OE?A?INUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
OA?*IAEO OAOIIEIA?E
OAeE 664.154.165
NIEIA(ssI*EE ?AI? AANEEUeIAE*
OAeINEIIAEAIIss OAOIIEIA?? O?OEOICIIAI NE?IIO
05.18.05 – Oaoiieia?y oeoe?enoeo ?a/iaei
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
EE?A 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oe?a?inueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? oa?/iaeo
oaoiieia?e I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeia? ea??aieee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aeaaeai?e OAAI
Aoeee ?aai Noaiaiiae/, ?aeoi? OAeOOO;
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ?aaa Eaii?ae Iaaeiae/, OAeOOO, i?ioani?
eaoaae?e oaoiieia?? oeoe?enoeo ?a/iaei.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aeaaeai?e A?I Iaie
Aaea??e Aai?ai?iiae/, OAeOOO, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?ce/ii? ? eiei?aeii?
o?i??;
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee O?aa?i Eaii?ae
?aaiiae/, ?inoeooo oaoi?/ii? oaieio?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie
I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y: ?inoeooo i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? ?
ia?ai?aeaioiaee ea??aieo i?aoe?aiee?a ? niaoe?ae?no?a oa?/iai? oa
ia?a?iaii? i?iieneiaino? I?i?noa?noaa aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno
Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 24 aa?aciy 1999 ?. i 14 aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.058.04 Oe?a?inueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e ca aae?anith:
252033, Ee?a-33, aoe. Aieiaeeie?nueea, 68, ei?ion A, aoaeeoi??y A-331.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? Oe?a?inueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee (_22_( __ethoiai__1999 ?ieo.
Nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.058.04, e.o.i., n.i.n.
E.I. Oaaei?ai/aiei
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Caaeiaieaiiy c?inoath/eo aeiia noni?euenoaa aei
a?eueo caei?iaiai niiniao aeeooy aeiaaa? aoaeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy ieoaiiy
noai?aiiy oaoiieia?e i?iaeoeo?a i?io?eaeoe/iiai oa?/oaaiiy. Iniaeeai
aeooaeueii oea ia Oe?a?i? o ca`yceo c caaaeueiei iia??oaiiyi
aeieia?/ii? neooaoe?? (a oiio /ene? ?aae?aoe?eii?). A oeueiio
a?aeiioaii?, ia?niaeoeaiei iai?yieii a oa?/ia?e i?iieneiaino? ?
ae?iaieoeoai o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a, ye? iiaeooue noaoe aeueoa?iaoeaieie
oeoe?ii?iaeoeoaie. Caaaeyee oiio, ui o?oeoica ia? ?yae niaoeeo?/ieo
aeanoeainoae: i?aeaeuaia nieiaee?noue a ii??aiyii? ?c oeoe?icith,
caeaoi?noue i?aeneethaaoe niae oa caiao oa?/iaeo i?iaeoeo?a, caiia?aaiiy
/a?noa?iith eiiaeeoa?nueeeo ae?ia?a, oea aeicaiey? oni?oii cai?ieoe
oeoe?ico a aacaeeiaieuei?e, eiina?ai?e, eiiaeeoa?nuee?e ? ?ioeo
aaeocyo, aea o?aaeeoe?eii aeei?enoiao?oueny oeoei?. Oa?/ia?
i?aenieiaeaeoaa/? ia iniia? o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a iio??ai? i?e ae?iaieoeoa?
i?iaeoeo?a ae??oe/iiai oa aeeoy/iai oa?/oaaiiy. E??i oiai, canai?iiy
o?oeoice i?aai?ciii a?aeaoaa?oueny aac o/ano? ?inoe?io, ui ?iaeoue ??
iaiao?aeiith aeey oai?eo oeoe?iaei ae?aaaoii, yeeo a Oe?a?i? ca aeaieie
IIC ia?aoiao?oueny aeecueei iaeiiai i?eueeiia /ieia?e. O NOA oa e?a?iao
?a?iie a ?acoeueoao? ia`?aeiaieo coneeue oaoiieia?a, iaaeee?a oa
o?iaineno?a iaeaaiaeaeaii aeione iiiaae 30 aeae?a oeoe?enoeo i?iaeoeo?a,
aeiey o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a noaiiaeoue 18-22% aei ae?iaieoeoaa oeoe?ice ?
i?iaeiaaeo? c?inoaoe. Iniiaith aeey i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa o?oeoice
oa aenieio?oeoicieo ne?ii?a caei?aeiiii ? ia?aaaaeii e?ioiaeaai?nia
ne?iaeia, oii?iaiao?, oeoe?ica oa iai?ai?iaeoeoe oeoe?iaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa. Aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy o??? /e ?ioi? ne?iaeie
aecia/a?oueny, ye i?aaeei, niaoeeo?eith aa?a?iiai eiiieaeno eiaeii?
e?a?ie, a c?inoaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa o?oeoice oa o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a –
oe?iith ia oeoe?ico.
A Oe?a?i? oa e?a?iao NIAe o?oeoica oa aenieio?oeoici? ne?iie a
i?iieneiaeo ianooaaao ia ae?iaey?oueny ? aeey iio?aa aaiceoueny ?c
caei?aeiio.
Aeey oiia Oe?a?ie, e?a?ie ui aaea ia? aaeeeo e?euee?noue ao?yeioeoe?iaeo
caaiae?a, iaea?eueo aeioe?eueiei ? ae?iaieoeoai o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a ?c
iaeyne ao?yeioeoe?iaeo caaiae?a — a?aeiinii aeaoaai? ne?iaeie, ui ? a
aeinoaoi?e e?eueeino?. Aiane?aeie i?iieneiaiai inai?iiy oaoiieia??
o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a ?c iaeyne ie??i io?eiaiiy iiaiai i?io?eaeoe/iiai
i?iaeoeoo a nioe?aeuei?e noa?? aoaeooue noai?ai? oiiae aeey cae?eniaiiy
iinooiiai? ?aeiino?oeoe?? iaeiia?niaeoeaieo ao?yeioeoe?iaeo caaiae?a,
aeinyaiaiiy a?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy ne?iaeie ? a?aeoai?aiiy
caiaeueieo ?ano?n?a, ye? caeiyo? i?ae oeoe?iaeie ao?yeaie.
Aeioe?euei?noue oa nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
oaoiieia?? o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny na?oiaith i?aeoeeith.
Ca‘ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeeiioaaeanue
ye i?iaeiaaeaiiy iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe ia oaio “?ic?iaea ? inai?iiy
oaoiieia?? io?eiaiiy e?enoae?/ii? o?oeoice, aetheicii-o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a
ia iniia? oa?iaioo ?iaa?oace ?c oeoe?ice ? iaeyne ao?yeioeoe?iaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa aeey aeei?enoaiiy a i?iaeoeoao e?e?aaeueii-ae??oe/iiai ?
i?io?eaeoe/iiai i?ecia/aiiy”, ui i?iaiaeeeanue a i?iaeaii?e
iaoeiai-aeine?aei?e eaai?aoi??? OAeOOO, ?01.9.10004080 aea?ae.
?a?no?aoe??,1992.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue. Iaoith ?iaioe ? iaoeiaa iaa?oiooaaiiy
oaeineiiaeaiiy iniiaieo oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a ae?iaieoeoaa
o?oeoiciiai ne?iio ?c ao?yeiai? iaeyne c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiae?a
iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa iioei?caoe?? ? ia ?o iniia? ?ic?iaea
?ano?ni- oa aia?aiiuaaeii? oaoiieia?? o?oeoiciiai ne?iio.
