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Стилістичні та архітектурно-композиційні аспекти розвитку архітектури Львова періоду історизму у XIX – поч. XX ст.: Автореф. дис… канд. архіт. / С.М

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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

Aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”

E?iaea Na?oeaia Ieeiea?aia

OAeE 72.035 (477.8)

Noee?noe/i? oa a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?ei? aniaeoe ?icaeoeo

a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio o O?O – ii/. OO no.

18.00.01 – oai??y a?o?oaeoo?e, ?anoaa?aoe?y iai’yoie a?o?oaeoo?e

Aaoi?aoa?ao ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa a?o?oaeoo?e

Euea?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioo aeeiiaii o Aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”
(AeO ” EI “) I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee : eaiaeeaeao a?o?oaeoo?e, i?ioani?

*A?EAN Aiaaeai Noaiaiiae/,

caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith ooaeiaei?o iniia oa ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e
Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo

“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe : aeieoi? a?o?oaeoo?e

IA?AeA? Aa?ai Iaaeiae/,

canooiiee aee?aeoi?a Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo oai??? oa ?noi???
a?o?oaeoo?e ? i?noiaoaeoaaiiy, i. Ee?a

eaiaeeaeao a?o?oaeoo?e, aeioeaio

E?EAI?O*EI TH??e ?aaiiae/

caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith i?noiaoaeoaaiiy

Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo

“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa : Oe?a?inueea aeaaeai?y ienoaoeoa I?i?noa?noaa

eoeueoo?e oa ienoaoeoa Oe?a?ie, i.Ee?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “29” aeiaoiy 1999?. i 17 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E.35.052.11 Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”: i. Euea?a, aoe. Aaiaea?e, 12, e?ii. 226.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”: i. Euea?a, aoe. I?ioani?nueea,
1.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “27” aa?aniy 1999?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Aaac
I.A.

eaiae. a?o., aeioeaio

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Euea?a – aaaeeeaee iie?oe/iee, eoeueoo?iee, aaei?i?no?aoeaiee oeaio?
Aaee/eie – iaeaaeeoue aei iaeaaaaooeo i?no Oe?a?ie ca e?euee?noth ?
oe?ii?noth ?noi?eei-a?o?oaeoo?ieo iai’yoie, aea eiaeiee ia??iae c?iaea
na?e aianie o oi?ioaaiiy nai???aeiiai a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua.
Ia??iae ?noi?ecio, yeee i?eiaaea? a iniiaiiio ia ?? iie. O?O no., aoa
/anii ao?oeeaiai a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo i?noa, ?ioaineaiiai
oa?eoi??aeueiiai ?inoo. I?ioa /a?ac eiai aeiaaio?eaaea iani?eeiaiiy ?
iaaeiioe?ieo caeeoeany aeey ian i?aeoe/ii iaa?aeiiei.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny oaeeie iieiaeaiiyie :

– o ca’yceo c aeoeaiith ?ioaa?aoe??th iaoi? aea?aeaae o na?oiao
ni?eueiioo iio?aaa aea/aiiy nai?? ?noi?e/ii? oa ienoaoeueei? niaaeueie
iaaoea iniaeeai? aino?ioe. O oeueiio eiioaeno? noaei iaiao?aeiei
nenoaiaoecoaaoe ? i?iaiae?coaaoe anth a?o?oaeoo?io niaaeueio iaoi?
e?a?ie, cie?aia oea noino?oueny Eueaiaa – i?noa, a?o?oaeoo?ia
oe?ii?noue yeiai aeciaia na?oiaith a?iiaaenuee?noth;

-aenoa?’??e nii?oae Eueaiaa aeiae ?noi?ecio oi?iothoue a?o?oaeoo?iee
ia?ac oeaio?aeueii? /anoeie i?noa, i?e oeueiio, iacaaaeath/e ia aaeeeo
e?euee?noue ioae?eaoe?e, caaaeueii? ea?oeie ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e oeueiai
ia??iaeo o noee?noe/iiio ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiio aniaeoao
noai?aii ua ia aoei;

-iniiaieie aniaeoaie a?o?oaeoo?ii? ae?yeueiino? nueiaiaei? o
oeaio?aeuei?e /anoei? i?noa ? ?aeiino?oeoe?y oa aaeaioaoe?y i?ae iia?
ooieoe?iiaeuei? iio?aae nii?oae, a?eueoa /anoeia yeeo iaeaaeeoue aeia?
?noi?ecio. Aeey oni?oiiai ? eiiieaeniiai i?iaaaeaiiy oaeeo ?ia?o
iaiao?aeii aecia/eoe iniiai? i?eioeeie o oi?ioaaii? noeeueiaeo ?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue aoae?aaeue Eueaiaa oeueiai
ia??iaeo;

-?noi??y a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio aeinoaoiuei iiaii aena?oeaia o
ca?oa?aeieo aeaea?aeao, a oa, ui inoaii?i /anii a Oe?a?i? i?eae?ey?oueny
ana a?eueoa oaaae i?iaeaiai oe??? a?o?oaeoo?e, c?inoa? caoe?eaaeai?noue
oai?/?noth oiai/anieo a?o?oaeoi??a, ?noi???th aoae?aieoeoaa ie?aieo
nii?oae, na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui ianoaa /an aeiiiaieoe ? iao? ciaiiy i?i
a?o?oaeoo?o aeaiiai ia??iaeo.

I?iaeaie a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa aeiae ?noi?ecio aoee ii?ooai? o
aeine?aeaeaiiyo oe?ieiai eiea niaoe?ae?no?a. A?o?oaeoo?? i?noa ?? iie.
O?Ono. ie?ai? ?icae?ee i?enay/oaaeeny o caaaeueieo i?aoeyo c ?noi???
a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa. Oaeiae aoee i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy c eiie?aoieo
i?iaeai a?o?oaeoo?e ?? iie. O?O no.: noee?noe/i? aniaeoe,
ia?niiae??, ?noi??? aoae?aieoeoaa ie?aieo nii?oae, i?noiaoae?aaeuei?
o?ainoi?iaoe?? Eueaiaa. ?acii c oei o aeine?aeaeaiiyo, ye? i?enay/ai?
aea/aiith ye ie?aieo, oae ? caaaeueieo i?iaeai a?o?oaeoo?e ia??iaeo
?noi?ecio, i?ine?aeeiao?oueny iaaeinoaoiy neii?aeeiiaai?noue ?
a?aenooi?noue nenoaiaoecaoe??.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – aecia/eoe ia?aaeoiiae, caeiiii??iino? ?
iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo noeeueiaeo ? eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo??
aoae?aaeue Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio oa aeyaeoe ?o cia/aiiy aeey
noaiiaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o OO no.

Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy :

1. Nenoaiaoecoaaoe ?acoeueoaoe iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiue, aecia/eoe
caaaeueiiiaoeia? iaoiaee aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaeoe
iaoiaeeeo noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai aiae?co.

2. Aeyaeoe ia?aaeoiiae ? noeoii?noue oaeoi??a aioo??oi?o oa ciai?oi?o
aieea?a ia ?icaeoie a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o ia??iae ?noi?ecio.

3. Aecia/eoe caaaeuei? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o ??
iie. O?O no.

4. Aeyaeoe ? ioa?aeoa?ecoaaoe noeeueia? ni?yioaaiiy a a?o?oaeoo?? i?noa
o ia??iae ?noi?ecio oa aecia/eoe caeiiii??iino? o ?o ?icaeoeo.

5. Aeyaeoe i?eioeeie iiaoaeiae a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a
a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio oa aecia/eoe caeiiii??iino? o ?o
?icaeoeo.

6. I?iaanoe ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo
euea?anueei? a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio c caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeie
oaiaeaioe?yie oa aecia/eoe iniaeeaino? euea?anueeiai oeyoo ?icaeoeo.

7. Aeyaeoe cia/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?e ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio aeey iiaeaeueoeo
i?ioean?a ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o OO no.

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – noeeueia? ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?ei?
ae??oaiiy a a?o?oaeoo?? aeeoeiaeo ? a?iiaaenueeeo nii?oae Eueaiaa
ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio.

