3
Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y iaoe Oe?a?ie
?inoeooo iiaiciaanoaa ?i. I.I.Iioaai?
I?eiea?iei Ea?ena ?aai?aia
OAeE 808.4 – 54
NO?OEOO?II-NAIAIOE*IA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA AAAIOEA?A-EIIIICEO?A O IIEUeNUeE?E
IIA?
10.02.03 – neia’yinuee? iiae
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioo aeeiiaii o a?aeae?e? cao?aeii- ? i?aaeaiiineia’yinueeeo iia
?inoeoooo iiaiciaanoaa ?i. I.I.Iioaai? IAI Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe,
aeaaeai?e IAI Oe?a?ie
?ONAI?ANUeEEE A?OAE?E IAEA?IAE*,
?inoeooo iiaiciaanoaa ?i. I.I.Iioaai?
IAI Oe?a?ie,
caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo cao?aeii- ? i?aaeaiiineia’yinueeeo iia
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
AAAIOO AEEA EINEI?AIA,
?inoeooo oe?a?inueei? iiae IAI Oe?a?ie,
aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaio eaoaae?e neia’yinueei? o?eieia??
Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i. O.A.Oaa/aiea
*A?IEO OAOssIA IEAENAIAe??AIA
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – eaoaae?a caaaeueiiai oa neia’yinueeiai
iiaiciaanoaa Iaeanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?.?.Ia/ieeiaa,
I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Iaeana
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “19” o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo i 1000 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.172.01 aeey caoenoo
aeena?oaoe?e ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a o?eieia?/ieo iaoe
i?e ?inoeooo? iiaiciaanoaa ?i. I.I.Iioaai? IAI Oe?a?ie (252001, Ee?a-1,
aoe. A?ooaanueeiai, 4).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
iiaiciaanoaa ?i. I.I.Iioaai? oa ?inoeoooo oe?a?inueei? iiae IAI Oe?a?ie
(252001, Ee?a-1, aoe. A?ooaanueeiai, 4).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “ 15 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?ieo.
O/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
I.A.ICA?IAA
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
O no/aniiio iiaiciaanoa? ana /ano?oa aeyaeythoueny oaiaeaioe?? aea/aiiy
neiaioai?o c iiceoe?e iiiian?ieia??. Ca?aeii c oai???th iii?iaoe??, iiaa
iacaa aeieea? ye ?acoeueoao oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? eiii?an?? aaciai?
neioaene/ii? eiino?oeoe??. Iniaeeai /?oei oeae i?ioean i?inoaaeo?oueny
ia i?eeeaae? neeaaeieo neiaioa??ieo iaeeieoeue, ine?eueee o ?o no?oeoo??
i?aaenoaaeaii a?eueoa eiiiiiaio?a iioeaoth/i? aace c? caa?aaeaiiyi
naiaioe/ieo a?aeiioaiue i?ae ieie.
Iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui a inoaii? aeanyoee?ooy aeine?aeaeaiiyi
neiaioa??ii? naiaioeee eiiiiceo?a caeiaeiny aaaaoi a/aieo, cie?aia oae?,
ye I.E.Aeoeaiei, I.Ae?oa?nueeee, ?.Aaeaai?/eeiaa, I.O.Eeeiaiei,
I.N.Eoa?yeiaa, C.Eoaeiaa, I.?.Iaeoo?ia, I.Ae.I?oeia, I.?.Ii?na?a,
ss.Naiai?, I.I.Nae?aaiiaa, O.A.Ni?a?eiaa, E.Oaiaeea oa ?io?, oea ieoaiiy
? iaaeae? caeeoa?oueny a?aee?eoei ? aeeneon?eiei.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia i?iaeaiai no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/iiai aiae?co
neeaaeieo aaaioeaieo iaca iieuenueei? iiae.
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe coiiaeaia a?aenooi?noth
niaoe?aeueieo eiiieaenieo ianoaaeaiue aaaioea?a-eiiiiceo?a iieuenueei?
iiae. Aeooaeueiei ? oaeiae ooi/iaiiy noaoono neeaaeieo iii?iaoeaieo
iaeeieoeue, ui iathoue caaaeueia neiaioa??ia cia/aiiy aaaioeaiino?, a
oaeiae aeine?aeaeaiiy naiaioeei-neiaioa??ieo iniaeeainoae oeeo
iaeeieoeue ia neioaene/i?e iniia?.
Oaia aeena?oaoe?? a?aeiia?aea? i?io?eth caaaeueii? iaoeiai? oaie
a?aeae?eo cao?aeii- ? i?aaeaiiineia’yinueeeo iia ?inoeoooo iiaiciaanoaa
?i. I.I.Iioaai? IAI Oe?a?ie.
Iniiaiith iaoith ?iaioe ? aiae?c neeaaeieo aaaioea?a iieuenueei? iiae,
ui ia?aaeaa/a? ?aeiino?oeoe?th i?ioean?a ?o oai?aiiy ye
aea?eaaoe?eii-iii?iaoeaieo aeo?a, aecia/aiiy iniaeeainoae oeeo
i?ioean?a.
A?aeiia?aeii aei oe??? iaoe aecia/aii caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:
– ca?oioaaoe neeaaei? iaeeieoe? aiae?ciaaieo neiaioa??ieo eaoaai??e ca
iniaeeainoyie oi?iaeueii? aoaeiae;
– a?aeoai?eoe neiaioa??i? aeoe iii?iaoeaieo iaeeieoeue ca aeiiiiiaith
aeiai?o a?aeiia?aeieo ia?eo?ac;
– ia’?aeiaoe eiiiiceoe o aea?eaaoeai? eeane ia i?aenoaa? ni?eueieo
naiaioeei-neiaioa??ieo a?aeiioaiue i?ae eiiiiiaioaie, a oaeiae i?ae
neiaioa??iith iniiaith ? oi?iaioii, a?aoiaoth/e i?e oeueiio a?aiaoe/iee
oa?aeoa? iniia neeaaeieo iaeeieoeue;
– aeae?eeoe o iaaeao eiaeiiai aea?eaaoeaiiai eeano neiaioa??i? iiaeae?
ca ni?eueieie oi?iaeueieie iieacieeaie eiiiiceoe??;
– aeine?aeeoe nooi?iue a?aeoai?aiiy cia/aiiy iioeaoth/i? aace o
naiaioeoe? aecioeaio?e/ieo oa aiaeioeaio?e/ieo ooai?aiue;
– i?iaiae?coaaoe ni?aa?aeianai?noue oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii?
iio?aeiino? eiiiiceo?a;
– aeyaeoe aeiaeaoeia? naiaioe/i? eiiiiiaioe o no?oeoo?? eiiiiceo?a,
aecia/eoe ?o ?ieue o oi?ioaaii? caaaeueii? naiaioeee neeaaeieo
iaeeieoeue.
Caaaeaiiy, iinoaaeai? a aeena?oaoe??, ia?aaeaa/athoue aeei?enoaiiy oaeeo
iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy:
– iieniaee iaoiae, ui aeicaiey? i?iaiaeeoe ianoaaeaiiy aaaioeaieo iaca o
neio?iiiiio aniaeo?;
– o?ainoi?iaoe?eiee iaoiae, ca aeiiiiiaith yeiai cae?enith?oueny aeia??
oi?iaeueieo ei?aeyo?a oa aecia/athoueny naiaioeei-neioaene/i?
a?aeiioaiiy i?ae ?o eiiiiiaioaie;
– iaoiae ia?eo?acoaaiiy canoiniao?oueny aeey anoaiiaeaiiy neiaioa??ii?
no?oeoo?e eiiiiceo?a, aeey aecia/aiiy naiaioeei-neiaioa??ieo a?aeiioaiue
i?ae neiaioa??iith iniiaith oa oi?iaioii, a oaeiae, i?ae iioeaoth/ith
aacith oa eiiiiceoii;
– aeeno?eaooeaiee iaoiae, yeee ni?ey? ooi/iaiith eeaneo?eaoe?? neeaaeieo
aaaioea?a;
– c?noaaiee iaoiae, yeee aaaiooaeueii aeei?enoiao?oueny o ?iaio? i?e
c?noaaeaii? iieuenueeeo oa oe?a?inueeeo eiiiiceo?a.
Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeecueei 700 aaaioea?a-eiiiiceo?a iieuenueei?
iiae, ye? aoei c?a?aii c oaeeo aeaea?ae: S?ownik j?zyka polskiego /Red.