O ca`yceo c oeei ae??ooaaeenue oae? caaea/?:
— ii??aiyoe iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee oa a?ae?a?aoe iaea?eueo
i?inoee ? aoaeoeaiee iaoiae e?euee?niiai aecia/aiiy o?oeoice a noi?o? c
aetheicith oa iaoeoe?aie, i?eaeaoiee aeey ianiaeo aiae?c?a a
caaiaenuee?e eaai?aoi???;
— iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/iiai ieaioaaiiy aenia?eiaio?a i?e a?aooaaii?
iniiaieo oaoiieia?/ieo oaeoi??a ?ic?iaeoe iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue nooiaith
oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice iaeynieo ?ic/ei?a oa anoaiiaeoe
iioeiaeuei? eiai ia?aiao?e;
— aeine?aeeoe o?ceei-o?i?/i? aeanoeaino? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?c
canoinoaaiiyi no/anieo o?ceei-o?i?/ieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue,
aecia/eoe i?i?iaeuei? aeo?aoe aaiia ia inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoice oa
o?eaae?noue i?ioeano;
— ?ic?iaeoe niin?a caouaiiy o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio oeyoii eiai /anoeiai?
?aoee?eoeyoe?? ia ?icaaaeaiiy inaaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ia?aae
naoo?aoe??th, oa aeine?aeeoe e?iaoeeo eoaeiiai ?iceeaaeo o?oeoice a
oiiaa naoo?aoe?? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th i?e ??cieo oaiia?aoo?ao;
— c iaoith aeiiii?? aeo?ao aeiiii?aeieo aaeni?aoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a
aeine?aeeoe oa a?ae?a?aoe aoaeoeai? ni?aaioe aeey i/euaiiy oa
ciaaa?aeaiiy o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a;
— aeey ciaioaiiy ao?ao o?oeoice a?ae oa?i?/iiai ?iceeaaeo i?e
aeia?thaaii? o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a ?ic?iaeoe oaoiieia?/io noaio oa
eiino?oeoe?th aoaeoeaiiai aia?aoo, ae?th/iai i?e iecueeeo oaiia?aoo?ao
i?ioeano;
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe :
— ?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice,
ui aeeth/a? iniiai? oaeoi?e: eiioeaio?aoe?th oeoe?ice, aeo?aoe
?iaa?oaciiai i?aia?aoo, o?eaae?noue ? oaiia?aoo?o i?ioeano oa
anoaiiaeaii iioeiaeuei? eiai ia?aiao?e;
— iaoiaeaie ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai aiae?co oa aeaeo?iiii? i?e?ineii??
anoaiiaeai? iioeiaeuei? aeo?aoe NaI ia inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoice o oi?i?
o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?c ?iaa?oiaaieo iaeynieo ?ic/ei?a, ui
caaacia/othoue aeaeaeaiiy 88-89.8% o?oeoicaoo a?ae oai?aoe/ii
iiaeeeaiai, oa i?i?iaeueii iaiao?aeio o?eaae?noue i?ioeano;
— oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaaii oa aenia?eiaioaeueii i?aeoaa?aeaeaii
aoaeoeai?noue niiniao iiia?aaeiueiai eiioeaio?oaaiiy o?oeoice o ?ic/ei?
i?ney naoo?aoe?? ? o?eueo?oaaiiy aei 25-27% oeyoii eiai ?aoee?eoeyoe??
ia ?icaaaeaiiy inaaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th (iaoaio Oe?a?ie ?24797A);
— aecia/aii iaea?eueo aoaeoeai? aeey i/euaiiy oa ciaaa?aeaiiy
o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a aeaoaa? i?e?iaei? ni?aaioe – aaioii?oia? aeeie,
aeo?aoe yeeo aeecueei 1% aei iane ?ic/eio caaacia/othoue aoaeo
ciaaa?aeaiiy ia iaioa 30%;
— cai?iiiiiaaii eiino?oeoe?th ie?aeiaiai aeia?iiai aia?aoo aeey
caouaiiy o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio aei ne?iio i?e a?aeiinii iecueeeo
oaiia?aoo?ao (60-70(N) ? i?i?iaeueieo ao?aoao o?oeoice a?ae oa?i?/iiai
?iceeaaeo (iaoaio Oe?a?ie ? 24763A);
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Ia iniia? oai?aoe/ieo ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue oaeineiiaeaii oaoiieia?th o?oeoiciiai
ne?iio a iai?yieo nooo?ai? aeiiii?? iaoa??aeueieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo
?ano?n?a.
Ia i?eioi?e onoaiiaoe? i?iaeaiii? iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? eaai?aoi??? OAeOOO
?ic?iaeaii ? ia?aa??aii iioeiaeuei? oaoiieia?/i? ?aaeeie io?eiaiiy
o?oeoiciiai ne?iio i?e i?i?iaeueieo aeo?aoao aeiiii?aeieo iaoa??ae?a. Ia
aeine?aeii-i?iieneia?e onoaiiaoe?, ciiioiaai?e ia Aaeeei-Ieoya?nueeiio
oeoe?iaiio caaiae?, i?iaaaeaii i?iieneia? aei?iaoaaiiy oaoiieia??
o?oeoiciiai ne?iio, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue ?? aeioe?euei?noue oa
aoaeoeai?noue; io?eiaii aeine?aeio ia?o?th o?oeoiciiai ne?iio, yea
i?ieoea oni?oi? nai?oa?ii-aaeoa??ieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
?aeiiaiaeiaaia aeey aeei?enoaiiy a oa?/ia?e i?iieneiaino?.
I/?eoaaiee aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaeineiiaeaii?
oaoiieia?? noaiiaeoue 10,55 iei. a?i. a oe?iao 1998 ?ieo ia ??e.
Nioe?aeueiee aoaeo iieyaa? a ?icoe?aii? ani?oeiaioo oeoe?enoeo ?a/iaei
oeyoii ae?iaieoeoaa iiaiai oa?/iaiai i?iaeoeoo – o?oeoiciiai ne?iio, oa
caaeiaieaii? c?inoath/eo iio?aa ianaeaiiy Oe?a?ie a i?iaeoeoao
ae??oe/iiai oa?/oaaiiy.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a i?iaaaeaii? oai?aoe/ieo oa
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ii noaae?yo io?eiaiiy o?oeoiciiai
ne?iio, ocaaaeueiaii?, iaa?oiooaaii? ? ioae?eaoe?? io?eiaieo
?acoeueoao?a, ?o ai?iaaoe??, ?ic?iaoe? oaoiieia??, o/ano? a caaiaenueeeo
aei?iaoaaiiyo oa ?ic?iaoe? eiino?oeoe?? aaeooi-aeia?iiai aia?aoo aeey
eiioeaio?oaaiiy ?ic/ei?a o?oeoice aei ne?iio.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ?iaioe iaaiai?thaaeenue ? aoee
noaaeai? ia eaoaae?? oaoiieia?? oeoe?enoeo ?a/iaei, aeiiia?aeaeenue ia
61, 63, ? 64-?e iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo OAeOOO, ia I?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ic?iaeaiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
i?ia?aneaieo ?ano?niiuaaeieo oaoiieia?e oa iaeaaeiaiiy a oa?/iao oa
ia?a?iaio i?iieneia?noue”, Ee?a, 21-24 aeiaoiy 1997?., ia I?aeia?iaei?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Iaoea ? ina?oa 98”, Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 28-30 ea?oiy 1998?.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iioae?eiaaii 7 ?ia?o, a
oiio /ene? iaea?aeaii 2 iaoaioe Oe?a?ie.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?th aeeeaaeaii ia 146 noi??ieao
ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, 7 ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a,
nieneo e?oa?aoo?e oa aeiaeaoe?a. I?noeoue 35 ?enoie?a, 20
oaaeeoeue, 7 aeiaeaoe?a. Nienie e?oa?aoo?e neeaaea?oueny ?c 152
a?ae?ia?ao?/ieo aeaea?ae.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? oa ia?oiio ?icae?e? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, aecia/aia iaoa aeine?aeaeaiue, oa ia iniia?
