.

Творчість Євгена Маланюка і ‘Празька школа’ українських поетів: Автореф. дис… канд. філол. наук / О.Ф. Прохоренко, Нац. пед. ун-т ім. М.П.Драгоманов

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IAOe?IIAEUeIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

?iai? I.I.Ae?AAIIAIIAA

I?IOI?AIEI IENAIA OAIAeIN??AIA

OAeE 833 (093)

OAI?*?NOUe ?AAAIA IAEAITHEA ?

“I?ACUeEA OEIEA” OE?A?INUeEEO IIAO?A

10.01.01 — oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a-1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e Noinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo ?iai? A.N.Iaea?aiea.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – ae?eniee /eai AII,

aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?

O?iiei Iao?i Iaianiae/,

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai?

I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio,

Ooiiue A?eai??e Iaeneiiae/,

?inoeooo e?oa?aoo?e ?iai?
Oa?ana Oaa/aiea,

canooiiee aee?aeoi?a c ieoaiue
iaoee

– eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaio,

Eooeaiei Eaii?ae Aaneeueiae/,

E??iaia?aaenueeee
iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? A.E.Aeiie/aiea,
eaoaae?a oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Eai”yiaoeue-Iiae?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao,

eaoaae?a oe?a?inueei?
e?oa?aoo?e,

I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie,

i. Eai”yiaoeue-Iiae?euenueeee.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 19 ” aeiaoiy 1999?. i 14. 30 ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 26.053.04 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i.Ee?a, aoe.
Ie?iaiaa, 9 ).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i.Ee?a,
aoe. Ie?iaiaa, 9).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 18 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
I.I.Aaeueiia

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe.

Aeooaeuei?noue oa aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy ii?ooaii? iaoeiai?
i?iaeaie coiiaeaia ia”?eoeaiith iaiao?aei?noth eiiieaeniiai aea/aiiy
oai?/ino? ?aaaia Iaeaithea a ?? i?aai?/ieo aca?iica”yceao c
e?oa?aoo?iith ae?yeuei?noth “I?acueei? oeiee” oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a.

Oi?iaeiaae aaaaoueio aeanyoe??/ c oe?a?inueeiai e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano
ianeeueii aeeo/aeeny aeanyoee ?iai ienueiaiiee?a, a ?o oai?/?noue
oaeueneo?eoaaeany aai na?aeiii iaieiaeany, caiia/oaaeany. Oaea noiia
aeiey ni?oeaea e?oa?aoo?io niaaeueio aaaaoueio oe?a?inueeeo
ienueiaiiee?a-ai?a?aio?a, cie?aia iiao?a “I?acueei? oeiee”, yeo
?ai?acaiooaaee ?.Iaeaithe, TH.Aea?aaai, I.Noaoaiiae/, E.Iinaiaec,
TH.Eeia, I.Eyoo?einueea, I.Ieueaee/, I.Oae?aa, I.E?aeoeueea-Oieiaeia,
I.*e?nueeee oa ?io?. Inoaii?ie ?ieaie a ia??iaeeoe?, aioieia?yo oa
ie?aieie aeaeaiiyie a Oe?a?i? aeoiaeyoue eieenue caai?iiai? oai?e
ieooe?a. Aaaaoi c?iaeaii e?oa?aoo?iciaaoeyie ? ca ei?aeiiii, ? a
Oe?a?i? aeey ia?ainieneaiiy neeaaeieo e?oa?aoo?ieo i?ioean?a
i?aeai?iiiai aeaaaeoeyoee?ooy (1921-1939). I?iaeaie ai?a?aoe?eii?
e?oa?aoo?e aena?oethaaee o nai?o i?aoeyo oae? e?oa?aoo?iciaaoe?, ye
I.Aaaai, A.Aie/oe, TH.Aieei-Aeio?i, A.Aea?aeaaei, I.?eueieoeueeee,
TH.Eiaae?a, A.Einothe, I.Iaa?eee, O.Iia?aaaiiee, A.?oa/ae, O.Naeeaa,
A.Naa?iee, TH.Oa?ao, ?.O?ca?. Na?aae oeeo i?aoeue – iiiia?ao?/ia
aeine?aeaeaiiy I.?eueieoeueeiai “A?ae “Iieiaei? Ioce” aei “I?acueei?
oeiee” (Euea?a,1995), eio?a, cie?aia, i?noeoue e?eueea ii?o?ao?a
i?aaenoaaiee?a “I?acueei? oeiee” oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a.

Ia?oith ni?iaith ciaethaaoe ?.Iaeaithea ? ye iiaoa, ? ye
a?iiaaenueeiai ae?y/a, i?iaiae?coaaaoe na?oiaeyaei? e oaiaoe/i? aniaeoe
an??? oai?/ino?, iiai? oa oi?iaeuei? iniaeeaino? eiai iiac??, aoea
iiiia?ao?y THe?? Aie/eoei “ss?ee e?ee ? a?eue ooaeaaee …”

(Ee?a,1993). C?inoa? caoe?eaaeaiiy oai?/?noth ?aaaia Iaeaithea ? o
a?o/eciyi?e e?oa?aoo?i?e iaooe?. Aaaiiee aianie o aeine?aeaeaiiy
niaaeueie ienueiaiieea c?iaeee I.?eueieoeueeee, TH.Eiaae?a, E.Eooeaiei,
I.Iaa?eee, O.Naeeaa, A.Neaie?iue. E?eoe/iee aiae?c ooaeiaeiuei?
oai?/ino? e iaoeiai? niaaeueie i?aaenoaaeaiee i?aoeyie I.Aaaaia,
A.Aaceeaanueeiai, TH.Aa?aaaoa, E.*a?aaaoaiea, I.E?oia/a, I.Eenaiei,
I.Ie?iiaoeue, I.Iaoe?e, A.Iaai?aea.

I?ioa iei? ua iaia? niaoe?aeueiiai eiiieaeniiai neioaoe/ii-aiae?oe/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?i i?noea “I?acueei? oeiee” oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a a
e?oa?aoo?iiio i?ioean? 20-30-o ?ie?a, i?i oai?/? aca?ieie ?.Iaeaithea ye
iaeaecia/i?oiai i?aaenoaaieea oe??? iiaoe/ii? a?oie c ?ioeie ??
/eaiaie. Ioaea, aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iacaaii? i?iaeaie
i/aaeaeia. Aeioe?euei?noue

aea/aiiy ?icaeoeo “i?aaeai” coiiaeth?oueny iaiao?aei?noth ?icoe?aiiy
oyaeaiue i?i oeae aoai e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano ye i?aai?/ii? eaiee
?noi??? oe?a?inueeiai ienueiainoaa.

Ca”ycie ?iaioe c i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie

Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e Noinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo ?iai? A.N.Iaea?aiea, ocaiaeaeaia c
ieaiaie, oaiaoeeith oa caaaeueiei i?io?eai iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue
i?iaeai iia?oiuei? e?oa?aoo?e.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iiaoe/i? oai?e ?.Iaeaithea oa ?ioeo
i?aaenoaaiee?a “I?acueei? oeiee” oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a, iia”ycai? c ieie
e?oa?aoo?iciaa/?, e?eoe/i?, ioae?oeenoe/i? aenooie ienueiaiiee?a, ?o
ai?noiey??e.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o aea/aii? oai?/i? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiino?
?aaaia Iaeaithea ia oe? ?noi?e/iiai ? ienoaoeueeiai aeeooy oe?a?inueei?
ai?a?aoe?? 20-30-o ?ie?a, aiae?c? eiai iiaoe/ii? iaia?e,
i?aena?aeiieo ia?oi?iioeuen?a ienueiaiieea, iiaeeo?eaoe?e “a?/ieo”
ia?ac?a, o c?noaaeaii? ienoaoeueeeo ?aaeoe?e “i?aaeai” ia o? nai?
iiae?? ?noi?e/iiai aeeooy, aena?oeaii? iiieiioi?i?nonueeiai iaoino
neiaanii-ia?aciiai ?acenoaino ?aaeyinueeiio oioae?oa?eciia?.

?aae?caoe?y iinoaaeaii? iaoe ia?aaeaa/a? ?ica”ycaiiy oaeeo caaaeaiue:

?ice?eoe aeoiee iiaoe/iiai oenoo, noaiiaeaiiy ? naii?icaeoie oai?/i?
?iaeea?aeoaeueiino? ?aaaia Iaeaithea oa c”ynoaaoe eiai ?ieue ? i?noea
a ai?a?aoe?eiiio e?oa?aoo?iiio i?ioean?;

aeine?aeeoe ?aeaeii-noeeueiao aaiethoe?th, eiinoaioi? e ci?ii?
i?eeiaoe ia?aciiai ieneaiiy iiaoa;

aena?oeeoe iniiai? ?ene anoaoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? ?noi??inionueei?
eiioeaioe?? ieooey;

i?iaiae?coaaoe ineoieia?/iee, o?einionueeee oa anoaoe/iee aniaeoe
?ioeiii? oa ?ae?a??nionueei? e??eee iiaoa ye aeyae iaei??? c
iaeaaaeeea?oeo a?aiae ethaenueei? aecenoaioe??;

?icaeyiooe e??eei-o?einionueeo eiioeaioe?th aeeooy oa oa?aeoa?ieia?th
ethaeeie a iiac?? ?aaaia Iaeaithea, aeyaeoe ?aeaei?, anoaoe/i? oa
aiioe?ei? ia?aaoee c iiac??th “I?acueei? oeiee”.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? nenoaiii-ooieoe?iiaeueiee
i?aeo?ae aei aea/aiiy neeaaeiiai ? aaaaoianiaeoiiai ooaeiaeiueiai
iaoa??aeo. Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee aeine?aeaeaiiy
caniiaothoueny ia i?eioeei? ia”?eoeaiiai ?noi?ecio. O ?iaio?
aeei?enoai? aeine?aeaeaiiy c e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa (I.A?eaoeueeiai,
A.Aea?aeaaeia, A.Einothea, TH.Oa?aoa, TH.Eaa??iaiea, A.A?aaiae/a,
TH.Eiaae?aa, I.?eueieoeueeiai oa ?i. ), ?noi??inio?? (A.Eeieinueeiai,
I.Ieueaee/a, TH.Eeie), eoeueoo?ieia?? (A.Oieia?, Ae.*eaeaanueeiai,
A.Ua?aae?anueeiai, I.Eoeue/eoeueeiai oa ?i) oa ineoieia?? (C.O?ieaea,
A.Ao?aeaee?aa, ?. Annaaeae?ie?, I.Aioaia, I.Oniainueeiai, A.I?eiaa).