W.Doroszewski. – Warszawa, 1958-1969. – T.1-11; S?ownik jezyka polskiego
/Red. naukowy M.Szymczak. – Warszawa, 1978-1981. T.1-3; S?ownik
ortograficzny jezyka polskiego/Red. naukowy M.Szymczak. – Warszawa,
1975; Wielki s?ownik polsko-rosyjski/ U?o?yli D.Hessen, R.Stypu?a –
Warszawa, 1967. Aeiaeaoeiai aeey aeyaeaiiy iaieia?ci?a aoei caeo/aii
i?aoe?: Chru?cinska K. Nowe wyrazy z?o?one w jezyku polskiej prasy//
Poradnik jezykowy. – 1976. – N10; Nowe s?ownictwo polskie. Materia?y z
prasy lat 1972—1981/Red. D.Tekiel. – Wroc?aw etc., 1988 –1989. – Cz.1-2;
Smo?kowa T. Nowe s?ownictwo polskie. – Wroc?aw etc., 1976; Zagrodnikowa
A. Nowe wyrazy i wyra?enie w prasie. – Krakow, 1982.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui a i?e oia?oa cae?eniaii ni?iao
eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeieo aaaioeaieo iaca iieuenueei? iiae.
Iiaei i?aeoiaeii o aea/aii? aaaioea?a-eiiiiceo?a ? aecia/aiiy ?o
oiioeaiaaiino? oa ?ic/eaiiaaiino?, ianoaaeaiiy neeaaeieo iaeeieoeue c
iiceoe?e ?ioaa?aoe?? a ieo eaene/ii? oa neioaene/ii? naiaioeee.
?aeiino?oeoe?y aea?eaaoe?eii-iii?iaoeaieo i?ioean?a ca aeiiiiiaith
iaoiaeo ia?eo?acoaaiiy aeicaiey? ?icaeyaeaoe noai?aiiy iiaiai
iaeiaioaaiiy ye ?acoeueoao oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? eiii?an?? aaciai?
neioaene/ii? eiino?oeoe?? o oe?e?niiioi?ieaio iaeeieoeth.
Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy i?aoe?. I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c ni?eyoeia iiaeaeueoiio
iiaeeaeaiiio aea/aiith neeaaeieo iii?iaoeaieo iaeeieoeue o ieai? ?o
neiaioa??ii? naiaioeee. Cai?iiiiiaaiee i?eioeei no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/ii?
oa?aeoa?enoeee aaaioeaieo iaca iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee aeey ianoaaeaiiy
eiiiiceo?a ?ioeo neiaioa??ieo eaoaai??e. Niinoa?aaeaiiy oa aeniiaee,
io?eiai? a ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co, iathoue aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy
aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy neiaioa??ii? nenoaie iieuenueei? iiae, aeey
oeiieia?/iiai aea/aiiy neiaioai?o neia’yinueeeo iia.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e i?aeaioiaoe? a?aeiia?aeieo ?icae?e?a
i?ae?o/iee?a ? iaa/aeueieo iin?aiee?a c iieuenueei? iiae, o /eoaii?
aoc?anueeeo eo?n?a oa niaoeeo?n?a, o i?iaaaeaii? i?aeoe/ieo caiyoue c
ieoaiue iieuenueeiai oa neia’yinueeiai neiaioai?o. Oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae
aeena?oaoe?? iiaea i?eaeaoeny o i?aeoe/i?e eaeneeia?ao?/i?e ?iaio? i?e
oeeaaeaii? iiaeo oeoia/ieo oa aeaiiiaieo neiaiee?a.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa?, ia?aaeon?i, o oiio, ui aoei
c?a?aii oa i?iaiae?ciaaii aaaioeae-eiiiiceoe c on?o aeinooiieo, o oiio
/ene? e iaeiia?oeo, eaeneeia?ao?/ieo iien?a no/anii? iieuenueei?
e?oa?aoo?ii? iiae. Ca aeiiiiiaith ia?aeeaaeieo oa oeoia/ieo neiaiee?a
ae?a?aii ?o oe?a?inuee? a?aeiia?aeieee.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Ie?ai? o?a?iaioe aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ciaeoee nai? a?aeaeooy o aeiiia?ae? ia iaoeia?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei? ieoaiiy neia’yinueei? o?eieia??”, i?enay/ai?e
iai’yo? I.I.Iioaai? oa E.A.Aoeaoianueeiai (Ee?a, 1998), ia can?aeaii?
eaoaae?e neia’yinueei? o?eieia?? Ee?anueeiai ?inoeoooo “Neia’yinueeee
oi?aa?neoao”. Iiai?noth aeena?oaoe?y iaaiai?thaaeany ia can?aeaii?
a?aeae?eo cao?aeii- ? i?aaeaiiineia’yinueeeo iia ?inoeoooo iiaiciaanoaa
?i. I.I.Iioaai? IAI Oe?a?ie.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeaii o i’yoe ioae?eaoe?yo, o oiio
/ene? o /ioe?ueio noaooyo.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e, aeaio aeiaeaoe?a.
Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 207 noi??iie. O nieneo aeei?enoaii?
e?oa?aoo?e iae?/o?oueny 155 aeaea?ae.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? ia??oioiao?oueny aea?? oaie, ?? aeooaeuei?noue, aecia/athoueny
iaoa, caaaeaiiy oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eaa?oueny iaoeiaa
iiaecia aeena?oaoe??, a?aoiaioo?oueny oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue
?iaioe, iiaeathoueny iniiai? aeaea?aea oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Neeaaei? aaaioeai? iacae ye ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy”
aena?oeththoueny oai?aoe/i? i?iaeaie oai?aiiy neeaaeieo iii?iaoeaieo
iaeeieoeue, aecia/a?oueny eaoaai??aeueiee noaoon neeaaeieo aaaioeaieo
iaca, iiaeathoueny iniiai? i?eioeeie aiae?co ?iaiieeiaeo eiiiiceo?a.
O iieuenueeiio iiaiciaanoa? neeaaei? ?iaiieee o?aaeeoe?eii i?eeiyoi
iiae?eyoe ia c?iuaiiy (wniebowziecie, Wielkanoc), neeaaeaiiy
(powie?ciopisarz, ci?nieniomierz) ? niieo/aiiy (woda sodowa, Stalowa
Wola). Ia’?eo iaoiai aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue
neeaaeaiiy aai eiiiiceoe. Aeey iicia/aiiy niinia?a oai?aiiy oaeeo
iaeeieoeue o ?iaio? aaeeaathoueny oa?i?ie iniiaineeaaeaiiy (drogowskaz,
literaturoznawca) oa iniiai-neiaineeaaeaiiy (gazogenerator, p?ugobrona).
I?aaeiaoii ianoaaeaiiy ? eeoa oae? iaeeieoe?, ye? oi?iaeueii iioiaeyoue
a?ae aeaio ? a?eueoa ne?a ? naiaioe/ii ni?aa?aeiinyoueny ?c
neioaene/ieie eiino?oeoe?yie.
I?e aecia/aii? neiaioai?/iai ao?ena a?aoiao?oueny oie oaeo, ui ao?en
iiaea iaeaaeaoe ia anueiio ooai?aiith, a eeoa o?iaeueiiio eiiiiiaioo,
aea aiaeii/an i?aeo?eio?oueny iiceoe?y iieuenueei? aeine?aeieoe?
C.Eoaeiai? i?i oa, ui e?eoa??e ?nioaaiiy ae?oaiai noo?aiaaiiai /eaia ye
naiino?eiiai neiaa ? iaaeinoaoi?i i?e aecia/aii? oi?iaeueii? no?oeoo?e
eiiiiceo?a. O aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao aeiionea?oueny iiiaeeiia iioeaaoe?y:
bajkopisarz – pisaae bajki + arz i pisarz bajek.
Aaaioeaieie aeciathoueny oae? iaeiaioaaiiy, o naiaioe/i?e no?oeoo?? yeeo
i?noeoueny aeac?aea ia ooieoe?th, aeeiioaaio iniaith /e i?aaeiaoii. Aiie
iiae?eythoueny ia aea? neiaioa??i? eaoaai??? – nomina agentis sensu
stricto oa nomina instrumenti. Aei ?iaiiee?a nomina agentis, ne?aeii ca
?.Aaeaai?/eeiaith, ie ca?aoiao?ii iacae in?a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
ai?iiyi, noeeuei?noth aai aeoeaiei aeeiiaiiyi iaaii? ae??. Ia i?aenoaa?
aeaio, ia iia’ycaieo i?ae niaith ?en – i?ioan?eia/ iai?ioan?eia iciaea,
aiioe?eia/ iaaiioe?eia caaa?aeai?noue, aeae?eythoueny oae? oaiaoe/i?
a?oie iaca aeeiiaaoe?a ae??: iacae in?a ca i?ioan?eiith ae?yeuei?noth
(listonosz, koncertmistrz), iacae in?a ca ?ioei ?iaeii ae?yeueiino?
