.

Теоретико-методичні основи функціонування системи післядипломної освіти педагогів в Україні: Автореф. дис… д-ра пед. наук / Н.Г. Протасова, Нац. пед

Язык: украинский
Формат: реферат
Тип документа: Word Doc
158 5645
Скачать документ

IAOe?IIAEUeIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

?IAI? I.I. Ae?AAIIAIIAA

I?IOANIAA IAOAE?ss AAI?A??AIA

OAeE 37.01:8

OAI?AOEEI-IAOIAeE*I? INIIAE OOIEOe?IIOAAIIss

NENOAIE I?NEssAeEIEIIII? INA?OE

IAAeAAIA?A A OE?A?I?

13.00.01 – Oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? ea??aieo eaae??a ina?oe

I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a.

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, ae?eniee
/eai AII

Oe?a?ie Ee?e/oe Ieaenaiae? Aaneeueiae/, Aea?aeaaia

aeaaeai?y ea??aieo eaae??a ina?oe, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e

ineoieia?? oi?aae?iiy.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,
/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio AII Oe?a?ie ?aooo Ieeiea Ai?eniae/, Ee?anueeee
aea?aeaaiee e?iaa?noe/iee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e iaaeaaia?ee;

aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eoaiaee Aieiaeeie? ?ea??iiiae/,
Oe?a?inueea aeaaeai?y aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie,
?aeoi?;

aeieoi? ineoieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, ae?eniee /eai AII Oe?a?ie
Iaeneiaiei Na?a?e Aeieo?iae/, ?inoeooo ineoieia?? ?iai? A.N.Einothea AII
Oe?a?ie, aee?aeoi?;

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii?
ina?oe AII

Oe?a?ie, eaai?aoi??y iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? aeui? oeiee,

i.Ee?a.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “10” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 14-30 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.053.01 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i. Ee?a,
aoe. Ie?iaiaa, 9).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i. Ee?a,
aoe. Ie?iaiaa, 9).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “6” o?aaiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee I.I. ?oaeieoeueea

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oa aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ina?oa ? aacia?a?aiei
i?ioeanii. Oey ?aeay aeieeea e?eueea aeanyoe?a ?ie?a oiio ? iaaoea
io?oe?eiiai aeciaiiy i?aeoe/ii a on?o ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao na?oo. Aiia
noaea i?eioeeiiaith iniiaith e aea?aeaaii? ina?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie,
iaoith ?ic?iaee oa ?aae?caoe?? ??cieo i?iaeo?a ? i?ia?ai o aaeoc?
ina?oe, iaa/aiiy oa aeoiaaiiy.

Aacia?a?ai?noue ina?oe ianueiaiaei? – ?aeeiee iiaeeeaee oeyo ae??ooaaiiy
neeaaeieo caaaeaiue aeiiii?/iiai, noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai, nioe?aeueiiai
? eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo e?a?ie a oiiaao i?enei?aiiy oaii?a
iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano, oaeaeeiai canoa??aaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??,
iiiaeaiiy oa ?icoe?aiiy ciaiue a on?o, aac aeiyoeo, aaeocyo iaoee,
eoeueoo?e, noni?eueiiai aeeooy oa ae?iaieoeoaa.

Noai?aiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie aacia?a?aii? ina?oe ia’?eoeaii
iia’ycaia c ?icaeoeii oa aoaeoeai?noth ina?oe aei?ineeo, oao?aoe?a, ye?
iathoue aeuo ina?oo, iaaiee i?ioan?eiee oa aeeoo?aee aeina?ae.

Iaa?ae’?iiith neeaaeiaith nenoaie aacia?a?aii? ina?oe ? nenoaia
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oao?aoe?a, yea iieeeeaia a no/anieo oiiaao
ae??ooaaoe eiiieaen caaaeaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia caaeiaieaiiy ?ioa?an?a
a?iiaaeyi o iino?eiiio i?aeaeuaii? i?ioan?eiiai ??aiy a?aeiia?aeii aei
eii’thieoo?e ?eieo i?aoe?, nioe?aeueiee caoeno, caaacia/aiiy iio?aa
noni?euenoaa ? aea?aeaae o aenieieaae?o?eiaaieo eiieo?aioini?iiiaeieo
oao?aoeyo.

Aea io?oe?eia aeciaiiy cia/aiiy i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, i?eeiyooy
a?aeiia?aeieo aeieoiaio?a, ye? ?aaoeththoue ae?yeuei?noue oe??? aaeoc?
ina?oe, ua ia na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui ?? ?aaeueia aaaii?noue aecia/aia oa
ona?aeiieaia ? noaea i?ia?aeiith ?aea?th ae?yeueiino? i?io?eueieo
onoaiia ? caeeaae?a ina?oe. Oe?ii?noue nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe a
iniiaiiio aaa/athoue o oiio, ui aiia ?iaeoue na?e aianie o ni?aao
cae?eniaiiy caoaa?aeaeaieo ia oeae iiiaio aeiiii?/ieo ? iie?oe/ieo
oe?eae oa caaaeaiue, a ia a oiio, ui i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa aaeiaieueiy?
i?aai ?iaeea?aea aai a?oie ethaeae ia aiaeiaaiiee ?icaeoie. ?acii c oei,
ia iiaeia caia?a/oaaoe cia/aiiy ?nioth/i? ?icaaeoaeaii? nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ye /eiieea, ui ni?ey? ?icaeoeia? ethaenueei?
iniaenoino?. Iiaeeeai, c oai?aoe/ii? oa c i?aeoe/ii? iiceoe?e aiia ia ?
?aeaaeueiei i?eeeaaeii, aea iaeiae na?ae/eoue i?i iaaia aeciaiiy oa
i?aeo?eieo eiioeaioe?? aacia?a?aii? ina?oe.

A i?ioean? naiai noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo nenoaia i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a i?ieoea e?eueea aoai?a a?ae ?ic??ciaieo
aiaoi?nueeeo eo?n?a aeey a/eoae?a aei nenoaie c ?icaaeoaeaiith ia?aaeath
a?aeiia?aeieo ina?oi?o onoaiia oa caeeaae?a, ye? i?aoeththoue ia iniia?
??cieo oi?i aeaniino? (aea?aeaaieo ? i?eaaoieo). Ia an?o aoaiao ?icaeoie
nenoaie iaoiiaethaaany nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieie iio?aaaie noni?euenoaa,
i?ia?anii iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee ? i?aeoeee, aecia/aiiyi i?noey iniaenoino?
a noni?euenoa? oa ?ie? ina?oe, ?aaeueiei aeciaiiyi oa noaaeaiiyi aei
i?aa ethaeeie ia a?eueiee ? anaa?/iee ?icaeoie, ao?eaiiyi ?o o aeeooy ?
i?aeoeeo ae?yeueiino? nenoaie ina?oe.

Iei? a oai??? oa i?aeoeoe? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaeiie/aii iaaiee
aeina?ae, yeee iiaea noaoe iniiaith ?icaoaeiae nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe a Oe?a?i?. Ca inoaii? aeanyoee?ooy aeine?aeieoeueea niaaeueia o
iaaeaaia?oe? oa noi?aeieo iaoeao cia/ii caaaaoeeany, ui a?aee?eaa?
ia?niaeoeae ooiaeaiaioaeueiiai oai?aoe/iiai ia?ainieneaiiy oa
ocaaaeueiaiiy ?nioth/eo i?iaeai i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo
eaae??a, iiooeo oeyo?a ?? ?aoi?ioaaiiy. C oe??? oi/ee ci?o aaaeeeaeie ?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ieoaiue aacia?a?aiino? ina?oe i?aoe?aiee?a ??cieo
niaoe?aeueiinoae (I.N.Aaaaniaa, E.?.Aioeeoa?iaa, ?.A.Aanooaeaa-Eaaea,
N.A.Aa?oeianueeee, I.I.Aa?aeoeueeee, I.I.Aeaaeeneaae?a, ?.?.Aey/aiei,
A.N.Aa?ooinueeee, A.?.Eo/einueeee, C.I.Iaeueeiaa, A.I. Oo?/aiei oa ?i.),
aeine?aeaeaiiy aacia?a?aiino? iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe oa i?ioan?eii?
aaeaioaoe?? iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a (A.?.Aiiaea?, A.?.Eoaiaee,
I.A.Ii?ic, ?.I.Iaaethoaieia, ?.?.Oiaethe), aeine?aeaeaiiy aeui?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe (A.I.Aeaenthe, ?.I.A?eica?oeaa, E.A.Eiaaeue,
E.N.Ia/eii?aiei, E.?.?oaeinueeee, A.A.Naaa?aea, A.I.Neanoueii?i,
I.?.Oe?eue), i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? iaaeaaia?a (A.?.Aiiaea?,
N.A.E?enthe, I.TH.E?aniaeoeueeee, TH.I.Eoethoe?i, I.A.Eooa?aaa,
A.?.Ianeia, A.A.Iiooe?i, I.I.Oiieiiiaa, I.A.Ooaeiieinueeee, O.?.Oaiiaa),
iaoiaee/ii? ?iaioe c iaaeeaae?aie (O.?.A?n?aea, O.A.Ai?eniaa,
A.N.Aeaieeiaa, ?.I.AEa?iinae, I.TH.E?aniaeoeueeee, A.?.Iooeia,
Ae.I.?oiiye, A.?.Oi?ioiaa).

I?iaeaie iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo, eiai aea/aiiy oa aeei?enoiaoaaiiy o
i?neyaeeieiii?e ina?o? iaaeaaia?a a?aeia?aaeai? o i?aoeyo
TH.E.Aaaainueeiai, A.?.AEo?aaeueiaa, ?.O.E?eaiiina, E.E.Iiiio,
A.?.Iiiinciia, ss.N.Oo?aianueeiai, I.I.Oee?ii? oa ?i.

Aeaye? aeine?aeaeaiiy oi?eathoueny ?ic?iaee ie?aieo ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo
c iaaeaaia?/iith ae?yeuei?noth oa i?aeaioiaeith aei ia? oao?aoe?a,
cie?aia iaaeaaia?/iiai ia?aaeaa/aiiy oa i?iaiicoaaiiy (I.E.Aieoa?a,
A.N.Aa?ooinueeee, A.?.Caaa’yceinueeee, ?.I.I?aeeanee), oai?/i?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino? (TH.I.Aca?ia, A.?.Caaa’yceinueeee,
A.A.Eai-Eaeee, I.Ae.Ieeaiae?ia, I.I.Iioaoiee, E.O.Ni??ei), naiiina?oe
iaaeaaia?a (N.A.Aa?oeianueeee, N.A.?eeaiia, A.N.Caee?ia, TH.I.Eoethoeei,
A.I.Eic??a, I.A.Ii?ic, I.?.I?aeeanenoee, A.O.?aenueeee), ineoieia?/ii?
i?aeaioiaee iaaeeaae??a (A.I.Aaee, I.?.Aiiaea?/oe, A.E.Aeaieaeaiei,
I.A.Ee?e/oe, I.E.Eieiiainueeee, I.TH.Iaianthe, A.A.Naie/aiei,
O.N.ssoeaiei oa ?i.), oi?aae?iiy (A.?.Aiiaea?, A.?.Caaa’yceinueeee,
A.?.Ianeia, A.?.Eiciaa, A.A.Naaa?aea, O.?.Nouaiei).

Iniaeeai aaaiieie o aeine?aeaeaii? i?iaeai i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a ? i?aoe? c aiae?iaia?ee (E.?.Aioeeoa?iaa, N.A.Aa?oeianueeee,
A.A.Aa?aae, A.A.Aea?einueeee, N.?.Ci??a, TH.A.Oeea, I.Iioec, O.Iaaea?,
?.Ni?o, I.Aeaea?a?n, E.Oo?in oa ?i.), aeiaieia?? (I.I.Aea?ea/,
E.?.I?aai, E.E.Oeyi), i?aoe? i?aaenoaaiee?a oeiee aoiai?noe/ii?
ineoieia?? (O.Athea?, I.Ianeio, E.?iaeaea?n) ? ?iaioe c ieoaiue
aoiai?caoe?? ina?oe, iniaeno?nii? i???ioaoe?? iaa/aiiy (A.I.Aa?ion,
I.I.Aa?oeaa?i, E.A.Aiiaea?aanueea, I.A.Eea?ei, I.TH.E?aniaeoeueeee,
E.I.Oianoiiiaa oa ?i.), ia?niiieia?/iiai i?aeoiaeo o i?neyaeeieiii?e
ina?o? iaaeaaia?a (Aeae.Aaa, A.A??enii, Ae.Ei???aai, O.Eanea?,
Ae.E?aa?iai, E.I?eea?, A.Ia???, I.Oaaa?iai oa ?i.).

I?ioa icia/ai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia ae/a?iothoue on?o ieoaiue
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, ine?eueee i?enay/ai? ia?aaaaeii
ie?aiei i?iaeaiai ? caeaa?eueoiai ?icaeyaeathoue iaeio i?aenenoaio
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe – i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe??. Oe?e?nia iaaeaaia?ea
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe caeeoa?oueny iaei?ic?iaeaiith.

No/aniee noai i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ia’?eoeaii a?aeia?aaea?
neeaaei? i?ioeane ia?aoai?aiiy, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a iaoiio noni?euenoa?
c on?ia o?oaeiiuaie oa caeiaooeaie. Nueiaiaeaiiy i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a aecia/a? ia o?eueee ?? noai o iaeaooiueiio, a e noai oeiee
caao?aoiueiai aeiy, noai an??? ina?oe e?a?ie, ine?eueee a neeo nai??
niaoeeo?ee i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a ia? yne?aai ae?aaeaia
i?iaiinoe/ia ni?yioaaiiy ? iaaoaa? iniaeeaiai aea?aeaaiiai cia/aiiy.

Aeyaeaiiy oa aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/ieo iniia ooieoe?iioaaiiy
no/anii? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ? aeooaeueiei ye c aieo
?ioa?an?a aea?aeaae, noni?euenoaa ? ae?iaieoeoaa, oae ? c aieo ?ioa?an?a
ie?aii? iniaenoino?. C /anii aeooaeuei?noue icia/aii? i?iaeaie
c?inoaoeia, ine?eueee nenoaia i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, ye
aoaeue-yea nioe?aeueia yaeua, i?aeaea?oueny oi?aae?iith oeyoii
oe?eani?yiiaaieo ae?e ia iniia? ??oaiue, ye? i?eeiathoue ethaee, ?
ia?aaoaa? o i?yi?e caeaaeiino? a?ae nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo, aeooiaieo,
eoeueoo?ieo oa ?ioeo iio?aa noni?euenoaa. Ioaea, ?? ?icaeoie iaeii/anii
? ? aeoieii, ? i?iaeoeoii noni?eueii-aeiiii?/iiai aeeooy, a iueiio
ii?aeiai? noa’?eoeai? ? ia’?eoeai? /eiieee. Noeoii?noue oeeo ia’?eoeaieo
? noa’?eoeaieo /eiiee?a iaoiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue oa caeiiii??io iio?aao
a aacia?a?ai?e ina?o? iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a, a ?acii c oei o
aeine?aeaeaii? oaeiai oaiiiaio ina?oiuei? i?aeoeee, ye i?neyaeeieiiia
ina?oa iaaeaaia?a. I?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue o oe?e aaeoc? oneeaaeiaia
oei, ui ianueiaiaei? oaeoe/ii ia ?nio? oe?e?nii? eiioeaioe??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. Oai??y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?ic?iaeaia
o?aaiaioa?ii, ?icii?ioaia o e?eueeio ?icae?eao iaaeaaia?ee ? ia
ona?aeiieth?oueny ye naiino?eia aaeocue ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe.

Aeeeaaeaia aeua coiiaeei aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy –
“Oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? iniiae ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a a Oe?a?i?”. Ia?aiee iai?yi aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aaciina?aaeiuei iia’ycaiee c Aea?aeaaiith iaoe?iiaeueiith
i?ia?aiith “Ina?oa” (Oe?a?ia XXI noie?ooy). Oaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
neeaaeiaith iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? oaie Aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? ea??aieo
eaae??a ina?oe “Iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
ea??aieo ? iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a”.

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a a Oe?a?i?.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a ia no/aniiio aoai? ?? ?icaeoeo.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – noai?aiiy oa aenia?eiaioaeueia ia?aa??ea
eiioeaiooaeueii? iiaeae? ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a ia iniia? aeyaeaiiy oa iaa?oiooaaiiy oaiaeaioe?e i?ia?ano
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ye iniaeeaiai nenoaiii-oe?e?niiai
ina?oiueiai oaiiiaia e i?aai?/ii? /anoeie aacia?a?aii? ina?oe.

