.

Установка та процес регенерації відпрацьованих машинних масел: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / П.Г. Анохін, Харк. держ. політехн. ун-т. — Х., 1999.

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OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IIE?OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

Aiio?i Iao?i Aai?a?eiae/

OAeE 635.54

ONOAIIAEA OA I?IOeAN ?AAAIA?AOe?? A?AeI?AOeUeIAAIEO

IAOEIIEO IANAE

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.05.13. – Iaoeie oa aia?aoe o?i?/ieo ae?iaieoeoa

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Oa?e?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia o Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iie?oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: caneoaeaiee aeiao?aeiee Oe?a?ie,

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Oea/ A?eai??e Aiaoieueiae/.

Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee

oi?aa?neoao, caa. eaoaae?ith o?i?/ii?

oaoi?ee oa i?iieneiai? aeieia??.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, no. iaoe. ni?a?.

Oie?i A?oae?e Na?a?eiae/

Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee

oi?aa?neoao, i?ioani? eaoaae?e

oaieioaoi?ee,

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, no. iaoe. ni?a?.

Iie/aiia Aieiaeeie? ?aaiiae/

Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaoeiai aeine?aeiee

oa i?iaeoiee ?inoeooo iniiaii? o?i??,

aee?aeoi?.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee
o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/iee

oi?aa?neoao, i. Aeiai?iiao?ianuee

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny: “28 ” aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 14-00 aiaeei?

ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae64050.05 o Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio iie?oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith 310002, i. Oa?e?a,
aoe. O?oica 21.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoueny a a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 27 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Oei/aiei A.E.

14

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ia?iaeia ainiiaea?noai Oe?a?ie iio?aao? o aaeee?e
e?eueeino? aia?a??, ianoeeueieo iaoa??ae?a. Iayai? iaeeai? ?ano?ne ia
iie?eaathoue ? iieiaeie iio?aa ? 60-70 % i?ia?aeueieo aeaea?ae aia?a??
e?a?ia ?iii?oo?. Io /iio iniaeeai aeooaeueiei noa? ieoaiiy aoaeoeaiiai,
a ii iiaeeeaino?, iiaoi?iiai aeei?enoaiiy i?ia?aeueieo ?ano?n?a –
cie?aia ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaooiaeo ianae. O ?icaeiaieo
e?a?iao ?aaaia?o?oueny ? iiaoi?ii aeei?enoiao?oueny a?ae /aa?o? aei 40 %
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo i?ia?aeueieo ianae. O a?n?iaeanyo? ?iee a
?aaeyinueeiio Nithc? ii/eiaeeny ni?iae ??oaiiy aeaii? i?iaeaie. Aoee
iiaoaeiaai? cia/i? eiiieaene c ?aaaia?aoe??, aea /a?ac neeaaei?noue
cai?o ? o?ainii?ooaaiiy ?iaioa oeeo eiiieaen?a aeyaeeany ia
?aioaaaeueiith. Oea i?ecaaei aei ??oaiiy noai?aiiy iaeioiiiaaeieo
onoaiiaie i?iaeoeoeai?noth 50-100 e/a, ye? iiaeia ?ici?uoaaoe
aaciina?aaeiuei a?ey niiaeeaa/a (oaieia? noaioe??, ACN, aeaii). Aei oiai
ae ?aaaia?aoe?y ? iiaoi?ia aeei?enoaiiy ianae aeicaieythoue caiia?aoe
caa?oaeiaiith iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua (neeaeaiiy ianae o aiaeieiie ?
aeeeae oe?aeeeaeo ?a/iaei i?e niaethaaii?).

Ca’ycie iaoeiai? i?aoe? c i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Iaoeiaee
iai?yiie ?iaioe ocaiaeaeo?oueny c “I??i?eoaoieie iai?yieaie ?icaeoeo
iaoee ? oaoi?ee”, caoaa?aeaeaieie iinoaiiaaie Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie
a?ae 16.10.92 ?. oa a?ae 25.02.94 ?., ? oeacaie I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie oa
iinoaiiaaie Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie c ieoaiue ?ano?ni- oa
aia?aicaa?aaeaiiy a aaeoc? niiaeeaaiiy ? ia?a?iaee aoaeaaiaeii?
ne?iaeie.

Iaoa ?iaioe ? caaea/a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeaii? ?iaioe ? ?ic?iaea
iiaiai oeio ?ioi?iiai aia?aoa (?c niaoe?aeueiith eiino?oeoe??th
aeaiaioa, ui noai?th? ie?aeo), yeee aeicaiey? aoaeoeaii cae?enieoe
?aaaia?aoe?th iaoeiieo ianae ia iaeioiiiaaeieo onoaiiaeao.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy aeaii? iaoe ae??ooaaeeny oae? caaea/?:

– iaa?oiooaaiiy ? i?iiiceoe?? iiaiai ??oaiiy aeaiaioo, yeee noai?th?
ie?aeo, ui aeicaiey? aanoe i?ioean ?aaaia?aoe?? iaoeiieo ianae ?c
aenieith aoaeoeai?noth;

– i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ii aea/aiith a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? ianoaiiaee,
noai?aii? aeaiaioaie ??ciiiai?oii? eiino?oeoe??, yea ooai?th? ie?aeo,
aecia/aiiy /ano ia?aaoaaiiy ??aeeie ia aeaiaioao aia?aoa, yeee noai?th?
ie?aeo, ? a oe?eiio a aia?ao?;

– iaea?aeaiiy iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae a?ae?iaeeiai?/ieo i?ioean?a, ui
i?io?eathoue o ?ioi?iiio aia?ao? i?e aeei?enoaii? ??ciiiai?oieo
eiino?oeoe?e aeaiaio?a i?e ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae;

– i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ? aea/aiiy i?ioean?a oaieiiai?io, ui
i?io?eathoue o ?ioi?iiio aia?ao? i?e ?aaaia?aoe?? iaoeiieo ianae i?e
aenie?e oo?aoe?caoe?? iioieo;

– iaea?aeaiiy e?eoa??aeueieo ??aiyiue, ui aecia/athoue i?ioeane
oaieiiai?io ia an?o noaae?yo ?icaiiee a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae
?c canoinoaaiiyi ??ciiiai?oieo eiino?oeoe?e aeaiaio?a, ye? noai?ththoue
ie?aeo;

– aiae?co oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
iaoeiieo ianae;

– iaea?aeaiiy ??aiyiue ?aa?an??, ui aeicaieythoue i?iaiicoaaoe
e?euee?noue a?ae?aiaieo iaoeiieo ianae i?e aeei?enoaii? aeae?eueeio
eiino?oeoe?e aeaiaio?a, ye? noai?ththoue ie?aeo, a oaeiae aecia/eoe
aieea ao?aeieo ci?iieo ia ooai?aiiy oe?eueiaiai i?iaeoeoo;

– noai?aiiy iaeioiiiaaeii? onoaiiaee aeey ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
iaoeiieo ianae;

– aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? canoinoaaiiy iaeioiiiaaeieo
onoaiiaie aeey ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iieyaa? a oaeiio:

– aia?oa io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ?ooo ie?aee ??aeeie, ooai?aii? ??ciiiai?oieie aeaiaioaie,
ye? noai?ththoue ie?aeo ia iiaa?oi? ?ioi?iiai aia?aoa, ui
ia?a??aa?oueny, ye? a?aoiaothoue ia?a?iciiae?e ??aeeie a ie?aoe? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae eiino?oeoe?? oeueiai i?eno?ith ? noai?aiiy iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaii?, noiniaii aei o?ce/ieo ? o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae
aeine?aeaeoaaieo ??aeei, eiino?oeoe?? oeueiai i?eno?ith;

– ?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue, ui aeicaiey? a oe?ieeo iaaeao
aeine?aeaeoaaoe aieea iniiaieo ia?aiao??a ia a?ae?iaeeiai?/io
ianoaiiaeo, ooai?aio a aia?ao? aeaiaioaie, ye? noai?ththoue ie?aeo;

– io?eiaii? e?eoa??aeuei? ??aiyiiy, ye? aecia/athoue aoaeoeai?noue
oaieiiai?io ia ??ciiiai?oieo noaae?yo i?ioeano ?icaiiee
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae i?e canoinoaaii? aeae?eueeio aeaiaio?a,
ye? noai?ththoue ie?aeo;

– ?ic?iaeaii aia?aoo?ii-oaoiieia?/io noaio i?ioeano ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae noiniaii aei iaeioiiiaaeieo onoaiiaie.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue iieyaa? a oaeiio:

– io?eiai? aii??e/i? caeaaeiino?, ui aeicaieythoue ?ic?aoiaoaaoe
?ioi?ii-ie?aeia? aia?aoe aeey i?ioean?a ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
iaoeiieo ianae;

– noai?aii iaeioiiiaaeio i?iieneiao onoaiiaeo aeey ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae, yea ?ici?uo?oueny aaciina?aaeiuei o
niiaeeaa/a oeeo ianae, onoaiiaea i?iaeoeoeai?noth 100 e/a aeaioiaeaia a
AO “Oe?IAe?O?IIAO” ? i?ieoea oai aei?iaoaaiiy, ?ic?aooieiaee aeiiii?/ieo
aoaeo a?ae canoinoaaiiy onoaiiaee neeaaea? 329000 a?i.;

– io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aoaeooue aeei?enoai? i?e i?aeaioiaoe? aei
noai?aiiy ia?aiao?e/iiai ?yaeo iaeioiiiaaeieo onoaiiaie aeey
?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo o?ainoi?iaoi?ieo ianae aeaeo?inoaioe?e.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a.

