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Формування в учнів 8-9 класів інтересу до технічних професій у процесі трудової підготовки: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / О.В. Осипов, Нац. пед. у

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IAOe?IIAEUeIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

?iai? I.I.Ae?AAIIAIIAA

Ineiia Ieaenaiae? A?eoi?iae/

OAeE 371.012

OI?IOAAIIss A O*I?A 8-9 EEAN?A ?IOA?ANO

AeI OAOI?*IEO I?IOAN?E

O I?IOeAN? O?OAeIAI? I?AeAIOIAEE

13.00.02 – oai??y oa iaoiaeeea o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee Oeiaiei Ieeiea Iao?iae/,

?inoeooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi???th
o?oaeiaiai aeoiaaiiy oa i?ioan?eii? i???ioaoe??

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Oaaei?eoei Ai?en Ieaen?eiae/,

?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe AII Oe?a?ie,
caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi???th ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? i???ioaoe??

– eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Aiae??yoei Aieiaeeie? ?aaiiae/,

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa,

aeaeai iaaeaaia?/ii-?iaeono??aeueiiai oaeoeueoaoo

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Caii??cueeee iaeaniee ?inoeooo oaeineiiaeaiiy
a/eoae?a, eaoaae?a iaaeaaia?ee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie,
i.Caii??aeaey

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 11 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?. i ” 16-30 ” aiae.

ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 26.053.05 a
Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa
(252601, Ee?a, aoe.Ie?iaiaa, 9)

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, Ee?a,
aoe.Ie?iaiaa, 9)

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii ” 9 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee A.I.Iaca?aiei

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? ia?aoai?aiiy a
aea?aeaa? ni?eythoue ?icaeoeo ae?iaie/eo nee, oaeineiiaeaiith cania?a
ae?iaieoeoaa, ?ai?aai?caoe?? aioo??oi?o ? ciai?oi?o ae?iaie/eo
a?aeiinei, ainiiaea?nueeiai iaoai?cio. O ca`yceo c oeei iinoa? i?iaeaia
noai?aiiy iaiao?aeieo oiia aeey ?inoo ?ioaeaeooaeueiiai ? o?oaeiaiai
iioaioe?aeo noni?euenoaa, i?eioeeiiaiai iiiaeaiiy ae?yeueiino?
na?aaeiuei? caaaeueiiina?oiuei? ? i?ioan?eii? oe?e o i?aeaioiaoe?
oeiey??a aei aeeooy o iiaeo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao.

Iaeiei ?c iai?yie?a i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe o na?aaei?o
caaaeueiiina?oi?o caeeaaeao ? oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei iaeaooiuei?
i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?. Oai?aoe/i? ?ic?iaee aeaii? i?iaeaie o
a?o/eciyi?e iaaeaaia?/i?e iaooe? ?ice?eaathoueny o iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo
E.O.Ao?y?iaa, N.I.E?yaaeaea, A.?.Eaa/aiea, A.I.Iaaec?aiia,
?.I.Iaaethoaieiaa, A.I.Naeoaoaaa, A.Ae.Neiiiaiea, Ae.I.Niaoai?ia,
I.I.Oeiaiea, Ae.I.Ooi?aeaanueeiai, A.I.Oaaei?eoeia, I.N.ssioeo?a.
Cie?aia, iaea?eueo aea/ai? ieoaiiy ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iniia
i?aai?caoe?? ? i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe, ni?yiiaaii? ia
oi?ioaaiiy iioea?a aeai?o i?ioan??, nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo i?iaeai
i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe.

I?iaeaia i???ioaoe?? oeiey??a ia oaoi?/i? i?ioan?? ?icaeyaea?oueny o
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo inoaiiueiai aeanyoee?ooy
(A.A.Aan, ?.?.Aa?ae/, A.E.Neaei?aiei, A.A.Oa?auoe).

No/aniee ?eiie ?iai/i? neee a Oe?a?i? ia?a?iciiae?eaiee o a?e ia?aaaae
i?ioan?e iaiaoa??aeueii? noa?e ae?iaieoeoaa, a naia: iaiaaeaea?, th?eno,
ia?aeeaaea/, aeiiii?no oiui. Iaeiae, a/ai? noaa?aeaeothoue, ui
ia?iaeiiio ainiiaea?noao e?a?ie iio??ai? i?aaenoaaieee ianiaeo
?ia?oie/eo i?ioan?e, ?c yeeo 70% iathoue aooe aenieieaae?o?eiaaieie
niaoe?ae?noaie. I?ioa no/ania oeiea ana ua iaaeinoaoiuei caaacia/o?
i?aeaioiaeo o/i?a aei i?aoe? o noa?? iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, a
oaeiae oi?ioaaiiy o ieo ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e.

I?ioan?eia i???ioaoe?y oeiey??a noa?oiai i?aee?oeiaiai a?eo o i?aeoeoe?
no/anieo oe?e iaaeinoaoiuei i?aee??ieaia ii?iaoeaieie aeieoiaioaie
(i?ia?aiaie na?aaei?o caaaeueiiina?oi?o caeeaae?a), cae?enith?oueny
ai?ciaee/ii oa ia nenoaiaoe/ii. sse i?aaeei, a/eoae? aeathoue eeoa
?ioi?iaoe?th i?i ie?ai? i?ioan??, a aea/aiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae o/i?a, cae?aiinoae, iaoee?a, ?ioa?an?a caeeoa?oueny iica
oaaaith. Oaea nenoaia ?iaioe ia aoaeoeaia. Aei oiai ae, a/eoae? /ano?oa
caa?oathoue oaaao o/i?a ia oae caai? i?anoeaei? i?ioan??, a ia ia
oaoi?/i? niaoe?aeueiino?. ?ioa?an, yeee aeieea? a ?acoeueoao? aieeao
aaaaoueio aeiaaeeiaeo oaeoi??a, ia a?ae??ciy?oueny aeeaeiith ?
no?ee?noth. I?e/iio aeacai? iaaeie?ee a ?iaio? iaaeaaia?/ieo eieaeoea?a
na?aaei?o caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e iathoue, ye na?ae/aoue aeine?aeaeaiiy,
ia iaeeie/iee, a caaaeueiee oa?aeoa?.

I?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei iaaieo i?ioan?e ?ic?iaeyeany ye
a?o/eciyieie, oae ? ca?oa?aeieie a/aieie. A/ai? aecia/athoue oeth
i?iaeaio ca o?ueiia ?? aniaeoaie: nioe?aeueieie, ineoieia?/ieie oa
iaaeaaia?/ieie.

O nioe?ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo I.A.Aaenao?a, I.O.Oeoie, A.I.Ooae?ia oa
?i. ?ice?eaathoueny ieoaiiy aeai?o i?ioan?? ia iniia? oe?ii?nieo
i???ioaoe?e.

Ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? aniaeoe oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano oeiey??a
?ic?iaeyeenue ? aeine?aeaeoaaeenue no/anieie a?o/eciyieie oa
ca?oa?aeieie a/aieie: A.?.Aiae??yoeiei, ?.?.Aa?ae/ai, I.TH.Aieiiooieii,
I.A.Aeaieeaieii, ?.I.Eeeiiaei, N.I.E?yaaeaea, A.I.Iaaec?aiiii,
I.TH.Iaoyo, A.I.Iieyei, ?.I.Iaaethoaieiaei, E.E.Ieaoiiiaei,
A.O.Naoa?iaei, A.Ae.Neiiiaieii, I.I.Oeiaieii, A.I.Oaaei?eoeiei,
N.I.*enoyeiaith, I.I.Oaa/aiei, I.N.ssioeo?ii oa ?i.