(licencjobiorca, samouk), aiioe?eii caaa?aeai? iacae ae?y/a(krwiopijca,
skrobigarnek).
Aei neiaioa??ii? eaoaai??? nomina instrumenti aoiaeyoue iacae an?o
i?aaeiao?a (o oe?ieiio ?icoi?ii?), ye? neoaeaoue aeey aeeiiaiiy iaaii?
ae??. Oi/a o e?iaa?noe/i?e e?oa?aoo?? a?eueoa ooaa?aeeany oe?a?inueeee
oa?i?i cia?yaeaey ae??, ? i?aenoaae aaaaeaoe, ui iacaa caniae ae?? ?
i?eeiyoi?oith, ine?eueee iiiyoo?ai aiia ? oe?oith o a?aeiioaii? aei
oa?i?ia cia?yaeaey ae??. Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy neiaioa??ii? naiaioeee
neeaaei? ?iaiieee nomina instrumenti o ?iaio? ?iciiae?eythoueny iaie
(aei iaaii? i??e oiiaii) ca oaeeie oaiaoe/ieie a?oiaie: iacae i?eeaae?a
(kroplomierz, szybko?ciomierz), iacae iaoei oa iaoai?ci?a
(?niego?adowacz, turbopompa), iacae o?ainii?oieo cania?a oa cania?a
ia?anoaaiiy (cementobarka, spalinowoz), iacae nii?oae oa onoaoeoaaiiy
(gazoci?g, wodoci?g), iacae ae??aieo i?aaeiao?a oa i?eno?i?a
(mucho?apka, szczotkomiot?a), iacae ca?i? (minomiot, samopa?), iacae
noanoaioe?e (grzybobojka, autokosmetyk).
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? oaeiae aiae?cothoueny aeaye? noaie eeaneo?eaoe??
?iaiieeiaeo eiiiiceo?a, ye? canoiniaothoueny o iieuenueeiio,
oe?a?inueeiio oa ?in?enueeiio iiaiciaanoa?, ? ?iaeoueny aeniiaie i?i oa,
ui an? aiie ??oioothoueny ia o?ueio iniiaieo i?eioeeiao: oi?iaeueiiio,
neiaioa??iiio oa naiaioe/iiio. Iiaiee ? anaa?/iee aiae?c neeaaeieo ne?a
iiaeeeaee eeoa i?e ii?aeiaii? an?o oeeo aniaeo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Iniiaiei i?eeiiii aea/aiiy neeaaeieo neiaioa??ieo iaeeieoeue ia
no/aniiio aoai? ? neioaene/iee i?aeo?ae o aeine?aeaeaii? ?o
aea?eaaoe?eii-iii?iaoeaieo i?ioean?a. Neio?ii?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy
neeaaeieo neiaioa??ieo iaeeieoeue ia?aaeaa/a? ia o?eueee a?aeooeaiiy
neioaene/ieo ei?aeyo?a, ui aecia/athoue oi?iaeueio iio?aei?noue
eiiiiceo?a. Aiii oaeiae ni?yiiaaia ia c’ynoaaiiy naiaioe/ii?
iio?aeiino?, ia anoaiiaeaiiy a?aeiioaiue ye i?ae oa??iei oa iio?aeiei,
oae ? i?ae oi?iaioii oa neiaioa??iith iniiaith. C oe??th iaoith o
iiaiciaanoa? oe?iei canoiniao?oueny iaoiae ia?eo?ac, cai?iaaaeaeaiee
iieuenueeei e?iaa?noii A.Aei?ioaanueeei. A inoaii? aeanyoee?ooy noai?aii
/eiaei iaoiaeee c?noaaeaiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa ?c neioaene/ieie
eiino?oeoe?yie. Aeei?enoiaothoueny ia?eo?ace, ??ci? ca aeeaeiith ci?noo,
ca iaaeeaeaiiyi aei oi?iaeueii? no?oeoo?e /e aei neiaieeiaeo
aeao?i?oe?e. Aea a aoaeue-yeiio ?ac? ia?eo?aca aea? /?oea oyaeaiiy i?i
nai i?ioean iii?iaoe??, aeooae?co? aeiaeaoeia? naiaioe/i? eiiiiiaioe, ui
?iie?oeeoii caeeaaeai? o no?oeoo?? neiaa.
I?eeiyoee o ?iaio? aiae?oe/iee iien neeaaeieo aaaioeaieo iaca iineoue
no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/iee oa?aeoa?. Ia ia?oiio aoai? aecia/a?oueny
oi?iaeueia iio?aei?noue eiiiiceo?a oeyoii o?ainoi?iaoe?? ?o o
neioaene/i? neiainiieo/aiiy, eiiiiiaioe yeeo ni?aa?aeiini? c iniiaaie
eiiiiceoa. Ianooiiei aoaiii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? naiaioeei-neiaioa??ia
eeaneo?eaoe?y neeaaeieo aaaioea?a, a iniiao yei? iieeaaeaii iaoiae
ia?eo?acoaaiiy. Ca?aeii c o/aiiyi ss.?icaaaeianueeiai i?i aeai/eaii?noue
neiaioa??ii? aoaeiae aoaeue-yeeo aea?eaao?a, neiaioa??ia ia?eo?aca
oaeiae aoaeo?oueny ?c aeaio /anoei – icia/oaaii? oa icia/aeueii?. A
icia/oaai?e /anoei? ia?eo?ace aenooia? ocaaaeueithth/a neiai – aeac?aiee
caeiaiiee oie aai oa, a a icia/aeuei?e – i?ae?yaeia ?a/aiiy, yea
aeeth/a? oi?iaeueiee ei?aeyo, a i?e iio?aa? – aeiaeaoeia? eiiiiiaioe.
O eiiiiceoao, ooai?aieo niiniaii iniiaineeaaeaiiy, o ?ie? icia/oaaiiai
/eaia aenooia? neiaioai?/ee ao?en. Neiaa oaeiai oeio iathoue iiaea?eia
/eaioaaiiy, ine?eueee a ?oi?e neiaioa??i?e iniia? a naith /a?ao
aeae?eythoueny aieiaiee oa caeaaeiee /eaie (jezyk-o-znaw-c-a,
grom-o-chron-o). O neeaaeieo ?iaiieeao, ooai?aieo niiniaii
iniiai-neiaineeaaeaiiy, icia/oaaiei /eaiii aenooia? o?iaeueiee
eiiiiiaio, yeee ? naiino?eiei ?iaiieeii (turb-o-generator).
Ne?ae caoaaaeeoe, ui neiaioa??ia ia?eo?aca ia caaaeaee iiai?noth
a?aeoai?th? ?aaeueia cia/aiiy aeaiioaoa aai e ocaaae? eiai ia
a?aeoai?th?. Oea o?aiey?oueny, a?aeiia?aeii, i?e eaeneeae?caoe?? /e
o?acaieia?caoe?? naiaioeee eiiiiceo?a. Eoa?yeiaa A.N. Oeiu ycueiauo
cia/aiee. Naiaioeea i?iecaiaeiiai neiaa. – I.: Iaoea, 1981. – N.57.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiiy naiaioeei-neiaioa??ii? eeaneo?eaoe?? neeaaei? ?iaiieee
nomina agentis oa nomina instrumenti a?oiothoueny iaie, ia?aaeon?i, ca
oeiii a?aiaoe/iiai ca’yceo i?ae eiiiiiaioaie (no?yaeiei /e i?ae?yaeiei).
Eiiiiceoe c i?ae?yaeiei ca’yceii o naith /a?ao iiae?eythoueny ia
i?aea?oie ca oa?aeoa?ii naiaioe/ieo a?aeiioaiue i?ae neeaaeieeaie:
ia’?eoieie, ?ino?oiaioaeueieie, ianoaaeiieie, ao?eaooeaieie oa
ao?eaooeaii-e?euee?nieie. O iaaeao eiaeii? i?aea?oie ia i?aenoaa?
ni?eueieo oi?iaeueieo no?oeoo? neiaioa??ieo ia?eo?ac oi?iothoueny
aea?eaaoeai? eeane ?iaiiee?a, ca C.I.Aieioeueeith, – noeoiiino?
iio?aeieo, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iaeiaeiaeie naiaioe/ieie
ni?aa?aeiioaiiyie c oa??ieie.