O aeena?oaoe?? canoiniaaii ?ioa?i?aoaoe?eio iaoiaeeeo
ienueiaiieoeueei? naiioioiaeiino? (A.Neaie?iue), ?noi?eei-ii??aiyeueiee
oa oeiieia?/iee iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aecia/a?oueny ni?iaith ?icaeyiooe oai?/?noue ?.
Iaeaithea a eiioaeno? iiac?? “I?acueei? oeiee”. O ?iaio? aia?oa
c”yniaothoueny ieoaiiy oi?ioaaiiy e e?enoae?caoe?? oai?/i?
?iaeea?aeoaeueiino? ?.Iaeaithea, aecia/athoueny iniaeeaino? eiai
ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy, aeine?aeaeo?oueny anoaoe/ia iaiiaiaiiy
?noi??inionueei? eiioeaioe?? iiaoa.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. Cai?iiiiiaaiee nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei
iiac?? ?.Iaeaithea a eiioaeno? oai?/ino? “i?aaeai” aeiiiaith? nooae?? c
oe??? i?iaeaie iiaeie niinoa?aaeaiiyie, ui neoaoaaoeia aeaeueoei
iiooeai e?oa?aoo?iciaaoe?a o inai?ii? iiaoe/ii? niaaeueie oe?a?inueei?
ai?a?aoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? ?
aaea aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e i?aeaioiaoe? niaoeeo?n?a ? niaoenai?ia??a
ia o?eieia?/ieo oaeoeueoaoao oi?aa?neoao?a, i?e /eoaii? eo?no ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e OO no.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??
i?i/eoai? aeiiia?ae? ia i?aeia?iaeieo ( E??iaia?aae,1997; Ethae?i
(Iieueua),1997) oa anaoe?a?inuee?e (Ee?a,1997) iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ai?iaoaaeeny ia ca?oieo iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo o Noinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio ?inoeooo? ?iai?
A.N.Iaea?aiea (1997,1998) oa Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (1999). Aeine?aeieoey i?i/eoaea
niaoeeo?n “I?acueea iiaoe/ia oeiea” aeey nooaeaio?a 4 eo?no Noinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo (1997,1998).

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeeaaeai? o naie
ioae?eaoe?yo.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio,
o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, aeeeaaeaia
ia 191 noi??ioe?, c ieo 178 noi??iie iniiaiiai oaenoo. Nienie
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae neeaaea? 255 iiceoe?e.

Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe

O anooi? ?icaeyaea?oueny noai aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?/ino? ?aaaia
Iaeaithea oa iiao?a “I?acueei? oeiee”, aecia/a?oueny iiaecia oaie
aeena?oaoe??, ?? aeooaeuei?noue, iaoa ? caaaeaiiy, ie?aneaii
iaoiaeieia?/io e oai?aoe/io iniiao oa iaoiaeeeo aeine?aeaeaiiy, a oaeiae
iiaeeeaino? i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy ?iaioe.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “E?oa?aoo?ia ioi/aiiy ?aaaia Iaeaithea” –
c?iaeaii ni?iao ?ice?eoe oaiiiai ?aaaia Iaeaithea – iiaoa, ?noi??inioa,
eoeueoo?ieiaa, e?oa?aoo?iciaaoey ia oe? eiai aiioe, acyoi? a neeaaei?e
coiiaeaiino? ?noi?e/ieo, nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo oa anoaoe/ieo
aei???a, i?e oeueiio oaaaa cina?aaeaeaia ia iniaeeainoyo eiai oai?/i?
iniaenoino?, ia aeii?iaioiiio noaiiaeu? a “I?acuee?e oeie?”
oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a.

Oai?/ee oeyo “i?aaeai”, a?eueo?noue c yeeo c? ca?i?th a ?oeao
ai?ieanue ca oe?a?inueeo aea?aeaao, ?icii/aany ca iaaeaie Oe?a?ie,
a oaai?ao ?ioa?iiaaieo aiye?a (Iieueua), aea aiie iieieeenue i?ney
ii?acee aecaieueieo ciaaaiue. Iniiae anoaoe/ii? eiioeaioe?? “I?acueei?
oeiee” oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a caeeaaeaeeny o iaae?ao oaai?iaiai /aniieno
“Aanaeea”, ci???ioiaaiiai ia “a?enoie?aoeci aeooo”, ia ienoaoeoai a
eiai ?iaiaioi?e nooiino?, ia aoeeo iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa a?iiaaeyinueeiai.

?icaeoeo oa naiinoaa?aeaeaiith iieiaei? e?oa?aoo?ii? aaia?aoe??
ia?aaeoaaei aeeaiea inieneaiiy anueiai ?noi?e/iiai aaaaaeo iaoe??,
i?e/ei /a?aiai? ao?aoe aea?aeaaiino?. Ca?aene i?aeaeuaia oaaaa aei
?noi?e/ieo iioea?a, oiiea e??e/ia ni?eeiaiiy ??aeii? i?e?iaee,
o?einio?y ai?ioueae e iioei?cio.

Oea iieie?iiy ao?ooaaeiny iaaeiei a?aeiiaeaiiai 1922 ?ieo
Ae.Aeiioeiaei “E?oa?aoo?ii-iaoeiaiai a?nieea” (c 1939 ?. – “A?nieea”).
Ieayaea “o?aa?/ieo iioei?no?a” (Ae.Aeiioeia) – ?.Iaeaithe, I.Ieueaee/,
TH.Eeia, I.Oae?aa, E.Iinaiaec, i?ci?oa – TH.Eeai, – noaea oai?oeyie
eiioeaioe?? iiai? e?oa?aoo?e, ?ic?iaeaoe oaeo ooaeiaeith nenoaio
oai?/ino?, yea aoea i?ioenoaaeaiiyi oe?a?inueeei naioeiaioaeueiei
e?oa?aoo?iei o?aaeeoe?yi. Aiie aenooieee i?ioe “iaei?in?enueei?”
aoi?eiiino? a/i?aoiueiai ?aanoaa, eieii?aeueiiai aeeaio?iiy. Oai?/?noue
“i?aaeai” aoea ia?aeiyoa aeooii ai?ioueae ? caoyoino?, ue?i?
o?enoeyinueei? a??e ? noie?iiy, ieaeaea aaeeeo ioaeith ethaia aei nai??
iaoe??, aei naiai ieioeiai, aei anueiai aaeeeiai e oeyoaoiiai,
ia?aaeon?i aei aa?i?/iiai /eio. Aino?ioa aeoiee ? noai??noue oi?ie
oa?aeoa?ecoaaee iiainoai?aia oe?a?inueea ienoaoeoai.

?icii/aaoe i?ioean iiaa?iaiiy ?noi?e/ii? iai”yo?, yeee i/ieea
TH.Aea?aaai c? nai?th iiaoe/iith ca??eith “Naaaeaeae” (1925), “i?aaeaie”
iiiaethaaee oe?a?inueeo e?oa?aoo?o, ia?aaeon?i ?? oaiaoeeo. Iiac?y
TH. Aea?aaaia i?noeoue on? aeaiaioe, ye? caiaeii ?icaeaaoeia ?aooa
iiao?a ai?a?aoe??. Eiaeai c “i?aaeai” ciaoiaeea na?e iioea, yeee
ia?aaaaeii aoa aeiaaaeaiee aei iiaoe/ii? eiioeaioe??, c? nai?th
ia?aciith aeii?iaioith ? iaaiei eiiieaenii ooaeiaei?o cania?a.

Aaaeeeaith ?enith oai?/ino? iiao?a “I?acueei? oeiee” ? ca”ycie ?c
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeei ienueiainoaii. O aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeth?oueny
aeii?ioaaiiy noeeueiai? oa/?? iai?iiaioecio a ai?a?aoe?ei?e,
cao?aeiioe?a?inuee?e oa ?aaeyinuee?e e?oa?aoo??. Iiaoe-ai?a?aioe
ae?oeoaaee a??o? a aaeeoeuee?e ia??iaeeoe?, aeaeath/e o Eueaia? nai?
ca??ee. C iaeyaeo ia oea oe?eeii neooiith ? i?iiiceoe?y A.A?aaiae/a
oe?a?inueeith ai?a?aoe?eiith e?oa?aoo?ith aaaaeaoe oo, yea oai?eeany
i?ney Ae?oai? na?oiai? a?eie, cie?aia, a 1945-1950 ?ieao. Aaeaea eeoa
oai oe?a?inuee? ienueiaiieee inoaoi/ii ii?eaathoue c? nai?i ??aeiei
na?aaeiaeuai ? iieiythoueny o noai??e ?aaeueiino? /oaei??aeieo
eoeueoo?.

“I?aaeaie” aoee aaciina?aaei?ie o/anieeaie ai?ioueae ca OI? aai ae
ae?oueie ?? ae?y/?a ? ianee c niaith ?aeath oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?,
ui nii??aeithaaei ?o oai?/?noue c oai?aie i?aaenoaaiee?a no??eaoeueei?
iiac?? a Aaee/ei?, iiac?y yeeo aoea i???ioiaaia ia ianiaa ni?eeiyooy ?
oai?eea nai???aeio no??eaoeueeo i?naiio aiiiath. Oiio aiia aoea ia
no?eueee yaeuai ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e, ne?eueee oaeoi?ii
i?iaoaeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?, aea?aeaaieoeueeeo ciaaaiue
ia?iaeo.