Iniaenoee aianie ani??aioa eaaeeoue o ?ic?iaoe? iiaiai oeio ?ioi?iiai
aia?aoo ? i?iaaaeaii? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioean?a
a?ae?iaeeiai?ee ? oaieiiai?io i?e ?aaaia?aoe?? iaoeiieo ianae, o
?aae?caoe?? ia AII iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae oeeo i?ioean?a ?c iaoith
iaa?oiooaaiiy aeai?o eiino?oeoe?? aeaiaioa, yeee noai?th? ie?aeo, ia
iaeioiiiaaeieo onoaiiaeao, o canoinoaaii? iiai? oaoiieia?? ia?iaee
iaoeiieo ianae, o ?ic?iaoe? e aenieoaoaoe?? i?iieneiai? onoaiiaee ?
i?iaaaeaii? ?ia?o aei?iaoaaiiy c ?aaaia?aoe?? iaoeiieo ianae ia i?e.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a a ?iaio?, ui iioae?eiaaia o ni?aaaoi?noa?,
ianooiiee:

– o i?aoe? [1] aaoi? noi?ioethaaa i?iaeaio ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae, cai?iiiioaaa iia? iaoiaee ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae ia iniia? oiieiie?aeiai? oaoiieia??;

– o i?aoe? [2] aaoi? i?iaiae?coaaa ?icaeoie oaoiieia?? oa iaeaaeiaiiy,
yea aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae o
e?a?iao Caoiaeo, cai?iiiioaaa iiao oaoiieia?th ia?iaee a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
iaoeiieo ianae;

– o i?aoe? [4] aaoi?ii aoee noai?ai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? i?ioean?a
a?ae?iaeeiai?ee ? oaieiiai?io i?e ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae
canoiniaii ??ciiiai?oieo ie?aeinoai?thth/eo aeaiaio?a, aiane?aeie /iai
aoei aecia/aii aieea aeaiaio?a ia i?ioean oaieiia?aaea/? a aia?ao?;

– o i?aoe? [5] aaoi? cai?iiiioaaa iiao eiino?oeoe?th ie?aeinoai?thth/iai
aeaiaioo, yea caaeiaieueiy? ianooii? aeiiae: noai?th? ie?aeo, ia/eua?
iiaa?oith, aeeeth/a? a?ic?th oa a?ecaiaei?n, noai?th? aeiaeaoeiao
oo?aoeaioi?noue ie?aee;

– o i?aoe? [7] aaoi? cai?iiiioaaa aeaoonoaae?eio noaio ?aaaia?aoe??
iaoeiieo ianae c canoinoaaiiyi oiieiie?aeiai? oaoiieia??.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe??
aeiiia?aeaeeny oa iaaiai?thaaeenue ia iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao eaoaae?e OOIA
Oa?e?anueeiai iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo, ia can?aeaiiyo
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? ?aaee AO “Oe?IAe?O?IIAO”, a oaeiae ia iaoeia?e
oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??: iaoea, oaoi?ea,
oaoiieia?y, ina?oa, caei?ia’y” 12-14 o?aaiy 1997 ?. Oa?e?a, I?oeieueoe,
Iaaaeaao?a oa ia i?aeia?iaeiiio neiiic?oi? “Oaoi?ea ? oaoiieia?y
aeieia?/ii /enoeo ae?iaieoeoa” 12-14 o?aaiy 1998 ?. Iineaa.

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe iioae?eiaaii o 8 ae?oeiaaieo i?aoeyo.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio, i’yoe
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo oeeoiaaii? e?oa?aoo?e, yeee ia?aoiao? 115
iaca oa aeiaeaoe?a. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 120 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, i?noeoue ?enoie?a 35 ? 28 oaaeeoeue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaiee aiae?oe/iee iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e c
iniiaieo i?iaeai, yeei i?enay/aia aeaia aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa.
?icaeyioo? oa i?iaiae?ciaai? iniiai? iai?yiee c oaoiieia?? ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaooiaeo ianae, ?o aia?aoo?i? ioi?ieaiiy oa oeyoe
?ioaineo?eaoe?? oeeo i?ioean?a.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ?nio? e?eueea oaoiieia?/ieo ??oaiue ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae: o?ce/i?, o?i?/i? oa o?ceei-o?i?/i?
iaoiaee ?aaaia?aoe??. A ?iaio? i?iiiio?oueny aeei?enoiaoaaoe
o?ceei-o?i?/i? iaoiaee ?aaaia?aoe??, oae ye aiie aeicaieythoue
?ica’ycaoe iinoaaeaio caaea/o – iiiiaeaiiy a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaooiaeo
ianae.

Aiae?c e?oa?aoo?e aeicaieea ae?iaeoe i?iiiceoe?? c ?ic?iaee oa
noai?aiiy iaeioiiiaaeii? onoaiiaee ia iniia? ?ioi?iiai oiieiie?aeiaiai
aia?aoo, aea i?ioean iaea?aeaiiy oiaa?iiai ianea, yea ?aaaia?o?oueny,
i?ioiaeeoue ca o?ueioaei/iith noaiith.

O ia?oiio aeioe? a?aei?aoeueiaaia ianei ciaioo?oueny c aecia/aiith
e?euee?noth iaeo?ae?caoi?a (aaoaia aaiii) aeey aeiaaaeaiiy eeneioiino?
i?iaeoeoo aei aaee/eie, yea a?aeiia?aea? noaiaea?oiei iieacieeai.

O ae?oaiio aeioe?, yeee ? iniiaiei, cae?eniththoueny aea? noaae??
ia?aaiiee a?aei?aoeueiaaiiai ianea ia ?ioi?iiio aeia?ieeo. Ia ia?o?e
noaae?? a?aeaaiythoueny eaaeieaoe? eiiiiiaioe, aeeth/ath/e aaiceiiao
o?aeoe?th (2-4 % a?ae aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo), aeecaeueio o?aeoe?th (4-5
%), aa?aoaiia ianei (5-9 %). I?e oeueiio aeenoeeyo, yeee a?aeaaiy?oueny,
aeei?enoiao?oueny ye i?iieaiee iaoa??ae aeey i?aoethth/eo aeaeaoi?a, a
iio?i iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiei ye iaeueia a eioaeueieo. Ia ae?oa?e
noaae?? aeo?aeiei i?iaeoeoii ? eoaiaee caeeoie ia?oi? noaae??, yea c
?ieino? ianinii iiaea?oueny a ?ioi?iee ie?aeiaee aia?ao.

O ?ioi?iiio aia?ao? ca a?aeiia?aeieo aaeooio ? oaiia?aoo?? oiiaao
i?ioiaeeoue ia?ao?ae aei ia?e aeenoeeyoo na?aaeiuei? oa aaaeei? o?aeoe?e
a?aei?aoeueiaaiiai ianea, a?aeiia?aeii 30-40 % ? 30-35 %. Iaea?aeaiee
eoaiaee caeeoie (aoae?ii) ia? oe?iea canoinoaaiiy a aoae?aaeuei?e
?iaeono??? (aeiaeaoie aei anoaeueoo).

O o?aoueiio aeioe? iaea?aeai? aeenoeeyoe c’?aeiothoueny c i?enaaeeaie,
ui aeicaiey? aeiaanoe ?o aei cia/aiue, a?aeiia?aeieo noaiaea?oai.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae iieacaa, ui iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaiei aia?aoo?iei aeeiiaiiyi ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae ?
?ioi?i? oiieiie?aeia? aia?aoe c aiiioiaaiei eiiaeainaoi?ii, ? ui
iniiaieie aeaiaioaie, ye? aecia/athoue noaa?euei?noue ? aoaeoeai?noue
aaaeaiiy i?ioeano, ? aeaiaioe, ui noai?ththoue ie?aeo. Onoaiiaeaii, ui
?o aieea ia a?ae?iaeeiai?eo ? oaieiiai?i ? iniiaieie caaea/aie aea/aiiy
aeaii? ?iaioe. A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? oeth caaea/o ia?aaeaa/aeiny
?ica’ycoaaoe ye iaoiaeaie aenia?eiaioaeueiiai, oae ? iaoaiaoe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy oeeo i?ioean?a. O ca’yceo c oeei o ia?oiio ?icae?e?
i?iaaaeaiee e?oa?aoo?iee iaeyae oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue, ye? aecia/athoue
a?ae?iaeeiai?eo ? oaieiiai?i o oiieeo ie?aeao, ? iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae,
ye? iienothoue oe? i?ioeane. Iaoith iiaeaethaaiiy oeeo i?ioean?a ?
iiaeeea?noue ?ica’ycoaaoe oae? caaea/?: i?iaeooaaiiy aia?aoo ia iniia?
iiaeaethaaiiy; ii??aiyiiy ??ciiiai?oieo eiino?oeoe?e ca aea?aiei
e?eoa???i aoaeoeaiino?; iioei?caoe?y eiino?oeoe?e ??ciiai oeio, ye
aia?ao?a a oe?eiio, oae ? ?o iniiaieo aoce?a.