a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae i?iaiae?ciaaii noai
oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue c ieoaiue io?eiaiiy
o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a ?c oeoe?aai?nii? ne?iaeie. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia
?iaioai, a yeeo aena?oeai? ieoaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a
eaeueoe?eo?oeoicaoieie iaoiaeaie, cie?aia ?c iaeyne ao?yeioeoe?iaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa. Naia oea aeicaieeei noi?ioethaaoe iaoo aeine?aeaeaiue oa
?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeee i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaio?a.
?icae?e 2 (Ia(?eoe oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue( i?noeoue caaaeueio noaio
i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue, iienai? eaai?aoi?ia onoaiiaea,
o?ceei-o?i?/i? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue, cie?aia iaoiaee aeaeo?iiii?
i?e?ineii?? oa ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai aiae?co. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia
iaoiaeai e?euee?niiai aecia/aiiy o?oeoice. Oai?aoe/ieie ? eaai?aoi?ieie
aeine?aeaeaiiyie aeyaeaii, ui aeey e?euee?niiai aecia/aiiy o?oeoice a
i?enooiino? aetheice oa iaoeoe??a iaeyniiai ?ic/eio iaea?eueo oi/iei,
i?aaeeueiei ? i?eaeaoiei aeey ianiaeo aiae?c?a ?
a?aeiiaii-iiey?eiao?e/iee iaoiae Iaouethna.
?icae?e 3 “Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioeano oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice
iaeyniiai ?ic/eio” i?enay/aiee aea/aiith caeiiii??iinoae i?ioeano ?
noai?aiith iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice
iaeyniiai ?ic/eio, ui aeeth/a? iniiai? oaeoi?e: eiioeaio?aoe?th
oeoe?ice, aeo?aoe ?iaa?oaciiai i?aia?aoo, o?eaae?noue oa oaiia?aoo?o
i?ioeano.
C aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo ieaioaaiiy aenia?eiaioo aoea io?eiaia
iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue, yea ia? ianooiiee aeaeyae:
aea X1 = Cx 0 / 25, X2 = Z / 2,5, X3 = t / 25, X4 = ( /
10
Z – aeo?aoe ?iaa?oace,( a iaaeao 3-5 iae/a. oeoe?ice);
t – oaiia?aoo?a, (a iaaeao 55-65(N);
( – o?eaae?noue i?ioeano a?ae?ie?co, ( a iaaeao 12-18 aiae).
Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue aeicaiey? cae?enithaaoe
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai? ?ic?aooiee oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice i?e
cia/iiio nei?i/aii? o?eaaeino? i?ioeano.
O ?icae?e? 4 “Aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo oiia inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoice o oi?i?
o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th” i?eaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioeano
inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoice aaiiii ? iioei?caoe?? eiai aeo?ao c canoinoaaiiyi
iaoiae?a ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai aiae?co oa aeaeo?iiii? i?e?ineii??.
Aiane?aeie aca?iiae?? a?ae?ieneaeo eaeueoe?th ? o?oeoice i?e iecueeeo
oaiia?aoo?ao (0-5(N) ooai?th?oueny iaei?ic/eiiee inaae o?oeoicaoo
eaeueoe?th. I?e oeueiio cia/ia e?euee?noue a?ae?ieneaeo eaeueoe?th
ni?ainaaeaeo?oueny ? ? aaeanoiith a inaae?. Aeey aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo
aeo?ao aaiia o?oeoico ?c ?iaa?oiaaieo iaeynieo ?ic/ei?a inaaeaeoaaee
??ciith eiai e?euee?noth. I?e oeueiio aeo?aoe NaI ci?ithaaee o oe?ieiio
?ioa?aae? iiey?iiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy o?oeoica : NaI – a?ae 1 : 1,2 aei
1 : 2,5.
Io?eiaiee inaae o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th aenoooaaee ? i?aeaeaaaee
?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiio aiae?co ia i?eeaae? Ae?II-2i. Ca io?eiaieie
niaeo?ia?aiaie c?ace?a o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th (?en. 1) aoee ?ic?aoiaai?
aeeo?aeoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee, ye? ii??aithaaee ?c aeeo?aeoe?eieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie aoaeiiiiai o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, NaI, NaNI3 ? Na(II)2.
Io?eiai? aeai? i?aaenoaaeai? ia ?en.2, c yeiai aeaeii, ui iioeiaeuei?
aeo?aoe NaI ia inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoice o oi?i? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?c
?iaa?oiaaieo iaeynieo ?ic/ei?a noaiiaeyoue 46-47.5% NaI aei iane
o?oeoice ( iiey?ia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy o?oeoica : NaI = 1 : 1,5 – 1 : 1,75)
? caaacia/othoue aeaeaeaiiy 88-89,5 % o?oeoice a?ae oai?aoe/ii
iiaeeeaiai. I?e oeueiio e?euee?noue ni?ainaaeaeaiiai aaeanoiiai
a?ae?ieneaeo eaeueoe?th noaiiaeoue 6,5-19,5% aei iane ooai?aiiai inaaeo.
I?e a?eueoeo aeo?aoao aaiia ia niinoa??aa?oueny nooo?aiai i?aeaeuaiiy
aeoiaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, a c?inoaiiy iane inaaeo ia? i?noea ca
?aooiie ni?ainaaeaeaiiy aaeanoiiai Na(II)2.
Ine?eueee c /anii o?oeoicao eaeueoe?th cacia? cia/ieo ci?i (a?ae?ie?co?
? ?iceeaaea?oueny), aoee i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ii aecia/aiith
i?e?ino?oeoo?e inaaeo ia i?ioyc? anueiai i?ioeano. Inaaeaeaiiy
o?oeoicaoo i?iaiaeeee i?e anoaiiaeaieo aeo?aoao aaiia ia i?ioyc? 90
oaeeei. *a?ac eiaei? 10 oaeeei a?aeae?aee i?iao ? i?iaiaeeee eiai i?e?i
oioiceiieo. Iaeneiaeuei? ?ici??e e?enoae?a o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?
iaee?au? naaeeiaioaoe?ei? ? o?eueo?aoe?ei? aeanoeaino? inaaeo
aeinyaathoueny i?e o?eaaeino? i?ioeano inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoice aaiiii 30-40
oaeeei. I?e iaio?e o?eaaeino? o inaae? ciaoiaeeoueny cia/ia e?euee?noue
“ioee” – ae??aieo e?enoae?a o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, ye? i?e
o?eueo?oaaii? ia?aoiaeyoue o o?eueo?ao ? i?ecaiaeyoue aei cia/ieo ao?ao
o?oeoicaoo. I?e o?eaaeino? i?ioeano iiiaae 50 oaeeei a?aeaoaa?oueny
a?ae?ie?c o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, iane?aeeii yeiai ? i?aeaeuai? ao?aoe
o?oeoice a?ae eoaeiiai ?iceeaaeo.