Iiaa iieie?iiy aaeeoeueeeo e?oa?aoi??a oa ai?a?aoe?ei? iiaoe
iaiaaaeeny eiiiainoaaoe ao?aoe, yeeo caciaea e?oa?aoo?a ii oie a?e
Ca?o/a, ?icaeaath/e oaie, iioeae, oi?ie, ia ye? a oiiaao O?N? aoei
iaeeaaeaii aaoi. E?oa?aoo?a iiae?eaii? Oe?a?ie ?icaeaaeany o ??cieo
noni?eueieo neooaoe?yo, i?ioa aeooiaia ?aei?noue iaoe?? ia
ii?oooaaeany. Oae, a ai?a?aionuee?e e?oa?aoo?? iii?oi? ?ene
?iiaioe/iiai na?oia?ae/oooy oa iciaee iai?iiaioe/ii? iiaoeee, – oi/ ? c
i?ioeeaaeiith (uiaei e?oa?aoo?e “?aaeyinueeiai oaai?o”) iie?oe/iith oa
?aeaieia?/iith ni?yiiaai?noth, i?ae ?ioei aiioe?eiei ciaeii – ia
iioei?noe/iee iaoin, a noi?/iee o?aa?ci oa iaae?y. Iai?iiaioeeaie
iiaeia aaaaeaoe ia?aaaaeii an?o “i?aaeai”, yne?aaei iai?iiaioeeii o
na?oiii/oaaii? (oi/ ? c ?enaie iaieeaneoeecio a iiaoeoe?) aoa
?.Iaeaithe.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e – “Iiao-ai?aoeue ye ciaeiaee ia?ac ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo”
– i?enay/aiee aiae?co ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai aieino ?.Iaeaithea,
neeaaeiee?a oai?aiiai iei ia?aco “cae?ciiai ?iia?aoi?a no?io”,
iiaeeo?eaoe?e “na?oiaeo” ia?ac?a, iniiaieo ?en anoaoe/ii?
?aae?caoe?? ?noi??inionueei? eiioeaioe?? ienueiaiieea oa iiooeai
ia?aaoe?a c iiac??th “I?acueei? oeiee”.

Ia i?aenoaa? i?eioeeio ienueiaiieoeueei? naiioioiaeiino?
ie?aneththoueny ?aeaeii-ooaeiaei? aeii?iaioe, aeanoea? oai?/ino? e
iniaenoino? aaoi?a. Oae, o aeena?oaoe?? c”yniaothoueny iaoe?iiaeuei?
ia?ai? iiaoe/ii? na?aeiiino? Iaeaithea, iaaieioo?oueny, ui ?noioiith o
na?oiaeyae? oa oai?/ino? iiaoa aoea eaoaai??y iaoe?iiaeueiiai. Nai
?aaai Iaeaithe iaiaeii?aciai caa?oaany aei oe??? oaie o oai?aoe/ieo
i?aoeyo (“Oai?/?noue ? iaoe?iiaeuei?noue”, “Iiac?y ? a??o?”, “Aiaieue –
Aiaieue” oa ?i.).

Aeaea?aeioai?/ei eiiiiiaioii iiac?? aaoi?a, anainyaeiei neiaieii eiai
oai?/ino? ? /?eueiee ia?ac noaio ye i?aia?ac oeyo?a, aeie?,
iaioaeueiino? oe?a?ioe?a. Oa?niinueeee noai – ?noi?e/ia A?o/ecia
iiaoa. C aeeoeinoaa a?ae/oo? aa?ae e aia?aaoeea oe??? noeo?? a
iiac?? o?ainoi?iothoueny a ia?ac-neiaie iaei? aaouee?aueie. Noeo?y noaio
a eiioaeno? iaae?eaia ? iaaaoeaieie aeanoeainoyie. Cie?aia, caaaeyee
/eneaiiei i?e?iia?acai (“ionoaey i?inoi??a noiieo”, “aeeeee i?ino??”,
“aei?noiea oe?i/?iue” oa ?i.) noai iinoa? ye “i?ieeyooy Oe?a?ie”

(E. Eooeaiei), i?ioa naia c a?oaoeiii noaio iiao, ao?i ye ? I.
Ieueaee/, TH. Eeai, iia”yco? ? ?? aea?aeaaia iaeaoooy, ia?iaeaeaiiy
“Iaaeiiiith Aeeeeo I?eue” neeueiiai, ioae?iai “noaiiaiai Ian??”. sse
iciaea iaoe?iiaeueiiai eaiaeoaooo, noai noa? eiinoaioiei aeaiaioii
aeooiaiiai e?a?aeaeo, noai?aiiai a ienoaoeuee?e oya? iiao?a-“i?aaeai”,
i?aai?/ii aienoth/enue a aiioe?eio iae?o?o ?o oai??a.

O aaaaoueio iiac?yo ia?ac “neiueiieiai, no?eaiaeiai” a?o?o
i?i/eoo?oueny e??cue i?ecio iiaoiai? eiioeaioe?? aeie? Oe?a?ie ye
“no?aeiee”, “ac?enueeee”, “/i?iee” a?oa?, ui neiaie?co? ?oei?aio neeo.
Oea i?aeneeth? oai??th ?aaaia Iaeaithea i?i “a?aea?/iee aaia?ao?/iee
i?ioya” (“Ia?ene c ?noi??? iaoi? eoeueoo?e”). A?aaeaoe?? ae
“a?oa?-ao?y-a?o?e ?noi???” iaaeaii aieueiaiai ?iia?aoeao, ? aiaeii/an
aiia iinoa? oiniaeaiiyi neee, caeaoii? aeieaoe ia?aoeiaee ia oeyoo a?ae
i??? aei ae?eniino?. Aeaui a?aei?iiei a?ae Iaeaitheiaiai ? aa/aiiy
noeo?? a?o?o I. Oae?aith. ?? iiac?y, neacaoe a, ia?yia a?o?ii. *anoioia
ooieoe?iioaaiiy oeueiai ia?aco oa?aeoa?eco? ? Iaeaithea, ? Oae?ao ye
iiao?a aeeiai?/ieo, ianiie?eieo, i?eno?anieo.

I?eeeaaeaie iaoaoi?e/iiai caouaiiy e?aeia?ac?a aei aiaeaiaoeee Oe?a?ie
? ? aeeiai?/i? ia?ace i?aaeaiiiai iaaa, “niiyoii? Neithoe”, aa?a, ui
ooieyoue a e?ioe? a?aae?, e naii? ia?iaeii? i?ni? ( “Iaeia i?niy”,
“Niiaaae”, “*aa?aoeue” ).

Ua iaeia aeii?iaioa iniaenoino? e oai?/ino? ?aaaia Iaeaithea –
eeoea?nueeee aeoo iiaoa, eiai a?enueeiaee /ei. Iaa/aiiy o a?enueeia?e
oeie?, o/anoue o ca?iei?e ai?iouea? 1917 – 1920 ?ie?a, ethaee, c yeeie
aeiaaeiny iiaoia? ni?ai?aoethaaoe, noi?ioaaee “aioea e?aiaciiai /oiaea,
n?/iaeea ae?aeiai i?ai?aaioea” o ethaeeio eeoea?nueeiai neeaaeo ?
aeooo. Niia?aeoaaiiy eoeueoo io?oea?a, eoeueoo aa?i?/iiai a aeeoo?
aecia/aei oaiaoeeo oai?/ino?, coiiaethaaei aenieo i??o eaeii?/ii?
no?iaino? iiac?e, iicia/aieo o?aa?/i?noth na?oia?ae/oooy, iicaaaeyei
aaeaiiaiino?.

Noaoon ieooe?a-ai?a?aio?a, i?e/iio ai?a?aio?a ia c aeanii? aie?, a c
aeeeoaoo oaeeo aecenoaioe?eieo aeueoa?iaoea, o yeeo eoeiny i?i
iiaeeea?noue aeeeth/ii iioieia?/iiai “aooe /e ia aooe”, ia? aaeeea
cia/aiiy i?e aeine?aeaeaii? ?o oai?/ino?, ye oaeoi? iaiaaeaiiy
oai?/iai naiiaeyao oeeo ieooe?a. Na?oiaeyae oeeo iiao?a aoa
ia?aaaioaaeaiee ?noi?e/iith o?aaaae??th ?o ia?iaeo, oea i?ecaiaeeoue aei
ae?aciiai i?ioenoaaeaiiy “a?ooe?aueie” ? /oaeeie (I.
E?aeoeueea-Oieiaeia,

I. Eyoo?einueea, ?. Iaeaithe), a?aeiiae aa/eoe cao?aeiee na?o (TH.
Aea?aaai, E. Iinaiaec, TH. Eeia), a?aeoae – iiae?eo iiaoe/iiai i?inoi?o
ia “oai” ? “ooo”. O Iaeaithea oea aeeeaa?oueny o nai???aeiiio iiaeyae?
ia o? i?noa, a yeeo “ieiaee aei?”. I?aaa, Aa?oaaa, E?ae?a a iiac??
aaoi?a iaoa??ae?cothoueny eaoae?caoi?ii iai?enooiuei? Aaouee?aueie.
Iinoaeuea?y ?iaeoue /oaeeio ini?oaeiith, niiaaaee iaia/a noathoue
ae?eni?noth, a ae?eni?noue – ?ethc??th. Oiio ia?ace aa?i?/iiai ieioeiai
e aea?aeaaiiai iaeaoooy Oe?a?ie, noai?ai? a iiac?? ?aaaia Iaeaithea,
?ioeo “i?aaeai” aoee /eiaeith i??ith ?acoeueoaoii aie? e oyae,
ea?iaaii? aieath, oea aoa i?o Oe?a?ie.

O aeena?oaoe?? c”yniao?oueny i???ioaoe?y ?aaaia Iaeaithea ia
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueea ienoaoeoai. AEeao/e o a?eueiiio na?o?, ienueiaiiee
iaa iiaeeea?noue aeine?aeaeoaaoe na?oiao eoeueoo?o ? e?oa?aoo?o, oiae
ia aeeaii, ui ienoaoeueeee oeno iiaoa oa?a?aa o naaa e?au? iaaeaaiiy
eeane/ii? ca?oa?aeii? eoeueoo?e e e?oa?aoo?e, na?aae yeeo /eneaii?
“a?/i?” ia?ace (ia?ace-ia?niiaae? eaaaiae ? i?o?a, iinoao?
aea?aeaaieo ae?y/?a oa ae?y/?a iaoee, eoeueoo?e, ienoaoeoaa, e?oa?aoo?e,
ia?niiaae? na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e) ia?aieaoai? c ia?acaie ??aeii?
i?oieia??, ?noi???, eoeueoo?e. Oe? ia?ace o?nii ii?aeiothoue aeaa
nooo?a? aeaiaioe iiaoe/iiai na?oiaa/aiiy ieooey, aeaa eiai na?oe,
iaa?ae”?ii? iaeei a?ae iaeiiai – Oe?a?io ? ?a?iio.