Nenoaia ?iaioe uiaei oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a 8-9 eean?a aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e o iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? ? i?aeoeoe? iaaeinoaoiuei aeine?aeaeaia.
Ie?ai? ?ic?iaee c oe??? i?iaeaie noinothoueny aai oai?aoe/ieo ia?iaie,
aai i?aeoe/iiai aeina?aeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy nie?a?oueny ia eaoaai??th o/i?a 8-9 eean?a, oae ye naia
o oe??? a?eia?e a?oie aeieea? i?aaiaiiy i?iyaeoe naaa o iaai?e
ae?yeueiino?, caaino?th?oueny iio?aaa o naiiaecia/aii? ?
naii?aae?caoe??. Ia?aae o/iyie 9 eeano anoa? i?iaeaia aeai?o, a?ae yei?
caeaaeeoue ?o iiaeaeueoee oeyo – i?iaeiaaeoaaoe iaa/aiiy o
caaaeueiiina?oi?e /e i?ioan?ei?e oeie?. Iaeia ?c caaaeaiue o?oaeiaiai
iaa/aiiy iieyaa? o oiio, uia aeiiiiiaoe ?ice?eoe iaoeee, cae?aiino?,
?ioa?ane aeioneiee?a aei o??? /e ?ioi? oaoi?/ii? i?ioan?? a i?ioean?
o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee, iaaeaoe iaiao?aei? ciaiiy, oi?iiy ? iaae/ee, ye?
aeiiiiiaeooue naiino?eii iae?aoe na?e i?ioan?eiee oeyo o aeeoo?.

Naia o oeueiio a?oe? oi?io?oueny naiina?aeii?noue ye ona?aeiieaiiy naaa
o noni?euenoa?, ?icaeaa?oueny nioe?aeueia aeoeai?noue. Iaeiae oeiey?ai
aaaeei naiino?eii ciaeoe i???ioe? o ??ciiiai?oiiio na?o? i?ioan?e oa
niaoe?aeueiinoae.

A?aoiaoth/e aeooaeuei?noue aeaii? i?iaeaie ? ?? iaaeinoaoith ?ic?iaeo o
iaaeaaia?oe?, ie aecia/eee oaio iaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy: “Oi?ioaaiiy a
o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e o i?ioean? o?oaeiai?
i?aeaioiaee”.

Oaia aeena?oaoe?? aoiaeeoue aei ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe
?inoeoooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie ye neeaaeiaa oaie
“Iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ia ia??oiooaaiiy ci?noo ? iaaeaaia?/ieo cania?a
o?oaeiaiai noaiiaeaiiy ? i?ioan?eiiai naiiaecia/aiiy o/i?anueei? iieiae?
o ??cieo oeiao ina?oiuei-aeoiaieo caeeaae?a Oe?a?ie a oiiaao ?eieiai?
aeiiii?ee” (? 0197U004454).

Ia`?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy: oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy: ci?no ? caniae oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae o i?ioean? o?oaeiai?
i?aeaioiaee.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ia??oiooaaii? ? aenia?eiaioaeuei?e
ia?aa??oe? aoaeoeaiino? ?aae?caoe?? ci?noo oa iaaeaaia?/ieo cania?a
oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e o i?ioean?
o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee.

A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o oiio, ui oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e aoaea a?eueo aoaeoeaiei, yeui:

– caaacia/eoe o?niee aca?iica`ycie ? ianooii?noue ci?noo iaa/aeueiiai,
i?ioi???ioaoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo o i?ia?aiao o?oaeiaiai i?io?eueiiai
iaa/aiiy oa eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”;

– ?iaeea?aeoae?coaaoe oa aeeoa?aioe?thaaoe iaa/aeueii-o?oaeiao
ae?yeuei?noue o/i?a ia iniia? aea/aiiy ?o ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae;

– a oiae? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee aeei?enoiaoaaoe a?eaaaeio oi?io
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, i?iaeaii? caaea/?, caaaeaiiy oa
eaai?aoi?ii-i?aeoe/i? ?iaioe c i?ioi???ioaoe?eiei ci?noii.

Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:

1. I?iaiae?coaaoe ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy a?o/eciyieo oa
ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo c i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a.

2. Ooi/ieoe nooi?noue iiiyooy “?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e”.

3. Iaa?oiooaaoe ci?no ? caniae oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano
aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe aoaeoeai?noue ?o
?aae?caoe??.

4. Ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeaiooaaoe iaoiaee/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii oi?ioaaiith a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e.

Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia a/aiiy i?i ?ieue i?aoe? a oi?ioaaii? ethaeeie,
a/aiiy i?i ?icaeoie iniaenoino? oa ?? aeoeai?noue o o?oaeia?e
ae?yeueiino?, i?i ?aei?noue iaa/aiiy ? aeoiaaiiy o i?aeoeoe? ?iaioe
oeiee.

O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaeenue oae? iaoiaee: aiae?c
o?einionueei?, ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? ? oaoi?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, aea/aiiy
iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo, iaaeaaia?/ia niinoa?aaeaiiy, aieaooaaiiy,
?ioa?a`thaaiiy ? aan?aee c o/iyie, aenia?oia ioe?iea aenia?eiaioaeueieo
i?ia?ai, iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio.

Iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio ye i?ia?aeiee iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?iaiaeeany o oeieao Ee?anueei? (i.Ee?a NCO ?188, NCO ?217; i.Aeoai?iae
NCO ?1) oa Caii??cueei? (i.I?eii?nuee NCO ?1; i.Aa?aeyinuee NCO ?6, NCO
?11, INCO ?13) iaeanoae. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny o o?e aoaie
i?ioyaii 1994-1999 ??.

Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1994-1995 ??.) aoei i?iaiae?ciaaii
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/io e?oa?aoo?o, o?einionuee? i?aoe?, oai??th ?
i?aeoeeo i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioan?eii? i???ioaoe?? oeiey??a 8-9-o eean?a
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e, noi?ioeueiaaii oaio, aecia/aii a?iioaco,
caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaeaii iiiyo?eiee aia?ao. I?iaaaeaii
eiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaio, ?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aio oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1996-1997 ??.) aoei i?iaaaeaii oi?ioth/ee
aenia?eiaio, o i?ioean? yeiai aecia/aii iaea?eueo aoaeoeai? caniae
oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1998-1999 ??.) aenia?eiaioaeuei? iaoa??aee aea/aii,
i?iaiae?ciaaii ? ?ioa?i?aoiaaii, iaienaii oaeno aeena?oaoe??. Ia?aa??aii
aeinoia??i?noue io?eiaieo aeaieo, ui aeaei ciiao c?iaeoe inoaoi/i?
aeniiaee, ooi/iaiiy, ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii oi?ioaaiith a o/i?a 8-9
eean?a caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? oai?aoe/ii
ia??oioiaaii? ? aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??aii? iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy a
o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, nooi?noue yei?
caiaeeoueny aei caaacia/aiiy o?niiai aca?iica`yceo ? ianooiiino? ci?noo
iaa/aeueiiai, i?ioi???ioaoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo o i?ia?aiao o?oaeiaiai
i?io?eueiiai iaa/aiiy oa eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae”; caaacia/aiiy ?iaeea?aeoae?caoe?? oa aeeoa?aioe?aoe??
iaa/aeueii-o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a ia iniia? aea/aiiy ?o
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo iniaeeainoae; aeei?enoaiiy a oiae? o?oaeiai?
i?aeaioiaee i?iaeaiieo caaea/, caaaeaiue oa eaai?aoi?ii-i?aeoe/ieo ?ia?o
c i?ioi???ioaoe?eiei ci?noii.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui:

– ooi/iaii nooi?noue iiiyooy “?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e”, aecia/aii
aoaie eiai oi?ioaaiiy;

– ?ic?iaeaii ??ai? oa e?eoa??? aecia/aiiy noi?iiaaiino? a o/i?a ?ioa?ano
aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

– ia??oioiaaii ci?no aenia?eiaioaeueii? i?ia?aie o?oaeiaiai i?io?eueiiai
iaa/aiiy;

– ia??oioiaaii ci?no oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”.

