiai aaco aacia?a?aii ?inoa. Oae, a iaeeaiiio aaeain?
Oe?a?ie aiia neeaaea? a?ey 50%. Aaciaa i?iieneia?noue iaoi? e?a?ie
?icaeaa?oueny ? ooieoe?iio? o aeaeyae? ?aeeii? nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy,
yea yaey? niaith oe?e?ni?noue ie?aieo aca?iicaeaaeieo aeaiaio?a:
ia’?eo?a aeaeiaooeo, iaa?no?aeueiiai o?ainii?oo aaco ?
aaci?iciiae?eueii? nenoaie. Ii?ooaiiy ae?yeueiino? aoaeue-yeiai c ieo
i?ecaiaeeoue aei iaeiaeiaeo iane?aee?a – cieaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
aaciiinoa/aiiy. Aaci?iciiae?eueia nenoaia – iaeneeaaei?oa neeaaeiaa a
caaaeuei?e no?oeoo?? aaciiinoa/aiiy c aace?//th ??ciiiai?oieo ooieoe?e,
ui aeeth/athoue ianaiia?aae o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?iciiae?e ? iae?e aeo?aoe
i?e?iaeiiai aaco. Caaacia/aiiy ii?iaeueii? ae?yeueiino? eiaeii? c oeeo
eaiie, i?aeaeuaiiy ?oiuei? iaae?eiino?, i?aai?caoe?y ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
niiaeeaaiiy aaco aoaeooue ni?eyoe aoaeoeai?e ?iaio? an??? nenoaie
aaciiinoa/aiiy, ui ? aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith.

Iaeia ?c iaeaaaeeea?oeo ieoaiue aenieoaoaoe?? ?iciiae?eueieo
aacii?iaiae?a – a?aeiiaeaiiy ooeiaeaeaieo ae?eyiie. Aeey oe??? iaoe,
ii?yae ?c o?aaeeoe?eiei niiniaii – caa?thaaiiyi, o na?oia?e i?aeoeoe?
oe?iea canoinoaaiiy ciaoiaeyoue eeaeia? oaoiieia??, ye? iathoue ieceo
ia?aaaa a ii??aiyii? ?c caa?thaaiiyi. sseui o aeiaaeeo iaoaeaaeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a (OI) ?o aeinoaoiuei eaaei ?aae?coaaoe, oi aeey
iie?ia?ieo, iniaeeai iie?aoeeaiiaeo OI, oea – neeaaeia oaoi?/ia caaea/a.
A aeaiee /an a?aenooi? iaae?ei? eeaeia? oaoiieia?? a?aeiiaeaiiy
iie?aoeeaiiaeo aacii?iaiae?a, ui ia iio?aaothoue iiaiiai a?aeeeth/aiiy
aaciiinoa/aiiy ? i/euaiiy ?o a?ae ne?ae?a aaco.

Iuaaeeeaa niiaeeaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai aaco iaiiaeeeai aac iaeaaiaeaeaii?
nenoaie iae?eo eiai aeo?aoe. Iae?e aeo?aoe aaco a ia?aaeao eiioiaeueiiai
aaciiinoa/aiiy i?iaiaeeoueny oeaio?ae?ciaaii ia aaci?iciiae?eueieo
noaioe?yo, a iieaoa anoaiiaeth?oueny, aeoiaey/e ?c
na?aaeiueinoaoenoe/ieo ii?i, ii e?eueeino? iaoeaioe?a o eaa?oe??. Oe?iea
canoinoaaiiy iiaooiaeo aacie?/eeueiee?a iiaei a ni?eyoe ?noioi?e
aeiiii?? aaco ca ?aooiie eiio?ieueiaaiiai eiai aeei?enoaiiy. Aiaeii/an
aiii no?eio?oueny /a?ac a?aenooi?noue i?eeiyoii? eiino?oeoe??
e?/eeueieea, aaeaioiaaii? aei aenieoaoaoe?eieo oa aeiiii?/ieo oiia
Oe?a?ie. Iaa?oue e?au? i?aaenoaaieee iiaooiaeo i?eeaae?a aeey aei??o
e?eueeino? aaco, ui aeioneathoueny nueiaiaei?, ia caaeiaieueiythoue
ianiaiai niiaeeaa/a uiaei aenieoaoaoe?eieo ? aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a.

Ia?niaeoeaieie iai?yieaie a ?aieao i?iaeaie, ui ?icaeyaea?oueny, oaeiae
?: ?ic?iaea aeni?anieo aaceiioaeoieo iaoiae?a oaoi?/ii? ae?aaiinoeee OI,
o ia?oo /a?ao, aeey aecia/aiiy i?noeue aeoieo aaco; i?aeaeuaiiy
iaae?eiino? onoaoeoaaiiy aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo ioieo?a ? onoaiiaie; noai?aiiy
oa inai?iiy aeieiaeo eioaeueieo ia i?e?iaeiiio aac? oa ?ic?iaea
oaoiieia?e iaea?aeaiiy aeueoa?iaoeaiiai aaciaiai iaeeaa, ui
caaacia/othoue caiuaaeaeaiiy iaoa??aeueieo ? aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a.

Noai?aiiy iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaieo ?ic?iaie ca iicia/aieie aeua ieoaiiyie ?
?o ai?iaaaeaeaiiy, ianaiia?aae ia aac? iaeeaii-aia?aaoe/iiai eiiieaeno
Aeiiaano, iaea?eueoiai i?iieneiaiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie, aeicaieeoue
ae??oeoe cia/io iaoeiai-oaoi?/io i?iaeaio – noi?io? iniiao aoaeoeaii?
nenoaie aenieoaoaoe?? aacio?ainii?oieo eiioi?eaoe?e ?
oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?aieao i?ia?aie Oan?n “I?iaeo ?aeiino?oeoe??
aaci?iciiae?eueii? nenoaie Oe?a?ie” ca i?iiiceoe?yie eii?n??
?a?iiaenueeiai ni?aoiaa?enoaa ? I?n?? Na?oiaiai Aaieo (1994 ?.);
i?ia?aie “Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iee ?icaeoie Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano? ia
1998-2000 ?.?.”; eii?aeeiaoe?eieo ieai?a ei?ii?aoe?? “Oe?aac” (1991-1996
?.?.); eiioeaioe?? aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo aaciaiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie
aei 2000 ?.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa ?iaioe – i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy oeyoii ?ic?iaee ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiiieaeno iiaeo
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaieo iaoiaeee, ia?niaeoeaieo oaoiieia?e ? onoaoeoaaiiy
a noa?? o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?iciiae?eo, iae?eo aeo?aoe ? niiaeeaaiiy
i?e?iaeiiai aaco, ui caaacia/othoue eiai caiuaaeaeaiiy ? ?aoe?iiaeueia
niiaeeaaiiy.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe ae??ooaaeeny oae? caaea/?:

– ?ic?iaea ia?aiinii? aeni?anii? nenoaie aeyaeaiiy aeoieo aaco;

– ?ic?iaea iiaeo eeaeiaeo oaoiieia?e a?aeiiaeaiy o?oaii?iaiae?a c
aeei?enoaiiyi iie?ia?ieo ? eiiiiceoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a;

– ?ic?iaea eiino?oeoe?? ? oaoiieia?? ae?iaieoeoaa iiaooiaiai aaciaiai
e?/eeueieea oa aaciaiai o?eueo?a oiiei? i/enoee, aaeaioiaaieo aei oiia
Oe?a?ie;

– i?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eiino? ?iaioe aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo ioieo?a ? onoaiiaie ca
?aooiie noai?aiiy ?aaoeyoi??a oeneo iiai? eiino?oeoe??;

– noai?aiiy aeiiii?/ieo aeie?a aaoiiiiiiai oaieiiinoa/aiiy (AAO) aeey
iiaeaiiy ? aa?y/iai aiaeicaaacia/aiiy aeeoeiaeo ? i?iieneiaeo aoaeeie?a;

– ?ic?iaea ia?niaeoeaieo oaoiieia?e aaceo?eaoe?? aoa?eey, ui
caaacia/othoue ae?iaieoeoai neioac-aaco aeey oaiei- oa
aeaeo?iaia?aaoeee;

– i?aeaioiaea oaoi?/ii? aeieoiaioaoe?? ia ?ic?iaeai? oaoiieia?? oa
onoaoeoaaiiy;

– ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeeiiaieo ?ic?iaie o aaciniiaeeaath/eo aaeocyo
ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a:

– iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaiee iiaee aeni?aniee ?* iaoiae aeyaeaiiy
?icaa?iaoecaoe?? aacii?iaiae?a, caniiaaiee ia ?a?no?aoe?? nioae
aei?ii?ithaaiiy-iiaeeiaiiy iaoaio a iaeano? 3000 ni-1;

– iieacaii, ui aeaoi?iaoe?y aiieneaeieo iie?ia??a i?e oaiia?aoo??, ui
ia?aaeuo? oaiia?aoo?o neeoaaiiy, ?c ianooiiei “caii?iaeoaaiiyi”
iai?oaeaiiai noaio – iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiee niin?a ?aae?caoe??
i???ioiaaiiai noaio i?aeaoceiaeo o?aaiaio?a iie?ia?ii? n?oee ?
oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoo oa?iionaaeee;

– ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio
ioooi-eeaeiaeo o?oaieo c’?aeiaiue ?c aeei?enoaiiyi iooo , ui
oa?iionaaeaeothoueny , ? i?iiaaeaacea?a, ye? aeicaieythoue iioei?coaaoe
?oi? ia?aiao?e ? i?aeaeueoe aenieoaoaoe?eio iaae?ei?noue;

– oai?aoe/ii oa aenia?eiaioaeueii i?aeoaa?aeaeaia iiaeeea?noue
aeei?enoaiiy ia?enoaeueoe/iiai i?eioeeio ia?aoai?aiiy aeo?aoe aaco a ?oo
a?aee?eiaiai iaoai?cio a eiino?oeoe?? iiaooiaiai aaciaiai e?/eeueieea;

– anoaiiaeai? caeiiii??iino? ci?ie aa?iaeeiai?/ieo aeanoeainoae, nooiaiy
? oiieino? i/enoee o?eueo?iaaeueiiai iaoaeiaieieiiaiai iaoa??aeo o
caeaaeiino? a?ae eiai ii?enoino?; aeyaeaii cia/aiiy ii?enoino?, i?e
yeiio aeinyaa?oueny iaeneiaeueia aoaeoeai?noue ?iaioe aaciaiai o?eueo?o,
caniiaaiiai ia iaoaeiaieieiiaiio o?eueo?iaeaiaio?;

– anoaiiaeaiee aca?iica’ycie i?ae eiino?oeoe?eieie ia?aiao?aie
oaieiaaia?aoi?a, yeee aeei?enoiao?oueny a aaciaeo aiaeia??eieo iiaeoeyo,
? eiai aenieoaoaoe?eieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, ui aea? iiaeeea?noue
oi?aaeyoe aaee/eiith eiao?oe??ioa ei?enii? ae?? ? eiioeaio?aoe??th
oe?aeeeaeo ?a/iaei o i?iaeoeoao cai?yiiy.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe
aeicaieeee:

– ?ic?iaeoe, aeaioiaeoe ? aei?iaoaaoe aeine?aeee c?acie
?aae?iiao?a-aaciaiae?caoi?a, ui ?a?no?o? aeo?e i?e?iaeiiai aaco c OI
oeyoii naeaeoe?? nioae iiaeeiaiiy-aei?ii?ithaaiiy iaoaio a iaeano?
3000 ni-1 ia oii? i?e?iaeieo ia?aoeiae;

– ?ic?iaeoe niiniae aeaioiaeaiiy o?oeia?a, ui oa?iionaaeaeothoueny, c
aiieneaeieo iie?ia??a, i?ecia/aieo aeey c’?aeiaiiy OI, ? ?aoeaioo?o
eea?a, oaiia?aoo?iee ?aaeei oaa?ae?iiy yeeo neio?ii?ciaaiee c onaaeeith
o?oeia?a;

– ?ic?iaeoe ? ai?iaaaeeoe a aaciaeo ainiiaea?noaao Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?
iia? eeaeia? oaoiieia?? ?aiiioo iie?aoeeaiiaeo aacii?iaiae?a ae?aiao?ii
aei 220 ii;

– noai?eoe ?yae i?ea?iaeueieo iiaooiaeo aaciaeo e?/eeueiee?a c
iaoai?ciaie ?iaioe, ui i?eioeeiiai a?ae??ciythoueny: ?c cieioieeiaei
iaoai?ciii; aac cieioieeiai? ia?e; aac oeaio?aeueiiai aaeo; ?c eeaiaiaie
o aeaeyae? ?ioi??a, ye? iaa?oathoueny;

– aeionoeoe aeine?aeio ia?o?th aacie?/eeueiee?a “Aeiiaan-2000”,
caniiaaieo ia aeei?enoaii? ia?enoaeueoe/iiai i?eioeeio ia?aoai?aiiy ?ooo
aaco a ?oo a?aee?eiaiai iaoai?cio, ? i?aeaiooaaoe i?iaeo ?oiueiai
ae?iaieoeoaa;

– cai?iiiioaaoe iie?ioaiee aa??aio iiaooiaiai aaciaiai o?eueo?o oiiei?
i/enoee, ui a?ae??ciy?oueny i?inoioith aeaioiaeaiiy, iaioith
iaoaei?ii?noth, iaeei a?ae?aae?/iei iii?ii i?ioiaeaeaiith aaco,
iiaeeea?noth ?aaaia?aoe?? aeaiaioo, ui o?eueo?o?; i?aeaiooaaoe
ae?iaieoeoai o?eueo??a c ianyaii aeioneo, ui caaeiaieueiy? iio?aae
Oe?a?ie;

– ?ic?iaeoe iiao eiino?oeoe?th ?aaoeyoi?a oeneo ieoiaea?iiai oeio, ui o
ii??aiyii? c aiaeia?/ieie iaia?aiieie ia? e?au? oaoi?/i? ia?aiao?e,
a?eueo aenieo iaae?ei?noue, iaioo iaoaei?ii?noue (o 2,6 ?ace), i?ino?oa
o aeaioiaeaii? oa aenieoaoaoe??; cae?enieoe cai?io ?aaoeyoi??a oeneo
noa?i? eiino?oeoe?? ia ieoiaea?i? ia 10 ia’?eoao nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy
Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?;

– cai?iiiioaaoe eiieo?aioicaeaoio eiino?oeoe?th oaieiaaia?aoi?a aeey
aaciaeo aiaeia??eieo iiaeoe?a, noai?eoe ? ai?iaaaeeoe a Aeiiaoeueeiio
?aa?ii? 19 AAO ia ?oi?e iniia?, o ?acoeueoao? /iai oaeoe/i? aeo?aoe ia
oaieiao aia?a?th a ii??aiyii? c oeaio?ae?ciaaiei caaacia/aiiyi
ciaioeeenue a 2-4 ?ace i?e oa?i?i? ieoiiino? oaeeo onoaiiaie – 1-2 ?iee;

– cai?iiiioaaoe ia?niaeoeai? oaoiieia?? ae?iaieoeoaa aeueoa?iaoeaiiai
aaciaiai iaeeaa aeey oaiei- oa aeaeo?iaia?aaoeee;

– i?aeaiooaaoe iaeao oaoi?/ii? aeieoiaioaoe??, ui aeeth/a? oaoiieia?/i?
?ino?oeoe?? ii ?aiiioo OI, oaoi?/i? oiiae ia ieoiaea?iee ?aaoeyoi?
oeneo, iiaooiaee aaciaee o?eueo?, iiaeoeue aaciaee aiaeia??eiee oiui.

Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeei?enoai? a iaa/aeueieo iin?aieeao
(Oaeoae/aiei A.?. I?iieneiaa oaieioaoi?ea. – Aeiiaoeuee: AeiiAeOO, 1998.
-336n.; Ia?ao?i I.O., Oaeoae/aiei A.?., E?aaoeia A.A. Niaoe?aeuei?
ieoaiiy niaeaiiy oa oa?i?/ii? ia?a?iaee iaeeaa.-Aeiiaoeuee: AeiiAeOO,
1999. -251n.) ? aeeth/ai? a i?ia?aie eo?n?a “Aaciiinoa/aiiy” oa
“Oaieiaaia?oth/? onoaiiaee” ca oaoii “Oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy, aaioeeyoe?y
oa ioi?iia iia?o?yiiai aanaeio” aeey nooaeaio?a Aeiiaanueei? aea?aeaaii?
aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniiaia /anoeia ?aeae, oai?aoe/ieo ?
i?aeoe/ieo iieiaeaiue aeena?oaoe?? iaeaaeeoue caeiaoaa/o. I?e
i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeaeaiue, ?acoeueoaoe yeeo iioae?eiaai? a
ni?aaaoi?noa?, aaoi? aeena?oaoe?? a?aa o/anoue o iinoaiiaoe? caaea/,
aeai?? ia’?eo?a ? iaoiaeee aeine?aeaeaiiy, cae?eniaii? aenia?eiaio?a,
iaoeiaiio aiae?c? ? ocaaaeueiaii? ?acoeueoao?a, ?ic?iaoe? ?iaeaia?ieo
??oaiue. O ?iaioao [16,23] iei aeeiiaii iinoaiiaeo caaea/, aiae?c
?iaeaia?ieo ??oaiue, oi?ioethaaiiy aeniiae?a; [17,18] –
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy yeno?oaeao?a aiieneaeieo iie?ia??a;
[19] – ia?eaoeiaia? aeine?aeaeaiiy oa aeiiii?/i? ?ic?aooiee; [20] –
iaoeiaa iaa?oiooaaiiy iaoiaeeee; [21,24] – iinoaiiaeo caaea/, aiae?c ?
ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a; [22,25] – ?ic?aooiie aaciaaia?aoi?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeenue ia I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Eiiiiceoeeiiiua
iaoa?eaeu. Oaoiieiaey e i?iecaiaenoai” (I?n/aia, 1994), iaoeia?e
eiioa?aioe?? “I?eiaiaiea eeaaauo eiiiiceoeee a ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa
Oe?aeiu” (?aiaoi??y, 1994), I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“Yeieiaey i?iiuoeaiiiai ?aaeiia” (Aeiiaoeuee, 1995), Anaoe?a?inuee?e
eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/aii? 75-e ??/ieoe? OAeIO ?i. Ae?aaiiaiiaa
(Ee?a,1995), I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Neioaoe/aneea niieu e
ieanoiannu. Oaoiieiaey i?iecaiaenoaa e i?eiaiaiea a io?aneyo
i?iiuoeaiiinoe” (Neiea, 1995), ni?euei?e XV AIRAPT ? XXXIII EHPRG
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “High pressure science and technology”
(Aa?oaaa, 1995), III Ana?in?enuee?e eiioa?aioe?? “No?oeoo?a e aeeiaieea
iieaeoey?iuo nenoai” (sseue/ee, 1996), IV eiioa?aioe?? ii
?ioaineo?eaoe?? iaooio?i?/ieo i?ioean?a “Iaooaoeiey – 96”
(Ieaeiueieainuee, 1996), I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“Nia?aiaiiua i?iaeaiu iaoeiino?iaiey e oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann”
(Naaanoiiieue, 1996), I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“I?ia?anneaiua oaoiieiaee iaoeiino?iaiey e nia?aiaiiinoue”
(Naaanoiiieue, 1997), ae?oa?e O?aeuenuee?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iaoeiaieea
iieeia?u e aeaieiua oaoiieiaee oaoie/aneie oeiee” (Ia?iue, 1997),
?in?enuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iiaua iaoa?eaeu e
oaoiieiaee” (Iineaa, 1997), 49 ?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
(Eacaiue, 1998), I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“Eiaanoeoeeiiiia i?iaeoe?iaaiea onoie/eaiai ?aaeiiaeueiiai ?acaeoey”
(E?aiaoi?nuee, 1998), iaoeiaiio nai?ia?? “Yeiiiie/aneea i?iaeaiu
iaania/aiey yia?aaoe/aneie aaciianiinoe” (Eo?aoiai, 1998), I?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iieeia?iua eiiiiceou – 98” (Aiiaeue,
1998), 10-e I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? ii iaoai?oe? eiiiiceoieo
iaoa??ae?a (?eaa, 1998), iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo Aeiiaanueei?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e (Iae??aea, 1996 ?
1998).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ci?no ?iaioe a?aeia?aaeaii a 51 iaoeia?e i?aoe?, o oiio
/ene? iiiia?ao??, iaa/aeueiiio iin?aieeo, 23 noaooyo, 11 iaoaioao ia
aeiaoiaee, 15 oacao aeiiia?aeae.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c
anooio, oanoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae (338
iaeiaioaaiue), oanoe aeiaeaoe?a. Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? aeeth/a? 353
noi??iee, o oiio /ene? 66 iaethie?a ia 55 noi??ieao, 36 oaaeeoeue
ianyaii 24 noi??iee. Aeiaeaoee caaaeueiei ianyaii 128 noi??iie
neeaaeathoue ie?aio /anoeio.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? ina?oeaiee noai i?iaeaie ? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie,
noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue, a?aecia/ai? iaoeiaa
iiaecia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a, iniaenoee aianie
caeiaoaa/a.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Iai?yiee i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aenieoaoaoe??
nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy” i?iaiae?ciaai? iaea?eueo aaaeeea? ieoaiiy
aenieoaoaoe?? aaci?iciiae?eueii? nenoaie – ?icaeyioo? o? ?? aeaiaioe,
a?aeiiaa a ?iaio? yeeo i?ecaiaeeoue aei cia/ieo iaoa??aeueieo ao?ao ?
iaaaaeaieo aeieia?/ieo iane?aee?a; aeeiiaiee iaeyae iayaieo ?ic?iaie a
iaeano? o?aooaaiiy aeo?aoe i?e?iaeiiai aaco; a?aeia?aaeaia i?iaeaia
?aoe?iiaeueiiai niiaeeaaiiy aaco.

O ia?oiio i?ae?icae?e? nenoaiaoeciaai? aeai? ii oaoi?/i?e ae?aaiinoeoe?
o?oaii?ia?aeieo nenoai; iaaiai?ththoueny i?e/eie aeieeiaiiy aeaoaeo?a o
OI, ui i?ecaiaeyoue aei ?oiueiai ?oeioaaiiy; ?icaeyaea?oueny eiiieaen
no/anieo iaoiae?a, ye? canoiniaothoueny aeey nai?/aniiai aeyaeaiiy ciino
oa ooeiaeaeaiue OI. ?icaeyioo? caoiaee uiaei aeyaeaiiy i?noeue aeoieo
aaco. Iieacaii, ui iacaaaeath/e ia iayai?noue aaeeei? e?eueeino?
??ciiiai?oieo iaoiaeee ? i?eeaae?a, i?ecia/aieo aeey aecia/aiiy
?icaa?iaoecaoe?? aacii?ia?aeieo ia?aae, on? aiie iathoue ?yae
iaaeie?e?a. O ca’yceo c oeei ? iaiao?aei?noue iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo
oeueiai iai?yieo, ianaiia?aae caniiaaiiai ia canoinoaaii? iaoiaeo
?io?a/a?aiii? niaeo?ineii??.

Ae?oaee i?ae?icae?e i?enay/aiee eiino?oeoe?eiei ? oaoiieia?/iei ieoaiiyi
c’?aeiaiiy ? a?aeiiaeaiiy OI. A?aecia/a?oueny, ui a inoaii? ?iee oe?iea
aeei?enoaiiy iaea?aeaee eeaeia? oaoiieia?? ?aiiioo, ye? iathoue ieceo
ia?aaaa o ii??aiyii? c? caa?thaaiiyi. Aeeiiaii aiae?c aeei?enoiaoaaieo
eea?a ? niinia?a noai?aiiy eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue, ?icaeyioo? ieoaiiy
aaeaac?eii? i?oeiino?. Iieacaii, ui aeey iaoaeaaeo OI oey i?iaeaia
aeinoaoiuei aeia?a aeine?aeaeaia ? a oe?eiio ae??oaia. O oie aea /an
neeathaaiiy iie?aoeeaiiaeo OI, ui iathoue aaeeeo ia?niaeoeao
canoinoaaiiy a Oe?a?i?, – neeaaeia oaoi?/ia caaea/a, yea iio?aao?
ianoaiaea?oiiai i?aeoiaeo aeey ?? ??oaiiy.

O o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? iaaiai?th?oueny i?iaeaia i?aeaeuaiiy
iaae?eiino? onoaoeoaaiiy ? i?eeaae?a, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny o nenoai?
aaci?iciiae?eo; inai?iiy iiaeo ?ano?nicaa??aath/eo oaoiieia?e o noa??
niiaeeaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai aaco. C?iaeaii aeoeaio ia ?yae? iaea?eueo
a?aeiia?aeaeueieo aeaiaio?a nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy, ?aoe?iiaeueia ?
no?eea ooieoe?iioaaiiy yeeo o cia/i?e i??? aecia/a? ?? aoaeoeai?noue.

?en.1. Noaia nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy oa iai?yie?a i?aeaeuaiiy ??
aoaeoeaiino?.

Iaeyae e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae (i?aoe? I.I.?ii?ia, A.O.??iaeiaa,
?.I.Ea?ia, ss.I.Oi?/einueeiai, A.A.Oeoei, ?.?.sseiae?aa oa ?i.) iieacaa,
ui ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaii? i?iaeaie iiaeeeaa o?eueee a iaaeao eiioeaioe??
nenoaiii? ca’yciino?, ca?aeii c yeith cieaeaiiy iaae?eiino? aoaeue-yei?
eaiee a no?oeoo?? oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy ciaioo? eiai iaae?ei?noue a
oe?eiio. Oiaoi i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aaci?iciiae?eueii? nenoaie iio?aao? eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo, yeee
ioiieth? aaeoc? o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?iciiae?eo, iae?eo aeo?aoe oa
niiaeeaaiiy aaco. Aiae?c noaio ieoaiiy aeicaieea aeyaeoe “aocuee?”
i?noey aaci?iciiae?eueii? nenoaie, anoaiiaeoe i??i?eoaoe a iai?yieao
aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? ?ethno?o? noaia, ui i?eaaaeaia ia ?en.1 (iaaaaeaii
ioieoe?ii).

A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Oa?aeoa?enoeea ia’?eo?a ? iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue”
iaaaaeaia ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i aeei?enoai? iaoa??aee c iaa?oiooaaiiyi
?oiueiai aeai?o, ae?iaao ? i?eno?iyo, niiniaao iaea?aeaiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueieo c?ace?a, iaoiaeao aeine?aeaeaiue ? aei?iaoaaiue.

A?aoiaoth/e i?aeoe/io ni?yiiaai?noue ?iaioe, i?e ?? aeeiiaii?
aeei?enoiaoaaeenue iaoa??aee i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa: aiieneaei?
niieoee ia iniia? aiieneaeiiae?aiiaeo ? ae?oaoe/ieo niie oa ai?iieo ?
aia?ae?eaeieo oaa?aeiee?a; oeeee?/i? ea?aiiaoe; ??ciiiai?oi? aeiiii?aei?
iaoa??aee (neeino??/ea, eao/oe, neeyi? ? eai?iiia? aieieia, iaoaeaaa
aieieii oa ?i.).

C?acee c iie?ia??a iaea?aeoaaee caeeaaiiyi eiiiiceoe?e o niaoe?aeuei?
oi?ie ? ianooiiei oaa?ae?iiyi. Aeaoi?ioaaiiy aeeiioaaee iaoiaeaie
oaa?aeioacii? aeno?oc?? ? aei?ioaaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeanoeainoae
aiieneaeieo eiiiiceoe?e ? iie?ia??a cae?enithaaee eiiieaenii c
aeei?enoaiiyi no/anieo iaoiaeee: aecia/aiiy ai?noo aiieneaeieo a?oi ?
oi/ee aaeaooai?aiiy; oa?iiiaoai?/iiai aiae?co; aei???a aonoeie,
i?e?ioaa?aeino?, iai?oaeaiue oa?iionaaeee; aecia/aiiy i?oei?noieo ?
aaeaac?eieo oa?aeoa?enoee i?e noeniaii?, ?icoyc?, a?aeoa?iaoaaii?,
cnoa?, ??aiii??iiio a?ae?ea?. Oaeee i?aeo?ae ni?eya aeinyaiaiith o ieo,
a inoaoi/iiio i?aenoieo, iioeiaeueiiai niieo/aiiy oaoiieia?/ieo ?
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee. Cacia/ai? iaoa??aee canoiniaoaaee i?e
?ic?iaoe? oaoiieia?e ?aiiioo OI.