I?i oa, ui iiac?y Iaeaithea aaaaoa ia e?oa?aoo?ia ni?eeoaaiiy,
?ioa?oaenooaeueia, na?ae/aoue ?ai?i?noeaioe?? oa ai?a?aoe c oai??a A.
?aiai, I. Aa?eaia, I. Iaoa?e?iea,

A. Aa?oa?ia. Aeecueeeie aeooiaii aoee eiio iieuenuee? iiaoe –
“neaiaiae?eoe”, aeeaiei iaoe?iiaeueiee /anueeee iiao E.-N. Iaoa?.
Ni?aaaei?ie ?a?iiaeoeyie ca aeooii ? noeeai oai?/ino? iiao aaaaeaa
aeayeeo ?in?enueeeo iiao?a, i?i ui, cie?aia, na?ae/eoue oai?/a
ni?acao//y oe?a?inueeiai iiaoa c aeia?noaie – I.Aoi?eueiaei, A.
Aoiaoiaith, I. Iaiaeaeueooaiii,

I. Eocuei?iei oa ?i.

Ciaiiy na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e aeeeeeaei o aaoi?a i?e?iaeiee ? caeiiii??iee
iioya aei cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? anoaoeee. I?e oeueiio Iaeaithe ia aoa
i?eoeeueieeii yeiainue iaeiiai noeeth. Iiaoe/iee oeyo Iaeaithea i?eiee
iiai?noth ia ceeaa?oueny i? c o?aaeeoe?eiei, i? c
iiaea?i?noe/iei iai?yieaie, a?i iaa?oue ia eaea ia?aeaeueii c
ieie, a?i o?eueee aei ieo iaaeeaea?oueny, uia ii?ney ciia a?ae?eoe ?
i?iaeiaaeoaaoe ie?aii. Iiao ?ic?iaea aeanio anoaoe/io nenoaio,
iiaoaeiaaio ia canaaeao ienoaoeueei? o?aaeeoe?eiino?, eoeueoia?
aa?i?cio, ?ae?a?eiino?. Acaaae? Iaeaitheia? aoei i?eoaiaiia aa?iii?eia
ii?aeiaiiy aeniei? ?aeaeiino? c aeineiiaeith oi?iith.

Iiaoia? oai?aoe/i? naioaioe?? i?i ienoaoeoai (“Aeoiee i?i Ienoaoeoai”),
iioae?eiaai? ua aei aeoiaeo eiai ia?oeo eiea o 1923 ?ioe?, aoee
ianaiia?aae canaaeaie i?aeoe/ieie, aecia/aeueieie aeey iueiai naiiai.
E??cue onth eiai oai?/?noue i?ioiaeeoue iioea ona?aeiieaiiy oai?/i?
i?n?? ieooey, eiai iaooiaiii? i?aoe?, yea i?e aeiaeieo ianoaaeiao ia
caeaoia aeiioneaoe aiaeae iaeiaioi? oaeueo? /e aeieeaaoe c
eii”thieoo?e.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeieeaaeii aena?oeththoueny anoaoe/i? i?eeiaoe
“ie?oa?aoo?iaiiy” ?noi??inionueei? eiioeaioe?? ?.Iaeaithea, iniiai?
iieiaeaiiy yei? oi?ioaaeenue i?ae aieeaii aeieo?eie A.Eeieinueeiai,
iiaoaeiaaii? ia canaaeao ?aeae ian?ai?cio, o?aaeeoe?iiae?cio,
a?enoie?aoecio e iiia?o?cio. A??a o aeuo ?aeath Oe?a?ie, o ?? eoeueoo?i?
o?aaeeoe?? oa aeooiai? neee, ?ao?ioaaiiy aeaniiai ooaeiaeiueiai noeeth,
aeoiaaiiy aa?i?cio ? oeyoaoiino? c a?aeiia?aeieie caa?oaiiyie aei
eeoea?nueeiai ieioeiai Oe?a?ie a eiyc?anueeo ? eicaoeueeo aiioe aeaee
a?oio aeey oi?ioaaiiy ?noi??inionueei? i???ioaoe?? iiac?? “I?acueei?
oeiee”.

Iaeiei ?c ni?eueieo iioea?a o oai?/ino? iiao?a-ai?a?aio?a ? ia?ac
eiyaei? oa eicaoeueei? aeiae ye nai???aeia ?noi??inionueea eiioeaioe?y
Oe?a?ie, ooaeiaeiy aeii?iaioa c i?eoaiaiiith ?e ?noi?e/iith
eiie?aoeeith. Ia aeiaaeeiai e o eoeueoo?ieia?/ii-?noi?e/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo ?.Iaeaithea (“Ia?ene c ?noi??? iaoi? eoeueoo?e”, 1954),
TH.Eeie (“Oe?a?inueea aeiaa”, 1936; “Oe?a?inueea ?ana”, 1937) oiui
eiyae?e aeia? ye neiaieo aiioe aea?aeaaiino? iaaeaii iaaaeyei? oaaae.
Eiyaea ?onue noaea neiaieii aea?aeaae, ciaaaiiy ca yeo aoei aeeoo?aei
e?aaei “i?aaeai”. Caaeeaeaiiy a eiyaeo aeaaieio ?icoe?eei eaene/i? iaae?
iiac?? “i?aaeai”, ni?eyei ae?iaeaiith o ieo aenieiai noeeth.

O oai?aii? ia?aco Oe?a?ie ?aaai Iaeaithe aeoiaeeoue c eiie?aoieo
?noi?e/ieo, aoiiaaiaoe/ieo oa aaia?ao?/ieo ?aae?e, oiio oaeei
noia?a/eeaei ? ?icaeai?iei aeaoaeiao?oueny oeae ia?ac a iiac?yo
aaoi?a. Eiioeaioe?th aeie? Oe?a?ie iiao ?ice?eaa? /a?ac iane??ci?
ia?ace-neiaiee Noaiiai? Aeeaaee oa Caiii? Iaaeiiie, ui i?ioiaeyoue
iaeaea e??cue oaanue iiaoe/iee aei?iaie Iaeaithea. Oea, c iaeiiai aieo,
ia?nii?o?eaoe?y ??aeii? e?a?ie a ae?ii/iio ia?ac?, a c ae?oaiai –
i?iaeoe?y ia?niiaaea ia Oe?a?io a oe?ieiio ?noi?eei-o?einionueeiio
ieai?. Ae?oaee aniaeo oeeo ia?ac?a-neiaie?a – a ?o aia?aaeaioiino? ?
aeeoioii?eiino?: “Noaiiaa Aeeaaea” – “*i?ia Aeeaaea”, “Caiia Iaaeiiia” –
“Aioeia??y”, “Aaao??/a” – “Ea?iai”, “iia?y”- “aeiia”… ??ci? ?iinoan?
iane??ciiai ae?ii/iai ia?aco ia?aaeathoue i?ae iaaiei eooii ci?o ae?aio
?noi??? Oe?a?ie a?ae aeaai?o /an?a aei no/aniino?.

Iiaeo, ianiiae?aaieo a?aeo?ie?a o cao/aii? Iaeaitheia?e aeaai?e/i?e
iinoao? Oe?a?ie aeiaea? ia?ac e??e/ii? aa?i?i?
I.E?aeoeueei?-Oieiaeii? (ca. “Aiaiiue ? iii?e”, 1934), yea ?c na?oei?
“ni?aaaeiuei? ae?iee” ia?aoai?th?oueny ia “oaiiiai aaiia”. Iiiceoe?y I.
E?aeoeueei?-Oieiaeii? aoea nai???aeiith oi?iith aoioo i?ioe i?oo i?i
ae?ieo, iiaoaeiaaiiai a iiac?? ?.Iaeaithea, e ni?iaith ca?eueiaiiy a?ae
iueiai.

I?o Oe?a?ie, iiaoaeiaaiee o Iaeaitheia?e iiac??, – aaaaoieiiiiiaioiee
oa aaaaoicia/iee eiino?oeo. I?eioeeiii eiai iiaoaeiae aoea ia?aaaaeii
a?ia?aie?caoe?y yeeoinue iiae?e o aeaai?e oa iia?oi?e ?noi???
Oe?a?ie. Eia?/ia eiie?aoi?noue ia i?eoaiaiia oeueiio i?oo. Ia?ac
Oe?a?ie neeaaeaea a?eueia eiiiiceoe?y i?eeeaae?a, oiiin?a oa neiaie?a,
iane/aia aiioe?yie, ui i?iiiaeyea aei oyae /eoa/a, aeath/e eiio
iiaeeea?noue a?ae/ooe ?aei?noue c aoiinii, ?c canaeaiith iei
oa?eoi???th oa eaaaiaea?iei ieioeei.

Iii?e aieeae ? aeoiee, ui ?o aaoi? ?aoaeueii o?enoaaa, iiaoe/ia
?noi??inio?y ?aaaia Iaeaithea iane??cue ?iaeea?aeoaeueia, ?
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi oeueiio ? eenooaaiiy c

?.-TH.Iaeainueeei1, a yeiio iiao, ia??eath/e ia a?ae “eeane/ii? ina?oe”,
?ioi?ioaaa e?oa?aoo?iciaaoey i?i ?acoeueoaoe nai?o ?ioo?oeaieo
?noi??inio?/ieo iiooe?a. Ae?acia eiio?anoi?noue anoaoe/ii? ?aae?caoe??
?noi??inionueei? eiioeaioe?? oa?aeoa?eco? na?oini?eeiyooy naiiai
Iaeaithea ye ieooey, ye ethaeeie. Oe?eeii iiaeeeai, ui Iaeaitheia?
caa?oaiiy aei Oe?a?ie a?oioothoueny ia iniaenoeo ia?aaeeaaiiyo eioaiiy,
aaeaea aiie ianooue o nia? aeaiaioe a?ioeee. Iiao na?aeiii ia?aa iaoiae
eiio?anoo o o?aeooaaii? ia?aco Oe?a?ie, oei naiei “?aeiino?othth/e”
iaoo aa?i?/io ? aiaeii/an o?aa?/io ?noi??th. Aeaea?aea Iaeaitheiai?
eiio?anoiino? iiaeia ciaeoe ? a i?eno?aniiio ii?aeueiiio
iaeneiae?ci? iiaoa. Ia aeiaaeeiai a?i, ca niinoa?aaeaiiyi
O.Naeeae, caeeaaeaa eiioe?eo i?ae a??oaie, eiiiiioaaa eiaeio eieaeeo a
oaeee niin?a, aae “ooai?eoe a i?e eiio?ano i?ae ie?aieie nthaeaoaie,
aci?iaaieie ia a?o/eciyio ?noi??th”.