On? eiiiiiaioe oi?iaeueii? no?oeoo?e ia?eo?ace oiiaii iicia/athoueny
e?oa?aie: S – ?iaiieeiaee eiiiiiaio, A – i?eeiaoieeiaee eiiiiiaio, P –
caeiaiieeiaee eiiiiiaio, Adv – i?ene?aieeiaee eiiiiiaio, V – ae??ne?aiee
eiiiiiaio, Prp – i?eeiaiiee, d – aea?eaaoeaiee ii?o, oi?iaio. A?ao?/i?
neiaiee, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiaeaoeiaei naiaioe/iei eiiiiiaioai,
aa?ooueny a aeoaeee. Oi?iaeueia no?oeoo?a ia?eo?ace neeaaea?oueny c
e?ai? /anoeie – neeaaeiaeo eiiiiiaio?a eiiiiceoa, ? i?aai? – ?acoeueoaoo
ia?eo?acoaaiiy, ui yaey? niaith i?ae?yaeia ?a/aiiy aei ocaaaeueithth/iai
neiaa, ae?aaeaiiai aeac?aiei caeiaiieeii oie aai oa (pracodawca: S + V +
d – oie, ooi VS).
Neiaioa??ia no?oeoo?a eiiiiceo?a o iaaeao eiaeiiai aea?eaaoeaiiai eeano
i?aaenoaaeaia neiaioa??ieie iiaeaeyie, ye? aeeth/athoue a?aeneeeiao oa
oi?ioth/o /anoeie. A?aeneeeiaa /anoeia neeaaeieo ne?a, ia a?aei?io a?ae
i?inoeo aea?eaao?a, neeaaea?oueny c aeaio (aai a?eueoa) neiaioa??ieo
iniia, a oi?ioth/a aeeth/a? neiaioai?/ee ao?en, ?ioa?o?en, a a ie?aieo
aeiaaeeao oaeiae nenoaio cae?i/aiue (samopodawacz: P + o + V + acz).
Iiaeaeueoa ianoaaeaiiy neeaaeieo aaaioea?a ia?aaeaa/a? c?noaaeaiiy
naiaioeee iioeaoth/i? aace oa noie cia/aiue eiiiiiaio?a eiiiiceo?a ? ia
oe?e i?aenoaa? aecia/aiiy aiaeioeaio?e/ieo oa aecioeaio?e/ieo ooai?aiue,
aeae?eaiiy iaae?aaeaieo oa i?e?iuaieo cia/aiue o no?oeoo?? eiiiiceo?a.
Caaa?oaeueiei aoaiii aiae?oe/iiai iieno neeaaeieo aaaioea?a ?
ni?aa?aeianaiiy ?o oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino?.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “No?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea neeaaeieo
?iaiiee?a nomina agentis” aecia/a?oueny oi?iaeueia iio?aei?noue
neeaaeieo iaca aeeiiaaoe?a ae?? oa cae?enith?oueny ?o
naiaioeei-neiaioa??ia eeaneo?eaoe?y. Iaea?eueoa e?euee?noue ?iaiiee?a
oe??? neiaioa??ii? eaoaai??? iioeao?oueny ?iaiieeiai-ae??ne?aieie
neiainiieo/aiiyie c ia’?eoieie a?aeiioaiiyie i?ae eiiiiiaioaie. I?e
oeueiio ia’?eo o ei?aeyoeaieo neiainiieo/aiiyo iiaea aooe ye i?yiei, oae
? iai?yiei (mitotworca – tworzyae mity “oai?eoe i?oe”; herbopis – pisaae
o herbach “ienaoe i?i aa?ae”). Ei?aeyoe?y c oaeei oeiii neioaene/ieo
eiino?oeoe?e aeanoeaa oaeiae aeey aaaioea?a-eiiiiceo?a c iaa?iaiei,
oiaoi ae??ne?aii-?iaiieeiaei ii?yaeeii eiiiiiaio?a (golibroda – goliae
brode “aieeoe ai?iaeo”, skrobipiorek – skrobaae piorem “ae?yiaoe
ia?ii”).
Oeie a?aeiioaiue i?ae ?iaiieeiaei oa ae??ne?aiei eiiiiiaioaie iiaeooue
iaoe oaeiae ianoaaeiiee oa?aeoa? (goro?az – ?aziae po gorach “eaceoe ii
ai?ao”, s?u?bobiorca – braae na s?u?be “a?aoe ia neoaeao”). E??i
oeueiai, ae??ne?aia iniiaa iiaea ii?aeioaaoeny oaeiae ?c caeiaiieeiaith
(samochwa? – chwaliae samego (siebie) “oaaeeoe naiiai (naaa)” aai
chwaliae (siebie) samidzielnie “oaaeeoe (naaa) naiino?eii”). Eiiiiiaio
sam- aeaco? ia ?aoeaeneaiee oa?aeoa? aeeiiaiiy ae??. *?oe?oa
a?aeiioaiiy niiniao aeeiiaiiy ae?? ?ice?eaathoueny o ia?eo?ac?: oie, ooi
nai (naaa) oaaeeoue. Ianoaaeiiee oa?aeoa? a?aeiioaiue aeanoeaee oaeiae
aeey i?ene?aieeiai-ae??ne?aieo ooai?aiue (jawnogrzesznik – jawnie
grzeszyae “a?aee?eoi a??oeoe”).
O?iaeuei? ?iaiieeia? eiiiiiaioe o oi?iaeueieo no?oeoo?ao eiiiiceo?a
nomina agentis niieo/athoueny, e??i ae??ne?aieo, oaeiae ?c ?iaiieeiaeie,
i?eeiaoieeiaeie oa /ene?aieeiaeie iniiaaie. Aeey neioaene/ieo ei?aeyo?a
oaeeo eaenai no?yaeiee ca’ycie ? iaei oa?aeoa?iei (ch?oporobotnik –
ch?op i robotnik “naeyiei ? ?ia?oiee”). ?iaiieeiai-?iaiieeia? oa
i?eeiaoieeiai-?iaiieeia? ooai?aiiy ei?aeththoue c ao?eaooeaieie
neioaaiaie (gazopajeczarz – pajeczarz gazu “iacaeiiiee ei?enooaa/
aacii”, bia?oskornik – bia?a skora “a?ea oe??a”), a
/ene?aieeiai-?iaiieeia? iioeaothoueny neiainiieo/aiiyie c
ao?eaooeaii-e?euee?nieie a?aeiioaiiyie (dwustumetrowiec – dwie?cie
metrow “aea?no? iao??a”, pierwszoligowiec – pierwsza liga “ia?oa e?aa”).
Aeey iiaeaeueoi? naiaioeei-neiaioa??ii? oa?aeoa?enoeee iaca aeeiiaaoe?a
ae?? cae?enith?oueny ?o ia?eo?acoaaiiy, yea oiiaeeeaeth? ia’?aeiaiiy
eiiiiceo?a o aea?eaaoeai? eeane. A?oioaaiiy o aea?eaaoeai? eeane
a?aeaoaa?oueny a caeaaeiino? a?ae /anoeiiiiaii? ni?aa?aeianaiino?
neeaaeiee?a eiiiiceo?a, a?ae oeio naiaioe/ieo a?aeiioaiue i?ae
eiiiiiaioaie oa a?ae ni?aa?aeianaiiy cia/aiiy iioeaoth/i? aace c?
cia/aiiyi iio?aeii? iaeeieoe?. Neeaaei? iacae aeeiiaaoe?a ae?? o
iieuenuee?e iia? iiaeia ia’?aeiaoe a iaeeiaaeoeyoue aea?eaaoeaieo eean?a
(AeE). Ia?o? o?e eeane iienothoueny ia?eo?acaie c ia’?eoieie
a?aeiioaiiyie:
1. S + V + d – oie, ooi VS (cukrowar – ten, kto warzy cukier “oie, ooi
aa?eoue oeoei?”);
2. S + V + d – oie, ooi V (Prp) S (gromow?adca – ten, kto w?ada (nad)
gromami “oie, ooi aieiae?? a?icith”);
3. V + S + d – oie, ooi VS (woziwoda – ten, kto wozi wode “oie, ooi
aiceoue aiaeo”).
Ianooii? o?e aea?eaaoeai? eeane oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ia?eo?acaie c
ianoaaeiieie a?aeiioaiiyie i?ae eiiiiiaioaie:
1. S + V + d – oie, ooi V (Prp) S (domokr??ca – ten, kto kr??y (po)
domach “oie, ooi aeoea? (ii) aoaeeieao”);
2. P + V + d – oie, ooi ?(?i) V (samobojca – ten, kto sam (siebie)
zabija “oie, ooi nai (naaa) aaeaa?”);
3. Adv + V + d – oie, ooi Adv V (wielijad – ten, kto wiele je “oie, ooi
aaaaoi ?noue”).