I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? ? ao?eaii? o
i?aeoeeo ?iaioe oeiee aenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iaiaaieo i?ia?ai c o?oaeiaiai
i?io?eueiiai iaa/aiiy, oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae” oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a
8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?
aeey oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e a o/i?a 8-9-o eean?a
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e, ye? ?icoaoiaai? a i?noao ? ?aa?iiao Oe?a?ie c
aenieei i?iieneiaei iioaioe?aeii.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? o oai?aoe/i?e ?ic?iaoe? oa ia??oiooaaii?
iniiaieo ?aeae ? iieiaeaiue aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie; aaciina?aaei?e
i?aai?caoe?? ? i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe;
eiinoeueooaaii? oa caaacia/aii? iaoiaee/ieie iaoa??aeaie a/eoae?a,
caae?yieo a aenia?eiaio?.

Aeinoia??i?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy caaacia/o?oueny
iaoiaeieia?/iei ia??oiooaaiiyi aeo?aeieo iiceoe?e, canoinoaaiiyi
eiiieaeno iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, aaeaeaaoieo eiai iao? ? caaaeaiiyi,
ia?iaeith aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo, ?ai?acaioaoeai?noth
aenia?eiaioaeueii? aea??ee (900 o/i?a), aenia?oiith ioe?ieith i?ia?ai.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny:

1. Ooi/iaia ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia nooi?noue iiiyooy “?ioa?an aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e”.

2. Noeoii?noue e?eoa???a, iieaciee?a oa ??ai?a noi?iiaaiino? a o/i?a 8-9
eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e.

3. I?ioi???ioaoe?eia ni?yiiaai?noue ci?noo o?oaeiaiai i?io?eueiiai
iaa/aiiy oa oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae” ? noeoii?noue iaaeaaia?/ieo cania?a oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e.

Ai?iaaoe?y ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeeny
a caaaeueiiina?oi?o oeieao Ee?anueei? oa Caii??cueei? iaeanoae, a oaeiae
oeyoii ioae?eaoe?e i?ii?aeieo ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy oa iaoiaee/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiia?aeaeeny ?
iaaiai?thaaeeny ia ca?oieo iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo ?inoeoooo iaaeaaia?ee
AII Oe?a?ie (1995-1999), ?inoeoooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie
(1998-1999), Ee?anueeiai i?ae?aa?iiaeueiiai ?inoeoooo oaeineiiaeaiiy
a/eoae?a ?iai? Ai?ena A??i/aiea (1998-1999), ia can?aeaiiyo eaai?aoi???
o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee ? iie?oaoi?/ii? oai?/ino? ?inoeoooo iaaeaaia?ee
AII Oe?a?ie (1994-1999), o?oaeiaiai aeoiaaiiy ? i?ioi???ioaoe??
?inoeoooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII Oe?a?ie (1998-1999).

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy
ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy o 7 ioae?eaoe?yo aeena?oaioa, a oiio /ene? o?ueio
noaoae o oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo.

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe: aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a aei ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae (219) ? aeiaeaoe?a (8 ia 20 noi?.). ?iaioa aeeth/a? 21
oaaeeoeth ia 11 noi?., 1 noaio ia 1 noi?., 5 ae?aa?ai ia 3 noi?.
Caaaeueiee ianya ?iaioe – 188 noi??iie iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo (iniiaia
/anoeia 149 noi??iie).

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? ia??oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/aii ia`?eo, i?aaeiao, iaoo aeine?aeaeaiiy,
noi?ioeueiaaii a?iioaco ? iniiai? caaaeaiiy, ?ice?eoi iaoeiao iiaecio,
oai?aoe/io oa i?aeoe/io cia/ei?noue ?iaioe, iacaai? iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeaii oa?aeoa?enoeeo a??ia?aeiino? eiai ?acoeueoao?a,
aeeeaaeaii? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “I?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy o oeiey??a ?ioa?ano aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e a iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? oa i?aeoeoe?” i?iaaaeaii
aiae?c ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo ?ia?o a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo o/aieo,
noaio aeine?aeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e a
i?ioean? i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe a i?aeoeoe? caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e
Oe?a?ie.

A nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo a/aieo A.?.Aiae??yoeia,
A.A.Aan, I.A.Aaenao?a, A.I.Aa?oiee, A.?.Aeueii?ia, I.I.Cai?ii?,
?.I.Eeeiiaa, A.?.Eaa/aiea, A.I.Iaaec?aiia, I.TH.Iaoyo, I.A.Ie/eaei,
A.A.Iiaeeiaa, I.O.Inoaiaiei, ?.I.Iaaethoaieiaa, A.A.?eaaeea,
A.A.Naa/aiea, A.E.Neaei?aiea, A.Ae.Neiiiaiea, I.I.Oeiaiea, A.A.Oa?auoea,
Ae.I.Ooi?aeaanueeiai, A.I.Oaaei?eoeia, A.?.Oaaei?/oe, I.I.Oaa/aiei oa
?i. aaaeeeaa ?ieue o i?ioean? i?ioan?eiiai noaiiaeaiiy iieiae?
a?aeaiaeeoueny i?iaeaiai o?oaeiaiai noaiiaeaiiy oa i?ioan?eiiai
naiiaecia/aiiy o/i?anueei? iieiae?.

A ?acoeueoaoeaiiio aeai?? i?ioan?? oeiey??a iniaeeaa cia/aiiy iathoue
noi?iiaaiee ?ioa?an, oiio ui a?i ? iniiaith aeey ?icaeoeo a iiaeaeueoiio
i?ioan?eii? ni?yiiaaiino? ? naiina?aeiiino? iniaenoino?.

I?ioean oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae
caaacia/o?oueny a?aeiia?aeieie nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/ieie oiiaaie.

Iaeieie ?c nioe?aeueieo (ciai?oieo) oiia, ui aieeaathoue ia ?icaeoie
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, ? n?i`y, oeiea, caniae ian-iaae?a,
noa?a ae?oaei?o noinoie?a.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy a/aieo na?ae/aoue, ui /anoeia aeioneiee?a iaiiaieo
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e, ye? iaieiae?ee oaoi?/ieie i?ioan?yie
cono??/athoueny c o?oaeiiuaie o i?ioan?ei?e ? nioe?aeuei?e aaeaioaoe??.
Aaaaoi aeioneiee?a ?ioaeaeooaeueii ? ineoieia?/ii ia i?aeaioiaeai? aei
aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? i?aoe? a noa?? no/aniiai iaoai?ciaaiiai,
aaoiiaoeciaaiiai, eiii`thoa?eciaaiiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Aiie iathoue
iaaeinoaoith aeii?ioan?eio i?aeaioiaeo, o ieo a?aenooi? iiceoeai?
aiioe?ei? a?aeiioaiiy aei ia?aii? i?ioan??. Oea i?eaiaeeoue a aaaaoueio
aeiaaeeao aei iaaaoeaieo iane?aee?a i?ioeano nioe?aeueii? ? i?ioan?eii?
aaeaioaoe??, a naia: caie?eaiiy c i?ioan?eiei aecia/aiiyi, iaiaeii?aciaa
ci?ia i?noey ?iaioe aai aeaeo o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino?.