Inienethth/e ?noi?e/i? o?iee cieuaiiy oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?, iiao
iaiaaaany neiaii aeiaeoe oaa?i “iaei?in?eueie”, eio?a, ia eiai
aeoieo, cieuoaaea iaoe?iiaeueiee i?aai?ci. “Aioeiaei?in?enueea”
ia?aaeeaia i?ioiaeeoue e??cue onth Iaeaitheiao oai?/?noue. ?aeeiei
niiniaii e?eoaaiiy oe??? oai?iae aioo??oiueiiaoe?iiaeueiiai eae?oeoaa,
noaa?aeaeoaaa ienueiaiiee, ? Aea?aeaai?noue. A oe?a?inuee?e
ae?eniino? ?ieue aea?aeaaioai?/iai aeaiaioa, ia aeoieo ?.Iaeaithea,
i?a ae a?ae?a?aoe ?ei c eiai eoeueoo?ith, “a oeaio?? yei? aoa
aieiaiee ? i?aaiee, a i?eiee o?einio /e ienoaoeue”.

O ca/eiiiio eao?ai? nai?? iaiiaoi?ii? “Aa?ycueei? aaeaaee” ?. Iaeaithe
“aa?ycueeo noaeue ? a?caio?enueeo i?aeue” eeaaea o i?aeio??aie
Ee?anueei? ?on? – ia?oi? oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae. Noaeue ? i?aeue o iiaoa
– neioaciaai? iciaee aeaaiuei? iiaooiuei? no?aeii?a?iiaenueei?
aea?aeaae, noi?iiaai? iaee?aueie aieeaaie iaio noeo?e. Aeey
aena?oeaiiy neeaaeiiai i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy ia?oi? aea?aeaae ia Noiae?
?a?iie iiao caa?oa?oueny ia o?eueee aei ?noi?e/ieo, a e aei i?oieia?/ieo
ia?ac?a.

Iniaeea?noth ?noi??inionueei? iiac?? ?. Iaeaithea, ao?i ye ?
I.Ieueaee/a, I. Eyoo-?einueei?, I.E?aeoeueei?-Oieiaeii?, TH.Eeie, ?
caa?iaiiy aei ?noi?e/ieo iinoaoae, ye? ao?eththoue /e neiaie?cothoue
aoaie iaoe?iiaeueiiai naiiona?aeiieaiiy iaoiai ia?iaeo. I?e oeueiio
Iaeaithe ye iiao ? aeiaie? no?iaei ? aea??eiaei. Eiai iiaoe/io oyao
oaeeththoue iinoao? iani?aaae? cia/ou?, iaoo?e oe?e?ni?, ye ei?ieue
Aeaieei, aaoueiai Iacaia, Neiii Iaoeth?a, Aaneeue Othothiiee, ye?
a?aecia/aeeny neeueiei oa?aeoa?ii ? iaceaiiei aeooii, oei naiei iiao
ii?yae c eoeueoii aea?aeaae oai?eoue eoeueo aa?iy.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? – “?ioeiia oa ?ae?a??nionueea e??eea” –
aiae?cothoueny ineoieia?/iee, o?einionueeee oa anoaoe/iee aniaeoe
eiai ?ioeiii? oa ?ae?a??nionueei? e??eee, c?iaeaii ni?iao ?ice?eoe
o?einionueeo eiioeaioe?th aeeooy ethaeeie a iiac?? ieooey.

Noeo??th iiaoa aoea ai?ioueaa, ?oo, ae?y, ii?eaaiiy, noaie e i?inoi?e,
ai a?i aoa neiii noai?a ? i?ia?a iaaiee /an o ai?iouea?, a?enueeiaeo
ciaaaiiyo, eiai caoiiethaaea aeeiai?/ia e?ana – neea. Oiae ia aeiaaeeiai
iiao eoeueoeaoaaa ???a?o?th ia?ac?a, ui oiniaeththoue neeo. C eiaeiith
iiaith ca??eith Iaeaithe ?icaoaeiaoaaa oa?aeoa?ieia?th “aeaae?aoi?a
iauaaeieo ?ei”, “oaa?aciai aa?yaa”, caaaeaee iai?oaeaiiai, caaaeaee
iioio?iai, aeey yeiai aea?aeaaa oe?a?inueea aoea iiiaae ona. I?ioa
aaea a ia?o?e eiai ca??oe? iii?oi? aeaui a?aei?ii? ithaine iiaoiaiai
aieino ? ia?aae iaie iinoa? a?iaeaeaiee e??ee c aeoaea a?aceeaei
na?oeai. Oeae na?e oeno Iaeaithe aie?? ia ?icaeaaoe, a?eueoa oiai,
yeiaeiaioa oi?eaoenue oai, ye? a ia a?aeiia?aeaee noai?aiiio iei naiei
ia?aco, oi/ ia iiaeia neacaoe, ui a?i ia ienaa “e??e/ii ?icneaaeaieo”
iiac?e, ine?eueee a i?ci?oeo eieaeeao ai?uaii a??o?, aeaoiaai?
i?aeai?iieie ?ieaie. Nai iiao na?aeiiee oeueiai “?iiaioe/iiai yioniaiai
?icaeai?iiy” ( A.?oa/ae): “Oae aeiaai aoa aeaieeeee ? aeaiyeee…” ,
oiio e??e/iee no?oi?iue “caeeoa?oueny i?oeiei i?aea?oioyi eiai iiac?e
a on?o ca??eao 1925- 1939 ?ie?a.

O aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyaea?oueny i?iaeaia ?icaeai?iiy na?aeiiino?
e??e/iiai aa?iy ?aaaia Iaeaithea, c”yniao?oueny ineoieia?/iee aniaeo
oe??? i?iaeaie – iiaea?eia i?e?iaea iniaenoino?. Aaaeeeaeie
ineoieia?/ieie oaiiiaiaie, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue aeeiai?eo ci?noo ia
iaae? i?ae iniaeno?noth ? nooi?noth ( ciai?oi?i ? aioo??oi?i “y”), ?
oae caai? oaiiiaie oeaii? oa iinooiuei? naii?aeaioeo?eaoe??. Oeaio
naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?th ia?ii oiae?, eiee ethaeeia ?aeaioeo?eo? naaa c oei
/e ?ioei iniaeno?niei ooai?aiiyi, c o??th /e ?ioith nioe?aeueiith ca
nai?i iioiaeaeaiiyi ? ooieoe??th ?ieeth, ianeith, ee/eiith,
noainiaeno?noth. Iaeoeiia?o? noainiaenoino? ethaeeie – o?, ui iia”ycai?
c nioe?aeueieie ?ieyie, o Iaeaithea – c a?iiaaenueeeie oa i?ioan?eieie
iaia”yceaie, oiiaeiaaiiyie, niaeaie, cae/eaie. Aaia?ae?caoe?y “ia?niie”,
iiaeeiaiiy iaei??th “noaia?niiith” ?ioeo i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeieeiaiiy
“noia?ia?niie”. O ?aaaia Iaeaithea oea – a?c?y iieeiaiaeoey-aiaeaey,
aeeeoiai ia/a c a?iice, ia aenieiio iiiaae/aniaiio i”?aeanoae? (“Iaien
ia eiec? a??o?a”). Iinooiy naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?y, ia a?aei?io a?ae oeaii?,
? nei??oa i?ioeanii, i?ae noaiii. O oiae? oeueiai i?ioeano nooi?noue
ethaeeie iinooiiai aea?eueith?oueny a?ae iaioaaiiy iniaenoino?,
aeoiaeeoue c-i?ae eiio?ieth.

?aae?caoe??th ni?aaaeiueiai “y” ?aaai Iaeaithe, ye ? Iaoaey
E?aeoeueea-Oieiaeia, caaaey/o? “ae?oa?e ai?a?aoe??”. Aea nai? aaoi?e
ia ona?aeiiethaaee, ui ?o i?ci? a??o? – oea inoaoi/ia ia?aiiaa
aioo??oiueiai iaae ciai?oi?i, aa?o?niiai iaae /aniaei, a?aoo?, ia?aiiaa
ienoaoeoaa, oai?/ino?. Neooii caoaaaeea ?.O?ca?: “Aeeeth/ia
a?aeaeai?noue iaei?e ?aea? i?aaeth? oa, ui iiaeia iacaaoe
aeaiiiethni?noth iiaoe/ii? na?aeiiinoe, a ye?e “y” ? “ia-y” iino?eii
ia?aaoaathoue o ae?yeaeoe/i?e iiiceoe??. Eai?ooeyoe?y “y” ia?aae “ia-y”
aaaea aei naiicaia?a/aiiy, cieeiaiiy ? iaeiiai ? ae?oaiai. Iiac?y
oe?eaaa ye?ac oei, ui aiia a?aeiiaey?oueny aooe ia aeeeth/i?e neoaea?
eiie?aoii? ?noi?e/ii? ae?eniinoe, ui a i?e iiaoe/ia “y” ia? ia?aaaao
iaae “ia-y”2.

Iaeiaio aeine?aeaeaia a oai?/iio aei?iaeo ?aaaia Iaeaithea eiai
ethaiaia e??eea. Oe?eaaith ? iieaciaith aeey ?icoi?iiy Iaeaithea ye
e??eea ? nueiia eieaa iiac?e “I?iua”, aeeth/aia aei eiai c?a?aieo
“Iiac?e a iaeiiio oii?”. E??e/iee no?oi?iue o oe?e ca??oe? aeyaea
naaa c iaea?eueoith neeith ? iiaiioith.

Ooaeiaei? ii?aeiaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ineoieia?/ieo ?en iiaoa, eiai
i?eno?anii? aiioe?eiino?, i?ea?iaeueii? anioe?aoeaiino? ieneaiiy,
aeyaeaiiai a ??ciiiai?oieo aeeoo?aeo neooaoe?yo oaiia?aiaioo coiiaeee
oe?eaaee aniaeo ethaiaii? iiac?? ?aaaia Iaeaithea, aei oiai /ano
??aee?niee o iaoiio ienueiainoa?, – a?ioeci. I?i o?eaniee a?e eioaiiy
a?i ieoa a?eueii, iaaeiooaii, e?aneai. E??e/i? iaaeeoaoe?? aaoi?a,
iicaaaeai? ao/ieo ne?a ? ooo/ieo aoaeoaoe?e, a?aecia/athoueny
a??aiiaaaeaiith oeyoaoi?noth. *anoi iiao aeei?enoiao? i?e?iaeo ye
?aciiain aeey aeanieo ii/oaaiue. Ethaeeia a nai?io eioaii? ceeaa?oueny
c i?e?iaeith, ?ic/eiy?oueny a i?e. Iiaeeeai, iaa?oue aa?oi aiai?eoe i?i
“a?ioe/i?noue” i?e?iaee o iiaoiaiio iiaeaethaaii?, ?? i?eaaaeeaa
aeiaa?oai?noue ia caeeoa?oueny iaiii?/aiith ca aoaeue-yeeo ianoaaei
(“Eeiaiue”). Iiae?aiith aeanoea?noth iaae?eaia ? e??eea I. Noaoaiiae/a.

