— 1 —
Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y iaoe Oe?a?ie
?inoeooo e?aa?iaoeee ?iai? A.I.Aeooeiaa
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
AAIATHI Aieiaeeie? Iao?iae/
OAeE 681.3
OAI?AOE*I? INIIAE, AEAI?EOIE OA NO?OEOO?E
AAAAOIIIA?AIAeII? IA?IAEE
05.13.13 — ia/enethaaeuei? iaoeie, nenoaie oa ia?aae?
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? e?aa?iaoeee ?iai? A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: /eai-ei?aniiiaeaio IAI Oe?a?ie,
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
?AAeIEEIIA A?eoi? Oaaei?iae/,
?inoeooo i?iaeai iiaeaethaaiiy a aia?aaoeoe?
IAI Oe?a?ie, aee?aeoi?;
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
OA?ANAIEI Aieiaeeie? Iao?iae/,
Iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao Oe?a?ie
“Ee?anueeee iie?oaoi?/iee ?inoeooo”,
caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith;
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe,
IIAI??EEE Na?a?e Aeai’yiiae/,
Iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? O.A.Oaa/aiea,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo i?iaeai ?a?no?aoe?? ?ioi?iaoe?? IAI
Oe?a?ie.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 27 ” 05 199 9 ?. i 14 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.194.03 i?e ?inoeooo?
e?aa?iaoeee ?iai? A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252022 Ee?a 22,
i?iniaeo Aeaaeai?ea Aeooeiaa ,40
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiio a?o?a?
?inoeoooo.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 22 ” 04 199 9 ?.
O/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
?IIAIIA A.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Ia/enethaaeueia oaoi?ea ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo ia? aeaye?
oa?aeoa?enoeee i’yoiai iieie?iiy, na?aae yeeo ne?ae iacaaoe iayai?noue
?ioaeaeooaeueiiai ?ioa?oaeno c ei?enooaa/ai oa caaacia/aiiy oe?ieiai
aeinooio aei ?ano?n?a, aenie? ??ai? i?iaeoeoeaiino? yeeo aeinyaathoueny
ca ?aooiie e?aueo a?o?oaeoo?ieo ??oaiue. Oea a iniiaiiio nenoaie c
ianiaei ia?aeae?ciii, neeueiica’ycai? ia?aeaeuei? nenoaie, nenoaie c
?icoe?thaaeueiei ia?aeae?ciii, a oaeiae aa??aioe eiia?iaoe?e
aeuacaaaeaieo nenoai. ??aaiue i?iaeoeoeaiino? e?aueo c?ace?a
ia/enethaaeueieo nenoai oa noia?eiii’thoa??a neeaaea? 1-10 TFLOPS i?e
ianyc? iai’yo? a nioi? GB. Iaeiae ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui oae? ??ai?
i?iaeoeoeaiino? aeinyaathoueny ia aeoaea aocueeiio eean? caaea/ ?c-ca
caeaaeiino? a?ae no?oeoo?e aeai?eoi?a oa no?oeoo?e aeaieo, ? ?aaeueia
i?iaeoeoeai?noue e?aueo c?ace?a nenoai oa AII, iai?eeeaae
aaeoi?ii-eiiaae??ieo, noaiiaeoue 3-5% a?ae i?eiaeo iieaciee?a. Aeey
nenoai c ianiaei ia?aeae?ciii, ye? iathoue o nai?io neeaae? nioi? oa
oeny/? i?ioeani??a, oeae iieaciee cieaeo?oueny aei /anoeie a?aenioea.
?nioth/ee oai?aoe/iee aia?ao, ?ic?iaee no?oeoo? oa aeai?eoi?a ia
aeicaieythoue ?ica’ycaoe i?iaeaio ca?eueoaiiy ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?
cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee i?e ?ica’ycaii? oe?ieiai eiea caaea/.
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?, ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?
ia/enethaaeueieo nenoai, AII ? iaiao?aeiith i?aenoaaith i?e ae??oaii?
aaaeeeaeo i?iaeai aaoiiaoecaoe?? ??cieo noa? aea?aeaaii? oa
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? ae?yeueiino? aeey oe?iei? ?ioi?iaoecaoe??
noni?euenoaa.
Oaeei /eiii, ?nio? aaaeeeaa iaoeiai-oaoi?/ia i?iaeaia noai?aiiy oai???,
aeai?eoi?a oa no?oeoo?, ui canoiniaothoueny i?e ?ic?iaoe? a?o?oaeoo?
cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee, aaeaioiaaieo aei no?oeoo? aeai?eoi?a
oa no?oeoo? aeaieo, ui caaacia/o? ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/ c aenieei ??aiai
?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
?iaioa iia’ycaia c ieaiaie iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o ?inoeoooo
e?aa?iaoeee ?iai? A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie, Iaoe?iiaeueii? aaaioe?? c
ieoaiue ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie, I?iiaoee Oe?a?ie, a
oaeiae c ieaiaie iaa/aeueii? ?iaioe Ee?anueeiai i?aeia?iaeiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo oeea?eueii? aa?aoe?? (I?iina?oe Oe?a?ie).
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiue iieyaa? a
?ic?iaoe? oai???, aeai?eoi?a oa no?oeoo?, ui ? i?aenoaaith aeey ?ic?iaee
aaeaioiaaieo aei no?oeoo? aeai?eoi?a oa no?oeoo? aeaieo a?o?oaeoo?
ia/enethaaeueieo cania?a c ??aiai ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?, aeecueeiai
aei ??aiy iii?iaeueiiai iieacieea, ui aeinyaa?oueny ca ?aooiie
aeei?enoaiiy iao?aaeeoe?eii? ia?iaee.
Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ? i?aai?caoe?y
ia/enethaaeueiiai i?ioeano ia eiioeaiooaeueiiio, no?oeoo?iiio oa
aeai?eoi?/ii-iia?aoe?eiiio ??aiyo.
O a?aeiia?aeiino? c cacia/aiith iaoith oa a?aoiaoth/e no/ani? aeiiae aei
aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee a ?iaio? ?ica’ycai?
oae? iniiai? caaea/?:
aiae?c eiioeaiooaeueieo iai?yie?a ia?iaee aeaieo o AII, aeei?enoaiiy
yeeo aeicaiey? aeinyaiooe iiaeo, a?eueoeo ??ai?a ?aaeueii?
i?iaeoeoeaiino? c iaoith aecia/aiiy oaiaeaioe?e ?o ?icaeoeo;
oi?ioethaaiiy oa iaa?oiooaaiiy a?iioace oa ia ?? iniia?
eiioeaiooaeueiiai i?aeoiaeo ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe?? a ia/enethaaeueiiio
na?aaeiaeu?, ui caaacia/o? ?ica’ycaiiy ye ia?aeaeueieo, oae ?
iine?aeiaieo caaea/ c ??aiyie ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?, ui
ia?aaeuothoue ?nioth/?;
ia i?aenoaa? cai?iiiiiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo ?ic?iaeoe iia? oai?aoe/i? iniiae
ia?iaee a caniaao ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee; oaeee aia?ao ia? caaacia/eoe
?ica’ycaiiy i?iaeai, ui ia?aoeiaeaeathoue aenieii?iaeoeoeai?e ia?iaoe?,
aecia/aiiy iaiao?aeieo oa aeinoaoi?o oaeoi??a aeei?enoaiiy
cai?iiiiiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo, noai?aiiy a?aeiia?aeieo ia/enethaaeueieo
no?oeoo? oa ?aae?caoe?th ia/enethaaeueiiai i?ioeano a ieo;
?ic?iaeoe ia/enethaaeuei? no?oeoo?e, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue i?aeoe/io
?aae?caoe?th oai?aoe/iiai aia?aoo;
?ic?iaeoe a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/i? iniiae cai?iiiiiaaii? ia?iaee oa
a?eoiaoeei-eia?/iee aacen iia?aoe?eieo no?oeoo? aeey ?? ?aae?caoe??;
?ic?iaeoe aia?ao aeine?aeaeaiiy aeey aecia/aiiy aneiioioe/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee io?eiaieo ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?, aoaeoeaiino? ?o
aeei?enoaiiy oa ioe?iee cai?iiiiiaaiiai caniao ia?iaee aeaieo;
?ic?iaeoe ieoaiiy neioaco, oaoi?/ii? ?aae?caoe?? oa i?ia?aioaaiiy
cai?iiiiiaaieo no?oeoo?.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. O aeena?oaoe?? cae?eniai? iia?
iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai? ?ic?iaee a aaeoc? oai??? cania?a ia?iaee oa
ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo? ia iniia? cai?iiiiiaaiiai eiioeaiooaeueiiai
iai?yieo — aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee aeaieo o AII. Cai?iiiiiaaiee
oai?aoe/iee aia?ao caaacia/o? noai?aiiy iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei
i?aai?caoe?? ia/enethaaeueiiai i?ioeano, no?oeoo?ii-aeai?eoi?/iiai oa
a?eoiaoeei-eia?/iiai aaceno, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy yeeo aeicaiey? aeinyaiooe
iiaeo ??ai?a ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? ?ioi?iaoe?eii-ia/enethaaeueieo
cania?a. ?acii c oei o ?iaio? ? aeaiaioe iiaiai iaoeiaiai iai?yieo a
?ic?iaoe? oai?aoe/ieo iniia i?ea?iaeueiiai eiaeoaaiiy aeaieo, ui
caaacia/othoue iia? niiniae ia?iaee c i?aeaeuaiith oi/i?noth.
Aei caoenoo aeiinyoueny oae? iniiai? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe:
1. Cai?iiiiiaaii eiioeaiooaeueiee i?aeo?ae, ui aecia/a? ia?iaeo
?ioi?iaoe?? a caniaao ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee ?c ca?eueoaiiyi ooieoe?e
ia?iaee a iia?aoe?eiiio na?aaeiaeu? oa cae?eniaiiyi aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
ia?iaee a iaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio oeeee?.
2. ?ic?iaeaii oai?aoe/iee aia?ao aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee, ui aecia/a?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee ia/enethaaeueiee i?ioean, iaiao?aei? oa aeinoaoi?
oiiae canoinoaaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee, a oaeiae ?ica’ycaiiy
i?iaeaie caeaaeiino? ca aeaieie — iaeiiai c aieiaieo oaeoi??a
i?enei?aiiy iine?aeiaieo ia/eneaiue.
3. Aeiaaaeaii, ui o?eueee i?e aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e ia?iaoe? aenioa oi?ie
aeai?eoio ? i?i?iaeueiith.
4. ?ic?iaeaia aaciaa aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia/enethaaeueia no?oeoo?a, ui ia
ia? aiaeia?a, o neeaae? yei? aeei?enoai? aaaaoiiia?aiaei? iia?aoe?ei?
aeaiaioe, ui a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae a?ia?ieo ?aae?caoe??th eiiaiae iaae
aaaaoiiia?aiaeiei iioieii aeaieo o iaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio oeeee?.
5. Aiane?aeie aeine?aeaeaiue eiiooaoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo? onoaiiaeaii, ui i?aai?caoe?y iai?io aeaieie
ia? iciaeo iaeiini?yiiaaiino? oa a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae a?aeiieo ??oaiue
a?eueoith oaeaeeiae??th oa i?inoioith eiino?oeoe??.
6. Cai?iiiiiaaii a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iee aacen, ui caaacia/o? io?eiaiiy
?acoeueoaoo aai eiai /anoeie ca iaeei iia?aoe?eiee oeeee i?e ?aae?caoe??
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo eiiaiae aai iae?iiia?aoi??a iaae aaaaoiiia?aiaeiei
iioieii aeaieo.
7. Iieacaii, ui ia aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?ao
aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeai? oa caaaeueiiai oeio iae?iiia?aoi?e
aeeiiothoueny ca i?i?iaeueio e?euee?noue aoai?a.
8. Io?eiai? iia? ia?aiao?e oa iieacieee aeeiiaiiy ie?aii? iia?aoe??, ye?
ia?aaeuothoue ?nioth/? ia iaeei-aeaa ii?yaeee ? aecia/athoueny ia
o?eueee noaiioaoi?/iei ??aiai, a e e?euee?noth ia?iaethaaieo iia?aiae?a.
9. Cai?iiiiiaai? iieiaeaiiy ?aae?caoe?? ii?ic?yaeii? ia?iaee aeaieo ia
iniia? ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iiai eiaeoaaiiy, yea aecia/a? eiaeiee
iaioeueiaee ?ic?yae ye eiaa?eoi a?ae aaae oeueiai ?ic?yaeo, a oaeiae
caniae i?aeaeuaiiy oi/iino? ia?iaee i?e oaeiio cia?aaeaii? aeaieo ca
?aooiie ?icoe?aiiy ae?aiaciio ia/eneaiue a?ae iaeiiai aei e?eueeio
ii?yaee?a.
10. Cai?iiiiiaai? oa aeine?aeaeai? iniiae i?aai?caoe?? AII oa nenoai ia
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo?ao, caniae ?o i?ia?aioaaiiy, a oaeiae
oaoi?/ii? ?aae?caoe??, ui aeiaiaeyoue i?i ?aae?caoe?th aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo
no?oeoo? aeniei? ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? ia a?o/eciyi?e oaoiieia?/i?e
aac?.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe
iieyaa? a oiio, ui ia iniia? cai?iiiiiaaiiai eiioeaiooaeueiiai i?aeoiaeo
?ic?iaeai? oai?aoe/i? iniiae, aeai?eoie oa no?oeoo?e aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
ia?iaee, ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue yeeo aeiaiaeyoue iiaeeea?noue
noai?aiiy cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee c ?aaeueiith i?iaeoeoeai?noth
1012 ? a?eueoa iia?aoe?e/n. Oai?aoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aeicaieythoue
ia ye?nii iiaiio ??ai? ?aae?coaaoe ??oaiiy i?iaeaie caeaaeiino? ca
aeaieie a oai??? ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?. Eiioeaiooaeuei? iieiaeaiiy
iiaeooue aooe ?aae?ciaai? a aoaeue-yeiio eean? cania?a ia/enethaaeueii?
oaoi?ee, a oaeiae i?eeaae?a oa cania?a aaoiiaoeee.