C?acee o?eueo?iaeaiaio?a ?c iaoaeaaeo i?e?iaieieii iaea?aeoaaee iaoiaeii
aieeieoaaiiy ? ianooiiiai aaeooiiiai ni?eaiiy, i?e?iaieieia – iaeaoiei
a?ae?ii?anoaaiiyi.

Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy aenieoaoaoe?eieo ? oaoi?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ae?ia?a ?
i?eno?i?a (o?oai? c’?aeiaiiy, o?eueo?e, ?aaoeyoi?e oeneo, ia?aoai?thaa/?
aeo?aoe aaco) aoee aeaioiaeai? noaiaee aeey aei?iaoaaiue ? ?ic?iaeai?
a?aeiia?aei? iaoiaeeee.

Aeey io?eiaiiy aeinoia??ieo aenia??iaioaeueieo aeaieo ?acoeueoaoe iieo?a
ia?iaethaaee ia eiii`thoa?? iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “?ic?iaea oaoiieia?? c’?aeiaiiy o?oaii?iaiae?a ?c
aeei?enoaiiyi o?oeia?a, ui oa?iionaaeaeothoueny, ?c ?aaeoiieano?a”
aea?oueny o?ce/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ?ic?iaee; i?iaiae?ciaai? neeaaee
oa?ii?aaeoeaieo eiiiiceoe?e, i?eaeaoieo aeey iaea?aeaiiy ae?ia?a c
oa?iionaaeeith; iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oa?iionaaeee;
iienai? niiniae iaea?aeaiiy o?oeia?a c oa?iionaaeeith; ?icaeyioo?
??ciiiai?oi? aa??aioe aeaioiaeaiiy o?oaieo ioooi-eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue ?
aeeiiai? ?ic?aooiee ?oi?o i?oei?noieo oa?aeoa?enoee.

Aea/aiiy iiaeeeaino? ?aae?caoe?? aoaeoo oa?iionaaeee a ?aaeoiieanoao
i?iaiaeeee ia aiieneaeieo iie?ia?ao (AI) c a?aeiinii iaaenieith
aoaeoeaiith u?euei?noth coeaee ( 21020 ni-3), ui oyaeyee niaith noi?o
aonoin?o/anoi? ? ??aeein?o/anoi? neeaaeiaeo ?c aei?noeeie ia?eoa??eieie
? aio/eeie aioo??oi?ie i?aeaoceiaeie eaioethaaie (eiiiaoiae OI-5-184-1).
Anoaiiaeaii, ui caeaaei?noue i?e?ioaa?aeino? AI, aeaoi?iiaaieo i?e
e?iiaoi?e oaiia?aoo?? (neeiaeaeiee noai), a?ae nooiaiy aeaoi?iaoe?? ia?
iaiiiioiiiee oa?aeoa? ?c iaeneioiii, ui ?ethno?o? eiieo?aioe?th
i?ioean?a i??aioaoe?eiiai ci?oeiaiiy ? ciai?oeiaiiy, iaoiiaeaiiai
?iciooaiiyi n?oee. O aeiaaeeo iie?ia??a, aeaoi?iiaaieo i?e i?aeaeuaieo
oaiia?aoo?ao (aenieiaeanoe/iee noai) ?c ianooiiei “caii?iaeoaaiiyi”
iai?oaeaiiai noaio, iaeneioi i?e?ioaa?aeino? a?aeiia?aea? a?eueo aenieei
cia/aiiyi nooiaiy aeaoi?iaoe??. Oiaoi a oiiaao, eiee ?ooeea?noue
iae?iiieaeoey?ieo eaioetha?a o ii??aiyii? c? neeiaeaeiei iie?ia?ii
?noioii c?inoa?, aaee/eia aeaoi?iaoe??, i?e ye?e ii/eia?oueny ?oeioaaiiy
n?oee, ca?eueoo?oueny, ui ciaoiaeeoue a?aeia?aaeaiiy a cnoa? iaeneioio
i?e?ioaa?aeino? oa?e aaeeeeo aeaoi?iaoe?e. A?aeiiaeaiiy aeo?aeieo
?ici???a o aeaoi?iiaaieo c?ace?a AI i?e iaa??aaii? ?o o a?eueiiio noai?
ii/eia?oueny i?e oaiia?aoo?? O, yea iaioa ca oaiia?aoo?o neeoaaiiy On, ?
cae?i/o?oueny i?e O On aeinyaiaiiyi 100% aoaeoo. A iniia? iaoai?cio
oa?iionaaeee eaaeaoue i?ioeane cai?oaiiy i?aeaoceiaeo o?aaiaio?a, ye?
i???ioiaai? i?e oaa?aeioaci?e aeoyaeoe? ocaeiaae in? aeaoi?iaoe??.

Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeicaieeee aea?aoe aeo?aeio iie?ia?io eiiiiceoe?th
aeey i?iaaaeaiiy iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiue ? iine?aeiai?noue
oaoiieia?/ieo i?eeii?a aeinyaiaiiy iai?oaeaiiai noaio iie?ia?o,
iaiao?aeiiai aeey ?aae?caoe?? aoaeoo oa?iionaaeee. Ine?eueee i?e
aeaioiaeaii? o?oaieo c’?aeiaiue iio??aia iayai?noue ae?ia?a, ui
oa?iionaaeaeothoueny, o?oa/anoi? oi?ie, cae?enithaaee aeaoi?iaoe?th
o?oa/anoi? caaioiaee iaoiaeii aei?ioaaiiy. Nooue cai?iiiiiaaiiai niiniao
neeaaeaeanue a oaeiio: aeo?aeio caaioiaeo, yeo iaea?aeoaaee caeeaaiiyi ?
oaa?ae?iiyi aiieneaeii? eiiiiceoe?? a niaoe?aeuei?e oi?i?, oeyoii
iaa??aaiiy ia?aaiaeeee o aenieiaeanoe/iee noai; iaeyaaee ia aei?i;
ioieiaeaeoaaee ia aei?i? ia 20..30 N ieae/a On ? ci?iaee c aei?ia.

C iaoith aecia/aiiy aaciai? ?aoeaioo?e AI ia?aa??aiee ia iiaeeea?noue
aeaioiaeaiiy o?oa/anoeo c?ace?a c oa?iionaaeeith ?yae eiiiiceoe?e, ye?
a?ae??ciythoueny ii neeaaeo niieyii? /anoeie ? oeio oaa?aeieea.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui /a?ac aenieo aei?noe?noue eiiiiceoe?? ia iniia?
aiieneaeiiae?aiiaeo niie AAe-8, AAe-16, AAe-20 ? o?aaeeoe?eieo
oaa?aeiee?a (ae?aiao-O, ?ci-IOAOA) aeey oe??? oe?e? ia i?aeoiaeyoue. O
ca’yceo c oeei aoee ?ic?iaeai? neeaaee iiaeeo?eiaaieo aiieneaeieo
eiiiiceoe?e aia?ae?eaeiiai oaa?ae?iiy ?c oe?ieei ?ioa?aaeii On. O oaae.
1 iaaaaeai? ?oi? oa?aeoa?enoeee ca aeaieie oa?iiiaoai?/iiai aiae?co (On,
oaiia?aoo?a ia?aoiaeo o aenieiaeanoe/iee noai Oa.a) ? cia/aiiy nooiaiy
aeaoi?iaoe?? o?oa/anoi? caaioiaee, i?e yeeo ua ia niinoa??aaeiny
o??ueiiooai?aiiy (wmetafile8? ??U???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????@
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyya ??o?????&??MathType????
???u?????????”????-??????8????a???uAth??????

Oaaeeoey 1

Aeanoeaino? iiaeeo?eiaaieo AI

Eiiiiceoe?y OnOa.a,
%NAI-1506217AI-2526517AI-3799217AI-410812117AI-5708323

C oaae. 1 aeaeii, ui e?auith aeaoi?ioaai?noth aieiae?? AI-5. Oea –
aiieneeao/oeiaa eiiiiceoe?y aia?ae?eaeiiai oaa?ae?iiy. Oaoiieia?y ??
i?eaiooaaiiy aeinoaoiuei neeaaeia, ai iio?aao? i?iaaaeaiiy o?eaaei?
aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? eiiaeainaoe??. Oiio ye aaciaa eiiiiceoe?y iaie
ia?aia AI-1, o eio?i?, oi/a ? ieae/a cia/aiiy , aea a?eueo i?inoa
i?ioeaaeo?a i?eaiooaaiiy. AI-1 yaey? niaith noi?o neeaaeiiai
ae?ae?oeeae?eiaiai ao??o ? aeieie?aiia?o c ae?oaoe/ii? niiee ? eeneiai
ie?aiao??o, ui oaa?aeia i?ae ae??th ?ci-IOAOA a i?enooiino?
i?enei?thaa/a OI-606/2.

?icaeyiooa iiaeeea?noue iaea?aeaiiy iooo, ui oa?iionaaeaeothoueny, c
a?eueo aenieeie i?oei?noieie iieacieeaie. Iinoaaeaio caaea/o ae??ooaaee
oeyoii aaaaeaiiy a aaciao eiiiiceoe?th aieieienoeo iaiiaithaa/?a:
eai?iio ? neea. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aaaaeaiiy iaiiaithaa/?a ?noioii
i?aeaeuo? aei?noe?noue iaoa??aeo o aenieiaeanoe/iiio noai?, i?ioa i?e
oeueiio ??cei cieaeo?oueny a?aie/ia cia/aiiy . I?aeoe/iee ?ioa?an oyaey?
eiiiiceoe?y c? neeiaieieiii i?e ai?no? inoaiiueiai aei 2 ian. %. O
ii??aiyii? c aaciaith aiia ia? oae? ae, ye o ia?,
aeaoi?iaoe?eii-i?oei?noi? oa?aeoa?enoeee a neeiaeaeiiio noai?, aea a 3
?ace aeua aei?noe?noue ? a 1,5 ?ace – i?oei?noue o aenieiaeanoe/iiio
noai?.

E??i iooo, cai?iiiiiaaiee niin?a iaea?aeaiiy c AI a?aeaiae?a, o??eiee?a,
o?anoiaei, ui oa?iionaaeaeothoueny. C iaoith iie?ioaiiy oaoi?/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee iooo, ye? aenieoaoothoueny a aeno?aiaeueieo oiiaao,
?aeiiaiaeiaaia caoenia ciai?oiy aooeea ?c ieanoe/iiai iaoa??aeo. Aiia
aeaioiaey?oueny c oa?iiieanoe/iiai iie?ia?o (iie?ieao?io) ? aieiae??, ye
? aioo??oiy ioooa, aoaeoii oa?iionaaeee. ?aaeeie onaaeee iaio iooo
i?ae?a?ai? oae, uia o aeo?aeiiio noai? ? i?e iaa??aaii? aeaii?
aeaioa?iai? eiino?oeoe?? iino?eii caa??aaany iaoya, oiaoi i?aoethaaa
aoaeo aaiaeaaeoaaiiy.

Aeey oni?oiiai i?aeoe/iiai cae?eniaiiy eeaeiaiai c’?aeiaiiy
oaiia?aoo?ii-/ania? ?aaeeie onaaeee ioooe ? oaa?ae?iiy eeath
neio?ii?ciaai? oaeei /eiii, uia nii/aoeo a?aeaoaaany i?ioean onaaeee
ioooe, a i?ney eiai caaa?oaiiy – oaa?ae?iiy eeath. sse eeae aeey
c’?aeiaiue, ui ?icaeyaeathoueny, ?ic?iaeaia aiieneaeia eiiiiceoe?y
ai?iiiai oaa?ae?iiy ia iniia? aeieie?aiia?o aiieneae?aiiai? ?
aiieneae?oaoe/ii? niie, eiiieaen aeanoeainoae yei? caaeiaieueiya
iinoaaeai?e caaea/?.

Ine?eueee ye?noue eeaeiaiai c’?aeiaiiy cia/iith i??ith caeaaeeoue a?ae
i?aeaioiaee iiaa?oiiue, ui neeaththoueny, o ?iaio? aea/aiee aieea
niiniao ia?iaee iiaa?oi? o?oa ia i?oei?noi? oa?aeoa?enoeee c’?aeiaiue.
O oaae. 2 iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe a?ae?aae?/ieo aei?iaoaaiue eeaeiaeo
c’?aeiaiue iie?aoeeaiiaeo ? noaeaaeo o?oa, ye? aeeiiai? c aeei?enoaiiyi
ioooe, ui oa?iionaaeaeo?oueny. Aeoeaaoe?th iiaa?oi? iie?aoeeaia
cae?enithaaee oeyoii iaianaiiy iaaeeaieeo ian?/ie ?c ianooiiei
o?aaeaiiyi o?iiiaith noi?ooth aai ciaaee?aiiyi aoeaoiiii. Iiaa?oiy
noaeaaeo o?oa i/euoaaeanue ? ciaaee?thaaeanue. Ooo d- ciai?oi?e ae?aiao?
o?oa, ui c’?aeiothoueny; ? – a?aie/iee oene ??aeeie; ? – iai?oaeaiiy
?oeioaaiiy eeaeiaiai i?ioa?eo, ?ic?aoiaaia ca cia/aiiyie ? ? ?ici???a
ioooe oa o?oae.