I?iaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy – oi?ioaaiiy ? ?icaeoie noeeueiaeo ?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae Eueaiaa
ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio.

sse ?iai/o a?iioaco aenoiooi i?eiouaiiy, ui caeiiii??iino? o ?icaeoeo
noeeueiaeo ? eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo?? Eueaiaa ia??iaeo
?noi?ecio ni?aiaaeaee ?c caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeie oaiaeaioe?yie, i?ioa ?e
aoee i?eoaiaii? nai? iniaeeaino?, coiiaeai? niaoeeo?eith
iie?oeei-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe??, a aeani? a?o?oaeoo?i? o?aaeeoe??
ni?e/eieee oi?ioaaiiy naiiaooiuei? a?o?oaeoo?ii? oeiee oa aieeioee ia
noaiiaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o OO no.

Iaoiaee oa iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny c
iiceoe?e eiiieaeniiai ? aaaaoi??aiaaiai i?aeoiae?a, o yeiio aoee
aeei?enoai? o?aaeeoe?ei? caaaeueiiiaoeia? iaoiaee, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueii
?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai
aiae?co.

O?iiieia?/i? iaae? aeine?aeaeaiiy. E?aeiy ieaeiy iaaea aeine?aeaeaiiy –
10-o? ?iee O?O no., ine?eueee o oeae /an oi?iothoueny ia?aaeoiiae aeey
iaeaooiueiai ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e ?noi?ecio. Iniiaiee ia??iae
aeine?aeaeaiiy – 1850-1900 ??., ine?eueee ?noi?eci o oeae /an noa?
iai?aiei iai?yieii o a?o?oaeoo?? i?noa – oea /an eiai ?icea?oo. E?aeiy
aa?oiy iaaea aeine?aeaeaiiy – 20-o? ?iee OO no., eiee cae?i/o?oueny
aoae?aieoeoai aeayeeo nii?oae aeiae ?noi?ecio. Oaeiae aoa i?iaaaeaiee
aiae?oe/iee iaeyae ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o OO no. ( ii
nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue).

Oa?eoi??aeueii aea?? ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iaiaaeaiee oa?eoi???th
i?noa, yea aoea caaoaeiaaia o ia??iae ?noi?ecio.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o oiio, ui o ?acoeueoao?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aia?oa noai?aii oe?e?nio ea?oeio oi?ioaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e
Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio. Ia iniia? cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee
noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai aiae?co aeyaeaii
caeiiii??iino? o oi?ioaaii? noeeueiaeo ? eiiiiceoe?eieo oa?aeoa?enoee a
a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio. Aeyaeaii ni?euei?
oaiaeaioe?? o ?icaeoeo euea?anueei? ? ?a?iiaenueei? a?o?oaeoo?e,
iniaeeaino? euea?anueeiai oeyoo ?icaeoeo, a oaeiae cia/aiiy euea?anueei?
a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio aeey noaiiaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o OO
no.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie. Iai?yiie i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ni?aiaaea? c iniiaiei iai?yieii iaoeiai? ?iaioe eaoaae?e
?noi??? oa ooaeiaei?o iniia a?o?oaeoo?e – “Aea/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?ii?
niaaeueie oa cia/aiiy ooaeiaei?o aeenoeeie?i o oi?ioaaii? oai?/iai
ieneaiiy a?o?oaeoi??a”.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? o oai?aoe/iiio ocaaaeueiaii? ?
nenoaiaoecaoe?? ?acoeueoao?a iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiue, o iinoaiiaoe?
iaoe ? oi?ioethaaii? caaea/, ?ic?iaoe? niaoe?aeueii? iaoiaeeee
aeine?aeaeaiiy, o nenoaiaoecaoe?? ? aiae?c? aaeeeiai ianyao oaeoe/iiai
iaoa??aeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ia? aeinoia??io ?ioi?iaoe?eio aaco, yea aoea noi?iiaaia
o ?acoeueoao? naiino?eii i?iaaaeaieo aaoi?ii a?o?aieo iiooe?a ?
iaoo?iiai ianoaaeaiiy.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o ianooiiiio:

-cia/iee a?o?aiee iaoa??ae, c?a?aiee oa nenoaiaoeciaaiee aaoi?ii, ?
aaaeeeaith aeaea?aeiciaa/ith aacith aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aeaoaeuei?oeo
aeine?aeaeaiue c ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa, a oaeiae i?e aea/aii?
a?o?oaeoo?e Oe?a?ie aeiae ?noi?ecio;

-aeine?aeaeaiiy cia/ii aeiiiaith? a?aeiiino? i?i a?o?oaeoo?o Eueaiaa
aeiae ?noi?ecio ? iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia ye iaoa??ae aeey iaa/aeueii?
oa iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e c aea/aiiy ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa;

-?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aeei?enoiaoaaoeny i?e i?iaaaeaii?
?aeiino?oeoe?? oa ?anoaa?aoe?? aoae?aaeue Eueaiaa aeiae ?noi?ecio;

-iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaea aooe cai?iiiiiaaia aeey aea/aiiy
aiaeia?/ieo i?ioean?a ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e o ?ioeo i?noao Oe?a?ie;

-?ic?iaeaia nenoaia eeaneo?eaoi??a o eiiieaen? c ?acoeueoaoaie
aeine?aeaeaiiy noai?eee oi?aa?naeueio nenoaio aeey aea/aiiy
a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o aeiao ?noi?ecio ? iiaeooue aooe aeo?aeiei ioieoii
aeey i?iaaaeaiiy iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiue oa i?aenoaaith aeey ?o
eii?aeeiaoe?? .

I?aaeiaoii caoenoo ? oae? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe:

1. Aecia/ai? caeiiii??iino? o ?icaeoeo noeeueiaeo ?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae Eueaiaa
aeiae ?noi?ecio.

2. Aecia/ai? iniaeeaino? o ?icaeoeo noeeueiaeo ?
a?o?oaeooo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae Eueaiaa o
ia??iae ?noi?ecio.

3. Aeyaeaia cia/aiiy euea?anueei? a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio
aeey iiaeaeueoiai a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa o OOno.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee i?aaenoaaeai? ia
i?aeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo: “A?o?oaeoo?a ye a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?aeaieia??”
o 1997 ?., i.Euea?a; “THe?ai Caoa???ae/ ? cia/aiiy eiai ae?yeueiino?
iaia?aaeiaei? OO? no.” o 1998 ?., i.Euea?a; a oaeiae ia iaoeia?e
eiioa?aioe?? A?o?oaeoo?ii? Eii?n?? IOO o 1999 ?., i.Euea?a. Ii
iaoa??aeao aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaaii 7 noaoae, aea? c yeeo aeeiiai? o
ni?aaaoi?noa?.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Oaenoiaa /anoeia aeena?oaoe?? neeaaea?oueny
c? anooio, 5-oe ?icae?e?a ? aeniiae?a, a?ae?ia?ao?/iiai ia?ae?eo,
aeiaeaoe?a, ?ethno?aoeaii? /anoeie. Ianya aeena?oaoe??: 150 noi??iie
iniiaiiai oaenoo, 53 noi??iee aeiaeaoe?a, a?ae?ia?ao?/iee ia?ae?e
e?euee?noth 220 iiceoe?e, 35 ieaioao?a c ?ethno?aoe?yie.

CI?NO ?IAIOE

?ICAe?E 1. NOAI AeINE?AeAEAIIss I?IAEAIE O A?O*ECIssI?E OA CA?OA?AEI?E
E?OA?AOO??. ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aiae?co e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae ? iaoeiai
– aeine?aeieo ?ia?o. Ocaaaeueiaiiy ? nenoaiaoecaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a
aiae?co iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiue c a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa aeiae ?noi?ecio
aeiiiiiaee eiie?aoecoaaoe o? ieoaiiy, ye? caeeoeeeny ia aena?oeaieie.
Aeyaeaii, ui eiiieaenii? ea?oeie ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e i?noa o ?? iie.
O?O no. noai?aii ia aoei. Iniaeeai iaaecia/aiith ? neooaoe?y o
noeeueiaiio ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiio aniaeoao. Aeaye? noeeueia?
oa?aeoa?enoeee nii?oae aeei?enoiaothoueny iaoai?/ii aai iai?aaeeueii, ia
aaaaeai? o iaoeiaee ia?a oa?i?ie, ye? aeaaii noaee cae/ieie o
?a?iiaenuee?e ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e. A?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?ei? aniaeoe
?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e aeaiiai ia??iaeo ii?ooai? o aeine?aeaeaiiyo ua ia
aoee.Aeey oiai, uia aena?oeeoe i?ioean ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa
aeiae ?noi?ecio ia oe? noni?eueii-aeiiii?/iiai i?ioeano aoee aeei?enoai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy c noi?aeieo aeenoeeie?i: ?noi???, aeiiii?ee, noaoenoeee.