?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/ia cia?aaeaiiy aeaieo, ui canoiniao?oueny a
a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iiio aia?ao? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee, aeicaiey?
?ic?iaeyoe i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy aeey ia?iaee c i?aeaeuaiith oi/i?noth
ia aeaa-o?e ii?yaeee aeey aoaeue-yeiai eeano AII. O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee iiaea aooe cae?eniaii ia
na??ei?e aeaiaioi?e aac?.
?acoeueoaoe, io?eiai? a ?iaio?, i?aeoaa?aeaeai? aenia?eiaioaeueii i?e
aeeiiaii? ieaiiai? oaiaoeee IAe? ? AeE? a ?inoeooo? e?aa?iaoeee ?iai?
A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie, ye? aeeiioaaeenue i?ae ea??aieoeoaii ? ca
aaciina?aaeiueith o/anoth aaoi?a: oaia 6.3.1/005-92 “Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
?ic?iaea aenieii?iaeoeoeaii? AII ia iniia? aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo
ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?” Aea?aeaaii? iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie 6.3.1
“Aenieii?iaeoeoeai? AII oa i?iaeaiii-i???ioiaai? eiiieaene oe?ieiai
i?ecia/aiiy” Aea?aeeii?oaoo Oe?a?ie c ieoaiue iaoee oa oaoiieia?e a
1992-1994 ??. (iaeac AeEIO ? 62 a?ae 1.04.92); oaia 05.03.01/027-95
“?ic?iaea aeai?eoi?a oa ooieoe?iiaeueieo noai AII c ianiaei ia?aeae?ciii
aeey aeeiiaiiy iao?e/ieo ? aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo iia?aoe?e” Aea?aeaaii?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie “Ia?niaeoeai? caniae ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee
oa aeaiaioe ?io?ano?oeoo?e ?ioi?iaoecaoe??” Iaoe?iiaeueii? aaaioe?? c
ieoaiue ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie a 1995-1996 ??. (iaeac
IA? ? 43 a?ae 31.03.95), oaia ? 06.05/01716 “Aeeiiaoe oai?aoe/i? oa
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?niaeoeaieo oaoiieia?e iaoeiii?
ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe?? aeey noai?aiiy a?o/eciyii? eiieo?aioicaeaoii? AII
iiaiai iieie?iiy” I?i?noa?noaa Oe?a?ie o ni?aaao iaoee oa oaoiieia?e
(aeiaia?? ? 2/977-97 a?ae 20.08.97 ?.).
Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeei?enoiaothoueny a
iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? ia eaoaae?? ia/enethaaeueieo iaoei, nenoai oa
ia?aae Ee?anueeiai i?aeia?iaeiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oeea?eueii? aa?aoe??.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. An? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe aaoi? io?eiaa naiino?eii. O ?iaio? [3] eiio iaeaaeeoue
i?iiiceoe?y i?i iia?aoeaia ia/eneaiiy eiiiiiaio ?acoeueoaoo.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, ui neeaaeathoue iniiaiee
ci?no ?iaioe, aeiiia?aeaeeny oa iaaiai?thaaeeny ia ianooiieo
i?aeia?iaeieo, ?anioae?eainueeeo eiioa?aioe?yo oa nai?ia?ao: 4-e ? 6-e
Ananithcieo oeieao-nai?ia?ao “?ania?aeeaeeaaiea ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee”
(Euea?a, 1983,1987); 3-e ?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Aaoiiaoecaoeey iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee” (Ee?a, 1986);
Ananithci?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oai?ey e oaoieea
i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiuo neaiaeia” (Naa?aeeianuee, 1989);
?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?eiaiaiea
au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee e iaoaiaoe/aneeo iaoiaeia a iao/iuo
enneaaeiaaieyo” (Naaanoiiieue, 1990); 6-io oa 7-io Ananithcieo
neiiic?oiao “I?iaeaiu nicaeaiey i?aia?aciaaoaeae oi?iu eioi?iaoeee”
(Ee?a, 1988 ,1992); Ae?oa?e ananithci?e ia?aae? “Eiiaaea?iua
au/eneeoaeueiua nenoaiu” (Ee?a, 1988); Ananithciiio iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiio
nai?ia?? “Iiiaii?ioeanni?iua au/eneeoaeueiua nenoaiu” (Oaaai?ia, 1991);
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Ieoaiiy iioei?caoe?? ia/eneaiue” (Ee?a,
1993, 1997); nai?ia?ao Iaoeiai? ?aaee IAI Oe?a?ie c i?iaeaie
“E?aa?iaoeea” (Ee?a, 1984-1998).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeeaaeai? a 50
ae?oeiaaieo ?iaioao, ?c ieo a?eueoa 30 aaaeeeaeo aeeth/athoue noaoo? a
ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue Iaoe?iiaeueii? aeaaeai?? iaoe Oe?a?ie c
i?iaeaie “E?aa?iaoeea” oa a aaaeo/eo a?o/eciyieo niaoe?ae?ciaaieo
aeo?iaeao “Eeaa?iaoeea e nenoaiiue aiaeec”, “Yeaeo?iiiia
iiaeaee?iaaiea”, “I?iaeaiu eioi?iaoeee e oi?aaeaiey”, “Oi?aaeythuea
nenoaiu e iaoeiu”. A?eueo?noue ?ia?o iaae?oeiaai? aac ni?aaaoi??a.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
i’yoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, yeee i?noeoue
84 iaeiaioaaiiy, 4 aeiaeaoe?a. Aeena?oaoe?y iae?/o? 307 noi??iie
iniiaiiai oaenoo, 75 ?enoie?a, 25 oaaeeoeue oa 20 noi??iie aeiaeaoe?a.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? i?iaeaia i?aeaeuaiiy ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?
cania?a ?ioi?iaoe?eii-ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee ae??oo?oueny ia iniia?
cai?iiiiiaaiiai eiioeaiooaeueiiai i?aeoiaeo — aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee,
ui ?aae?co?oueny a?aeiia?aeieie aeai?eoiaie oa no?oeoo?aie.
O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. Aecia/ai? iniiai?
caaea/? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, iaaaaeai? iia? iaoeia? oa i?aeoe/i?
?acoeueoaoe.
Ia?oee ?icae?e i?noeoue aeo?aei? a?aeiiino?, iniiai? iiiyooy oa
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy c a?aeiia?aeieie iineeaiiyie ia ai?iaiaai? iaoeia?
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeacothoueny iniiai?, a?aeii? c e?oa?aoo?e, i?aeoiaee
aei i?iaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?. ?icaeyiooi
i?eioeeiia? iniiae i?iaeaie. Noi?ioeueiaaia iaoiaeieia?y aeine?aeaeaiue,
a ye?e ia?aaaaa iaaea?oueny aa?enoe/iei iaoiaeai oa iaoaiaoe/iiio
iiaeaethaaiith. O ?aieao oai??? iiiaeei oa oai??? AII ?ic?iaeaia
iiaeaeue a?o?oaeoo?e ia/enethaaeueieo cania?a c i???ioaoe??th ia
no?oeoo?e aeai?eoi?a oa no?oeoo?e aeaieo. Iieacaii, ui i?ino?? aa??aio?a
ii ?ic?iaoe? aaeaioiaaieo a?o?oaeoo? neeaaeathoue ?ica’ycaiiy, ye?
caaacia/othoue eiiieaenio ia?iaeo iine?aeiaieo oa ia?aeaeueieo
aeai?eoi?a, a oaeiae ia?iaeo neeaaeieo no?oeoo? aeaieo ca ?aooiie
aeei?enoaiiy aioo??oiuei? iiae aenieiai ??aiy.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeeiiaiee aiae?c oaiaeaioe?e ci?iaiiy aeaieo, ui
ia?iaeythoueny a iia?aoe?eieo aeaiaioao (IA) cania?a ia/enethaaeueii?
oaoi?ee (IO). Eiaeiee IA iiaeia oa?aeoa?ecoaaoe i?iioneiith cae?ai?noth
ca e?euee?noth oa oeiii eiiaiae, ui aeeiiothoueny ca iaeeieoeth /ano, oa
i?iioneiith cae?ai?noth ca aeaieie, eio?a iiaea aooe aecia/aia ye oaea
oa?aeoa?enoeea: no?oeoo?ia iaeeieoey ia?iaee (NII) — no?oeoo?a oa
e?euee?noue iia?aiae?a, ui ia?aoai?ththoueny IA a iaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio
oeeee?.
Ia aoaiao ?icaeoeo cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee NII ci?ithaaeanue
oaeei /eiii. sseui ia ii/aoeiaiio oa ianooiieo aoaiao o iia?aoe?eiiio
na?aaeiaeu? ia/enethaaeueieo cania?a iaeeieoeyie ia?iaee aoee
A?O AAEO NEIAI AeAA IIA?AIAeE EIIIEAENIA *ENEI, EAAOA?I?II, AAEOI?,
AeAI? OeEEE?A, IAO?EOess, IANEA, oi ianooiieie no?oeoo?ieie iaeeieoeyie
ia?iaee iiaeooue aooe AeAI? A?EIE AeAI? O*ANOE?A I?IA?AI AeAI? AN???
I?IA?AIE.
Caaacia/aiiy ia?iaee iiai? no?oeoo?ii? iaeeieoe? aeaieo ? iniiaith aeey
ia?aoai?aiue a a?o?oaeoo?? aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo cania?a IO, iiya? iiaeo
no?oeoo? oa iaoiae?a ia/eneaiue.
Aiae?coth/e aoaeoeai?noue cania?a IO, ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui
i?iaeoeoeai?noue a?ia?ieo (aeaii?nieo) IA ? ooieoe??th /ano
i?ioiaeaeaiiy neaiaeo e??cue aeayeo e?euee?noue ??ai?a ia?iaee, ??ai?a
eiia?iaoe?eieo noai, a ia ooieoe??th e?eueeino? ia?iaethaaieo
iia?aiae?a. ?ioeie neiaaie, o?aaeeoe?eia aecia/aiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? ia
iia’ycaii c i?iioneiith cae?ai?noth ca aeaieie iia?aoe?eiiai aeaiaioa,
no?oeoo?iith iaeeieoeath ia?iaee, a caoaa?aeeany iinooeao i?i oa, ui
iia?aoe?? ?aae?cothoueny o?eueee iaae oia?iith aai a?ia?iith no?oeoo?ith
iia?aiae?a. Iaeiae oaeee i?aeo?ae iiaeeeai ci?ieoe, yeui ia?iaeo
?aae?coaaoe ia ia aeaii?niiio IA, a ia iia?aoe?eiiio aeaiaio? c ci?iiith
(a a?e ca?eueoaiiy) no?oeoo?iith iaeeieoeath ia?iaee. Ci?iaiiy
i?iioneii? cae?aiino? IA a a?e ca?eueoaiiy aecia/a? i?iaeoeoeai?noue ia
o?eueee ye oa?aeoa?enoeeo /aniaiai i?ioiaeaeaiiy e??cue ??ai? ia?iaee,
aea e caeaaeiith a?ae e?eueeino? ia?iaethaaieo iia?aiae?a.
A ?yae? ?ia?o aeae?ey?oueny iaaiee ??ae ia/eneaiue — ?ioaa?aeuei?
ia/eneaiiy: eiee ii/aoeiaeie aeaieie a aeai?eoi? ? iiiaeeia ia’?eo?a
(iiiaeeia aeaieo ??cii? no?oeoo?e), a ?acoeueoaoii — iaeia /enei. Ne?ae
cacia/eoe, ui a?eueo?noue ia/eneaiue — ?ioaa?aeuei?. A?aei?ii?noue ? a
oiio, ui caaea/? iiaeooue iaoe e?eueea a?eie, ye? ia?ao?auothoueny ia
e?ioeaa?e noaae?? ?ica’ycaiiy, /e ia ia?ao?auothoueny cian?i —
ia?aeaeuei? ia/eneaiiy, iaeiae eiaeia c ia?aeaeueieo a?eie yaey? niaith
?ioaa?aeueia ia/eneaiiy.
Canoinoaaiiy iae?iiia?aoi?iiai i?aeoiaeo ye ?aca?ao i?aeaeuaiiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? — aia?aoo?ia ?aae?caoe?y oae caaieo aaciaeo iia?aoi??a
(iai?eeeaae, iia?aoi?a noie ia? aeiaooe?a) ? iniiaiei i?aeoiaeii i?e
ae??oaii? ?yaeo aaaeeeaeo i?eeeaaeieo i?iaeai. Iae?iiia?aoi?iee
i?aeo?ae, ca yeiai /anoeia aeai?eoio ia?iaey?oueny a iaeiioaeoiiio
?aaeei?, ia? oe?iea ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a niaoe?ae?ciaaieo,
ooieoe?iiaeueii-i???ioiaaieo caniaao, a oaeiae ye iaiao?aeia /anoeia
aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo i?ioeani??a oa nenoai.