A aeine?aeaeaiiyo A.A.Aan, I.O.Aoeaaeiai?, O.E.Aooa??ii?, ?.?.Aa?ae/a,
I.E.?ea?aa, A.Ae.Eiieoiaa, I.O.Iaacoiiaa, A.I.Naeoaoaaa, I.I.Oeiaiea,
A.I.Oaaei?eoeia ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano oeiey??a a
i?ioean? iaa/aiiy ? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee.

A/ai? aecia/eee oiiae aeoeaii? i???ioaoe?? o/i?a ia ?ia?oie/? i?ioan??,
iia`ycai? c oaoi?/iith i?aoeath. Oea ia?aaeon?i iaiiaiaiiy ci?noo
iaa/aeueieo i?ia?ai oe?eueieo aeenoeeie?i i?ioi???ioaoe?eieie
a?aeiiinoyie. Ia o?ieao o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy aaaeeeai nai?/anii noai?eoe
oiiae aeey aeieeiaiiy iiceoeaiiai noaaeaiiy aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e,
ine?eueee aaaeaiiy ? ai?iiy i?aoethaaoe c aeei?enoaiiyi ?ino?oiaio?a,
aa?noao?a, aeaioiaeyoe ia ieo ae?iae ? ii/aoeii o oi?ioaaii? iiceoeaii?
ioe?iee i?eaaaeeaino? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? iiaeeeaino? ?o aeai?o o
iaeaooiueiio. Oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e aoaeoeaii
cae?enith?oueny a i?ioean? i?io?ioi?iaoe?eii? ?iaioe a/eoae?a ia o?ieao
o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy. Aea ca inoaii? ?iee a caaaeueiiina?oi?o oeieao
e?a?ie i?ioi???ioaoe?eia ?iaioa c o/iyie ciaoiaeeoueny ia iecueeiio
??ai?. I?aai?caoe?eia no?oeoo?a i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe iiaoaeiaaia o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c aeiiaaie inoaiiuei? ?aoi?ie, yea ia iiai?noth
o?aoiaoaaea aeiiae i?eioeeiiai iiaiai nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai noaio
e?a?ie. A eiioeaiooaeueieo iai?yieao ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueii? ina?oe
i?aeoe/i? e?iee aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a oi?aae?iiy iaaeinoaoiuei ni?yiiaai?
ia ?icaeoie i?ioi???ioaoe?? a caaaeueiiina?oi?o oeieao. A oeieao a
ooieoe?iiaeuei? iaia`ycee a/eoae?a ia aoiaeeoue iaia`yceiaa i?iaaaeaiiy
i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe c o/iyie, aee?aeoi?e oe?e, canooiieee c
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe, iaaeaaiae-i?aai?caoi?e iicaeeanii? oa
iicaoe?eueii? ?iaioe, i?aeoe/i? ineoieiae aaaaeathoue oeae iai?yiie
?iaioe ae?oai?yaeiei. A caeeaaeao iiaiai oeio (a?iiac?yo, e?oeayo,
eieaaeaeao oiui) i?ioi???ioaoe?eia ?iaioa caiaeeoueny o?eueee aei
a?aeai?o oeiey??a ia iaai? iai?yiee iaa/aeueii? niaoe?ae?caoe??. sse
iane?aeie, a na?aaei?o caaaeueiiina?oi?o caeeaaeao i?ioi???ioaoe?eia
?iaioa aai ia i?iaiaeeoueny aai cae?enith?oueny noeo?eii. Cie?aia, oea
noino?oueny oaei? aaaeeeai? neeaaeiai? i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe ye
i?io?ioi?iaoe?y.

Aacoth/enue ia ?acoeueoaoao aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue, o?aaa cacia/eoe, ui
a oeieao Oe?a?ie iaaeinoaoiuei oaaae i?eae?ey?oueny i?iaaaeaiith
i?io?ioi?iaoe?eieo caoiae?a, iniaeeai o aaeoc? oaoi?/ii? i?aoe? ?
i?ioan?e. Oeiey?? io?eiothoue i?ioan?eii aaaeeeao ?ioi?iaoe?th o
ianenoaiaoeciaaiiio aeaeyae?. Oae, aeyaeaiiy iniiaieo aeaea?ae
?ioi?iaoe?? i?i i?ioan?th, ui iae?a?oueny, na?aae o/i?a eiio?ieueieo
eean?a iieacaei, ui oeiea ia aeeiio? oea caaaeaiiy ia iaeaaeiiio ??ai?.
Ca iaoeie aeine?aeaeaiiyie o?eueee 12,2% ?aniiiaeaio?a io?eiothoue
i?ioan?eii aaaeeeao ?ioi?iaoe?th ia o?ieao o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy.

Aaaeeeaei aniaeoii o i?aeaioiaoe? o/i?a aei iiaioaaiiy oaoi?/ieie
i?ioan?yie ? nai?/ania aea/aiiy ?o ineoieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae,
iniaeno?nieo yeinoae. O no?oeoo?? ?ioa?ano a oe?eiio oa ?ioa?ano aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e cie?aia aeae?eythoueny iioeaaoe?eiee, aiinoe/iee, aai
i?ciaaaeueiee, aieueiaee oaeoi?e. Ioaea, aeieeiaiiy ?ioa?ano aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e coiiaeaia ia`?eoeaieie oa noa`?eoeaieie i?e/eiaie.
sseui o noa`?eoa aeai?o aeinoaoiuei ?icaeiai? ineoio?c?ieia?/i? yeino? ?
aiie a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai i?ioan??, o noa`?eoa noi?iiaaiee
iioeaaoe?eiee, i?ciaaaeueii-ae?yeuei?niee, aieueiaee eiiiiiaioe, oi
iiaeia aiai?eoe i?i iayai?noue iaiao?aeieo ia?aaeoiia aeey iiaeeeaino?
oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ii? i?ioan??.

A?aoiaoth/e aaaaoieiiiiiaioio no?oeoo?o ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e
? niaoe?aeueiinoae (iioeaaoe?eiee, i?ciaaaeueii-ae?yeuei?niee,
aieueiaee), i?ioean eiai oi?ioaaiiy i?ioiaeeoue aeae?eueea aoai?a
(oiiaii iacaaii ?o: aoai oaaae, aoai caoe?eaaeaiino?, aoai aeai?o ? aoai
ae??).

Aoaie oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae:

1. Aoai oaaae. Ine?eueee ?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ii? i?aoe? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
ye aea??eiaa noaaeaiiy iniaenoino? aei eiie?aoiiai aeaeo ae?yeueiino?,
oi ia iaeieae/iio ??ai? a?i aeieea? ye iiceoeaia aiioe?eia noaaeaiiy aei
na?oo oaoi?ee a oe?eiio, a i?eaaaeea?noue oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e
a?aecia/a?oueny iiceoeaii.

2. Aoai caoe?eaaeaiino?. Oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iacia/iith aeoeai?noth
i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? aai i?eiaeii? iiceoe??th niiaeyaeaiiy, i?iya
aieueiaeo coneeue ia oeueiio aoai? neooaoeaiee ? caeaaeeoue a?ae
i?eaaaeeaino? eeoa ie?aieo aniaeo?a. Ioaea, ia ae?oaiio aoai? ?ioa?an
aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aiioe?ei?noth oa
?iioeueneai?noth, iiaa?oia?noth ? ianeai?noth.