Oaaeeoey 2

?acoeueoaoe a?ae?aae?/ieo aei?iaoaaiue o?oaieo c’?aeiaiue

Oa?aeoa?enoeea c?aeiaiiy d, ii P, MIa P, MIa O?oaa iie?aoeeaiiaa,
o?aaeaiiy 63 2,5 1,8 O?oaa iie?aoeeaiiaa, ciaaee?aiiy 63 1,4 1,5 O?oaa
iie?aoeeaiiaa, o?aaeaiiy* 63 1,8 0,9 O?oaa iie?aoeeaiiaa, ciaaee?aiiy,
i?oaeia aooeea 63 2,3 1,8 O?oaa iie?aoeeaiiaa, ciaaee?aiiy, aaiaeaae 63
4,2 1,6O?oaa noaeaaa, oe?eueiioyaiooa19 10 3,7

O?oaa noaeaaa, caa?aia19 6 2,2 O?oaa noaeaaa, oe?eueiioyaiooa38 5,6
2,0* ioooa, ui ia onaaeaeo?oueny

C oaae. 2 aeaeii, ui aoaeo oa?iionaaeee ni?ey? iaea?aeaiith i?e ?ioeo
iaeiaeiaeo oiiaao a?eueo i?oeiiai eeaeiaiai c’?aeiaiiy. Oea iiaea aooe
iaoiiaeaii ye aeinyaiaiiyi iaea?eueo oiieiai eeaeiaiai i?ioa?eo, oae ?
iaeii/aniith ae??th caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue onaaeee. A ?acoeueoao?
cieaeothoueny aeiiae aei nooiaiy aeoeaaoe?? iiaa?oi? o?oa: i?e
aeei?enoaii? iooo, ui oa?iionaaeaeothoueny, aeinoaoiuei aeeiiaoe
ciaaee?aiiy iaoai?/ii ia?iaeaii? iiaa?oi?, ia aeeiioth/e a?eueo
neeaaeii? aeey iieueiaeo oiia i?ioeaaeo?e o?i?/ii? ia?iaee, uia iaoe
i?eeiyoia cia/aiiy ?. Canoinoaaiiy i?oaeii? oiieino?iii? ?ic??cii?
aooeee, ui ?ici?uo?oueny cna?aaeeie o?oae a i?noe? c’?aeiaiiy, aai
aaiaeaaea ?c neeino??/ee, i?ini/aii? aiieneaeiith eiiiiceoe??th, iiaa?o
ioooe iie?auo? i?oei?noi? oa?aeoa?enoeee c’?aeiaiiy (oaae.2).

Aeeiiaii oai?aoe/iee aiae?c i?oei?noieo oa?aeoa?enoee cai?iiiiiaaieo
o?oaieo ioooi-eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue. C oe??th iaoith aeine?aeaeai?
iai?oaeaiiy, ui aeieeathoue a aeaiaioao c’?aeiaiiy o aeiaaeeao, eiee aei
o?oa i?eeeaaeaia inueiaa iaaaioaaeaiiy , ui ?icoyao?, ? inaneiao?e/ia
?aae?aeueia iaaaioaaeaiiy, iaoiiaeaia oeneii o o?oa? ? oa?iionaaeeith
ioooe. Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e ?icoyc? aeioe/i? iai?oaeaiiy a eeaeiaiio
i?ioa?eo aecia/athoueny ii oi?ioe?:

wmetafile8? ?????? ????????
?????????????yyy????.??????1?????????????
aa???&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/2yyy ??aea C1, C2, – ooieoe?? ia?aiao??a
ioooi-eeaeiaiai c’?aeiaiiy; x – iioi/ia a?aenoaiue a?ae oi?oey o?oae,
a?aeianaia aei iieiaeie aeiaaeeie ioooe. Ia iniia? (1) ? ??aiyiiy
??aiiaaae io?eiai? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeey ?ic?aooieo iai?oaeaiue. ?o
ye?niee aiae?c iieaco?, ui aeioe/i? iai?oaeaiiy iathoue i?i?ioi a
na?aaei?e /anoei? ni?yaeaiiy ioooe ?c o?oaith. Oiio iniaeeao oaaao o?aaa
i?eae?eyoe iaaeai c’?aeiaiiy. Oe? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeicaieythoue
i?ae?a?aoe oae? cia/aiiy aeiaaeeie ioooe, ieiu? ?? ia?aoeio, oiaueie
eeaeiaiai i?ioa?eo oa i?oaeii? oa?aeoa?enoeee eeath, uia i?oei?noue
ioooiaiai c’?aeiaiiy ia ?ic?ea aoea iaeneiaeueiith ca oiiae i?i?i?caoe??
aeo?ao ia oea c’?aeiaiiy.

A iniiao ?ic?aooieo iai?oaeaiue, ui aeieeathoue i?e oa?iionaaeoe? ioooe,
iieeaaeai? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy a?aeiii? caaea/? i?i iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee
noai o?oae i?e ae?? aioo??oiueiai ? ciai?oiueiai oeneo. Anoaiiaeaii, ui
aaee/eia ieoiiiai coneeey ia eiioaeo? i?ae ioooith oa o?oaith:

wmetafile8? ??7??? ????????
?????????????yyy????.??????1????????????? 
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyya??X?????&?
?MathType?????u????????????-?????E???ae???k???
H ???uAth??????aea o, Ao – a?aeiia?aeii eiao?oe??io Ioanniia,
iiaeoeue THiaa iaoa??aeo o?oae; ho – oiaueia no?iee o?oae; Ai – iiaeoeue
THiaa iaoa??aeo ioooe; hi – oiaueia no?iee ioooe; d0 – ae?aiao? o?oae; ,
– ooieoe?? ia?aiao??a ioooe ? o?oae. Aiae?c ni?aa?aeiioaiiy (2)
iieacaa, ui aeey ciaioaiiy caeiath/eo iai?oaeaiue ia oi?oeyo ioooiaiai
c’?aeiaiiy iaiao?aeii aei oi?oe?a ieaaii ciaiooaaoe ciai?oi?e ae?aiao?
ioooe.

?icaeoeii oe??? caaea/? ? ?ic?aooiie iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio
aeaioa?iai? ioooe , ui oa?iionaaeaeo?oueny, aeey eio?i? oaeiae io?eiai?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy, ye? aeicaieythoue i?aaeeueii aea?aoe ?? ia?aiao?e.
Cie?aia, iieacaii, ui iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiith aoaea aeaioa?iaa ioooa, aeey
yei? ??cieoey aieiaieo iai?oaeaiue i?e r = ai aei??aith? ?oi?e ??cieoe?
i?e r = bi (r – ?aae?on oi/ee a o?e? ioooe; ai, bi – a?aeiia?aeii
aioo??oi?e ? ciai?oi?e ?aae?one ioooe i?ney ?? onaaeee o a?eueiiio
noai?).

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “?ic?iaea eeaeiaeo oaoiieia?e c’?aeiaiiy ?
a?aeiiaeaiiy iie?aoeeaiiaeo aacii?iaiae?a” iaa?oioiaaiee aea?? aaciai?
aiieneaeii? eiiiiceoe?? aeey ianooiii? iiaeeo?eaoe??, ni?yiiaaii? ia
caaacia/aiiy iaiao?aeii? eiaac?eii? ? aaeaac?eii? i?oeiino? eeaeiaeo
c’?aeiaiue; iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oaoiieia?/ieo
aeanoeainoae iiaeeo?eiaaieo eeaeiaeo eiiiiceoe?e; iienai? iniaeeaino?
?aiiioo iie?aoeeaiiaeo OI iaoiaeii aaiaeaaeoaaiiy neeino??/eith ?c
canoinoaaiiyi neeiieanoeeiaeo iooo ? i?iiaaeaacea?a; iaaaaeaiee
oai?aoe/iee aiae?c i?oei?noieo oa?aeoa?enoee ioooi-eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue.

Iaea?eueoa canoinoaaiiy i?e iiioaaeieo ? ?aiiioieo ?iaioao ciaeoee
aiieneaei? eea? “oieiaeiiai” oaa?ae?iiy. Aeey cieaeaiiy e?eoeino?
aiieneaeieo eiiiiceoe?e, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny ye iniiaa oaeeo eea?a, a
ieo aaiaeyoue ieanoeo?eaoi?e aai aeoeai? ?ic??aeaeoaa/?, cie?aia,
ae?oaoe/i? a?ooieoe?iiaeuei? ae?oeeae?eia? iio?aei?. C iaoith ioe?iee
aoaeoeaiino? ieanoeo?eaoe?? i?iaaaeai? ii??aiyeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy c
iiaeeo?eaoe?? aiieneaeii? eiiiiceoe?? AAe-20 – AeAOA, ui oe?iei
canoiniao?oueny. sse ieanoeo?eaoi? aeei?enoiaoaaee aeeaoo?eooaeao,
ae?oaoe/io niieo AeAA–1 , ae?oeeeeiea?aiiao ia iniia? AeAA–1 ? ?yae
?ioeo niieoe. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iiaeeo?eaoe?y aiieneai?iii? eiiiiceoe??
AAe–20 – AeAOA ?aaeoe?eiicaeaoieie aiieneaeieie ? oeeeeiea?aiiaoieie
ie?aiia?aie aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe aeinoaoiuei aenieo eiaac?eio ?
aaeaac?eio i?oei?noue eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue. Iaie ia?aiee iaea?eueo
i?inoee aa??aio iiaeeo?eaoe?? – ie?aiia?ii AeAA–1, ui na??eii
aeionea?oueny.

Aeey noai?aiiy eeath c oaeaeeei oaa?ae?iiyi, ui i?aoeacaeaoiee a
?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? 0-25C ? aieiae?? aenieeie aenieoaoaoe?eieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao ia aeanoeaino?
aaciai? eiiiiceoe?? oaeeo iiaeeo?eaoi??a, ye ea?aieneeai?uoth/?
aooiae??iae?eeii?o??euei? eao/oee (NEI-10eo?, NEI-30eo?A),
e?aceeae?oeeae?eiaee ao?? (OI-616), iie?aoeeneeienai (AON-32). sse
nenoaio aeey oaa?ae?iiy aeei?enoiaoaaee noi?o AeAOA-OI-583. Aaaaeaiiy
cacia/aieo niieoe ni?eyei cieaeaiith a’yceino? niieyiiai eiiiiiaioa,
i?aeaeuaiith aiaeino?eeino?, ii?icino?eeino?, aeaoi?iaoe?eii-i?oei?noieo
ia?aiao??a eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue.

I?iaaaeaii iioei?caoe?th neeaaeo ?ic?iaeaiiai eeath, ui aeicaieeea
?aae?coaaoe aeinoaoiuei aenie? i?oei?noi? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?e i?eeiyoi?e
a’yceino? eiiiiceoe??. Iai?eeeaae, ii??aiyiiy c a?aeiiei eea?i ia?ee AII
iieacaei, ui oaa?ae?iiy ?ic?iaeaiiai eeath aaea i?ioyaii 2-4 aiaeei
caaacia/o? aeinyaiaiiy 50-70% e?ioeaai? a?aieoe? i?oeiino?, a a AII oeae
iieaciee ia ii?yaeie ieae/a. Eeae iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe ? i?e cieaeaieo
oaiia?aoo?ao (0-50N): ca 6-12 aiaeei oaa?ae?iiy i?oei?noue eeaeiaeo
c’?aeiaiue iaoae?a aeinyaa? a?eueo 10IIa. Aaeaac?ei? aeanoeaino? eea?a
iaaaaeai? a oaae.3, aea 3, ?.a – a?aeiia?aeii iai?oaeaiiy ?oeioaaiiy i?e
cnoa? oa ??aiii??iiio a?ae?ea?.

Oaaeeoey 3

Aaeaac?ei? aeanoeaino? eea?a i?e neeathaaii? ??ciiiai?oieo noano?ao?a
(25 N/24 aiae)

Noano?aoe, ui neeaththouenyC, IIa?.A, IIa?ic?iaea-iee
eeaeAII?ic?iaea-iee eeaeAIINoaeue20-224-632-3810-12Aethi?i.
Nieaa17-194-631-374-8I?aeue7-85-6Noaeue
ia?ae.30-324-8Ea?ai?ea14-164-6Oaenoie?o51.5-218-1213-14Neeiieanoee6-81.5
-2Iie?aoeeai3.5-40.6-0.8

Ii??aiyeuei? aei?iaoaaiiy c iaiiaeeo?eiaaieie eeayie ai?iiiai
oaa?ae?iiy iieacaee, ui ?ic?iaeaiee eeae ca oaeaee?noth iaai?o
i?oeiin-o? i?e oaa?ae?ii? a iaeano? oaiia?aoo? 20-25N ? 0-5N,
aaeaac?eieie aeanoeainoyie i?e neeathaaii? ??ciiiai?oieo noano?ao?a,
aenieoaoaoe?eieie aeanoeainoyie (aaeaac?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?e
i?aeaeuaieo (aei 80-100N) ? cieaeaieo (aei -40N) oaiia?aoo?ao, aieea
aieiae ? oa?iioeeeeoaaiiy) ia? ?noioio ia?aaaao ia?aae a?aeiieie eeayie,
ui aeioneathoueny i?iieneia?noth. Oe? ia?aaaae aeicaieythoue
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe eiai aeey aeei?enoaiiy ye iaae?eiee eiino?oeoe?eiee eeae,
o oiio /ene? aeey ?aiiioo iaoaeaaeo ? iie?ia?ieo OI.

Aeey iie?aoeeaiiaeo OI ?ic?iaeaia oaoiieia?y ?aiiioo iaoiaeii
aaiaeaaeoaaiiy. Neeaaei?noue ?? ?aae?caoe?? a ii??aiyii? c iaoaeaaeie OI
iaoiiaeaia iecueeith iiaa?oiaaith aia?a??th iie?aoeeaio. C iaoith
onoiaiiy oe??? ia?aoeiaee canoiniaoaaee ?yae niinia?a aeoeaaoe??
iiaa?oi? iie?aoeeaio, ianaiia?aae ieenethaaiiy a iieoi’? aaciaiai
iaeueieea ? noi?oaie iai?aai?/ieo eeneio. Aea/aii aa??aioe ??ciiiai?oieo
aiieneaeieo eiiiiceoe?e, i?eaeaoieo aei aeei?enoaiiy i?e aaiaeaaeoaaii?
iie?aoeeaiiaeo OI neeino??/eith. Anoaiiaeaii, ui cai?iiiiiaaiei aeiiaai
iaee?aua caaeiaieueiythoue aeaieiiiiiaioi? neeaaee c? niieyii? /anoeie
(A) ? oaa?aeieea (A) – oaae. 4.

Oaoiieia?th ?aiiioo c aeei?enoaiiyi neeiieanoeeiaeo iooo ?
i?iiaaeaacea?a, ui cai?iiiiiaaia a ?iaio?, aeioe?eueii canoiniaoaaoe i?e
iaiao?aeiino? cai?ie ooeiaeaeaii? ae?eyiee iie?aoeeaiiaiai OI. Aiia
aeeth/a? oae? iia?aoe??: aeoeaaoe?th iiaa?oi? e?ioe?a o?oa; ?ici?uaiiy
neeiieanoeeiaeo iooo o i?noeyo noeeo o?oa ? anoaaee; caiiaiaiiy caci?o
i?ae ioooaie ? o?oaaie i?iiaaeaaceaii OI-4-257 aai OI-4-258 (e?aoi?noue
ni?ithaaiiy 2 – 3); oaa?ae?iiy i?iiaa?iaoeea. Iaiioeith aaiaeaaea ?c
neeino??/ee, i?ini/aii? eeaeiaith eiiiiceoe??th, aeinyaa?oueny
aeiaeaoeiaa ci?oeiaiiy ?aiiioiiai c’?aeiaiiy.