Ne?ae oaeiae cacia/eoe ?icaeoie ia/enethaaeueieo aeai?eoi?a,
i???ioiaaieo ia ia?iaeo iiiaeeie aeaieo c aeei?enoaiiyi niaoe?aeueiiai
a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iiai aaceno. Iai?eeeaae, ia?iaea ca ?ic?yaeaie a
nenoie?/ieo no?oeoo?ao, ia?iaea ca ?ic?yaeieie c??caie oa a?oiaie
?ic?yae?a o caniaao oeeo?iai? ia?iaee neaiae?a.
Oaeei /eiii, iiaeia aeae?eeoe oaiaeaioe??, ui aecia/athoue ianooiiee
aoai o ?icaeoeo ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo? oa niinia?a ia?iaee:
?ioaa?aeuei? iioiee ia/eneaiue;
i?aeoiaee, ui aeieeaathoue c aecia/aiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino?;
caaacia/aiiy aaiethoe?eieo e?ie?a o no?aoaa?? ci?iaiiy oeio no?oeoo?ieo
iaeeieoeue ia?iaee;
caaacia/aiiy ia?iaee ?yaeo eiiaiae, ye? neeaaeathoue aeayea ?ioaa?aeueia
ia/eneaiiy, iae?iiia?aoi?; canoinoaaiiy niaoe?aeueiiai
a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iiai aaceno;
o?aooaaiiy oaoi?/ieo ??oaiue, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny a ?aae?caoe?? ?yaeo
i?eeeaaeieo i?iaeai.
Ia?a?aoiaai? oaiaeaioe?? neeaaeathoue iniiao a?iioace i?i ?ic?iaeo oa
aeei?enoaiiy aaciaeo ia?aoai?thth/eo aeaiaio?a ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?
c iaaeaii?niith i?iioneiith cae?ai?noth.
Cai?iiiiiaaia a?iioaca i?i aeei?enoaiiy a ia/enethaaeuei?e oaoi?oe?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo iia?aoe?eieo aeaiaio?a ye a?eueo aaeaeaaoieo cania?a
ia?aoai?aiiy iioieo aeaieo, yeee iiaea aooe ia o?eueee aeaii?niei, a e
aaaaoiiia?aiaeiei. A?iioaca i?i aeei?enoaiiy iaaeaii?niiai iia?aoe?eiiai
aeaiaioa neeaaea? iniiao aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee aeaieo a caniaao IO.
Ii??aiyii c a?aeiieie eiioeaioe?yie ia?iaee — ia?aeaeueiith oa
eiiaae??iith — aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia? oae? iniaeeaino?. sseui i?e
ia?aeaeuei?e eiioeaioe?? ooieoe?y ia?iaee aaaaoi?aciai iiaoi?th?oueny
aia?aoo?ieie caniaaie (?en.1, a), i?e eiiaae??i?e — ooieoe?y ia?iaee
iiae?ey?oueny ia ?yae i?aeooieoe?e, eiaeia c yeeo ?aae?co?oueny a
nooiai? eiiaae??a (?en.1, a), oi ia iaaeaii?niiio iia?aoe?eiiio aeaiaio?
?aae?co?oueny ooieoe?y ia?iaee, ui a?aeiia?aea? (ca o?aaeeoe?eiei
niiniaii ia?iaee) e?eueeii iia?aoe?yi, ye? aeeiiothoueny iaae oaeei aea
iioieii aeaieo. ?ioeie neiaaie, cae?enith?oueny ia’?aeiaiiy ooieoe?e
ia?iaee ia aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio aeaiaio? (?en.1, a).
Aecia/ei eiioeaiooaeueiee i?aeo?ae (iai?yiie) ia?iaee oaeei /eiii.
Ao?ae Ao?ae Ao?ae Ao?ae
Aeo?ae Aeo?ae Aeo?ae Aeo?ae
a
Ao?ae Ao?ae Ao?ae Aoiaee
’
’
Aeo?ae
Aeo?ae
Aeo?ae
a
Aeo?ae
a
?en. 1. Ia?aoai?aiiy ooieoe?e ia?iaee i?e ia?aeae?ci? (a),
eiiaae??ecaoe?? (a), aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e ia?iaoe? (a)
Aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia?iaea — no?oeoo?ii-i?aai?caoe?eiee i?aeo?ae, ui
canoiniao?oueny i?e ?ic?iaoe? cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee oa
i?aai?caoe?? ia/enethaaeueiiai i?ioeano, yeee iieyaa? a oyaeaii?
ia?aoai?aiiy aeaieo o ?acoeueoao ye iaiiae?eueii?, aac ?iciiae?eaiiy ia
oace io?eiaiiy i?ii?aeieo ?acoeueoao?a, i?ioeaaeo?e, ui ?aae?co?oueny ye
ca?eueoaii ia’?aeiaia ooieoe?y ia?iaee a iia?aoe?eieo aoceao, ye?
ia?aoai?ththoue iio?e aeaieo c aaaaoueio iia?aiae?a i?e a?aeiia?aeiiio
ea?oaaii?.
Aaaaeaii iniiai? aecia/aiiy eiiiiiaio?a ia/enethaaeueiiai i?ioeano, yeee
?aae?co?oueny ca?aeii c aaaaoiiia?aiaeiith ia?iaeith.
Icia/aiiy 1. Aaaaoiiia?aiaeiei iia?aoe?eiei aeaiaioii (AIIA)
iaceaa?oueny aocie ia?iaee oeeo?iai? ?ioi?iaoe?? c i?iioneiith
cae?ai?noth ca aeaieie, a?eueoa i?ae aeaa iia?aiaee, oa i?aai?caoe??th,
yea caaacia/o? ?aae?caoe?th io?eiaiiy /anoeie aai anueiai ?acoeueoaoo ca
iia?aoe?eiee oeeee (eaaio ia?iaee) i?ae i?ia?aiiei aai
aia?aoii-aaoaeiaaiei ea?oaaiiyi.
Icia/aiiy 2. Aaaaoiiia?aiaeiith no?oeoo?ith (AINO) iaceaa?oueny
aaaaoi??aiaaa eiino?oeoe?y, ui neeaaea?oueny c aaeeei? e?eueeino?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo iia?aoe?eieo aeaiaio?a, ye? ? o aca?iiae?? oa
?aae?cothoue ia/enethaaeueiee i?ioean.
Icia/aiiy 3. Aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iio?e aeaieo — oea no?oeoo?a aeaieo, ui
ia’?aeio? eiiiiiaioe ??cieo iia?aiae?a aai noeoii?noue iia?aiae?a,
e?euee?noue yeeo a?eueoa aeaio, ui /anoeiai aai iiai?noth ia?iaey?oueny
a iaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio oeeee? ia iaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio aeaiaio?.
Aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iio?e iiaea aooe aaeoi?ii, eiai /anoeiith, ianeaii,
/anoeiith ianeao, /anoeiith iao?eoe?, iao?eoeath, ?ic?yaeiei c??cii,
a?oiith ?ic?yae?a ? o.ae.
No?oeoo?a aeaieo, ui ia’?aeiai? ca iciaeith ia?iaee a iaeiiio
iia?aoe?eiiio aeaiaio?, ia?aoai?th?oueny i?ae ea?oaaiiyi aeayei?
eiiaiaee/?ino?oeoe??.
Icia/aiiy 4. Aaaaoiiia?aiaeia eiiaiaea, aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ea?oth/a
?ino?oeoe?y — noeoii?noue ?ioi?iaoe?eieo eiiiiiaio, ui aecia/athoue
aca?iiae?th /anoei aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iia?aoe?eiiai aeaiaioa ii
ia?aoai?aiith aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iioieo aeaieo o ?acoeueoao.
Aiae?c no?oeoo?ii-eiiooaoe?eieo oa?aeoa?enoee o aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e
ia/enethaaeuei?e no?oeoo?? iieaco?, ui ii??aiyii c a?ia?iith no?oeoo?ith
aeieea? cia/ia ciaioaiiy iai?io i?ii?aeieo aeaieo (?acoeueoao?a) oa
a?aeiinia ca?eueoaiiy /anoeie ii/aoeiaeo aeaieo a caaaeueiiio ianyc?
ia?iaethaaii? ?ioi?iaoe??. Nei?i/aiiy e?eueeino? i?ii?aeieo aeaieo, a
ioaea aeo?ao /ano ia eiiooaoe?th, ? aacith aeey ?aae?caoe?? a?eueo
aoaeoeaiiai iai?io a no?oeoo?? oa i?aeaeuaiiy ?? i?iaeoeoeaiino?.
?icae?eeii iio?e aeaieo i?e ?ica’ycaii? caaea/? ia ii/aoeia? aeai?,
i?ii?aei? ? ?acoeueoaoe. Aeey ia?oeo ai??i?? a?aeiiee iai?yi eiiooaoe??
— oaea oiiaa aecia/a? iaeiiiai?yieiaee iai?i: o?eueee aea?? c iai’yo? o
neioe no?oeoo?e. I?ii?aei? ?acoeueoaoe eiiooothoueny o a?aeiia?aeiino? c
?o ia/eneaiei cia/aiiyi ? neeaaeathoue iaaeaoa?i?iiaaiee iai?i. I?e
canoinoaaii? aaaaoiiia?aoe?eieo aeaiaio?a o no?oeoo?? a?aeaoaa?oueny
ciaioaiiy iaaeaoa?i?iiaaiiai iai?io. Oaeee ?acoeueoao iiaeia
i?aaenoaaeoe ye iayai?noue iciaee iaeiini?yiiaaiino? iioieo aeaieo o
aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e no?oeoo??.
I?e ?ica’ycaii? caaea/ e?i?eii? aeaaa?e, anioe?aoeaii-eia?/ieo caaea/ ia
aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e no?oeoo?? oa no?oeoo?? c aeaii?nieie IA io?eiai?
cia/aiiy ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e?eueeino? i?ii?aeieo aeaieo aei caaaeueiiai
ianyao, eio?? iieacothoue, ui aea?ao ia cai?iiiiiaai?e no?oeoo??
neeaaea? iieaciee a?ae iaeeieoeue aei e?eueeio ii?yaee?a (iai?eeeaae,
3-30).
I?e aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e ia?iaoe? AIIA ?aae?cothoue aeayeo ?ioaa?aeueio
ea?oth/o eiiiiiaioo i?e ia?aoai?aii? aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iioieo aeaieo.
Aaaaoiiia?aiaei? iia?aoe?? eiaeothoueny o aeaeyae? aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo
eiiaiae, yeui iaae aaaaoiiia?aiaeiei iioieii aeaieo ?aae?cothoueny ae??
iaeiiai oeio, oa iae?iiia?aoi??a, yeui aeeiiothoueny ae?? ??ciioeiia?.
Iae?iiia?aoi? cai?ith? aeae?eueea iaeii-aeaii?nieo eiiaiae, ioaea
aeeiio?oueny ia?aoai?aiiy ii/aoeiai? i?ia?aie a iaa?? iae?iiia?aoi??a,
e?euee?noue yeeo iaioa ii??aiyii c ii/aoeiaei /eneii eiiaiae o i?ia?ai?.
I?ioean cai?ie ?yaeo eiiaiae aecia/a?oueny ye no?oeoo?ecaoe?y i?ia?aie.
Ciaioaiiy e?eueeino? iia?aoe?e aeeiio?oueny ca ?aooiie no?oeoo?ieo
iaoiae?a, ui a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae o?aaeeoe?eieo i?aeoiae?a. Io?eiai?
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ? aeieacii oaeiai i?aeoiaeo, ui aeicaiey?
aecia/eoe ianooiia oaa?aeaeaiiy.
Oaa?aeaeaiiy 1. I?e ?ica’ycaii? aeayeiai aeai?eoio ia aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e
ia/enethaaeuei?e no?oeoo?? aiane?aeie ?? aeanoeaino? — ca?eueoaiiy
(ia’?aeiaiiy) ooieoe?e ia?iaee — iiaeeeai nei?i/aiiy e?eueeino?
iia?aoe?e ii??aiyii c ii/aoeiaith iinoaiiaeith.
I?e aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e ia?iaoe? ia?aoai?th?oueny aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iio?e
aeaieo, yeee iiaea aooe iiaeaiee ??cieie no?oeoo?ieie iaeeieoeyie (o
aeoaeeao cacia/ai? eiaee oaeeo NII):
a?oia iia?aiae?a (GR);
a?oia, aeie ?ic?yae?a (BR), ie?aiee ?ic?yae (OR);
?ic?yaei? c??ce (RS);
i?oiaiiaeuei? ?ic?yaei? c??ce (ORS);
iae?i?ei? ?ic?yaei? c??ce (NRS);
eiia?iaoe?? an?o aeuacaaaeaieo NII.
Aeeth/aiiy o neeaae aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo NII aa??aio?a BR, OR a?aeiia?aea?
?nioth/ei ?aaeeiai ia?iaee a ?aaeueieo no?oeoo?ao, iai?eeeaae oaeiai ye
eiiaae??iee. Cia/aiiy iaeiiai ?ic?yaeo aai a?oie ?ic?yae?a iiaea
?i?oe?thaaoe ?iaioo aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iia?aoe?eiiai aeaiaioa.
No?oeoo?i? iaeeieoe? ia?iaee oeio GR, BR, a?eueo oa?aeoa?i? aeey
a?eoiaoe/ii? ia?iaee aeaieo, a NII oeio OR, RS, NRS — aeey eia?/ieo oa
eia?ei-anioe?aoeaieo caaea/.
Ia?aoai?aiiy aeaieo i?e aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiio ia/enethaaeueiiio i?ioean?