Ao?eaooeaiee oa?aeoa? a?aeiioaiue i?ae neeaaeieeaie ia?eo?ac oaeiae
aeanoeaee aeey o?ueio AeE:
1. S1 + S2 + d – S2S1 (chormistrz – mistrz choru “ea??aiee oi?o”);
2. A + S + d – oie, ooi (Vo) (Prp) AS (czarnogie?dziarz – ten, kto
(pracuje) (na) czarnej gie?dzie “oie, ooi (i?aoeth?) (ia) /i?i?e
a??ae?”);
3. A + S + d – oie, ooi (Vo) AS (czarnoksie?nik – ten, kto (zna)
“czarne” ksiegi “oie, ooi (cia?) “/i?i?” eieae”).
?iaiieee c ao?eaooeaii-e?euee?nieie oa c no?yaeieie a?aeiioaiiyie i?ae
eiiiiiaioaie ia?eo?ac oai?youe ii iaeiiio AeE:
N + S + d – oie, ooi (V0) (Prp) NS (drugoligowiec – ten, kto (wystepuje)
(w) drugiej lidze “oie, ooi (aenooia?) (a) ae?oa?e e?c?”);
S1 + S2 + d – oie, ooi ? S1 i S2 (widzos?uchacz – ten, kto jest widzem i
s?uchaczem “oie, ooi ? aeyaea/ai ? neooa/ai”).
Aeey eiaeiiai aea?eaaoeaiiai eeano aeanoea? nai? neiaioa??i? iiaeae?,
ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iaaieie oeiaie oi?iaio?a. Iaei?iaeoeoeai?oei
neiaioai?/ei ao?enii aeey neeaaeieo iaca aeeiiaaoe?a ae?? ? -n-a (149
?iaiiee?a), iaio i?iaeoeoeaieie ?: -o (69 ?iaiiee?a), -arz (19
?iaiiee?a), -ec (16 ?iaiiee?a), -nik (7 ?iaiiee?a). C iaeyaeo ia aaeeeo
aaeaioi?noue noo?en?a o no?oeoo?? eiiiiceo?a nomina agentis, na?aae
inoaii?o o?eno?oueny aaeeea e?euee?noue neiaioa??ieo iiaeaeae (26).
O caeaaeiino? a?ae niiniao a?aeoai?aiiy naiaioeee iioeaoth/i? aace o
naiaioeoe? eiiiiceoa neeaaei? ?iaiieee ae?eyoueny ia aiaei- oa
aecioeaio?e/i?. Aecioeaio?e/ieie ? ooai?aiiy, aaaioeaia cia/aiiy yeeo ia
iia’yco?oueny aaciina?aaeiuei c? cia/aiiyi aeiaeiiai c eiiiiiaio?a
iioeaoth/i? aace. Aaaioeaia iciaea oaeeo iaeeieoeue iaeaaeeoue
neiaioai?/iio ao?eno. Oea icia/a?, ui an? eiiiiceoe, ooai?ai? niiniaii
iniiaineeaaeaiiy (c iaoa??aeueii ae?aaeaiith /e ioeueiaith
noo?enaoe??th), iaeaaeaoue aei aecioeaio?e/ieo. Oaeeie ? an? ?iaiieee c
o?iaeueiei ae??ne?aiei eiiiiiaioii.
Aaaioeai?noue aiaeioeaio?e/ieo iaeeieoeue ae?aaea?oueny ia a?aenooi?i o
ieo neiaioai?/ei ao?enii, a naiaioeeith aieiaiiai /eaia – naiino?eiiai
?iaiieea (aai iaio /eai?a – o ?ac? no?yaeieo a?aeiioaiue).
Oaeei /eiii, nomina agentis c o?iaeueiei ?iaiieeiaei eiiiiiaioii ca
naiaioeeith iiaeooue aooe aeaio oei?a: aiaeioeaio?e/ieie, yeui
o?iaeueiee ?iaiieeiaee eiiiiiaio aecia/a? aaaioeai?noue
oe?e?niiioi?ieaii? iaeeieoe? (organomistrz, ch?opourzednik), oa
aecioeaio?e/ieie, yeui ?iaiieeiaee eiiiiiaio aenooia? o aoi?eii?e
ooieoe??, iaceaath/e eeoa iaaio oa?aeoa?enoeeo ae?y/a, a ae?acieeii
aaaioeaiino? ? neiaioai?/ee ao?en (krotkofalowiec, wielkopiecownik).
O ?iaio? i?eeia?oueny iieiaeaiiy I.O.Eeeiaiei i?i iaiao?aei?noue
ni?aa?aeianaiiy oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino? eiiiiceo?a.
Aiae?c oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo iieacaa, ui na?aae iaca aeeiiaaoe?a ae??
oi?iaeueia oa naiaioe/ia iio?aei?noue iiai?noth ca?aathoueny eeoa a
aiaeioeaio?e/ieo ooai?aiiyo c aeaiia ?iaiieeiaeie eiiiiiaioaie, i?ae
yeeie iayaiee ye i?ae?yaeiee, oae ? no?yaeiee ca’ycie. Oi?iaeueia
no?oeoo?a S1 + S2 + d iiaea iaoe aeaa oeie ia?eo?anoe/ieo
?ioa?i?aoaoe?e: S1 S2 (baletmistrz – mistrz baletu) oa oie, ooi ? S1 i
S2 (ch?oporobotnik – ten, kto jest ch?opem ? robotnikiem). A
aecioeaio?e/ieo eiiiiceoao c iii?iei ?iaiieeiaei /eaiii oi?iaeueia
iio?aei?noue eeoa /anoeiai a?aeoai?th? naiaioeeo iiaiai iaeiaioaaiiy,
aeacoth/e aai ia ia’?eo ae??: A + S + d – oie, ooi (V0) AS (bia?oskornik
– ten, kto (wyprawia) bia?? skore “oie, ooi (ae?iaey?) a?eo oe??o”),
aai ia i?noea ae??: A + S + d – oie, ooi (V0) (Prp) AS (wielkopiecownik
– ten, kto (pracuje) (przy) wielkim piecu “oie, ooi (i?aoeth?) (a?ey)
aeiiaiii? ia/?”), aai ia aeae ae?yeueiino?: A + S + d – oie, ooi (V0)
(Prp ) AS; N + S + d – oie, ooi (V0) (Prp) NS (d?ugodystansowiec – ten,
kto (biega) (na) d?ugie dystansy “oie, ooi (a?aa?) (ia) aeiaa?
aeenoaioe??”, czterystumetrowiec – ten, kto (biega) (na) czterysta
metrow “oie, ooi (a?aa?) (ia) /ioe?enoa iao??a”), aai ia i??o
i?ioan?eii? caeiyoino?: N + S + d – oie, ooi (V0) (Prp) NS (po?etatowiec
– ten, kto (pracuje) (na) po? etatu “oie, ooi (i?aoeth?) (ia) iieiaeio
noaaee”).
Oaeei /eiii, on? aecioeaio?e/i? ooai?aiiy, ye? ia aeeth/athoue o naith
oi?iaeueio no?oeoo?o ae??ne?aiee eiinoeooaio, ? aei iaaii? i??e
eaeneeae?ciaaieie, ine?eueee iathoue eaoaioio i?aaeeeaoe?th. O
ia?eo?acao, ui iathoue naiaioeei-neiaioa??iee oa?aeoa?, aeooae?co?oueny
eaoaioiee i?aaeeeao, a oaeiae aecia/athoueny a?aeiioaiiy i?ae
i?aaeeeaoii oa /eaiaie oi?iaeueiiai ei?aeyoa.
Ni?aa?aeianaiiy oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino? eiiiiceo?a c
iii?iei ae??ne?aiei eiiiiiaioii iieaco?, ui a?aeiioaiiy i?ae /eaiaie
oi?iaeueieo ei?aeyo?a a?aeiia?aeathoue a?aeiioaiiyi i?ae eiiiiiaioaie
naiaioeei-neiaioa??ieo ia?eo?ac, ine?eueee aieiaiee (ae??ne?aiee) /eai
caaaeaee ni?aa?aeiineoueny c i?aaeeeaoii o no?oeoo?? ia?eo?ace, a
caeaaeiee – c ia’?eoii ae?? aai ?? ianoaaeiith. I?e oeueiio iaeiaeiaa
oi?iaeueia no?oeoo?a iiaea aooe ?aae?ciaaia o e?eueeio ia?eo?acao ?,
iaaiaee, iaeia ia?eo?aca iiaea aooe ni?eueiith aeey ??cieo oi?iaeueieo
no?oeoo?. Aeey oaeiai oeio eiiiiceo?a oaeiae aeanoeaa eaeneeae?caoe?y
naiaioeee. Oea, cie?aia, noino?oueny iaca i?ioan?eieo aeeiiaaoe?a ae??,
a yeeo cia/aiiy i?ioan?iiae?cio ia ae?aaea?oueny i?yii, a eeoa
aeiieneth?oueny Eoa?yeiaa A.N., aeacaia ?iaioa, N.57-58..