Oaaeeoey 4

Caeaaei?noue o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae eea?a a?ae neeaaeo
eiiiiceoe?e

Neeaae eiiiiceoe?e Aa??aioe neeaae?a, aeanoeaino?12345 Eiiiiiaio AAAe-20
70 80 757070Ienee?i –6A3020253030Eiiiiiaio AOI-583Ae—1416Aa?aeie
AO-2161415–AeAOA46564Aoeaoii58355Aeanoeaino? eea?aAiaeino?ee?noue
eeaeiaiai c?aeiaiiyNo?eeaNo?eeaNo?eeaNo?eeaNo?eea I?oei?noue ia
a?aeoa?oaaiiy, I/i500550600580530I?oei?noue ia a?aeoa?oaaiiy i?ney ae??
I2I i?e 80iN/140 aiae, I/i250280300200260

Ia a?aei?io a?ae c’?aeiaiue aaiaeaaeiiai oeio, ui aeinoaoiuei oe?iei
aeei?enoiaothoueny a i?aeoeoe? ?aiiioo OI, c’?aeiaiiy ?c canoinoaaiiyi
i?iiaaeaacea?a ? i?eioeeiiai iiaeie, oiio aeey ieo iio??aiee oai?aoe/iee
aiae?c i?oei?noieo aeanoeainoae. Aeine?aeaeoaaee iai?oaeaii –
aeaoi?iiaaiee noai ioooi-eeaeiaiai c’?aeiaiiy i?e ae?? aioo??oiueiai
oeneo ? iai?oaeaiiy, ui ?icoyao?. I?e oeueiio c’?aeiaiiy oyaeyee ye
o?eoa?iaee oeee?iae? ?c aioo??oi?i ii?enoei i?ioa?eii. A iniiao aiae?co
iieeaaeai? a?aeii? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeey iai?oaeaiue ? ci?uaiue, ui
aeieeathoue a iaeiioa?iaiio oeee?iae??. I?e ?icaeyae? o?eoa?iaiai
oeee?iae?a caaeiaieueiyeeny oiiae aacia?a?aiino? ?aae?aeueieo eiiiiiaio
iai?oaeaiue ? ci?uaiue ia iaaeao i?ae iaeiioa?iaeie oeee?iae?aie.
Iiaeoeue i?oaeiino? ii?enoiai oeee?iae?a (eeaeiaiai i?ioa?eo)
ia/enethaaee ii oi?ioe?:

A2=A20(1-)3/2, (3)

aea – ii?eno?noue eeath, A20 – iiaeoeue i?oaeiino? iniiae eeath.

C io?eiaieo aiae?oe/ieo ae?ac?a aeey ?aae?aeueiiai wmetafile8?
??3/4???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
????????a???&??yyyy?????Ayyyyyy ??-?????&?
?MathType??P????uAth??????wmetafile8? ??%???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
` ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy`???????&??MathType????
???u?????????”????-????? ???? «???uAth??????aea R –
aioo??oi?e ?aae?on o?oae, A3 – iiaeoeue i?oaeiino? ioooe, h2 – oiaueia
eeaeiaiai i?ioa?eo. sseui 0, oi wmetafile8? ??Oe???? ????????
?????????????yyy????.??????1?????????????
?????&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyyA??§?????&??MathType??p?
???uAth??????I?oei?noue c’?aeiaiiy aecia/aee c oiiae ao?aoe iano/i?
caeaoiino? eeaeiaiai i?ioa?eo. C o?aooaaiiyi oiai, ui wmetafile8?
??Y???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????``???&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy ???????&?
?MathType???? ???u?????????”????-????? @????
???u?y??????Aeey aeeiiaiiy i?aeoe/ieo ?ia?o ?c ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?ic?iaeaieo oaoiieia?e ?aiiioo aeaioiaeaia ia?o?y aioa/ie o e?eueeino?
40 oooe, ui ia?aaeai? niaoe?ae?noai oi?aae?iue aaciaiai ainiiaea?noaa
Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?. ?ic?iaea ?aeiiaiaeiaaia Aea?aeiaooiaaci?iiii aeey
inai?iiy ia an?e oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie.

O i’yoiio ?icae?e? “I?iaeaia o?aooaaiiy aeo?aoe aaco ? ia?niaeoeae ??
??oaiiy a Oe?a?i?” aeeiiaia e?euee?nia ioe?iea aeiiii?? aaco, ui
aeinyaa?oueny ca ?aooiie i?aeaeuaiiy oi/iino? iae?eo eiai aeo?aoe;
iienai? eiino?oeoeai? iniaeeaino? ?ic?iaeaieo iiaooiaeo aaciaeo
e?/eeueiee?a; iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ia?enoaeueoe/iiai
ia?aoai?thaa/a aeo?aoe aaco, iieeaaeaiiai a iniiao aacie?/eeueieea
“Aeiiaan-2000″; c?iaeaii oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa
iiaeo iiaooiaeo aaciaeo e?/eeueiee?a a Oe?a?i?; iaaiai?ththoueny
eiino?oeoe?y cai?iiiiiaaiiai aaciaiai o?eueo?o oiiei? i/enoee oa aeai?
aeine?aeaeaiue iaoaeiaieieiiaiai o?eueo?iaeaiaioo, ui aoiaeeoue aei eiai
neeaaeo.

Iniiaiei ?aca?aii aeiiii?? i?e?iaeiiai aaco ia noaae?? ?iciiae?eo ?
iioei?caoe?y oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano o?aooaaiiy, yea ?aae?co?oueny
iaoiaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy eiai oi/iino? aei aeiiii?/ii aeioe?eueieo iaae.
Iieacaii, ui oea iiaea aooe c?iaeaii ye ca ?aooiie i?aeaeuaiiy oi/iino?
iae?eiaeo i?eeaae?a, oae ? ia?aaeyaeii ii?i (aeaeaoeiaeo eiao?oe??io?a)
aiane?aeie ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?eueo oi/iiai o?aooaaiiy. A ?acoeueoao?
aeiiii?y aaco a iaoo?aeueieo iaeeieoeyo aei??o Na ciaoiaeeoueny a
?ioa?aae?:

wmetafile8? ??y???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¶yyy????????&??MathType??A?
???u?????????”????-??????Z????????k???????uA
th?????? aea No – oaeoe/ia iinoa/aiiy aaco; wmetafile8?
??D??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????`????&??yyyy?????AyyyµyyyA???????&?
?MathType??`????u?y??????sseui a?aeoeeaiiy e?eueeino? aaco, ui
aei??th?oueny, i?aeii?yaeeiaothoueny ii?iaeueiiio caeiio ?iciiae?eo,
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?eueo oi/iiai o?aooaaiiy aaco a?ao?/ii aeneiaeoueny a
oiio, ui e?ea? ii?iaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo noaiooue a?eueo aino?eie. I?e
oeueiio cia/aiiy No ? Ni (caaaeueia iio?aaia e?euee?noue aaco)
caeecyoueny. *enaeuei? ioe?iee iieacaee, ui ye ii?iaoeaiee eiao?oe??io a
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo ?ic?aooieao iiaeia i?eeiyoe E = 0,4. I?iaaaeai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oa, ui i?aeaeuaiiy
oi/iino? o?aooaaiiy caaacia/o? ieoii?noue i?eeaae?a aeey iae?eo.

Iaeiei ?c oeyo?a ??oaiiy i?iaeaie aeiiii?? aaco ? iie?ioaiiy
eiino?oeoe?? iiaooiaeo aaciaeo e?/eeueiee?a, ui canoiniaothoueny
nueiaiaei?. ?ic?iaeaii ?yae i?ea?iaeueieo i?eno?i?a, ye? iathoue cia/i?
ia?aaaae ia?aae a?aeiieie. Oae, o e?/eeueieeo c cieioieeii
(o?aaeeoe?eiee aeaiaio a?eueoino? aacie?/eeueiee?a, ui aeioneathoueny)
ciaioai? ao?aoe ia oa?oy a e?iaiaoe/iiio iaoai?ci?, ui aeicaieeei
cieceoe ??cieoeth ao?aeiiai ? aeo?aeiiai oene?a ? i?aeaeueoe /ooeea?noue
i?e iaeeo aeo?aoao. Iaeii/anii aeinyaiooi ni?iuaiiy i?eno?ith a oe?eiio
oa aeaiaio?a iano?ieee oeeee?/iiai ia?io cie?aia. Aeey ciaioaiiy aieeao
caa?oaeiaiue aaco cai?iiiiiaaii oaoi?/ia ??oaiiy, caniiaaia ia onoiaii?
cieioieeiai? ia?e. O oaeiio aacie?/eeueieeo ia?aeeth/aiiy i?e?aeiaiiy
?iai/eo eaia? aei ao?aeiiai ? aeo?aeiiai ooooea??a cae?enith?oueny ca
?aooiie aca?iiae?? aenoeaio?e/ii anoaiiaeaieo ia in? ia?aieea/a ?ieee?a
?c iiaa?oiath iaia?ai. ?ieeee ia eiioaeoothoue ?c aacii, oiio ia
i?aeeyaathoue aieeao caa?oaeiaiue.

Iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie ?ic?iaee i?ea?a aei noai?aiiy aacie?/eeueieea aac
oeaio?aeueiiai aaeo. A?aenooi?noue i?aoeec?eieo aeaiaio?a (cieioieeiai?
ia?e ? oeaio?aeueiiai aaeo c iii?aie) ?noioii ni?inoeea oa caeaoaaeea
eiino?oeoe?th, cieceea aeiiae aei e?oaeino? iiaa?oi?, ui iaea/o?oueny
?ieeeaie. A iniiao eiino?oeoe?? aacie?/eeueieea iieeaaeaii aeei?enoaiiy
ia?enoaeueoe/iiai i?eioeeio ia?aoai?aiiy aeo?aoe aaco a ?oo a?aee?eiaiai
iaoai?cio. Ia ?en.2 iieacaia noaia iiaiai aacie?/eeueieea. Aac
iaaeoiaeeoue o aio/eo o?oaeo 1, ui c’?aeio? ao?aeiee 2 ? aeo?aeiee 3
ooooea?e. O?oaea 1 o aeae?eueeio i?noeyo ii ia?eiao?o (o /ioe?ueio ia
?enoieo) c?aeiaia aei?noei c ei?ionii 4, noai?thth/e /ioe?e ?iai/?
eaia?e. Ia ii/aoeo ? a e?ioe? eiaeii? eaia?e ? ao?aeiee ? aeo?aeiee
ioai?e, niieo/ai? /a?ac e?eueoeaa? eaiaee 8 a ei?ion? 4 ?c ao?aeiei ?
aeo?aeiei ooooea?aie. A na?aaeei? oi?a c ?iai/eo eaia? ?icoaoiaai?
i’youe ?ieee?a 5, ui noeneothoue aio/eo o?oaeo 1 aei iiaiiai caieeaiiy.
?ieeee ?ici?uai? ia aeaio ieineeo e?eueoeaaeo i?oaeeiao 6. *a?ac
iiaiaeie 7 ?oo ?ieee?a uiaei oeaio?o aacie?/eeueieea ia?aaea?oueny /a?ac
i?ii?aei? oanoa?i? ia a?aee?eia? aa?aaaie.

?en.2. Noaia iiaooiaiai aaciaiai e?/eeueieea “Aeiiaan-2000”.

?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/iiai aiae?co ?iaioe ia?enoaeueoe/iiai ia?aoai?thaa/a
aeicaieeee i?i?i?coaaoe iioeaeo aei??o aacie?/eeueieea “Aeiiaan-2000” ?
anoaiiaeoe iioeiaeueia /enei eiai iniiaieo eiino?oeoeaieo aeaiaio?a –
?iai/eo eaia? oa i?eoeneoth/eo ?ieee?a. Ii??aiyiiy ?ic?aooieiaeo iioeaie
aei??thaaeueieo iaoai?ci?a aacie?/eeueiee?a “Aeiiaan-2000” ?
“Gallus-2000” (o??ia “Oethiaa?aea”, O?aioe?y), yeee ia? iaea?eueo
aeineiiaeo eiino?oeoe?th, iieacaei, ui aeey caaacia/aiiy iaei??? e o???
ae oi/iino? aei??o e?eueeino? aaco aeiiae aei oi/iino? aeeiiaiiy
aeo?aeieo aeaiaio?a o iiaiio aacie?/eeueieeo cieaeai? a 2 ?ace. Cia/aiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueii anoaiiaeaii? iioeaee aei??o iiaiai aacie?/eeueieea
(?en.3) a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai i?aeia?iaeieo noaiaea?o?a.

A aeaiee /an iio?aaa Oe?a?ie a iiaooiaeo aaciaeo e?/eeueieeao
ioe?ith?oueny o 12-15 iei. oo. O oie aea /an noia?iee aeione
aacie?/eeueiee?a a Oe?a?i? ? aenii?o ia a ciic? a iiai?e i???
caaacia/eoe eiioiaeueia aaciiinoa/aiiy ye?nieie iiaooiaeie
e?/eeueieeaie. Iaiao?aeii oaeiae a?aecia/eoe, ui /anoeia
aacie?/eeueiee?a, ui aeioneathoueny a Oe?a?i?, ?ic?aoiaai? ia aeo?aoo
aaco a 4-6 i3/aiae – ia aaeee? eaa?oe?e aai eioaaeae?, o oie /an ye aeey
eaa?oe? c iaei??th aaciaith ieeoith aeinoaoiuei iaoe iaeee ca aeo?aoith
e?/eeueiee.

?en.3. Caeaaei?noue iioeaee aacie?/eeueieea “Aeiiaan-2000” a?ae
aaee/eie aeo?aoe aaco G.