Aeey ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co aoee ii?aoeueiaai? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
i?enay/ai? i?iaeaiai a?o?oaeoo?e ?a?iiaenueeiai ?noi?ecio ? ?in?enueeiai
?noi?ecio, a oaeiae aoee aeei?enoai? ii?aoethaaiiy c ?noi???
a?o?oaeoo?e aeaiiai ia??iaeo o ?ioeo i?noao Oe?a?ie ? c ie?aieo i?iaeai
?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? a?o?oaeoo?e. Oaeiae aoee ii?aoeueiaai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy c oai??? noeeth ? oai??? a?o?oaeoo?ii? eiiiiceoe??, ia
iniia? /iai aoee aecia/ai? oa?aeoa?enoeee aeey i?iaaaeaiiy oaeoi?iiai
aiae?co ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeey aecia/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?ieo
i?ioioei?a o ?icaeoeo noeeueiaeo ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue
a?o?oaeoo?e nii?oae Eueaiaa aoee aeei?enoaii? aeine?aeaeaiiy c
caaaeueii? ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e.

Oa?i?i “?noi?eci”, yeee o?aeoo?oueny aeaiyei: ye
i?ioan?eii-na?oiaeyaeia nenoaia iiaeyae?a ? ye iai?yi o a?o?oaeoo??,
oe?ieiaaeeaaiee o no/ani?e ?a?iiaenuee?e, a oaeiae oe?a?inuee?e ?noi???
? oai??? a?o?oaeoo?e. O oaeiio eiioaeno? oa?i?i “?noi?eci” aeei?enoaiee
o aeaiiio aeine?aeaeaii?.

?ICAe?E 2. INIIAI? IAOIAeE ? IAOIAeEEA AeINE?AeAEAIIss. O ?icae?e?
aeeeaaeai? eiie?aoi? iaoiaee ae??oaiiy caaea/, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueii
?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai
aiae?co. C caaaeueiiiaoeiaeo o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a o aeine?aeaeaii?
aoee aeei?enoai? oae?: aiae?c ? nenoaiaoecaoe?y iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e ca
oaiaoeeith aeine?aeaeaiiy, aiae?c ia?oiaeaea?ae, iaoiaee no?oeoo?iiai,
oaeoi?iiai, ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?c?a, a?aoiaiae?oe/ii? nenoaiaoecaoe??,
noaoenoe/ieo ii?aoethaaiue, iaoo?iiai ? a?ao?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Aeey oni?oiiai i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy aoea ?ic?iaeaia niaoe?aeueia
iaoiaeeea noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai aiae?co. ?ic?iaea
iaoiaeeee aoea aeeeeeaia iaiao?aei?noth eieae?caoe?? eiie?aoieo ia’?eo?a
aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy ia iniia? iaaieo ia’?eoeaieo iieaciee?a. Aeey
oeueiai aoa i?iaaaeaiee no?oeoo?iee aiae?c ? ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia
eeaneo?eaoi??a (oiiieia?/iiai, ooieoe?iiaeueii-oeiieia?/iiai,
noeeueiaiai ? eiiiiceoe?eiiai), ye? neeaee aeo?aeio oeiieia?th
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ca aeiiiiiaith eeaneo?eaoi??a aaeaeiny aoaeoeaii
eiie?aoecoaaoe ia’?eoe aeine?aeaeaiiy c aaeeei? e?eueeino? nii?oae
Eueaiaa, iiaoaeiaaieo o aeiao ?noi?ecio (1726 nii?oae aeeoeiaeo ?
a?iiaaenueeeo) ? aecia/eoe ?o iiiaeeio aeey i?iaaaeaiiy oaeoi?iiai
aiae?co (anueiai 260 ia’?eo?a). Aeey oaeoi?iiai aiae?co aoa
aeaoae?caaaiee eiiiiceoe?eiee eeaneo?eaoi? ? aeieo/aiee
?aeaioeo?eaoe?eiee eeaneo?eaoi? (??e i?iaeooaaiiy ? aaoi?noai ia’?eoa
aeine?aeaeaiiy), yeee aecia/aany ia i?aenoaa? a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a.
Oa?aeoa?enoeee eeaneo?eaoi??a aoee ca?oiiaai? ii ??aiyo o
a?aeiia?aeiino? aei ?o cia/eiino? ? cia?aaeai? o aeaeyae? ???a?o?/ii?
no?oeoo?e “aea?aaa aeanoeainoae”, yea o ?icai?iooiio aeaeyae? aoei
i?aaenoaaeaia o iao?e/i?e oaaeeoe?. ?acoeueoaoe ianoaaeaiiy eiie?aoieo
ia’?eo?a, ca?oiiaai? ca o?iiieia??th i?iaeooaaiiy, aoee cao?eniaai? o
iao?e/i?e oaaeeoe? ? noaee i?aenoaaith aeey i?iaaaeaiiy oaeoi?iiai ?
ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?c?a. Aeaoaeuei?oa ?ino?oiaioa??e ? i?ioeaaeo?a
i?iaaaeaiiy oaeoi?iiai ? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?c?a oa ocaaaeueiaiiy
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aaenoaaeai? o a?aeiia?aeieo ?icae?eao
?iaioe.

?ICAe?E 3. NOAIIAEAIIss ? CAAAEUeI? OAIAeAIOe?? ?ICAEOEO A?O?OAEOO?E
EUeAIAA O IA??IAe ?NOI?ECIO. O ?icae?e? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe
aiae?oe/iiai iaeyaeo ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o ia??iae
eeaneoeecio, i?iaiae?ciaai? oaeoi?e aioo??oi?o ? ciai?oi?o aieea?a ia
noaiiaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o ?? iie. O?O no. oa aecia/ai? caaaeuei?
iai?yiee ?icaeoeo caaoaeiae Eueaiaa o ia??iae, yeee aea/a?oueny.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui aaea o ia??iae eeaneoeecio o ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e
Eueaiaa aoee caeeaaeai? ia?aaeoiiae aeey oi?ioaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e i?noa
ianooiiiai noeeueiaiai ia??iaeo. O noni?eueii – aeiiii?/iiio aniaeo?
Euea?a o oie /an io?eiaa noaoon noieeoe? i?ia?ioe?? Aano?i-Oai?ueie, ui
noaei iniiaiith i?e/eiith ao?oeeaiai ?icaeoeo i?noa i?ioyaii anueiai
O?O no. O i?noiaoae?aaeueiiio aniaeo? o Eueaia? a?aeaoeeny aaaeeea?
o?aai?noe/i? o?ainoi?iaoe?? (e?ea?aeaoe?y oi?oeo?eaoe?e, ?icaeoie
caaoaeiae ia?aaei?noue, oi?ioaaiiy iiaiai caaaeueiii?nueeiai oeaio?o),
ye? aecia/eee iai?yiee ?icaeoeo caaoaeiae Eueaiaa ? o ?? iie. O?Ono.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui a?o?oaeoo?a Eueaiaa o ia??iae eeaneoeecio noeeaai aaea
ia aoea iaeii??aeia. O i?no? ?icaeaaeeny a?aeainueeee eeaneoeeci o eiai
“?aianainia?e” oi?i?, aee?i?ci, ?iiaioe/ia iaiaioeea, a caiaeii –
a?aeainueea “o?yaeiaa” a?o?oaeoo?a, a?aea?iae??. Oaeiae o oie /an o
a?o?oaeoo?? i?noa oi?iothoueny iia? oeie a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo
ae??oaiue ? ii?yae c eeaneoeenoe/ieie oeaio?aeueii-inueiaeie
neiao?e/ieie eiiiiceoe?yie aeei?enoiaothoueny ??aiiaeoeaioi?,
??aiicia/i? eiiiiceoe?? aeey oanaae?a i?eaooeiaeo aoaeeie?a ?
aneiao?e/i? o ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiio aeeoeiaiio aoae?aieoeoa?. O a?o?oaeoo??
a?aea?iae??o euea?anueeee eeaneoeeci ae/a?iaa nai? iiaeeeaino? o
?icaeoeo, ae?eoiaoe aei e?aeiuei? eai?aea?iino? ? aaiiao?ecio, a ioaea,
ci?ia noeeueiaiai ni?yioaaiiy a a?o?oaeoo?? i?noa aoea iaieio/ith c
iaeyaeo ia iaiao?aei?noue iiaeaeueoiai a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo. Oaeiae
aeyaeaii, ui ci?ia a?o?oaeoo?iiai noeeth o Eueaia? c eeaneoeecio ia
?noi?eci a?aeaoeany ??cei o 1848-1850??. ? aoea ?acoeueoaoii
o?anii?ooaaiiy ? o?ainieaioaoe?? ia euea?anueeee a?oio c?ace?a
a?aeainueeiai aoae?aieoeoaa.

Aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy aeey noaiiaeaiiy a?o?oaeo?e i?noa o aeiao ?noi?ecio
iaee oaeoi?e aioo??oi?o ? ciai?oi?o aieea?a. Oaeoi?aie aioo??oi?o
aieea?a aoee oae?:

1. Noni?eueii-iie?oe/i? ? aeiiii?/i?: noaoon i?noa ye noieeoe?
i?ia?ioe?? Aano?i-Oai?nueei? ?iia???, iie?iaoe?iiaeueiee neeaae
ianaeaiiy, acyoee Aaeeoeueeei naeiii eo?n ia ?icaeoie i?noa ye
aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai, eoeueoo?iiai ? ina?oiueiai oeaio?o Aaee/eie, aenieee
??aaiue aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo i?noa , a oaeiae niaoeeo?ea ?icaeoeo
i?noeaai? aoae?aaeueii? i?iieneiaino?;

2. I?noiaoae?aaeuei?: ?aeue?o i?noa, ?noi?e/ii noi?iiaaia ianooaai?noue
caaoaeiae;

3. Ii?iaoeai?: eaaeano?ia? ea?oe, aoae?aaeuei? noaoooe ;

4. A?coaeueii-anoaoe/i?: aeania a?o?oaeoo?ia niaaeueia, o?eaae?
o?aaeeoe?? i?noeaaiai aoae?aieoeoaa.

Iaeaaaeeea?oeie oaeoi?aie ciai?oi?o aieea?a aoee oae? :

1. Iiaeaeueoa aaei?i?no?aoeaia caeaaei?noue a?ae A?aeiy;

2. Iiaeaeueoa eoeueoo?ia caeaaei?noue a?ae A?aeiy;

3. Aieeae ia?aaeiaeo ?a?iiaenueeeo a?o?oaeoo?ieo oe?e, ye? iieyaaee o
?iii?ooaaii? ? eoeueoeaoaaii? o Eueaia? e?aueo c?ace?a aoae?aieoeoaa.

Ia iniia? aiae?oe/iiai iaeyaeo oi?ioaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa
o ?? iie. O?O no. aoee aeyaeai? caaaeuei? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo
a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o ia??iae ?noi?ecio. I?ney canoith o i?nueeiio
aoae?aieoeoa? o 1848 – 1870??. iniiaiith oaiaeaioe??th ?icaeoeo
aoae?aaeueiiai ?ooo aoei iaaieiia, a c 1890?. – no??iea c?inoaiiy oaii?a
aoae?aieoeoaa (o 1870 – 1880??. o na?aeiueiio ca ??e nii?oaeaeoaaee 34
aoaeeiee, o 1880- 1890??. – 38 aoaeeie?a, o 1890- 1900??. – 136
aoaeeie?a ). Iniiaiee oa?eoi??aeueiee ?icaeoie Eueaiaa i?eiaaea? ia 1870
–1890??., eiee ieiua i?noa ca?eueoeeany ia o?aoeio ? noaiiaeea ia
1890?.-31,2 ea.ei. C 1890?. i?noi oa?eoi??aeueii ia c?inoaei, i?ioa eiai
no??ieee ?icaeoie a?aeaoaaany ca ?aooiie ?ioaineo?eaoe?? aeei?enoaiiy
iayaii? oa?eoi???. A?aoiaoth/e, ui o oeae /an aoee ia?aaoaeiaai? iaeaea
an? aoae?ae? ia??iaeo eeaneoeecio, aoae?aaeueiei ?ooii o ??ciiio nooiai?
(iiaa aoae?aieoeoai, ia?aaoaeiaa, iaaeaoaeiaa, ci?ia oanaaeo) aoei
ioiieaii ana i?noi, ie??i na?aaei?noy, a oea – 98 % caaaeueii? ieiu?. Ca
?acoeueoaoaie aiae?co oa?eoi??aeueiiai ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa o ?? iie. O?O
no. aoee aecia/ai? oa?eoi??aeuei? iaae?, a oaeiae iniiai? aoeeoe?
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

?ICAe?E 4. CAEIIII??IINO? ? NIAOeEO?EA O ?ICAEOEO NOEEUeIAEO
? A?O?OAEOO?II – EIIIICEOeEIEO AE??OAIUe A A?O?OAEOO?? NII?OAe O IA??IAe
?NOI?ECIO. O ?icae?e?, yeee i?aaenoaaey? iaeaaaeeea?oo /anoeio
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe oaeoi?iiai ? ii??aiyeueiiai
aiae?c?a.

Iaoith oaeoi?iiai aiae?co aoei aeyaeoe caeiiii??iino? o ?icaeoeo
noeeueiaeo ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo??
nii?oae. Noeeueia? ae??oaiiy ioa?aeoa?eciaai? o oaeeo iai?yeao :

Aecia/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?ioioei?a ? aiaeia?a aeey noeeueiaeo
ni?yioaaiue o a?o?oaeoo?? i?noa. O nai?io ?icaeoeo euea?anueea
a?o?oaeoo?a aeaiiai ia??iaeo iie?aeany ia oe?iea eiei ?noi?e/ieo
a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?ioioei?a, ia?aaeon?i, ?a?iiaenueeeo: ?iiainueea
a?o?oaeoo?a, aioeea, ?oae?enueea A?ae?iaeaeaiiy (o an?o aoaiao eiai
?icaeoeo), o?aioeocueea A?ae?iaeaeaiiy, i?iaoeueea A?ae?iaeaeaiiy,
aa?iei, i?iaoeueeee aee?i?ci, aeania eeaneoeenoe/ia a?o?oaeoo?ia
niaaeueia, a?caioeci, i???ioaeueia a?o?oaeoo?a, a oaeiae oi?ie
iaoe?iiaeueieo noee?a. Oaeiae o euea?anuee?e a?o?oaeoo?? ia??iaeo
?noi?ecio aeyaeai? noeeueia? ni?yioaaiiy, ye? aacoaaeeny ia aiaeia?/ieo
oi?iao iainoee?a, ye? ?icaeioeeny o ?a?iiaenueeiio aoae?aieoeoa? o
na?aaeei? noie?ooy: “a?eaaeiaee noeeue” ? noeeue “Ae?oai? ?iia???”. Ia
iniia? oeeo i?ioioei?a ? aiaeia?a o euea?anuee?e a?o?oaeoo??
?icaeioeiny 17 noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue. Aei eeane/iiai iai?yieo iaeaaeaee
oae?: ?oae?enueeee iai?aianain, o?aioeocueeee iai?aianain, i?iaoeueeee
iai?aianain, noeeue “Ae?oai? ?iia???”, iaiaee?i?ci, iaiaa?iei, “oeeoaoe
eeaneoeecio”, aeeaeoeea; aei ?iiaioe/iiai iai?yieo iaeaaeaee:
iai?iiai?ci, iaiaioeea, “a?eaaeiaee noeeue”, “oaaeoea?nueeee noeeue”,
“i???ioaeueiee noeeue”, iaia?caioeci, “iaaea?neyinueea aioeea”,
“ia?iaeiee ?iiaioeci”, a oaeiae o i?iieneiaiio aoae?aieoeoa? noaa
?icaeaaoeny i?ioiooieoe?iiae?ci;