?aae?co?oueny /a?ac aaaaoiiia?aiaei? eiiaiaee oa iae?iiia?aoi?e. Inoaii?
iiaeooue ia’?aeioaaoe eiiaiaee, e?euee?noue ? oei yeeo oaae iiaeooue
aooe ??cieie. Oae ye /enei eiia?iaoe?e eiiaiae iiaea aooe aaeeeei, a
/anoioa canoinoaaiiy i?, oi ia aeioe?eueii i?aaenoaaeyoe ea?oth/?
eiiiiiaioe o aeaeyae? a?ae?ioaee, ? oiio ne?ae ia?aeoe aei iao?eniaaii?
nenoaie eiiaiae (IONE). Oaea IONE oi?io?oueny a ?aaeueio nenoaio eiiaiae
o a?aeiia?aeiino? c eiie?aoiith caaea/ath, eiie?aoiith aeai?eoi?/iith
no?oeoo?ith. ?ioeie neiaaie, iien o aeaeyae? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? eiiaiaee
ye ea?oth/i? ?ioi?iaoe?eii? eiino?oeoe?? ia ?nio? aei iiyae eiie?aoii?
caaea/?, a aecia/ai? o?eueee iiaeeeaino? ii ia’?aeiaiith e?eueeino?
iia?aiae?a ao?aeiiai iioieo oa i?aaeea neeaaeaiiy eiia?iaoe?e
aecia/aiiai iaai?o eiiaiae, ui ?aae?co?oueny ia aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e
no?oeoo??.
Aaaaoiiia?aiaeia eiiaiaea iiaea aooe noi?iiaaia ca a?aeiia?aeieo oiia —
oiia aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee, ye? iieyaathoue o ianooiiiio:
iayai?noue ?ioaa?aeueiiai oeio ia/eneaiue;
i?e aaeaeaaoiino? no?oeoo?e iia?aoe?eieo cania?a e?eueeino? iia?aiae?a,
ui ia?iaeythoueny;
i?e niieo/aii? oeio iia?aoe?e, ui ia’?aeiothoueny;
ca oiiae, ui ia caeaaeiino? ca aeaieie i?ae iia?aoi?ieie aa?oeiaie
aeai?eoio, ui ia’?aeiothoueny, ia aieeaathoue oeie aa?oei a ?ioeo a?eeao
ia/eneaiue, aea aeei?enoiaothoueny o? ae aeai?.
Oaeei /eiii, ia i?aenoaa? oiia ?aae?caoe?? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee
noi?ioeth?ii oaea oaa?aeaeaiiy.
Oaa?aeaeaiiy 2. Aeai?eoi aai eiai /anoeia iiaeooue aooe i?aaenoaaeai? oa
?aae?ciaai? o aeaeyae? aeayeiai iae?iiia?aoi?a i?e aeeiiaii? ianooiieo
oiia: i?ae iia?aoi?ieie aa?oeiaie ? caeaaei?noue ca aeaieie; iia?aoe?? a
eaioethao ia/eneaiue ? iaeiioeiiai-niieo/aieie; ia’?aeiaiiy a
iae?iiia?aoi? ia caeaaeeoue a?ae aeei?enoaiiy aeaieo o ?ioeo a?eeao
aeai?eoio.
?ic?iaea aoaeoeaieo niinia?a ia?aoai?aiiy aeai?eoi?a aeey iaeii/aniiai
aeeiiaiiy eiiaiae o cia/i?e i??? aecia/a?oueny aeeeth/aiiyi caeaaeiinoae
ii ea?oaaiith oa aeaieo — iniiaieo caeaaeiinoae, ui aecia/athoue
iine?aeiaia aeeiiaiiy i?ia?aie.
?nioth/? iaoiaee aeeeth/aiiy caeaaeiinoae ia ? iaoiaeaie i?yiiai
?ica’ycaiiy oe??? caaea/?, a a iniiaiiio ni?yiiaai? ia i?aeaeuaiiy
eiao?oe??ioa caaaioaaeaiino? aia?aoo?e ia?aeaeueieie, oiiiaeie oa ?ioeie
caaea/aie aai coieieith i?ioeani?a ia oaeo (oaeoe) ?iaioe ? o.ae.
Caeaaeiino? ca aeaieie aeine?aeaeai? aeey aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e, a
ye?e i?e ?aae?caoe?? iae?iiia?aoi?a a?oioiaieie ? aeaa aoaie ia?iaee —
i?aeaioiaea an?o iia?aiae?a, ui neeaaeathoue aeai? iae?iiia?aoi?a, oa
aeeiiaiiy anueiai iae?iiia?aoi?a. Aeeiioaaeenue aeine?aeaeaiiy ia noi?o?
eiiaiae oeio ADD, STORE (a?eoiaoe/i? oa oeio caieno//eoaiiy).
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ii aeeeth/aiith caeaaeiinoae ca aeaieie a
ia/enethaaeueiiio i?ioean? ia aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e no?oeoo?? iieyaathoue o
ianooiiiio:
aeeeth/athoueny a?aeiioaiiy iiia?aaeaeoaaiiy i?ae eiiaiaeaie, ai
eiiaiaee ?aae?cothoueny iaeii/anii o aeaeyae? iae?iiia?aoi?a aai
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? eiiaiaee;
eiioe?eoia neooaoe?y i?e aeei?enoaii? ?ano?n?a no?oeoo?e aeey /eoaiiy ia
ia? i?noey, ai aeey oeeo eiiaiae iiiaeeiith ia’?eo?a ? aai ii/aoeia?
aeai?, aai aeai?, ye? io?eiai? aei ii/aoeo ?iaioe iae?iiia?aoi?a;
iiiaeeia cia/aiue ?acoeueoao?a ? iaeiiaeaiaioiith ? oiio ia ia?
eiioe?eo?a i?e caien? io?eiaiiai cia/aiiy.
Iaeiae oaeaee?noue ia?iaee iiaea aooe cieaeaia ?c-ca ia aeeiiaiiy oiia
canoinoaaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeiino?, a oaeiae ?c-ca caeaaeiino? ii
ea?oaaiith. Iaea??oee aeiaaeie i?e /a?aoaaii? oiiaieo oa a?eoiaoe/ieo
eiiaiae — i?e oeueiio ia?iaea aeeiio?oueny ye iine?aeiaia.
Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy iae?iiia?oaaiiy ?ic?iaeaii aia?ao iiaeaethaaiiy, a
yeiio iniiaia i?ioeaaeo?a neeaaea?oueny c ianooiieo aoai?a:
onoaiiaeaiiy ca’yce?a i?ae iia?aoi?ieie aa?oeiaie (iecie i?ae
eiiaiaeaie);
aecia/aiiy iecie c iaeiioeiiaeie eiiaiaeaie (iai?eeeaae
aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaieie), neeaaeaiiy iae?iiia?aoi??a;
ia?aoai?aiiy aeai?eoio a iae?iiia?aoi?io, inaaaeiiine?aeiaio oi?io;
aecia/aiiy aeaieo aeey eiaeiiai iae?iiia?aoi?a.
Aeai?eoi iiaeaethaaiiy iiaoaeiaaiee ia ?ici?ciaaaii? eaioethaee?a
non?aei?o eiiaiae, ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oei?a eiiaiae, ui neeaaeathoue ia?o,
oa aiae?co iiaeeeaeo iecie ii neeaaeaiith iaeiiai eaioethaa — aaaeo/iai
oa an?o a?aeiieo ? o.ae. Aiae?c aeai?eoi?/ii? no?oeoo?e ca?aeii c
i?aaeeaie iiaeaethaaiiy ii/eia?oueny c e?ioeaai? aa?oeie.
Aeey ?aae?caoe?? aeuacacia/aieo aoai?a ia?aoai?aiiy aeai?eoio
canoiniaoaaeanue oaea nenoaia iieno-eiaeoaaiiy iiaeae?: a — ii/aoeiaa
aeaia; ( — a?aee?eaath/a aeoaeea; ) — cae?eaath/a aeoaeea; t —
iia?aoe?y; F — ?acoeueoao iia?aoe??. Ca?aeii c i?aaeeaie aecia/aiiy
iiaeae? oa aea?aiiai eiaeoaaiiy neeaaeaii iaa?? aa??aio?a, ye? iiaeooue
aooe i?e aiae?c? aeai?eoio: 1) (ai ak tf ); 2) (Fi ak tf ); 3) (Fi Fk tf
); 4) )ai tk ); 5) )t i ); 6) )Fi tk ).
?icaeyiaii aeeiiaiiy aa??aioa 2) (Fi ak tf ). Iaoae iia?aiae Fi ?
?acoeueoaoii iia?aoe?? ti, eio?a ? iaeiioeiiaith c tf iia?aoe??th oa
ia?aoai?th? aeai? ai ,az . Ca i?aaeeaie iae?iiia?oaaiiy iia?aoe?? ti ,
tf cai?iythoueny iae?iiia?aoi?ii Mif (ai ,az ,ak ), yeee ia?aoai?th?
aeai? ai , az , ak o ?acoeueoao. Ia iiae?aieo ia?aoai?thaaiiyo
?ic?iaeaia i?ia?aia aiae?co oa iiaoaeiae iae?iiia?aoi?ii? oi?ie
ia/enethaaeueiiai aeai?eoio. Iiaeaethaaiiy aeeiiaeinue ca oiiae, ui a
neeaae oeiiai? aeai?eoi?/ii? no?oeoo?e aoee aeeth/ai? o?eueee
a?eoiaoe/i? iia?aoe?? o a?aeiia?aeiino? c eiao?oe??ioaie a??ia?aeiiai
aeei?enoaiiy a i?ia?aiao AII. Caaaeaiiy oei?a iia?aoe?e ?aae?ciaaii ca
caeiiii aeiaaeeiaeo /enae.
Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe iiaeaethaaiiy iieacothoue, ui aaaaoiiia?aiaeia
ia?iaea ? aeueoa?iaoeaiei i?aeoiaeii, ui aeicaiey? i?enei?thaaoe
ia/eneaiiy oai, aea ?icia?aeaethaaiiy ia aea? ?acoeueoaoo. I?enei?aiiy
ia?iaee iine?aeiaieo no?oeoo? iiaeeeai caaaeyee onoiaiith a?aeiioaiiy
iiia?aaeaeoaaiiy i?e aeei?enoaii? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee.
Aeey aecia/aiiy aneiioioe/ieo ia?aiao??a aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
ia/enethaaeueii? no?oeoo?e aoee a?aoiaai? oae? aeanoeaino?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee:
aeai?eoi?/i? no?oeoo?e aoaeue-yeiai oeio i?e ia?iaoe? i?aaenoaaeai? o
a?eueo i?e?iaei?e oi?i?;
ia/eneaiiy a iine?aeiaieo aeai?eoiao iiaeooue aooe i?enei?ai? ca ?aooiie
aeeeth/aiiy caeaaeiinoae ca aeaieie oa /anoeiai ca ea?oaaiiyi;
i?e no?oeoo?oaaii? aeai?eoi?a nei?i/o?oueny ii/aoeiaa e?euee?noue
iia?aoe?e oeyoii c’?aeiaiiy eiiaiae o iae?iiia?aoi??;
cae?enith?oueny ciaioaiiy /aniaeo aeo?ao ia eiiooaoe?th o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c i?eciaeii iaeiini?yiiaaiino? iioieiiai?io.
Aneiioioe/ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e aecia/a?oueny
ca oiiae, ui AIIA no?oeoo?e aeeiiothoue ia?iaeo iaeneiaeueii iiaeeeai?
e?eueeino? iia?aiae?a.
Ooieoe?iioaaiiy AIIA c iaeneiaeueiith i?iaeoeoeai?noth ?aae?co?oueny i?e
eiai iiai?e caaaioaaeaiino? ia eiaeiiio aoai? ?iaioe. Aeey ?ica’ycaiiy
caaea/? caaacia/aiiy caaaioaaeaiiy i?iiiio?oueny canoinoaaiiy oaei?
no?oeoo?ii-i?aai?caoe?eii? eaiee: iiiaeeia aeaea?ae aeaieo —
aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iia?aoe?eiee aeaiaio. Nenoaia eiiooaoe?? aeey oaei?
eaiee ? iaeiini?yiiaaiith — a?ae aeaea?ae aeaieo aei AIIA.
Oaeei /eiii, aaciaa aaaaoiiia?aiaeia no?oeoo?a aeeth/a? oae? aeaiaioe:
aeaea?aea aeaieo, iaeiini?yiiaaia eiioooth/a nenoaia, aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee
iia?aoe?eiee aeaiaio (?en.2).
. . .
?en. 2. Aaciaa aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia/enethaaeueia no?oeoo?a:
1,2,3,…,N — aeaea?aea aeaieo
I?iaeoeoeai?noue aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e aecia/a?oueny e?euee?noth
eiiaiae, ui ia’?aeiothoueny a iae?iiia?aoi?, yeee ?aae?co?oueny ia oe?e
no?oeoo??. Cacia/ei, ui aaaaoiiia?aiaeia no?oeoo?a ? aa?oeiith
i??ai?aee, eio?a c’?aeio? iiiaeeio naoae?oieo ia/enethaa/?a, a?ae
eiaeiiai c yeeo ia?aaea?oueny iaeei-aeaa iia?aiaee. *an ia/eneaiue
(?ica’ycaiiy) ie?aii? caaea/? ia AINO aeeth/a? /an ?iaioe naoae?oieo
ia/enethaa/?a oa /an ?aae?caoe?? iae?iiia?aoi??a.