Aeey ioe?iee aeioe?eueiino? noai?aiiy iaeioiiiaaeieo onoaiiaie c
?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaooiaeo ianae i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c
no/anieo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? c oi/ee ci?o
aiane?a cania?a o ae?iaieoeoai onoaiiaie ia Oe?a?i?.

O ca’yceo c oeei o ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaiee ia?eaoeiaiaee aiae?c
?eieo iaeaaeiaiiy c ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae. Iaoith aiae?co
aoei aecia/aiiy ?ieino? ?eieo ia Oe?a?i? oa a NIAe. Aeaiee aiae?c
iineoaeea iniiaith aeey ae?iaee no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo ae?iaieoeoaa. Aacith
aeey ?ic?aooieo noaea Oa?e?anueea iaeanoue, ? ?acoeueoaoe
aeno?aiiethaaeenue ia ?aa?iie c a?aooaaiiyi iioaioe?aeueiiai
iio?aaoaaiiy iaooiaeo ianae.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/ai ?ic?iaoe? ?ioi?iiai oiieiie?aeiaiai aeia?ieea
c nenoaiith aiiioiaaiiai eiiaeainaoi?a. Iniiaia oaaaa i?eae?eyeany
nenoai? aaia?aoe?? ??aeeiii? ie?aee ia iiaa?oi? oaieiiai?io ? ??
ia?ai?ooaaiith. E??i oiai, oae ye i?ioeane a ?ioi?iiio aia?ao? iiaeooue
noi?iaiaeaeoaaoenue noai?aiiyi oaa?aei? ?a/iaeie (eieniooai?aiiy), aoei
ae??oaia ieoaiiy i?i ?o ciyooy c aioo??oiueiai ei?iono aia?aoa ?
aeeeth/aiiy aeeeaeo ia iiaa?oith aiiioiaaiiai eiiaeainaoi?a. Oea
aeinyaaeiny eiino?oeoe??th aeaiaioa, ui noai?th? ie?aeo, – “i?ae, ui
c??ca?”. A ca’yceo c oei, ui ?ioi?iee i?eno??e ia ia? ieaeiueiai
oeaio?oaaeueiiai i?aeoeiieea, a nai ?ioi?iee i?eno??e eiinieueiiai oeio
nenoaie “a?ey/a eieani”, aoei ae??oaia ieoaiiy i?i noai?aiiy ie?aeiai?
oa/?? ia aoiae? a eaia?o oaieiiai?io c aeiiiiiaith ?iciiae?eueii?
oa??eee. Iniiaiith i?iaeaiith a i?ioeanao ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
ianae ? cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e ?o ia?a?iaee, oae ye aacae?y aenieeo
oaiia?aoo? i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeano?oeoeaieo ci?i aoaeaaiaeiaaeo
c’?aeiaiue. A ca’yceo c oeei aeai? oaoiieia?/i? i?ioeane iiaeii?
i?iaiaeeoenue i?e aeeaieiio aaeooi?, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei cieaeaiiy
oaiia?aoo? oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo neeaaeiaeo o?aeoe?e a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
ianae. Aeey ae??oaiiy oeueiai ieoaiiy a eiino?oeoe?? aoei ia?aaeaa/aii
canoinoaaiiy iaai?oieo iooo, ye? caaacia/othoue ia o?eueee ia?aaea/o
iaa?oaiiy ia ?ioi?iee i?eno??e, aea e aeicaieythoue aa?iaoecoaaoe
aioo??oi?e ia’?i aia?aoo a?ae aoiinoa?iiai oeneo.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? iiaeaii iienaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii? onoaiiaee c
aea/aiiy a?ae?iaeeiai?ee ie?aeiai? oa/?? a ?ioi?iiio aia?ao?, iaoiaeee
aeine?aeaeaiue ? ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioo. Aenia?eiaioaeueia
onoaiiaea yaey? niaith ?ioi?iee oiieiie?aeiaee aia?ao, ei?ion yeiai
aeeiiaiee c i?aai?/iiai neea, aac eaia?e oaieiiai?io, aeo?aeii? ?
iai??ii? ?ieino?, aeo?aoii??a ia iniia? ?ioaiao?a ?N-5, aie/aoiai
?aaoethaaeueiiai aaioeey, a?aeoeaio?iaiai ianina. Aeine?aeaeoaaeenue 4
aeaee aeaiaio?a, ui noai?ththoue ie?aeo (oa?i??ia nooe?eueia eiiaoea,
oa?i??ia n?o/anoa eiiaoea c ?ici??ii eii??ee 2o2 ii, oa?i??ia c/enoia
?aiea, yea iaea?aeaea iacao “i?ae, ui c??ca?”).

Aeey noaa?e?caoe?? aeo?aoii? oa?aeoa?enoeee aeo?aeii? aeo?aoe, yea
iaaeoiaeeoue, nenoaia iai??ii? ?ieino? caaacia/oaaeanue aaeianii c
ia?aeeaii. O?enaoe?y aeo?aoe cae?enithaaeanue iina?aaeieoeoaii ?ioaiao?a
?N-5 ? aaioeey, yeee ?aaoeth?. ??aeeia, yea i?ieoea /a?ac iiaeaeue
aia?aoa, iiaa?oaeany aai a ?ie?noue aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo aai
iai?aaeyeany ia ceea (neeae). Caaacia/aiiy oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy
?ioi?iiai i?eno?ith cae?enithaaeinue ca ?aooiie canoinoaaiiy aeaeaoia
iino?eiiai no?oio N = 0,4 eao/aiae ? nenoaie ?ainoao?a.

Ca iniiaiee iai?yiie aeine?aeaeaiue a?aeiny aecia/aiiy /ano ia?aaoaaiiy
ia aeaiaioao, ui noai?ththoue ie?aeo, ??ciiiai?oieo eiino?oeoe?e ??cieo
iiaeaeueieo ?ic/ei?a (aiaea, ae?oea?ei 50 % i?e t = 16N).

A ca’yceo c aeuaicia/aiei iiaeaeueia onoaiiaea aoea aeiiaeaaeiaia
nenoaiith aeey aei??thaaiiy e?eaeo a?aeaoeo i?e i?iaaaeaii?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue, yea neeaaeaeany c i?eno?ith aaiaeo
o?ana?a, nenoaie i?aena?/aiiy ? o?enaoe?? na?oeiaiai iioieo ? nenoaie
?aa?no?aoe??, yea neeaaea?oueny c i?aeneethaa/a ? o?ueioeaiaeueiiai
naiiieniiai i?eeaaeo. Aeaia aei??thaaiiy a?oioo?oueny ia eiioeaioe??
na?oeii?iieeiino? iioieo ??aeeie ca oiiae aaiaeo a iueiai o?ana?a. Ca
?ioaineai?noth aeieaaiiy aa?aieea, ye?e i?iii?oe?iiaeueia neea no?oio,
yeee i?io?ea? /a?ac oioiii??, aecia/aeany ci?ia e?eueeino?
(eiioeaio?aoe?y) o?ana?a a ??aeeii?e oac?, ui ciaoiaeeoueny a iiaeae?
aia?aoo.

Nenoaia iineeaiiy ? caieno e?eaeo a?aeaoeo aeaea iiaeeea?noue o?enoaaoe
an? oa?aeoa?i? ci?ie a a?ae?iaeeiai?oe? oa/?? ??aeeiieo iioie?a a
iiaeae? aia?aoo.

Oae aoei aeyaeaii, ui n?o/ano? eiiaoee aeaio aeae?a iaaeeaeathoueny ca
aeaeii e?eaeo aei oa?i??ieo nooe?eueieo eiiaoie, oea iiynith?oueny
iayai?noth iiniaeo oaeeue, o?eueee iaioeo ?ici???a, ia?aae e?ayie
eiiaoie. C oe??? i?e/eie aeine?aeaeoaaeenue o?eueee aeaa aeaee eiiaoie –
oa?i??ia nooe?eueia eiiaoea oa “i?ae, ui c??ca?”. Ia ?en. 1
i?aaenoaaeai? e?ea? a?aeaoeo N o.e. = f (t) oa N na?.i. = f (t) aeey
oeeo aeaiaio?a, ui noai?ththoue ie?aeo. O i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue aoei iaea?aeaii 26 e?eaeo a?aeaoeo i?e ??cieo aeo?aoieo
oa?aeoa?enoeeao, i?e ??cieo /anoioao iaa?oaiiy ? i?e ??cieo iiaeaeyo
aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo, 10 c yeeo i?aaenoaaeai? a aeiaeaoeo aei
aeena?oaoe??.