Aecia/aiiy aeeiai?ee ci?i noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue. Iniiaieie oaeoi?aie
aeey aiae?co noaee: ??e i?iaeooaaiiy nii?oaee ? ?? noeeueiaa
oa?aeoa?enoeea. I?e ?icaeyae? noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue ca o?iiieia??th
i?iaeooaaiiy nii?oae aeyaeaii, ui o /an? aiie ci?ithaaee iaeia iaeiiai.
O a?o?oaeoo?? Eueaiaa 1848-1870??. ia?aaaaeathoue noeeueia? ni?yioaaiiy,
iiaoaeiaai? ia oi?iao na?aaeiueia?/ieo noee?a: “a?eaaeiaee noeeue”,
iaiaioeea, a oaeiae ?icaeaathoueny ?oae?enueeee iai?aianain, noeeue
“Ae?oai? ?iia???”, iaiaee?i?ci. O 1870-1890??. aeii?ioth/ei noeeueiaei
ni?yioaaiiyi noa? iai?aianain, i?e/iio o 70- o ?ieao ia?aaaaeathoue
oi?ie ?oae?enueeiai iai?aianaino, a o 80-o – o?aioeocueeiai, iaiaaeai?oa
?icaeaathoueny i?iaoeueeee iai?aianain, iaiaee?i?ci, noeeue “Ae?oai?
?iia???”, o 80-o ?ieao c’yaey?oueny iaiaa?iei. Na?aae ?iiaioe/iiai
iai?yieo ?icaeaathoueny ia?iiai?ci (o nae?aeueiiio aoae?aieoeoa?),
iaiaioeea, “a?eaaeiaee noeeue”, iaiaaeaii “oaaeoea?nueeee noeeue”. O
1890-o – 1900-o ??. aeii?io? iaiaa?iei na?aae eeane/ieo ni?yioaaiue, a
na?aae ?iiaioe/ieo: iai?iiai?ci, “iaoe?iiaeueiee noeeue”, caiaeii –
“iaaea?neyinueea aioeea”, iaia?caioeci, i???ioae?ci;

Aecia/aiiy aaciaeo aeaiaio?a o oi?ioaaii? noee?a nii?oae. O ?acoeueoao?
aiae?co a?o?oaeoo?e nii?oae ca ?o noeeueiaeie ae??oaiiyie aeyaeaii, ui
aaciaei aeaiaioii o oi?ioaaii? noeeth nii?oaee noa? a?oaieia?/ii oi/ii
?ai?iaeoeiaaia a?o?oaeoo?ia aeaoaeue (aai iioea). ?icoe?aiiy ae?aiaciio
a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?ioioei?a ? aiaeia?a, c yeeo aeei?enoiaoaaeeny
a?o?oaeoo?i? aeaoae? (? iioeae) coiiaethaaee ?icaeoie noeeueiaeo
ni?yioaaiue o a?o?oaeoo?? Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio, i?i ui na?ae/eoue
ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino? iaeii/anii ?nioth/eo noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue: o
1848-1870??.-6, o 1870-1880??.-8, o 1880-1890??.-12, o 1890-1900??.-14.
O i?ioean? ?icaeoeo euea?anueeiai ?noi?ecio aoee noi?iiaai? iaai?
eiia?iaoe?? a?o?oaeoo?ieo aeaoaeae, ye? oa?aeoa?ecoaaoe oie /e ?ioee
iainoeeue;

Aecia/aiiy i?e/ei aeai?o eiie?aoiiai noeeth i?e aoae?aieoeoa? eiie?aoieo
oei?a nii?oae. Aeyaeaii, ui a iniia? aeai?o eiie?aoiiai noeeth aeey
eiie?aoiiai ooieoe?iiaeueiiai oeio nii?oae aoa i?eioeei a?aeiia?aeiino?
noeeth oanaaeo ooieoe?? nii?oaee ? iia’ycaiee c eiie?aoiei ?noi?e/iei
a?o?oaeoo?iei i?ioioeiii niaeo? anioe?aoe?e (ye i?aaeei
iicaa?o?oaeoo?iiai oa?aeoa?o). Niaoeeo?/io ?ieue o icaeiaeaii? oanaae?a
nii?oae ?? iie. O?O no. noaea a?ae?a?aaaoe neoeueioo?a, yea neoaeeea
iao? eiie?aoecaoe?? a?o?oaeoo?ii? oaie aoae?ae?.

Iniiaieie oaeoi?aie aeey i?iaaaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai
aiae?co noaee: ??e i?iaeooaaiiy nii?oaee ? oae? oa?aeoa?enoeee oanaaeii?
eiiiiceoe??, ye oei eiiiiceoe?? oanaaeo, no?oeoo?i? aeaiaioe eiiiiceoe??
oanaaeo, iane/ai?noue neoeueioo?iei ? e?iiei aeaei?ii, o?iiaoe/ia
ae??oaiiy. A?o?oaeoo?ii–eiiiiceoe?ei? ae??oaiiy i?iaiae?ciaai? o oaeeo
iai?yieao:

Aecia/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?ioioei?a aeey ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii –
eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue o caaoaeia? Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio. O
?acoeueoao? aiae?oe/iiai iaeyaeo ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e aeyaeaii, ui
iniiai? a?o?oaeoo?ii – eiiiiceoe?ei? noaie oanaae?a nii?oae nie?aeeny ia
oae? ooiaeaiaioaeuei? a?o?oaeoo?i? i?ioioeie: ?oae?enueea iaeaoeoei
(aeey oanaae?a i?eaooeiaeo aoaeeie?a), ?oae?enueea aneiao?e/ia a?eea c
aaaeath (aeey oanaae?a a?ee ? iniaiye?a), o?aioeocueeee iaeaoe (aeey
oanaae?a an?o a?iiaaenueeeo nii?oae, iaeaoe?a, i?eaooeiaeo aoaeeie?a),
?iiainueeee aai aioe/iee einoae (aeey a?o?oaeoo?e nae?aeueieo
eaoieeoeueeeo nii?oae), a?caio?enueeee o?ai (aeey i?aaineaaieo oea?eia).

Oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaieo oei?a a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue. O
a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio aeei?enoiaoaaee 4
i?eioeeiia? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?ei? noaie: ??aiiaeoeaioia neiae?e/ia,
oeaio?aeueii – inueiaa neiao?e/ia (2 i?aeoeie), “eoe?nia” neiao?e/ia ?
aneiao?e/ia. O ?acoeueoao? aiae?co eiaeii? c i?eioeeiiaeo a?o?oaeoo?ii
– eiiiiceoe?eieo noai ca ooieoe?iiaeueiith oeiieia??th nii?oae aoee
aecia/ai? iao?e/i? ? i?iii?oe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee oe?eiai oanaaeo ?
no?oeoo?ieo /anoei oanaaeii? eiiiiceoe??. Aeyaeaii, ui aea??
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai ae??oaiiy caeaaeaa a?ae ooieoe?iiaeueiiai
i?ecia/aiiy nii?oaee, ?ici???a ae?eyiee, ?icoaooaaii? ?? o nenoai?
i?nueei? caaoaeiae.

Iai?yiee ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue. O ?acoeueoao?
aiae?co a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue ca o?iiieia??th
i?iaeooaaiiy nii?oae aeyaeaii, ui aiie o /an? ci?ithaaeeny. ?o ?icaeoie
a?aeaoaaany oaeeie oeyoaie: ?icoe?aiiy ae?aiaciio no?oeoo?ieo aeaiaio?a
oanaaeo (a?ea?e, aaeeiie, ?ecae?oe), iinooiiaa ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino?
a?o?oaeoo?ieo aeaoaeae ia ieiuei? oanaaeo, caaaa/aiiy o?iiaoe/ieo
ae??oaiue. Oaeei /eiii niinoa??aa?oueny ci?ia ieine?nieo, a?ao?/ieo
oanaaeieo ae??oaiue 50-o ? 70-o ?ie?a iaaei??iith iane/ai?noth ?
neoeueioo?i?noth oanaae?a iai?ee?ioe? noie?ooy.

Caeiiii??iinoyie o noee?noe/iiio ?icaeoeo noaea iine?aeiaia o?iiieia?/ia
ci?ia noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue o a?o?oaeoo?? Eueaiaa, ca?eueoaiiy ?o
e?eueeino? c iaaeeaeaiiyi aei e?ioey noie?ooy. Caeiiii??iinoyie o
?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue noaa ?o o?iiieia?/iee
?icaeoie a?ae ieine?nieo oanaaeieo ae??oaiue aei caaaa/aieo
no?oeoo?ieie aeaiaioaie, iane/aieo a?o?oaeoo?ieie aeaoaeyie ? o?iiaoe/ii
caaaa/aieo. Ia iniia? oeeo caeiiii??iinoae, a oaeiae c a?aooaaiiyi ci?i
o noni?eueii – iie?oe/iiio oa i?noiaoae?aaeueiiio ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa o ??
iie O?O no. aoee aecia/ai? oae? aoaie o ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e i?noa o
noee?noe/iiio ? a?o?oaeoo?ii – eiiiiceoe?eiiio aniaeoao :

? aoai: ?aii?e ?noi?eci, 1848 – 1870 ??.;

?? aoai: c??eee ?noi?eci, 1870 – 1890 ??. ;

??? aoai: i?ci?e ?noi?eci, 1890?. – ii/. OO no.