O ?icae?e? 5 “Aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo ?aaeei?a i?ioeano ?iceeaaeo
o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ae?ieneaeii aoaeaoeth” aeine?aeaeoaaany i?ioean
naoo?aoe?? noniaic?? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th c iaoith ca?eueiaiiy
o?oeoice, aecia/aii eiai iioeiaeueiee oaiia?aoo?iee ?aaeei, anoaiiaeai?
ao?aoe o?oeoice a?ae eoaeiiai ?iceeaaeo oa a naoo?aoe?eiiio inaae?.
Oaeiae aeieacaia aoaeoeai?noue ? ?ic?iaeaii niin?a iiia?aaeiueiai
eiioeaio?oaaiiy o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a i?ney naoo?aoe?? ? o?eueo?oaaiiy
oeyoii eiai ?aoee?eoeyoe?? ia ?icaaaeaiiy o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th.
I?e i?aeaeuai?e oaiia?aoo?? i?ioeano naoo?aoe?? (500N ? aeua) ia? i?noea
?ioaineaiee ?iceeaae o?oeoice. I?e iecueeeo oaiia?aoo?ao (0-10(N)
?iceeaae o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ae?ieneaeii aoaeaoeth c ooai?aiiyi
ea?aiiaoo eaeueoe?th a?aeaoaa?oueny aeoaea iia?eueii, ?icoyao?oueny a
/an? i?ioean naoo?aoe??, aei oiai ae o?oeoicao eaeueoe?th
?iceeaaea?oueny ia iiai?noth, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei i?aeaeuaieo ao?ao
o?oeoice o o?eueo?aoe?eiiio inaae? (a aeaeyae? iai?i?aaaiaaiiai
o?oeoicaoo). Ia ?en. 4 i?aaenoaaeaii caeaaei?noue eieuei?iaino?
o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio a?ae oaiia?aoo?e naoo?aoe??. I?iaaaeai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? iiaa?iaiiy ia i?eaiooaaiiy noniaic??
o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th /anoeie ?ic/eio o?oeoice i?ney naoo?aoe?? ?
o?eueo?aoe?? eiioeaio?aoe??th 10-26%. Caaaeyee oeueiio i?ae /an
?iceeaaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ae?ieneaeii aoaeaoeth o?oeoica ?c
niieoee ia?aoiaeeoue o ?ic/ei ? eiioeaio?aoe?y inoaiiueiai c?inoa? aei
17-27%. Iane?aeeii iiaa?iaiiy /anoeie ?ic/eio ? ciaioaiiy o?eaaeino?
oia?thaaiiy o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio, ao?ao o?oeoice a?ae oa?i?/iiai
?iceeaaeo, eieuei?iaino? iaea?aeaiiai ne?iio, aeo?ao ni?aaio?a ia eiai
ciaaa?aeaiiy oa ao?ao oaieiai? aia?a?? ia oia?thaaiiy. Ia ?en. 5
iieacaii aeeiai?eo i?e?inoo eiioeaio?aoe?? o?oeoice ca ?aooiie ?iceeaaeo
o?oeoicaoo i?e eiai ?icaaaeaii? aenieieiioeaio?iaaieie o?oeoicieie
?ic/eiaie. ?icaiaeeoe o?oeoicao eaeueoe?th iaiao?aeii ?ic/eiii,
eiioeaio?aoe?y o?oeoice a yeiio ia ia?aaeuo? 26 % , ine?eueee i?e
a?eueo aenie?e eiioeaio?aoe?? ? ?icaaaeaii? o ni?aa?aeiioaii? 1:1
iiaeaeueoee i?e??no eiioeaio?aoe?? o?oeoice a ?acoeueoao? naoo?aoe??
noniaic?? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th eiiiaino?oueny ?icaaaeaiiyi
o?oeoiciiai
?ic/eio aiaeith, yea aaiaeeoueny a noniaic?th ?acii c aieiaei
o?oeoicaoii.
Iiaa?iaiiy ia i?eaiooaaiiy noniaic?? ?ic/eio c eiioeaio?aoe??th o?oeoice
a?eueoa 26% iaaeioe?eueia, ine?eueee i?ecaiaeeoue aei ?icaaaeaiiy
?ic/eio — aiaea, yea aaiaeeoueny a nenoaio ?acii c aieiaei o?oeoicaoii
eaeueoe?th ?icaaaey? o?oeoiciee ?ic/ei, a o?oeoica, yea ia?aoiaeeoue a
?ic/ei i?e naoo?aoe?? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ia eiiiaino? oeueiai
?icaaaeaiiy. E??i oiai, ?icaaaeaiiy o oaeiio ni?aa?aeiioaii? aea?
iiaeeea?noue io?eioaaoe a?aenaoo?iaaiee ?ic/ei c ai?noii oaa?aei? oace
ia iaioa 20% ? i?iaiaeeoe aaeooi-o?eueo?aoe?th aac iiia?aaeiueiai
a?aenoithaaiiy noniaic?? ea?aiiaoo eaeueoe?th.
?icae?e 6 “I/euaiiy o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a” i?enay/aiee aeine?aeaeaiith
aoaeoeaiino? canoinoaaiiy i?e?iaeieo ni?aaio?a (aaioii?o?a) aeey
i/euaiiy o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a.
Eieuei?ia?noue naoo?iaaieo ?ic/ei?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae oiia i?iaaaeaiiy
iiia?aaei?o oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a ciaoiaeeoueny a iaaeao 200-300
iae.iio. aonoeie, a /enoioa — 92-93%. O?oeoiciee ne?ii iaa?oue i?ney
i/euaiiy a i?ioean? naoo?aoe?? ia? ana ae iacaaeia?euei? iieacieee
/enoioe oa eieuei?iaino?. E??i oiai, ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui ea?aiiao
eaeueoe?th ia? iaiaaeaio aaeni?aoe?eio caeaoi?noue, i?e/iio, a?i a
iniiaiiio aeaeaey? iaoeoe?e ai?iiii? i?e?iaee. Oiio, ye iaeei ?c
aa??aio?a, aoei aeine?aeaeaii iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy aeey i/euaiiy
o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a i?e?iaeieo ni?aaio?a c iine?aeoth/ei aeii/euaiiyi
aeoeaiei aoa?eeyi. Aeine?aeaeoaaeenue caeaaeiino? oaoiieia?/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a a?ae ?yaeo oaeoi??a: oaiia?aoo?e,
ai?noo nooeo ?a/iaei, ?I, o?eaaeino? ia?iaeaiiy oa e?eueeino? ni?aaioo
(aeea. oaae.1).
Oaae.1 Aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino? aaioii?oo, iio??aii? ia
i/euaiiy o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a.