?en. 1 E?ea? a?aeaoeo

C ?en. 1 aeaeii, ui aeno?aioie oeeo e?eaeo a?ae??ciythoueny. Oea
iiynith?oueny i?aeoe/ii a?aenooi?noth iiniaeo oaeeue o aeiaaeeo “iiaea,
ui c??ca?”, ? ia?aaaaeaiiy oaeeue o aeiaaeeo oa?i??ii? eiiaoee. Oea aoei
oaeiae i?aeoaa?aeaeaii i?e ne?aeeoaaii? ca ?iaioith oeeo aeaiaio?a, ui
noai?ththoue ie?aeo, a no?iaineii?/iiio ina?oeaii?. Oae ye o iiniaeo
oaeeyo iniiai? oaeaeeino? a?eueoa, i?ae o ie?aoe?, oi aeieea? i?ieeae
i?iaeoeoo ii aa?oeeae?. A ca’yceo c oeei a?eueo aoaeoeaia eiiaoea –
“i?ae, ui c??ca?”, oae ye na?aaei?e /an ia?aaoaaiiy ??aeeie ia i?e
a?eueoee, i?ae ia nooe?euei?e oa?i??i?e eiiaooe?.

Aeey aiae?co iaea?aeaieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo e?eaeo a?aeaoeo aoea
i?iaaaeaia iaoaiaoe/ia ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioo.

Aii??e/ia e?eaa ?iciiae?eo – oea a?ao?e ooieoe?? a?aeaoeo ia ?iioeueniee
neaiae, caienaii? a aac?ici??ieo ci?iieo. Aii??e/ia ooieoe?y ?iciiae?eo
– S (t) (eiioeaio?aoe?y ? /an) ia? niene eiia??iino? (ooieoe?y
u?eueiino? eiia??iino?), aeicaiey? aiae?coaaoe a?ae?iaeeiai?eo i?ioean?a
a ?ioi?iiio aia?ao?.

sseui caaea?oueny aeene?aoia ooieoe?y a?aeaoeo:

picscalex100010009000003540000000000120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00260011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffa8ffffff20010000480200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
000060000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff010000000000030000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000900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 ( 1 )
picscalex100010009000003680100000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00980081200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb3ffffff40080000530900000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000300209000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
5702d60205000000130257029d070500000014027f0773030500000013027f0722051700
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e2043797200cc66040000002d01010008000000320aef075705010000003b0008000000
320a3c075c0401000000690008000000320a5f08df0001000000690008000000320aef07
400001000000740008000000320ac702d207010000003b0008000000320a95041f060100
0000690008000000320a2504480501000000630008000000320a1402d706010000006900
08000000320aa401000601000000630008000000320a1402680501000000690010000000
fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d010200
04000000f001010008000000320a4d09ef0301000000740008000000320acc068c030100
0000740008000000320aef070502010000003d0008000000320aa4019804010000007400
08000000320ac7026801010000003d0008000000320ac702390001000000740010000000
fb0200fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d010100
04000000f001020008000000320a5904a50301000000e50008000000320ad801ee020100
0000e5000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb02100007000000
0000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01020004000000f0010100
030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000014809 ( 2 )

/eneia? oa?aeoa?enoeee aii??e/ii? ooieoe?? ?iciiae?eo aeei?enoiaothoueny
aeey iiaoaeiae oai?aoe/ii? ooieoe?? ?iciiae?eo. Aeey iaea?aeaiiy
oai?aoe/ii? e?eai? ?iciiae?eo aoea ia?aia iaea?eueo oe?iei
aeei?enoiaoaaia eii??eiaa iiaeaeue. Eii??eiaa iiaeaeue aaco?oueny ia
oyaeaii? i?i ?aeaaeueia ia?ai?uoaaiiy a iaaeao n eii??ie eaiie,
?icoaoiaaieo iine?aeiaii ? o a?aenooiino? ia?ai?ooaaiiy i?ae ieie.

Iaoaiaoe/ia iienaiiy eii??eiai? iiaeae?:
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 , ( 3 )

aea V – ia’?i aia?aoa, Vc – ia’?iia oaeaee?noue, Ck-1 – eiioeaio?aoe?y
ia aoiae? a e-o eii??eo a aac?ici??ieo ci?iieo; Nk – eiioeaio?aoe?y
ia aeoiae? c e-? a aac?ici??ieo ci?iieo.

?ica’ycie nenoaie iaoiaeii iia?aoe?eiiai /eneaiiy aea? ??aiyiiy
oai?aoe/ii? ooieoe?? ?iciiae?eo /ano ia?aaoaaiiy iioie?a a aia?ao?.
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 ( 4 )

Aeey ae?iaiaeo cia/aiue ia?aiao?a n ??aiyiiy iiaeia i?aaenoaaeoe ca
aeiiiiiaith aaiia-ooieoe?? Aeea?a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 o
aeaeyae? aaiia-?iciiae?eo:
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. ( 5 )

Ca?aeii c e?oa?aoo?ieie aeaea?aeaie i?e n = 1 eii??eiaa iiaeaeue –
iiaeaeue ?aeaaeueiiai ci?ooaaiiy, a i?e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 – iiaeaeue ?aeaaeueiiai
aeo?niaiiy. sseui n aei??aith? i?ii?aeiiio cia/aiith, oi aia?ao
a?aeiia?aea? i?ii?aei?e iiaeae? i?ae ?aeaaeueiei ci?ooaaiiyi ?
aeo?niaiiyi.

Ia?aiao? eii??eiai? iiaeae? o?nii ca’ycaiee c iniiaiith o?ce/iith
oa?aeoa?enoeeith a?ae?iaeeiai?/iiai i?ioeano – e?eoa???i Iaeea:

picscalex100010009000003710100000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00540101200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb9ffffff00100000790500000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
10034000050000001302100359010500000014021003da020500000013021003c5040500
0000140210034606050000001302100361090500000014021003e90a0500000013021003
e40f15000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720
526f6d616e000068040000002d01010008000000320aab04d30d01000000320008000000
320a6702020b01000000320008000000320aab04400801000000320008000000320a6702
6a0701000000320008000000320a6702660301000000320008000000320a67025c000100
0000310017000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e2043797200cc68040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000320a
7405f20b02000000506508000000320a9e01dc0d02000000506508000000320a6702e20b
01000000650008000000320a74055f0602000000506508000000320ade04f30202000000
506508000000320ade045900010000006e0010000000fb0240fe00000000000090010000
00020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a
9e01c70c010000002d0008000000320a8003ab09010000002b0008000000320a80030f05
010000002d0008000000320a8003a301010000003d000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff
01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d
00cc040000002d01020004000000f001010003000000000000ff000000000000000000ff
ffff0000000000000000000000000000000000ffffff00ffffff0000000000000000 ( 6
),
picscalex100010009000003e60000000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e00460071200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb0ffffff20070000900400000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000100109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
50026c030500000013025002530617000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000cc0402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc68040000002d01010008000000
320ac002c506010000002c0008000000320a8e04f004010000004c0008000000320a1e04
8e0301000000440008000000320aa7018c0302000000574c08000000320ac00239000200
0000506510000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000320ac0023502010000003d000a000000
26060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc
0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f001020003000000000000ff
ffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffff0000
000000006500 ( 7 )

aea L – e?i?eiee ?ici?? aia?aoo; W – na?aaeiy oaeaee?noue ?ooo
iioieo;

DL – eiao?oe??io iiacaeiaaeiueiai ia?ai?ooaaiiy.

A ?acoeueoao? iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee e?eaeo a?aeaoeo, iaea?aeaieo i?e
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo, aoee ?ic?aoiaai? /eneia?
oa?aeoa?enoeee ? ia?aiao?e aii??e/ieo ? oai?aoe/ieo ooieoe?e ?iciiae?eo,
aecia/ai? cia/aiiy e?eoa??th Iaeea, iiaoaeiaai? aii??e/i? ? oai?aoe/i?
e?ea? ?iciiae?eo aeey ??cieo ie?aeioai?ieo aeaiaio?a ? ??cieo noaae?e.

Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a iieacaa, ui cia/aiiy e?eoa??th Iaeea aeua aeey
“iiaea, ui c??ca?”, i?ae aeey oa?i??ii? eiiaoee.