AE?iea o Iaeaitheiaiio na?o? ?nio? a aeaio ?iinoanyo: ye ethaia
?aeaaeueia ? ye ethaia o?eania. Ia?oee aa??aio oaie icao/o?oueny ia?acii
Aaao??/a, eio?a aeeaa a oya?, o i??yo aa?iy. Ae?oaee aa??aio iaeeaa? a
ia?ac? ae?iee, /ee “aaaeth/ee” noai “ni?aa? e eee/a”, a a eiaei?i ??
?on? “aeeoa caaaa…aiaiiue” (“Ea?iai ? Aaao??/a”). O iiac?? aaoi?a
iaaea i?ae oeei ae?oaei oyaeaiiyi-ia?acii ae?iee e aeaai?eciaaiith
Oe?a?iith noe?a?oueny (“Ai?iaeia i?/”). Oea i?aee?aneth? aeeaiaeaeio
caeaoi?noue iiaoa ia?aieaaeyoe aeeaiei-?ioeiia a caaaeueiicia/oua ?
iaaiaee.

Iiao ini?ao? ae?ieo o ??ciiio a?oe?, a?aeiia?aeii ii??aithth/e ?? ?c
aaniith, e?oii ? in?iith. Oae, ae?a/eia-ia?a/aia ii??aith?oueny c
aeoiaaei aea?aaii o ii?o oea?o?iiy (a?eee eie?? neiaie?co? oeiioo
ae?a/eie). E?oi ae?iee – “? aeeoo?aeaeia, ? aeeaa, ? iiaia oai?/i?
ethaia?” (“Ia?a/aia”), a in?iue – “aeiaa?oai?noue ? niie?e iai?”,
“ei?iia e?oa e nyeai iao” (“Ii?o?ao”).

I?e aeine?aeaeaii? o?einionueei? e??eee ?aaaia Iaeaithea aeaco?oueny
ia aecenoaioe?eiee oa?aeoa? a??o?a c ?o ii?eaii aei iaaa, /eneaiieie
caa?oaiiyie aei Aiaa ? aiaeii/an i?oeieie ca”yceaie c caieath. Anoaoe/ia
ia/aei aaoi?nueeiai “y” ? o Iaeaithea, ? o a?eueoino? “i?aaeai”
iaoa?iao?oueny ia o?einionueea. E??cue i?eioeea? a?ai? /anii?inoi?o
iiao ?ice?eaa? aa?iii?th na?oo e iniaenoino?, neioacoth/e ?? a neia?.

Aaoi? i?ioenoaaey? ethaenueeo oeea?e?caoe?th, no/anio ethaeeio –
“i?aethaeeio – Noi?o ?iaioa e iaaie, iaoai?ee e cea” – ia?aicaeaiiino?,
einiino. O e??eoe? Iaeaithea einiin i?e?iaee – ia”?eo na?aeiiiai
aaoi?nueeiai cia?aaeaiiy, eiai iiao iaae?ey? iaaeneeith, yeo i?eiio ia
caaaiooe. Einiin, ca Iaeaitheii, – “aeeaee”, “ioae?ee”, a?i iaae on?i ?
o anueiio, a?i “aiaeei aeooii aioaeao?? inyaa? oain”.

Iaeei c iaeaaaeeea?oeo iioea?a ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy ?aaaia Iaeaithea
iia”ycaiee c ?aea?th oaino. O eiai e??eoe? iaio? ?aeay oaei?
na?oiaoaeiae, aea noeeathoueny aeaa oaine – oain ethaenueei? nooiino? ?
oaioe/i?noue anana?oo. E??e/iee aa?ie – niiaeyaea/ aa?iii?? i?e?iaee,
a?i a?/ii i?aaia aei ia?, aea aiia iaaeinyaeia ? eeoia?nia, ai ia? a
nia? ca?ii anaeainueei? o?aaaae??. Ca?aene – iioea i?e?a/aiino? ?
iaae?eao (“I?iaania”, “Aeaiue”, “A??ea aania”).

Oe?iei aeei?enoiao? iiao /ania? iiiyooy. *an (ii?e ?ieo, i?nyoe?,
?aiie, aeaiue, aa/??, i?/) o Iaeaithea – oea ni?ao/aniee ? oai?aoeue
ia?ac?a. Ca niinoa?aaeaiiyi O.Naeeae, /an iiaea i?io?eaoe, iiaea
?nioaaoe ye eiio?ano aei ieioaoeie, a iiaea aenooiaoe oiiaiith ieooth
aeeooy. O an?o oaeeo aeiaaeeao ia?ac /ano o?aeoo?oueny iaaeeoaoeaii,
naia ia iueiio e caa”yco?oueny yeanue aaaeeeaa aeoiea, eiioeaioe?y
(“?iciiaa”, “Na?iaiue, aa?anaiue…”, “Iinoaeuea?y”).

Ii?e ?ieo, /ania? a?aeoeiee aeiae neeaaeathoue iniiao
e??eei-o?einionueei? eiioeaioe?? aeeooy ethaeeie. Iaea?eueoa iiaoia?
aaeathoueny ea?oeie inai?, ceie, iia”ycai? c? niooeii, naiioi?noth,
oeoath, ui ? ?acoeueoaoii naiioiino? Iaeaithea-ethaeeie, ye iniaenoi?,
oae ? aeooiaii?. Oiio oae /anoi cono??/athoueny iioeae naiioiino? o
?aii?o iiac?yo ?.Iaeaithea (“Ie o iie? aeeoi – eiieoaie caeoi”, “sse
caaoa, aei? iiaeo? e?aiii…”, “Aeaiii ienoaoeoaa”, “?ioa?iaoeoei” oa
?i.), ? iniaeeai a i?ci?o eiai oai?ao, aea i?enooi? ia?ace:
“naiioiueiai ni?ao”, naiioe ye “iino?eii? aa?o?aieoe?”, oeo?, yea
“ooieoue ??eith naiioe”, “cae?ciiai eaioethaa naiioe”, “ionoae? naiioe”,
“iaaeiiaiiai noio naiioe”. ?icioea naiioiino? iiaeeaethaaeany ?
uaieeaith iinoaeuea??th ca ??aeiith Oe?a?iith. Ao?aoa caie?, ??aeiiai
e?ath – ?aeeiiai i?noey, aea ieoaoeue i?a ae a?aee?eoe aeey naaa iniiao,
– ? aeaea?aeii iinoaeuea?eii? e??eee iiaoa. O iiac?? ?aaaia Iaeaithea
ooaeiaei?e /an oyae?? aei a?/iino?, iiao iaa?oue aecia/a? ??
eii?aeeiaoe: “aac a?aieoeue, a?aee?eoa” (“E?oi”, “?iiaei”), “oae
aeecueei” (“Ca ia?io?ia? io?e i??e…”), “nieoue ca io?ii oia?” (“Ca
oae aeaao/i? aeaaeiae…”).

Aaoi? eiio?anoii aa/eoue oeae na?o, o eiai oya? ?nio? /?oeee
aa?oeeaeueiee iiae?e ia aeaa na?oe: “Niie?e ? neiue iaaoooy”, ui
ia?aoiaeeoue aai iaaeo? c a?/i?noth, oae caaiee “aa?o” ? “iec”,
caaa?aeaiee o “caiiiai o?ea e?ia ? i?o”. I?ino?? iiaoa oyae?? aei
iaeneiaeueiiai ?icoe?aiiy (“Iaae Aei?no?ii”). Ao?eaiiyi ai?eciioaeueii?
eii?aeeiaoe ? oiiin noaio, iaa?ae”?iii? iciaee Oe?a?ie – oieono e
na?oeaaeie an??? oai?/ino? Iaeaithea.

AEeooy ethaenueea aaoi? caaa?aeth? ia?aaaaeii a iioio?? oa?ae,
iaceaath/e eiai “oaiaei, a?aeiei aeiai”, ? icia/o? eiai ye oaea, ui “ye
? ana aaaea aei a?aie ii/? (“Ai?iaeia i?/”). Nia?oue ieoaoeue oyaey?
ia e?ioeai, a i?iaeiaaeaiiyi, aeania, “iaia? nia?o?”, – noaa?aeaeo? iiao
(“Iiaa/aiiy”). O ?aaaia Iaeaithea nia?oue iaae?eaia oa?aeoa?enoeeith
“eini?/ii? naiioe”, aiia ae ? oiiaith ia?iaeaeaiiy iiaiai aeeooy,
aeania, o oeueiio iiao-ieneeoaeue aa/eoue “oa?iieoeth aoooy”. E.
Iinaiaec oyaey? nia?oue ye “i?enoaiue niieith” (“A?/iee ei?aaaeue”). Ia
aeoieo TH??y Eeie, c? nia?oth ethaeeie cae?i/o?oueny aeeooy caiia, yea ?
“i?aoii”, ? ii/eia?oueny iiaa, ui aaaea aei Aiaa (“Nia?oue ? iiiao”). A
e??e/iee aa?ie iiac?? I. Ieueaee/a i?ineaaey? “ioae?i? e?ioeaainoe
iac??aiyia aeii”, caeeeea? a?aee?eoi aeeaeoenue a i/? nia?o? (“A’? o?e
aiaeeie…”). Oaeei /eiii, iiac?y “i?aaeai” aeaeea?o? na?aeii?noue nia?o?
– nai???aeia caeeaiiy aei ia?, ca?eueiaiiy a?ae no?aoo ia?aae iath, ui
ca I. Aaeaeaaaa?ii, ? na?ae/aiiyi iiaiioe aeeooy.

Naiioi?noue, ?icaeoie iaae nia?oth, iaae a?/i?noth, iiooe naiai
i?ecia/aiiy o na?o? ? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeooiaii? ?aae?caoe?? a iueiio
i?eaiaeyoue e??e/ieo aa?i?a ?. Iaeaithea e I.E?aeoeueei?-Oieiaeii? aei
Aiaa. A ?ae?a?ei?e e??eoe? i?ioean aaniethoiiai ona?aeiieaiiy e??e/iei
aa?i?i i?e/aoiino? iniaeno?niiai aecenoaioe?eiiai aoooy aei iacaiiiai
aei??o iaaoaa? noaio aec??aaiiy aei aenoaco aca?iiceeooy c
Aiaeanoaaiiei. Ona?aeiieaiiy aeanii? a??oiaiino?, aeeaeiia ?icoi?iiy
i??e aeia?a ? cea coiiaeththoue nie?aiio iiei?o ia?aae Anaaeoi?i.
A?aeoae, o iiac?? aaoi?a Aia – oiniaeaiiy “na?oiaiai oai?oey”,
“a?o?oaeoa”, “ia?oiaeaeaoia”, anaaeanoeoaey iaaoaaei? eini?/ii? neee ?
aeaaee (“Aa/??”, “Ceia?ua”, “*oaeeia”, “Iineai??”).