Iacaa E?euee?noue aaioii?oo, % aei iane ?ic/eio
N?,
%
O?oe-oica,
%
*enoioa, %
D,
(=560 Eieuei?i-a?noue,
iae. iio. aono
Eiio?ieueiee ?ic/ei aac ia?iaeaiiy aaioii?oii
22,6
20,8
92,03
0,227
257,5
O?oeoiciee ?ic/ei, ia?iaeaiee aaioii?oii
0,2
22,5
20,8
92,44
0,168
191,8
— \\ — 0,4 22,4 20,8 92,85 0,165 188,9
— \\ — 0,6 22,3 20,7 92,83 0,156 179,4
— \\ — 0,8 22,4 20,8 92,86 0,151 172,8
— \\ — 1 22,3 20,8 93,27 0,149 171,3
— \\ — 2 22,3 20,7 92,83 0,143 164,4
— \\ — 3 22,3 20,7 92,83 0,14 160,9
— \\ — 4 22,2 20,6 92,79 0,139 158,8
Anoaiiaeaii iioeiaeuei? ia?aiao?e i?ioeano i/euaiiy o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a
aaioii?oiaeie aeeiaie: o?eaae?noue ciaoiaeeoueny a iaaeao 5-10 oaeeei,
oaiia?aoo?a – 20-70(N, aeo?aoe – 0,5-1% aei iane ?ic/eio.
?icae?e 7 “Iien oaoiieia?/ii? noaie io?eiaiiy o?oeoiciiai ne?iio oa
aiae?c aioiai? i?iaeoeoe??” i?enay/aiee ?ic?iaeaiith oa ai?iaaoe?? a
caaiaenueeeo oiiaao aaeineiiaeaii? oaoiieia?? o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a,
?ic?iaeaiith eiino?oeoe?? aeia?iiai aia?aoo aeey caouaiiy o?oeoicieo
?ic/ei?a aei ne?iio i?e iecueeeo cia/aiiyo oaiia?aoo?, a oaeiae aiae?co
aioiai? i?iaeoeoe??.
A?aeiii, ui i?e aeia?thaaii? o?oeoicieo ?ic/ei?a aei ne?iio i?e
a?aeiinii aenieeo cia/aiiyo oaiia?aoo?e (800N ? aeua) a?aeaoaa?oueny
oa?i?/iee ?iceeaae o?oeoice, iane?aeeii yeiai ? ia o?eueee cia/i? ??
ao?aoe, aea ? nooo?aa iia??oaiiy /enoioe oa eieuei?iaino? i?iaeoeoo, ui
a naith /a?ao, aeiaaa? i?aeaeuaieo aeo?ao ni?aaio?a ia ?o aeiaeaoeiaa
i/euaiiy.
Aeey caaacia/aiiy iecueeioaiia?aoo?ieo oiia aeia?thaaiiy aoei ?ic?iaeaii
eiino?oeoe?th ie?aeiaiai aaeooi-aeia?iiai aia?aoo (iaoaio Oe?a?ie
?.24763A), ui aeicaiey? i?iaiaeeoe caouaiiy o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio aei
ne?ii?a i?e iecueeeo cia/aiiyo oaiia?aoo? (aeea. ?en. 6 ).
Aeey io?eiaiiy o?oeoiciiai ne?iio a caaiaenueeeo oiiaao aoea ?ic?iaeaia
oaeineiiaeaia oaoiieia?/ia noaia (?en. 7 ).
Iaeyna ao?yeioeoe?iaiai caaiaeo iinooia? ?c ae?iaie/iai ei?iono, aai ?c
ca??iee?a a ia??iae coieiee oeoe?iaiai ae?iaieoeoaa a i??iee-aaae iaeyne
1, caaaeo?oueny ? ceeaa?oueny ii/a?aiai a oa?iaioa?e 2.
Aeey eea?iaee iaeyne aei ai?noo oeoe?o 20…25% a oa?iaioa?e ?c i??ieea
(3) iiaea?oueny iaiao?aeia e?euee?noue iiia?aaeiuei iaa??oi? aiaee. Aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co a i??ieeo ae??aeaeae?a 4
i?iaiaeeoueny ?o iiia?aaeiy i?aeaioiaea, aeey /iai a iueiai
caeeaa?oueny i?ae?a??oa aiaea ? caa?oaeathoueny noo? ae??aeaeae?.
Ai?no ia?ai?oo?oueny aei io?eiaiiy iaeii??aeii? iane, yea
ceeaa?oueny a
oa?iaioa? 2. ?I o oa?iaioa?? i?aeo?eio?oueny a iaaeao 4,5…5
iiaeaaaiiyi n??/aii? eeneioe, ui iinooia? ?c i??ieea 5.
I?ioean a?ae?ie?co ia??iaee/iee, eiai o?eaae?noue 16…20 aiaeei i?e
oaiia?aoo?? 55…65(N, yea caaacia/o?oueny iaa??aii ?ic/eio ia?iaei
eiiaeainaoii a?ae aeia?ieo aia?ao?a, ui iiaea?oueny a ni?i/eo
oa?iaioa??a.
IAA noniaic?y aeo?eio?oueny ua 10 oaeeei. Aeiaaaea aei noniaic??
iie?ae?eeai?aeo ca?eueoo? ai?no o?oeoicaoo a inaae? ia 4…5%.
Noniaic?y o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?c ?aaeoi??a ii/a?aiai ceeaa?oueny a
ca??iee 11, ca?aeee ianinii iiaea?oueny ia o?eueo?aoe?th a oeaio?eooao
aai aaeooi-o?eueo? 12. A ca??ieeo i?aeo?eio?oueny oaiia?aoo?a 0…2(N .
O?eueo?ao, ui ? aetheiciith o?aeoe??th iaaeoiaeeoue a ca??iee 13,
ca?aeee ianinii iiaea?oueny ia aetheicio e?i?th. Inaae o?oeoicaoo
eaeueoe?th i?iieaa?oueny aiaeith c oaiia?aoo?ith 0…5(N, iane/aiith
a?ae?ieneaeii eaeueoe?th, ui iiaea?oueny ?c ca??ieea 25. I?iieoee inaae
o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?c oeaio?eooae aai aaeooi-o?eueo?a iai?aaey?oueny
a ca??iee 14, eoaee aeey noniaiaeoaaiiy iiaea?oueny o?eueo?iaaiee
10-26%-e ?ic/ei o?oeoice i?ney naoo?aoe?? o ni?aa?aeiioaii? 1:1…1:1,5
aei iane inaaeo. Noniaic?y inaaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th ?c ca??ieea
14 ianinii iai?aaey?oueny a naoo?aoi? 15, aea ia?iaeth?oueny
ae?ieneaeii aoaeaoeth, ui iiaea?oueny ?c ia?aae? ?nioth/iai oeoe?iaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa. ?I i?ioeano naoo?aoe?? ciaoiaeeoueny a iaaeao 8,5…9,25,
oea caaacia/o? i?i?iaeueio e?euee?noue ?ii?a Na++ a ?ic/ei?.
Iaea?aeaia i?ney naoo?aoe?? noniaic?y iiaea?oueny ia iao?iii? o?eueo?e
16 aeey a?aeae?eaiiy ?ic/eio o?oeoice.
A?aeo?eueo?iaaiee a?ae ea?aiiaoo eaeueoe?th o?oeoiciee ?ic/ei iinooia? a
eiioaeoi? ca??ieee 17, aea a?aeaoaa?oueny i/euaiiy ?ic/eio a?ae aa?aieo
?a/iaei i?e?iaeieie ni?aaioaie, ui iiaeathoueny ?c ca??ieea 26, oa
aeoeaiei aoa?eeyi i?e ?I 4,25…4,5, ui caaacia/o?oueny iiaea/ath
n??/aii? eeneioe ?c i??ieea. *anoeia o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio aac
i?aeeeneaiiy iiaa?oa?oueny ia ?icaaaeaiiy inaaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th
ia?aae naoo?aoe??th. I?e ?ioaineaiiio ia?ai?ooaaii? ? o?eaaeino?
i?ioeano 20…30 oaeeei aeinyaa?oueny iaea?eueoee aoaeo ciaaa?aeaiiy.