Iaea?aeai? cia/aiiy e?eoa??th Iaeea aeey an?o aeine?aeaeaiue,
i?iaaaeaieo o ?iaio?, aoee aeei?enoai? a i?ioean? oaieiiai?io i?e
iiaoaeia? e?eoa??aeueieo ??aiyiue, ui aeicaieeoue ia?aoo? aecia/eoe
aoaeo eiaeii? c cai?iiiiiaaieo eiino?oeoe?e.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? i?eae?eaia oaaaa aenia?eiaioaeueiiio ?
oai?aoe/iiio aeine?aeaeaiith oaieiiai?io a iiaeae? ?ioi?iiai
oiieiie?aeiaiai aia?aoa i?e ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo
ianae. I?ioean aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaany ia
aaeineiiaeai?e eaai?aoi?i?e onoaiiaoe? “Karl Kanzler” a AO
“Oe?IAe?O?IIAO”. Aecia/aiiy aieeao ??ciiiai?oieo ia?aiao??a ia nooi?iue
a?aeaiiee eaaeieaoeeo o?aeoe?e aaeueie oneeaaeiaia, oiio
aeine?aeaeoaaeenue aeaa aoaie ?icaiiee. Ia ia?oiio aoai? – a?aeaiio
i?aeeyaaee eaaeieaoo/? eiiiiiaioe (aaiceiia?, aeecaeuei? o?aeoe??,
aa?aoaiia ianei). Ia ae?oaiio aoai? a?aeaiio i?aeeyaaee oe?eueia?
o?aeoe?? (na?aaei? oa aaaee? ianeyi? o?aeoe??).

?iaioa c ioneo onoaiiaee cae?enith?oueny oaeei /eiii: a i?eeiaeueio
?ie?noue caeeaa?oueny aeine?aeaeoaaeueiee i?iaeoeo (a?aei?aoeueiaaia
ianei). Ia aiiioiaaiee a iiaeaeue ?ioi?iiai aia?aoo
eiiaeainaoi?-oieiaeeeueiee iiaea?oueny ia i?io?e ioieiaeaeoaaeueia
aiaea. C aeiiiiiaith ?aaoeyoi?a caaaea?oueny iaiao?aeiee oaiia?aoo?iee
?aaeei ?icaiiee ? aeeth/a?oueny ia?a??a (i’yea aeaeo?iiaa??aaeueia
ioooa, yea ioiieth? ei?ion iiaeae?). Aei nenoaie aeiiniiai eiiaeainaoi?a
(aeiaethaa/ aoi?eiieo ia??a) caeeaaeanue ioieiaeaeaia aiaea aai
caneiaany eieioee e?ae. C aeiiiiiaith aeiea oi?aae?iiy aeeth/a?ii
aaeooiiee ianin ? iaa?oaiiy ?ioi?iiai i?eno?ith. Noai?th?ii a ia’?i?
aia?aoo oa onoaiiaee a oe?eiio iaiao?aeia ?ic??aeaeaiiy caniaii
?aaoethaaiiy aaioeeai ia ?iciiae?eue/?e eiea?.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ia onoaiiaoe? i?iaiaeeeenue oaeei /eiii: caniaii
ao?aeiiai aaioeey noai?th?oueny iaiao?aeia aeo?aoa aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo
c oiai ?ic?aooieo, ui ieoiia iaaaioaaeaiiy ca oiiae eaiaeueii? iiaea/?
(10 eaiaeue – 1 ie) neeaaeaei 35-50 ea/ai2. Oea aeeeeeaii iaiao?aei?noth
iaea?aeaiiy i?iaeoeoo a?aeaiiee ca iaei? iiaa?oi? oaieiiai?io (F =
0,01 i2) ? a?aeiinii iaeiai oaieiaiai iioieo g = 1100 Ao/i2.

Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoaaeenue oaeei /eiii, ui nenoaia
i?aoethaaea a aeaio oaieiaeo ?aaeeiao (iaa??aaiiy oa aeia?thaaiiy). A
ca’yceo c oeei aeey iiaeae? onoaiiaee aoa ?ic?iaeaiee ? aeaioiaeaiee
aeiaeaoeiaee iaa??aa/, a ia?iaethaaeueiee iio?e aoee aaaaeai? aea?
oa?iiia?e (o?iiaeue-eaiaeue) aeey o?enaoe?? oaiia?aoo?e aoiaeo ? aeoiaeo
aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ianea. Oae ia e?i?? iiaea/? aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo a?ae
eieae aoa iinoaaeaiee iaa??aa/ c i?o?iio, yeee aoa caaeeaeaiee a?ae
?aaoethaaeueiiai cieaeoaaeueiiai o?ainoi?iaoi?a (EAOA?) ? ia?aae
?aaoethaaeueiei aaioeeai aoea aaaaeaia oa?iiia?a. E??i oiai, a ?iai/ee
ia’?i iiaeae? ?ioi?iiai aia?aoo aoea aaaaeaia oa?iiia?a /a?ac eieao
i?eeiio eoaiaiai caeeoeo.

I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy c iaa??ao oa aeia?thaaiiy ia iiaeaeuei?e
onoaiiaoe? “Karl Kanzler” aecia/eee iniiai? iai?yiee iiaeaeueoiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Aeei?enoiaoth/e oai??th iiae?aiino?, iiaeia oyaeoe oaoiieia?/iee
i?ioean nenoaiaie ??aiyiue e?eoa???a:

Nu = AE?io.pPenRemPrkmf . ( 8 )

??aiyiiy e?eoa???a a?aoiaothoue ia o?eueee aieea on?o o?ceei-o?i?/ieo
iieaciee?a ia?iaethaaiiai i?iaeoeoo (a?aei?aoeueiaaiiai ianea), aea e
a?ae?iaeeiai?/i? yaeua, coiiaeai? iaa?oaiiyi ?ioi?iiai i?eno?ith.

A ?acoeueoao? iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aoee iaea?aeai? ??aiyiiy e?eoa???a:

iaa??aaiiy:

oa?i??ia eiiaoea Nu = 0,76k?io.0,195Pe0,78Re0,23Pr0,33m0,242 ( 9 )

i?ae, ui c??ca? Nu = 0,77k?io.0,195Pe0,71Re0,26Pr0,355m0,327 ( 10 )

aeia?thaaiiy:

oa?i??ia eiiaoea Nu = 0,78k?io.0,087Pe0,94Re0,22Pr0,533m0,342 ( 11 )

i?ae, ui c??ca? Nu = 0,81k?io.0,205Pe0,93Re0,24Pr0,292m0,41 ( 12 )

Iaea?aeai? e?eoa??aeuei? caeaaeiino? aeicaieythoue iai i?iaiaeeoe
oaoiieia?/i? ?ic?aooiee i?ioean?a, ye? i?ioiaeyoue a aia?ao?, c aeoiaeii
ia eiai aaiiao?e/i? ?ici??e. Aeiaaeeia aia?aoo (oaieiia?aaeaaaeueia
iiaa?oiy): aeey aia?aoa c oa?i??ieie eiiaoeaie

L1 = (G-Gie)A/?Daaeienp(A-1)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, (13)

aea A = K/(naeienc), a Gie = 0,2G, i?e oeueiio iniiaiee iio?e
ia?ai?uo?oueny a oaee? ia?aae eiiaoeaie,

aeey aia?aoa c nenoaiith “i?ae, ui c??ca?”

L2 = GA(?Danaeienp(A-1)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, (14)

C=Cie o oeueiio aeiaaeeo any aeo?aoa aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo
?iciiae?ey?oueny a ie?aeia?e oa/?? aac iiniaeo oaeeue.

Aea oe? ?ic?aooiee ia aeicaieythoue iiai?noth cae?enieoe i?iaiic
i?ioeano a?aeae?eaiiy ?ao?iaoo a?ae a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae. Aeey
ae??oaiiy oeeo ieoaiue aoee iaea?aeai? ?aa?an?ei? iiaeae?, ye?
aeicaieythoue oaeiae aecia/eoe aieea ??cieo ia?aiao??a ia e?ioeaaee
?acoeueoao i?ioeano.

Aeey oa?i??ii? eiiaoee c ??aiai cia/eiino? ? = 0,05

1 noaae?y: y = -0,964 + 0,0669X1 ( 15 )

2 noaae?y: y = 3,73 + 0,69X1 – 0,567X3, ( 16 )

aea X1 – aeo?aoia oa?aeoa?enoeea, X2- oaiia?aoo?a iiaa?oi?
oaieiiai?io,

X3- ?ic?yaeaeaiiy a ia’?i? aia?aoo.

Aeey c??coaaeueii? ?aiee c ??aiai cia/eiino? ? = 0,05

1 noaae?y: y = 5,07 + 0,0742X1 – 0,042X3 ( 17 )

2 noaae?y: y = 5,75 + 0,763X1 – 0,89X3. ( 18 )

Ia?aiao? X2 (oaiia?aoo?a iiaa?oi? oaieiiai?io) aeyaeany iacia/iei, oae
ye aeaiee ia?aiao? ? noaa?e?coth/ei i?e aaaeaii? i?ioeano. Iaeaea o an?o
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo cia/eiei ? eiao?oe??io ?aa?an??
ia?aiao?a X3 (aaeooi) o ?iai/iio ia’?i? aia?aoo.

A ca’yceo c oeei iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui /ei aeuee oaiia?aoo?iee ?aaeei
?icaiiee aenieiiieaeoey?ieo eiiiiiaio?a a?aei?aoeueiaaiiai iaoeiiiai
ianea, oei a?eueoee aieea ia i?ioean ia?aiao?a X3.