I?e iiaoaeia? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e ne?ae a?aoiaoaaoe, ui AIIA
iiaeooue aooe i?aai?ciaai? (c’?aeiai?) ia o?eueee a?aeiieie niiniaaie —
iao?e/ieie, o?aini’thoa?ieie, nenoie?/ieie, o aeaeyae? a?ia?-eoao,
eiiaae??a, aea e a?aeia?aaeaoe i?eioeeie iaeiini?yiiaaiiai iai?io oa
?ioaa?aeueiino? ia/eneaiue, ui icia/a? iiaoaeiao no?oeoo?e ca i?eioeeiii
“aaaaoi aeaea?ae — iaeei i?eeia/” o aeaeyae? aeayei? i??ai?aeaeueii?
eiio?ao?aoe??. sseui ia eiaeiee eaiae, ii yeiio iinooia? iia?aiae aeey
AIIA-i?eeia/a, i?aoeth? iaeia aeaea?aei (oaeiae AIIA), oi oaeee
AIIA-i?eeia/ iiaea ia’?aeiaoe ii aoiaeo no?eueee i?ioeani??a
AIIA-aeaea?ae, ne?eueee iia?aiae?a ia?aoai?th?oueny a iaeiiio
iia?aoe?eiiio oeeee?. Ia ?en.3 iieacaia no?oeoo?ia i?aai?caoe?y
eiioeaiooaeueii? nenoaie c AIIA.
*ania? aeo?aoe ia ia?iaeo aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iioieo aecia/athoueny
aeo?aoaie ia i?ioiaeaeaiiy nooiai?a, ui neeaaeathoue eaioetha ia?iaee.
*enei nooiai?a o oae?e nenoai? iaaaeeea, ai aaea i?e aeaio nooiaiyo
i?aai?caoe?? aeeiio?oueny ia?iaea ianyaii (mn)2 — iia?aiae?a oeio OR
(naiioi?e ?ic?yae). Caaaeueia oi?ioea ianyao ia?iaee (mn)k , aea mn —
ianya aeey NII oeio OR aeey iaeiiai AIIA, k — e?euee?noue nooiai?a o
nenoai?. E?euee?noue i?ioeani??a (AIIA) E? o nenoai? aecia/a?oueny ca
oi?ioeith
KP = 1+ (mn) + (mn)2 + … + (mn) k-1 .
…
…
Inoaiiy nooi?iue
nenoaie
…
Ii/aoeiaa nooi?iue nenoaie
?en.3. Noaia aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? nenoaie:
A — ?acoeueoao ia?iaee o ie?aiiio AIIA
Iniaeeaith oa?aeoa?enoeeith nenoaie c AIIA ? a?aie/i? ia?aiao?e
aeeiiaiiy ie?aii? iia?aoe??. sseui iaeei AIIA aeeiio? ia?iaeo NAI oeio
OR ianyaii mn, oi i?e oeueiio ?aae?co?oueny mn1 iia?aoe?y, iai?eeeaae,
aeiaeaaaiiy, ? aea?aaeaioia i?iaeoeoeai?noue aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai
iia?aoe?eiiai aeaiaioa i?e o?eaaeino? iia?aoe?eiiai oeeeeo OIIIA = 1ie ?
m,n = 32 ia?aaeuo? 109 iia?aoe?e/n (?IIIA = 1,023109 iia?aoe?e/n).
I?iaeoeoeai?noue aaciai? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e — oea ia
i?iaeoeoeai?noue i??ai?aeaeueiiai eiiaae??a, a noia?ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue
on?o neeaaeath/eo /anoei. Caaaeueia i?iaeoeoeai?noue aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
no?oeoo?e aecia/a?oueny ye ?aino = Piaiia , aea i = 1KP. Iaei??th c
caaea/, ca yeith aeeiioaaany ?ic?aooiie i?eiai? i?iaeoeoeaiino? AINO, ?,
iai?eeeaae, ia/eneaiiy noie o?aaiaio?a c iaeii/aniei aecia/aiiyi aaaiaeo
cia/aiue o?aaiaio?a. A oaae.1 iaaaaeai? cia/aiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? aeey
aa??aio?a AINO c ??ciith e?euee?noth nooiai?a ia?aoai?aiiy k oa NII oeio
GR, ??ciith e?euee?noth aoiae?a o AIIA (m) oa OIIIA = 100in.
?ic?aooiie iieaciee?a i?iaeoeoeaiino? aeeiioaaany ca oiiae, ui an? AIIA
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e ?aae?coaaee aaaaoiiia?aiaeio iia?aoe?th iaae
m iia?aiaeaie, aai aeeiioaaee m1 iia?aoe?th ca oaeo ia?iaee.
Oaaeeoey 1
Cia/aiiy aneiioioe/ii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? AINO
k=1k=2k=3mKP?aino
106 iia?aoe?e/nmKP?aino
106 iia?aoe?e/nmKP?aino
109 iia?aoe?e/n8
16
321
1
170
150
3108
16
329
17
33630
2550
102308
16
32585
4369
3382540,95
655,35
10485,75
sseui i?ia?aia i?noeoue M eiiaiae, ui caaacia/othoue ia?aoai?aiiy V
ianyao aeaieo, oi ca oiiae, ui aeei?enoiao?oueny eiaeiee io?eiaiee
?acoeueoao ? ia?aoai?aiiy cae?enith?oueny ia ia/enethaaeuei?e no?oeoo??
c a?ia?iith i?iioneiith cae?ai?noth, oi ?acoeueoao aoaea io?eiaii ia
?ai?oa i?ae /a?ac log2V e?ie?a. I?e ca?eueoaii? i?iioneii? cae?aiino?
s(s>2) e?euee?noue aoai?a ia?iaee ciaioo?oueny c ?inoii s ? aei??aith? >
logsV. A?aie/ia cia/aiiy i?e s=V aei??aith? logsV=1. I?yeee ?ioee
a?aeiiee i?aeo?ae ia caaacia/o? oaei? e?eueeino? aoai?a ia?aoai?aiiy.
Aiane?aeie aeine?aeaeaiue eiioeaioe?? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee
anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e ?? ai?iaaaeaeaii? iiaeia iie?ioeoe ?yae oaeoi??a, ui
aecia/athoue ??aaiue i?iaeoeoeaiino? oa ?ic?iaeyoe ia oeueiio a?oio?
caniae IO c oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai ia no/aniiio
aoai?. Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe ??ai?a i?iaeoeoeaiino?
a?aeiia?aeathoue ??aith ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? aiane?aeie oiia
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?aae?ciaaii ?ic?iaeo a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iiai
aaceno aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee.
Ia?aoai?aiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iioieo aeaieo i?e iaeiioeiiaiio aai
?ioaa?aeueiiio ea?oth/iio aieeao cae?enith?oueny i?e ?ic?iaoe?
a?aeiia?aeiiai a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iiai aaceno. No?oeoo?i? iaeeieoe?
ia?iaee, ui i?aaenoaaeythoue aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iio?e, o a?aeiia?aeiino?
c eeaneo?eaoe??th no?oeoo? aeaieo iiaeii? iaeaaeaoe aei aaaaoi?yaeiiai
eiaeo. Cie?aia, yeui a?oia ?ic?yae?a GR aai a?oia iia?aiae?a GOP
i?aaenoaaeythoue no?oeoo?i? iaeeieoe?, iaae yeeie iaiao?aeii aeeiiaoe
aeiaeaaaiiy, oi ?o ne?ae aecia/aoe ye aaaaoi?yaeiee eiae. Aaaaoi?yaeiei
eiaeii iaceaathoue noeoii?noue aeiaeaie?a A1, A2, A3, A4, …, Am, ye?
caaeiaieueiythoue ??aiyiith N = Aj. Oaeei /eiii, aaaaoiiia?aiaeiei
aeiaeaaaiiyi ne?ae aaaaeaoe ia?aoai?aiiy aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo a noio. C
on?o i?iaiae?ciaaieo niinia?a ia?iaee aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai iioieo
iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiei ne?ae aeciaoe ia?aoai?aiiy ca ?ic?yaeieie c??caie.
Ia?aoai?aiiy aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo a iaeii?yaeiee cae?enith?oueny oeyoii
ia/eneaiiy ?ic?yaeieo noi (noi o ?ic?yaeieo c??cao) noeoiiino?
aeiaeaie?a A1, A2, A3, A4, …, Am, ui caaeiaieueiythoue ??aiyiith
N = Aj .
I?i?iaeueia e?euee?noue ?ic?yae?a, yea iaiao?aeia aeey cia?aaeaiiy
ii?ic?yaeii? noie aij o nenoai? /eneaiiy c iniiaith r, iicia/eii m. C
ae?aco
aij ? ??.??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????????????? ???&??yyyy?????Ay?y@ 9???&? ?MathType??p???u????????????-?????G? Eiaeiee aeaiaio iao?eoe? aecia/a? eiae ?ic?yaeo ?acoeueoaoo. Iaiao?aeii i?aee?aneeoe, ui cia?aaeaiiy oa ia?iaea aeaieo o ?E eiaeao ?aae?co?oueny oi/ii, ai iiaeia io?eiaoe ?acoeueoaoe aac ie?oaeaiiy: caa??aaoe an? ?ic?yaee aeiaooeo o aeaeyae? iaai?o ?E eiae?a. Ia/eneaiiy eiaeo cia/iiai ?ic?yaeo neeaaeiiai (ca e?euee?noth iia?aiae?a oa aiae?oe/iith caeaaei?noth) ioeueoeie?eaoeaiiai ae?aco. sseui P = IOj , aea Oj = xi pi — /enei a aea?eeia?e nenoai? /eneaiiy, oi aeey ia/eneaiiy eiaeo ?ic?yaeo aeiaooeo Pk = xc1 xl2 ... xtm (aea c,l,t = 1n) ne?ae aeeiiaoe aeiaeaaaiiy m eiae?a ?ic?yae?a, ui oi?iothoue oeae /anoeiaee aeiaooie: NPk = Nx1c + Nx2l + ... + Nxmt. Oaea aeanoea?noue ? i?aenoaaith aeey ?aae?caoe?? ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo iia?aoe?e. Aaaaoiiia?aiaeia iiiaeaiiy ia?aaeaa/a? io?eiaiiy aeiaooeo a iaeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio oeeee?: a ia/eneaiiy caeo/athoueny iaeii/anii an? iia?aiaee (iiiaeieee) aac o?aaeeoe?eiiai ia/eneaiiy i?ii?aeieo ?acoeueoao?a. Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaee aeeiiaiiy ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo iia?aoe?e, iniiai? aoaie yeeo iieyaathoue o ianooiiiio: ia?aeaeueia oi?ioaaiiy eiiiiiaio aeiaooeo o aeaeyae? aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai (aaaaoi?yaeiiai) eiaeo; ia?aoai?aiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai eiaeo a iaeii?yaeiee. ?ic?iaeai? iiaeae? ?yaeo aaciaeo iae?iiia?aoi??a oa aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo eiiaiae aeey ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee (oaae.3). Oaaeeoey 3 Oeie iae?iiia?aoi??a I A E ? I I I A ? A O I ? Ea?eoiaoe/i?anioe?aoeaii-eia?/i?eiiaae??ii-iioeiaeuei???ciioeiia?Eia?/i? cnoaeEaioethaia? ae?iae?yaee noaiai?aIiooe i?i?iaeueiiai aeaiaioaAe?eaiiyAeiaeaaaiiy-a?aei?iaiiyIiooe iaeneiaeueiiai Aeiaoaaiiy ei?aiy n-? noaiai?Aeiaeaaaiiy-iiiaeaiiyaeaiaioaAe?eaiiy iiiai/eai?aA?aei?iaiiy-iiiaeaiiyAecia/aiiy ii?iaiaeo Iaeiioeiia?Noia ia? ? a?eueoa aeiaooe?acia/aiueI?ae?aooiie e?eueeino? ?oa?aoeai?Ni?ooaaiiy ii c?inoaiithiaeeieoeue a eiae? AeiaeaaaiiyA?eoiaoe/i? ?aeo?neai? oeeeeeNi?ooaaiiy ii ciaioaiith Aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ?A?aei?iaiiyOaeaee? i?ioeaaeo?eAaaaoiiia?aiaeia AAIIiiaeaiiyI?aeianaiiy aei noaiaiy Aiane?aeie aeine?aeaeaiue canoinoaaiiy ?E eiaeoaaiiy ye a?eoiaoeei-eia?