Ina?oeaiee o?oeoiciee ?ic/ei ?c ca??ieea ianinii iiaea?oueny ia
o?eueo?aoe?th ia iao?iii? o?eueo?e 18, a iio?i a ca??iee 19, ca?aeee
iinooia? a aeia?iee aia?ao 20.
Io?eiaiee o aeia?iiio aia?ao? o?oeoiciee ne?ii ?c ai?noii nooeo
?a/iaei 50…55% iaaeoiaeeoue a ca??iee 21, aea
ia?iaey?oueny aeoeaiei aoa?eeyi i?ioyaii 30 oaeeei i?e ia?ai?ooaaii?
aeey caiia?aaiiy ia?iuoaaiiy eieuei?iaino?.
Ina?oeaiee ne?ii ianinii iiaea?oueny ia o?eueo?aoe?th a iao?iii?
o?eueo?e 22. A?aeo?eueo?iaaiee ciaaa?aeaiee ne?ii ?c iao?iiieo
o?eueo??a ia?aea/o?oueny a ca??iee ?iceeao 23, ca?aeee neeaaeo?oueny ia
caa??aaiiy aai a?aea?oaea?oueny niiaeeaa/ai.
Aeey a?aei?aoethaaiiy iniiaieo oaoiieia?/ieo ?aaeei?a o ae?iaie/ee nacii
1998 ?ieo ia onoaiiaoe? Aaeeei-Ieoya?nueeiai oeoe?iaiai caaiaeo
Noinueei? iaeano? aoee i?iaaaeai? i?iieneia? aei?iaoaaiiy oaoiieia??
io?eiaiiy o?oeoiciiai ne?iio. Aei?iaoaaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue ia i?eioi?e
aeine?aeii-i?iieneia?e onoaiiaoe?, ui neeaaea?oueny ?c oa?iaioa?a,
?aaeoi?a o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, naoo?aoi?a, o?eueo?oaaeueiiai
iaeaaeiaiiy, ca??iee?a oa oieiaeeeueii? onoaiiaee.
A ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaieo aei?iaoaaiue oaoiieia?? o?oeoiciiai ne?iio ia
onoaiiaoe? Aaeeei-Ieoya?nueeiai oeoe?iaiai caaiaeo aoei io?eiaii
aeine?aeio ia?o?th o?oeoiciiai ne?iio, oaoiieia?/i? iieacieee yeiai
iiaeai? a oaaeeoe? 2.
Aeey anoaiiaeaiiy i?eaeaoiino? o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a aei aaeeaaiiy
io?eiaiee a i?iieneiaeo oiiaao ne?ii aiae?coaaee ia ai?no eao?ii?a
aaaeeeo iaoae?a oa i?iaiaeeee nai?oa?ii-aaeoa??ieia?/iee aiae?c.
Oaae. 2 Oaoiieia?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee io?eiaiiai o?oeoiciiai ne?iio.
Aeo?ae o?oeoice % aei i. o?oeoice o a?ae?ie?ciaaiiio ?ic/ei? N?
Eieuei?i-a?noue iae.iio. aono Ai?no o?oe-oice, % Ai?no Ca2+, Mg2+,%
i.i?. *enoioa,
%
79,2 64,1 132,1 59 0,04 92,1
81,3
82,6
84,5
86,8
82,1 62,2
61,5
62,6
56,1
58,4 129,3
123,9
133,6
74,6
99,4 57,2
57,2
58,1
51,8
53,8 0,05
0,05
0,06
0,03
0,03 92,0
93,0
92,8
92,3
92,1
A ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui ai?no eao?ii?a
aaaeeeo iaoae?a ia ia?aaeuo? ii?ie. Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e?ia?ieia?/i?
oa?aeoa?enoeee o?oeoiciiai ne?iio a?aeiia?aeathoue OO Oe?a?ia 93-93.
Oieneeieia?/i? oa i?e?ia?ieia?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee io?eiaiiai o?oeoiciiai
ne?iio ciaoiaeyoueny a iaaeao ii?ie ? a?i ? i?eaeaoiei aei aeei?enoaiiy
a ae?iaieoeoa? oa?/eaeo i?iaeoeo?a.
CAAAEUeI? AENIIAEE OA ?AEIIAIAeAOe??
I?IIENEIAINO?
Ia iniia? iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa iioei?caoe??
i?ioean?a ?ic?iaeai? iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai? niiniae oaeineiiaeaiiy
eaeueoe?eo?oeoicaoii? oaoiieia?? o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a a iai?yieo nooo?ai?
aeiiii?? iaoa??aeueieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a: i?i?i?caoe?y aeo?ao
aaiia ia inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, iiia?aaei? caouaiiy
o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio aei aeia?thaaiiy oeyoii eiai ?aoee?eoeyoe?? ia
?icaaaeaiiy o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, canoinoaaiiy aeey i/euaiiy aoaeoeaieo
aeaoaaeo i?e?iaeieo ni?aaio?a oa ciaioaiiy ao?ao o?oeoice a?ae
oa?i?/iiai ?iceeaaeo oeyoii aeei?enoaiiy cai?iiiiiaaiiai
iecueeioaiia?aoo?iiai aeia?iiai aia?aoo.
2. Aea/ai? caeiiii??iino? i?ioeano ? noai?aia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue
oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice iaeyniiai ?ic/eio, ui aeeth/a?
iniiai? oaeoi?e: eiioeaio?aoe?th oeoe?ice, aeo?aoe ?iaa?oaciiai
i?aia?aoo, o?eaae?noue oa oaiia?aoo?o i?ioeano. Cai?iiiiiaaia
iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue aeicaiey? cae?enithaaoe iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai?
?ic?aooiee oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice i?e cia/iiio nei?i/aii?
o?eaaeino? i?ioeano, aea?ai?e oaiia?aoo?? oa caaeaieo aeo?aoao
?iaa?oace.
3. Iaoiaeaie ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai aiae?co aeiaaaeaii, ui iioeiaeueieie
aeo?aoaie aaiia aeey inaaeaeaiiy c ?iaa?oiaaieo iaeynieo ?ic/ei?a
o?oeoice ? 46,0…47,5 % NaI aei ?? iane ( iiey?ia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
o?oeoica : NaI = 1 : 1,5 – 1 : 1,75). Oea caaacia/o? aeaeaeaiiy 88-89,5
% o?oeoice a?ae oai?aoe/ii iiaeeeaiai i?e e?eueeino? ni?ainaaeaeaiiai
aaeanoiiai a?ae?ieneaeo eaeueoe?th 6,5-19,5% aei iane ooai?aiiai inaaeo.
4. Iaoiaeii i?e?ino?oeoo?iiai aiae?co anoaiiaeaii, ui iioeiaeueiith
o?eaae?noth inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th i?e aeo?aoao aaiia
46,0…47,5 % NaI ? 30-40 oaeeei, i?e oeueiio aeinyaa?oueny eiai aeo?ae
ia iaioa 88% a?ae oai?aoe/iiai i?e aeinoaoi?o naaeeiaioaoe?eieo ?
o?eueo?aoe?eieo iieacieeao.
5. Iioeiaeueiee oaiia?aoo?iee ?aaeei naoo?aoe??, i?e yeiio iathoue
i?noea i?i?iaeuei? ao?aoe o?oeoice a?ae eoaeiiai ?iceeaaeo oa a
naoo?aoe?eiiio inaae?, caaacia/o?oueny i?e oaiia?aoo?ao ia aeua 250N.