C ?ieaie o?enoeyinueea ethaia o Iaeaithea ia?aoiaeeoue aeayeo
?a?iea?iaoe?th, noa? eacii ethaia?, uia oaeei /eiii niiaiyoe
noa?icaa?oi? caiia?oe, oiaoi uia c”?aeiaoe na?oe, ye? ia ?aeiathoueny
oae eaaei. Iaoao?ce/ia e??eea Iaeaithea aeic??aa? aei neioaco,
?aeiath/e ni?aoey “no?aoii?” aeiae ? ni?aoey caiii? aeie? ethaeeie.

Iaaecae/aeiith i?i?i/ith neeith iaae?eai? ea?oeie No?aoiiai noaeo,
iioeae Aiieae?inena (“A?c?y”, “Iei?”, “Iiaa/aiiy”, Iaia?aaeiaei?”,
“Iinone?eiooi”) a iiac?yo ?.Iaeaithea, I. Ieueaee/a, I. Noaoaiiae/a.

I??th i?i iacaeaaei?noue Oe?a?ie Iaeaithe iia”yco? c i?eoiaeii
i?ia?aeieea, aea?aeaaiiai ioaea, yeee iaa ae aooe noiaeei ia a?ae?eieo
i?i?ie?a, a?aeoae o iiaoe/iiio aei?iaeo ?aaaia Iaeaithea iaeeaathoue
ia?ace Iienay, ??ai??, nayoiai Iaioaeaeiiia, aiinoiea Iao?a. A iiac?yo
aaoi?a aeie?aieththoueny ia?ace Aiaaea, A?oaiaaea, Aieoaa-aeooa. An?
aiie aeiiiiaaathoue iiaoia? iia”ycaoe aea?aeaaieoeueeo ?aeaieia?th oa
oe?iiino? o?enoeyinueei? ii?ae?. Na?aae a?ae?eieo ia?ac?a, aei yeeo
caa?oa?oueny Iaeaithe, ao?i ye ? a?eueo?noue “i?aaeai”, aeae?ey?oueny
ia?ac ?nona O?enoa – oiniaeaiiy aaeeei? ethaia? aei ethaeae. E??ee
iiiaoecoaaa aaee/ naiiiiaea?oae, aa?i?ci O?enoa a ?i”y nian?iiy
ethaeae oa iaeaooiueiai Oea?noaa Iaaaniiai (“Aieaioa”). ?ae?a?ei?
iioeae – eiiiiiaio iieno iiaoii i?e?iaeieo yaeu. I?e?iaea ye aeya
?nioaaiiy Aiaa, aeiey e iaaeiey ye aeya i?ecia/aiiy cai?e, aeeooy
ethaenueea ye aea?oiie Aiaeee, a??a a Oea?noai iaaania – ana oea
oe?eeii o?enoeyinuee? iiaeyaee ia ?nioaaiiy ethaeeie. I.Aa?aey?a o
nai?e i?aoe? “Nianaiea e oai?/anoai” cacia/aa, ui oai?/ee noa”?eo iiaea
ae?aceoe naaa eeoa o?ainnoa”?eoeaii, oiaoi /a?ac ?oo ana?aaeeio naaa ?
a?aeiaeaeaiiy o aeanieo aeeaeiao oi?aa?noio, ai oai?/?noue ethaeeie
(oane? /e e?oa?aoi?a) ? aeyaeaiiyi aiaiiiae?aii? i?e?iaee ethaeeie, ??
aioo??oi?o e?aaoeaieo iioaioe?e. Iiac?y Iaeaithea, iniaeeai
inoaiiueiai /ano, ? ? oaeei aeyaii iaaoiiiiai iiooeo aa?o?niino?
ethaenueeiai ?nioaaiiy, naino ie?aiiai aoooy, iaiaei?iii iia”ycaiiai c
iaaeaoooyi.

O aeniiaeao iiaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? a iaai?e i???
?ice?eaathoue oaiiiai ?aaaia Iaeaithea o eiioaeno? e?oa?aoo?iiai
i?ioeano ia?oi? iieiaeie OO noie?ooy .

Aaaaoia?aii?noue ? aia?aaoeea Iaeaitheiai? iiac??, ae?aiacii ??
caoe?eaaeaiue ? aeeaeii?noue a?aeoai?aiiy noo? yaeu ? i?ioean?a a
aeeoo? ethaeeie ? noni?euenoaa oi/iei ? i?inoei neiaii, i?e
iaeneiaeueiiio caouaii?, aeeiai?ci? oa aiioe?ei?e ianiaaeaiino? eiai
noeeth aecia/athoue i?noea iiaoa ? ieneeoaey na?aae eeanee?a
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e OO noie?ooy, eeanee?a, ca Iaeaitheii, “ii
a?aeiioaiith aei aeeooy ? anueiai ?nioth/iai”, naaoi ieooe?a, eio??
“anaa?/ii aa/aoue ?a/? oa ?noioe”. A oiio, ye? a i??ee ia i?eeeaaeaeeny
aei iueiai, a?i ae?inoa? iiiaae ona nai?th aaee/i?noth ? iaiiaoi?i?noth,
aaeaea aoa ? caeeoa?oueny iaeno?ii (TH.Oa?ao) ? a cia/aii? i?iaoeueeiai
Meister, ? a cia/aii? o?aioeocueeiai Maitra.

Na?aae iiao?a “I?acueei? oeiee” ?aaai Iaeaithe aoa oei ieooeai, ui
oiniaethaaa iaiiai?io neeo, eini?/io aia?a?th, eiinie?aeoth/e c ??cieo
in?a ?aeeio ni?euei?noue. Iaeaithe, ao?i ye ? eiaeiee c
iiao?a-“i?aaeai”, iii?e iayai?noue ni?eueieo aeey an??? ai?a?aionueei?
iiac?? iioea?a, ooaa?aeaeoaaa aeanio iiaeaeue ?noi??inionueeiai aa/aiiy
aeie? Oe?a?ie.

Aeoo noa?i? ?a?iie, aeeaie? iaoe?iiaeuei? o?aaeeoe??, oai?/?noue ca
caeiiaie ienoaoeueei? aa?iii??, aioeoaoe/i?noue ye i?eioeei
na?oiaa/aiiy – aecia/aeuei? aaeoi?e ?ic?iaeaii? Iaeaitheii aeanii?
anoaoe/ii? nenoaie, iiaoaeiaaii? ia eoeueoia? aa?i?cio, ?ae?a?eiino?,
aeani?e ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oa neioac? eeane/iiai, aa?ieiaiai ? iiaea?ieo
(iai?iiaioeci, neiaie?ci, aeni?an?ii?ci) noee?a. Neioac aioe/ii?
eoeueoo?e, e?aueo c?ace?a na?oiaiai oa a?o/eciyiiai ienoaoeoaa, cie?aia
e ?in?enueeiai “n??aiiai a?eo” oa oe?a?inueeiai aeooiaiiai ceaoo
ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy, – c?acie iiooeo aaoi?ii o eeane/i?e
?iaa??aioiino? aeaniiai i?aeoiaeo aei ae??oaiiy aeooaeueieo
noni?eueieo i?iaeai , i?iaeiaaeaiiy eeane/ieo o?aaeeoe?e ?
o?ainoi?iaoe?? ?o ia aeania iaoe?iiaeuei?e iniia?.

Ethaiaia oa ?ae?a??nionueea e??eea Iaeaithea a ineoieia?/iiio oa
anoaoe/iiio aniaeoao ? aeyaii iaei??? c iaeaaaeeea?oeo a?aiae iiaoiai?
iniaenoino?. Aiae?c ethaiaii? e??eee aeiaiaeeoue aeoii/ai?noue
Iaeaithea-e??eea, yeee c aaeeeith iaenoa?i?noth ia?aaea? ithaine
ethaenueeeo ii/oaaiue, ia?aaeeaaiiy naiioiino? ? iaoao?ce/iiai aeaoo,
aaaeaiiy i?aeiino?, oaiea, ethaia?. O?einio?/i?noue eiai iiac?? c ??
ii?eaii aei iaaa, /anoeie caa?oaiiyie aei Aiaa ? aiaeii/an i?oeieie
ca”yceaie ?c caieath, aea? i?aenoaae aiai?eoe i?i ?? aecenoaioe?eiee ?
?ae?a?eiee oa?aeoa?.

O oeoai?/i?e iniaenoino? Iaeaithea ii?aeiaii uiiaeiaioa aea? iinoao?.
Ia?oa – noni?eueia, aea?aeaaieoeueea, cie?aia aea?aeaaioai?/a, ui
ao?eaia a ia?ac? “cae?ciiai ?iia?aoi?a no?io”, caaaeaee noai?iai
iaeneiae?noa. Ae?oaa – eini?/ia, a?/ia, i?ioa, iiaeaeiee – caiia. Oe?
iinoao? ni?a?niothoue a oai?/ino? iiaoa a?ae naiiai ii/aoeo. O ??ci?
oaeeeie ? ia??iaee aeeooy aiie iaiaeiaeiai ?aaaothoue ia noni?euei?
iiae?? oa aioo??oi?e noai iiaoa-ieneeoaey, ao?ethth/enue o oai?ao
i?ioenoaaeaiiyie ye iaeiei ?c iniiaieo cania?a eiai oai?/ino? a nenoai?
ienoaoeueeeo ia?ac?a. Oiio ?icaeyaeaoe oai?/?noue Iaeaithea,
aea?aeaaieoeueeiai e eini?/iiai, iio??aii o i?e?iaeiiio ii?aeiaii? oeeo
?en, aeacoth/e ia aeii?ioaaiiy ?o a eiie?aoiiio oai??, iaienaiiio a
eiie?aoi?e aeeoo?a?e ? noni?euei?e neooaoe??, ia eiie?aoiiio aeoeo
ni??ae? na?oiaa/aiiy iiaoa.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy e aeniiaee aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? o oaeeo
ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. I?ioi?aiei I. “ss nei naiai ia?iaeo…” (Aaoi?nueea a?ia?ao?y ?
iaioaeuei?noue o oai?/ino? ?aaaia Iaeaithea) // Iniaeno?noue
ienueiaiieea ia o?ioe? e?oa?aoo?e. Iaa/aeueiee iin?aiee.- Noie:
Neiaiaeaiueia, 1997.- N.119-127.