/iiai aaceno aeiaaaeai? oae? oaa?aeaeaiiy: Oaa?aeaeaiiy 3. O/anoie i?ia?aie, ui neeaaea?oueny c aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo eiiaiae, ?aae?co?oueny o aeaeyae? iae?iiia?aoi?a, yeee ia/eneth?oueny ye ia?aoai?aiiy aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo, eiiiiiaioe yeiai aecia/athoueny ca i?aaeeaie ia?iaee i?e ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iiio cia?aaeaiith aeaieo. Oaa?aeaeaiiy 4. Iae?iiia?aoi?, ui cai?ith? /anoeio i?ia?aie ? neeaaea?oueny c aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo aeaii?nieo eiiaiae, o eiioeaiooaeueiiio ieai? ia ia? iaiaaeaiue ca e?euee?noth eiiaiae, ui ia'?aeiothoueny. Aeine?aeaeaii iiaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy iae?iiia?oaaiiy aeey iine?aeiaieo oa ia?aeaeueieo ia/eneaiue ? aecia/aii ianooiia: Oaa?aeaeaiiy 5. Iia?aoe?? aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaiiai oeio, ui ciaoiaeyoueny ia iaeiiio oeyoo, iiaeooue aeeiioaaoeny iaeii/anii, aea?ia, ui a?aoiaioe eiaeii? c ieo iiaeooue caeaaeaoe a?ae ?acoeueoaoo aeeiiaiiy iiia?aaei?o iia?aoe?e. Oaa?aeaeaiiy 6. Ia aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo?ao ?aae?cothoueny c aenieith oaeaeeiae??th ye iine?aeiai?, oae ? ia?aeaeuei? aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeai? aeai?eoie. Aaaaoiiia?aiaei? no?oeoo?e iaea?eueo aaeaeaaoii a?aeiia?aeathoue eeano aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo ia/eneaiue. Oyaeaiiy /anoeie i?ia?aie o aeaeyae? iae?iiia?aoi?a oa ?aae?caoe?y eiai a ?aeeiiio iia?aoe?eiiio oeeee? aeicaiey? aeeeth/eoe aaaaoie?ieiao i?ioeaaeo?o iai?io ?acoeueoaoaie oa caaaioaaeaiiy ii/aoeiaeie aeaieie i?e ia?iaoe? aeaii? /anoeie, ai aeey iae?iiia?aoi?iiai aeeiiaiiy aeiaaa?oueny iaeii?aciaa, iaeiini?yiiaaia aaaaoiaeaiaioia caaaioaaeaiiy (oa?ae aeaieo o aaaaoiiia?aiaeio no?oeoo?o) ? aea?ae iaeiiai aai e?eueeio ?acoeueoao?a; i?ia?aioaaoe an? eiiaiaee, ui neeaaeathoue iae?iiia?aoi?, iaeiei, a?aeiia?aeiei neiaieii aai ei?ioeith iine?aeiai?noth neiaie?a c ia?a?aooaaiiyi on?o aeaieo, ui ia?iaeythoueny oaeeie eiiaiaeaie; aeeeth/eoe iaeaaiaeaeaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? no?oeoo?e ia aeeiiaiiy caaeaiiai iae?iiia?aoi?a, ai ca oaeiai i?aeoiaeo ??cieoey a ?aae?caoe?? iieyaa? a caniaao oa iaoiaeao i?aeaioiaee eiiiiiaio aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue i?aai?caoe?? ia/eneaiue /a?ac iae?iiia?oaaiiy i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue ia?niaeoeao ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee a caniaao ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee. O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? i?aaenoaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ii aeei?enoaiith ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iiai cia?aaeaiiy aeaieo. Oaea eiaeoaaiiy, ui ?ic?iaeyeinue nii/aoeo ye aia?ao aeey ?aae?caoe?? ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo iia?aoe?e, ? i?aenoaaith aeey ia?iaee aeaieo c i?aeaeuaiith oi/i?noth oa c iao?aaeeoe?eiith i?aai?caoe??th — c aeanoeainoyie iaiiceoe?eii? nenoaie /eneaiiy (?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/ia eiaeoaaiiy c iaoii?yaeeiaaiei iaai?ii (?EII)). Aeey cia?aaeaiiy eiaeo aea?eeiaiai iaioeueiaiai ?ic?yaeo Ni iaiao?aeii ]log2 (n+1)[ aea?eeiaeo ?ic?yae?a, aea ].[ — iaea?eueoa aeeae/a oe?ea, n — ?ic?yaei?noue iia?aiaea. Iia?aiae AN c Q(A) cia/ieie iaeeieoeyie caieno?oueny ye signA, Q(A), AN ? caeia? ianya: Q]log2 (n+1)[ + ]log2 (n+1)[ + 1 a?o. Iiaeaethaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo iioie?a i?e ?aae?caoe?? ?E aeaieo o AII iieaco?, ui ?aaeuei? /enea caeiathoue ianeae c e?euee?noth aeaiaio?a a?ae 5-7 aei 15-20. Iai?eeeaae, iia?aiae A= +1011.0101 ia? cia?aaeaiiy sign A, Q(A), sign N1 : N1, sign N2 : N2, sign N3 : N3, sign N4 : N4, sign N5 : N5 0, 5, 0 : 3., 0 :1., 0 : 0., 1 : 2., 1 : 4.(0, 5, + 3., + 1., + 0., 2., 4). Canoinoaaiiy ?E eiaeoaaiiy aeicaiey? aoaeoaaoe ?aeeio no?oeoo?o aeaieo aeey ieaaath/i? ? o?eniaaii? eiie (?en.4). Aeei?enoaiiy ?aeeii? no?oeoo?e aeey aeaieo aeicaiey? ni?iuoaaoe aia?aoi? oa i?ia?aii? caniae. signAQsignN1N1 + psignN2N2 + p...signNi Ni + p...signNnNn + p ?en.4. Caaaeueia no?oeoo?a ?E aeaieo I?e ?E eiaeoaaii? ca?eueoo?oueny /eneiaee ae?aiacii aeaieo. I?e ?ic?yaeiino? n iaeneiaeueia /enei aecia/a?oueny ye 2n 1. A?aoiaoth/e, ui eiae iaeeieoe? caieno?oueny ?c ciaeii, aecia/ei iaeneiaeueia ANmax oa i?i?iaeueia /enei BNmin i?e ?E cia?aaeaii? (t=2n ): ANmax = 2t 2(t1) ? BNmin = 2(t1). Eiao?oe??io ia?ae?eooy ae?aiaciio S?E aei??aith? S?E = 2t1 1. Eiao?oe??io ca?eueoaiiy ae?aiaciio i?e ?E eiaeoaaii? aecia/eii ye H=S?E /S. Oaeei /eiii, i?e ?E cia?aaeaii? a??ooaeueii ca?eueoo?oueny ?ic?yaei?noue a?ae n2 aei n?E = 2(2n 1) + 1. A oaae. 3 iaaaaeai? e?euee?noue aea?eeiaeo ?ic?yae?a n2 ? ?ic?yaee ?E cia?aaeaiiy n?E, ui io?eiai? i?e eiaeoaaii? o a?aeiia?aeieo n2, a oaeiae ae?aiaciie ci?ie /enae D ca ?ic?yaeieie n?oeaie n?E . Oaaeeoey 3 Ae?aiaciie /enae i?e ?E cia?aaeaii? n278910n?E25551110232047D2127 x 2+127 2255 x 2+255 2511 x 2+511 21023 x 2+1023 ?icoe?aiiy ae?aiaciio ci?ie aeaieo ? i?aenoaaith aeey i?aeaeuaiiy oi/iino? ia/eneaiiy a caniaao IO. Ia a?aei?io a?ae o?aaeeoe?eiiai cia?aaeaiiy /enae, i?e ?E eiaeoaaii? ciaioo?oueny aieea oaeoi?a ie?oaeaiiy, ai ? iiaeeea?noue caa??aaoe ?ic?yaee, ye? ia a?aoiaoaaeenue ?c-ca ?o iaioiai cia/aiiy. Oey aeanoea?noue ia? aaeeea i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy: iai?eeeaae i?e oeeo?ia?e ia?iaoe? neaiae?a c'yaey?oueny iiaeeea?noue aeeiioaaoe eiiieaenio ia?iaeo c iaeeie oa aaeeeeie aiie?ooaeaie. Niin?a cia?aaeaiiy /enae aecia/a? aeai?eoie aeeiioaaieo iia?aoe?e. I?aaeea aeeiiaiiy ?ic?yaeieo iia?aoe?e iaae ?E aeaieie: aeiaeaaaiiy — Ni + Nk = Ni , Nk , yeui Ni > Nk ;
Ni + Nk = Ni + 1, yeui Ni = Nk ;
a?aei?iaiiy — Ni Nk = Ni 1, Ni 2, …, Nk, yeui Ni > Nk,
Ni Nk = 0, yeui Ni = Nk ;
iiiaeaiiy — Ni Nk = Ni + Nk, aea Ni, Nk — iaioeueia? ?ic?yaee
iia?aiae?a;
cnoa /enea ia n ?ic?yae?a e?ai?o/ — (N1, N2, …, Nn) (N1+c, N2+c, …,
Nn+c);
eia?/ia ? — Ni Nk = 0 , yeui Ni = Nk,
Ni Nk = Ni, yeui Ni = Nk;
eia?/ia AAI — Ni Nk = Ni, yeui Ni = Nk.
I?e ?E cia?aaeaii? aii?yaeeiaai?noue iaai?o eiae?a iaioeueiaeo ?ic?yae?a
iiaea aooe ii?ooaia aac ao?aoe /eneiaiai cia/aiiy iia?aiaea. sseui
aea?eeiaa /enei A aoei i?aaenoaaeaii aii?yaeeiaaiei iaai?ii eiae?a
iaioeueiaeo ?ic?yae?a
A AN = N1, N2, …, Ni, …, Nn,
aea Ni > Ni+1, oi oea /enei A iiaeia i?aaenoaaeoe iaaii?yaeeiaaiei
iaai?ii
A AN = N2, Ni, …, N1, …, Nn, Ni+1.
Oaea cia?aaeaiiy, yea iiaeia iacaaoe ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iei
iaaii?yaeeiaaiei iaai?ii, aecia/a? iacaeaaeia ii?ic?yaeia aeeiiaiiy
iia?aoe?e. Oaea ?EII eiaeoaaiiy ia? aeanoeaino? iaiiceoe?eieo nenoai
/eneaiiy, ui aeicaiey? i?aai?coaaoe ia?aeaeueio ia?iaeo ?, ioaea,
i?aeaeueoe i?iaeoeoeai?noue cania?a IO c oaeei cia?aaeaiiyi aeaieo.
Aiane?aeie aeine?aeaeaiue aeiaaaeaii, ui ?E oa ?EII eiaeoaaiiy iathoue
?yae aaaeeeaeo aeanoeainoae:
Oaa?aeaeaiiy 7. ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/ia eiaeoaaiiy, ca yeiai iaioeueiaee
?ic?yae aea?eeiaiai iiceoe?eiiai eiaeo iaeiicia/ii cia?aaeo?oueny
eiaeii, ui aei??aith? eiaa?eoio a?ae aaae ?ic?yaeo, a yeiio a?i
ciaoiaeeoueny, ? i?aenoaaith cia?aaeaiiy /enae o AII, ui ?icoe?th?
ae?aiacii oa iiaeeeaino? ia?iaee /enae o iia?aoe?eiiio na?aaeiaeu?.
Ia/enethaaeueia iaoeia c ?E oa ?EII aeaieie ia ia? o?eniaaii? no?oeoo?e
aeaieo ? ?? iia?aoe?eia /anoeia i???ioiaaia ia ia?iaeo eiae?a
aeiaaeeiith, ia iaioa ye ]log2(n+1)[ ?ic?yae?a. Oaea i?aai?caoe?y
ia?iaee a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae iine?aeiaii?, ai ?E eiaee ? o?eueee aeey
iaioeueiaeo ?ic?yae?a.
Iaiiceoe?ei?noue ?EII eiaeoaaiiy, i?aaeea ia?iaee iaoiiaeee oaeee
aeniiaie.
Oaa?aeaeaiiy 8. Aeai?eoi aai eiai /anoeia, ui ia i?noeoue caeaaeiinoae
ii ea?oaaiith oa ?aae?co?oueny ca i?aaeeaie aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee oa
?E eiaeoaaiiy ye iae?iiia?aoi?, ia?aoai?th?oueny a aaaaoi?yaeiee eiae ca
i?i?iaeueio e?euee?noue e?ie?a.
Aeiaaaeaiiy aaco?oueny ia aeanoeainoyo ?E oa ?EII cia?aaeaiiy. Io?eiaiiy
?acoeueoaoo ia/eneaiiy iae?iiia?aoi?a aai neeaaeiaeo ?acoeueoaoo o
aeaeyae? aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo ?aae?co?oueny ae?yie oeio
aeiaeaaaiiy-a?aei?iaiiy, aeaii?niiai aai aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiai, a oaeiae
aeei?enoaiiyi iia?aoe?? i?aenoaiiaee. Oaea i?ioeaaeo?a ? iane?aeeii
i?aaee ia?iaee ?E oa ?EII eiae?a, ui aecia/athoue, e??i aeuacaaaeaiiai,
iacaeaaeio ii?ic?yaeio ia?iaeo ? ca oiiae iaiaiaaeaiiai ia?aeae?cio
e?euee?noue iaiao?aeieo e?ie?a aeey cia?aaeaiiy iae?iiia?aoi?a o
aeaeyae? aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo ? i?i?iaeueiith.
Iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe i?aeoe/iiai aeiaaaeaiiy ia?aaaae ?E eiaeoaaiiy i?e
ia/eneaii? oaeoi??aeo N /enae, yea aeeiioaaeinue ia e?eueeio AII eeano
PC. O eiaeiiio aeiaaeeo ia aoai? ia/eneaiiy cia/aiiy a?eueoa 2127 ia
an?o AII ?c noaiaea?oiei i?ia?aiiei caaacia/aiiyi aoa inoaiia ii
ia?aiiaiaiith. Ia/eneaiiy c canoinoaaiiyi ?E eiaeoaaiiy aeeiioaaeinue
i?aaeeueii aei io?eiaiiy e?ioeaaiai ?acoeueoaoo. ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/ia
a?eoiaoeea o aeaeyae? aeiaeaoeiaiai caaacia/aiiy iiaea aooe anoaiiaeaia
ia eiaei?e AII, ui aeicaieeoue o ianiaiio ii?yaeeo i?aeaeueoe
aoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii-ia/enethaaeueieo cania?a.