?ioith iniaeea?noth aenieoaoaoe?? aacie?/eeueiee?a o iaoeo oiiaao ?
i?enoinoaaiiy aei yeino? aaco. Caa?oaeiaiee aac aeeeeea? i?aeaeuaiee
ciin eeaiaiii? nenoaie e?/eeueieea, a onoaiiaea o?eueo??a aaco
oneeaaeith? ianeoaiaoaaiiy niiaeeaa/?a. Ia?niaeoeaiei ? aeione
iaeiaeo?aoiiai e?/eeueieea aaceeaiaiiiai oeio, oe?ia yeiai iiaeiia
caaacia/eoe eiai ieoii?noue ca 4-5 ?ie?a. Oeei aeiiaai a?aeiia?aea?
aacie?/eeueiee “Aeiiaan-2000”. Aei?iaoaaiiy aeine?aeiiai c?acea
i?aeoaa?aeeee aenie? aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?eeaaeo, ye?
ciaoiaeyoueny ia ??ai? e?aueo na?oiaeo c?ace?a. I?e oeueiio oe?ia
e?/eeueieea a 2-3 ?ace ieae/a a ii??aiyii? c a?o/eciyieie aai
caei?aeiiieie aiaeiaaie. I?aeaioiaeaiee i?iaeo ae?iaieoeoaa e?/eeueieea
“Aeiiaan-2000”. Aeiiii?/iee ?ic?aooiie iieacaa, ui aeo?aoe ia eiai
i?aai?caoe?th ieoieyoueny ca 2 ?iee. Aeaioiaeaii aeine?aeio ia?o?th
aacie?/eeueiee?a aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aea?aeaaieo aei?iaoaaiue.

A Oe?a?i? aeey iae?eo aeo?aoe aaco o iiaooiaeo niiaeeaa/?a o ia?aaaaei?e
a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a aeei?enoiaothoueny aacia? e?/eeueieee eaia?iiai
oeio, ui iio?aaothoue aeey ii?iaeueii? ?iaioe aenieiai nooiaiy i/enoee
aaco. sse?noue i/enoee i?e?iaeiiai aaco o?eueo?aie, iayaieie ia
aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo ioieoao, ia a?aeiia?aea? oeei aeiiaai, ui i?ecaiaeeoue
aei ia?aae/aniiai aeoiaeo c eaaeo a?ey 2% aaciaeo e?/eeueiee?a. Aeey
aeiaeaoeiai? o?eueo?aoe?? aaco ia?aae e?/eeueieeii ?ic?iaeaiee iiaooiaee
aaciaee o?eueo? oiiei? i/enoee. Iniiaieie ia?aaaaaie o?eueo?o ?:
i?inoioa eiino?oeoe?? i?e iaeeo aaaa?eoieo ?ici??ao ? ian? (0,5 ea);
canoinoaaiiy o?eueo?iaeaiaioo, ui ?aaaia?o?oueny; iaeee a?ae?aae?/iee
ii?? i?ioiaeaeaiith aaco (ao?aoa ?iai/iai oeneo aaco ia o?eueo?? i?e
iaeneiaeuei?e eiai aeo?ao? ia ia?aaeuo? 5% a?ae oeneo ia aoiae? o
o?eueo?). ?ici?? /anoie caa?oaeiaiue o aac? i?ney o?eueo?o neeaaea? ia
a?eueo 210-5i. Aeey aeaioiaeaiiy o?eueo?oth/iai aeaiaioo
aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e?iaieieia ae?aiao?ii 110-5i c ia?aeaa?th/i? noae?.
O ii??aiyii? c ?ioeie ii?enoeie iaoa??aeaie (aaaaoioa?iaa n?oea,
nia/aiee iaoaeaaee ii?ioie) iaoaeiaieieiia? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny a?eueo
aenieith aoaeoeai?noth i/enoee.

?en.4. Caeaaeiino? ao?aoe oeneo dP o o?eueo?iiaoa??ae? a?ae oaeaeeino?
iia?o?y Wi

a ii?ao i?e ??ci?e ii?enoino?.

?en.5. Caeaaeiino? aoaeoeaiino? Ao o?eueo?iiaoa??ae?a a?ae ae?aiao?a
/anoie ieeo d/

i?e ??ci?e ii?enoino?.

Ia ?en.4 i?eaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aa?iaeeiai?/ieo aei?iaoaaiue
iaoaeiaieieiiaiai o?eueo?o, io?eiai? i?e i?iea/oaaii? iia?o?y (o
aeiaaeeo i?e?iaeiiai aaco ao?aoe oeneo ciaioothoueny ia aaee/eio,
i?iii?oe?eio a?aeiioaiith ayceinoae aaco ? iia?o?y). Aeaeii, ui aaea i?e
ii?enoino? 70-75% ii?? iaoa??aeo iia?o?yiiio iioieo neeaaea? iacia/io
aaee/eio. Aaniethoia oiie?noue o?eueo?aoe??, ?aaeaiaioiaaia OO ia
o?eueo?iaeaiaio (210-5i), aeinyaa?oueny o?eueee i?e ii?enoino? 70%
(?en.5). Iiaeaeueoa ca?eueoaiiy ii?enoino? ia caaacia/o? iaiao?aeiiai
nooiaiy i/enoee, oiio a iniiao o?eueo?iaeaiaioo aoai iieeaaeaiee
iaoaeiaieieiiaee iaoa??ae ?c ii?eno?noth 70%. Ia aeine?aeiiio
ae?iaieoeoa? AAO IEO? “Aaciaia?ao” ? aeine?aei?e ae?eyioe? AeiiOO? IAI
Oe?a?ie, i. Aeiiaoeuee iaeaaiaeaeaia ae?iaieoeoai oaeeo o?eueo??a, ui
iiaea caaacia/eoe iio?aae an??? Oe?a?ie.

O oinoiio ?icae?e? “?ic?iaea oa inai?iiy ?ano?nicaa??aath/eo oaoiieia?e
? onoaoeoaaiiy nenoaie oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy” iiaeai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ? iaae?eiino?
?iaioe aaci?iciiae?eueieo ia?aae; i?aai?caoe?th ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
niiaeeaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai aaco; ?ic?iaeo eiieo?aioicaeaoieo oaoiieia?e
ae?iaieoeoaa aeueoa?iaoeaiiai aaciaiai iaeeaa.

Iaea?eueo cia/i? aaa??? c aaaeeeie iane?aeeaie aeieeathoue /a?ac
iaa/ania aeyaeaiiy aeoie?a aaco ia i?aecaiieo aacii?iaiaeao.
Ia?niaeoeaiei iaoiaeii aeyaeaiiy ?icaa?iaoecaoe?? OI ? iaoiae
?io?a/a?aiii? niaeo?ineii??. Aiae?c niaeo?a iiaeeiaiiy i?e?iaeiiai aaco,
iniiaiee eiiiiiaio yeiai – iaoai, aeicaieea onoaiiaeoe, ui iaea?eueo
c?o/iith aeey ?iaioe ? nioaa aei?ii?ithaaiiy-iiaeeiaiiy iaoaio c
oeaio?ii iiaeeco 3000 ni-1. O oe?e iaeano? ia?aoeiaee a?ae oiiiaiai
aei?ii?ithaaiiy aoiinoa?ieo aac?a (I2O ? NI2) i?i?iaeuei?, ui aea?
iiaeeea?noue eaaei eaeaioeo?eoaaoe iaoai o aeiaaeeo eiai aeoieo c OI.

sse i?eeaae, ui ae?aaiinoo? iayai?noue iaoaio a iia?o??, cai?iiiiiaaiee
?aae?iiao?-aaciaiae?caoi?. ?aae?iiao? cae?enith? naeaeoe?th nioae
iiaeeiaiiy-aei?ii?ithaaiiy iaoaio a iaeano? 3000 ni-1 ia oii? ia?aoeiae:
aoiinoa?ieo aac?a ? aeaea?ae oaieiaiai aei?ii?ithaaiiy (a?oioo,
?ineeiiino? oiui). A?i neeaaea?oueny c aeaio aeie?a: i??iiao?e/iiai
ia?aoai?thaa/a oa aaoiiiiiiai aeieo aeeaeaiiy. Iiaia iana i?eeaaeo –
a?ey 2 ea. ?aae?iiao? aaoiiaoe/ii iaeyaea? nioao a?oioo, yea aei??aith?
oe?ei? o?aioa? c aacii?iaiaeii, i?ae eooii 10-20 i?aeianaiiy aei ia??th.
Aeey anoaiiaeaiiy oaeoo aeoieo aaco iaia? iaiao?aeiino? a o?aaeeoe?eiiio
a?aeai?? i?ia. Aei?iaoaaiiy aeine?aeiiai c?acea iieacaee, ui i?e
oeo/aii? a iiea ci?o ?aae?iiao?a-aaciaiae?caoi?a ia’?eoa iiooeo (noiaia
iaoaio) i?eeia/ aei?ii?ithaaiiy /?oei o?eno? eiai ia oii? a?oioo, ui
iie?eaa? OI, ? neaiae?co? iia?aoi?o i?i ?icaa?iaoecaoe?th OI. I?eeaae
a?ae??ciythoue i?inoioa aeeiiaiiy ? aeei?enoaiiy, iia?euei?noue,
iiaeeea?noue oaeaeeiai ? iaae?eiiai aeyaeaiiy aeoieo aaco, o oiio /ene?
? o i?noeyo, aaaeeiaeinooiieo aeey ia?anoaieo eaai?aoi??e, iniauaieo
neeaaeiith ?io?a/a?aiiith oaoi?eith, ui canoiniaothoueny nueiaiaei? aeey
oeeo oe?eae.

No?eea ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie aaciiinoa/aiiy ianaeaieo ioieo?a ?
i?aei?e?inoa aaaeei cae?enieoe aac iaae?eii? ?iaioe aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo
ioieo?a ? onoaiiaie, ye? aecia/athoue ?aaeeie oeneo a aacii?iaiaeao. O
naith /a?ao, iniiaieie aoceaie oeeo ia’?eo?a aeciathoueny ?aaoeyoi?e
oeneo. Iaaeie?eii a?eueoino? oaeeo i?eno?i?a aeey cieaeaiiy oeneo aaco ?
iayai?noue iaia?aie, ui ia caaacia/o? iaiao?aeiee nooi?iue ??aiii??iino?
?aaoethaaiiy /a?ac iaeiio?ieueiaai? ci?ie o aeanoeainoyo ?? iieioieie.
E??i oiai, iiaeeea? ?ic?eae iaia?ai, ui aeeeeeathoueny ioeuenaoe?yie
oeneo a nenoai? ?aaeoeoaaiiy /a?ac iayai?noue caa?oaeiaiue o aac?.

Cai?iiiiiaaia eiino?oeoe?y ?aaoeyoi?a oeneo c i?io?aeiei ioai?ii Aeo
=100 ii iicaaaeaia oeueiai iaaeie?eo, ine?eueee ?ieue iaia?aie ooo
aeeiio? ieoiaea?. I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui ieoiaea?iee
?aaoeyoi? a?aeiia?aea? on?i aeiiaai ii i?oeiino?, u?eueiino? ?
aa?iaoe/iino?, cai?iiiiiaaiei aei oaeeo i?eno?i?a. O oaae. 5 i?eaaaeai?
aeai? eaai?aoi?ieo aei?iaoaaiue ?aaoeyoi??a ?c iaia?aiiei aoceii
(?AeOE-2-100-500) ? ieoiaea?iiai oeio (?AeI 150-0,3I), o yeeo
anoaiiaethaaeenue i?iioneia ni?iiiaei?noue Q ? ??aiii??i?noue
?aaoethaaiiy i?e ??cieo oeneao ? ia aoiae?. Aeaeii, ui iiaee ?aaoeyoi?
ia? e?au? oaoi?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee a ii??aiyii? c ?AeOE-2. I?e oeueiio
iana ?aaoeyoi?a cieaeaia c 92 aei 35 ea. A ?acoeueoao? aenieoaoaoe?eieo
aei?iaoaaiue anoaiiaeaii, ui eiino?oeoe?y ieoiaea?iiai ?aaoeyoi?a oeneo
i?aoeacaeaoia ? i?inoa a aenieoaoaoe??, caaeai? aeo?aei? ia?aiao?e
noaa?eueii aeo?eiothoueny ia iaiao?aeiiio ??ai?. A aeaiee /an c?iaeaia
cai?ia o?aaeeoe?eieo ?aaoeyoi??a ia ieoiaea?i? ia ?yae? ia’?eo?a nenoaie
aaciiinoa/aiiy Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?. *ioe?e??/iee aeina?ae ?oiuei?
aenieoaoaoe?? i?aeoaa?aeea aenieo iaae?ei?noue i?eno?i?a – ca cacia/aiee
ia??iae /ano cai?a o ?iaio? ia niinoa??aaeiny.

Oaaeeoey 5

Ii??aiyeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?aaoeyoi??a oeneo

P, IIaQ

i3aiae Oene ia aeoiae?, Ia i?e Q, i3/aiae (?AeOE /
?AeI)?AeOE?AeI1000102510501350140014252840286529100,05104012004000375030
003000200021000,1140037505000470032003300200022000,328008500500047003000
320020002400

A?aoiaoth/e noi?iiaaio no?eeo oaiaeaioe?th ia?aoiaeo nenoaie
oaieiiinoa/aiiy a?ae oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai iaea?aeaiiy ? ?iciiae?eo oaiea
aei aeaoeaio?ae?ciaaiiai, ye a?eueo aio/eiai ? aeiiii?/iiai, aoee
i?iaaaeai? ?iaioe ?c noai?aiiy AAO iiooaei?noth a?ae 100 aei 1000 eAo,
i?ecia/aieo aeey iiaeaiiy ? aa?y/iai aiaeiiinoa/aiiy aeeoeiaeo ?
i?iieneiaeo aoaeeie?a. Aeey oeeo aeie?a ?ic?iaeai? aacia? aiaeia??ei?
iiaeoe?, ?c yeeo iaae?athoueny cacia/ai? aeiee.

Aieiaieie aoceaie iiaeoey ? oaieiiai?iiee ? iaeueieeiaee i?eno??e.
Oaieiiai?iiee – eiaeooio?oaiee, ?c ia?aeaeueiei i?aeeeth/aiiyi naeoe?e.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui oaea noaia i?aeeeth/aiiy caaacia/o? iaioee
a?ae?aae?/iee ii??. Iaeueiee – ?iaeaeoe?eiiai oeio, naeoe?eii?
eiino?oeoe??. A?aenoaiue i?ae iaeueieeii ? eaei?eoa?ii aea?aii oaeith,
uia caaacia/eoe iaea?eueoee eiao?oe??io ei?enii? ae?? i?e i?i?iaeueiiio
ai?no? ieeno aoaeaoeth a i?iaeoeoao cai?yiiy.

C iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? a?aeai?o oaiea ? caaacia/aiiy
noaa?eueiino? oaieioaoi?/ieo iieaciee?a ?iaioe iiaeoey a ?aaeueieo
oiiaao aeeiiaia ioe?iea ao?ao oaiea c i?iaeoeoaie cai?yiiy a caeaaeiino?
a?ae oaiia?aoo?e iaaeieeoiueiai iia?o?y ? eiao?oe??ioa ?icaaaeaiiy
i?iaeoeo?a cai?yiiy. Iieacaii, ui ao?aoe oaiea ca?eueoothoueny c?
ca?eueoaiiyi eiao?oe??ioa ?icaaaeaiiy ? oaiia?aoo?e i?iaeoeo?a cai?yiiy,
cieaeaiiyi oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y.

O ii??aiyii? c oeaio?ae?ciaaiith nenoaiith AAO iathoue aace?/ ia?aaaa,
na?aae yeeo aeeeth/aiiy aaeeeeo aeo?ao ia aoae?aieoeoai aoaeeie?a
eioaeueieo; aeeeth/aiiy ciai?oi?o oaieio?an; nei?i/aiiy niiaeeaaiiy
aia?ai?ano?n?a; aeniea ?aiiioii?eaeaoi?noue; iecueeee ??aaiue ooio ?
aenie? iieacieee aeieia?/ii? /enoioe; aenieee nooi?iue aaoiiaoecaoe??,
ui i?aeoe/ii aeeeth/a? iaiao?aei?noue a ianeoaiaoth/iio ia?niiae?.

Aeniea aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy AAO i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
?acoeueoaoaie ?ic?aooie?a. A?aeiia?aeii aei oeeo aeaieo, oaeoe/i?
aeo?aoe ia oaieiao aia?a?th i?e ia?aoiae? a?ae nenoaie oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai
oaieiiinoa/aiiy aei ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo nenoai ciaioeeeny a 2-4 ?ace i?e
oa?i?i? ieoiiino? AAO 1-2 ?iee. Ca?ac a Aeiiaoeueeiio ?aa?ii? oni?oii
ooieoe?iiothoue 19 AAO.

C o?aooaaiiyi no?oeoo?e caian?a aia?aiiin??a, ye? ia? Oe?a?ia, a oaeiae
c?inoath/eo iio?aa o i?e?iaeiiio aac? iniaeeai? oaaae caneoaiaothoue
oaoiieia??, ui aeei?enoiaothoue aeueoa?iaoeaia iaeeai. Aei ieo
ianaiia?aae iaeaaeaoue oaoiieia?? aaceo?eaoe?? aoa?eey. A ?iaio?
?icaeyioo? i?ioeane iaea?aeaiiy neioac-aaco oeyoii aaceo?eaoe?? aoa?eey
a ?icieaa? oeaeo oa aaceo?eaoe?? ieeiaoa?eueiiai iaeeaa ? ?o
canoinoaaiiy aeey oaiei- oa aeaeo?iaia?aaoeee. Cai?iiiiiaaia oaoiieia?y,
a ye?e aeoooy o oeaeiaee ?icieaa aeeiiothoue noi?ooth iia?o?y, eenith oa
aiaeyii? ia?e a ioeuenoth/iio ?aaeei? c /anoioith ioeuenaoe?e 0,2 – 5
Aoe. Oaea ??oaiiy caaacia/o? iaea?eueo aoaeoeaio ia?a?iaeo oaa?aeiai
iaeeaa. Aeeiiaiee ?ic?aooiie aaciaaia?aoi?a aeey ??cieo oei?a aoa?eey.
I?aaenoaaeai? aa??aioe aaceo?eaoe??, ye? a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae
o?aaeeoe?eiiai a?aenooi?noth inaaaeic??aeaeaiiai oa?o aoa?eey oa iiaea/?
ia?e iaae ?icieaaii oeaeo. Aiie caaacia/othoue aeiaeaoeiao i/enoeo aaco
a?ae aeeeae?a n??ee, cieaeothoue aeeeaee ieeo, aeicaieythoue ciaioeoe
aaaa?eoe aaciaaia?aoi?a.

Oaoiieia?y ae?iaieoeoaa aeaeo?iaia?a?? c aeei?enoaiiyi aaceo?eaoe??
ieeiaoa?eueiiai iaeeaa i?eionea? aeeth/aiiy eioea-ooee?caoi?a a noaio
aaceo?eaoe?? oa niaeaiiy. Ae?iaeaia iei ia?a iaaeoiaeeoue ia?aeaeueii c
iioieii ia?e, ui ae?iaey?oueny iniiaiei eioeii aia?aiaeieo, yeee niaeth?
ieeiaoa?eueia iaeeai. Oeei aeinyaa?oueny i?aeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino?
ia?ioo?a?iii? onoaiiaee. Aei ia?aaaa cai?iiiiiaaii? oaoiieia??
iaeaaeaoue cieaeaiiy oe?aeeeaeo aeeeae?a o aoiinoa?o; iiaeeea?noue
aeei?enoaiiy neioac-aaco i?e caioneo aia?aiaeie?a i?ney o?eaaeiai
i?inoith, aeey ?aaoethaaiiy ?o iiooaeiino? a oe?eiio, a oaeiae i?e
?aeiino?oeoe?? canoa??eeo oaieiaeaeo?inoaioe?e.

sse aeiaeaoeiaee ?aca?a i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aaciniiaeeaaiiy
i?iiiio?oueny iaoiae noaoenoe/iiai a?aenoaaeaiiy on?o a?aeiia o nenoai?
aaciiinoa/aiiy ?aa?iio ? a?aeiia?aeieo i?e/ei, ui i?ecaaee aei a?aeiiae
nenoaie. Noai?aiiy ia ?oi?e iniia? aace aeaieo aeey ioe?iee neooaoe?? ?
?ic?iaea eiiieaeno caoiae?a uiaei e?ea?aeaoe?? a?aeiia, a?aeiia?aeii aei
aeeiiaieo ioe?iie, aeicaieeoue nei?ioeoe /an e?ea?aeaoe?? a?aeiia o 2
?ace, a aeo?aoe ia ?aiiioii-a?aeaoaeiai? ?iaioe – o 1,5 ?ace.

O aeiaeaoeao ?icaeyiooee ?yae iaoiaee/ieo ieoaiue ?aiiioo iie?aoeeaiiaeo
OI, i?eaaaeai? ii?iaoeaii-oaoi?/ia aeieoiaioaoe?y, ?ic?aooiie
aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaie aaoi?a ? aeieoiaioe, ui
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue ?o i?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy.

AENIIAEE

1. O iaaeao eiioeaioe?? nenoaiii? ca’yciino?, yea aaco?oueny ia
eiiieaeniiio ??oaii? i?iaeaie o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?iciiae?eo, o?aooaaiiy
aeo?aoe ? niiaeeaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai aaco, iieacaii, ui i?aeaeuaiy
iaae?eiino? oa aoaeoeaiino? nenoaie oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy aecia/a?oueny
?icaeoeii iaoiae?a ae?aaiinoeee aa?iaoe/iino? aacii?iaiae?a; ?ic?iaeith
ia?niaeoeaieo eeaeiaeo oaoiieia?e ?oiueiai ?aiiioo; noai?aiiyi
iie?ioaieo eiino?oeoe?e i?eeaae?a aeey iae?eo aeo?aoe aaco, ?aaoethth/i?
aaciai? a?iaoo?e ? aeie?a aaoiiiiiiai oaieiiinoa/aiiy, a oaeiae
?ano?nicaa??aath/eie oaoiieia?yie aaceo?eaoe?? eai`yiiai aoa?eey.

2. Iaa?oioiaaii iiaeeea?noue canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeo ?* niaeo?ineii?? aeey
aeni?anii? ae?aaiinoeee aacio?ainii?oieo eiioi?eaoe?e c iaoith
aeyaeaiiy aeoieo aaco. Aeaioiaeaii oa ai?iaoaaii aeine?aeiee c?acie
ia?aiiniiai ?aae?iiao?a-aaciaiae?caoi?a, yeee naeaeoo?
aei?ii?ithaaiiy-iiaeeiaiiy iaoaio a iaeano? 3000ni-1.

3. Cai?iiiiiaaii ?aoeaioo?e iiaeeo?eiaaieo aiieneaeieo eiiiiceoe?e ?c
caaeaiei ??aiai oaoiieia?/ieo ? o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae,
i?ecia/aieo aeey ?aiiioo iaoaeaaeo ? iie?ia?ieo o?oaii?iaiae?a. Aiie
aeeth/athoue neeaaee c iecueeith a’yce?noth, iaiiaiai? eea?, eea? c
aaaaoie?aoiei ca?eueoaiiyi ia’?io, aenieiaeanoe/i? eea? oa eiiiaoiaee c
aenieei ??aiai ieanoe/iino? a neeiaeaeiiio noai?.

4. Ia i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue aoaeoo oa?iionaaeee a
aiieneaeieo iie?ia?ao cai?iiiiiaaiee niin?a iaea?aeaiiy o?oeia?a aeey
c’?aeiaiiy ? a?aeiiaeaiiy o?oaii?iaiae?a. Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? aei
ciai?oi?o aieea?a noai?ai? aeaioa?ia? ioooe c oa?iionaaeeith ?c
ciai?oi?i oa?iiieanoe/iei ? aioo??oi?i oa?ii?aaeoeaiei i?ioa?eaie.
I?ioean onaaeee oeeo iooo neio?ii?ciaaiee oaeei /eiii, ui
caaacia/o?oueny aoaeo aaiaeaaeoaaiiy.

5. ?ic?iaeaii iia? eeaeia? oaoiieia?? ?aiiioo iie?aoeeaiiaeo
aacii?iaiae?a, ye? aeeth/athoue canoinoaaiiy o?oeia?a c oa?iionaaeeith
?c ?aaeoiieano?a, neeiieanoeeiaeo iooo oa i?iiaaeaacea?a, ? iaoiaee
?ic?aooieo iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ioooi-eeaeiaeo c’?aeiaiue, ui
aeicaieythoue iioei?coaaoe ?o ia?aiao?e. Oaoiieia?? a?ae??ciythoue
i?inoioa aeeiiaiiy, iaeee ianya i?aeaioia/eo ?ia?o, aeieia?/ia /enoioa ?
iiaeaaeia aaciaea.

6. Ia aac? aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue aia?oa noai?aiee aeine?aeiee c?acie
iiaooiaiai aaciaiai e?/eeueieea, caniiaaiee ia aeei?enoaii?
ia?enoaeueoe/iiai i?eioeeio ?iaioe ? aaeaioiaaiee aei yeino? aaco oa
aeiiii?/ieo oiia a Oe?a?i?. Ca nai?ie aenieoaoaoe?eieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie
a?i ia iinooia?oueny e?auei na?oiaei aiaeiaai, aea ia? iaioo aa?o?noue.

7. Anoaiiaeaii caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy no?oeoo?e, aa?iaeeiai?/ieo
aeanoeainoae, nooiaiy oa oiieino? i/enoee iaoaeiaieieiiaiai iaoa??aeo a
caeaaeiino? a?ae oiia eiai iaea?aeaiiy oa aaee/eie ii?enoino?. Ia iniia?
oeacaiiai iaoa??aeo ?ic?iaeaii iiaooiaee aaciaee o?eueo? oiiei? i/enoee.
O?eueo? ia? iae? aaaa?eoi? ?ici??e ? iano; aenie? aenieoaoaoe?ei?
ia?aiao?e; iiaeeea?noue ?aaaia?aoe?? o?eueo?oth/iai aeaiaioo.

8. Aeey aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo ioieo?a ? onoaiiaie ?ic?iaeaii ?aaoeyoi? oeneo
ieoiaea?iiai oeio. O ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eieie iaia?aiieie a?i
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny e?aueie oaoi?/ieie iieacieeaie, a?eueo aenieith
iaae?ei?noth, iaioith iaoaei?ii?noth, i?ino?oa o aeaioiaeaii? oa
aenieoaoaoe??.

9. Cai?iiiiiaaii eiieo?aioicaeaoio eiino?oeoe?th oaieiaaia?a-oi?a aeey
aaciaeo aiaeia??eieo iiaeoe?a, ui caaacia/o? aenieee eiao?oe??io
ei?enii? ae?? ? iecueeee ai?no ieeno aoaeaoeth a i?iaeoeoao cai?yiiy. Ia
iniia? cacia/aieo iiaeoe?a noai?ai? aeiee aaoiiiiiiai oaieiiinoa/aiiy c
aenieeie oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieie iieacieeaie.

10. Cai?iiiiiaaii aeieia?/ii /eno? ?ano?nicaa??aath/? oaoiieia??
iaea?aeaiiy aeueoa?iaoeaiiai aaciaiai iaeeaa, caniiaai? ia aaceo?eaoe??
aoa?eey a ?icieaa? oeaeo oa aaceo?eaoe?? ieeiaoa?eueiiai iaeeaa, ye?
caaacia/othoue aoaeoeaia niaethaaiiy aoa?eey, aeiiii?th i?e?iaeiiai
aaco, aeicaieythoue ?aae?coaaoe iiaoaiio ?aeiino?oeoe?th canoa??eeo
oaieiaeaeo?inoaioe?e c i?i?iaeueieie eai?oaeueieie oeeaaeaiiyie.

11. O ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaieo ?ia?o

– aaaaeai? a ae?th ia ia’?eoao Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano? 19 aeie?a
aaoiiiiiiai oaieiiinoa/aiiy ? 10 ?aaoeyoi??a oeneo iiai? eiino?oeoe??
aeey aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo ioieo?a ? aaci?aaoeyoi?ieo onoaiiaie;

– inai?i? ? aeei?enoiaothoueny a aaciaeo ainiiaea?noaao Aeiiaoeueei?
iaeano? ?aiiioi? eiiieaeoe aeey a?aeiiaeaiiy iie?aoeeaiiaeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a ?c aeei?enoaiiyi eeaeiaeo oaoiieia?e;

– i?aeaioiaeaii ae?iaieoeoai iiaooiaeo aaciaeo o?eueo??a oiiei? i/enoee
c ianyaii aeioneo, ui caaeiaieueiy? iio?aae Oe?a?ie;

– i?aeaioiaeaiee i?iaeo ae?iaieoeoaa iiaooiaeo aaciaeo e?/eeue-iee?a
“Aeiiaan-2000” c ianyaii aeioneo aei 100 oen. oo. ia ??e;

– cae?enith?oueny oi?iaaaeaeaiiy ia Einoyioei?anueeiio iaoaeo?a?e-iiio
caaiae? aaceo?eaoi?a oaa?aeiai iaeeaa a ?icieaa? oeaeo.