Eiioeaioe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeth/a? iieiaeaiiy:

– oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo no/anii? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a iaoiiaeai? ye noni?eueieie iio?aaaie o aenieieaae?o?eiaaieo,
eiieo?aioini?iiiaeieo oao?aoeyo, oae ? iio?aaaie eiie?aoii? iniaenoino?
o nai?io aiaeiaaiiiio ?icaeoeo;

– i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa ? ae?oaith oacith aeaioaciiai i?ioeano
aacia?a?aii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, ia ye?e a?aeaoaa?oueny aeaeueoee
?icaeoie oa caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e oao?aoey;

– i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a – oea neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaia,
aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueia, a?aee?eoa, a?aeiinii naiino?eia, ina?oiy nenoaia,
aca?iica’ycee oa aca?iiae?y neeaaeiaeo eiiiiiaio?a yei? caaacia/othoue
?? i?ia?aneaiee ?icaeoie;

– a iniiao oai??? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iieeaaeaii
caaaeueiiiaoiaeieia?/i? oa aiae?iaia?/i? i?eioeeie, ye? ca oiiae ?o
i?iaeaiii-neooaoeaii-ae?aeia?/ii? ?aae?caoe?? iaaoaathoue cia/aiiy
oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a;

– eiioeaioe?y no/anii? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aeaoaeiao?oueny, aeoiaey/e
c ???a?o?? oaiaeaioe?e, o ye?e oaiaeaioe?y aoiai?caoe?? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a iaaoaa? iniaeeainoae aeiaaeueii? e eiie?aoeco?oueny
e??cue oaiaeaioe?th aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, iai?yiaie
ao?eaiiy yei? ? aeeiai?/i?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ?
i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy, yea, a naith /a?ao, iaoiiaeth?oueny i?aeaeuaiiyi
?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a;

– aecia/aiiy oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo oa a?aooaaiiy ???a?o?? ?o ni?ey?
i?enei?aiith i?ioean?a aeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo nenoaie, i?aeaeuaiith ??
aoaeoeaiino? a iaeaooiueiio oa aieeao ia ?icaoaeia/? i?ioeane a ina?o?
oeyoii iioei?caoe?? oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, ui i?eeiathoue iei?.

I?ia?aeia ?aeay aeine?aeaeaiiy a?oioo?oueny ia aeciaii? aiae?iaia?/iiai
i?aeoiaeo aei i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ? aeeth/a? oae?
i?eioeeiia? iieiaeaiiy: 1) i?ia?aeia ?ieue o aeani?e ina?o? iaeaaeeoue
naiiio oao?aoeaa?; 2) iaa/aiiy ia? aeoiaeeoe c ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae oiai, ooi iaa/a?oueny, a?aeiia?aeaoe eiai ?iaeea?aeoaeueiei
ina?oi?i iio?aaai oa noeioethaaoe c?inoaiiy oeeo iio?aa; 3) o i?ioean?
iaa/aiiy ne?ae aeei?enoiaoaaoe aioo??oi? neee iniaenoino?, nie?aoeny ia
i?e?iaeia i?aaiaiiy ethaeeie aei naii?icaeoeo ? naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy; 4)
iaa/aeueiee i?ioean a?aeaoaa?oueny o ni?euei?e ae?yeueiino? oeo, ooi
iaa/a?oueny, c oei, ooi iaa/a?.

Caaaeueia a?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy i?noeoueny o i?eiouaii?, ui i?ia?an
nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a iiaeeeaee ca oiiae
neia?aaoe/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei cae?eniaiiy oaiaeaioe?e: aoiai?caoe??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano,
aeeiai?/iiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy oa
i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a. Caaaeueia a?iioaca eiie?aoeciaaia o /anoeiaeo a?iioacao:

1. Ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aoaea aoaeoeai?oei ca oiiae
?ic?iaee ?? oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/ieo iniia ye naiino?eii?, a?aee?eoi?
oe?e?nii? nenoaie e i?aai?/ii? neeaaeiai? nenoaie aacia?a?aii?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe.

2. I?ia?an nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a iiaeeeaee ca oiiae
?aae?caoe?? aeiaaeueii? oaiaeaioe?? ?? ?icaeoeo – aoiai?caoe??,
aeo?aeiei i?eioeeiii yei? ? naiaiaea aeai?o, a aoaeoeai?noue
ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ia?aaoaa? o
i?yiiio ca’yceo c ?? aiae?iaia?caoe??th.

A?aeiia?aeii i?aaeiaoa, iaoe oa a?iioac iniiai? caaaeaiiy
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaathoue o:

1. Oai?aoe/iiio iaa?oiooaaii? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ye
a?aee?eoi?, iae?i?eii?, ianoaa?eueii? nenoaie oa aecia/aii? i?noey ?
?ie? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe a nenoai? aacia?a?aii? ina?oe ? no/anieo
oiiaao ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa, e?a?ie.

2. Eiiiiiaioii-no?oeoo?iiio aiae?c? ae?th/i? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, ?? aoaeoeaiino?.

3. Aeyaeaii? iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a oa ?o ???a?o??.

4. ?ic?iaoe? no?oeoo?e eiioeaiooaeueii? iiaeae? ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

5. Aenia?eiaioaeuei?e ia?aa??oe? eiioeaiooaeueii? cia/ouino? oa
ooieoe?iiaeueii? i?eaeaoiino? i?iiiiiaaii? iiaeae?.

6. Aecia/aii? ia?niaeoeaieo iai?yi?a ?icaeoeo oa ?ic?iaeyii? i?aeoe/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ?icaoaeiae nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a a?aeiia?aeii aei iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?? ?icaeoeo.

Iaoiaeieia?y aeine?aeaeaiiy oa eiai oai?aoe/ia aaca yaeythoue niaith
ii?aeiaiiy /ioe?ueio ??ai?a. Ia?oee ? ae?oaee ??ai? iathoue
caaaeueiiiaoeiaee, o?ao?e ? /aoaa?oee – ie?aiiiaoeiaee oa?aeoa?.

Ia?oee ??aaiue noaiiaeyoue:

– iaoiaeieia?y ae?aeaeoe/iiai iaoa??ae?cio, ui ? anaioiiethth/ei
iaoiaeii i?ciaiiy na?oo /a?ac inieneaiiy iaoa??? ?aeeiith iniiaith
na?oo, ?icaeyaeath/e na?aeii?noue ye aeanoea?noue aenieii?aai?ciaaii?
oi?ie iaoa???, ooieoe?th iiceo – a?aeia?aaeaiiy ia’?eoeaiiai na?oo; ?oo
oa ?icaeoie na?oo ye ?acoeueoao ae?? o iueiio naiiio aioo??oi?o
noia?a/iinoae. Iaoiaeieia?y ae?aeaeoe/iiai iaoa??ae?cio noaea iniiaith
oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/iiai inieneaiiy i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, aiae?co ??
noaio, aeyaeaiiy oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo oa aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoea;

– caaaeueiio?einionuee? ?aea? aoiai?noe/iiai iai?yio, aea ethaeeio
?icaeyaeathoue, ye aaniethoio oe?ii?noue ? naiioe?eue noni?eueiiai
i?ia?ano (I.Aa?oiai, I.N.A?ooaanueeee, A.Aonna?eue, I.I.Ae?aaiiaiia,
A.Eeie?anueeee, ?.?.Ia??iei, A.N.Neiai?iaea, A.?icaiia).

Ae?oaee ??aaiue noaiiaeyoue aen?ieia?/i? eiioeaioe?? o?einio?? ina?oe,
?ic?iaeai? ss.A.Eiiainueeei, E.Ae.Ooeinueeei, E.I.Oienoei,
I.?.Ie?iaiaei, O.Ae.Ae/aanueeith, N.O.Oaoeueeei, A.I.Nooiieeinueeei,
I.Iiioanni??, Aeae.Aeueth?, cie?aia: eiioeaioe?? o?einio?? aa?iii?eii?
oe?e?niino? (A.Nieiaeia, ss.A.Eiiainueeee, A.N.Iaea?aiei,
A.I.Nooiieeinueeee, A.A.Aeaaeaeia oa ?i.); eiioeaiooaeuei? ?aea?
iaaeioeaio?ecio, ?aeyoea?cio, ieth?ae?cio (A.N.Neiai?iaea, AE.-AE.?onni,
?.?eeao I.O?ae??, I.TH?eaae/); oai??? oa ?aea? ii?aeiaiiy oie?nonueeiai
oa ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-ieth?ae?noe/iiai iai?yi?a ina?oe (A.N.Iaea?aiei,
A.I.Ni?iea-?ineinueeee, ??.I.Aeiinueeee, O.I.Aiiiaoa?e?), ui ?
i?aeaaeeiith aenoiooeo o aeaiiio aeine?aeaeaii? ?aeae a?eueiiai aeai?o
oa ?aeiino? neeaaeiaeo noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa.

O?ao?e ??aaiue noaiiaeyoue: iaoiaeieia?y nenoaiiiai aiae?co c eiai
neia?aaoe/iei yae?ii (?.I?eaiaeei, A.Oaeai), a oaeiae o?ueiia aaeoi?aie
– aaiaoe/iei, eiiiiiaioii-no?oeoo?iei oa ooieoe?iiaeueiei (?.A.Aeaoaa?a,
A.A.THae?i, A.A.Aoaianue?a, TH.A.Eiia?aeaanueeee, I.A.Ee?e/oe);
o?einionuee? iniiae iaoeiaiai ia?aaeaa/aiiy oa oai??? i?iaiicoaaiiy, aei
yeeo iaeaaeaoue aiinaieia?y ? eia?ea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae ia?aaeaa/aiiyi
oa a?iioacith, ia?aaeaa/aiiyi oa caeiiii, a/aiiy i?i ia?aaeaa/aiiy ye
aeia?aaeaeoaaeueia a?aeia?aaeaiiy ae?eniino? o na?aeiiino? ethaeae,
caeaaei?noue ia?aaeaa/aiiy a?ae aea/aiiy ?aaeueieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo
ia’?eo?a oa yaeu (I.I.Aaiae?i, A.A.Aeiia?aaeia, N.?.Aii/a?oe,
?.A.Aanooaeaa-Eaaea, A.A.Einieaiia); iaoiaeieia?y ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai
i?aeoiaeo, ui aeeth/a? noeoii?noue ?aeae oa eiiieaen iaoaiaoe/ieo
cania?a (E.Oaiiii), ye? o ?icaeoeo i?eaaee aei na?oiaeyaeieo, iniaeeai
o?einionueeeo, ?ioa?i?aoaoe?e, cie?aia ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe??
(A.A.Aoaianue?a, A.O.AEo?aaeueia. O.I.Oeeae?y), ?ioi?iaoe?eii? oai???
oi?aae?iiy nenoaiaie (A.I.Iao?ia, O.?.Aoa?).

*aoaa?oee ??aaiue noaiiaeyoue: iaoiaeieia?y ae?yeuei?niiai i?aeoiaeo,
yea i?noeoue ?aea? oe?e?niiai oi?ioaaiiy iniaenoino? o ae?yeueiino?,
ae?aeaeoeeo eieaeoeaiiai ? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai o noaiiaeaii? e ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? o aca?iiae?? c iaaeieeoi?i na?aaeiaeuai (I.I.Eaiioue?a,
I.I.Aiaeaeueia), a oaeiae ae?yeuei?niee i?aeo?ae o eiai
aeoeaii-iiaeaethth/?e iiaeeo?eaoe?? ca A.I.Uaae?iaeoeueeei –
nenoaiii-ieneaii?ae?yeuei?niiio aa??aio?, ui ae?noaei ao?eaiiy o
iinoaiiaoe? i?iaeaie aiae?iaia?caoe?? i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy
oao?aoe?a, yea nyaa? oai??? naiiaeooae?caoe?? iniaenoino? (A.Ianeio,
O.Athea?, E.?iaeaea?n). I?eioeeiiaith eiioeaiooaeueiith ?aea?th, yea
noaea no?eaeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeiiiiiaea ia’?aeiaoe on? i?aeoiaee aei
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe o naiino?eio oai??th, noaea aiae?iaia?/ia ?aeay
(I.Iioec, I.Aeaea?a?n, ?.Ni?o).

A?aeiia?aeii aei aecia/aieo caaaeaiue aoei aeei?enoaii eiiieaen iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy: oai?aoe/iiai iiooeo – aiae?c, ii??aiyiiy, eeaneo?eaoe?y
oa nenoaiaoecaoe?y oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo; iaoiaee
i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?iiai neioaco, eiioeaiooaeueii-ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co, a
oiio /ene? ii??aiyeueii-?noi?e/iee, ii??aiyeueii-c?noaaiee,
eia?ei-?iaeoeoeaiee, a?iioaoeei-aeaaeoeoeaiee; eiiiiiaioii-no?oeoo?iee,
nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iee, nenoaiii-ooieoe?iiaeueiee; aii??e/iiai ni?yioaaiiy
– ae?aaiinoe/i? – aieaooaaiiy, iieooaaiiy, ?ioa?a’th, aan?aee;
iana?aaoe?ei? – niinoa?aaeaiiy, naiiniinoa?aaeaiiy; i?iaiinoe/i? –
aeno?aiieyoe??, aenia?oieo ioe?iie, iiaeaethaaiiy; aenia?eiaioaeuei? –
eiinoaooth/ee, oi?ioth/ee ? eiio?ieueiee aenia?eiaioe; i?aeneiao?e/i? –
aiae?c iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo, aiae?c aoaeoeaiino? ?acoeueoao?a
ae?yeueiino?; noaoenoe/ii? ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a – e?euee?niee ? ye?niee.

Aenia?eiaioaeueia aaca aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia
?iaioa i?iaiaeeeany o Aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? ea??aieo eaae??a ina?oe (aei
1997 ?. – Oe?a?inueeee ?inoeooo i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? ea??aieo
eaae??a ina?oe), a iaeanieo ?inoeoooao i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa
i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? a/eoae?a (Aieeinueeiio, ?aaii-O?aie?anueeiio,
Euea?anueeiio, Ieeiea?anueeiio, I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiio), Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i. I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (iaaeaaia?/iee
oaeoeueoao), ?aeiiieo iaoiaee/ieo eaa?iaoao i?noa Ee?aa (AEiaoiaaiio,
Cae?cie/iiio, I?inueeiio).

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny a o?e aoaie.

Ia?oee aoai (1991-1993 ??.) aoa iiooeiaei ? iia’ycaiee c aiae?cii
oai?aoe/ieo aeaea?ae ? i?aeoe/iiai aeina?aeo ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. Ia iniia? eiai ?acoeueoao?a
noi?ioeueiaaii a?iioaco oa aacia? oai?aoe/i? iiiyooy, aecia/aii
iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

Ae?oaee aoai (1993-?996 ??.) i?enay/aiee aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeuei?e
?iaio?, a i?ioean? yei? ?ic?iaeyee ? ai?iaiaoaaee ?aea? aiae?iaia?caoe??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, noai?thaaee eiioeaiooaeueio iiaeaeue
ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

O?ao?e aoai (1996-1998 ??.) – i?iaiaeeee aenia?eiaioaeueio ia?aa??eo
eiioeaiooaeueii? cia/ouino? oa ooieoe?iiaeueii? i?eaeaoiino? ?ic?iaeaii?
iiaeae?; cae?enithaaee nenoaiaoecaoe?th ? ia?iaeo aii??e/ieo aeaieo,
ona?aeiiethaaee ia ??ai? oai?aoe/iiai ocaaaeueiaiiy aeyaeai? oaiaeaioe??
oa caeiiii??iino? aeieeiaiiy iiaeo i?ioean?a o i?neyaeeieiii?e ina?o?;
aecia/aee ia?niaeoeai? iai?yie ?icaeoeo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa
i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei ?icaoaeiae iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.

O aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii? aeaaaeaii oa iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii
oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? iniiae ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a: oia?oa aecia/aii aiae?iaia?/i? i?eioeeie
ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, iniiai? noia?a/iino? oa
?oo?ei? neee, caeiiii??iino? oa ???a?o?th oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a; ae?noaea aeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo
eeaneo?eaoe?y ooieoe?e i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a oa ?ic?iaea
no?oeoo?e i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeeaae??a.