I?e oeueiio caaaeuei? ao?aoe o?oeoice ia ia?aaeuothoue 0,5% aei ?? iane
o ?ic/ei?.
6. Aeieacaii aoaeoeai?noue ? ?ic?iaeaii niin?a iiia?aaeiueiai
eiioeaio?oaaiiy o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio i?ney naoo?aoe?? ? o?eueo?oaaiiy
oeyoii eiai ?aoee?eoeyoe?? ia ?icaaaeaiiy inaaeo o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th
(Iaoaio Oe?a?ie ?24797A). I?e oeueiio eiioeaio?aoe?y o?oeoice a ?ic/ei?
ia?aae aeia?thaaiiyi aeinyaa? 25-27%, ciaioo?oueny o?eaae?noue caouaiiy
o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio aei ne?iio, ao?aoe o?oeoice oa aeo?aoe aia?aiiin??a.
7. Iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieie aeey i/euaiiy oa ciaaa?aeaiiy o?oeoicieo
?ic/ei?a, ie??i o?aaeeoe?eieo ni?aaio?a (aeoeaiiai aoa?eey), aeyaeeenue
aeaoaa? i?e?iaei? ni?aaioe (aaioii?oia? aeeie, oa ?i.), i?e aeo?aoao
yeeo aeecueei 1% aei iane ?ic/eio aoaeo ciaaa?aeaiiy noaiiaeoue ia iaioa
30%.
8. ?ic?iaeaia eiino?oeoe?y ie?aeiaiai aeia?iiai aia?aoo, ui aeicaiey?
caouoaaoe o?oeoici? ?ic/eie aei ne?iio i?e a?aeiinii iecueeeo
oaiia?aoo?ao (60-70(N) ? nooo?ai ciaioeoe ao?aoe o?oeoice a?ae
oa?i?/iiai ?iceeaaeo. Ia aeaio eiino?oeoe?th aeia?iiai aia?aoo io?eiaii
iaoaio Oe?a?ie ? 24763A .
9. A ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaieo i?iieneiaeo aei?iaoaaiue oaoiieia??
o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a ia aenia?eiaioaeuei?e onoaiiaoe?, ciiioiaai?e ia
Aaeeei-Ieoya?nueeiio oeoe?iaiio caaiae?, aoea i?aeoaa?aeaeaia
aeioe?euei?noue ? aoaeoeai?noue ia?a?iaee ao?yeiai? iaeyne ia
o?oeoiciee ne?ii a oiiaao ao?yeioeoe?iaiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Aeo?ae o?oeoice
i?e oeueiio aeinyaa? ia iaioa 79% aei iane o?oeoice o a?ae?ie?ciaaiiio
?ic/ei?. I?iaaaeai? oieneeieia?/i? oa nai?oa?ii-aaeoa??ieia?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy c?ace?a o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a na?ae/aoue i?i ?o
a?aeiia?aei?noue OO Oe?a?ia 93-93 ? iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy a
ae?iaieoeoa? oa?/iaeo i?iaeoeo?a.
Ii oai? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iioae?eiaai? ?iaioe:
1. Nieia`yi/ee ?.A., Aoeee ?.N., ?aaa E.I. I?i iaoiaee e?euee?niiai
aecia/aiiy o?oeoice i?e iayaiino? aetheice // Iaoeia? i?aoe?
Oe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e.- 1998.- ?
4.- N.83-85.
2. Nieia`yi/ee ?.A., sseiaaiei A.TH., Aoeee ?.N., ?aaa E.I. Noai?aiiy
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? i?ioeano oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice
iaeynieo ?ic/ei?a o oaoiieia?? o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a // Aeni?an-iiaeie:
iaoea, oaoi?ea, ae?iaieoeoai.- 1998.- ? 6.- N. 20-21.
3. Nieia`yi/ee ?.A., sseiaaiei A.TH., Aoeee ?.N., ?aaa E.I. Iioei?caoe?y
i?ioeano oa?iaioaoeaiiai a?ae?ie?co oeoe?ice iaeyniiai ?ic/eio ia
o?oeoico ? aetheico // Iaoeia? i?aoe? Oe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e.- 1998.- ? 4.- N.80-82.
4. Nieia`yi/ee ?.A., Aoeee ?.N., ?aaa E.I. Aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo oiia
i?iaaaeaiiy naoo?aoe?? noniaic?? o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th o oaoiieia??
o?oeoicieo ne?ii?a // Aeni?an-iiaeie: iaoea, oaoi?ea, ae?iaieoeoai.-
1998.- ? 6.- N. 12-14.
5. Iaoaio 24797 A Oe?a?ia, IE? N 13 E 3/00, N 12 ? 19/02. Niin?a
io?eiaiiy o?oeoice / Nieia`yi/ee ?.A., Aoeee ?.N., ?aaa E.I.( Oe?a?ia).-
cayae. 10.02.98., iioae. 06.10.98.
6. Iaoaio 24763 A Oe?a?ia, IE? A 01 D 1/22 Ie?aeiaee aeia?iee aia?ao /
Ooeo?? A.N., Nieia`yi/ee ?.A.( Oe?a?ia).- cayae. 27.06.97., iioae.
06.10.98.
7. Nieia`yi/ee ?.A., Aoeee ?.N., ?aaa E.I. Io?eiaiiy aenieio?oeoiciiai
ne?iio ?c iaeyne ao?yeioeoe?iaiai ae?iaieoeoaa // I?aoe? I?aeia?.
iaoe.-oaoi. eiio. “?ic?iaeaiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?ia?aneaieo
?ano?niiuaaeieo oaoiieia?e oa iaeaaeiaiiy a oa?/iao oa ia?a?iaio
i?iieneia?noue”.- Ee?a (Oe?a?ia).- 1998.- N. 15.
Nieia(yi/ee ?.A. Oaeineiiaeaiiy oaoiieia?? o?oeoiciiai ne?iio.- ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.18.05.- Oaoiieia?y oeoe?enoeo ?a/iaei. –
Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e, Ee?a, 1998.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?ena(y/aii ieoaiiyi oaeineiiaeaiy oaoiieia?? o?oeoiciiai
ne?iio a iai?yieo nooo?ai? aeiiii?? iaoa??aeueieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo
?ano?n?a.
Ia iniia? iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa iioei?caoe??
i?ioean?a ?ic?iaeaii iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai? niiniae oaeineiiaeaiiy
eaeueoe?eo?oeoicaoii? oaoiieia?? o?oeoiciiai ne?iio: i?i?i?caoe?y aeo?ao
aaiia ia inaaeaeaiiy o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, iiia?aaei? eiioeaio?oaaiiy
o?oeoiciiai ?ic/eio aei aeia?thaaiiy oeyoii eiai ?aoee?eoeyoe?? ia
?icaaaeaiiy o?oeoicaoo eaeueoe?th, canoinoaaiiy ia i/euaiiy aoaeoeaieo
aeaoaaeo i?e?iaeieo ni?aaio?a oa i?i?i?caoe?y ao?ao o?oeoice a?ae
oa?i?/iiai ?iceeaaeo oeyoii aeei?enoaiiy iecueeioaiia?aoo?iiai aeia?iiai
aia?aoo. Iaaiaeyoueny aeai? i?i aoaeoeai?noue niinia?a o ae?iaieoeoa?.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: iaeyna, oa?iaioaoeaiee a?ae?ie?c, o?oeoicao eaeueoe?th,
naoo?aoe?y, aaioii?oia? aeeie, o?oeoiciee ne?ii.