2. I?ioi?aiei I. “Ia i?inoi iiao, a aeooioai?iee Ian?y” // Naiino?eia
Oe?a?ia.- 1997.- *.2.- N.8-17.

3. I?ioi?aiei I. ?aaai Iaeaithe: aei i?iaeaie iaei?in?enoaa a ienoaoeoa?
// ?aaai Iaeaithe: e?oa?aoo?a, ?noi??inio?y, eoeueoo?ieia?y. Iaoa??aee
i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/aii? 100-??//th a?ae aeiy
ia?iaeaeaiiy ?aaaia Iaeaithea: O 2-o /. – E??iaia?aae, EAeIO, 1997.-
*anoeia 2.- N.6-9.

4. I?ioi?aiei I. Ieaia Oae?aa ? ?aaai Iaeaithe: aei i?iaeaie oai?/eo
aca?iei // Ieaia Oae?aa: a?iiaaenueea ? aeooiaia iieeeeaiiy ae?iee:
Iaoa??aee iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe??.- E.: Aeaeaaieoeoai ?iai? Ieaie Oae?ae,
1998.- N.76-83.

5. I?ioi?aiei I. “Aa?ae ianiieith ?ane…” // ?aaai Iaeaithe. AEeooy ?
oai?/?noue. Iaa/aeueii-iaoiaee/iee iin?aiee.- Noie: Neiaiaeaiueia,
1998.- N.4-16.

6. I?ioi?aiei I. “?icoiioai? iaethnoee” ?aaaia Iaeaithea // Neiai ?
/an.- 1998.- ? 9-10.- N.49-54.

7. I?ioi?aiei I. “C ia?aneoii a?ae ethaenueeiai e caiiiai…” (aei
i?iaeaie ?ae?a??nionueei? e??eee ?aaaia Iaeaithea) // Oe?a?inueea iiaa
oa e?oa?aoo?a.- ?34.- 1999.- N.4-6.

I?ioi?aiei I.O. Oai?/?noue ?aaaia Iaeaithea ? “I?acueea oeiea”
oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 10.01.01 – oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a.-
Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, Ee?a,
1999.

O aeena?oaoe?? aiae?co?oueny aaaaoia?aiia iiaoe/ia oai?/?noue ?aaaia
Iaeaithea a eiioaeno? iiac?? “I?acueei? oeiee” oa eiai aeanii?
oai?aoe/ii? i?ia?aie. Aeine?aeaeothoueny aeoiee oa niaoeeo?ea ?icaeoeo
iiaoe/ii? iaia?e aaoi?a, c”yniao?oueny eiai ?ieue oa i?noea a
oe?a?inueeiio e?oa?aoo?iiio i?ioean?, cie?aia ai?a?aoe?ei?e eiai
/anoei?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ai?a?aionueea e?oa?aoo?a, “I?acueea oeiea”,
?noi??inionueea eiioeaioe?y, iinoaeuea?y, noia?iniaeno?noue, a?ioeci,
naiioi?noue.

I?ioi?aiei I.O. Oai?/anoai Aaaaia Iaeaithea e “I?aaeneay oeiea”
oe?aeineeo iiyoia.- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeeieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 10.01.01 – oe?aeineay eeoa?aoo?a. –
Iaoeeiiaeueiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa,
Eeaa,1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia eco/aieth oai?/aneie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe
iaeiiai ec aaeeeeo oe?aeineeo ienaoaeae 20 no. – iiyoa, enoi?einioa,
eoeueoo?ieiaa, eeoa?aoo?iaaaea – Aaaaia Iaeaithea, aiaeeco aai
iiyoe/aneie iaia?u a oeiieiae/aneeo niiinoaaeaieyo n yaeaieyie
eeoa?aoo?iie aeecie oe?aeineie yiea?aoeee.

A enneaaeiaaiee ?aeiino?oe?iaaia ea?oeia eeoa?aoo?iie aeecie
oe?aeineie yiea?aoeee a ia?eiae iaaeaiaiiiai aeaaaeoeaoeeaoey
(1921 – 1939), ii?aaeaeaiu oaeoi?u, aeeyaoea ia ?acaeoea “I?aaeneie
oeieu” oe?aeineeo iiyoia. Enneaaeoy ynoaoe/aneea i?ia?aiiu A.Iaeaithea,
TH.Aea?aaaia, TH.Eeiu, Ieaiu Oaeeae, E.Iinaiaeca, I.Ieueaee/a, ae?oaeo
“i?aaeai”, aaoi? aeieacuaaao, /oi oai?/anoai iiyoia yoie iiyoe/aneie
a?oiiu aeaeea?e?iaaei eaeath oe?aeineie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, e yoi
iauaaeeiyei eo n caiaaeiioe?aeineie e niaaoneie eeoa?aoo?ie, ii n
i?ioeaiiieiaeiie (e eeoa?aoo?a niaaoneie) eaeaieiae/aneie
iai?aaeaiiinoueth, ae?oaei yiioeeiiaeueiui iano?iai – noie/aneiai
o?aaecia e iaaeaaeaeu. A eeoa?aoo?a yiea?aoeee auaeaeythony /a?ou
?iiaioe/aneiai ie?iiuouaiey, yeaiaiou iai?iiaioecia a iiyoeea, /oi
iiaeoaa?aeaeaao eaeath aeooiaiiai aaeeinoaa eeoa?aoo?u ?acaeaeaiiie
Oe?aeiu.

A ?aaioa aiaeece?othony iniaaiiinoe iiyoe/aneiai iuoeaiey Aaaaia
Iaeaithea ia i?eia?a eniieueciaaiey iiyoii eiio?anoiinoe eae iaeiiai
ec iniiaiuo n?aaenoa aai iiyoeee, ynoaoe/aneiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
nenoaiu ia?acia – noaiue, aaoa?, ?aea, iaai, iiea aiy, ai?iaea,
aaea “ i?ioiaeeee aeie” iiyoa-yiea?aioa, ia?acia eeanne/aneie
ca?oaaaeiie eeoa?aoo?u, eioi?ua oanii ia?aieaoaiu n ia?acaie oe?aeineie
ieoieiaee, enoi?ee, eoeueoo?u.

Eniieuecoy ia oieueei iiyceth, ii e eeoa?aoo?iaaae/aneea,
eoeueoo?ieiae/aneea o?oaeu, aeia?aoe/aneea oaeou, yienoiey?ee iiyoa,
ainiiieiaiey i iai, aaoi? aeieacuaaao oanioth acaeiinaycue ie?iiuouaiey
e oaiaoeee oai?/anoaa. Ineoieiae/aneee aniaeo iaioaeueiinoe iiyoa,
aai ?uoea?neiai aeooa, noaoon yiea?aioa yaeythony iniaaiii aaaeiuie
yeaiaioaie a iinoeaeaiee oaiiiaia Aaaaiey Iaeaithea.

Inouanoaeai aiaeec enoi?einioneie eiioeaioeee ieneeoaey a
eiioaenoa enoi?einioneeo eneaiee A.Euieineiai, TH.Euiu, I.Ieueaee/a.
?ane?uou ?aciua eiinoane anaiauaiethuaai aiaeaaeaioiiai ia?aca
Oe?aeiu, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeye niaie naiaiaeioth eiiiiceoeeth ia?acia,
oiiinia, neiaieia, ianuuaiioth yiioeeyie e ia?aaeathuoth ae?aio
enoi?ee Oe?aeiu n aeaaieo a?aiai aei nia?aiaiiinoe iiyoa.

Iin?aaenoaii ineoineioaca a aeenna?oaoeee ?anniio?aia i?iaeaia
?acaeaiaiey ee?e/aneiai aa?iy. Aeeeoaeueiay nioeeaeueiay
caaeneiinoue, aaia?aeecaoeey a?aaeaeaineeo e i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ?ieae
(“ia?nii”) iiyoa i?eaaee e eiaeiiio naiiioiaeaeanoaeaieth Aaaaia
Iaeaithea, aicieeiiaaieth “noia?ia?niiu” (ii ia?aiao?o aaoi?eoaoiinoe –
“cae?cieo ?iia?aoi? no?io”, “aeaae?aoi? ?ei”, “aa?ya”; ii ia?aiao?o
?aoa?aioiinoe – “nei naiai ia?iaeo”, “iia?e?ciaaiee aeiaith”).

I?ineaaeai i?ioean iinoaiaiiiai inaiaiaeaeaiey nouiinoe iiyoa io
ainiiaenoaa ee/iinoe. Aiaeece?othony ethaiaiay, oeeinioneay, ?aeeaeiciay
ee?eea Aaaaia Iaeaithea eae aaaeiua a?aie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe e
oai?/anoaa iiyoa.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eeoa?aoo?a yiea?aoeee, “I?aaeneay oeiea”,
enoi?einioneay eiioeaioeey, iinoaeueaey, noia?ia?niia, y?ioeci,
iaeeii/anoai.

Prohorenko O.F. Poetry of Yevhen Malanuyk end the “Prague group” of
ukrainian poets. – Manuscript.

A thesis for a candidate degree of philological science on specialty
10.01.01 – Ukrainian Literature. – National Pedagogical University
named by Drahomanov, Kiev, 1999.

The dissertation analyses the versatile poetic creativity of Yevhen
Malanuyk in the context of Prague group poetry and his own theoretical
program.

The author researches the sources and specific character of the poet’s
style, defines his role and place in Ukrainian literary proness,
especially during his emigration period.

Key words: literature of emigration, “Prague group”, historiosophic
conception, nostalgia, nostalgia, extrapersonality, erotism, solitude.

1 Euea?anueea iaoeiaa a?ae?ioaea ?i. A.Noaoaieea IAI Oe?a?ie. A?ae.
?oe. O.232. Iae.ca. 75/2. – Eenoe a?ae 17.11.31 ?. oa 23.11.31 ?.

2 O?ca? ?. Anoiia noaooy //Eii?aeeiaoe. Aioieia?y no/anii?
oe?a?inueei? iiac?? ia Caoiae?: O 2-o o. – Ithioai,1969.- N.21.

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