Ia?eo?ace, ui canoiniaothoueny i?e aiae?c? ?iaiiee?a nomina agentis, a
iniiaiiio, iathoue naiaioeei-neiaioa??iee oa?aeoa?, ine?eueee aiie
a?aeia?aaeathoue ye i?ioean oai?aiiy iiai? iacae, oae ? oai?aiiy eiai
naiaioeee. Eeoa aei ?iaiiee?a c iaoaoi?eciaaiith aioo??oiueith oi?iith
iaiiaeeeai canoiniaoaaoe oaeo ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th. Oea, ia?aaaaeii,
noee?noe/ii ia?eiaai? ?iaiieee c ia?oith ae??ne?aiith iniiaith, ye?
noai?ai? c iaaiith aoii?enoe/iith iaoith. Iaoaoi?ecaoe?y iaea i?noea ua
o i?ioean? neiaioai?aiiy, oiio naiaioe/ia ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y oaeeo ooai?aiue
a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae neiaioa??ieo ia?eo?ac (neiaioa??ia ia?eo?aca
eaenaie pasibrzuch – ten, kto pasie brzuch “oie, ooi iana /a?aai”, a
naiaioe/ia ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y — “oie, ooi aeoia? eeoa i?i oa, uia ia?noeny
— aea?ii?ae, ia?iaa”.
O?ao?e ?icae?e “No?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea neeaaeieo ?iaiiee?a
nomina instrumenti” i?noeoue aiae?oe/iee iien neeaaeieo iaca cania?a
ae??. Oeae iien cae?enith?oueny ca oaeith ae noaiith, ui e aiae?c iaca
aeeiiaaoe?a ae??. Nii/aoeo aecia/a?oueny oi?iaeueia iio?aei?noue
?iaiiee?a oeyoii o?ainoi?iaoe?? ?o o ei?aeyoeai? neiainiieo/aiiy.
A?eueo?noue iaeeieoeue oe??? neiaioa??ii? eaoaai???, oae naii, ye ?
iiia?aaeiuei?, iioeaiaaia ?iaiieeiai-ae??ne?aieie neiainiieo/aiiyie c
ia’?eoieie a?aeiioaiiyie ( c i?yiei oa iai?yiei ia’?eoii)
(ci?nieniomierz – mierzyae ci?nienie “i??yoe oene”, deszczochron –
chroniae przed deszczem “caoeuaoe a?ae aeiuo”).
Aeey ?iaiieeiai-ae??ne?aieo neioaene/ieo ei?aeyo?a aeanoea? oaeiae
?ino?oiaioaeuei? oa ianoaaeii? a?aeiioaiiy (parowoz – woziae przy pomocy
pary “aiceoe ca aeiiiiiaith ia?e”, wodolot – lataae po wodzie “e?oaoe
ii aiae?”).
Ianoaaeiiee oa?aeoa? a?aeiioaiue iayaiee oaeiae o
caeiaiieeiai-ae??ne?aieo oa i?ene?aieeiai-ae??ne?aieo eiino?oeoe?yo
(samo?adowacz – sam ?aduje “nai aaioaaeeoue”, szybkowoz – szybko wozi
“oaeaeei aiceoue”).
A ooai?aiiyo c aeaio ?iaiieeiaeo eiiiiiaio?a, ia a?aei?io a?ae
eiiiiceo?a nomina agentis, ia?aaaaea? no?yaeiee ca’ycie i?ae
neeaaeieeaie. Oea, a iniiaiiio, iia? iacae iaoei oa iaoai?ci?a
(koparkospycharka – koparka i spycharka “aeneaaaoi? ? aoeueaeica?”). O
oa??ieo neioaaiao ?c i?ae?yaeiei ca’yceii iayai? ao?eaooeai?
a?aeiioaiiy, ye? ae?aaeathoueny ca aeiiiiiaith aeiaeaoeiaeo eiiiiiaio?a
(cementobarka – barka (do przewozu) cementu “aa?aea (aeey ia?aaacaiiy)
oeaiaioo”). Ao?eaooeai? a?aeiioaiiy oaeiae oa?aeoa?i? aeey
i?eeiaoieeiai-?iaiieeiaeo no?oeoo? (turbogenerator – generator turbinowy
“oo?a?iiee aaia?aoi?”).
I?ney aecia/aiiy oi?iaeueii? iio?aeiino? neeaaeieo iaca cania?a ae??
i?iaiaeeoueny ?o naiaioeei-neiaioa??ia eeaneo?eaoe?y. Ca ni?eueieie
caaaeueieie ia?eo?acaie oae? ?iaiieee ia’?aeiothoueny o 10 aea?eaaoeaieo
eean?a.
O ia?o? o?e AeE aoiaeyoue nomina instrumenti c ia’?eoieie a?aeiioaiiyie
i?ae eiiiiiaioaie ia?eo?ac:
1. S + V + d – oa, ui VS aai oa, ca aeiiiiiaith /iai iiaeia VS Aeey
a?eueoino? eiiiiceo?a nomina instrumenti iiaeeea? aeaa aa??aioe
ia?eo?ac: oa, ui… aai oa, ca aeiiiiiaith /iai…. (sianozgrabiarka – to,
co zgrabia siano “oa, ui ca??aa? n?ii” aai “oa, ca aeiiiiiaith /iai
iiaeia ca??aaoe n?ii”);
2. S + V + d – oa, ui V(S0) S (benzynomierz – to, co mierzy (ilo?ae)
benzyny “oa, ui i??y? (e?euee?noue) aaiceio”);
3. S + V + d – oa, ui V (Prp) S (wiatrochron – to, co chroni (przed)
wiatrem “oa, ui caoeua? (a?ae) a?o?o”).
A ie?aiee aea?eaaoeaiee eean aeae?eythoueny ?iaiieee c
?ino?oiaioaeueieie a?aeiioaiiyie i?ae eiiiiiaioaie, aeanoeaeie eeoa aeey
iaca cania?a ae??: S + V + d – oa, ui V (ca aeiiiiiaith) S (?wiat?opis –
to, co pisze (przy pomocy) ?wiat?a “oa, ui ieoa ca aeiiiiiaith na?oea”).
Eiiiiceoe c ianoaaeiieie a?aeiioaiiyie ia’?aeiothoueny ca o?ueiia AeE ?
iienothoueny oaeeie ia?eo?acaie:
1. S + V + d – oa, ca aeiiiiiaith /iai iiaeia V (Prp) S (ruroci?g – to,
przy pomocy czego mo?na ci?gn?ae (po) rurach “oa, ca aeiiiiiaith /iai
iiaeia i?iaiaeeoe (ii) o?oaao”);
2. P + V + d – oa, ui PV (samograj – to, co samo graje “oa, ui naii
a?a?”);
3. Adv + V + d – oa, ui Adv V (d?ugopis – to, co d?ugo pisze “oa, ui
aeiaai ieoa”).
Aeaa aea?eaaoeai? eeane aecia/athoueny ao?eaooeaieie a?aeiioaiiyie i?ae
neeaaeieeaie:
1. A + S + d – SA (parostatek – statek parowy “ia?iaa noaeii”);
2. S1 + S2 + d – S2, yea (V0) S1 aai S2 (Prp) (S0) S1
(weglozb?ornikowiec – zb?ornikowiec, ktory (przewozi) wegiel “oaiea?,
yeee (ia?aaiceoue) aoa?eey” aai zbiornikowiec (do) (przewozu) wegla
“oaiea? (aeey) (ia?aaacaiiy) aoa?eey”).
Ia?aoo? inoaii?e AeE ia? ia?eo?aco, yea ?ai?acaioo? no?yaeiee ca’ycie
i?ae eiiiiiaioaie:
S1 + S2 + d – oa, ui ? S1 ? S2 (kosiarko?adowacz – to, co jest kosiark?
i ?adowaczem “oa, ui ? eina?eith ? iaaaioaaeoaa/ai”).
?iaiieee nomina instrumenti an?o aea?eaaoeaieo eean?a ooai?ththoueny ca
o?eiaaeoeyoueia neiaioa??ieie iiaeaeyie. Iaei?iaeoeoeai?oei neiaioai?/ei
ao?enii o oe?e eaoaai??? aenooia? ioeueiaee noo?en (175 ?iaiiee?a).