?ic?iaea AII c ?E a?o?oaeoo?ith ? i?aeoe/ii ?aae?co?iith, ai
no?oeoo?iith a?aei?ii?noth oaei? AII aoaea o?eueee ciaioaiiy
?ic?yaeiino? iia?aoe?eiiai na?aaeiaeua oa ci?iaiiy no?oeoo?e aeaieo, ui
caa??aathoueny a iai’yo?.
O i’yoiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeai? a?o?oaeoo?e AII oa nenoaie ia i?aenoaa?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo?, no?oeoo?e iia?aoe?eieo aoce?a a?eoiaoe/ieo ?
eia?/ieo iae?iiia?aoi??a, i?eeeaae aa??aioa aenia?eiaioaeueii?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? AII. No?oeoo?i? iaeeieoe? aeaieo i?e aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e
ia?iaoe? aecia/athoue ?ic?iaeo aeayeeo iao?aaeeoe?eieo i?eno?i?a oa
aoce?a.
Aeey ?aae?caoe?? aaciai? iia?aoe?? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee “ia/eneaiiy
iaeeieoeue o aea?eeiaiio eiae?” ?ic?iaeai? ia?aoai?thaa/? aea?eeiaiai
eiaeo a ou?eueiaiee eiae. Oeae ia?aoai?thaa/ ia? o nai?io neeaae? aaciao
iao?eoeth aeie?a c aeaiaio?a ? oa AAI; o oae?e iao?eoe? ?aae?co?oueny
ia?aoai?aiiy 4-?ic?yaeiiai aea?eeiaiai eiaeo a ou?eueiaiee eiae. Ia
?en.5 iieacaia no?oeoo?a aeieo oa aea? aacia? iao?eoe? c oaeeo aeie?a. O
iao?eoeyo aeeiio?oueny ia?aeaeueia ia?aoai?aiiy 4-?ic?yaeieo eiae?a a
ou?eueiai? eiaee.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8
?en.5. Aaciaa iao?eoey ia?aoai?aiiy
Ia aeoiaeao 1-4 oa 5-8 io?eio?ii ?acoeueoaoe ia?aoai?aiiy a iao?eoeyo.
Ia iniia? oaei? iao?eoe? aoaeothoueny ia?aoai?thaa/? aeey a?eueoi?
e?eueeino? ?ic?yae?a. *an ?iaioe n-?ic?yaeiiai ia?aoai?thaa/a Tn =T8 +
2tlog2 (n/8) = t(5 + 2log2 (n/8)), aea T8 = 5t, t — cao?eiea ia aaioee?.
?ic?iaeaii ea?iaai? ia?aoai?thaa/?, ui ?aae?cothoue ia?iaeo a?oi aeaieo,
ia?aoai?thaa/ aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo oa ?io? iia?aoe?ei? no?oeoo?e aeey
aeeiiaiiy aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo iia?aoe?e oa iae?iiia?aoi??a. I?eeeaaeia
canoinoaaiiy cai?iiiiiaaieo no?oeoo? iieacaii ia ?ic?iaoe? i?eno?ith
aeey ia/eneaiiy ia?aoai?aiue Oieoa — Aaeaia?a. ?c canoinoaaiiyi
?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iiai cia?aaeaiiy aeaieo neioaciaai? aacia? aeiee
aeey ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo iia?aoe?e, ia/eneaiiy eaioethaiaeo ae?ia?a,
iae?iiia?aoi??a ?c iiiaeaiiyi. Ia iniia? cai?iiiiiaaieo iieiaeaiue
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee oa a?aeiia?aeiiai a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoi?/iiai
aaceno oa no?oeoo?ieo ??oaiue ?yaeo iia?aoe?e ? iae?iiia?aoi??a o ?aieao
oaie 6.3.1 /005-9 Aea?aeaaii? iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie 6.3.1
“Aenieii?iaeoeoeai? AII oa i?iaeaiii-i???ioiaai? eiiieaene oe?ieiai
i?ecia/aiiy” Aea?aeeii?oaoo Oe?a?ie c ieoaiue iaoee oa oaoiieia?e
?ic?iaeaia aenia?eiaioaeueia aa?n?y AII c i?iaeoeoeai?noth 108
iia?aoe?e/n. Aaaaoiiia?aiaeia AII ?ic?iaeyeanue ye
i?iaeaiii-i???ioiaaiee eiiieaen, ui aeicaiey? ?ica’ycaoe caaea/? ia?iaee
aeaieo o ?aaeueiiio /an? oa aeeiioaaoe ooieoe?? naoae?oiiai
aenieii?iaeoeoeaiiai ia/enethaa/a oa cania?a iia?aoeaiiai eiio?ieth oa
ea?oaaiiy.
Eiiieaen i???ioiaaii ia aeei?enoaiiy AN IAII, ui aeeiio? ooieoe??
o?aineyoe??, ?i?oe?ae?caoe??. I?e ?ic?iaoe? aa?n?? AII aoee ?aae?ciaai?
i?iiiceoe?? ii i?ia?aioaaiith aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo? o aeaeyae?
i?ia?aiieo cania?a, ui aeeiiothoue ooieoe?th o?aineyoi?a-aiae?caoi?a oa
caaacia/othoue aeeiiaiiy i?ia?aie, yea iaienaia iiaith aenieiai ??aiy
(IANEAEUe), ia aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e AII. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeine?aeaeaiue
oeueiai ?icae?eo aeiaaaeaia iiaeeea?noue oaoi?/ii? ?aae?caoe??
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo? ia na??ei?e EIII oa OOE aac?
c ??aiai i?iaeoeoeaiino?, aeecueeei aei aneiioioe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee.
O aeiaeaoeo iaaaaeai? iaoa??aee iiaeaethaaiiy oa aeieoiaioe i?i
aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe.
AENIIAEE
O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? cae?eniai? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai? ?ic?iaee a
aaeoc? oai??? ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo? ia i?aenoaa? aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
ia?iaee, ye? caaacia/othoue ?ica’ycaiiy aaaeeeai? i?eeeaaeii? i?iaeaie —
iie?ioaiiy oaoi?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee aenieii?iaeoeoeaii? ia/enethaaeueii?
oaoi?ee, a oiio /ene? ?aaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?. ??oaiiy io?eiaii o
aeaeyae? oai?aoe/ieo iniia aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee, niinia?a
i?aai?caoe?? ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?, ia/enethaaeueieo aeai?eoi?a,
iia?aoe?eieo no?oeoo?. Io?eiai? ianooii? oai?aoe/i? oa i?aeoe/i?
?acoeueoaoe:
1. Aecia/aii, ui ianooiiei aoaiii o ?icaeoeo aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo cania?a
IO ? canoinoaaiiy iia?aoe?eieo aeaiaio?a c iaaeaii?niith i?iioneiith
cae?ai?noth ca aeaieie ? noai?aiiy ia oe?e i?aenoaa? ia/enethaaeueieo
no?oeoo?.
2. Ia i?aenoaa? a?iioace i?i canoinoaaiiy iaaeaii?nii? iia?aoe?eii?
iniiae a ia/enethaaeueieo no?oeoo?ao cai?iiiiiaaii ? ?ic?iaeaii
eiioeaiooaeueiee i?aeo?ae — aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia?iaea, ui iieyaa? a
oyaeaii? ia?aoai?aiiy aeaieo o ?acoeueoao ye iaiiae?eueii?, aac
?iciiae?eaiiy ia oace io?eiaiiy i?ii?aeieo ?acoeueoao?a, i?ioeaaeo?e, ui
?aae?co?oueny ye ca?eueoaii-ia’?aeiaia ooieoe?y ia?iaee a iia?aoe?eiiio
na?aaeiaeu?, ui ia?aoai?ththoue iio?e aeaieo c aaaaoueio iia?aiae?a i?e
a?aeiia?aeiiio ea?oaaii?. Aecia/ai? oai?aoe/i? iniiae aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
ia?iaee, oiiae ?? canoinoaaiiy oa oa?aeoa?i? iniaeeaino?.
3. Aecia/aii, ui i?e aaaaoiiia?aiaei?e ia?iaoe? no?oeoo?ii-eiiooaoe?ei?
oa?aeoa?enoeee iathoue iciaeo iaeiini?yiiaaiino? — ia?aaaaa i?e iai?i?
aeaieie oaeeo, ye? ? ii/aoeiaeie ? aeey yeeo ai??i?? iai?yi eiiooaoe?? ?
a?aeiiei. Ca?eueoaiiy ooieoe?e ia?iaee aaaea aei nei?i/aiiy ianyao
i?ii?aeieo aeaieo (?acoeueoao?a), a oaeiae aei ciaioaiiy e?eueeino?
iia?aoe?e o aeai?eoi? i?e no?oeoo?ecaoe?? eiai a aaaaoiiia?aiaeiiio
na?aaeiaeu?. Oeae ?acoeueoao ? iane?aeeii aeanoeaino? aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo
no?oeoo?, oiaoi ? no?oeoo?iei iaoiaeii, ui a?ae??ciy? eiai a?ae
a?aeiieo, iai?eeeaae aeaaa?a?/ieo iaoiae?a.
4. ?ic?iaeaii iniiae iae?iiia?oaaiiy aeai?eoi?/ieo no?oeoo?. Aacia?
??oaiiy io?eiai? i?e aeeeth/aii? a i?aeeiiaiaeieo caeaaeiinoyo
a?aeiioaiue iiia?aaeaeoaaiiy oa eiioe?eoieo neooaoe?e i?e ia/eneaiiyo c
caaaeueieie ?ano?naie. Ia i?aenoaa? oeeo ?acoeueoao?a aeiaaaeaia
iiaeeea?noue i?enei?aiiy ia?iaee ia/enethaaeueieo aeai?eoi?a
iine?aeiaiiai oeio. Aecia/aia ea?oth/a eiiiiiaioa ia/enethaaeueiiai
i?ioeano ye aaaaoiiia?aiaeia eiiaiaea oa iae?iiia?aoi?. ?c-ca ai??i?ii?
iaaecia/aiino? oeio iae?iiia?aoi?a cai?iiiiiaaii aaeeaaoe iao?eniaaio
nenoaio eiiaiae, yea ia?aoai?th?oueny a ?aaeueio aaaaoiiia?aiaeio
eiiaiaeo aai iae?iiia?aoi? i?e no?oeoo?ecaoe?? aeai?eoio.
5. Aeiaaaeaii, ui aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia?iaea ? ?aeeiei i?aeoiaeii, ca
yeiai aenioa oi?ie no?oeoo?iaaiiai aeai?eoio ? i?i?iaeueiith. Io?eiai?
iia? ia?aiao?e aeeiiaiiy iia?aoe??, ye? ia?aaeuothoue a?aeii? ia
iaeei-aeaa ii?yaeee ? ? ooieoe??th ia o?eueee ia?aiao??a aeaiaioii? aace
, a e e?eueeino? iaeii/anii ia?iaethaaieo iia?aiae?a. Iniaeeaino?
ia?iaee aecia/athoue ?ic?iaeo aaciai? a?o?oaeoo?e oeio “iiiaeeia
aeaea?ae aeaieo — iaeei aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee i?ioeani?”. Aneiioioe/ia
i?iaeoeoeai?noue aaciai? a?o?oaeoo?e neeaaea? 10 512 0 ? a?eueoa
iia?aoe?e/n.
6. ?ic?iaeaii iaiao?aeiee ? aeinoaoi?e iaa?? aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo eiiaiae
oa iae?iiia?aoi??a, yeee ia ia? aiaeia?a ? caaacia/o? ei?aeoi?noue
ia?iaee a aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo?ao, AII oa nenoaiao. Cai?iiiiiaaii
ia?iaeyoe aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iio?e aeaieo ia iniia? ia?aoai?aiiy
aaaaoi?yaeiiai eiaeo oa ?ic?iaeaii can?a oaeiai ia?aoai?aiiy, ui
caaacia/o? i?enei?aiiy ii??aiyii c a?aeiieie o e?eueea ?ac?a. Ia iniia?
aaciai? iia?aoe?? “i?ae?aooiie e?eueeino? iaeeieoeue o aea?eeiaiio
eiae?” ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie anioe?aoeaii-eia?/ii? ia?iaee, ui
caaacia/othoue ?aae?caoe?th a?aeiia?aeiiai eeano caaea/. Aeiaaaeaii, ui
aeaye? eeane aeai?eoi?a, cie?aia aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaiiai oeio,
iiaeooue aooe cai?iai? iae?iiia?aoi?aie, ui ia iathoue iaiaaeaiue ca
e?euee?noth ia’?aeioth/eo eiiaiae. ?ioeie neiaaie, a eean? oaeeo
aeai?eoi?a iiaeia ?aae?coaaoe iaiaiaaeaio aaaaoiiia?aiaeio ia?iaeo.
7. Noi?ioeueiaaia ? ?ica’ycaia caaea/a ?aae?caoe?? iae?iiia?aoi?a
caaaeueiiai oeio ca /an, iaioee i?ae i?e aeeiiaii? aea?aaeaioieo
ia/eneaiue, ye aeiaaaeaiiy oaeoi?o aeinoaoiino? canoinoaaiiy
aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee. Aeiaaaeaiiy a?oioo?oueny ia canoinoaaii?
?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iiai eiaeoaaiiy, ca yeiai eiaeiee iaioeueiaee
?ic?yae aea?eeiaiai /enea caieno?oueny ye eiaa?eoi a?ae aaae aea?eeiaiai
neiaieo a oeueiio ?ic?yae?. Oaea cia?aaeaiiy aeaieo ? c?o/iei aia?aoii
aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ye aaeeoeaii-ioeueoeie?eaoeaieo,
oae ? caeaaeiinoae caaaeueiiai oeio.