Ia iniia? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co aoee aecia/ai? iniaeeaino? o
?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e euea?anueeiai ?noi?ecio o ni?anoaaeaii? ?c
caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeie oaiaeaioe?yie :

??cea ci?ia noeeueiaeo ia??iae?a (c eeaneoeecio ia ?noi?eci) o Eueaia?
o?iiieia?/ii ni?aiaaea? c oei aea i?ioeanii o A?aei? –1848?., ui nooo?ai
a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae ca?iaeaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e ?noi?ecio o ?ioeo
?a?iiaenueeeo e?a?iao (I?ia//eia, O?aioe?y), aea oey ci?ia iineea
ieaaiee, iinooiaeueiee oa?aeoa? ? o?iiieia?/ia iaaea ia iiaea aooe /?oei
aecia/aia ;

aoaie ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio o Eueaia? iine?aeiaii
ni?aiaaeaee ?c caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeie aoaiaie : ?aii?e, c??eee ? i?ci?e
?noi?eci ;

aoaie ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e euea?anueeiai ?noi?ecio o?iiieia?/ii
a?aenoaaaee ii??aiyii c ?a?iiaenueeeie aoaiaie (o na?aaeiueiio ia 30-20
?ie?a ia aoai? ?aiiueiai ?noi?ecio, ia 12-10 – ia aoai? c??eiai, ia 5-3
ia – aoai? i?ciueiai). Oa?aeoa?iith aoea oaiaeaioe?y aei ciaioaiiy
o?iiieia?/ii? ??cieoe?, o ?acoeueoao? /iai o ia??iae iiaea?io
a?o?oaeoo?a Eueaiaa anooieea iaeii/anii c ?a?iiaenueeith ;

o i?ioean? naiai ?icaeoeo euea?anueeee ?noi?eci anei?ethaaa ?aa?iiaeuei?
o?aaeeoe?? aoae?aieoeoaa, ui ni?e/eieei aei oi?ioaaiiy “iaoe?iiaeueieo”
noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue ;

o ia??iae ?noi?ecio o Eueaia? aoea noi?iiaaia neeueia a?o?oaeoo?ia
oeiea.

?ICAe?E 5. I?NOeA OA CIA*AIIss A?O?OAEOO?E IA??IAeO ?NOI?ECIO AeEss
IIAeAEUeOEO I?IOeAN?A A?O?OAEOO?IIAI ?ICAEOEO EUeAIAA O OO NO. O
?acoeueoao? aiae?co a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa o OO no. aoei
aeyaeaia cia/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio aeey ianooiieo
ia??iae?a oi?ioaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e i?noa. O a?o?oaeoo??
“noee?caoi?nueeiai” iai?yieo iiaea?io aoei aaciina?aaeiuei i?iaeiaaeaia
“aaaaoinoeeey” ?noi?ecio o “iiaea?i?ciaaiiio” iaiaa?iei, ?oae?enueeiio
iai?aianain?, i?iaoeueeiio iai?aianain?, iai?iiai?ci?, iaiaioeoe?,
?icaeioeeny c oi?i “ia?iaeiiai ?iiaioecio” “caeiiyinueeee noeeue” ?
oe?a?inueeee iiaea?i, a oaeiae iaieeaneoeeci. A?o?oaeoo?ia aeaoaeue ?
iaaeae? caeeoeeany aaciaei aeaiaioii o oi?ioaaii? “noeeth” ? oanaaeii?
eiiiiceoe?? nii?oaee, i?ioa ae?aiacii i?ioioei?a aeey ?? oi?ioaaiiy aoa
?icoe?aiee aei iioea?a ?ineeiiiai ? oaa?eiiiai na?oo, ci?ieany i?eioeei
a?oaieia?/ii oi/iiai ?ai?iaeoeoaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?ii? aeaoae? ia
iiaea?i?caoe?th. O a?o?oaeoo?o iiaea?io aaciina?aaeiuei ia?aeoee
a?o?oaeoo?ii- eiiiiceoe?ei? ae??oaiiy, ii?aoeueiaai? o ia??iae
?noi?ecio. Ioaea, a?o?oaeoo?a ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio noaea ooiaeaiaioii aeey
?icaeoeo ianooiiiai noeeueiaiai ia??iaeo – a?o?oaeoo?e iiaea?io.

O?aaeeoe?? ?noi?ecio ia??iaee/ii a?ae?iaeaeothoueny o
a?o?oaeoo?? ?aaeyinueeiai ? iino?aaeyinueeiai Eueaiaa. Iiaei aoaiii
?icaeoeo ?noi?ecio o Eueaia? noaee 50-o? ?iee, eiee c’yaeeeny
iiioiaioaeuei? oi?ie “noae?inueeiai ?noi?ecio”. ?ao?iniaeoeai?
oaiaeaioe?? o oi?i? ?aa?iiae?cio c’yaeeeny o caaoaeia? Eueaiaa o 80-o
?ieao, a c 90-o – aaea ye iiaea?i?ciaai? oi?ie a?o?oaeoo?e ia??iaeo
?noi?ecio o aeaeyae? eiioaenooaeueieo anoaaie. Niaaeueia aeiae
?noi?ecio aaea naia noaea i?ioioeiii aeey iiooeo iiaeo a?o?oaeoo?ieo
oi?i. ?noi?eci, ye na?oiaeyaeia nenoaia ? iaoiae oai?/ino?, ? aaaeeeaith
oa?aeoa?enoeeith a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa ia eeoa o O?O, aea ? o
OO noie?oo?.

I?iaeaia iiaeaeueoiai aea/aiiy ? caa?aaeaiiy oe??? a?o?oaeoo?e ia?
i??i?eoaoia cia/aiiy, yea iniaeeai c?inoa? ?c aeeth/aiiyi a?o?oaeoo?e
oeaio?aeueii? /anoeie i?noa (na?aae yei? ? aaaaoi ia’?eo?a ? ia??iaeo
?noi?ecio) aei ?a?no?o na?oiai? a?o?oaeoo?ii? niaaeueie ICOMOS.

Aeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ?icaeyaea?oueny aaoi?ii, ye ii/aoie ?iaioe ii
eiiieaeniiio aea/aiith a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa aeiae ?noi?ecio.

?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIIss

1. Caaoaeiaa Eueaiaa aeiae ?noi?ecio oi?io? a?o?oaeoo?ia na?aaeiaeua
oeaio?aeueii? /anoeie i?noa, i?e oeueiio oey a?o?oaeoo?a caeeoa?oueny ua
ia aeine?aeaeaia o eiiieaen?, iacaaaeath/e ia aaeeeo e?euee?noue
ioae?eaoe?e.

2. Aeey ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue ie??i oaeeo o?aaeeoe?eieo
caaaeueiiiaoeiaeo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye aiae?c e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae ? ia?oiaeaea?ae, iaoiaee iaoo?iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy,
a?aoiaiae?oe/ii? nenoaiaoecaoe?? ? noaoenoe/ieo ii?aoethaaiue,
oaeoi?iiai ? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?c?a, aoea ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea
noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai aiae?co, yea a?oiooaaeany
ia ?ic?iaeai?e nenoai? eeaneo?eaoi??a. Iaoiaeeea aeicaieeea aoaeoeaii
eieae?coaaoe ia’?eoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oa aecia/eoe ?o iiiaeeio aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy oaeoi?iiai ? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?c?a. ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia
eeaneo?eaoi??a o eiiieaen? c ?acoeueoaoaie noeeueiaiai ?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai aiae?co noai?eee oi?aa?naeueio nenoaio aeey
aeine?aeaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio o aoaeue-yeiio
aniaeo?.