C?iaeaii aianie o ?ic?iaeo oai??? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a: oia?oa aecia/aii aeaoa?i?ioth/? /eiieee no?oeoo?e ci?noo
oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?a o nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe, oaiiiaiaeueia iieiaeaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo ye ia’?eoa,
i?aaeiaoa aea/aiiy oa i?aaeiaoa iaaoooy, aeiaaaeaii aeeiai?/iee oa?aeoa?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy; ae?noaee aeaeueoiai
?icaeoeo ieoaiiy i?noey ? ?ie? ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? o
ae?yeuei?nii-i?ioeanoaeueiiio eiiiiiaio? ci?noo ina?oe oa ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
iane/aiino? ye ye?nii? oa?aeoa?enoeee ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o oai?aoe/iiio ?
iaoiaeieia?/iiio iaa?oiooaaii? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
ye naiino?eii?, oe?e?nii?, iae?i?eii? oa neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaii? nenoaie;
aeyaeaii? iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a oa ?o ???a?o??; noai?aii? eiioeaiooaeueii? iiaeae?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a; iaoeiaiio
iaa?oiooaaii? noaoono aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a nenoai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.

O aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii? ?ic?iaeaii eiie?aoi? i?eeiie:
oe?e?niiai aiae?co i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, aeyaeaiiy ??
nenoaiii-oe?e?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee oa iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e, ia?aaeaa/aiiy
ia?niaeoea aeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo; noai?aii i?eioeeiiaee aeai?eoi
no?oeoo?oaaiiy ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a a?aeiia?aeii aei
aeaoa?i?iaio no?oeoo?e oai?aoe/iiai oa i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy,
aeeiai?/iiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?o; aecia/aii iciaee ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa oeyoe ?? i?aeaeuaiiy;
?ic?iaeaii iniiai? aniaeoe ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie a oiiaao
aa??aoeaiino? oa naiaiaee aeai?o ye aeo?aeiiai i?eioeeio aoiai?caoe??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a; noi?ioeueiaaii nooi?noue, aeiiae,
oiiae oa oeyoe aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a nenoai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeeaae??a.

Iniiai? eiioeaiooaeuei? iieiaeaiiy ? i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
?icaoaeiae iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
ai?iaaaeaeoaaeeny o ci?no i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?/ieo
i?aoe?aiee?a Aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? ea??aieo eaae??a ina?oe, i?e
?ic?iaoe? iaa/aeueieo ieai?a oa i?ia?ai, iaoiaee/iiai caaacia/aiiy
eo?n?a i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? oaeeo eiioeiaaio?a: iaoiaeeno?a ?
caa?aeoth/eo ?aeiiieie iaoiaee/ieie eaa?iaoaie, iaoiaeeno?a ?
caa?aeoth/eo eaa?iaoaie iaeanieo ?inoeooo?a oaeineiiaeaiiy a/eoae?a,
aee?aeoi??a oe?e, a oaeiae o eaeoe?yo, i?aeoe/ieo caiyooyo aeey neooa/?a
aeaaeai??, oe?iei? iaaeaaia?/ii? a?iiaaenueeino?; o i?ioean?
eiinoeueooaaiiy aeena?oaoe?eieo oa ea??aieoeoaa eo?niaeie ?iaioaie, ui
aeeiioaaeeny ia eaoaae?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe Aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai??
ea??aieo eaae??a ina?oe; o iaaeaii? iaoeiai-eiinoeueoaoeaii? aeiiiiiae
iaoiaee/iei i?aoe?aieeai, ea??aieeai oe?e oa o/eoaeyi na?aaei?o
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a Oe?a?ie. O ?iaio? iaeanieo ?inoeooo?a
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a (?aaii-O?aie?anueeiio –
aeia?aeea ?01/227 a?ae 26.10.98; Euea?anueeiio – aeia?aeea ?02/114 a?ae
24.10.98; I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiio – aeia?aeea ?01-5/114 a?ae 14.10.98),
iaoiaee/ieo ia’?aeiaiue o/eoae?a caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e i. Ee?aa (? 1 –
aeia?aeea ?65 a?ae 29.10.98; ? 101 – aeia?aeea ?77 a?ae 15.10.98; ? 267
– aeia?aeea ?74 a?ae 16.10.98) oa a i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aiiy ? i?aeaeuaiiy
eaae?o?eaoe?? eaae??a Nioe?aeueii? neoaeae aeey iieiae? i. Ee?aa
(aeia?aeea ?465 a?ae 29.10.98).

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a.

Aaoi? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy naiino?eii ?ic?iaeea
oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? iniiae ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, aeyaeea ?? neeaae, no?oeoo?o, oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo;
?icaeyioea aeina?ae oa no/aniee noai i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a c
iiceoe?? ?aae?caoe?? i?aa ethaeeie; aecia/eea aeaoa?i?ioth/? /eiieee
no?oeoo?oaaiiy ci?noo, iciaee ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? oa ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
iane/aiino? ye ye?nii? oa?aeoa?enoeee ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa
oaiiiaiaeueia iieiaeaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo ? naiiina?oe a
i?neyaeeieiii?e ina?o? iaaeaaia?a; iaa?oiooaaea aiae?iaia?/iee i?aeo?ae
aei i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe; ?ic?iaeea aiae?iaia?/io iiaeaeue iaa/aiiy;
noai?eea eiioeaiooaeueio iiaeaeue ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. Aei noai?aiiy iiae?aii? iiaeae?
oia?oa aoei caeo/aii neia?aaoe/io iao?eoeth.

A??ia?aei?noue oa a?aoiaioiaai?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a coiiaeai?
iaoiaeieia?/iith iaa?oioiaai?noth aeo?aeieo iieiaeaiue oa eiiieaeniith
iaoiaeeeith, yea ia?aaeaa/a? nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iee oa
nenoaiii-ooieoe?iiaeueiee aiae?c yaeu, aaeaeaaoiee caaaeaiiyi oa eia?oe?
aeine?aeaeaiiy; ?ai?acaioaoeai?noth ? noaoenoe/iith cia/ou?noth ianeao
aii??e/ieo aeaieo, ui caaacia/othoue eia?/i?noue, iaa?oioiaai?noue ?
aeinoia??i?noue iaoeiaeo iieiaeaiue oa aeniiae?a; c?noaaeaiiyi
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy c i?aeoeeith i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ai?iaiaai? ia
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iaia?a?aia iaaeaaia?/ia ina?oa:
i?iaeaie oa ia?niaeoeae”. Eai’yiaoeue-Iiae?euenueeee, 1993;
i?ae?aa?iiaeuei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
oaeineiiaeaiiy i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a (a
aniaeo? ?aae?caoe??) Aea?aeaaii? iaoe?iiaeueii? i?ia?aie “Ina?oa”
(Oe?a?ia XXI noie?ooy). Ieeiea?a, 1994; ca?oi?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
“Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a o
ia??iae a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? oeiee”. Ee?a, 1993;
?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
ineoieia?/ii? ina?oe a nenoai? i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? eaae??a”. Ee?a,
1994; Anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oeyoe ?icaeoeo oa
aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe”. Ee?a, 1995; ca?oi?e
iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa ea??aieo ? iaaeaaia?/ieo
eaae??a: i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo”. Ee?a, 1995; Anaoe?a?inuee?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “O?einio?y no/anii? ina?oe oa noai ??
?ic?iaee a Oe?a?i?”. Ee?a, 1996; I?aeia?iaeiiio nai?ia?? c aoiai?noe/ii?
ineoieia?? oa iaaeaaia?ee. ??aia, 1998; ca?oi?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
“Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ea??aieo ?
iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a”. Ee?a, 1998; Anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Oi?aae?iiy iaoe?iiaeueiith ina?oith a oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy ?
?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?”. Ee?a, 1998.

Ioae?eaoe??.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaaii o 34 iaoeiaeo ?
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo i?aoeyo, c ieo – 2 iiiia?ao??, 1 iaa/aeueiee
iin?aiee, 16 noaoae o iaoeiaeo oaoiaeo aeo?iaeao ? ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue, 2 iaa/aeuei? ieaie, 2 iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, 11 iaoa??ae?a
? oac eiioa?aioe?e. Caaaeueiee ianya iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue noaiiaeoue
aeecueei 30 oiiaieo ae?oeiaaieo a?eoo?a.

Ia caoeno aeianaii:

1. Iieiaeaiiy i?i nioe?aeueio aeioe?euei?noue oa ooieoe?iiaeuei?noue
neia?aaoe/ii? eiioeaioe?? ia?niaeoeaiiai ?icaeoeo nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a a Oe?a?i?.

2. Eiioeaiooaeueia iiaeaeue ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

3. Oaa?aeaeaiiy i?i oa, ui aiae?iaia?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a caaacia/o? aeeoo?caeaoi?noue nenoaie a no/anieo oiiaao oa a
ia?niaeoea?.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??.

?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio, oanoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a aei ?icae?e?a,
caaaeueieo aeniiae?a (ianya iniiaiiai oaenoo – 401 noi??iea), nieneo
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (394 iacae, c ieo ?iicaiieie iiaaie – 34). O
?iaio? ai?uaii 6 iaethie?a, 2 oaaeeoe?, 12 aeiaeaoe?a (ianyaii 40
noi??iie).

Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??.

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie ? nooi?iue aeine?aeaeaiino?
ia?aii? i?iaeaie, noi?ioeueiaaii i?iaeaio, eiioeaioe?th, a?iioaco,
aecia/aii ia’?eo, i?aaeiao, iaoo, caaaeaiiy, iaoiaeieia?th, iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eoi eiai oai?aoe/io cia/ou?noue ? i?aeoe/io
oe?ii?noue, noi?ioeueiaaii iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeianai? ia caoeno,
a?aeia?aaeaii ai?iaaoe?th ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy,
aeeeaaeaii iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a ye
nenoaia” iaa?oioiaaii oa eiie?aoeciaaii oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, ui aeaei ciiao nooo?ai inieneeoe ? aecia/eoe ??
ye a?aeiinii naiino?eio, neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaio a?aee?eoo nenoaio, yea ?
neeaaeiaith aacia?a?aii? ina?oe.

Eiioeaiooaeuei? oyaeaiiy i?i i?neyaeeieiiio ina?oo iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a
?icaeaaeeny a iaaeao caaaeueieo oyaeaiue i?i i?neyaeeieiiio ina?oo. Aiie
aeieeee c ?icoi?iiy oa ona?aeiieaiiy iaiao?aeiino? i?aeaioiaee ?
i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? oao?aoe?a, aaeineiiaeaiiy ?oiuei?
iaenoa?iino?. Iai?ee?ioe? 80-o ?ie?a o nenoai? aacia?a?aiiai i?aeaeuaiiy
eaae?o?eaoe?? iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a ca?iaeeany ye?nii iiaee ina?oi?e
oaiiiai – i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a, yeee ?icaeaaany ? iaaoaaa
iciae nenoaie a iaaeao aacia?a?aii? iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe. A?o/eciyi? oa
ca?oa?aei? iaoeia? i?aoe? inoaiiueiai /ano na?ae/aoue i?i aeciaiiy ?ie?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oao?aoe?a ye i?aai?/ii? neeaaeiai? nenoaie
aacia?a?aii? ina?oe.

Iii?oiiai ?icaeoeo o iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? iaaoee ? i?iaeaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a. Neeaaeaia ia iniia?
o?aaeeoe?eieo i?aeoiae?a aei ina?oe, caiice/aieo, ia?aaaaeii c
iaaeaaia?ee na?aaeiuei? oa aeui? oeiee, oai??y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe a
neeo nai?o iiaeeeainoae aeiiiiaaaea i?aeoeoe?. Aea iiaeeeaino? oe? aoee
ii??aiyii iaaaeee?. ?icaeoie oai??? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
aoa iaaeinoaoi?e aeey ae??oaiiy aaaaoueio ieoaiue i?aeoeee aacia?a?aii?
ina?oe oao?aoe?a. Ianueiaiaei? e?aua ?ic?iaeai? ie?ai? iaoiaeeee
i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy.

Oai??y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a o iaoiaeieia?/iiio aniaeo?
o?aaiaioa?ia, ?ic??ciaia, ?icii?ioaia ii e?eueeio ?icae?eao iaaeaaia?ee
e ia ona?aeiieth?oueny ye naiino?eia iaaeaaia?/ia aaeocue. Iacaaaeath/e
ia ni?iae caanoe ie?ai? iieiaeaiiy i?ae ocaaaeueithth/ith iacaith iaaii?
eiioeaioe??, aeinyaiooe oni?oo ia aaeaaaeiny oiio, ui ?nioaaei oa ?nio?
aace?/ oai?aoe/ieo i?iaaeei, ye? ia?aoeiaeaeathoue ?? nenoaiiiio
aeeeaaeaiith, ni?aaaeiueiio eiioeaiooaeueiiio iaa?oiooaaiith ye ?aeeii?
oai?aoe/ii? nenoaie.

O?eaae?noue ?nioaaiiy oai?aoe/ieo i?iaaeei, o naith /a?ao, noaea
iane?aeeii iaioaaiiy a nenoai? i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? iaaeaaia?a, a
iio?i ? a nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oae caaieo aaciai-aeiaeaoeiaiai
oa i?ioan?eii-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiai i?aeoiae?a. I?e aaciai-aeiaeaoeiaiio
i?aeoiae? i?neyaeeieiiio ina?oo ?icaeyaeaee ye aeiaeaoeiao, ia iniiaio ?
ia iaia’yceiao, a i?e i?ioan?eii-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiio i?aeoiae?
iniaeno?noue oao?aoey acaaae? ia a?aoiaoaaee ? i?aaethaaee aei ?ie?
?iai/i? neee. Oea aeoeaiooaaei oaaao aeine?aeiee?a ia ia oai?aoe/ieo, a
ia i?aeoe/ieo, oaoiieia?/ieo i?iaeaiao iaieiae?iiy i?ioan?eieie
ciaiiyie, ai?iiyie oa iaae/eaie ? canoinoaaii? ?o c iaaiith
aoaeoeai?noth ia ?iai/iio i?noe?.

?aaeuei? iio?aae oa iiaeeeaino? ?ic?iaeyiiy naiino?eii? oai???
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aeieeee c? ci?iith a Oe?a?i? nioe?aeueieo,
aeiiii?/ieo oa iie?oe/ieo i??i?eoao?a, c ia?aianaiiyi ?ioa?an?a
ethaeeie, ?? iaiiaoi?ii? iniaenoino? a oeaio? oaaae iaoee, ae?iaieoeoaa,
eoeueoo?e ? ina?oe. I?eioeeiiaith eiioeaiooaeueiith ?aea?th, ui iiaea
ia’?aeiaoe on? ?ic??ciai? i?aeoiaee aei i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe a
naiino?eio oai??th, ? aiae?iaia?/ia ?aeay, yeo c oni?oii ?ic?iaeythoue ?
ao?eththoue i?aaenoaaieee i?ia?aneaieo ca?oa?aeieo iaaeaaia?/ieo oe?e ?
yeo ii/eiathoue ona?aeiiethaaoe oe?a?inuee? oai?aoeee ? i?aeoeee
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.

Nie?ath/enue ia aeniiaee I.I.*a?ieoiaa oa A.I.TH?eniaa i?i aeaioaciee
oa?aeoa? aacia?a?aii? ina?oe oao?aoey, a aeena?oaoe?? aecia/aii, ui
i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a ? ae?oaith oacith
aeaioaciiai i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy, ?icaeoeo oa caaaa/aiiy noeoiii?
eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa. Ia oe?e oac? a?aeaoaa?oueny aeaeueoee ?icaeoie oa
caaaa/aiiy noi?iiaaieo o i?ioean? aoc?anueei? ina?oe (ia ia?o?e oac?)
iniia noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
neia?aaoe/iee i?aeo?ae, yeee aeicaieea ?icaeyaeaoe i?neyaeeieiiio ina?oo
iaaeaaia?a ? iniaeno?noue iaaei?aoe?aieea, ui o i?e iaa/a?oueny, ye
neeaaeiii?aai?ciaai?, a?aee?eo?, naiinoai?thaai?, iae?i?ei? oa
ianoaa?euei? nenoaie. ?acii c oei neia?aaoe/iee i?aeo?ae ia aeeeth/a?
iaaii? aeaoa?i?iiaaiino? ?icaeoeo nenoai, yea ae?aaeaia ??ciiiai?oi?noth
oeyo?a ?icaeoeo ? yea oa?aeoa?ia oeueiio eeania? nenoai. Oaeei /eiii,
aecia/aiiy ?oo?eieo nee, caeiiii??iinoae ? i?eioeei?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy
nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ? caniaii a?aee?eooy iaae ?? iano?eeino?
? caeii?a naiii?aai?caoe??.