3. Aoai aeai?o. I?e no?eeiio iiceoeaiiio noaaeaii? aei na?oo oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e ?ioa?an noa? aeoeaiei, oiaoi i?iya i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?
i?aee??ieth?oueny aieueiaeie coneeeyie, ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae
a?aeiia?aeieo oe?eae o iaaeao eiie?aoieo i?ioan?eieo neooaoe?e. Aeoeaiee
?ioa?an ia oeueiio aoai? aenooiathoue ye iniiaiee iioea i?e aeai??
iaeaooiuei? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?, noa? ona?aeiieaiei iniaeno?noth.

4. Aoai ae??. Ie iiaeaii aiai?eoe i?i noi?iiaaiee ?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ii?
i?ioan??, yeui a?i oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iiceoeaiei aiioe?eiei noaaeaiiyi
iniaenoino? aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, iino?eiei i?iyaii aeoeaiino?
i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?, yea i?aee??ieth?oueny ciaiiyie i?i i?ioan?th
oa a?aoiao? iaoeee oa cae?aiino?, a aieueia? coneeey coiiaeai?
i?aaiaiiyi aeinyaoe ia?niaeoeaieo oe?eae, ye-io: iaieiae?iiy ia?aiith
i?ioan??th, iiaeeea?noue naiinoaa?aeaeaiiy, naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy,
ia?niaeoeaa i?ioan?eiiai ?inoo oiui.

Nie?ath/enue ia a?aeiia?aei? oai?aoe/i? ? i?aeoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ie
o?aeoo?ii ?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ye aea??eiaa aiioe?eia
noaaeaiiy, ui niiioea? aei i?ciaaaeueii? oa i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? o
aaeoc? oaoi?/ii? i?aoe? ? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iiceoeaiei aiioe?eiei
noaaeaiiyi aei i?eaaaeeaino? i?ioan??, aieueiaith aeoeai?noth o
iinoaiiaoe? eiie?aoieo oe?eae, oe?ii?nieie i???ioaoe?yie, iia`ycaieie c
i?ioan?eiith ae?yeuei?noth.

Iaaeaaia?/i? (aioo??oi?) oiiae oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e a?aoiaothoue iaiiaiaiiy ci?noo o?ie?a o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy
i?ioi???ioaoe?eiei iaoa??aeii, aeia?? iaaieo oi?i ? iaoiae?a
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino? (?iaeea?aeoaeuei?, a?eaaaei?
oi?ie, i?iaeaiii-iiooeia? iaoiaee, eaai?aoi?ii-i?aeoe/i? ?iaioe oiui), a
oaeiae i?iaaaeaiiy iicaeeanii? ?iaioe ia oaeoeueoaoeaieo caiyooyo c
eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”. Oeyoaie
oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e aenooiathoue aan?aee,
eaeoe??, aeneo?n??, aeine?aeieoeueea oa ao?oeiaa ?iaioa, oaoi?/ia
oai?/?noue, aeeiiaiiy caiiaeaiue oeiee. Oaeei /eiii, oe?e?nii
ioiieththoueny an? eiiiiiaioe ?ioa?ano, a?aoiaothoueny aoaie oi?ioaaiiy
oa e?eoa??? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?aae?caoe?? ci?noo ?
cania?a oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e o
i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee” ?ice?eoi iniaeeaino? i?aai?caoe?? oa
i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioo ? iienai? ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiaith oeueiai ?icae?eo ? iaoa??aee oi?ioth/iai
aenia?eiaioo c oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae ia o?ieao o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy ? a i?ioean? aea/aiiy
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae”.

Ia ia?oiio aoai? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo caiyooy a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
eeanao i?iaiaeeeeny ca iiaith, oaeineiiaeaiith i?ia?aiith c i?io?eueii?
o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee. A aenia?eiaioaeueio i?ia?aio aeeth/aii
i?ioi???ioaoe?ei? a?aeiiino?, ye? ?ice?eaathoue ci?no iniiaieo oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae no/aniiai ae?iaieoeoaa. ?aae?coaaoe oaeee
i?aeo?ae iai aaeaeiny ca ?aooiie eiiia?aoeaiiai i?eioeeio iiaoaeiae
iaoa??aeo. Oaeee i?aeo?ae o aea/aii? iaoa??aeo ? aeioe?eueiei oiio, ui
i?e ii??aiyii? ie?aieo iia?aoe?e, c?noaaeaii? ae?e ??cieo aeae?a ?ia?o,
aeae?eyth/e noiae? oa a?aei?ii? ?ene a i?aai?caoe?? i?aoe?, o/i? iathoue
ciiao aeeoa?aioe?thaaoe ??ci? aeaee ?ia?o, aeeaoa c?icoi?oe iniaeeaino?
o??? /e ?ioi? iia?aoe??, a cia/eoue, i?iyaeoe nai? cae?aiino?, ciaiiy,
noi?ioaaoe oi?iiy oa iaae/ee.

Aeey ?aae?caoe?? aeaii? aenia?eiaioaeueii? i?ia?aie iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaieie aeyaeeeny oae? iaaeaaia?/i? caniae ye a?eaaaeia oi?ia
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, ui caaacia/o? aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th
iaa/aiiy ? o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a ca cae?aiinoyie, oi?iiyie ?
iaae/eaie, aeicaiey? a?aooaaoe ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? iniaeeaino?, ? a oe?eiio
ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;
eaai?aoi?ii-i?aeoe/i? ?iaioe, ui aeathoue ciiao ia o?eueee aea/eoe
oai?aoe/i? a?aeiiino?, a ? canoinoaaoe ?o ia i?aeoeoe? (iai?eeeaae, o/i?
i?iaaee ?ic?aooiee oaa?aeino? iaoae?a ?, aeeiioth/e i?aeoe/ia caaaeaiiy,
naiino?eii iae?athoue caaioiaeo ? ia?aiao?e ?? ia?iaee ia oiea?iiio
aa?noao? (oaeaee?noue ? aeeaeia ??caiiy); aeei?enoaiiy oaoi?/ieo caaea/
ye caniao aeooae?caoe??, aeoea?caoe?? i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?,
iiaeeaeaiiai aea/aiiy ia ?ioaa?iaaieo o?ieao (cie?aia, i?e aeaioiaeaii?
eiiieaenieo ae?ia?a), a oaeiae eiio?ieth ca canai?iiyi ciaiue. O oiae?
aeine?aeaeaiiy oe? caaea/? oaeiae aeei?enoiaoaaeeny aeey oanooaaiiy i?e
aecia/aii? ??ai?a noi?iiaaiino? ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a ?ioa?ano aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae.

Aeoiaey/e ?c nooiino? oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano, aenia?eiaioaeueia i?ia?aia c
o?oaeiaiai i?io?eueiiai iaa/aiiy oa ?? ?aae?caoe?y ia?aaeaa/aee aieea ia
on? eiiiiiaioe ?ioa?ano – iioeaaoe?eiee, i?ciaaaeueii-ae?yeuei?niee,
aieueiaee.

?iaioa ca aenia?eiaioaeueiith i?ia?aiith o?eaaea aeaa ?iee. I?iaiaey/e
eiio?ieuei? c??ce ai?iaeiaae aenia?eiaioo, ie anoaiiaeee, ui ?aae?caoe?y
ci?noo oaeineiiaeaii? i?ia?aie o 8-9 eeanao caaacia/o? oi?ioaaiiy
?ioa?ano o/i?a aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e (aeea. oaae. 1).

Oaaeeoey 1.