Aei aiaeioeaio?e/ieo neeaaeieo iaca cania?a ae?? oae naii, ye ? iaca
aeeiiaaoe?a ae??, iaeaaeaoue eiiiiceoe, ooai?ai? niiniaii
iniiai-neiaineeaaeaiiy c iii?iei ?iaiieeiaei eiiiiiaioii, cia/aiiy yeiai
aecia/a? aaaioeai?noue an??? oe?e?niiioi?ieaii? iaeeieoe?, aai c aeaiia
iacaeaaeieie eiiiiiaioaie (gazogenerator, cementonaczepa, m?ynkomikser).
On? eiiiiceoe c aieiaiei ae??ne?aiei eiiiiiaioii iaeaaeaoue aei
aecioeaio?e/ieo, iin??i aaaioeaiino? yeeo aenooia? neiaioai?/ee ao?en
(sianozgrabiarka, samopodawacz, szybkowoz).
Iiaia aca?iia?aeiia?aei?noue oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino?
iayaia a on?o aiaeioeaio?e/ieo eiiiiceoao, oiaoi a ooai?aiiyo c
i?eeiaoieeiai-?iaiieeiaeie eiiiiiaioaie oa c aeaiia ?iaiieeiaeie
neeaaeieeaie. Oae? iii?iaoeai? iaeeieoe? aiioeaiaai? ca iacaith caniao
ae?? oa ca eiai iciaeith /e i?ecia/aiiyi (motorower – rower motorowy
“aaeineiaae c iioi?ii”, cementosamochod – samochod (do) (przewozu)
cementu “aaoiiia?eue (aeey) (ia?aaacaiiy) oeaiaioo”) aai ca aeaiia
iacaaie cania?a ae?? (p?ugobrona – to, co jest p?ugiem i bron? “oa, ui ?
ieoaii ? ai?iiith”). O iacaao ?c aeaiia ?iaiieeiaeie /anoeiaie c
i?ae?yaeiei ca’yceii iayaia eaeneeae?caoe?y naiaioeee, ine?eueee o
ia?eo?ac? oaeeo ooai?aiue a?aeaoaa?oueny aeooae?caoe?y i?aaeeeaoa,
eaoaioiiai o oi?iaeuei?e no?oeoo?? oe?e?niiioi?ieaii? iaeeieoe?.
I?e ni?aa?aeianaii? oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino? ?iaiiee?a
nomina instrumenti c iii?iei ae??ne?aiei eiiiiiaioii oae naii, ye ? a
iiia?aaei?e neiaioa??i?e eaoaai???, i?iyaey?oueny a?aeiia?aei?noue
a?aeiioaiue i?ae /eaiaie oi?iaeueieo ei?aeyo?a oa i?ae eiiiiiaioaie
naiaioeei-neiaioa??ieo ia?eo?ac. Aea ia?eo?ace, e??i oi?iaeueieo
ei?aeyo?a, aeeth/athoue oaeiae a?aeiia?aeieee neiaioai?/eo ao?en?a, ui
aeeiiothoue ?ieue noa’?eoa, iicia/oaaiiai o ia?eo?ac? caeiaiieeii oa, a
i?e iaiao?aeiino? oaeiae aeiaeaoeia? naiaioe/i? eiiiiiaioe. Oae,
cie?aia, aeaye? iacae i?eeaae?a ? /anoeiai eaeneeae?ciaaieie, ine?eueee
aeac?aea ia ia’?eo ae?? o ia?eo?ac? ae?aaea?oueny neiainiieo/aiiyi,
oiae? ye o oi?iaeuei?e no?oeoo?? eiiiiceo?a i?aaenoaaeaiee eeoa iaeei
/eai oaeiai neiainiieo/aiiy (chloromierz – to, co mierzy (zawarto?ae)
chloru “oa, ui aei??th? (ai?no) oei?o”).
Ne?ae cacia/eoe oaeiae, ui aeey ?iaiieeiai-ae??ne?aieo ooai?aiue
eaoaai??? nomina instrumenti, ye ? eaoaai??? nomina agentis,
oa?aeoa?iith ? aa??aioi?noue iiaeaeae naiaioe/ii? aiioeaiaaiino?. Oae,
?iaiieee nomina instrumenti c? no?oeoo?ith S + V + d iioeaothoueny ca
ae??th oa ia’?eoii ae?? (i?yiei ? iai?yiei), ca ae??th oa aeaea?aeii
ae??, ca ae??th oa ianoaaeiiith oa?aeoa?enoeeith ae??.
O aeniiaeao i?aenoiiaothoueny ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aecia?oueny
aeioe?euei?noue canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeo ia?eo?acoaaiiy i?e iiaeeaeaiiio
aiae?c? aaaioea?a-eiiiiceo?a. ?aeiino?oeoe?y neiaioa??iiai i?ioeano ye
aeoo iii?iaoe?? aeicaiey? ?ice?eoe naiaioe/io oa oi?iaeueio eiii?an?th
aaciai? neioaene/ii? eiino?oeoe?? o oe?e?niiioi?ieai?e iaeeieoe?,
aeyaeoe i?e?iuai? naiaioe/i? eiiiiiaioe o no?oeoo?? eiiiiceo?a.
Aeei?enoaiiy ia?eo?ac aeey ianoaaeaiiy eiiiiceo?a aeicaiey? iieacaoe
iiaea?eia /eaioaiiy ?o naiaioeei-neiaioa??ii? no?oeoo?e.
Aiae?c naiaioeee oa niinia?a oai?aiiy neeaaeieo ?iaiiee?a iaio
neiaioa??ieo eaoaai??e aeiaiaeeoue, ui aaaioeaia iciaea a
aecioeaio?e/ieo ooai?aiiyo iaeaaeeoue neiaioai?/iio ao?eno, oiae? ye
aaaioeai?noue aiaeioeaio?e/ieo iaeeieoeue aecia/a?oueny naiaioeeith
iii?iiai eiiiiiaioa – naiino?eiiai ?iaiieea (aai ae iaio eiiiiiaio?a – o
?ac? no?yaeieo a?aeiioaiue i?ae ieie).
Ni?aa?aeianaiiy oi?iaeueii? oa naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino? neeaaeieo
aaaioeaieo iaca aea? i?aenoaae noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui iiaia ?o
a?aeiia?aei?noue iayaia eeoa a aiaeioeaio?e/ieo ooai?aiiyo, a oi?iaeuei?
ei?aeyoe aecioeaio?e/ieo ?iaiiee?a eeoa /anoeiai a?aeia?aaeathoue ?o
naiaioeeo. Iaeiaeiaee oi?iaeueiee neeaae eiiiiceo?a iiaea ?ai?acaiooaaoe
??ci? naiaioe/i? iiaeae? ia o?eueee ia i?aeeaoaai??aeueiiio ??ai?, aea e
o iaaeao iaei??? neiaioa??ii? eaoaai???.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeaii a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:
1) Neeaaei? ?iaiieee nomina instrumenti o iieuenuee?e oa oe?a?inuee?e
iiaao // Iiaa oa ?noi??y: Ia??iaee/iee ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. – E.,
1997. – Aei. 29. – N.12-14.
2) Naiaioe/ia aiioeaiaai?noue neeaaeieo ?iaiiee?a o iieuenuee?e iia? //
Iiaa oa ?noi??y: Ia??iaee/iee ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. – E., 1998. –
Aei. 38. – N.3-7.
3) No?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/i? iniaeeaino? neeaaeieo aaaioeaieo iaca o
iieuenuee?e iia? // Iiaiciaanoai. – 1998. – ?6. – N. 52-54.
4) Neeaaei? iacae aeeiiaaoe?a ae?? c ia?oei ae??ne?aiei eiiiiiaioii o
iieuenuee?e iia? // A?niee Ee?anueeiai ?inoeoooo “Neia’yinueeee
oi?aa?neoao”. – Ee?a, 1999. – Aei. 3. – N.
5) Eiio?iioaoeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?aiiy ?iaiieo eiiiiceo?a o
iieuenuee?e oa oe?a?inuee?e iiaao //E?iaa?noe/i? nooae?? ? i?iaeaie
iaoe?iiaeueii? ina?oe: Ca??iee oac. *anoeia ??. – Aa?aeyinuee, 1993. –
N.11.