Aeo?aeieie iieiaeaiiyie, ui iaoiiaeththoue ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, ? caaaeueiiiaoiaeieia?/i?
(nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? aeaoa?i?iiaaiino?, nenoaiiino?, ianooiiino?,
iine?aeiaiino?, eiiieaeniino?, iaoeiaino?, i?iaiinoe/iino?) oa
aiae?iaia?/i? (a?aooaaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai aeina?aeo oa ?icaeoeo
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ina?oi?o iio?aa, ??aiaai-eaae?o?eaoe?eii?
aeeoa?aioe?aoe??, a?aooaaiiy aeeoo?ai? oa iinaaeiai? ia?niaeoeae,
a?eiaiai i?aeoiaeo, naiaiaee aeai?o, i?iaeaiii-neooaoeaii? i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aiiy, noeioethaaiiy naiiina?oe ? naiino?eiino? iaa/aiiy, ni?eueii?
ae?yeueiino? a iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?, ?icaeoeo oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo oa
ii?aeueii-aieueiai? noa?e iniaenoino?, aeooae?caoe?? ?acoeueoao?a
iaa/aiiy) i?eioeeie, ye? a?aeia?aaeathoue niaoeeo?eo noa’?eoa
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe e i?iiecothoue onth nenoaio oa noai?aeeiothoue
??.

?icaeoie nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
ia’?eoeaii ?nioth/eie, nooo?aeie ca’yceaie yaeu ina?oe ? noni?eueiiai
aeeooy. Oaeeie caeiiii??ieie ca’yceaie ? caeaaei?noue i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe ye iniaeeaiai ina?oiueiai ooai?aiiy a?ae noeoiiino? ia’?eoeaieo ?
noa’?eoeaieo /eiiee?a noni?eueiiai aeeooy; ?aei?noue ? aca?iica’ycie
?icaeoeo oa caaaa/aiiy a i?ioean? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
caaaeueiieoeueoo?ii? (caaaeueiiina?oiuei?), oaoiai-eaae?o?eaoe?eii? oa
ooieoe?iiaeueii? neeaaeiaeo noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa; aca?iica’ycie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaiaa c aeoeaiith naiiina?oith, naii?icaeoeii
? naiiaeoiaaiiyi; caeaaei?noue aoaeoeaiino? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a a?ae aeioe?eueii i?aai?ciaaii? ae?yeueiino? oa ?icoiii
iiaoaeiaaiiai ni?eeoaaiiy a ?? i?ioean?.

?oo?eieie neeaie ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ? noia?a/iino?
i?ae aeiiaaie uiaei caaeiaieaiiy noni?eueieo iio?aa, ye? aenoaathoueny
noni?euenoaii, oa ?ioa?anaie, iio?aaaie eiie?aoiiai ?iaeea?aea; i?ae
oaiiaie canoa??aaiiy ina?oe, ciaiue, ?ioi?iaoe?? oa oaiiaie ?o
iiiaeaiiy; i?ae iiaeeaeaiiyi ? ?icoe?aiiyi ethaenueeiai aeina?aeo oa
i?e?iaeiith iaiaaeai?noth iiaeeeainoae ethaeeie a iiaiiaoaaii? iei; i?ae
aocueeii?ioan?eiith caieiai?noth i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? oao?aoey oa
anaa?/iei ? aa?iii?eiei ?icaeoeii iniaenoino?.

No?oeoo?iee oa ooieoe?iiaeueiee aiae?c no/anii? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
aeicaieea aecia/eoe ?? ye aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueia oe?e?nia nenoaiia
ooai?aiiy, aei neeaaeo yeiai aoiaeyoue caaaeueiieoeueoo?iee
(caaaeueiiina?oi?e), oaoiai-eaae?o?eaoe?eiee oa ooieoe?iiaeueiee
eiiiiiaioe, ui aca?iiiia’ycai? oa aca?iiiaoiiaeai?

sse ? aoaeue-yea nenoaia nioe?aeueiiai ii?yaeeo, nenoaia i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a i?iyaey?oueny o ?? ooieoe?yo. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeei aecia/eoe ooieoe?? nenoaie oa eeaneo?eoaaoe
?o. Noiniaii iniaenoino? oao?aoey ooieoe?? nenoaie iiae?eythoueny ia
a?oie ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o ooieoe?e. Ia iniia? no?oeoo?iiai aiae?co
aecia/aii aoaeiao nenoaie. No?oeoo?ieie aeaiaioaie nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ?: i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe??,
io?eiaiiy iiai? oa nii??aeiaii? iaaeaaia?/ii? niaoe?aeueiino?, io?eiaiiy
eaae?o?eaoe?? a?aeiia?aeii aei niaoeeo?/ii? ooieoe?iiaeueii?
ae?yeueiino?, aeiaeaoeiaa ina?oa, ani??aioo?a, aeieoi?aioo?a,
naiiina?oa. Ca’ycee, ye? ?niothoue i?ae no?oeoo?ieie aeaiaioaie, ?
nenoaiinoai?thaaeueieie, ui oa?aeoa?eco? nenoaio i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeeaae??a ye oe?e?nio oa aeeiai?/io. Oe?e?ni?noue oa ianoaa?euei?noue
nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a caaacia/othoueny iaaiei
aiaeiaii oaino – naiiina?oith.

Aecia/aiiy oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a aeicaieeei ia?aeoe aei aeyaeaiiy oa
?icaeyaeo oaiaeaioe?e ?? naii?icaeoeo.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Aoiai?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo
eaae??a” iaa?oioiaaii ? aeiaaaeaii, ui aeiaaeueiith oaiaeaioe??th
?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a ? ??
aoiai?caoe?y. A ?noi??? ina?oe Oe?a?ie aoiai?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe acaaae? ua ia iaea aiaeia?a, oiio i?ioean, yeee a?aeaoaa?oueny
nueiaiaei?, iia’ycaiee c iino?eiei iiooeii ?aeae, i?aeoiae?a ? oeyo?a
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie. Iei? aoiai?caoe?y noa?
iniiaiei iai?yiii ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa ?, a?aeiia?aeii, ?icaeoeo an???
eiai nioe?aeueii? noa?e.

A aaeoc? ina?oe oey oaiaeaioe?y ae?aaeaia ianaiia?aae o i??i?eoaoiino?
ethaeeie, ?icaeoeo ?? aaaaoia?aiieo cae?aiinoae oa ?ioa?an?a, noai?aii?
iiaeeeainoae aeey aaeiaieaiiy ?? ??cieo ina?oi?o iio?aa. Aea oeyo
aoiai?caoe?? ina?oe, ? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe cie?aia, aeineoue
neeaaeiee, ai iia’ycaiee c aeeaeiiei aioo??oi?i ?icaeoeii aeaiie?ao?? a
Oe?a?i?. A aiioo aaoi?eoa?ecio aoiai?caoe?y ina?oe aoea iaieioaia
io?oe?eii, iniaeno?noue oa ?? ?ioa?ane ciai? aoee ia?aaaaeai? a ?aia
i??i?eoao?a, aea iani?aaae? a o? /ane iniaeno?noue acaaae? ia aoea
iio??aia ? iaa?no?aeueiei oeyoii aea?aeaaii? ina?oiuei? iie?oeee noaaaei
oi?ioaaiiy noie?iiiai aeeiiaaoey. Oiio ciai? cae??ieaia aea?aeaaith
aoiai?caoe?y aiane?aeie ae?? aioo??oi?o iaoai?ci?a ia?aoai?thaaeany ia
oi?o?eaoe?th ina?oe. Ia ia?oee ? iniiaiee ieai aenoaaeeny i?ioan?ei?
ciaiiy, oi?iiy oa iaae/ee, ? a iaaeao i?ioan?eiiai c?inoaiiy ?icaeyaeaee
i?ia?an iniaenoino?, ?? ??ciia?/i?noue. Aeoiaey/e c oeo naieo
i?ioan?eieo ia?aiao??a, ia?aaeaa/aeeny iiaeeea? ina?oi? ?ioa?ane
oao?aoey oa caniae aaeiaieaiiy ?o.

Aoiai?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a ni?yiiaaia
ianaiia?aae ia ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie ia?aoiaeo a?ae ?icoi?iiy ? oeoia/aiiy
niaoe?ae?noa eeoa a nooi i?ioan?eiiio aniaeo? aei cia/ii oe?oiai aniaeoo
– iniaeno?niiai. Oiaoi ciaiiy, ai?iiy oa iaae/ee c iaoe ina?oe iathoue
ia?aeoe aei cania?a ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? oao?aoey, i?e/iio ia
iniaenoino? acaaae?, a eiie?aoii? iniaenoino?.

?aae?caoe?y oaiaeaioe?? aoiai?caoe?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
caeaaeeoue a?ae iayaiino? iaaieo ni?eyoeeaeo oiia. Oaeeie oiiaaie a
aeaiiio aeiaaeeo iiaeia aaaaeaoe ianaiia?aae aeciaiiy i?aa ethaeeie a
oe?ieiio ?icoi?ii? oeueiai iiiyooy. Aeiaea?aeaiiy i?aa ethaeeie a
nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a ? iniiaith ??
aoiai?caoe??. Iniiai? i?aeia?iaei? aeieoiaioe i?i i?aaa ethaeeie
ia?aaeaa/athoue ??cieoeth i?ae aeaiia aeaeaie iio?aa, ye? aeanoea? on?i
ethaeyi, oiaoi i?ae aeaiia aeaeaie i?aa, o yeeo on? ethaee iinoathoue ye
??ai? (aai ia?aaeaa/athoueny oaeeie). Oea oae? i?aaa: a) i?ooi ia
iiaeiai ?iaeoe caiao ia ?iaeea?aea, eiai aeeooy acaaae? oa, cie?aia, a
oie /an, eiee a?i (aai aiia) aeooae?co? na?e aaciina?aaeiuei ethaenueeee
iioaioe?ae (i?aai ia aeeooy, naiaiaeo ? aaciaeo iniaenoino?, i?aai ia
naiaiaeo ieneaiiy, aeoiee oa ae?aaeaiiy, i?aai ia iniaenoa aeeooy oa
?i.); a) iiaeii? ?nioaaoe iiia?aaei? oiiae, ui aeicaieythoue eiaei?e
ethaeei? ?aae?ciaoaaoe na?e ethaenueeee iioaioe?ae (i?aai ia ina?oo,
i?aai ia i?i?iaeueiee ??aaiue aeeooy oiui).

Oiiae cae?eniaiiy oeeo aeaio aeae?a i?aa ??ci?. Caoeno i?aa ia?oiai
aeaeo ia?aaeaa/a?, ui aiie iathoue aooe aa?aioiaai? caeiiii.
Caoeuai?noue i?aa ae?oaiai aeaeo caeaaeeoue a?ae noni?eueieo ?inoeooo?a.
Ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ye
nioe?aeueiiai ?inoeoooo ia? aooe ni?yiiaaia ia noai?aiiy oaeeo
oiia, a oea ia?aaeaa/a?: 1) iaaeaiiy iaa/aiith oao?aoe?a
iniaeno?nii-?icaeaaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o, ui iiai?oa a?aeiia?aea? ?ioa?anai
? i?aaai ethaeeie, ca?eueoo? eiei ?? naiaiae; 2) caaacia/aiiy anaa?/iiai
? aa?iii?eiiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? iaaeaaiaa, caeo/aiiy eiai aei
iaoe?iiaeueieo ? na?oiaeo caaaeueiieoeueoo?ieo iaaeaaiue; 3) oe?iea
?iciianthaeaeaiiy ?aeae oa ciaiue ia iniia? iaeneiaeueii a?eueiiai
iai?io aeoieaie i?ae /an iaa/aiiy; 4) ni?eyiiy oa noeioethaaiiy ie?aeii?
naiiina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a; 5) cae?eniaiiy nioe?aeueiiai
caoenoo iaaeaaia?a o aeaeyae? ?aaeueii? aeiiiiiae a i?ioean?
nioe?aeueii? aaeaioaoe?? oa i?enoinoaaiiy aei iiaeo ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei;
6) onoiaiiy iaaieo iaiaaeaiue aeey iaaeaaia?a o caeiaooo?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ca iio?aaith (a?eiaeo iaiaaeaiue, ?aaeaiaiooaaiiy
oa?i?io, i?noey, aeaeo, /ano caeiaoooy ina?oe); 7) ?icoe?aiiy
iiaeeeainoae aeey iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a aacieaoii caeiaoaaoe
i?neyaeeieiiio ina?oo ca iio?aaith; 8) caaacia/aiiy naiaiaee aeai?o
oao?aoeyi o ?oi?e i?neyaeeieiii?e ina?o?.

?icoi?iiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ye nenoaie
a?aee?eoi? ? iae?i?eii? ia?aaeaa/a? iiaa noaaeaiiy aei iniaenoino?
iaaeaaiaa, ui noa? iniiaith oe??? nenoaie. Iaiiaoi?i?noue iniaenoino?
iinoa? iaeii/anii ye iino?eiee aeoie noeo?eiino?, iaaii?yaeeiaaiino? ?
ye aeoie ?icaeoeo. Naiaiaea aeai?o, yea ? iaiao?aeiei ao?eaooii eiaeii?
a?aee?eoi? nenoaie, ia o?eueee aeicaiey? iaeiiai?oa aaeiaieueiyoe
ina?oi? iio?aae iaaeaaia?a o i?ioean? iaa/aiiy, a e noa? caniaii
eiino?othaaiiy naii? nenoaie, aeo?aeiei i?eioeeiii ?? aoiai?caoe??. A
oiiaao naiaiaee aeai?o ye?nii ci?iththoueny ? ci?no, ? i?aai?caoe?y
ae?yeueiino? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeeaae??a. ?aae?caoe?y i?eioeeio
naiaiaee aeai?o o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? ni?ey? i?aeaeuaiith eiai
aoaeoeaiino?, aeiiiiaaa? ae??ooaaoe i?iaeaio a?ae/oaeaiiy neooa/a a?ae
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, ine?eueee: 1) i?ciaiiy oa iaa/aiiy cia/ii
aeoea?cothoueny, ai coiiaeai? a?eueiei aeai?ii neooa/a; 2) aeeeaaeaiiy
iaaoaa? iaiao?aeii? aa??aoeaiino? oa aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino?; 3) ia’?eo
iaa/aiiy – neooa/ noa? ?oo?eiith neeith iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano; 4)
no?oeoo?a i?ioeano iaa/aiiy noa? iia?euei?oith, ci?ith?oueny
a?aeiia?aeii ia?aiiai aa??aioa; 5) iaoiaee iaa/aiiy cia/ii
caaaa/othoueny caaaeyee ii?aeiaiith c naiiina?oith, naiiaeoiaaiiyi oa
naii?icaeoeii; 6) naiaiaea aeai?o oa?aeoa?eco? aca?iica’ycie oa
aca?iiae?th eiiiiiaio?a iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.

Iiaoaeiaa i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ia iniia? i?eioeeio naiaiaee aeai?o
ia?aaeaa/a? aecia/aiiy iniaeno?nii-ineoieia?/ieo iaoai?ci?a, ye?
coiiaeththoue aea?? neooa/?a. Ae?y oeeo iaoai?ci?a a?oioo?oueny ia
?aaeueieo ina?oi?o iio?aaao iaaeaaia?a (i?aaiaoe/ieo, iio?aaao ?icaeoeo
oa iio?aaao aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?). Aecia/aiiy, a?aooaaiiy oa noeioethaaiiy
ina?oi?o iio?aa iaaeaaia?a o i?ioean? ?oiuei? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iia’ycaia c a?aeiia?aeiith i?aai?caoe??th naii? nenoaie. I?aai?caoe?y
ae?yeueiino? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a a oiiaao naiaiaee
aeai?o ia? aooe ni?yiiaaia ia noai?aiiy i?iiiceoe?? aeey aeai?o, oiaoi
oiia, ui caaacia/aoue aea?? (aa??aio?a iaa/aeueieo ieai?a, i?ia?ai,
i?ae?o/iee?a, aeae?a, cania?a, oi?i iaa/aiiy oiui).

Naiaiaeo aeai?o ye i?aai ethaeeie ?aae?cothoue ia o?eueee a nenoai?
ina?oe, aiia eaaeeoue a iniia? iiaiai ina?oiueiai yaeua – noa?e ina?oi?o
iineoa. Aeieeiaiiy noa?e ina?oi?o iineoa caeiiii??ia, ine?eueee ? ua
iaeiei aeyaii aoiai?caoe?? ina?oe. ? oi/a iciaee oe??? noa?e i?eioeeiiai
a?aei?ii? a?ae iciae nenoaie ina?oe ? na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui oea yaeua
??ci?, aea ia aioaaii?noe/i?, ?oiy ie?aeia ni?ai?aoey, iniaeeai o
i?aeaeuaii? eaae?o?eaoe??, caeiaooo? aeiaeaoeiai? ina?oe oa ?i.,
iiaeeeaa e ei?enia. ?acii c oei noa?a ina?oi?o iineoa aeey Oe?a?ie –
yaeua iiaa, iaeiciaeiia e iio?aao? aeaeueoiai aea/aiiy.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Aeeiai?/i?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ?
i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy a ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a”
?ic?iaeaii oa iaa?oioiaaii iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oai??? ci?noo
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeeaae??a, aeeeaaeaii iniaeeaino? canoinoaaiiy
nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo o eiai no?oeoo?oaaii?, aeiaaaeaii aeeiai?/iee
oa?aeoa? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy oao?aoe?a.