8. ?ic?iaeaii iniiae ?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/ii? eiii’thoa?ii? a?eoiaoeee,
ye? iathoue oae? oa?aeoa?enoeee: eiae cia/iiai ?ic?yaeo aecia/a? eiai
iieiaeaiiy a iia?aoe?eiiio na?aaeiaeu?, ui aeicaiey? ?aae?coaaoe
iia?aoe?? aeaieo c n-th ?ic?yaei?noth a iia?aoe?eieo aoceao c log2 (n+1)
?ic?yaei?noth; ca?eueoo?oueny ae?aiacii i?aaenoaaeaiiy aeaieo ia
o?e-/ioe?e ii?yaeee, ui aeicaiey? ca?eueoeoe oi/i?noue ia?iaee AII i?e
aeei?enoaii? a?aeiia?aeiiai i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy; iiaeeeai
i?aai?coaaoe iacaeaaeio ii?ic?yaeio ia?iaeo aeaieo, ai
?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/ia cia?aaeaiiy aeaieo ia? aeanoea?noue
iaiiceoe?eiino?. Oai?aoe/i? oa i?aeoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoi?/iiai cia?aaeaiiy iiaeooue neeanoe iiaee iai?yiie o
?ic?iaoe? AII oa nenoai i?aeaeuaii? oaeaeeiae?? oa oi/iino? ia?iaee.
9. ?ic?iaeaii no?oeoo?ii-iia?aoe?eiee aacen aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee.
Cai?iiiiiaaii oaeaeeiae?th/? aaaaoiiia?aiaei? i?eno?i?, aocee oa
no?oeoo?e, eio?? iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? ye aaoiiiii? aeiee, i?eeaaee
oa i?eno?i?, a oaeiae o neeaae? i?ioeani?iiai yae?a AII. Cai?iiiiiaai?
oaoi?/i? ??oaiiy caaacia/othoue ??aaiue i?iaeoeoeaiino?
aaaaoiiia?aiaeieo no?oeoo?, yeee aeecueeee aei aneiioioe/ieo iieaciee?a.
Ieoaiiy i?ia?aioaaiiy iiaeo no?oeoo? oa ?o oaoi?/ia ?aae?caoe?y ia
iio?aaothoue i?eioeeiiai iiaeo oaoiieia?e ? a?aei?aoeueiaoaaeenue i?e
aeeiiaii? ?yaeo oai oa aeiaiai??a, ui ? aeiaaaeaiiyi ?o i?aeoe/iiai
canoinoaaiiy, a oaeiae aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee a oe?eiio.
Oaeei /eiii, io?eiai? a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ?acoeueoaoe aeicaieythoue
c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui cae?eniaia ?ic?iaea iiaeo oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue,
noeoii?noue yeeo iiaeia eaae?o?eoaaoe ye iiaa cia/ia aeinyaiaiiy a
?icaeoeo oai???, aeai?eoi?a oa no?oeoo? aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo cania?a
ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee ? ye? iiaeooue aeei?enoiaoaaoenue i?e ?ic?iaoe?
AII, nenoai, cania?a aaoiiaoeee.
INIIAI? IIEIAEAIIss AeENA?OAOe?? IIOAE?EIAAI? A OAEEO I?AOessO:
1. Aaiathi A.I. I ?acaeoee iiiaiiia?aiaeiuo au/eneeoaeueiuo no?oeoo? //
ONeI. — 1990. — ? 4. — N. 31-33.
2. Aaiathi A.I. I?aaiecaoeey iae?iiia?aoi?iie ia?aaioee a
iiiaiiia?aiaeiuo au/eneeoaeueiuo no?oeoo?ao // ONeI. — 1995. — ? 6. —
N.17-24.
3. Iaeeiianeee A.I., Aaiathi A.I., Oe?i/ei N.A. Eniieueciaaiea
aeai?eoiia iieooaaee/iie a?eoiaoeee a neaiaeueiuo i?ioeanni?ao
eiiaaea?iiai oeia // ONeI. — 1988. — ? 5. — N.10-12.
4. Aaiathi A.I. Niinia onei?aiiiai i?aia?aciaaiey iiiai?yaeiiai eiaea a
iaeii?yaeiue // ONeI. — 1995. — ? 4/5. — N.10-14.
5. Aaiathi A.I. Iaoiae iiiaiiia?aiaeiiai oiiiaeaiey // ONeI. — 1994. — ?
4/5. — N.57-61.
6. Aaiathi A.I. Iaoiae ia?aeeaeueiiai au/eneaiey noaiaiae // ONeI. —
1994. — ? 1/2. — N.10-13.
7. Aaiathi A.I. Iaoiae ?aaeecaoeee iae?iiia?aoi?ia n aeaeaieai // ONeI.
— 1993. — ? 2. — N.25-29.
8. Aaiathi A.I. Iae?iiia?aoi?iia au/eneaiea iieeiiia // I?iaeaiu
oi?aaeaiey e eioi?iaoeee. — 1995. — ? 5. — N.91-98.
9. Aaiathi A.I. I?eiaiaiea ?ac?yaeii-eiaa?eoie/aneiai i?aaenoaaeaiey
aeaiiuo aeey ?aaeecaoeee iia?aoeee oiiiaeaiey, aicaaaeaiey a noaiaiue,
ecaea/aiey ei?iy // Yeaeo?iiiia iiaeaee?iaaiea. — 1997 — ? 5. — N.70-79.
10. Aaiathi A.I. Iiauoaiea oi/iinoe au/eneaiee i?e
?ac?yaeii-eiaa?eoie/aneii i?aaenoaaeaiee aeaiiuo // Eeaa?iaoeea e
nenoaiiue aiaeec. —1997. — ? 1. — N.21-37.
11. Aaiathi A.I. I?aaiecaoeey au/eneaiee i?e ?ac?yaeii-eiaa?eoie/aneii
i?aaenoaaeaiee aeaiiuo // ONeI. — 1996. — ? 3. — N.3-7.
12. Aaiathi A.I. Iae?iiia?aoi?iay i?aaiecaoeey au/eneaiee n
i?aia?aciaaieai iiiai?yaeiiai eiaea // ONeI. — 1997. — ? 4/5. — C.20-23.
13. Aaiathi A.I. I i?aiaeieaiee caaeneiinoe ii aeaiiui i?e au/eneaieyo
ia iiiaiiia?aiaeiuo no?oeoo?ao // ONeI. — 1998. ? 1. — C.35-39.
15. Aaiathi A.I. I?i ?aaeicaoeith ioa?aoeaieo ia/enethaaiue //
I?iaeaiii-i?eaioe?iaaiiua eiiieaenu aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee eiio?iey e
oi?aaeaiey. — Eeaa.: Ei-o eeaa?iaoeee ei.A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?aeiu. —
1995. — N.79-83.
16. Aaiathi A.I. I auai?a iia?aoeeiiiiai aacena eiae/aneeo no?oeoo? //
Iee?ii?ioeanni?iay oaoieea. — Eeaa.: Ei-o eeaa?iaoeee ei.A.I.Aeooeiaa AI
Oe?aeiu. — 1992. — N.30-35.
17. Aaiathi A.I. I i?eiaiaiee iae?iiia?aoi?iie ia?aaioee // Oaoie/aneea
e i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa nenoai yeieiae/aneiai iiieoi?eiaa. — Eeaa.: Ei-o
eeaa?iaoeee ei.A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?aeiu. — 1994. — N.53-58.
18. Aaiathi A.I. Ia iaeiii iiaeoiaea e i?aaiecaoeee iiiaiiia?aiaeiuo
au/eneaiee // Oaoie/aneea e i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa yeieiae/aneiai,
iaaeeei-aeieiae/aneiai e i?iiuoeaiiiai iiieoi?eiaa. — Eeaa.: Ei-o
eeaa?iaoeee ei.A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?aeiu. — 1996. — N.71-74.
19. Aaiathi A.I. I?ia?aiie?iaaiea iiiaiiia?aiaeiuo no?oeoo? // Iia?oi?
caniae ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee a nenoaiao aaoiiaoecaoe??, eiio?ieth oa
ea?oaaiiy. — Ee?a.: ?i-o e?aa?iaoeee ?i.A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie. —
1998. — N. 7-12.
20. Aaiathi A.I. Eiioeaioeey iiiaiiia?aiaeiie ia?aaioee. — Eeaa, 1997. —
30 n. — (I?ai?./IAI Oe?aeiu. Ei-o eeaa?iaoeee ei. A.I.Aeooeiaa; 97-8).
Aaiathi A.I. Oai?aoe/ii iniiae, aeai?eoie oa no?oeoo?e aaaaoiiia?aiaeii?
ia?iaee. — ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoeiy ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoii/ieo iaoe ca
niaoeiaeuei?noth 05.13.13 — ia/enethaaeuei? iaoeie, nenoaie oa ia?aae?.
Iinoeooo eiaa?iaoeee iiaii A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.
Cai?iiiiiaaii oa ?ic?iaeaii oai?aoe/ii iniiae aaaaoiiia?aiaeii? ia?iaee
a caniaao oeeo?iai? ia/enethaaeueii? oaoiiee. O ?iaioi ?icaeiooi iiaee
iai?yi a i?aaiicaoei? ia/enethaaeueiiai i?ioeano oa ia/enethaaeueieo
no?oeoo?, caniiaaiee ia caieueoaiii ooieoe?e ia?iaee a iia?aoeieiiio
na?aaeiaeu?. Anoaiiaeaii, ui canoinoaaiiy oaei? ia?iaee aeicaiey?
iieiioeoe ?yae oaeoi?ia, ui aecia/athoue aenieo ?aaeueio
i?iaeoeoeai?noue AII oa nenoai. ?ic?iaeaii a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoii/iee
aacen oa aaaaoiiia?aiaeii no?oeoo?e, aeniea aoaeoeaiinoue yeeo
iiaeoaa?aeaeaia aenia?eiaioaeueii.
Eeth/iai neiaa: aaaaoiiia?aiaeia ia?iaea, aaaaoiiia?aiaeiee iia?aoeieiee
aeaiaio, aaaaoiiia?aiaeia eiiaiaea, iae?iiia?aoi?,
?ic?yaeii-eiaa?eoii/ia eiaeoaaiiy, ii?ic?yaeia ie?aoai?aiiy.
Aaiathi A.I. Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau, aeai?eoiu e no?oeoo?u
iiiaiiia?aiaeiie ia?aaioee. — ?oeiienue. Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea
o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a oaoie/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.13.13 —
au/eneeoaeueiua iaoeiu, nenoaiu e naoe. Einoeooo eeaa?iaoeee eiaie
A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.
I?aaeeiaeaiu e ?ac?aaioaiu oai?aoe/aneea iniiau iiiaiiia?aiaeiie
ia?aaioee a n?aaenoaao oeeo?iaie au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee. A ?aaioa
?acaeaaaony iiaia iai?aaeaiea a i?aaiecaoeee au/eneeoaeueiiai i?ioeanna
e au/eneeoaeueiuo no?oeoo?, iniiaaiiia ia oe?oiiaiiie ooieoeee ia?aaioee
a iia?aoeeiiiie n?aaea. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?eiaiaiea oaeie ia?aaioee
iicaieyao oeo/oeoue ?yae oaeoi?ia, ii?aaeaeythueo aunieoth ?aaeueioth
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue YAI e nenoai. ?ac?aaioaiu
a?eoiaoeei-aeai?eoie/aneee aacen e iiiaiiia?aiaeiua au/eneeoaeueiua
no?oeoo?u, aunieay yooaeoeaiinoue eioi?uo iiaeoaa?aeaeaia
yenia?eiaioaeueii.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iiiaiiia?aiaeiay ia?aaioea, iiiaiiia?aiaeiue
iia?aoeeiiiue yeaiaio, iiiaiiia?aiaeiay eiiaiaea, iae?iiia?aoi?,
?ac?yaeii-eiaa?eoie/aneia eiaee?iaaiea, ii?ac?yaeiia i?aia?aciaaiea.
Gamayun V.P. The theoretical basis, algorithms and structures of the
multioperand processing.- Manuscript.
Thesis for doctor’s degree by speciality 05.13.13.- computers, systems
and networks. The Institute of Cybernetic named after V.M.Glushkov of
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 1999. The theoretical
basis of the multioperand processing are proposed and designed. A new
direction of the organization of the computing processing and computing
structure based on increasing of processing function in operational
sphere is developed. There is established that applying of this
processing it permits to improve set of factors for high real
performance of the computers and systems. High effectivity of the
designed arithmetic-algorithms basis and multioperand structures is
confirmed experimentally.
Key words: multioperand processing, multioperand operational element,
multioperand instruction, macrooperator, bit-logarithm coding, bit
transformation.
I?aei. aei ae?oe. 31.03.99. Oi?iao 6084/16. Iai?? ion. Ion.ae?oe.
Oi.ae?oe.a?e. 1,86. Oi.oa?ai-a?aea. 2,09. Iae.-aeae.a?e. 2,0. Cai. 57.
Oe?aae 100 i?ei.
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?aaeaeoe?eii-aeaeaaie/ee a?aeae?e c iie?a?ao?/iith ae?eueieoeath
?inoeoooo e?aa?iaoeee ?iai? A.I.Aeooeiaa IAI Oe?a?ie 252022 Ee?a 22,
i?iniaeo Aeaaeai?ea Aeooeiaa, 40
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