I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ia?iaea iaea?aeaieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo
?acoeueoao?a iaoaiaoe/ieie iaoiaeaie aeicaieeee aecia/eoe aaiiao?e/i?
?ici??e aia?aoa, iieacaoe aeuo aoaeoeai?noue a ?iaio? eiino?oeoe??
ie?aeiooai?ueth/iai aeaiaioa, cae?enieoe aiae?c cia/aiiy aeo?aeieo
ia?aiao??a ia e?euee?noue iaea?aeoaaiiai aeenoeeyoo a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
iaooiaeo ianae. Aea caeeoa?oueny ia aeine?aeaeaiei ieoaiiy ciaoiaeaeaiiy
iaeano? aoaeoeaii? ?iaioe ?ioi?iiai ie?aeiaiai aia?aoo o aeaiiio
i?ioean?.

A yeino? aeo?aeiiai ia?aiao?a aoa ia?aiee ia?aiao?, yeee aecia/aa
aoaeoeai?noue aaaeaiiy oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano. Oea nooi?iue
?icae?eaiiy, yea iiaea aooe i?aaenoaaeaia o aeaio oi?iao. Nooi?iue
?icae?eaiiy ca eoaiaei caeeoeii K1 = Geoa./Gaeo.,

aea Geoa. – e?euee?noue iaea?aeoaaiiai eoaiaiai caeeoeo, Gaeo. –
e?euee?noue iai?aaethaaiiai ao?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo a aia?ao ca
a?aeiia?aeieo ao?aeieo ia?aiao??a (iino?ei?noue oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio,
aaeooi a nenoai?, noaa?euei?noue o?ceei-o?i?/iiai neeaaeo, iino?ei?noue
/anoioe iaa?oaiiy ?ioi?a).

Ae?oaa iiaeeo?eaoe?y nooiai? ?icae?eaiiy K1a = Gaeeno./Gaeo., aea
Gaeeno. – e?euee?noue aeenoeeyoo.

Iaea?aeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei? cia/aiiy nooiai? ?icae?eaiiy ye ooieoe??
a?ae /ano ia?aaoaaiiy i?iaeoeoo a aia?ao? i?e ??cieo oaoiieia?/ieo
?aaeeiao.

Aenia?eiaioaeuei? caeaaeiino? Kj(ti) ? Kja(ti) (i = 1,n), (j = 1,m)
ai?ieneiothoueny a?aeiia?aeii ia?aaie?/iei ooieoe?yi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 ( 19 )

Eiao?oe??ioe o ??aiyii? ciaoiaeeii ca iaoiaeii iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a:

min (yiY – yiO)2. ( 20 )

Iaea?aeaiei caeaaeiinoyi a?aeiia?aeathoue aeaa n?iaenoaa e?eaeo yj(t) ?
yja(t), ye? ia?aoeeathoueny a oi/eao Nj(tj,yj).

Oi/ee ia?aoeio e?eaeo iaea?aeo?ii, ?ica’ycoth/e nenoaio ??aiyiue
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 ( 21 )

O ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaii? iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee aenia?eiaioo iaea?aeo?ii
aea??ee oi/ie tj, yj. Iaiao?aeii iiaoaeoaaoe iaeanoue, a yeo c caaeaiith
eiia??i?noth iiiaaeathoue oi/ee ia?aoeio n?iaenoaa e?eaeo i?e an?o
iiaeeeaeo ?aaeeiao. Aeey oe??? iaoe aoee aecia/ai? aeia??/? ?ioa?aaee
aeey M(t) ? M(y). Ca?aeii c e?oa?aoo?ieie aeaea?aeaie, aeia??/ee
?ioa?aae aeey iaoaiaoe/iiai i/?eoaaiiy aea??ee Oi aecia/a?oueny:
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 ( 22 )

c eiia??i?noth p = 1-a, aea: ? – ia?aiee ??aaiue cia/eiino?;

x – aea??eiaa na?aaei?, S2 – aea??eiaa aeenia?n?y; n – ia’?i aea??ee;

tn,p – cia/aiiy t ?iciiae?eo No’thaeaioa.

Aeia??/? ?ioa?aaee M(t) ? M(y) aoee aecia/ai? aeey aeaio eiino?oeoe?e
?ioi?iiai i?eno?ith (oa?i??ia eiiaoea, “i?ae, ui c??ca?”) ? aeey aeaio
noaae?e i?ioeano (a?aeaiiea eaaeieaoeeo o?aeoe?e oa a?aeaiiea
oe?eueiaiai i?iaeoeoo). Ia ?en. 2 i?aaenoaaeaia iaea?aeaia iaeanoue
aoaeoeaiino? aaaeaiiy oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano aeey oa?i??ii? eiiaoee,
2-i? noaae?? i?ioeano.

?en.2 Iaoiaeaeaiiy oiia iioeiaeueiiai aaaeaiiy i?ioeano

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano ?aaaia?aoe?? aeicaieea iai
?icoe?eoe iaeanoue aeei?enoaiiy aeaiiai aeaeo iaeaaeiaiiy a ii??aiyii? c
?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie, aeacaieie o eaoaeic? “?ioi?i? aeia?ieee”. Oae, i?e
ae?th/eo a eaoaeic? a?aieoeyo aeo?aeiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy 0,055 – 0,11
ea/i2n, a ?iaio? iaea?aeai? oae? a?aieoe? ci?i: 0,03 – 0.13 ea/ i2n.

O ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaii? iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe aoee ae?iaeai?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c eiino?oeoi?nueeeo ?ic?iaie aeine?aeii-i?iieneiaiai
aia?aoo c nenoaiith aiiioiaaiiai eiiaeainaoi?a.

O i’yoiio ?icae?e? i?aaenoaaeaia i?iieneiaa onoaiiaea ia iniia?
?ioi?iiai ie?aeiaiai aia?aoo aeey ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo
iaooiaeo ianae.

I?iieneiaa ia?aa??ea ?ic?iaeaieo oai?aoe/ieo ieoaiue i?iaiaeeeanue ia
onoaiiaoe? ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae i?iaeoeoeai?noth aei 100
e/a c aeo?aeiiai i?iaeoeoo. E??i ?ioi?iiai ie?aeiaiai aeia?ieea c
iiaa?oiath oaieiiai?io F1=0,8 i2, aiia onoaoeiaaia aeiaeaoeiaei
oieiaeeeueieeii–eiiaeainaoi?ii F1=7,5 i2, ?ieiniei iaeaaeiaiiyi,
aeicoaaeueiei oa aaeooiiei ianinaie, nenoaiaie aaoiiaoe/iiai eiio?ieth ?
?aaoethaaiiy. I?ieoiaoe iaeaaeeo ? a?aei?aoethaaiiy iniiaieo ?aaeei?a a
AO “Oe?IAe?O?IIAO”, onoaiiaea aoea ia?aaeaia aei aenieoaoaoe?? o??i?
“Noia?”.

O i’yoiio ?icae?e? i?eae?eaii oaeiae oaaao c ?icoe?aiiy iaeano?
aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iiai ie?aeiaiai aeia?ieea c nenoaiith aiiioiaaiiai
eiiaeainaoi?a.

I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee i?aeoe/io iiaeeea?noue i/enoee a
aeai?e eiino?oeoe?? aia?aoo eaaeieaoeeo eiiiiiaio?a iaooe (ea?ineio,
aaiceio oa aeecaeueiiai iaeueiiai).

Iaiao?aeii a?aecia/eoe, ui aeaia onoaiiaea ia iniia? ?ioi?iiai
ie?aeiaiai aeia?ieea c nenoaiith aiiioiaaiiai eiiaeainaoi?a aac aaeeeeo
eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiue eaaei aeaoi?io?oueny a nenoaio iieaeoey?ii?
aeenoeeyoe??.

Inoaii?e i?ae?icae?e i’yoiai ?icae?eo i?enay/aiee iaa?oiooaaiith
aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? iaeioiiiaaeieo onoaiiaie c ?aaaia?aoe??
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae.

I?eaaaeaiee i?eeeaae ?ic?aooieo e?eueeino? onoaiiaie, iaiao?aeieo aeey
iio?aa ?aa?iio c ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae. Ca
iniiao i?eeiaeanue ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i i?eaooee oa caeoee i?aei?e?inoa i?e
aenieoaoaoe?? aeaieo onoaiiaie ? a?aeiia?aeii ioe?ithaaeanue
aoaeoeai?noue ?iaanoeoe?e ca aeaiith i?iaeaiith.

A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? a?aecia/aeinue, ui c oi/ee ci?o aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? aeaia ?iaioa aeaeyaea? ia?niaeoeaiith, oae ye ia? iaaaeeeee
no?ie ieoia?iino? – 2 ?iee i?e oa?i?i? ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aac
eai?oaeueiiai ?aiiioo 8 ?ie?a. Aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae cai?iaaaeaeaiiy
iaei??? onoaiiaee neeaaea? 329000 a?i., c ioeueiaith caeeoeiaith
aa?o?noth oa no?ieii ieoia?iino? 2 ?iee.