3. Ia iniia? aiae?co a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa o ? iie. O?O no.
anoaiiaeaii, ui eeaneoeeci o na?aaeei? O?Ono. ae/a?iaa nai? iiaeeeaino?
o ?icaeoeo oi?ie, a ci?no eiai ia a?aeiia?aeaa iiaei
noni?eueii-iie?oe/iei ? aeiiii?/iei oiiaai. O ? iie. O?O no.
“aaaaoinoeeeyi” euea?anueeiai eeaneoeecio ? oi?ioaaiiyi iiaeo
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue aoee noai?ai? ia?aaeoiiae aeey
?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e ?noi?ecio. Ci?ia noeeueiaiai ni?yioaaiiy c
eeaneoeecio ia ?noi?eci a?aeaoeany ??cei o 1848-1850??. ? aoea iia’ycaia
c o?ainii?ooaaiiyi ? o?ainieaioaoe??th ia euea?anueeee a?oio c?ace?a
a?aeainueeiai aoae?aieoeoaa.

4. A?o?oaeoo?a aeiae ?noi?ecio ?icaeaaeany i?ae aieeaaie aioo??oi?o ?
ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a. Aioo??oi?ie oaeoi?aie aieeao aeyaeaii oae?:
noiee/iee noaoon i?noa ? iaaeaiiy Eueaiao i?aaa naiia?yaeoaaiiy, eo?n ia
?icaeoie i?noa, ye aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai, eoeueoo?iiai ? o?iainiaiai
oeaio?o Aaee/eie, iie?iaoe?iiaeueiee neeaae ianaeaiiy, aenieee ??aaiue
aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo, i?noiaoae?aaeuei? oaeoi?e, a oaeiae aeania aaaaoa
a?o?oaeoo?ia niaaeueia. Aei ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a aieeao iaeaaeaoue oae?:
iiaeaeueoa aei?i?no?aoeaia ? eoeueoo?ia caeaaei?noue a?ae A?aeiy, aieeae
ia?aaeiaeo ?a?iiaenueeeo oe?e.

5. Aiae?c caaaeueieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa o ia??iae
?noi?ecio cana?ae/ea, ui iniiaiith oaiaeaioe??th ?icaeoeo aoae?aaeueiiai
?ooo i?ney canoith o aoae?aieoeoa? o 1848-1870??. aoei iaaieiia, a c
1890?.- no??iea c?inoaiiy oaii?a aoae?aieoeoaa. Iniiaiee oa?eoi??aeueiee
?icaeoie Eueaiaa i?eiaaea? ia 1870-1890??. – ia /an “ai?eciioaeueiiai”
?icaeoeo i?noa, c 1890?. ii ii/. OO no. i?noi ?iceaaeiny “aa?oeeaeueii”
ca ?aooiie ?ioaineo?eaoe?? aeei?enoaiiy iayaii? ieiu?. A oe?eiio
aoae?aaeueiei ?ooii o ia??iae ?noi?ecio aoei ioiieaii 98% caaaeueii?
ieiu? i?noa.

6. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie noeeueiaiai aiae?co aeyaeaii, ui:

-ia aac? a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?ioioei?a o ia??iae ?noi?ecio o Eueaia? aoei
noi?iiaaii 17 noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue eeane/iiai, ?iiaioe/iiai ?
i?ioiooieoe?iiae?noe/iiai iai?yieo;

-o?iiieia?/ii noeeueia? ni?yioaaiiy ci?ithaaeeny: o 1848-1870??.
ia?aaaaeaee noeeueia? ni?yioaaiiy, iiaoaeiaai? ia oi?iao
na?aaeiueia?/ieo noee?a, o 1870-1890??. – iai?aianain, o 1890?.-ii/. OO
no. –iaiaa?iei ? a e?ioe? noie?ooy ?icaeaathoueny oi?ie iaoe?iiaeueieo
noee?a;

-aaciaei aeaiaioii o oi?ioaaii? noeeth nii?oaee noa? a?oaieia?/ii
oi/ii ?ai?iaeoeiaaia a?o?oaeoo?ia aeaoaeue, a iinooiiaa ?icoe?aiiy
ae?aiaciio a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?ioioei?a, c yeeo aeei?enoiaoaaeany aeaoaeue,
coiiaethaaei ?icaeoie noeeueiaeo ae??oaiue o a?o?oaeoo?? Eueaiaa;

-iniiaiei e?eoa???i aeey aeai?o noeeth nii?oaee aoei ??
ooieoe?iiaeueia i?ecia/aiiy.

7. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai aiae?co anoaiiaeaii,
ui:

-i?ioioeiaie aeey a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue noaee
eiiiiceoe?? oanaae?a ?oae?enueeiai iaeaoeoei (aeey i?eaooeiaeo
aoaeeie?a), o?aioeocueeiai iaeaoeo (aeey oanaae?a a?iiaaenueeeo nii?oae,
iaeaoe?a, i?eaooeiaeo aoaeeie?a), aneiao?e/ia ?oae?enueea a?eea (aeey
iniaiye?a ? a?ee), ?iiainuee? ? aioe/i? einoaee( aeey einoae?a),
a?caio?enueeeo o?ai?a (aeey oea?eia). Ia iniia? oeeo a?o?oaeoo?ieo
i?ioioei?a o Eueaia? iioe?eeeny oae? 4 i?eioeeiia? eiiiiceoe?ei? noaie:
??aiiaeoeaioia neiao?e/ia, oeaio?aeueiiinueiaa (2 i?aeoeie), eoe?nia
neiao?e/ia ? aneiao?e/ia;

-aiae?c a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue ca o?iiieia??th
i?iaeooaaiiy nii?oae cana?ae/ea, ui ?icaeoie eiiiiceoe?e oanaae?a
i?ioiaeea o oaeeo iai?yieao: ?icoe?aiiy ae?aiaciio no?oeoo?ieo aeaiaio?a
oanaaeieo eiiiiceoe?e, ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino? a?o?oaeoo?ieo aeaoaeae ia
ieiuei? oanaaeo, caaaa/aiiy o?iiaoe/ieo ae??oaiue;

-aea?? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue caeaaeaa a?ae
ooieoe?iiaeueiiai i?ecia/aiiy nii?oaee, a?ae ?ici???a ae?eyiee ? ??
?ici?uaiiy o nenoai? i?nueei? caaoaeiae.

8. Ia iniia? aeyaeaieo caeiiii??iinoae o ?icaeoeo noeeueiaeo ?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a?o?oaeoo?e nii?oae aoee
aecia/ai? oae? aoaie o ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio :

-? aoai : 1848-1870??.- ?aii?e ?noi?eci;

-?? aoai : 1870-1890??.- c??eee ?noi?eci;

-??? aoai : 1890?.-ii/. OO no. –i?ci?e ?noi?eci.

9. O ?acoeueoao? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo
a?o?oaeoo?e ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio o Eueaia? ? ia?aaeiaeo ?a?iiaenueeeo
oaiaeaioe?e oiai /ano aeyaeaii:

-aoaie ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio o Eueaia? iine?aeiaii
ni?aiaaeathoue c aoaiaie ?icaeoeo ?a?iiaenueei? a?o?oaeoo?e;

-o?iiieia?/ii oe? aoaie ?icaeoeo a?aenoaaaee a?ae ia?aaeiaeo
?a?iiaenueeeo e?a?i, i?ioa oa?aeoa?iith aoea oaiaeaioe?y aei ciaioaiiy
o?iiieia?/ii? ??cieoe? (a?aenoaaaiiy niinoa??aaeiny o na?aaeiueiio ia
30-20 ?ie?a ia aoai? ?aiiueiai ?noi?ecio, ia 12-10 – ia aoai? c??eiai ?
ia 5- 3 – ia aoai? i?ciueiai);

-o i?ioean? naiai ?icaeoeo euea?anueeee ?noi?eci anei?ethaaa
?aa?iiaeuei? o?aaeeoe?? aoae?aieoeoaa, ui ni?e/eieei oi?ioaaiiy
“iaoe?iiaeueieo” noeeueiaeo ni?yioaaiue ? naiiaooiuei? a?o?oaeoo?ii?
oeiee.

10. O ?? iie. O?O no. aoee caeeaaeai? ooiaeaiaioaeuei? iniiae aeey
?icaeoeo iiaea?io, o yeiio aoee ia?ainieneai? ia aeuiio ??ai? i?eioeeie
a?o?oaeoo?e ?noi?ecio. Iniiaia i?aenoaaa a?o?oaeoo?e ?noi?ecio –
caa?iaiiy aei ?noi?e/ieo i?ioioei?a ? a?eueia iia?oaaiiy ieie –
ia??iaee/ii a?ae?iaeaeo?oueny o euea?anuee?e a?o?oaeoo??, oaeeie
ia??iaeaie noaee: “noae?inueeee ?noi?eci” 40-o ? 50-o ?ie?a, ?aa?iiae?ci
70-o ? 80-o ?ie?a, no/aniee ?ao?iniaeoeaiee eiioaenooae?ci. Niaaeueia
aeiae ?noi?ecio oaia? noaea naia aeaea?aeii aeey iiooeo iiaeo
a?o?oaeoo?ieo oi?i.