Ci?no i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a yaey? niaith ci?no
o?e?aeeiiai oe?e?niiai i?ioeano caaaeueiieoeueoo?iiai
(caaaeueiiina?oiueiai), oaoiai-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiai oa ooieoe?iiaeueiiai
?icaeoeo ? caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa. No?oeoo?o ci?noo
?icaeyiooi a?aeiia?aeii iniaeno?ni?e i???ioaoe?? no/anii?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa no?oeoo?e iniaenoino?. A oaeiio ?aeo?n?
no?oeoo?a ci?noo ? neeaaeiei nenoaiiei ooai?aiiyi, eiaeiee c o?ueio
iane??cieo eiiiiiaio?a yeiai ai?uo? canai?iiy oa iaaoooy iniaeno?noth
aeina?aeo a iaeoe?oiio ?icoi?ii?; iaaoooy oa caaaa/aiiy oeiieia?/ieo
aeanoeainoae iniaenoino?; ?icaeoie oa aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?ci?a ineo?ee
iaaeaaiaa.

I?aai?/ieie neeaaeiaeie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ? oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia
iaa/aiiy. Oai?aoe/ia iaa/aiiy a ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aeeiio?
ooieoe??: i???ioe?a a ?ioi?iaoe?eiiio iioioe?; ?icaeoeo ieneaiiy
iaaeaaiaa; oi?ioaaiiy oa caaaa/aiiy iiiyo?eiiai aia?aoo oao?aoey;
noai?aiiy iniiae aeey inieneaiiy oa aiae?co iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo;
i?iaiinoe/io; iniiae aeey i?eeiyooy ??oaiue; caeiaoooy ? ae?iaeaiiy
iiaiai ciaiiy. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, no?oeoo?a ci?noo oai?aoe/iiai
iaa/aiiy aeaoa?i?iiaaia: oe?eyie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe;
aoiai?oa?ecaoe??th ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe; no?oeoo?ith ia’?eoa
ae?yeueiino?; ??aiai eaae?o?eaoe?? iaaeaaia?a; no?oeoo?ith ia’?eoa
aea/aiiy.

I?aeoe/ia iaa/aiiy, ca?aeii eiai noo?, aeeiio? ooieoe??: ?icaeoeo
i?aeoe/iiai ieneaiiy iaaeaaiaa; oaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?ci?a ineo?ee
oao?aoey; ?icaeoeo i?ioan?eieo yeinoae iaaeaaiaa; iaaeaiiy iaiao?aeieo
oi?iue oa iaae/ie aeey cae?eniaiiy i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?; ni?eyiiy
iaaoooth oao?aoeai iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo; noeioethaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aoeaen??. No?oeoo?a ci?noo i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy
aeaoa?i?iiaaia no?oeoo?ith i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? oa oa?aeoa?ii
ni?eeoaaiiy a i?ioean? oe??? ae?yeueiino?. Aeaoa?i?iaioe no?oeoo?e
ci?noo oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy aca?iiiia’ycai?,
aca?iiiaoiiaeai?, aiie aieeaathoue ia no?oeoo?o ci?noo iaa/aiiy
aaciina?aaeiuei oa iiina?aaeeiaaii, iaeia e??cue iaeio. Oea iiynith?
i?aai?/io i?e?iaeo ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe a oe?eiio.

Iaaeaaia?/iee aeina?ae o ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iin?aea? iniaeeaa
iieiaeaiiy, ui iiynith?oueny o?ueiia ieiueiaie eiai ?nioaaiiy: ye
ia’?eoa aea/aiiy, ye i?aaeiaoa aea/aiiy, ye i?aaeiaoa iaaoooy. O?e
ieiueie ?nioaaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo, aca?iiia?aoeiath/enue ?
aca?iiia?aie?oath/enue, aoiaeyoue aei ci?noo oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai
iaa/aiiy, ui aecia/a? oaiiiaiaeueia iieiaeaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo
a ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. Aca?iica’ycie aeaoa?i?iaio
no?oeoo?e ci?noo oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy oa oaiiiaiaeueia
iieiaeaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo i?eaiaeyoue aei ?icoi?iiy
iniaeeainoae ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy a
ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. Oea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ia? ia noaoe/iee, ye
ia?aaaaeii aaaaeaeiny ca o?aaeeoe?eieo i?aeoiae?a aei i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe, a aeeiai?/iee oa?aeoa?.

Aeeiai?/i?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy
a?aeia?aaea? caeaaei?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy a?ae noaio oai?aoe/iiai ?
i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy oa ?oi?o ci?i. Noai oai?aoe/iiai aai i?aeoe/iiai
iaa/aiiy aecia/a?oueny oaeeie ia?aiao?aie: ianyaii ci?noo, ye?noth
ci?noo, no?oeoo?ith ci?noo, i?aai?caoe?eieie oi?iaie oa iaoiaeaie
iaa/aiiy. Ci?ia ia?aiao??a, ye i?aaeei, i?eaiaeeoue aei ci?ie noaio, a
ioaea, aei ii?ooaiiy ?nioth/iai aaeaino ? oei naiei aei ci?ie
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy a ci?no?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. I?e/eiaie, ye? iaoiiaeththoue ci?ie
ia?aiao??a ? a?aeiia?aeii aeeiai?/i?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ?
i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy, ?: iaoa iaa/aiiy, ci?no iaa/aiiy, ina?oi? iio?aae
iniaenoino?, ci?no i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? oao?aoey, iaaeaaia?/iee
aeina?ae, ??aaiue eaae?o?eaoe?? oa ??aaiue ?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?/ii?
?aoeaen??. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai aeeiai?/i?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye can?a
naiii?aai?caoe?? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, oeyo aeinyaiaiiy
aeineiiae?oiai uaaeth i?aai?caoe??.

Icia/aiee oaeo aea? i?aenoaae noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui aeeiai?/i?noue
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy a ci?no? no/anii?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a yaey? niaith oaiaeaioe?th
i?ia?aneaiiai ?icaeoeo an??? nenoaie.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “I?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a” aeine?aeaeaii i?iaeaie
?ioi?iaoe?eiiai caaacia/aiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe eaae??a,
aeyaeaii oa iaa?oioiaaii oaiaeaioe?th i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. Nenoaia
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a, ye ? aoaeue-yea ?ioa
a?aee?eoa nioe?aeueia nenoaia, iiaea ?icaeaaoeny o?eueee o iino?eiiio
iai?i? ?ioi?iaoe??th ?c ciai?oi?i na?aaeiaeuai. Ia?a?iaea oa ?ioaa?aoe?y
??cii? ?ioi?iaoe?? i?ecaiaeeoue aei iiaeo oi?i i?aai?caoe?? oa
aii?yaeeoaaiiy oe??? nenoaie, a a?aenooi?noue ? iaiiaiioa ?ioi?iaoe??,
yeo aeei?enoiaothoue, i?ecaiaeeoue aei caaeaae? nenoaie.

Ia’?eoeaiith ioe?ieith oe?iiino? ?ioi?iaoe?? iiaea aooe ci?ia
eiia??iino? aeinyaiaiiy iaoe i?ney iaea?aeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??. Aea a
i?e?iae? ?nio? aeaa ye?nii ??ci? oeie ?ioi?iaoe??: ?ioi?iaoe?y a?eueia
oa ?ioi?iaoe?y ca’ycaia. Ina?oo oa iaa/aiiy iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ? ye
a?eueio ?ioi?iaoe?th, ui iaaeoiaeeoue ?c ciai?oiueiai na?oo, ? ye can?a
ia?aaaaeaiiy a?eueii? ?ioi?iaoe?? o ca’ycaio ?ioi?iaoe?th, yea
oa?aeoa?eco? aioo??oith oii?yaeeiaai?noue, noa’?eoeaia iaaoooy
iniaenoino?. Naia oiio ?ioi?iaoe?eia caaacia/aiiy ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a iaaecae/aeii aaaeeeaa ? iia’ycaia c ae??oaiiyi iecee
ieoaiue: iiaecie ?ioi?iaoe??; nai?/aniino? ?ioi?iaoe??; ianyao
?ioi?iaoe??, iio??aii? oao?aoeaa?; yeino? ?ioi?iaoe??; aoaeoeaiino?
canai?iiy oao?aoeai iaiao?aeii? ?ioi?iaoe??.

Nenoaia i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ? iaeii/anii niiaeeaa/ai,
ei?enooaa/ai, aeoioeyoi?ii, ae?iaieeii ? aeaea?aeii ?ioi?iaoe??, aea
ine?eueee ?ioi?iaoe?y a?aecia/a?oueny oaeaeeei canoa??aaiiyi, iino?eiei
iiiaeaiiyi oa ?icoe?aiiyi, oi aeey ii?iaeueiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy
ina?oiuei? nenoaie noathoue aaaiieie i?iaeaie aeia?aaeaeoaaeueii?
?ioi?iaoe?? – ia?aaeaa/aiiy. Ae?yeuei?noue iaaeaaiaa o?nii iia’ycaia c
iaaeaaia?/iei ia?aaeaa/aiiyi oa i?iaiicoaaiiyi, oiio ia?aae nenoaiith
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a iinoathoue aea? aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie:
ia?oa – iaiao?aei?noue aeia?aaeaeoaaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o ci?noo
i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy oao?aoe?a; ae?oaa – iaiao?aei?noue i?aeaioiaee
iaaeaaia?a o aaeoc? iaaeaaia?/iiai ia?aaeaa/aiiy oa i?iaiicoaaiiy.

Ae??oaiiy ia?oi? i?iaeaie iiaeeeaa ia iniia? i?iaiinoe/iiai ni?yioaaiiy
on?o neeaaeiaeo iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano oa aeei?enoaiiy o ci?no? ina?oe
i?iaiicieo ?ic?iaeaiue ??cieo aaeocae ciaiue. Ae??oaiiy ae?oai? i?iaeaie
iiaeeeaa ca oiiae ni?yioaaiiy ae?yeueiino? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe ia: iaaeaiiy iaaeaaiaai iaiao?aeieo ciaiue, cie?aia a aaeoc?
ia?aaeaa/aiiy oa i?iaiicoaaiiy; ?icaeoie oa noeioethaaiiy ?ioo?oe??
iaaeaaia?a; ?icaeoie iae?i?eiiai ieneaiiy; ?icaeoie oa i?aeo?eiea o
iaaeaaia?a ?ii?ia?caoe?eii? aioiaiino?; ni?eyiiy iaaoooth oao?aoeyie
iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo; oi?ioaaiiy oa ?icaeoie o iaaeaaia?a
niaoeeo?/ieo i?iaiinoe/ieo cae?aiinoae oa ai?iue.

Nooo?aee aieea ia ?icaeoie oa caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa
ia? ia any ?ioi?iaoe?y, yea iaaeoiaeeoue, caa??aa?oueny,
ii?aoeueiao?oueny, ae?iaey?oueny oa ia?aaea?oueny nenoaiith
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, a eeoa oa, yea ia? iciaee ci?noiaii?
?ioi?iaoe??. Aei oeeo iciae iaeaaeaoue: aeinooii?noue aeey inieneaiiai
ni?eeiyooy, caeaoi?noue aei ia?aoai?thaaeueiiai aieeao, i?eaeaoi?noue
aei i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoiaoaaiiy. Nooi?noue i?ioeano ?icaeoeo oa
caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa o i?ino?oiio, iniiaiiio
a?aeiioaii? ? aca?iiae??th oaeeo eiiiiiaio?a: aeaea?aea ci?noiaii?
?ioi?iaoe??, iin?y ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe??, ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? oa
aae?anaoa. Ci?noiaia ?ioi?iaoe?y iiina?aaeeiao? i?yiee oa cai?ioi?e
ca’ycee eiiiiiaio?a, ui aecia/a? ae?yeuei?nii-i?ioeanoaeueio no?oeoo?o
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. ?icaeoie oa caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e
iaaeaaiaa caeaaeaoue a?ae ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe??, yea cacia? iino?eieo
ci?i (canoa??aa?, iiiaeth?oueny, iiaeeaeth?oueny oiui). A?aoiaoaaoe oe?
ci?ie iiaeeeai oeyoii ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. ?ioi?iaoe?eia iane/ai?noue yaey? niaith ye?nio
oa?aeoa?enoeeo ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ? ae?aaeaia o
iaaiiio ni?aa?aeiioaii? a iueiio ?ioi?iaoe?? oa ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? c
iaaeeeoeii inoaiiuei?. Oea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy – iaia’yceiaa oiiaa
iane/aiino?, aea eiioeaio?aoe?y ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? iiaea
ci?ithaaoeny.

?ioi?iaoe?eia iane/ai?noue ?nio? a o?ueio ??aiyo eiie?aoecaoe??, ye?
oa?aeoa?ecothoue ci?no i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a c ??cieo aie?a.
Ia?oee ??aaiue oa?aeoa?eco? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy a ci?no? ina?oe ?ioi?iaoe??
oa ?ioeo neeaaeiaeo ci?noo. Ae?oaee ??aaiue ?ice?eaa? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
??cieo aeae?a ?ioi?iaoe?? a ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, cie?aia
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? oa ?ioi?iaoe??, ui ia ia? iciae
ci?noiaii?. O?ao?e ??aaiue oa?aeoa?eco? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ci?noiaii?
?ioi?iaoe?? oa ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? o noa’?eoeai?e ioe?ioe? aae?anaoa.

Iayai?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy c iaaiei iaaeeeoeii, iine?aeiaii ia o?ueio
??aiyo eiie?aoecaoe?? – ?ioi?iaoe??, ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? oa
ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? a noa’?eoeai?e ioe?ioe? na?ae/eoue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?eio iane/ai?noue ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.
Ii?ooaiiy icia/aii? ??aiiaaae aai ?? a?aenooi?noue – i?i ?ioi?iaoe?eio
iaaeinoaoi?noue ci?noo. I?e ?ioi?iaoe?ei?e iane/aiino? eiioeaio?aoe?y
ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? ia? oaiaeaioe?th aei ca?eueoaiiy, ui i?ecaiaeeoue
aei i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, a?aeiia?aeiino? ??
ci?noo noni?eueiei oa iniaenoei iio?aaai oao?aoe?a, caaacia/o?
iaiao?aeia aeia?aaeaeoaaiiy.

I?i ?ioi?iaoe?eio iane/ai?noue ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
na?ae/aoue oae? iciaee: oai?aoe/ia, iaoiaeieia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ci?noo
ina?oe; a?aeia?aaeaiiy a ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iiaeo iaoeiaeo
?aeae, ?iiiaaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e, iaaeaaia?/ieo aeinyaiaiue oa ?i.;
aaeaioiaai?noue ci?noo ina?oe aei eiie?aoieo oiia aeeooy ? i?aoe?
iaaeaaia?a, ?oi?o ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo iiaeeeainoae ? iio?aa;
aiae?oe/i?noue ci?noo ina?oe. Iciaee ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ii noo?
? ia?niaeoeaieie oeyoaie ?icaeoeo oa aaeineiiaeaiiy ci?noo
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, eiai ye?niith oa?aeoa?enoeeith.
I?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
yaey? niaith oiiao, no?eeo oaiaeaioe?th ?icaeoeo no/anii? nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, ui caaacia/o? ?? a?aeiia?aei?noue
?nioth/ei iio?aaai noni?euenoaa oa iniaenoino?, iaeo?ae?co? iaaio
?ia?oi?noue nenoaie ? caaaea? ?e iaiao?aeiiai aeia?aaeaeaiiy.

I’yoee ?icae?e – “Aiae?iaia?caoe?y iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a nenoai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a”. Niaoeeo?ea iaaeaaia?/ii?
ae?yeueiino? iaoiiaeth? ?? oai?/ee oa?aeoa?, yeee ia’?eoeaii iia’ycaiee
c ?icaeoeii oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo oao?aoe?a o nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe. Oai?/ee iioaioe?ae yaey? niaith neeaaeiao noeoiii? eoeueoo?e
iaaeaaiaa, ui ai?uo? iayai? oa iioaioe?ei? iiaeeeaino? iniaenoino? aei
noai?aiiy /iainue iiaiai aai ia?aoai?aiiy i?ciaii? ae?eniino?.