??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e

a o/i?a eiio?ieueieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a

(ia?oee aoai aenia?eiaioo), a %

??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?anoEiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaioOi?ioth/ee
aenia?eiaioeiio?ieuei? eeaneaenia?eiaioaeuei?
eeaneaenieee002na?aaei?e659iecueeee262935a?aenooi?e686654

Ioaea, a?aeaoany ia?a?iciiae?e ia na?aaeiueiio ??ai? noi?iiaaiino?
(e?euee?noue o/i?a, ui aeyaeee na?aaei?e ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano,
c?inea iaeaea oaea?/?). Oaeiae ciaioeeanue e?euee?noue o/i?a, ui ia
aeyaeee ?ioa?ano. Iieaciai, ui aenieee ??aaiue ?ioa?ano aoa cao?eniaaiee
eeoa o 2% o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a, a cia/eoue, iio??aii aoei
i?iaeiaaeeoe aeine?aeieoeueeo ?iaioo. A?eueo iiaiee ? aeeaieee ?icaeoie
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, eiai aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y cae?enith?oueny o
i?ioean? oaeoeueoaoeaii? ?iaioe (aea/aiiy eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”), ao?oeiai? ?iaioe (noai?aiiy i?io?eueieo
ao?oe?a ca ?ioa?anaie), eiieo?nao (“E?auee ca i?ioan??th”), ie?ii?aaeao
(“E?auee iaenoa? oeiee”) oiui. Oiio ae?oaei aoaiii aenia?eiaioo aoei
aaaaeaiiy oaeoeueoaoeaieo caiyoue ca niaoe?aeueii ?ic?iaeaiith
i?ia?aiith eo?no “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”.

I?e ?ic?iaoe? aeaiiai eo?no ie a?aoiaoaaee eiiiiiaioe no?oeoo?e
?ioa?ano, oeyoe ?o oi?ioaaiiy. Ine?eueee a aeine?aeaeaii? ie
?icaeyaea?ii ?ioa?an ye aiioe?eii caaa?aeaia, iiceoeaia ? aea??eiaa
a?aeiioaiiy iniaenoino? aei eiie?aoii? oaoi?/ii? i?ioan??, iia`ycaia c
i?aaiaiiyi ?icoe?eoe ciaiiy, oi?iiy, iaae/ee, ? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
aieueiaith onoaiiaeith ia iaieiae?iiy iath, oi o ci?no eo?no aoei
aaaaeaii i?io?ioi?iaoe?ei? a?aeiiino? oa ia?aaeaa/aii aea/aiiy aeanieo
ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae o/i?a ? c?noaaeaiiy ?o c aeiiaaie
i?ioan??, a?aeiiino? i?i oeyoe ?icaeoeo cae?aiinoae oa ie?aieo yeinoae,
ye? iaiao?aei? aeey oni?oii? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?, a oaeiae oeyoe
caeiaoooy ia?aii? i?ioan?? oiui.

Na?aae o/i?a, ye? a?aea?aeoaaee oaeoeueoaoeai? caiyooy (28%), ca
?acoeueoaoaie aeo?aeiiai ae?aaiinooaaiiy aeyaeaii cia/ia i?aeaeuaiiy
??ai?a noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e: aenieee – 12%,
na?aaei?e – 54%, iecueeee – 21%, a?aenooi?e – 13% (aeea. oaae. 2).

Oaaeeoey 2.

Oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o caeaaeiino? a?ae aaaaeaiiy oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no
“Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”

(ae?oaee aoai aenia?eiaioo), a %

??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?anoOi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaioeiio?ieuei?
eeaneaenia?eiaioaeuei? eeane a?oie o/i?a, ye? a?aea?aeoaaee oae.
eo?naenieee0212na?aaei?e6954iecueeee263221a?aenooi?e685413

Ioaea, a?aeaoany ia?a?iciiae?e ia aenieiio ??ai? noi?iiaaiino?
(e?euee?noue o/i?a, ui aeyaeee aenieee ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano,
c?inea aei 12%). Oaeiae ciaioeeanue e?euee?noue o/i?a, ui ia aeyaeee
?ioa?ano. Iieaciai, ui aenieee ??aaiue ?ioa?ano ia aoa cao?eniaaiee o
o/i?a eiio?ieueieo eean?a, a o o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo (ye? ia
a?aea?aeoaaee oaeoeueoaoeai? caiyooy) ia ca?eueoeany ? neeaa 2%.

Ocaaaeueiaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo iaoa??ae?a aeaei i?aenoaae aeae?eeoe
??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, ye? aoee
i?aea?oioyi aeey ?ic?iaee aieaoe oa oano?a ia aecia/aiiy aeeiai?ee
oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a.

Aeoiaey/e ?c eiiiiiaio?a ?ioa?ano, aacoth/enue ia e?eoa??yo aecia/aiiy
?ioa?ano A. A. ?eieyae/aia, ie ?ic?iaeee ??aiaao aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, yeo i?aaenoaaeee o /ioe?ueio ??aiyo:

1) a?aenooi?noue ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

2) iecueeee ??aaiue ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

3) na?aaei?e ??aaiue ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

4) aenieee ??aaiue ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e.

I?i a?aenooi?noue ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e iiaeia aiai?eoe
oiae?, eiee a iniaenoino? i?inoaaeo?oueny:

1) aeyaey? iaaaoeaia aai ?iaeeoa?aioia noaaeaiiy aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

2) iaaaoeaia aai iaaecia/aia ioe?iea i?eaaaeeaino? i?ioan??;

3) iaaaoeaia aai iaaecia/aia noaaeaiiy aei i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o
aaeoc? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

4) a?aenooi?noue iioeaaoe?? oaoi?/ii? ae?yeueiino?;

5) aeya aieueiaeo coneeue cae?enith?oueny eeoa o iaaeao aeiia a/eoae?a;

6) aeii?ioaaiiy ooee?oa?ieo oe?iiinoae.

Iecueeee ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny:

1) ?iaeeoa?aioiei aai iiceoeaiei aiioe?eiei noaaeaiiyi aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e;

2) iaaecia/aiith aai iiceoeaiith ioe?ieith i?eaaaeeaino? oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e;

3) i?iyaii iacia/ii? aeoeaiino? i?ciaaaeueii? oa i?ioan?eii?
ae?yeueiino? aai niiaeyaeaiiy;

4) iaia??oioiaaiith iioeaaoe??th oaoi?/ii? ae?yeueiino?;

5) neooaoeaiei i?iyaii aieueiaeo coneeue, ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae
i?eaaaeeaino? ie?aieo aniaeo?a oaoi?/ii? i?aoe?;

6) aeii?ioaaiiyi ooee?oa?ieo oe?iiinoae.

Na?aaei?e ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny:

1) iiceoeaiei aiioe?eiei noaaeaiiyi aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

2) iiceoeaiith ioe?ieith i?eaaaeeaino? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

3) i?iyaii aeoeaiino? i?ciaaaeueii? oa i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?;

4) ia??oioiaaiith iioeaaoe??th, yea i?aee??ieaia ciaiiyie i?i i?ioan?th;

5) aieueiaeie coneeeyie, ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae a?aeiia?aeieo oe?eae o
iaaeao eiie?aoieo i?ioan?eieo neooaoe?e;

6) aeii?ioaaiiyi noni?eueii cia/eieo oe?iiinoae.

I?i aenieee ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e
na?ae/aoue oae? iieacieee:

1) no?eea iiceoeaia aiioe?eia noaaeaiiy aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

2) aeniea iiceoeaia ioe?iea i?eaaaeeaino? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;

3) iino?eiee i?iya aeoeaiino? i?ciaaaeueii? oa i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?;

4) ia??oioiaaia iioeaaoe?y, yea i?aee??ieaia ciaiiyie i?i i?ioan?th oa
a?aoiao? aeani? iaoeee oa cae?aiino? iniaenoino?;

5) aieueiaeie coneeeyie, ye? caeaaeaoue a?ae ia?niaeoeaieo oe?eae;

6) ona?aeiieaiiy oaoi?/ii? i?ioan?? ye aeeoo?ai aaaeeeai? oe?iiino?,
iiaeeea?noue i?ioan?eiiai ?inoo oa naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy.