A?o?oaeoo?a ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio iio?aao? iiaeaeueoiai aeaoaeueiiai
eiiieaeniiai ? anaa?/iiai aea/aiiy.

Iniiai? aeniiaee oa iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeai? o oaeeo
ioae?eaoe?yo aaoi?a :

1. *a?ean A.N., Eoeue N. I. (Eeiaea N.I.) Noaiiaeaiea a?oeoaeoo?u
niaaoneiai Eueaiaa // Aanoiee EIE ? 263 “?aca?au i?ia?anna a
noi?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?a”.- Eueaia, 1990. – n.116-118.

2. E?iaea N.I. Aiae?c a?o?oaeoo?ieo ?ica’yce?a oanaae?a i?eaooeiaeo
aoaeeie?a o Eueaia? a ia??iae ?noi?ecio // A?niee AeO “EI” ?358
“A?o?oaeoo?a”: Euea?a, 1998.- n. 173-178.

3. E?iaea N.I. A?o?oaeoo?ia ae?yeuei?noue THe?ooa Aioaa?aa?a o Eueaia?
o ia??iae ?noi?ecio // A?niee AeO “EI” ? 358 “A?o?oaeoo?a”: Euea?a,
1998. – n. 178-181.

4. E?iaea N.I. ?aeiie iiaiaoaeia // Euea?a : Oo?enoe/iee ioo?aiee /
caaaeueia ?aaeaeoe?y A. ?oaeieoeueeiai. – Euea?a : Oeaio? ?a?iie, 1999.
–n.375-459.

5. E?iaea N.I. ?icaeoie caaoaeiae Eueaiaa o ia??iae ?noi?ecio //
“I?noiaoaeoaaiiy oa oa?eoi??aeueia ieaioaaiiy”: Iaoeiai- oaoi?/ia ca??ea
– E.: EAeOOAA, 1999. –Aei. 3. – n. 88-91.

6. E?iaea N.I. A?o?oaeoo?a Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio: caeiiii??iino? ?
niaoeeo?ea ?icaeoeo// A?niee AeO “EI” ? 375 “A?o?oaeoo?a”: Euea?a, 1999.
– n. 31-41.

7. *a?ean A., E?iaea N. Iniaiye ia ia?ao?ano? aeieue // Iniaiye –
1998.- ?2 (8).- n. 8-9.

AIIOAOe?ss

E?iaea N.I. Noee?noe/i? oa a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?ei? aniaeoe ?icaeoeo
a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa ia??iaeo ?noi?ecio o O?O-ii/.OOno. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa a?o?oaeoo?e ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 18.00.01.- Oai??y a?o?oaeoo?e, ?anoaa?aoe?y iai’yoie
a?o?oaeoo?e. Aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”, Euea?a,
1999 ?.

O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaaaeaia iaoeiaa ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a iiia?aaei?o
aeine?aeaeaiue c ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e Eueaiaa aeaiiai ia??iaeo. Ia iniia?
?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee noee?noe/iiai ? a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eiiai
aiae?co aecia/ai? caeiiii??iino? o ?icaeoeo noeeueiaeo ?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eieo ae??oaiue a a?o?oaeoo?? nii?oae Eueaiaa
aeiae ?noi?ecio. I?iaaaeaiee ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c i?ioean?a ?icaeoeo
a?o?oaeoo?e aeaiiai ia??iaeo c ia?aaeiaeie caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeie
oaiaeaioe?yie ? aecia/ai? iniaeeaino? euea?anueeiai oeyoo ?icaeoeo.
Aeyaeaia cia/aiiy a?o?oaeoo?e aeiae ?noi?ecio aeey iiaeaeueoeo
i?ioean?a a?o?oaeoo?iiai ?icaeoeo Eueaiaa.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: a?o?oaeoo?iee noeeue, a?o?oaeoo?iee i?ioioei, ?noi?eci,
noeeueiaa ae??oaiiy, a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoe?eia ae??oaiiy.

AIIIOAOeEss

Eeiaea N.I. Noeeenoe/aneea e a?oeoaeoo?ii-eiiiiceeoeeiiiua aniaeou
?acaeoey a?oeoaeoo?u Eueaiaa ia?eiaea enoi?ecia a O?O-ia/. OOaa. –
?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa a?oeoaeoo?u ii
niaoeeaeueiinoe 18.00.01. – Oai?ey a?oeoaeoo?u, ?anoaa?aoeey iaiyoieeia
a?oeoaeoo?u. Ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao “Eueaeanueea iieeoaoieea”,
Eueaia, 1999 a.

A aeenna?oaoeee iao/ii iaiauaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee
i?aaeoanoaaiieeia. Ia iniiaa ?ac?aaioaiiie iaoiaeeee noeeenoe/aneiai e
a?oeoaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoeeiiiiai aiaeeca ii?aaeaeaiu caeiiiia?iinoe a
?acaeoee noeeenoe/aneeo e a?oeoaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoeeiiiuo ?aoaiee
a?oeoaeoo?u Eueaiaa ia?eiaea enoi?ecia. I?iaaaeai n?aaieoaeueiue aiaeec
i?ioeannia ?acaeoey eueaianeie a?oeoaeoo?u n ia?aaeiauie aa?iiaeneeie
oaiaeaioeeyie yoiai ia?eiaea e ii?aaeaeaiu iniaaiiinoe eueaianeiai iooe
?acaeoey a?oeoaeoo?u eco/aaiiai ia?eiaea. Ii?aaeaeaii cia/aiea
a?oeoaeoo?u ia?eiaea enoi?ecia aeey aoaeouaai a?oeoaeoo?iiai ?acaeoey
Eueaiaa.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: a?oeoaeoo?iue noeeue, a?oeoaeoo?iue i?ioioei, enoi?eci,
noeeaaia ?aoaiea, a?oeoaeoo?ii-eiiiiceoeeiiiia ?aoaiea.

SUMMARY

Linda S. M. “Style and architectural-compositional aspects of Lviv
architecture development during historismus period in the 19th – the
beginning of 20th cen” – Manuscript.

The thesis for a candidate’s degree in architecture by speciality
18.00.01.- The theory of architecture, restoration of monuments. Lviv
Polytechnic State University, Lviv, 1999.

The scientific generelisation derived from the results of the previous
investigations in the history of Lviv architecture of the 2nd half of
the 19th cen. Presented in the dissertation, proved that a complex
picture of Lviv architecture developmentof the historismus epoch has not
yet been created. This conclution helped to break tresh ground while
postulating the object and tasks of the work. General scientific methods
as well as a specially designed technique of the stile and
architectural-compositional analysis were applied. The suggested
technique based on the system of classificators: topological,
functional-typological, style and compositional, allowed to effectively
detect the objects of investigation amongst a lot of buildings erected
during the historismus period and to determine their number for
conducting factor analysis, the factofs being style and
architectural-compositional characteristics of Lviv buildings’
architecture dating back to the second half of the 19th cen.

Style characteristics concerned the following lines: detecting of the
architectural prototypes of the courses of style development,
determining of the dynamics of their changes in Lviv architecture,
specifying of the basic elements in the building’s style formation,
finding out of the associative aspects for choosing of a particular
style for a particular functinal type of building. Compositional
characteristics concerned the following lines: detecting of the
architectural prototypes of the compositional solutions development,
analysis with reference to the types compositional solutions, analysis
of the compositional solutions development with referens to the
chronology of building designing. The results of the stylistic and
architectural-compositional analysis allowed to determine the
regularities of their development and to outline period of their
development: early, mature and late historismus.

The comparative analysis of the processes of architecture development in
the studied period and the progressive general European tendencies
allowed to detect the peculiarities of Lviv lines of architecture
development during the historismus period. The latter was characterised
by the coincidence of the order of stages when compared to European
historismus and by the chronological legging behind diminished by the
end of century. Analytical survey of Lviv architecture development in
the 20th cen. made it possible to show the importance of the
historismus epoch for the processes characteristic of the following
stages of Lviv architecture development.

Key words: architectural style, architectural prototype, historismus,
style solution, architectural-compositional solution.

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