Oai?/ee iioaioe?ae iaaeaaiaa ?icaeaa?oueny, caaaa/o?oueny i?ioyaii
onueiai aeeooy, oiio yaey? iniaeeaee ?ioa?an aeey nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. Ine?eueee oai?/a iaaeaaia?/ia ae?yeuei?noue ?
nai???aeiei ii?aeiaiiyi ii?iaoeaiiai oa noeo?eiiai, iiooeiaiai, oi a
i?ioean? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe
ii?iaoeaii-aa?enoe/i? iieacieee oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? iaaeaaiaa ? nooi
aa?enoe/i? iieacieee, ye? a?aeaeaathoue iniaeno?niee oa?aeoa? oai?/ino?
iaaeaaiaa.

Aoaeoeai?noue ae?yeueiino? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe c ?icaeoeo
oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo iaaeaaiaa o i?ioean? i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy
iia’ycaia c? noai?aiiyi o?ueio a?oi oiia. Ia?oa a?oia – oiiae caaaeuei?,
ui noinothoueny nenoaie ina?oe acaaae?, aea?aeaaii? ina?oiuei? iie?oeee,
on?o caoe?eaaeaieo in?a ? iia’ycai? c i?aeaeuaiiyi i?anoeaeo
iaaeaaia?/ii? i?aoe?, iie?ioaiiyi iaoa??aeueiiai noaiiaeua iaaeaaia?a oa
iaa/aeueieo onoaiia, iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iei oa iaoiaee/iei caaacia/aiiyi
iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino? oiui. Ae?oaa a?oia – oiiae
i?aai?caoe?eii-ci?noiai?, ye? noinothoueny ye?nii? ni?yiiaaiino? ci?noo
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ia ?icaeoie oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo iniaenoino?.
O?aoy a?oia – oiiae i?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i?, ye? noinothoueny
oaoiieia?e cae?eniaiiy i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy, ?o iioei?caoe??
noiniaii ?icaeoeo oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo oao?aoe?a. Aecia/ai? oiiae
aoaeoeaiino? ae?yeueiino? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aeey ?icaeoeo
oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a iiaeooue aooe noai?ai?
iiaiith i??ith i?ae /an aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.

?icaeoie oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo iaaeaaiaa iaieneeiee aac eiai naiiina?oe.
Niaoeeo?ea i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iieyaa? o oiio, ui ina?oi?e i?ioean
cae?enith?oueny a eie? naiiina?oe. Oaea iniaeeaa iieiaeaiiy naiiina?oe o
nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe coiiaeaia ia’?eoeaieie /eiieeaie:
i?enei?aiiyi oaii?a iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano; c?inoaiiyi ianyao oa
oaeaeeei canoa??aaiiyi ?ioi?iaoe??; i?ieea?noth aeiia aei iaaeaaia?/ii?
i?aoe?, eii’thieoo?ith ?eieo i?aoe?; aaciaaei?noth i?ioan?eiiai oa
iniaeno?niiai aaeineiiaeaiiy; a?aenooi?noth
i?aai?caoe?eii-?inoeoooe?iiaeueii? iiiiiie?? o iaaeaii? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaiaai; iaiao?aei?noth ?icaeoeo oa caaaa/aiiy caaaeueii?
eoeueoo?e iaaeaaia?a.

Ie ?icaeyaea?ii naiiina?oo iaaeaaia?a c aieo ?? aaaaoicia/iino? aeey
nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, ye iniiao, i?ae??oioy inoaiiuei?,
iaiao?aeio oiiao ?? aoaeoeaiino?, niieo/io eaieo on?o i?aenenoai, ui
caaacia/othoue aacia?a?ai?noue ina?oe, oa ye ie?aio i?aenenoaio nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.

Aeeeth/ia cia/aiiy oa ?ieue naiiina?oe o nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a iaeiiai?oa iiaea aooe ?aae?ciaaii i?e ni?yioaaii?
ae?yeueiino? nenoaie ia: noeioethaaiiy iioeaaoe?? naiiina?oe iaaeaaia?a;
oi?ioaaiiy, ?icaeoie oa caaaa/aiiy ai?iue oa iaae/ie oao?aoe?a,
iaiao?aeieo aeey naiiina?oe; iaaeaiiy aeiiiiiae oa i?aeo?eieo iaaeaaiaai
o cae?eniaii? naiiina?oiuei? ae?yeueiino?.

?icaeoie oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo iaaeaaiaa oa eiai naiiina?oa ia’?eoeaii
iia’ycai? c ?icaeoeii noa’?eoeaii? noa?e iniaenoino? oao?aoey.
I???iooaaiiy ia ?icaeoie noa’?eoeaii? noa?e iniaenoino? i?eoaiaiia
aiae?iaia?/i?e ia?aaeeai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. Iiaoaeiaa i?aeoe/ii?
ae?yeueiino? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ia iniia? aeaii?
ia?aaeeaie iia’ycaia c iiaeieaiiyi ?nioth/iai i?ioe??//y i?ae
iaoe?eai?noth nenoaie ina?oe ia aeeiiaiiy nioe?aeueiiai caiiaeaiiy, c
iaeiiai aieo, oa iaiao?aei?noth ?icaeoeo noa’?eoeaii? noa?e iniaenoino?
oao?aoey, ui aeeeth/a? i?ia?aiiaai?noue, noaiaea?oecaoe?th, c ae?oaiai.
Iaeaeioe?euei?oei ianueiaiaei? oeyoii iiaeieaiiy icia/aiiai i?ioe??//y ?
aiae?iaia?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?a. Nooi?noue ??
iieyaa? o ia?aianaii? i??i?eoao?a c iaaeaiiy iaaii? noie ciaiue,
oi?ioaaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie, a?aeiia?aeieo ?nioth/ei i?ioan?eiei
noaiaea?oai, ia aeoea?caoe?th oa ?icaeoie a i?ioean? iaa/aiiy (oiaoi ca
aeiiiiiaith ciaiue, oi?iue oa iaae/ie) nenoaie iniaeno?nieo ooieoe?e
oao?aoey.

Nenoaia iniaeno?nieo ooieoe?e oao?aoey aecia/a? eiie?aoiiai ?iaeea?aea
ye noa’?eoa a?aeiinei na?aeiii? ae?yeueiino? oa iaeii/anii ? no?eeith
nenoaiith nioe?aeueii cia/oueo ?en, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue eiai ye /eaia
noni?euenoaa, ethaenueei? ni?eueiioe.

A i?ioean? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iniaeno?ni? ooieoe?? noa’?eoa ina?oe
a?ae?a?athoue iaaecae/aeii aaaeeeao ?ieue. Aiie ? caniaii i?ciaiiy,
iioeaothoue ? ni?yiiaothoue i?ciaaaeueio ae?yeuei?noue, a i?ciaiiy, o
naith /a?ao, ? caniaii ?icaeoeo iniaeno?nieo ooieoe?e ye iaia’yceiaeo
o/aniee?a iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano. Aei nenoaie iniaeno?nieo ooieoe?e ie
a?aeianee: na?oiaeyaeii-iioeaaoe?eio, aiae?oeei-?aoeaeneaio,
aea??eiai-?ioaa?aoeaio, oai?/i-ia?aoai?thaaeueio, ooieoe?th
aaoiiiiiino?. Aeoea?caoe?y oa ?icaeoie iniaeno?nieo ooieoe?e oao?aoey o
i?ioean? i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy iiaeeea?, yeui eiai ci?no, oi?ie oa
iaoiaee caeaoi? i?iieeiooe o noa’?eoeaio noa?o iniaenoino?. Oaea
i?iieeiaiiy caaacia/o?oueny i?iaeaii?noth, neooaoeai?noth,
ae?aeia?/i?noth ci?noo, oi?i oa iaoiae?a iaa/aiiy. I?e/iio
i?iaeaii?noue, neooaoeai?noue ? ae?aeia?/i?noue ie ?icaeyaea?ii ye
oa?aeoa?enoeee aiae?iaia?caoe?? ci?noo iaa/aiiy ? oaoiieia?e eiai
ao?eaiiy.

Iien ae?eniino? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa iien aiae?iaia?/iiai iaa/aiiy
ia ??ai? yaeua aeicaieeee iai noi?ioethaaoe ia oe?e iniia? aiae?iaia?/io
iiaeaeue, ui yaey? niaith o aano?aaiaaiiio a?ae yaeua aeaeyae? nooi?noue
aiae?iaia?/iiai iaa/aiiy. O e?ioeaaiio ?acoeueoao? aaaaoiiai?oi?noue
aii??e/ieo aeaieo aoee caaaeai? aei ?o oai?aoe/ii? ?aeiino?. Oaeei
/eiii, ie iiaoaeoaaee ocaaaeueiaio aiae?iaia?/io iiaeaeue, yea ?ice?eaa?
no?oeoo?o oai??? iaa/aiiy aei?ineeo oa no?oeoo?o i?ioeano
aiae?iaia?/iiai iaa/aiiy a nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.

?icaeyioo? i?iaeaie aiae?iaia?/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a oa aeina?ae i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? nenoaie na?ae/aoue i?i
oa, ui ?? i?ia?aneaiee ?icaeoie ia’?eoeaii iia’ycaiee c aeaeueoith
?ic?iaeith aiae?iaia?/ii? ia?aaeeaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ? ao?eaiiyi
?? o iaa/aeueiee i?ioean. A oea aeicaiey? ?icaeyaeaoe aiae?iaia?caoe?th
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ye
oaiaeaioe?th ?? ?icaeoeo.

Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui oaiaeaioe?y aiae?iaia?caoe?? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy a
nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe o iaaiiio ?icoi?ii? ? aeaeiaei iiiyooyi
noiniaii ?iaeiaiai iiiyooy, yeei ? aoiai?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a, ine?eueee a ?? oeaio?? ia?aaoaa? iniaeno?noue, ethaeeia. Aea
?ioaineai?noue i?iyao oaiaeaioe?? aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aiiy, ??
aacoiiaia aeooaeuei?noue aeey nueiaiaeaiiy ? iaeaooiueiai
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, i/aaeaei?noue ?? aeeaeaeoe/iiai ni?yioaaiiy ?
niaoeeo?ea ia’?eoa aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoiiaeththoue iiaeeea?noue oa
iaiao?aei?noue ?? ?icaeyaeo ye naiino?eii? oaiaeaioe??, c aeciaiiyi
aeiaaeueiino? cia/aiiy oaiaeaioe?? aoiai?caoe?? noiniaii on?o
oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe cie?aia ?
oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo ina?oe acaaae?.

Oinoee ?icae?e – “Eiioeaiooaeueia iiaeaeue ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a”. Aecia/ai? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo
nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ? oe?e?niei iae?i?eiei
nenoaiiei ooai?aiiyi. I?iaaaeaia ia iniia? neia?aaoe/ieo i?aeoiae?a
nenoaiia aea/aiiy oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
aeaei ciiao aecia/eoe ???a?o?th ?o oa anoaiiaeoe noai?aeeiaoe?ei?
ca’ycee, aiane?aeie /iai noaei i/aaeaeiei, ui aeiaaeueiei iai?yiii
(oaiaeaioe??th) naii?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ?
aoiai?caoe?y. Eiie?aoecaoe??th, ao?eaiiyi aoiai?caoe?? o i?neyaeeieiiio
ina?oo iaaeaaia?a ? aiae?iaia?caoe?y iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, ui a
?acoeueoao? eieae?caoe?? iai?iieo i?ioean?a (aeieeiaiiy ? ?icn?thaaiiy
iaiaeii??aeiinoae) iaaoaa? aeanoeainoae a?aeiinii noaa?eueii?
no?oeoo?e-ao?aeoi?a o ianoaa?eueiiio na?aaeiaeu? nenoaie oaiaeaioe?e
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ? i?eaiaeeoue aei aeuiai ??aiy
aoiai?caoe?? nenoaie. E??cue aiae?iaia?caoe?th i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy
ia no?aoaa?/iee iai?yi ?icaeoeo – aoiai?caoe?th i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
ni?yiiaai? aeeiai?/i?noue oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy oa
i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a.

Ia iniia? canoinoaaiiy neia?aaoe/ieo i?eioeei?a: aeeneiaoe??, cai?oaiiy
neeaaeiiai, ia??aiii??iino? oa iai/?eoaaiino? ia?aa?ao i?ioean?a, aieeao
iaeeo oeoeooaoe?e ia iae?inoai nenoaie, ?aciiainiiai caoaeaeaiiy oa ?i.
aoei noai?aii eiioeaiooaeueio iiaeaeue ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. Iniiaiei iaoai?ciii ae??
eiioeaiooaeueii? iiaeae? ? ia?ao?ae aiae?iaia?/ieo i?eioeei?a ca oiiae
i?iaeaiii-neooaoeaii-ae?aeia?/ii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aiiy o oaiaeaioe?th
?icaeoeo nenoaie – aiae?iaia?caoe?th iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.

Cia/ou?noue oa aeeoo?caeaoi?noue aecia/aieo oaiaeaioe?e ? noai?aii?
eiioeaiooaeueii? iiaeae? ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
aoee aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??ai? oeyoii aenia?oieo ioe?iie. Aei neeaaeo
aenia?o?a oa?eoee iaoiaee/i? i?aoe?aieee (63 iniae) ?aeiiii? oa iaeanii?
eaiie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. ?acoeueoaoe aenia?oece
aiae?coaaee ca aeiiiiiaith iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/ieo iaoiae?a, cie?aia
iiiaeeiiiai oa ia?iiai ii??aiyiiy (aeaiaeeee eiao?oe??ioe ei?aeyoe??
Ni??iaia, Eaiaeaea, iiiaeeiii? ei?aeyoe?? oa eiao?oe??io eiiei?aeaoe??).
Aeai? aiae?co ?acoeueoao?a aenia?oieo ioe?iie cana?ae/eee, ui aecia/ai?
oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a cia/ou?,
a ?ic?iaeaia eiioeaiooaeueia iiaeaeue ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aeeoo?caeaoia;
aeoiee aenia?o?a noiniaii icia/aieo ieoaiue aoee ocaiaeaeaieie; ?nio?
iaaia ?ica?aei?noue i?ae aeoieaie aenia?o?a ?aeiiii? oa iaeanii? eaiie
iaoiaee/ii? ?iaioe, ui iiynith?oueny niaoeeo?eith i?iaeai, ye?
?ica’ycothoue ia ?aeiiiiio ? iaeaniiio ??aiyo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a, ? a oe?eiio i?aeoaa?aeeee iiia?aaei? i?eiouaiiy.

Aeey iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/ii? ia?iaee aeaieo, iaea?aeaieo a ?acoeueoao?
aenia?oieo ioe?iie, aoei ?ic?iaeaii oa ai?iaiaaii niaoe?aeueio i?ia?aio
“Iaoiaeeno”, yeo iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?ae /an ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a
?ioeo iiae?aieo aenia?oec ?c caeo/aiiyi oaei? eaoaai??? aenia?o?a.

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a ia ni?iuai?e iiaeae?, eiai oai?aoeei-eia?/ia aeiaaaeaiiy o
ii?aeiaii? c ?acoeueoaoaie aenia?oieo ioe?iie aeaei iiaeeea?noue
aecia/eoe ia?niaeoeai? iai?yie ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a a Oe?a?i?.

Ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo nenoaie ii noo? ? oeyoaie iiaeieaiiy iniiaieo
noia?a/iinoae i?ae aeiiaaie uiaei caaeiaieaiiy noni?eueieo iio?aa o
aenieieaae?o?eiaaieo, eiieo?aioiini?iiiaeieo oao?aoeyo oa ?ioa?anaie,
iio?aaaie eiie?aoiiai ?iaeea?aea; i?ae c?inoath/eie oaiiaie canoa??aaiiy
ina?oe, ?ioi?iaoe?? (ciaiue) ? oaiiaie iiiaeaiiy oa iiiiaiaiiy ?o; i?ae
iiaeeaeaiiyi oa ?icoe?aiiyi ethaenueeiai aeina?aeo (a oe?ieiio
?icoi?ii?) oa i?e?iaeiith iaiaaeai?noth iiaeeeainoae ethaeeie a
iiaioaaii? iei; i?ae aocueeii?ioan?eiith caieiai?noth i?ioan?eii?
ae?yeueiino? oao?aoey oa anaa?/iei aa?iii?eiei ?icaeoeii iniaenoino?. Ia
iniia? eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei ae??oaiiy i?iaeai i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a aecia/aii ia?niaeoeai? iai?yie ?? ?icaeoeo, ui
ie?aneththoue ia??e iiaeeeaiai aieeao ia naii?icaeoie nenoaie, oiaoi
ia??e iiaeeeaiai ?aciiainiiai caoaeaeaiiy nenoaie, ? yaeythoue niaith
eiiieaen i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e noiniaii iioei?caoe?? ieai?a,
i?ia?ai, i?iaeo?a, ??oaiue, oi?aae?iiy acaaae?, yea cae?enith?oueny iei?
? yea caaacia/o? i?ia?aneaiee ?icaeoie nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a Oe?a?ie oa iaoiiaeth? ?? noai o iaeaooiueiio.