AENIIAEE

1. Ia iniia? e?oa?aoo?iiai aiae?co c ieoaiue i?ioeano ? aia?aoo?iiai
ioi?ieaiiy ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaiiai iaoeiiiai ianea ?
??ciinoi?iiiuei? eiino?oeoi?nueei? i?i?iaee cai?iiiiiaaia aeey
aeine?aeaeaiiy eiino?oeoe?y ?ioi?iiai ie?aeiaiai aia?aoa c iiaei
ie?aeioai?iei i?eno?i?i ? aiiioiaaiei eiiaeainaoi?ii.

2. I?iaaaeai? eiiieaeni? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iaioe ia iiaeaeyo ?ioi?iiai
aia?aoa c ??cieie eiino?oeoe?yie ie?aeioai?ieo i?eno?i?a.

3. Noai?ai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?, ye? iienothoue a?ae?iaeeiai?/io
ianoaiiaeo o ?ioi?iiio aia?ao? i?e canoinoaaii? ??cieo ie?aeioai?ieo
i?eno?i?a ? i?iaaaeaii c ?o aeiiiiiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy a?ae?iaeeiai?ee
i?e ci?i? iniiaieo ia?aiao??a a oe?ieeo a?aieoeyo.

4. Ia eaai?aoi?i?e iiaeaeuei?e onoaiiaoe? i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? oaieiiai?io a ?ioi?iiio aia?ao? iaeaaeiaiiio ??cieie
ie?aeinoai?thth/eie i?eno?iyie ? ia iniia? iaoiaea iaoaiaoe/ii?
noaoenoeee i?iaaaeaia ia?iaea aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo c oaieiiai?io,
ui aeicaieeee noai?eoe e?eoa??aeuei? caeaaeiino?, aecia/ath/e?
eiao?oe??ioe oaieiia?aaea/? a ?ioi?iiio aia?ao?, ui aeicaiey?
c??aithaaoe ??ci? eiino?oeoeai? i?eno?i? ? aecia/eoe ?ici??e aia?aoo.

5. Iaoiaeii ?aa?an?eiiai aiae?co aeine?aeaeai? ?acoeueoaoe ?icaiieo
a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae ia ?ioi?iiio oiieiie?aeiaiio aia?ao?, ui
aeicaieeei aecia/eoe nooi?iue aieeao ao?aeieo oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a
ia e?euee?niee iieaciee aeenoeeyoa.

6. Aeine?aeaeai? caeaaeiino? nooiai? ?icae?eo a?ae /ano i?aaoaaiiy
ia?iaey?iiai i?iaeoeoo a ?ioi?iiio aia?ao?, io?eiai? n?i’? ia?aoeeath/eo
ia?aaie?/ieo e?eaeo c oa?aeoa?ieie oi/eaie, aecia/ai? iaeano? aoaeoeaieo
??oaiue oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae.

7. Ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeieo ? eiino?oeoi?nueeeo ?ia?o
?ic?iaeaia ? aeaioiaeaia a AI “Oe?IAe?O?IIAO” i?iieneiaa iaeioiiiaaeia
onoaiiaea aeey ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo iaoeiieo ianae
i?iaeoeoeai?noth 0,013 ea/n (100 e/a) ii aeo?aeiiio i?iaeoeoo.

8. I?iaaaeaii aeiiii?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ai?iaaaeaeaiiy onoaiiaie c
iioaioe?aeueiiai ?eieo, ui neeaaea? 329 oeny/ a?i. ia iaeio onoaiiaeo,
no?ie ieoia?iino? – 2 ?iee, c ?ic?aooieo 8 ?ie?a i?aoeacaeaoiino?
onoaiiaie aac ?aiiioo.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE AEEEAAeAII O

IANOOIIEO IOAE?EAOe?ssO

1. Aiioei A.A., Ea/aiia A.A., Aiioei I.A. ?ac?aaioea e enneaaeiaaiea
i?ioeanna ?aaai?aoeee io?aaioaiiuo iaoeiiuo ianae. //Nai?iee iao/iuo
o?oaeia OAIO “Yeieiaey e ?ano?ninaa?aaeaiea”. – Oa?ueeia. – 1997. – O.
2. – N. 90-96.

2. Aiio?i A.I., Ea/aiia A.A., Ai?iiia A.I., Aiio?i I.A. Iaeaaeiaiiy oa
oaoiieia?y ?aaaia?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianoee a eieaeueieo onoaiiaeao
iiooaei?noth aei 100 e/a. //O?i?/ia i?iieneia?noue Oe?a?ie. – 1998. – ?
1. – N. 71-72.

3. Aiioei I.A. Aiaeec i?ioeannia ?aaaia?aoeee ianae a ?ioi?iuo
aiia?aoao. //Aanoiee Oa?ueeianeiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai iieeoaoie/aneiai
oieaa?neoaoa. – Oa?ueeia. – 1998. – Aui. 16. – N. 143-145.

4. Aiioei I.A., Aeieeueieoeuia E.I. Iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee i?ioeannia
?aaaia?aoeee ianae a ?ioi?iuo oiieiieaii/iuo aiia?aoao. //Aanoiee
Oa?ueeianeiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai iieeoaoie/aneiai oieaa?neoaoa. –
Oa?ueeia. – 1998. – Aui. 18. – N. 172-175.

5. Oea/ A.A., Aiioei I.A. Eiino?oeoi?neea ?aoaiey aiia?aoa a i?ioeanna
?aaaia?aoeee ia?aaioaiiuo ianae. //Aanoiee Oa?ueeianeiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai iieeoaoie/aneiai oieaa?neoaoa. – Oa?ueeia. – 1998. –
Aui. 26. – N. 56-60.

6. Aiioei I.A. Aiaeec i?ioeannia ?aaaia?aoeee ianae a oiieiieaii/iuo
?ioi?iuo aiia?aoao. //Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia OAIO “Eioi?iaoeeiiiua
oaoiieiaee: iaoea, oaoieea, oaoiieiaey, ia?aciaaiea, caei?iauea”. – Aui.
6. – Oa?ueeia: OAIO. – 1998. – N. 387-390.

7. Aiioei I.A. No?oeoo?e?iaaiea aeeaeeinoiuo iioieia ia
ieaieiia?acothueo yeaiaioao aa?oeeaeueiuo ?ioi?iuo oiieiieaii/iuo
aiia?aoia. //Nai?iee iao/iuo o?oaeia OAIO “Eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee:
iaoea, oaoieea, oaoiieiaey, ia?aciaaiea, caei?iauea”. – Aui. 5. –
Oa?ueeia: OAIO. – 1997. – N. 331-334.

8. Aiioei I.A., Oea/ A.A. Oaoiieiaey ?aaaia?aoeee io?aaioaiiuo iaoeiiuo
ianae. //II iaaeaeoia?iaeiue neiiiceoi iieiaeuo o/aiuo, anie?aioia e
nooaeaioia “Oaoieea e oaoiieiaey yeieiae/anee /enouo i?iecaiaenoa”. –
Iineaa: IAOEY. – 1998. – N. 6.

AIIOAOe??

Aiio?i I.A. ?aaaia?aoe?y ni?aoeueiaaieo ieia?aeueieo ianoee, – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.05.13 – iaoeie oa aiia?aoe o?i?/ieo ae?iaieoeoa.-
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, Oa?e?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa i?enay/aia ?ic?iaoe? iiaiai oeio ?ioi?iiai aia?aoo
(c? niaoe?aeueiith eiino?oeoe??th ie?aeinoai?thth/aai aeaiaioo), yeee
aeicaiey? cae?enieoe ?aaai?aoe?th iaoeiieo ianae ia iaeioiiiaaeieo
onoaiiaeao. A ?iaio? c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiae?a o?ce/iiai oa
iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy i?ioean?a a?ae?iaeeiai?ee oa oaieiiai?io,
ye? a?aeaoaathoueny a ?ioi?ieo oiieiie?aeiaeo aia?aoao , aoea
aeine?aeaeaia aoaeoeai?noue ??ciiiai?oieo eiino?oeoeee
ie?aeinoai?thth/eo aeaiaio?a ? iieacaia aeua aoaeoeai?noue
cai?iiaiiaaii? eiino?oeoe??. Cai?iiaiiaai iaoiae ?ic?aooieo ?ici???a
aia?aoo, yeee aeicaiey? ia?aeoe a?ae aeine?aeii? onoaiiaee aei
i?iieneiai?, ?ic?iaeaia aia?aoo?ii-oaoiieia?/ia noaia i?ioeano
?aaai?aoe?? a?aei?aoeueiaaieo ianae canoiniaii aei iaeioiiaaeieo
onoaiiaie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ?aaai?aoe?y ni?aoeueiaaieo ianoee, ?ioi?iee
oiieiie?aeiaee aeia?thaa/, ie?aeiooai?thth/ee aeaiaio “c??cath/ee i?ae”,
iiniaa aieia, e??oa??e Iaeea, e?ea? aeaeaoeo.

Anokhin P.G. Regeneration of waste lubrication oils. – Thesis.

Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences at the
05.05.13 – machines and apparatus of chemical industry. – Kharkov State
Polytechnic University, Kharkov, 1999.