Nieiayi/ee E.A. Oniaa?oainoaiaaiea oaoiieiaee o?oeoiciiai ne?iia.-
?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.18.05 – Oaoiieiaey naoa?enouo aauanoa. –
Oe?aeineee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao ieuaauo oaoiieiaee, Eeaa, 1998.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai oniaa?oainoaiaaiey oaoiieiaee
o?oeoiciiai ne?iia a iai?aaeaiee nouanoaaiiie yeiiiiee iaoa?eaeueiuo e
yia?aaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia.
Ia iniiaaiee iaoiaeia iaoaiaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey e iioeiecaoeee
i?ioeannia ?ac?aaioaiu iao/ii-iainiiaaiiua niiniau oniaa?oainoaiaaiey
eaeueoeeeo?oeoicaoiie oaoiieiaee o?oeoiciiai ne?iia: ieieiecaoeey
?anoiaeia ecaanoe ia inaaeaeaiea o?oeoicaoa eaeueoeey, i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia
eiioeaio?e?iaaiea o?oeoiciiai ?anoai?a aei auia?eaaiey iooai aai
?aoee?eoeyoeee ia ?acaaaeaiea o?oeoicaoa eaeueoeey, eniieueciaaiea ia
i/enoeo yooaeoeaiuo iaaei?iaeo i?e?iaeiuo ni?aaioia e ieieiecaoeey
iioa?ue o?oeoicu a ?acoeueoaoa oa?ie/aneiai ?aceiaeaiey iooai
eniieueciaaiey i?aaeeiaeaiiiai auia?iiai aiia?aoa. I?eaaaeaiu aeaiiua ia
yooaeoeaiinoe niiniaia a i?iecaiaenoaa.
Eco/aiu caeiiiia?iinoe i?ioeanna e ?ann/eoaia iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue
oa?iaioaoeaiiai aeae?ieeca naoa?icu iaeaniiai ?anoai?a, eioi?ay
aeeth/aao: eiioeaio?aoeeth naoa?icu, ?anoiae eiaa?oaciiai i?aia?aoa,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue e oaiia?aoo?o i?ioeanna. I?aaeeiaeaiiay
iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue iicaieyao i?iecaiaeeoue iao/ii-iainiiaaiiua
?an/aou oa?iaioaoeaiiai aeae?ieeca naoa?icu ni cia/eoaeueiui nie?auaieai
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe i?ioeanna.
N eniieueciaaieai iaoiaeia ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai aiaeeca e yeaeo?iiiie
iee?ineiiee ii?aaeaeaiu iioeiaeueiua ?anoiaeu NaI ia inaaeaeaiea
o?oeoicu ec eiaa?oe?iaaiiuo iaeaniuo ?anoai?ia – 46-47,5% NaI e ianna
o?oeoicu. I?e oaeii ?anoiaea ecaanoe iaania/eaaaony auoiae o?oeoicu
88-89,5% i?e niaea?aeaiee aaeeanoiiai aeae?ieneaea eaeueoeey 6,5-19,5% a
inaaeea. Aeey iaania/aiey oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuo naaeeiaioaoeeiiiuo e
oeeueo?aoeeiiiuo naienoa inaaeea o?oeoicaoa eaeueoeey i?e ii?aaeaeaiiii
?anoiaea ecaanoe i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue i?ioeanna ?aaeoeee aeieaeia
ninoaaeyoue 30-40 ieioo.
Iaeaieaa i?eaieaiue oaiia?aoo?iue ?aaeei naoo?aoeee, i?e eioi?ii iauea
iioa?e o?oeoicu (io uaei/iiai ?aceiaeaiey, e a naoo?aoeeiiiii inaaeea)
ia i?aauoatho 0,5% e ianna o?oeoicu a ?anoai?a, iaania/eaaaony i?e
oaiia?aoo?ao ia auoa 25 0N.
I?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee ii yooaeoeaiinoe ni?aaioia aeey
i/enoee e iaanoeaa/eaaiey o?oeoiciuo ?anoai?ia. Ii?aaeaeaii, /oi
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuie ieacaeenue aeaoaaua i?e?iaeiua ni?aaiou
(iaeioi?ua aaioiieoiaua aeeiu).
I?eaiaeeony oaoiieiae/aneay noaia iieo/aiey o?oeoiciiai ne?iia, eioi?ay
aeeth/aao niinia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eiioeaio?e?iaaiey o?oeoiciiai
?anoai?a iinea naoo?aoeee e oeeueo?aoeee iooai aai ?aoee?eoeyoeee ia
?acaaaeaiea inaaeea o?oeoicaoa eaeueoeey. A ?acoeueoaoa yoiai,
eiioeaio?aoeey o?oeoicu a ?anoai?a aua aei i?iaaaeaiey auia?eaaiey
aeinoeaaao 25-27%, oiaiueoaaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue eiioeaio?e?iaaiey,
e, eae neaaenoaea, iioa?e o?oeoicu e ?anoiae yia?ai?ano?nia.
I?aaeeiaeaia eiino?oeoeey ieaii/iiai auia?iiai aiia?aoa, eioi?ay
iaania/eaaao i?iaaaeaiea i?ioeanna auia?eaaiey i?e ioiineoaeueii ieceeo
cia/aieyo oaiia?aoo? (60-700N) e iicaieyao nouanoaaiii oiaiueoeoue
iioa?e o?oeoicu io oa?ie/aneiai ?aceiaeaiey.
I?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou i?iiuoeaiiuo eniuoaiee oaoiieiaee o?oeoiciiai
ne?iia ia yenia?eiaioaeueiie onoaiiaea, niiioe?iaaiiie ia
Aaeeei-Ieoya?ueneii naoa?iii caaiaea, eioi?ua iiaeoaa?aeaeatho
oeaeaniia?aciinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue ia?a?aaioee iaeannu ia o?oeoiciue
ne?ii a oneiaeyo naoa?iiai caaiaea. I?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou
oieneeieiae/aneeo e naieoa?ii-aaeoa?eieiae/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee ia?acoeia
o?oeoiciiai ne?iia, iiaeoaa?aeeaoea eo niioaaonoaea noaiaea?oai e
aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey a ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iaeanna, oa?iaioaoeaiue aeae?ieec, o?oeoicao eaeueoeey,
naoo?aoeey, aaioiieoiaua aeeiu, o?oeoiciue ne?ii.
Solovyanchyk I.V. Improvement of fructose syrup technology.
The dissertation for scientific degree of the candidate of technical
sciences on speciality 05.18.05 – Technology of sugary substances. –
Ukrainian state university of food technologies, Kiyv, 1998.
The dissertation is devoted to questions of improvement fructose syrup
technology in connected with essential economy material and power
resources.
On the basis of mathematic modeling methods and processes’ optimization
are developed scientific-justified methods of calcium-fructosat
technology improvement of fructose syrup: minimization of lime costs on
calcium fructosate precipitation, preliminary concentration of fructose
solution up to evaporation by the way of its recirculation on
cultivation of calcium fructosate, its usage on clearing effective
inexpensive natural sorbents and minimization of fructose losses as a
result of thermal decomposition by the way of suggested evaporator
installation. Data on efficiency of methods in production are
examplitied.
Key words: molasses, fermentative hydrolysis, calcium fructosate,
saturation, bentonite clays, fructose syrup.
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