?icaeoie nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a o icia/aieo iai?yiao
a?aeiia?aeii neia?aaoe/iiio i?eioeeio naii?icaeoeo ianoaa?eueieo nenoai
iiaea i?eaanoe aei nooo?aeo ci?i o nenoaiao iae?i??aiy, cie?aia
ni?eyoeia aeieeiaiith aiae?iaia?/ii? nenoaie nioe?aeueii-ina?oiueiai
oa?aeoa?o, yea ioiiethaaoeia oe?e?nia noaiiaeaiiy iniaenoino? aei?inei?
ethaeeie, ?? ?aaa?e?oaoe?th, aaeaioaoe?th, nioe?ae?caoe?th oiui.

Aeniiaee

1. A no/ani?e iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? i?iaeaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
aena?oeai? o?aaiaioa?ii. Aei oeueiai /ano i?neyaeeieiiio ina?oo
iaaeaaia?a ?icaeyaeaee ia?aaaaeii ia iniia? o?aaeeoe?eieo i?aeoiae?a aei
ina?oe, caiice/aieo c iaaeaaia?ee na?aaeiuei? oa aeui? oeiee ? ia
ona?aeiiethaaee ye naiino?eio iaaeaaia?/io aeenoeeie?io.

Aeinyaoe oni?oo o caaaeaii? ie?aieo iieiaeaiue i?ae ocaaaeueithth/ith
iacaith iaaii? eiioeaioe?? ia aaeaaaeiny, ine?eueee ?nioaaei aaaaoi
oai?aoe/ieo i?iaaeei, ye? ia?aoeiaeaeaee ?? nenoaiaoe/iiio aeeeaaeaiith,
ni?aaaeiueiio eiioeaiooaeueiiio iaa?oiooaaiith ye ?aeeii? oai?aoe/ii?
nenoaie. O?eaae?noue oai?aoe/ieo i?iaaeei aoea iane?aeeii iaioaaiiy oae
caaieo aaciai-aeiaeaoeiaiai oa i?ioan?eii-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiai i?aeoiae?a
aei i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, ye? ?icaeyaeaee ?? ye ae?oai?yaeio,
aeiaeaoeiao ? i?aaethaaee iniaeno?noue oao?aoey aei ?ie? ?iai/i? neee.

?aaeuei? iiaeeeaino? ?ic?iaeaiiy naiino?eii? oai??? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a aeieeee c ia?aoiaeii Oe?a?ie ia oeyo aeaiie?ao?? oa
aoiai?cio, c ia?aianaiiyi ?ioa?an?a iniaenoino? a oeaio? oaaae iaoee,
eoeueoo?e, ina?oe, c ?icaeoeii aiae?iaia?/ii? ?aea? ye eiioeaiooaeueii?,
ui iiaea ia’?aeioaaoe an? ?ic??ciai? i?aeoiaee aei i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe oao?aoe?a o naiino?eio oai??th.

2. I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a ? neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaiith,
aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueiith, a?aee?eoith, iae?i?eiith oa ianoaa?eueiith
oe?e?niith nenoaiith. Ii noo? i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a ?
ae?oaith oacith aeaioaciaiai i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy (noaiiaeaiiy), ?icaeoeo
oa caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa, ui aecia/a? ?? i?noea o
nenoai? aacia?a?aii? ina?oe ye iaa?ae’?iio neeaaeiao /anoeio, aac yei?
aacia?a?ai?noue iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe iaiiaeeeaa.

A iaaeao iae?inenoaie – aacia?a?aii? ina?oe, i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa
iaaeaaia?a ia? a?aeiinio naiino?ei?noue, nai? oe?e?, caaaeaiiy, ?oo?ei?
neee oa caeiiii??iino? ?icaeoeo. A?aeia?aaeaiiyi caeiiii??iinoae
?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ? caaaeueiiiaoiaeieia?/i? oa
aiae?iaia?/i? i?eioeeie ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

3. I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a neeaaea?oueny c o?ueio iane??cieo
eiiiiiaio?a: caaaeueiieoeueoo?iiai (caaaeueiiina?oiueiai),
oaoiai-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiai oa ooieoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo ? caaaa/aiiy
noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa. Eiiiiiaioe nenoaie ia?aaoaathoue o o?niiio
aca?iica’yceo ? oeae aca?iica’ycie ? nenoaiinoai?thth/ei.

Ca?aeii c no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueiei ?icaeyaeii ia’?eoa aoei
eeaneo?eiaaii ooieoe?? nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe noiniaii
iniaenoino? oao?aoey ia aea? a?oie: ciai?oi? oa aioo??oi?, aecia/aii
aoaeiao nenoaie, ?? no?oeoo?o. Aei iiiaieeaoo?e aeaiaio?a no?oeoo?e
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oa?eoee: i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe??, iaea?aeaiiy
nii??aeiaii? oa iiai? iaaeaaia?/ii? niaoe?aeueiino?, iaea?aeaiiy
eaae?o?eaoe?? a?aeiia?aeii aei niaoeeo?/ii? ooieoe?iiaeueii?
ae?yeueiino?; aeiaeaoeiaa ina?oa, ani??aioo?a, aeieoi?aioo?a,
naiiina?oa.

4. Aeiaaaeaii, ui aeiaaeueiith oaiaeaioe??th naii?icaeoeo
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ye a?aee?eoi? nenoaie ? ??
aoiai?caoe?y. Aeo?aeiei i?eioeeiii aoiai?caoe?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a ? aa??aoeai?noue oa naiaiaea aeai?o, ui iiaea aooe
?aae?ciaaiei ca oiiae ?nioaaiiy i?iiiceoe??. I?iiiceoe?y a nenoai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a noai?th?oueny ia iniia? a?aooaaiiy
??cieo ina?oi?o iio?aa iaaeaaia?a, yea i?iieco? ci?noiaiee,
iniaeno?nii-ineoieia?/iee oa i?aai?caoe?eiee aniaeoe ae?yeueiino?
nenoaie ? oei naiei ? aa?aioii aeio?eiaiiy ? ?aae?caoe?? i?aa ethaeeie
ia ina?oo, naiiaecia/aiiy, naii?aae?caoe?th oa a?eueiee aiaeiaaiiee
?icaeoie iniaenoino?.

No/aniee noai nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a na?ae/eoue i?i
oa, ui a i?e i?enooi? eeoa aeaiaioe naiaiaee aeai?o, ?aaeeeaeuei? ci?ie
o oeueiio iai?yi? iaeaaeaoue iaeaooiueiio. Iaeiei c i?iya?a aoiai?caoe??
? aeieeiaiiy ? ?icaeoie iiaiai ina?oiueiai yaeua – noa?e ina?oi?o
iineoa, ui oa?a?aei aeaiaioe naiaiaee aeai?o, aea ia? aeiei??iii
a?aei?iio a?ae nenoaie ina?oe i?e?iaeo, oi/ oea ? ia caia?a/o?
iiaeeeaiai ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa c nenoaiith i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, oeyoe
yeiai iio?aaothoue aeaeueoiai aea/aiiy.

5. Ci?noii i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ? ci?no o?e?aeeiiai
oe?e?niiai i?ioeano caaaeueiieoeueoo?iiai, oaoiai-eaae?o?eaoe?eiiai oa
ooieoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo ? caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa. Ia
iniia? aiae?co i?aeoeee i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aecia/aii aeaoa?i?ioth/?
/eiieee oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?a oa oaiiiaiaeueia
iieiaeaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo a ci?no? ina?oe, ui i?eaaei aei
?icoi?iiy iniaeeainoae ca’yceo neeaaeiaeo ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.
Aeiaaaeaii, ui oe? ca’ycee iathoue aeeiai?/iee oa?aeoa? ? caeaaeaoue
a?ae noaio oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy, iaoiiaeai? iaoith
iaa/aiiy, ci?noii, ina?oi?ie iio?aaaie iaaeaaia?a, ci?noii ?o i?aeoe/ii?
ae?yeueiino?, iaaeaaia?/iei aeina?aeii, ??aiai eaae?o?eaoe?? oa ??aiai
?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?/ii? ?aoeaen??.

6. ?ioi?iaoe?y ? iaa?ae’?iiei iaaeaaiiyi nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a, aac yei? ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa aeaeueoee ?icaeoie
iaiiaeeea?. Ci?no i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe neeaaea? ??cia ?ioi?iaoe?y, yea
ii-??ciiio aieeaa? ia ?icaeoie ? caaaa/aiiy noeoiii? eoeueoo?e
iaaeaaia?a. Aeyaeaii, ui iaeaieeaia?oith o oeueiio ?icoi?ii? ? ci?noiaia
?ioi?iaoe?y. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, iaa?oioiaaii i?ino?oa ni?aa?aeiioaiiy,
ui ?ice?eaa? nooi?noue i?ioeano ?icaeoeo oa caaaa/aiiy noeoiii?
eoeueoo?e iaaeaaiaa, yea iieyaa? o aca?iiae?? /ioe?ueio eiiiiiaio?a:
aeaea?aea ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe??, iin?y ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe??,
ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? oa aae?anaoa.

Caiia?aoe ao?aoai oe?iiino? ci?noo ina?oe (canoa??aaiiy, oaeaeea
iiiaeaiiy oa iiiiaiaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??) iiaeeeai oeyoii i?iaiinoe/ii?
i???ioaoe?? oe?eae, caaaeaiue, i?ioeano iaa/aiiy, eiai ci?noo, oi?i oa
iaoiae?a ?aae?caoe??. Aeia?aaeaeoaaiiy i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iiaea
iaaoaaoe caaaeyee i?aeaeuaiith ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ?? ci?noo.

Aeiaaaeaii, ui ?ioi?iaoe?eia iane/ai?noue – oea ye?nia oa?aeoa?enoeea
ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, yei? iiaeia aeinyaoe
iaoiaeieia?/iith iaa?oioiaai?noth ci?noo ina?oe; a?aeia?aaeaiiyi o
iueiio iiaeo iaoeiaeo ?aeae, ?iiiaaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e, iaaeaaia?/ieo
aeinyaiaiue oa ?i.; aaeaioiaai?noth ci?noo aei eiie?aoieo oiia aeeooy oa
i?aoe? iaaeaaia?a, ?oi?o ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo iiaeeeainoae oa iio?aa;
aiae?oe/i?noth ci?noo ina?oe. I?e i?aeaeuaii? ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino?
ci?noo eiioeaio?aoe?y a iueiio ci?noiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? ca?eueoo?oueny, ui
i?ecaiaeeoue aei c?inoaiiy aoaeoeaiino? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
oao?aoe?a.

7. Niaoeeo?ea iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino? iaoiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue
?icaeoeo i?ae /an i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo iaaeaaia?a
oa ?oiuei? iino?eii? naiiina?oe, yea yaey? niaith aacia?a?aiee,
iniaeeaei /eiii i?aai?ciaaiee i?ioean ?icaeoeo ? caaaa/aiiy noeoiii?
eoeueoo?e iniaenoino? ia iniia? noi?iiaaieo o ia? ina?oi?o iio?aa, aea
noa’?eo ? ia’?eo ina?oe ? iaei??th iniaith. ?icaeoie oai?/iai
iioaioe?aeo iaaeaaiaa ? eiai naiiina?oa ia’?eoeaii iia’ycai? c ?icaeoeii
noa’?eoeaii? noa?e iniaenoino?, ui i?eoaiaiiee aiae?iaia?/i?e ia?aaeeai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. Nooi?noue ?? iieyaa? a ia?aianaii? i??i?eoaoo c
iaaeaiiy oao?aoeyi iaaii? noie ciaiue, oi?iue oa iaae/ie ia
aeoea?caoe?th oa ?icaeoie o i?ioean? iaa/aiiy nenoaie iniaeno?nieo
ooieoe?e, ui iiaeeeai, yeui ci?no, oi?ie oa iaoiaee iaa/aiiy caeaoi?
i?iieeiooe o noa’?eoeaio noa?o iniaenoino? caaaeyee ?o i?iaeaiiino?,
neooaoeaiino? oa ae?aeia?/iino?. A?oiooth/enue ia oeueiio, aoei noai?aii
ocaaaeueithth/o iiaeaeue aiae?iaia?/iiai iaa/aiiy oao?aoe?a ?
aeiaaaeaii, ui aiae?iaia?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy iaaoaa?
oa?aeoa?o oaiaeaioe?? i?ia?aneaiiai ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

8. Aeyaeai? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a ?
oe?e?niith nenoaiith. Ia iniia? aecia/aiiy ???a?o?? oaiaeaioe?e oa
anoaiiaeaiiy ?oi?o noai?aeeiaoe?eieo ca’yce?a iaa?oioiaaii, ui
eiie?aoecaoe??th, ao?eaiiyi aoiai?caoe?? o i?ioean i?neyaeeieiiiiai
iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?a ? eiai aiae?iaia?caoe?y. *a?ac aiae?iaia?caoe?th o
no?aoaa?/iiio iai?yi? ?icaeoeo – aoiai?caoe?th i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
ni?yiiaaii aeeiai?/i?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai
iaa/aiiy oa i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? ci?noo
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, noai?aii
eiioeaiooaeueio iiaeaeue ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a, iniiaiei iaoai?ciii ae?? yei? ? ia?ao?ae aiae?iaia?/ieo
i?eioeei?a ca oiiae i?iaeaiii-neooaoeaii-ae?aeia?/ii? i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aiiy o oaiaeaioe?th ?icaeoeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeieo i?ioean?a o iae?i?eiiio na?aaeiaeu?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ia ni?iuai?e iiaeae? a?aeiia?aeii c neia?aaoe/iei
i?eioeeiii cai?oaiiy neeaaeiiai aeaei ciiao aecia/eoe a?aeiinii no?eeo
no?oeoo?o-ao?aeoi? – aiae?iaia?caoe?th i?neyaeeieiiiiai iaa/aiiy, ia yeo
aeoiaeyoue aaiethoe?ei? i?ioeane naiino?oeoo?oaaiiy o nenoai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

Eiioeaiooaeueia cia/ou?noue oa ooieoe?iiaeueia i?eaeaoi?noue
cai?iiiiiaaii? iiaeae? aoee i?aeoaa?aeaeai? o i?ioean?
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee oeyoii aenia?oieo ioe?iie. Aeey
iaoaiaoeei-noaoenoe/ii? ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a aoei noai?aii ? canoiniaaii
niaoe?aeueio i?ia?aio “Iaoiaeeno”.

9. Aeoiaey/e c oiai, ui i?iaeaia ?icaeoeo, yeei oi?aaeythoue o
neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaieo nenoaiao, iaaoaa? oi?ie i?iaeaie naiia?yaeiiai
?icaeoeo, ia iniia? aeyaeaii? no?oeoo?e-ao?aeoi?a aoei aecia/aii
ia?niaeoeai? oeyoe ?icaeoeo nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a oa
?ic?iaeaii i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei ?icaoaeiae nenoaie
a?aeiia?aeii aei iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?? naii?icaeoeo.

10. ?icaeyae i?iaeaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ia
iaoiaeieia?/iiio, ?noi?e/iiio, iaoiaee/iiio ? i?aeoe/iiio ??aiyo
i?aeoaa?aeea a?iioaco i?i oa, ui i?ia?an nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a iiaeeeaee ca oiiae neia?aaoe/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei cae?eniaiiy
oaiaeaioe?e aoiai?caoe?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, aiae?iaia?caoe??
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, aeeiai?/iino? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ?
i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy oa i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue i?aenoaae aaaaeaoe, ui aeo?aeia
iaoiaeieia?y ? i?aaeeueiith, aecia/ai? caaaeaiiy ?aae?ciaai?, iaoa
aeinyaiaia, noeoii?noue iaea?aeaieo iaoeiaeo aeniiae?a ia? aaaeeeaa
cia/aiiy aeey oai??? ? i?aeoeee i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a.
Ao?eaiiy iniiaieo iieiaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy ni?yiiaaia ia ye?nia
ia?aoai?aiiy ?nioth/i? i?aeoeee i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a oa
aeaeueoee ?icaeoie oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/ieo canaae ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie.