INIIAI? IIEIAEAIIss AeENA?OAOe?? IIOAE?EIAAI? A ?IAIOAO:

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A29N61/00. Niin?a aeaioiaeaiiy ioooe, ui oa?iionaaeaeo?oueny /A.I.
A?eioaiei, A.O. No?iaaiia, A.?. Oaeoae/aiei, A.I. Aa?tho?i (Oe?a?ia);
AAO “Aeiiaoeueeiaeaac”. – ? 97063259; Cayae. 27.06.97; Iioae. 02.06.98;
Athe. ?4, /.1.32.??o. i?i aeae. iao. Oe?a?ie, IIE A29N65/02. Niin?a
aeaioiaeaiiy o?oeia?a, ui oa?iionaaeaeothoueny, c aiieneaeiiai iie?ia?o
/ A.I.A?eioaiei, I.I.Ai?caiei, A.O.No?iaaiia, A.?.Oaeoae/aiei (Oe?a?ia);
AAO Aeiiaoeueeiaeaac”. – ?97115561; Cayae. 19.11.97; I?eei. ??o.
03.11.98.33.??o. i?i aeae. iao. Oe?a?ie, IIE G05D16|00. ?aaoeyoi? oeneo
/ A.?.Oaeoae/aiei, A.?.Ioaie/iee, A.O.Aaeaeoeia, A.A. Iieioianueeee,
A.A. Ea?/aiei, I.O. Eeiiiae/, A.A. Eoooeia, I.N. Iann (Oe?a?ia); AAO
IEO? “Aaciaia?ao”. – ? 97125812; Cayae. 04.12.97; I?eei. ??o.
09.10.98.34. ?ao. i auae. iao. ?O, IIE 6F16L47/02, B29C61/06, C08L63/00.
Niinia ioooi-eeaaaiai niaaeeiaiey o?oa, yiieneaeiay eiiiiceoeey aeey
ecaioiaeaiey niaaeeieoaeueiuo yeaiaioia e niinia eo ecaioiaeaiey / A.A.
Aaeioaiei, A.O. No?iaaiia, A.E. Oaeoae/aiei, Y.A. Aiiniaa (Oe?aeia); IAI
“Aeiiaoeeiaeaac”. – ?98102639/28; Cayae. 02.02.98; I?eiyo. ?ao.
28.04.99.35.??o. i?i aeae. iao. Oe?a?ie, IIE 6C08L63/00. Aiieneaeia
eiiiiceoe?y / A.A.Aiiniaa, A.I.A?eioaiei, A.O.No?iaaiia, A.?.Oaeoae/aiei
(Oe?a?ia); AAO “Aeiiaoeueeiaeaac”.- ?97010228; Cayae. 21.01.97; I?eei.
??o. 05.07.99.36.??o. i?i aeae. iao. Oe?a?ie, IIE 6A29N61/06, F16L47/02.
Niin?a c’?aeiaiiy iie?ia?ieo o?oa / A.I.A?eioaiei, A.O.No?iaaiia,
A.?.Oaeoae/aiei (Oe?a?ia); AAO “Aeiiaoeueeiaeaac”. – ?96103828; Cayae.
07.10.96; I?eei. ??o. 22.07.99.

AIIOAOe?ss

Oaeoae/aiei A.?. Niiniae i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aenieoaoaoe??
aacio?ainii?oieo nenoai ? ?ano?nicaa??aath/? oaoiieia??
oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.03 – Aaioeeyoe?y, ina?oeaiiy oa
oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy. – Aeiiaanueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e, Iae??aea, 1999.

A ?aieao eiioeaioe?? nenoaiii? ca’yciino? ?ic?iaeaiee oa inai?iee
eiiieaen iaoiaeee, oaoiieia?e ? onoaoeoaaiiy, ni?yiiaaieo ia ??oaiiy
aaaeeeai? i?eeeaaeii? i?iaeaie – i?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eiino? oa aoaeoeaiino?
nenoaie oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy. Iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaiee ? ai?iaoaaiee
aeni?aniee iaoiae aeyaeaiiy aeoieo aaco. Cai?iiiiiaaii ?aoeaioo?e
iiaeeo?eiaaieo aiieneaeieo eiiiiceoe?e ? iia? eeaeia? oaoiieia?? ?aiiioo
o?oaii?iaiae?a, caniiaai? ia canoinoaaii? iie?ia?ieo ? eiiiiceoe?eieo
iaoa??ae?a. Noai?aii aeine?aeiee c?acie iiaooiaiai aaciaiai e?/eeueieea
c ia?enoaeueoe/iei ia?aoai?thaa/ai aeo?aoe aaco. ?ic?iaeaii ?aaoeyoi?
oeneo ? aaciaee o?eueo? oiiei? i/enoee c aenieeie aenieoaoaoe?eieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie. Ia iniia? aaciaeo aiaeia??eieo iiaeoe?a, ui
aeeth/athoue oaieiaaia?aoi?e iie?ioaii? eiino?oeoe??, noai?aii aeiee
aaoiiiiiiai oaieiiinoa/aiiy c aenieeie oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieie iieacieeaie.
Cai?iiiiiaaii iia? oaoiieia?? ae?iaieoeoaa aeueoa?iaoeaiiai aaciaiai
iaeeaa. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ciaeoee canoinoaaiiy ia ia’?eoao nenoaie
aaciiinoa/aiiy Oe?a?ie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aacio?ainii?oia nenoaia, ae?aaiinoeea, ?aiiio, ?aaoeyoi?
oeneo, aaciaee e?/eeueiee, ?ano?nicaa??aath/? oaoiieia??.

ABSTRACT

Sheludchenko V.I. Ways of increasing the efficiency of the gas
transportation system operation and the resource-saving technologies of
heat and gas supply.- A manuscript.

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
speciality 05.23.03 – Ventilation, lighting and heat-and-gas supply. –
The Donbass State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture,
Makeyevka, 1999.

Within the framework of the system connectedness concept a complex of
techniques, technologies and equipment has been developed and brought to
a commercial level for the solving of an important applied problem,
namely, to increase the reliability and efficiency of the heat-and-gas
supply system. A proximate method of locating gas leakage has been
scientifically substantiated and approbated. Formulations of modified
epoxy compositions and new adhesive technologies for the pipeline repair
based on the application of polymer and composite materials have been
proposed. A prototype of the house-hold gas meter with the peristaltic
transducer of flow rate. A pressure regulator and a gas fine filter
possessing high operational characteristics have been developed. On the
basis of the gas water-heating modules comprising heat generators of
improved design, the units of independent heat supply with high
technical and economic indices have been created. The new technologies
for production of alternative gas fuel have been proposed. The results
of the work have found the application at objects of the gas supply
system of Ukraine.

The key words: gas transportation system, diagnostics, repair, pressure
regulator, gas meter, resource-saving technologies.

AIIIOAOeEss

Oaeoae/aiei A.E. Niiniau iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe yenieoaoaoeee
aacio?ainii?oiuo nenoai e ?ano?ninaa?aaathuea oaoiieiaee
oaieiaaciniaaaeaiey. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a oaoie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.03 – Aaioeeyoeey, inaauaiea e
oaieiaaciniaaaeaiea. – Aeiiaanneay ainoaea?noaaiiay aeaaeaiey
no?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?u, Iaeaaaea, 1999 .

A ?aieao eiioeaioeee nenoaiiie nayciinoe ?ac?aaioai e inaiai
eiiieaen iaoiaeee, ?ano?ninaa?aaathueo oaoiieiaee e iai?oaeiaaiey,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia iiauoaiea iaaeaaeiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou nenoaiu
oaieiaaciniaaaeaiey e ioaaouaathuee iaeiia?aiaiii noaaeee
o?ainii?oe?iaee, ?ani?aaeaeaiey, o/aoa ?anoiaea e iio?aaeaiey
i?e?iaeiiai aaca. Iainiiaaia aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey eio?ae?aniiai
iaoiaea aeey yeni?anniie aeeaaiinoeee aa?iaoe/iinoe aacii?iaiaeia iooai
?aaeno?aoeee iieinu eceo/aiey – iiaeiuaiey iaoaia a iaeanoe 3000 ni-1.
?ac?aaioai, ecaioiaeai e ai?iae?iaai iiuoiue ia?acaoe EE
?aaeeiiao?a-aaciaiaeecaoi?a. A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee
i?aaeeiaeaiu ?aoeaioo?u iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo yiieneaeiuo eiiiiceoeee aeey
?aiiioa iaoaeee/aneeo e iieeia?iuo o?oaii?iaiaeia, aeeth/athuea ninoaau
n ieceie ayceinoueth, iaiieiaiiua eeae, eeae n iiiaie?aoiui oaaee/aieai
iauaia, aunieiyeanoe/iua eeae e eiiiaoiaeu n aunieei o?iaiai
ieanoe/iinoe a noaeeiia?aciii ninoiyiee. ?ac?aaioaiu niiniau iieo/aiey
oa?iionaaeeaathueony oeoeiaia (iooou, ioaiaeu, o?ieieee) ec yiieneaeiuo
iieeia?ia, a oii /enea aaiaeaaee?iaaiiuo oa?iiieanoaie, aeey
ioooi-eeaaaiai niaaeeiaiey e ainnoaiiaeaiey o?oaii?iaiaeia. I?aaeeiaeaia
?aoeaioo?a yiieneaeiiai eeay, ?aaeei ioaa?aeaeaiey eioi?iai
neio?iiece?iaai n onaaeeie oeoeiaia. ?ac?aaioaiu iaoiaeu ?an/aoa
iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey ioooi-eeaaaiai niaaeeiaiey o?oa
n eniieueciaaieai oa?iionaaeeaathueony iooo e iaiiaa?iaoeeia,
iicaieythuea iioeiece?iaaoue eo ia?aiao?u e iiauneoue yenieoaoaoeeiiioth
iaaeaaeiinoue. I?aaeeiaeaiu iiaua eeaaaua oaoiieiaee ?aiiioa
iieeyoeeaiiauo aacii?iaiaeia, iniiaaiiua ia i?eiaiaiee aaiaeaaea ec
noaeeieaiou, oa?iionaaeeaathueony e noaeeiieanoeeiauo iooo. Eo ioee/atho
i?inoioa eniieiaiey, iaeue iauai ane?uoiuo ?aaio, yeieiae/aneay /enoioa
e iiaea?iay aaciianiinoue. ?ac?aaioaiu e ecaioiaeaiu ?aiiioiua eiiieaeou
aeey ?aaeecaoeee oeacaiiuo oaoiieiaee. Yooaeoeaiinoue oaoiieiaee
iiaeoaa?aeaeaia i?aeoeeie ?aiiioa aacii?iaiaeia. Oai?aoe/anee e
yenia?eiaioaeueii aeieacaia aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey
ia?enoaeueoe/aneiai i?eioeeia i?aia?aciaaiey ?anoiaea aaca a aeaeaeaiea
ion/aoiiai iaoaiecia a eiino?oeoeee auoiaiai aaciaiai n/ao/eea. Nicaeai
iiuoiue ia?acaoe aaciaiai n/ao/eea “Aeiiaann-2000”, eioi?ue ii naiei
oa?aeoa?enoeeai niioaaonoaoao eo/oei ie?iaui aiaeiaai. Auiieiaii
oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea e iiaeaioiaeai i?iaeo i?iecaiaenoaa
auoiauo aaciauo n/ao/eeia “Aeiiaann-2000” n iauaiii auionea 100 ouny/
oooe a aiae. ?ac?aaioai auoiaie aaciaue oeeueo? oiieie i/enoee ia iniiaa
iaoaeeiaieieiiaiai iaoa?eaea. Oeeueo? eiaao aunieea ay?iaeeiaie/aneea
naienoaa, noaiaiue e oiieinoue i/enoee, aiciiaeiinoue ?aaaia?aoeee
oeeueo?othuaai yeaiaioa. A ea/anoaa aeueoa?iaoeau ?aaoeyoi?o aeaaeaiey n
iaia?aiiui oceii i?aaeeiaeai ieoiaea?iue ?aaoeyoi? aeaaeaiey. Aai
ioee/atho aieueoay iaaeaaeiinoue, aunieea oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee,
i?inoioa ecaioiaeaiey e yenieoaoaoeee. ?ac?aaioaia yooaeoeaiay
eiino?oeoeey oaieiaaia?aoi?a aeey aaciauo aiaeiiaa?aaaoaeueiuo iiaeoeae,
iaania/eaathuay aunieee eiyooeoeeaio iieaciiai aeaenoaey e ieceia
niaea?aeaiea a?aaeiuo aauanoa a i?iaeoeoao nai?aiey. Ia iniiaa yoeo
iiaeoeae nicaeaiu aeiee aaoiiiiiiai oaieiniaaaeaiey aeey aeeeuo e
i?iiuoeaiiuo caeaiee. I?aaeeiaeaiu yeieiae/anee /enoua
?ano?ninaa?aaathuea oaoiieiaee iieo/aiey aeueoa?iaoeaiiai aaciaiai
oiieeaa, iniiaaiiua ia aaceoeeaoeee oaey a ?anieaaa oeaea e aaceoeeaoeee
iueaoaieueiiai oiieeaa. Iiaeaioiaeai iaeao oaoie/aneie aeieoiaioaoeee
(oaoiieiae/aneea eino?oeoeee, ianii?oa, oaoie/aneea oneiaey) ii
?ac?aaioaiiui oaoiieiaeyi e iai?oaeiaaieth. ?acoeueoaou ?aaiou iaoee
i?eiaiaiea ia iauaeoao nenoaiu aaciniaaaeaiey Oe?aeiu.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aacio?ainii?oiay nenoaia, aeeaaiinoeea, ?aiiio,
?aaoeyoi? aeaaeaiey, aaciaue n/ao/ee, ?ano?ninaa?aaathuea oaoiieiaee.

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