Aiioaoe?y
I?eiea?iei E.?. No?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea
aaaioea?a-eiiiiceo?a o iieuenuee?e iia?. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 10.02.03 – neia’yinuee? iiae. – ?inoeooo
iiaiciaanoaa ?i. I.I.Iioaai? IAI Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi naiaioeei-neiaioa??iiai aiae?co
neeaaeieo aaaioeaieo iaca iieuenueei? iiae. O ?iaio? aeei?enoaii iaoiae
ia?eo?acoaaiiy aeey ?aeiino?oeoe?? i?ioean?a oai?aiiy neeaaeieo
?iaiiee?a nomina agentis sensu stricto i nomina instrumenti. Aecia/aii
?o neiaioa??io no?oeoo?o oa naiaioe/io aiioeaiaai?noue. I?iaiae?ciaaii
nooi?iue a?aeoai?aiiy cia/aiiy iioeaoth/i? aace a aiaei- oa
aecioeaio?e/ieo ooai?aiiyo. Ia iniia? ni?aa?aeianaiiy oi?iaeueii? oa
naiaioe/ii? iio?aeiino? aeiaaaeaii, ui iaeiaeiaa oi?iaeueia no?oeoo?a
eiiiiceo?a iiaea aooe iai?oanoiaaia ??cieie naiaioe/ieie iiaeaeyie ia
o?eueee ia i?aeeaoaai??aeueiiio ??ai?, aea e o iaaeao iaei???
neiaioa??ii? eaoaai???.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: neiaioa??ia ia?eo?aca, neiaioa??ia iiaeaeue, naiaioe/ia
aiioeaiaai?noue, oi?iaeueiee ei?aeyo, aea?eaaoeaiee eean, oi?iaio,
neiaioa??ia eaoaai??y, aaaioeae-eiiiiceoe, neiaioa??ia naiaioeea.
Aiiioaoeey
Ieeieaaiei E.E. No?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea
aaaioeaia-eiiiiceoia a iieueneii ycuea. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeeieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 10.02.03 – neaayineea ycuee. – Einoeooo
ycueiaaaeaiey ei. A.A. Iioaaie IAI Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai naiaioeei-neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiiai
aiaeeca neiaeiuo aaaioeaiuo nouanoaeoaeueiuo iieueneiai ycuea.
Aaaioeaiuie i?eciathony oaeea iaeiaiiaaiey, a naiaioe/aneie no?oeoo?a
eioi?uo caeeth/aaony oeacaiea ia ooieoeeth, auiieiyaioth eeoeii eee
i?aaeiaoii. Iie ?ani?aaeaeythony ii aeaoi neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiui
eaoaai?eyi – nomina agentis sensu stricto e nomina instrumenti. I?eiyoia
a ?aaioa aiaeeoe/aneia iienaiea aaaioeaia-eiiiiceoia iai?aaeaii ia
onoaiiaeaiea eo oi?iaeueiie e naiaioe/aneie i?iecaiaeiinoe, ii?aaeaeaiea
neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuo iiaeaeae, a oaeaea ia enneaaeiaaiea noaiaie
aini?iecaaaeaiey cia/aiey iioeae?othuae aacu a naiaioeea yiaei- e
yecioeaio?e/aneeo ia?aciaaiee, auyaeaiea aeiiieieoaeueiuo naiaioe/aneeo
eiiiiiaioia a no?oeoo?a neiaeiuo aaeeieoe. Oi?iaeueiay i?iecaiaeiinoue
nouanoaeoaeueiuo onoaiaaeeaaaony iooai o?ainoi?iaoeee eo a
neioaene/aneea ei??aeyou, /oi aea?o aiciiaeiinoue ii?aaeaeeoue
/anoa?a/ioth i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue eiiiiiaioia neiaeiiai neiaa, a oaeaea
oeiu ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ieie. A iniiao aeaeueiaeoae
naiaioeei-neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiie eeanneoeeaoeee iieiaeai iaoiae
ia?eo?ace?iaaiey. Ia?eo?acu, eniieuecoaiua a ?aaioa, aini?iecaiaeyo
oi?iaeueioth e naiaioe/aneoth eiii?anneth aaciaie neioaene/aneie
eiino?oeoeee a oeaeueiiioi?ieaiiie aaeeieoea, ?ane?uaatho i?e?auaiiua
naiaioe/aneea eiiiiiaiou, eiieeoeeoiua a no?oeoo?a eiiiiceoia.
Ia?eo?ace?iaaiea neiaeiuo nouanoaeoaeueiuo aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
iauaaeeieoue eo a aea?eaaoeeiiiua eeannu – niaieoiiinoe i?iecaiaeiuo,
oa?aeoa?ecothueony iaeeiaeiaui naiaioe/aneei niioiioaieai n
i?iecaiaeyueie. Neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiay no?oeoo?a eiiiiceoia a eaaeaeii
aea?eaaoeeiiiii eeanna i?aaenoaaeaia neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuie iiaeaeyie,
aeeth/athueie ionuei/ioth e oi?ie?othuoth /anoe. Ionuei/iay /anoue
neiaeiuo neia ninoieo ec aeaoo (e aieaa) i?iecaiaeyueo iniia, a
oi?ie?othuay aeeth/aao neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiue aooeen, eioa?oeen, a a
ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo oaeaea nenoaio ieii/aiee.
Neiaeiua eiaia aeayoaey a iieueneii ycuea iiaeii iauaaeeieoue a
iaeeiiaaeoeaoue aea?eaaoeeiiiuo eeannia. Neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiay no?oeoo?a
yoeo iacaaiee i?aaenoaaeaia aeaaaeoeaoueth oanoueth
neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuie iiaeaeyie. Iaeaieaa i?iaeoeoeaiuie yaeythony
iiaeaee, aeeth/athuea iaoa?eaeueii au?aaeaiiue aooeen -n-a e ioeaaie
aooeen. Eiiiiceoiua noanoaioeau nomina instrumenti iauaaeeiythony a
aeanyoue aea?eaaoeeiiiuo eeannia. No?oeoo?a neiaeiuo iacaaiee n?aaenoa
o?oaea au?aaeaia a o?eiaaeoeaoe neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuo iiaeaeyo.
Aieueoeinoai nouanoaeoaeueiuo yoie eaoaai?ee ia?aciaaiu i?e iiiiue
ioeaaiai noooeena.
Aiaeec naiaioeee e niiniaia ia?aciaaiey neiaeiuo aaeeieoe iaaeo
neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuo eaoaai?ee iieacuaaao, /oi i?eciae aaaioeaiinoe a
yecioeaio?e/aneeo ia?aciaaieyo i?eiaaeeaaeeo neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiiio
aooeeno, oiaaea eae aaaioeaiinoue yiaeioeaio?e/aneeo eiiiiceoia
ii?aaeaeyaony naiaioeeie iii?iiai eiiiiiaioa – naiinoiyoaeueiiai
nouanoaeoaeueiiai (eee iaieo eiiiiiaioia – a neo/aa ni/eieoaeueiie nayce
iaaeaeo ieie). Ia iniiaa niioiioaiey oi?iaeueiie e naiaioe/aneie
i?iecaiaeiinoe aeieacaii, /oi iieiia eo niioaaonoaea iaaethaeaaony
oieueei a yiaeioeaio?e/aneeo ia?aciaaieyo, a oi?iaeueiua ei??aeyou
yecioeaio?e/aneeo noanoaioeaia eeoue /anoe/ii io?aaeatho eo naiaioeeo.
Iaeeiaeiaay oi?iaeueiay no?oeoo?a eiiiiceoia iiaeao auoue
iaieoanoe?iaaia ?aciuie naiaioe/aneeie iiaeaeyie ia oieueei ia
iaaeaeoeaoaai?eaeueiii o?iaia, ii e aioo?e iaeiie neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiie
eaoaai?ee.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiay ia?eo?aca, neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiay
iiaeaeue, naiaioe/aneay iioeae?iaaiiinoue, oi?iaeueiue ei??aeyo,
aea?eaaoeeiiiue eeann, oi?iaio, neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiay eaoaai?ey,
aaaioeau-eiiiiceou, neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiay naiaioeea.
Summary
Nikolayenko L.I. Structural-semantic characteristics of agentive
composites in the Polish language. – Manuscript.
A philology Candidate thesis (specialty10.02.03 – Slavonic languages).
– O.O.Potebnya Institute of Linguistics of National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 1999.
The thesis is dedicated to problems of semantic-derivational analysis
of Polish compound agentive nouns. The method of paraphrasing is used in
the work to reconstruct the processes of formation of composite of the
nomina agentis sensu stricto and nomina instrumenti type. Their
derivational structure and semantic motivation are established. The
degree of reproduction of underlying components’ meaning of endo- and
exocentric compounds is analyzed. Proceeding from correlation between
semantic and formal structures can represent different semantic models
not only on the intercategorial level but also within the same
word-forming category.
Key words word-forming periphrasis, derivational pattern, semantic
motivation, formal correlative, derivational class, formative,
word-forming category, agentive compositum, derivational meaning.
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