The dissertation is dedicated to the development of the equipment of
waste lubrication oils regeneration. The new decision of filmforming
elements of rotor film evaporator is proposed that allow us increasing
productivity of the process. The impact of different types of
filmforming elements is studied in the dissertation thesis. On the basis
of current scientific search recommendations of engineering of pilot
industrial apparatus, with the internal condenser, are proposed.

Key words: regeneration of waste lubrication oils, rotor film
evaporator, filmforming element “cutting knife ”, “nose wave”, criterion
Pe, curves of respondence.

Aiioei I.A. ?aaaia?aoeey io?aaioaiiuo iaoeiiuo ianae, ?oeiienue

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.05.13 – Oa?ueeianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue
Iieeoaoie/aneee Oieaa?neoao, Oa?ueeia, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa iinayuaia ?ac?aaioea iiaiai oeia ?ioi?iiai
aiia?aoa c nenoaiie ano?iaiiiai eiiaeainaoi?a, ni niaoeeaeueiie
eiino?oeoeeae ieaieiia?acothuaai yeaiaioa, eioi?ue iicaieyao
inouanoaeoue ?aaai?aoeeth iaoeiiuo ianae ia iaeioiiiaaeiuo onoaiiaeao. A
?aaioa enneaaeiaaeenue nenoaiu ieaieiia?acothueo yeaiaioia ia iniiaa
o?aaeeoeeiiiie oa?ie?iie eiiaoee e oa?ie?iie ?aiee – “n?acathuee iiae”.
I?aaenoaaeaiiay a ?aaioa aeae?iaeeiaie/aneay eaai?aoi?iay onoaiiaea,
iicaieeea inouanoaeoue eiiieaen yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee
aeeaeeinoiuo iioieia ia ieaieiia?acothueo yeaiaioao e ii?aaeaeeoue
yooaeoeaiinoue yeaiaioia. Aieaa oeaeaniia?aciui yaeyaony i?eiaiaiea
nenoaiu “n?acathuee iiae”, o.e. a yoii neo/aa ionoonoaotho iiniaua aieiu
e aanue aeeaeeinoiie iioie ia?aoiaeeo a ieaii/iia
aunieioo?aoeece?iaaiiia oa/aiea. I?aeiouanoai “n?acathuaai iiaea”
caeeth/aaony a i/enoea iiaa?oiinoe oaieiiaiaia io oaa?aeuo ia?aciaaiee e
iaania/iey eo auaiaea n iiaa?oiinoe aiia?aoa. Eniieueciaaiea nenoaiu
aiineiiai aiciouaiey a aeeaeeinoiie iioie iicaieeei iieo/eoue naiaenoai
e?eauo ioeeeea, iiaeoaa?aeeaoeo aeinoiaa?iinoue auneacaiiuo
i?aaeiieiaeaiee.

Iieo/aia iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue aeae?iaeeiaie/aneiai aeaeaeaiey
aeeaeeinoiiai iioiea i?e enneaaeiaaiee oa?ie?iie eiiaoee e “n?acathuaai
iiaea”, /oi iicaieeei ii?aaeaeoue iniiaiie oaeoi?, aeeythuee ia i?ioeann
ieaii/iiai oa/aiey – e?eoa?ee Iaeea.

A ?acoeueoaoa iaoaiaoe/aneie ia?aaioee e?eauo ioeeeea auee ?an/eoaiu
/eneiaua oa?aeoa?enoeee e ia?aiao?u yiia?e/aneeo e oai?aoe/aneeo
ooieoeee ?ani?aaeaeaiey.

I?iaaaeaiea ia eaai?aoi?iie onoaiiaea enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo ?aaio ii
oaieiiaiaio iicaieeei ii?aaeaeeoue iniiaiua iooe aaaeaiey i?ioeanna
?aaai?aoeee io?aaioaiiuo ianae. I?ioeann iiae?acaeaeyaony ia aeaa
noaaeee, aaea ia ia?aie inouanoaeyaony ioaii eaaeieaoo/eo
o?aeoeee(aaiceiiaie, aeecaeueiie, aa?aoaiiie), a ia aoi?ie i?ioeann
oa?ie/aneiai ?aceiaeaiey oeaeaaie o?aeoeee io?aaioaiiiai ianea.
?anniao?eaay eiiieaen aeae?iaeeiaie/aneeo e oaieiauo i?ioeannia,
iieo/eee e?eoa?eaeueiua o?aaiaiey aeey aeaoo aeaeia ieaieiia?acothueo
yeaiaioia.

Iieo/aiiua e?eoa?eaeueiua o?aaiaiey iicaieeee ii?aaeaeeoue
yooaeoeaiinoue i?ioeanna oaieiiaiaia ia ?aciuo noaaeeyo ?acaiiee
io?aaioaiiuo iaoeiiuo ianae i?e eniieueciaaiee ?acee/iuo
ieaieiia?acothueo yeaiaioia, a oaeaea iieacaoue aieueooth yooaeoeaiinoue
i?aaeeiaeaiiie a ?aaioa eiino?oeoeee. E?eoa?eaeueiua o?aaiaiey auee
oaeaea eniieueciaaiu iaie aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aaiiao?e/aneeo ?acia?ia
aiia?aoa.

Aeey iieo/aiey iieiie eioi?iaoeee i aaaeaiee oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna
auea i?iecaaaeaia ia?aaioea aeaiiuo yenia?eiaioa iaoiaeii ?aa?anneiiiiai
aiaeeca, /oi iicaieeei ii?aaeaeeoue cia/eiinoue iniiaiuo
oaeoi?ia(?anoiae, oaiia?aoo?a oaieiia?aaeathuae iiaa?oiinoe, aaeooi a
aiia?aoa).

Noaiaiue eioaineoeeaoeee i?ioeanna oa?ie/aneiai ?acaeaeaiey
io?aaioaiiiai ianea a ?ioi?iii oiieiieaii/iii aiia?aoa ii?aaeaeyeanue,
eae noaiaiue ?acaeaeaiey ii eoaiaiio inoaoeo e aeenoeeeyoo ooieoeee
a?aiaie i?aauaaiey. Iieo/aiiua naiaenoaa e?eauo eiatho oi/ee
ia?ana/aiey, iieo/eaoea iacaaiea oa?aeoa?iuo oi/ae. Yoe oi/ee e iaeanoe
aie?oa ieo iicaieeee ii?aaeaeeoue a?aieoeu onoie/eaie ?aaiou
oiieiieaii/iiai aiia?aoa a i?ioeanna ?aaai?aoeee io?aaioaiiuo
ieia?aeueiuo ianae. I?iaaaeaiiue aiaeec oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna a
?ioi?iii oiieiieaii/iii aiia?aoa iicaieee ?anoe?eoue iaeanoue i?eiaiaiey
aeaiiiai aeaea iai?oaeiaaiey.

I?iaaaeaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iicaieeee au?aaioaoue ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeey
eiino?oeoi?neeo ?ac?aaioie aiia?aoa, ?an/eoaoue ?acia?u i?iiuoeaiiie
onoaiiaee.

?ac?aaioaia aiia?aoo?ii-oaoiieiae/aneay noaia i?ioeanna ?aaai?aoeee
io?aaioaiiuo ieia?aeueiuo ianae.

Ia iniiaa ecaioiaeaiiiai ?ioi?iiai oiieiieaii/iiai aiia?aoa auea
?ac?aaioaia e ecaioiaeaia onoaiiaea. Iia i?ioea ioneiiaeaaei/iua
eniuoaiey e iieacaea aunieoth yooaeoeaiinoue eae ?aaaia?aoi? ia oieueei
iaoeiiuo, ii e ethauo ieia?aeueiuo(o?ainoi?iaoi?iuo, o?ainienneiiiuo e
o.ae.) ianae. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy onoaiiaea yenieoaoe?oaony ia iaeii
i?aaei?eyoee “Noia?”.

?aaioa auea oaeaea ioeaiaia n oi/ee c?aiey yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe.
I?iaaaeai ia?eaoeiaiaue aiaeec ?uiea aeaiiiai oeia iai?oaeiaaiey a
?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai auyniaii, /oi aeaiiue aeae iai?oaeiaaiey yaeyaony
ia?niaeoeaiui aeey ?uiea Oe?aeiu e NIA, au/eneai n?ie ieoiaaiinoe 2
aiaea, ?ac?aaioai ieai aaaeaiey i?iaeoa, au/eneaii aeeneiioe?iaaiiia
aeaeaeaiea aeaiaaeiuo iioieia ii i?iaeoo.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: ?aaaia?aoeey io?aaioaiiuo ianae, ?ioi?iue
oiieiieaii/iue enia?eoaeue, ieaieiia?acothuee yeaiaio “n?acathuee iiae”,
iiniaay aieia, e?eoaee Iaeea, e?eaua ioeeeea.

I?aei. aei ae?oeo Oi?iao 60*84/16. Iai?? ae?oe

Oi. ae?oe. a?e. 1. Oe?aae 100. Cai. 95-10

Iaae?oeiaaii ia ??cia?ao? o??ie “I?ei?eoao”, 310002, i. Oa?e?a,

Aoe. *a?aiiii?aii?ia, aoae.6,e.18

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