O aeena?oaoe?? cai?iiiiiaaii ia?niaeoeai? iai?yie aeaeueoiai ?ic?iaeyiiy
i?iaeaie, cie?aia ?icaeoeo no?oeoo?e ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe,
ianyao oa eiiiiioaaiiy eiai, oaiiiaiaeueii? ?ie? naiiina?oe iaaeaaia?a,
iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo, aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? oa ?iaeea?aeoae?caoe??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, oai??? no?oeoo?e i?ioan?eii? oa ooieoe?iiaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? iaaeeaae??a, oaoiieia?e aiae?iaia?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano, aeyaeaiiy niaeo?a no?oeoo?-ao?aeoi??a naii?icaeoeo nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, neia?aaoe/ieo i?aeoiae?a aei oi?aae?iiy
i?neyaeeieiiiith ina?oith; iiiyo?eii-oa?i?iieia?/iiai aia?aoo oai???
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii o ioae?eaoe?yo, na?aae yeeo:

Iiiia?ao??, iaa/aeueiee iin?aiee

I?ioaniaa I.A. I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a: ci?no, no?oeoo?a,
oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo. – E., 1998. – 176 n.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Aoiai?caoe?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a. – E.,
1998. – 151 n.

I?aai?caoe?eii-iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae iaoiaee/ii? ?iaioe: Iaa/aeueiee
iin?aiee /A.?.Iooeia, N.A.E?enthe, A.?.Aieiae/aiei, A.A.Aaaecaoeueeee,
A.A.Aeeaae, E.ss.Iaaiea, I.A.I?ioaniaa E.A.Iieae, A.I.Neni?a,
A.O.Nieiaeeia, E.I.Noa?/aiei – E.: O?IEEEI, 1995. – 180 n. (aaoi?nueeeo
– 25 n.).

Noaoo?, iaoa??aee eiioa?aioe?e

I?ioaniaa I.A. ?ioi?iaoe?y a ?iaio? iaoiaeenoa // ??aeia oeiea.
– 1996. – ? 4. – N. 73-74.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Aiae?iaia?/i? i?eioeeie iaa/aiiy a nenoai?
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a // Oai?/a iniaeno?noue a/eoaey:
I?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee: Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue. – E.: OAeIO, 1997. – N.
253-255.

I?ioaniaa I.A. ?aae?caoe?y i?aa ethaeeie – iniiaa aoiai?caoe??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a // Ina?oa ? oi?aae?iiy. – 1998. – O.
2. – ? 1. – N. 132-135.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Oi?iiy oa iaae/ee naiiina?oiuei? ae?yeueiino? a/eoaey //
Ia??e. – 1998. – ? 2 (7). – N. 23-25.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Aiae?iaia?/ia ?aeay ? i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa: iinoaiiaea
i?iaeaie // Oeyo ina?oe. – 1998. – ? 3. – N. 13-15.

I?ioaniaa I. sseui ae caa?ioeenue aei noa?e ina?oi?o iineoa // ??aeia
oeiea. – 1998. -? 6. – N. 57-59.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Naiiina?oa o/eoaey aaia?ao?? // Aaia?ao?y oa iniiae
aeiiii?ee a oeie?. – 1998. – ? 4. – N. 4-5.

I?ioaniaa I. I?i oai??th iaa/aiiy o/eoaey // ??aeia oeiea. – 1998. – ?
11. – N. 73-75.

I?ioaniaa I. Iaaeaaia?/iee aeina?ae o ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?a // Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe. – 1998. – ?
4. – N. 70 – 79.

I?ioaniaa I. ?icaeoie i?iaiinoe/ieo oi?iue o/eoaey // Iinoiaoiaeeea. –
1998. – ?4. – N.39-41.

I?ioaniaa I. Iniaeno?nia i???ioaoe?y iaa/aiiy a ina?o? iaaeaaia?a //
??aeia oeiea. – 1999. – ? 1. – N. 72-74.

I?ioaniaa I. Iaaeaaia?/ia oaoi?ea oa ?icaeoie oai?/iai iioaioe?aeo
iniaenoino? o i?neyaeeieiii?e ina?o? iaaeaaia?a // Oai?/a iniaeno?noue
o/eoaey: i?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee: Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue. – E., IIO, 1999.
– Aei. 2. – N. 254-258.

I?ioaniaa I. Ianooii?noue a ina?o? a/eoaey // ??aeia oeiea. – 1999. –
?3. – N.62-64.

I?ioaniaa I. Naiaiaea aeai?o ? i?ioan?iiae?ci o/eoaey // Na?oei. – 1999.
– ?1. – N.23-25.

I?ioaniaa I. Aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y ci?noo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a
// Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe. – 1999. – ?1. – N. 223 –
228.

I?ioaniaa I. I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa iaaeaaia?a oa no/ani?noue //
Iaaeaaia?/ia oai?/?noue: i?iaeaie ? iiooee: Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue. – E. –
Caii?., E?IN EOAe, 1999. – N. 211- 217.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Iaaeaaia?/iee aeina?ae ye ?ino?oiaio i?iaiicoaaiiy //
Oeyoe ?icaeoeo oa aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe:
Iaoa??aee Anaoe?a?inueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? 24-25
eenoiiaaea 1994 ?. – *. ??. – E.: II Oe?a?ie, O?IEEEI, 1995. – N. 44-46.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Oai?aoe/i? ciaiiy a ci?no? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoe?aiee?a // I?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa ea??aieo ?
iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a: i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo: Iaoa??aee ca?oii? iaoeiai?
eiioa?aioe?? 2-3 eenoiiaaea 1995 ?. – E.: O?IEEEI, 1996. – N. 36-40.

I?ioaniaa I.A. I?eioeeie ooieoe?iioaaiiy no/anii? nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe // O?einio?y ina?oe a no/ani?e Oe?a?i?: Iaoa??aee
Anaoe?a?inueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “O?einio?y no/anii?
ina?oe oa noai ?? ?ic?iaee a Oe?a?i?” (1-3 ethoiai 1996 ?.). – E.: ?CII,
1997. – N. 312-314.

I?ioaniaa I.A. Naiiina?oa a nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeeaae??a
// Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ea??aieo
? iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a: Iaoa??aee ca?oii? iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe?? 5-6
aa?aciy 1998 ?. – *. ?. – N. 34-36.

I?ioaniaa I.A. I?iaeaie oi?aae?iiy i?neyaeeieiiiith ina?oith a oiiaao
naiaiaee aeai?o // Oi?aae?iiy iaoe?iiaeueiith ina?oith a oiiaao
noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?: Iaoa??aee
Anaoe?a?inueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? (28-30 aeiaoiy 1998 ?.).
– E.: II Oe?a?ie, AII Oe?a?ie, AeAEEI, ?CII, 1998. – N. 209-213.

Aiioaoe?y

I?ioaniaa I.A. Oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? iniiae ooieoe?iioaaiiy
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a a Oe?a?i?. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee.

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, Ee?a,
1999 ??e.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii i?iaeaiai oai??? oa i?aeoeee i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a. O aeena?oaoe?? ?ic?iaeaii iia? i?aeoiaee
aei i?aai?caoe?? oa ci?noo iaa/aiiy iaaeaaia?a o nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe, ui a?oioothoueny ia aiae?iaia?/ieo ?aeayo ? iaoiaeieia??
neia?aaoecio.

Aeiaaaeaii, ui i?neyaeeieiiia ina?oa ? neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaiith,
a?aee?eoith, a?aeiinii naiino?eiith ina?oiueith nenoaiith ? neeaaeiaith
nenoaie aacia?a?aii? ina?oe. Aeyaeai? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo nenoaie
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iieeaaeaii a iniiao noai?aiiy eiioeaiooaeueii?
iiaeae? ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: nenoaia i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?a, neia?aaoe/iee
i?aeo?ae, nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae, aiae?iaia?ea, oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo,
eiioeaiooaeueia iiaeaeue, aenia?oi? ioe?iee.

Aiiioaoeey

I?ioaniaa I.A. Oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/aneea iniiau ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu
iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia a Oe?aeia. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a iaaeaaiae/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee.

Iaoeeiiaeueiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, Eeaa,
1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia i?iaeaiai oai?ee e i?aeoeee iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiae/aneeo eaae?ia. A aeenna?oaoeee inouanoaeai
eiiieaeniue aiaeec ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey nenoaiu iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia a Oe?aeia. Eco/aii ninoiyiea ?ac?aaioee
oai?aoe/aneeo e iaoiaee/aneeo iniia aeaiiie ia?aciaaoaeueiie io?anee a
iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneiai, nioeeaeueiiai e
oeeinioneiai oa?aeoa?a. Iainiiaaii, /oi ionoonoaea oeaeinoiie
eiioeaioeee ?acaeoey nenoaiu iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey yaeyaony
neaaenoaeai ?yaea i?e/ei eae noauaeoeaiuo, oae e iauaeoeaiuo. E /eneo
oaeeo i?e/ei iiaeii ioianoe aeeeoaeueiia ainiiaenoai oae iacuaaaiuo
aaciai-aeiiieieoaeueiiai e i?ioanneiiaeueii-eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiiai
iiaeoiaeia e iineaaeeieiiiiio ia?aciaaieth, eioi?ua ?anniao?eaaee aai
eae aoi?inoaiaiiia e ieaaee?iaaee ee/iinoue niaoeeaeenoa aei ?iee
?aai/ae neeu. ?aaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe ?ac?aaioee naiinoiyoaeueiie oai?ee
iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia aicieeee n ia?aoiaeii Oe?aeiu ia
iooue aeaiie?aoee e aoiaiecia, n ia?aianaieai eioa?ania ee/iinoe a
oeaio? aieiaiey iaoee, eoeueoo?u, ia?aciaaiey, n ?acaeoeai
aiae?iaiae/aneie eaeae eae eiioeaiooaeueiie, eioi?ay iiaeao iauaaeeieoue
ana ?ac?iciaiiua iiaeoiaeu e iineaaeeieiiiiio ia?aciaaieth niaoeeaeenoia
a naiinoiyoaeueioth oai?eth. A aeenna?oaoeee aeieacaii, /oi
iineaaeeieiiiia ia?aciaaiea iaaeaaiaia yaeyaony neiaeiii?aaieciaaiiie,
iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiie, ioe?uoie, iaeeiaeiie e ianoaaeeueiie nenoaiie. Ii
naiae nouiinoe iineaaeeieiiiia ia?aciaaiea iaaeaaiaia – aoi?ay oaca
aeaoooaciaiai i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey, ?acaeoey e iaiaauaiey niaieoiiie
eoeueoo?u iaaeaaiaa, /oi ii?aaeaeyao ianoi e niaoeeoeeo iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey a nenoaia iai?a?uaiiai ia?aciaaiey eae iaiouaieaiie
ninoaaiie /anoe, aac eioi?ie iai?a?uaiinoue iaaeaaiae/aneiai ia?aciaaiey
iaaiciiaeia. A ?acoeueoaoa aeenna?oaoeeiiiiai enneaaeiaaiey ii?aaeaeaii,
/oi a i?aaeaeao iae?inenoaiu – iai?a?uaiiai ia?aciaaiey iineaaeeieiiiia
ia?aciaaiea iaaeaaiaia eiaao ioiineoaeueioth naiinoiyoaeueiinoue, naie
oeaee, caaea/e, aeaeaeouea neeu e caeiiiia?iinoe ?acaeoey. Io?aaeaieai
caeiiiia?iinoae ?acaeoey yaeythony iauaiaoiaeieiae/aneea e
aiae?iaiae/aneea i?eioeeiu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey.

A aeenna?oaoeee ?ac?aaioaiu iiaua iiaeoiaeu e i?aaiecaoeee e
niaea?aeaieth iao/aiey iaaeaaiaia a nenoaia iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey, eioi?ua iniiauaathony ia aiae?iaiae/aneeo eaeayo e
iaoiaeieiaee neia?aaoecia. Niaea?aeaieai iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey
iaaeaaiaia yaeyaony niaea?aeaiea o?eaaeeiiai oeaeinoiiai i?ioeanna
iauaeoeueoo?iiai, eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiiai, ooieoeeiiaeueiiai ?acaeoey e
iaiaauaiey niaieoiiie eoeueoo?u niaoeeaeenoa. Ia iniiaaiee aiaeeca
i?aeoeee iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey ii?aaeaeaiu aeaoa?ieie?othuea
oaeoi?u oai?aoe/aneiai e i?aeoe/aneiai iao/aiey iaaeaaiaia,
oaiiiaiaeueiia iieiaeaiea iaaeaaiae/aneiai iiuoa a niaea?aeaiee
ia?aciaaiey, /oi i?eaaei e iniuneaieth oa?aeoa?a acaeiinaycae
ninoaaeythueo niaea?aeaiey iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey. Aeieacaii, /oi
yoe nayce eiatho aeeiaie/aneee oa?aeoa?.

Auyaeaiu iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey nenoaiu iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia e iainiiaaii, /oi aeiaaeueiie oaiaeaioeeae
naii?acaeoey yoie niaoeeoe/aneie io?anee ia?aciaaiey yaeyaony a?
aoiaiecaoeey. Enoiaeiui i?eioeeiii aoiaiecaoeee iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey anoue aa?eaoeaiinoue e naiaiaea auai?a. Yoio i?eioeei iiaeao
auoue ?aaeeciaai i?e oneiaee iaee/ey i?aaeeiaeaiey. I?aaeeiaeaiea a
nenoaia iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey nicaeaaony ia iniiaaiee o/aoa
?acee/iuo ia?aciaaoaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae iaaeaaiaia e noai?aeeie?oao
niaea?aeaoaeueiue, ee/iinoii-ineoieiae/aneee e i?aaiecaoeeiiiue aniaeou
aeayoaeueiinoe nenoaiu, iin?aaenoaii /aai noaiiaeony aa?aioii
niaethaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee i?aa /aeiaaea ia ia?aciaaiea,
naiiii?aaeaeaiea, naii?aaeecaoeeth e naiaiaeiia yiaeiaaiiia ?acaeoea
ee/iinoe.

Ii?aaeaeaia ea?a?oey oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey nenoaiu iineaaeeieiiiiai
ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia e ia yoie iniiaa aeieacaii, /oi eiie?aoecaoeeae,
aiieiuaieai aoiaiecaoeee a i?ioeann iineaaeeieiiiiai iao/aiey iaaeaaiaia
yaeyaony aai aiae?iaiaecaoeey. *a?ac aiae?iaiaecaoeeth a no?aoaae/aneia
iai?aaeaiea iaoeaeaiu aeeiaie/iinoue niioiioaiey oai?aoe/aneiai e
i?aeoe/aneiai iao/aiey e iiauoaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie ianuuaiiinoe
niaea?aeaiey iineaaeeieiiiiai iao/aiey iaaeaaiaia. Iniiauaaynue ia yoii,
nicaeaia eiioeaiooaeueiay iiaeaeue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu
iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia, iniiaiui iaoaieciii aeaenoaey
eioi?ie yaeyaony ia?aoiae aiae?iaiae/aneeo i?eioeeiia i?e oneiaee
i?iaeaiii-neooaoeaii-aeeaeiae/aneie i?aaiecaoeee iao/aiey a oaiaeaioeeth
?acaeoey.

Iniiauaaynue ia oii, /oi i?iaeaia oi?aaeyaiiai ?acaeoey a
neiaeiii?aaieciaaiiuo nenoaiao i?eieiaao oi?io i?iaeaiu naiioi?aaeyaiiai
?acaeoey, a aeenna?oaoeee ii?aaeaeaiu ia?niaeoeaiua iooe
niaa?oainoaiaaiey iineaaeeieiiiiai iao/aiey iaaeaaiaia e i?aaeeiaeaiu
i?aeoe/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ioiineoaeueii eieoeee?iaaiey i?ioeannia
naii?acaeoey aeaiiie ia?aciaaoaeueiie nenoaiu.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: nenoaia iineaaeeieiiiiai ia?aciaaiey iaaeaaiaia,
neia?aaoe/aneee iiaeoiae, nenoaiiue iiaeoiae, aiae?iaiaeea, oaiaeaioeee
?acaeoey, eiioeaiooaeueiay iiaeaeue, yenia?oiua ioeaiee.

Abstract

Protasova N.G.

Theory and Methods of Post-Graduate Education in Ukraine.- Manuscript.

Thesis for Doctor of Pedagogics

Specialty: 13.00.01: Theory and History of Pedagogics

The M.P. Dragomanov National Pedagogic University, Kyiv, 1999.

Thesis is devoted to the theory and methods of post-graduate education
of teachers. Thesis has proposed new approaches to organization and
matter of post-graduate education of teachers This approach is based on
androgogic ideas and methods of synergism. It is proved that
post-graduate education is a complicated open relatively independent
education system and a component of the continuos education.

The established development trends of post-graduate education formed the
basis of a conceptual model of its functioning.

Key words: system of post-graduate education of teachers, synergetic
approach, systems approach, androgogics, development trends, conceptual
model, expert appraisals.

PAGE 32

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter

Похожие документы
Обсуждение

Ответить

Курсовые, Дипломы, Рефераты на заказ в кратчайшие сроки
Заказать реферат!
UkrReferat.com. Всі права захищені. 2000-2020