Ocaaaeueiai? ?acoeueoaoe iaaeaaia?/iiai aenia?eiaioo a?aeia?aaeai? o
oaaeeoe? (aeea. oaae. 3).

Oaaeeoey 3.

??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e

o/i?a eiio?ieueieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a

(i?ney aenia?eiaioo), a %

Eeane??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?an?a aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?ea?aenooi?eiecueeeena?aaei?eaenieeeeiio?ieuei?653050aenia?eiaio.5
027167

I?ii?aei? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe aeicaieeee aecia/eoe
aeeiai?eo oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aiane?aeie ?aae?caoe?? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
oaeoi??a o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee (?acoeueoaoe eiio?ieueiiai
aenia?eiaioo) (aeea. ?en. 1).

A?ao?e 1. Aeeiai?ea ??ai?a noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aiane?aeie ?aae?caoe??
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oaeoi??a o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee
(?acoeueoaoe eiio?ieueiiai aenia?eiaioo)

eiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaio;

oi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaio;

eiio?ieueiee aenia?eiaio.

Aeai? aieaooaaiiy oa oano?a aoee i?aeoaa?aeaeai? ?acoeueoaoaie
canoinoaaiiy ?ioeo iaoiaeee (“Eaaae?ao ?ioa?an?a”, “AeAeI” oa ?i.).
Oaeei /eiii, o ?acoeueoao? iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeaieo aoei aeiaaaeaii aoaeoeai?noue aenia?eiaioaeueieo oaeoi??a aeey
oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e.

I?iaaaeaia aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa i?aeoaa?aeeea, ui oi?ioaaiiy
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e cae?enith?oueny o i?ioean? nenoaiaoe/ii?
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? oa i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe a/eoae?a oeiee. Aea
i?ioan?eia i???ioaoe?y oeiey??a ia o?eueee aaco?oueny ia iio?aaao
ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa, a e coiiaeaia iniaenoeie iaoeeaie,
cae?aiinoyie, ?ioa?anaie o/i?a. Oiio aiia iiaeiia aeeth/aoe a yeino?
iaiao?aeii? oiiae nenoaiaoe/ia aea/aiiy iniaenoino? o/i?a, ?icaeoie ?o
iaoee?a ? cae?aiinoae, oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei ??cieo aaeocae iaoee,
o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino?, aei iaaieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae. Oea
i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ? niinoa?aaeaiiyi iiaeaeueoi? aeie? aeioneiee?a
iaiiaieo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e. Oaeaeei, aiaaiaii, na?aeiii iae?aee
i?ioan?th o? o/i?, o yeeo ua a oeie? noi?ioaaany ?ioa?an, ye?
aei?iaoaaee nai? cae?aiino?, cae?enithaaee i?ioan?ei? i?iae ia o?ieao
o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy; ? iaaiaee, o? o/i?, ye? ia aeyaeee naiai ?ioa?ano ?
cae?aiinoae a?ae/oaaee iaioo aiaaiai?noue i?e aeai?? i?ioan??, /anoi
ci?ithaaee nai? ??oaiiy. Ioaea, oe?eani?yiiaaiee ? nenoaiaoe/iee aieea
ia iniaeno?noue o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee caaacia/o? oi?ioaaiiy
?ioa?ano aei eiie?aoii? i?ioan?? aai niaoe?aeueiino?.

Iniiai? aeniiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.

1. Iaoith i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee ?
oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae, yeee
coiiaeaiee iio?aai?nii-iioeaaoe?eiith noa?ith iniaenoino?, ? ni?ey?
na?aeiiiio aeai?o i?ioan??.

2. Aoaeoeai?noue oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae caaacia/o?oueny i?e aeinyaiaii? o?niiai aca?iica`yceo ?
ianooiiino? ci?noo iaa/aeueiiai, i?ioi???ioaoe?eiiai iaoa??aeo o
i?ia?aiao i?io?eueiiai o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy oa oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no
“Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”; i?e
?iaeea?aeoae?caoe?? oa aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? iaa/aeueii-o?oaeiai?
ae?yeueiino? o/i?a ia iniia? aea/aiiy ?o ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo iniaeeainoae;
a oiae? aeei?enoaiiy a?eaaaeieo oi?i i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano,
i?iaeaiii-iiooeiaeo iaoiae?a iaa/aiiy; oai?/eo caaaeaiue oa ae?eiaeo
?ai? c i?ioi???ioaoe?eiei ci?noii.

3. Anoaiiaeaii, ui oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano o/i?a aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae a?eueo aoaeoeaia i?e ii?aeiaii? caaaeueiio?oaeiai?
i?aeaioiaee iie?oaoi?/iiai oa?aeoa?o ? i?aeaioiaee o/i?a aei aeai?o
i?ioan?? c o?aooaaiiyi iio?aa ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa. Oaeo i?aeaioiaeo
iieeeeaiee caaacia/eoe oaeoeueoaoeaiee eo?n “Iniiae aeai?o oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae”, ?ic?iaeaiee ? ai?iaiaaiee o oiae?
aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

4. Oaeoeueoaoeaiee eo?n, ci?no yeiai iaiiaiaiee iaoa??aeii
i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ni?yiiaaiino?, noai?aiee ia iniia? aea/aiiy
iniaenoino? o/iy a i?ioi???ioaoe?eieo oe?eyo, aeoiaey/e c i?ciaaaeueieo
?ioa?an?a oeiey??a. I?ia?aiith eo?no ia?aaeaa/aii i?io?ioi?iaoe?ei?
a?aeiiino? i?i oaoi?/i? i?ioan??, ?o iciaee, eeaneo?eaoe?th; aea/aiiy
ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae oeiey??a i?e aeai?? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e;
anoaiiaeaiiy iiaeeeaeo oeyo?a caeiaoooy a?aeiia?aeii? ina?oe. Iniiaieie
iaoiaeaie ? oi?iaie iaa/aiiy ? aeoeai?, i?iaeaiii-iiooeia?, a naia:
aeeniooe, ?ieueia? ?a?e, oai?/? caaea/?, aeneo?n?? oiui.

Ca iaoeie aeine?aeaeaiiyie ?ioa?an caeia? aaaeeeao ?ieue o i?ioean?
na?aeiiiai i?ioan?eiiai naiiaecia/aiiy o na?o? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ?
niaoe?aeueiinoae. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ineoio?c?ieia?/i? iiaeeeaino?
iniaenoino? (oaoi?/ia ieneaiiy, oaoi?/i? cae?aiino? oiui)
aaciina?aaeiuei aieeaathoue ia ye?noue oi?ioaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei iaaieo
i?ioan?e. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo?, ui aenieee ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano
aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? niaoe?aeueiinoae ia?aaeaa/a? iayai?noue
aeniei?icaeiooeo ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo iiaeeeainoae.

Aeeiiaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ? oe?e?niei ? caaa?oaiei aoaiii ?iaioe, iaeiae
ia ?ica`yco? an?o i?iaeai a oi?ioaaii? ?ioa?ano o/i?a 8-9 eean?a aei
oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e ? i?aeoaa?aeaeo? iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy ianooiieo
aeine?aeaeaiue o aaeoc? i?ioi???ioaoe?? iieiae? o i?ioean? o?oaeiai?
i?aeaioiaee.

Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aena?oeai? a oaeeo
ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Ineiia I.A. I?ioi???ioaoe?eia ni?yiiaai?noue o?ie?a o?oaeiaiai
iaa/aiiy o oe?eueieo iaenoa?iyo // O?oaeiaa i?aeaioiaea a caeeaaeao
ina?oe. – ? 3. – 1997. – N. 30-31.

2. Ineiia I.A., Ineiia A.A. I?ioi???ioaoe?eia ni?yiiaai?noue o?ie?a
o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy o oe?eueieo iaenoa?iyo // Iaoeia? caienee
Oa?iii?euenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Na??y 3:
Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y. – ? 3. – 1998. – N. 83-84.

3. Ineiia I.A. I?ioi???ioaoe?eia ni?yiiaai?noue o?ie?a o?oaeiaiai
iaa/aiiy o oe?eueieo iaenoa?iyo // Iaoeia? caienee Oa?iii?euenueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Na??y 3: Iaaeaaia?ea ?
ineoieia?y. – ? 4. – 1998. – N. 119-122.

4. Ineiia I.A., Iaaec?aii A.I., Oeiaiei I.I. oa ?i. Iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae
o?oaeiaiai noaiiaeaiiy ? i?ioan?eiiai naiiaecia/aiiy o/i?anueei?
iieiae?: Eieaeoeaia iiiia?ao?y. – E: ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie,
1996. – 230 n.

5. Ineiia I.A., Oeiaiei I.I., O?eno?ai?iia I.I. oa ?i. I?ioi???ioaoe?eia
?iaioa ?c oeiey?aie: Iaoiaee/iee iin?aiee aeey a/eoae?a oa nooaeaio?a
iaaeaaia?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a. – E.: ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII
Oe?a?ie, 1996. – 80 n.

6. Ineiia I.A., Ia/onueeee A.A., Iao?aiei TH.A. Ci?no ? iaaeaaia?/i?
caniae ?icaeoeo oaoi?/ii? oai?/ino? oeiey??a: Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??.

– Aa?aeyinuee: ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie,1997.– 42 n.

7. Ineiia I.A. I???ioaoe?y o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ia aea?? oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e:
Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??. – Aa?aeyinuee: ?inoeooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy AII
Oe?a?ie, 1998. – 147 n.

Aiioaoe?y

Ineiia I.A. “Oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a 8-9 eean?a ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee”. – ?oeiien

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.02 – oai??y oa iaoiaeeea o?oaeiaiai
iaa/aiiy, Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai?
I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, Ee?a, 1999?.

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?enay/aia i?iaeai? oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e o i?ioean? o?oaeiai? i?aeaioiaee. O
oiae? ?iaioe aeae?eai? iniiai? eiiiiiaioe ?ioa?ano, ye? aeeth/athoue ?
i?aena?aeiiee ??aaiue aiioe?eiiai ni?eeiyooy ia`?eoa, ? ona?aeiieaiee,
ia??oioiaaiee aniaeo aeai?o o??? /e ?ioi? oaoi?/ii? i?ioan?? aeioneieeii
iaiiaii? na?aaeiuei? oeiee ia iniia? noi?iiaaiiai ?ioa?ano.

Aaoi?ii cai?iiiiiaai? ??ai? noi?iiaaiino? ?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo
i?ioan?e, e?eoa??? ?o aecia/aiiy. A?aoiaoth/e aaaaoieiiiiiaioio i?e?iaeo
?ioa?ano, ?ic?iaeai? aoaie eiai oi?ioaaiiy, ui yaeythoue niaith
no?oeoo?ii-noeoiiee iien ci?i ie?aieo e?eoa???a, ui ni?eeiathoueny ye
oe?ea, oiaoi ?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e: aoai oaaae,
caoe?eaaeaiino?, aeai?o, ae??.

Aaoi?ii iaa?oioiaaii oa ai?iaiaaii nooi?noue iaaeaaia?/ieo cania?a
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? i?ioi???ioaoe?eii? ?iaioe uiaei oi?ioaaiiy
?ioa?ano aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ?aae?caoe??
aeaieo iaaeaaia?/ieo cania?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ?ioa?an aei oaoi?/ieo i?ioan?e, oaoi?/ia i?ioan?y,
o?oaeiaa i?aeaioiaea, i?ioi???ioaoe?eia ni?yiiaai?noue ci?noo o?oaeiai?
i?aeaioiaee.

Aiiioaoeey

Ineiia A.A. Oi?ie?iaaiea o o/aueony 8-9 eeannia eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei
i?ioanneyi a i?ioeanna o?oaeiaie iiaeaioiaee. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.02 – oai?ey e iaoiaeeea o?oaeiaiai
iao/aiey, Iaoeeiiaeueiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, Eeaa, 1999a.

A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeiaaia i?iaeaia oi?ie?iaaiey o o/aueony 8-9
eeannia eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi a i?ioeanna o?oaeiaie
iiaeaioiaee.

Aeenna?oaoeeiiiia enneaaeiaaiea ?anniao?eaaao aiciiaeiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey
eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi eae iaeio ec aeooaeueiuo caaea/
nia?aiaiiie oeieu, iineieueeo a oneiaeyo iiauo iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee
iaaethaeaaony ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea eaae?ia a noi?iio i?ioannee
iaiaoa?eaeueiie noa?u i?iecaiaenoaa, oa?yaony i?anoeae ?aai/eo
i?ioannee, ia iaania/eaathony eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuie eaae?aie i?aaei?eyoey
a ioaeaeueiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ciiao Oe?aeiu. Enneaaeiaaiea iie?aaony ia
eaoaai?eth o/aueony 8-9 eeannia, oae eae ii ieii/aiee iaiieiie n?aaeiae
oeieu auioneieee noatho ia?aae i?iaeaiie auai?a i?ioannee.
Iaaoi?inoaiaiioth ooieoeeth a yoii i?ioeanna aeieaeia auiieiyoue oeiea.
Ii nenoaia i?ioi?eaioaoeeiiiie ?aaiou ia i?aaeoniio?aia aeaenoaothueie
ii?iaoeaiuie aeieoiaioaie, iioiio niaa?oaaony yieciaee/anee, aac
nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea. Yoe aniaeou iineoaeeee i?e/eiie iaienaiey aeaiiiai
enneaaeiaaiey.

A oiaea ?aaiou auee auaeaeaiu iniiaiua eiiiiiaiou eioa?ana, eioi?ua
aeeth/atho e iiaeniciaoaeueiue o?iaaiue yiioeeiiaeueiiai aini?eyoey
iauaeoa, e iniciaiiue, iioeae?iaaiiue aniaeo auai?a oie eee eiie
oaoie/aneie i?ioannee auioneieeii iaiieiie n?aaeiae oeieu ia iniiaa
noi?ie?iaaiiiai eioa?ana. Aaoi?ii i?aaeeiaeaiu o?iaie noi?ie?iaaiiinoe
eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi, e?eoa?ee eo ii?aaeaeaiey. O/eouaay
iiiainoi?iiithth i?e?iaeo eioa?ana, eioi?ay iainiiaaia eae a?iaeaeaiiuie
ea/anoaaie ee/iinoe, oae i?eia?aoaiiuie a ?acoeueoaoa aeeciaiiiai e
iauanoaaiiiai iiuoa, ?ac?aaioaiu yoaiu oi?ie?iaaiey eioa?ana,
i?aaenoaaeythuea niaie no?oeoo?ii-niaieoiiia iienaiea eciaiaiee
ioaeaeueiuo e?eoa?eaa a aaeeinoaa oeaeiai, oi anoue eioa?ana e
oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi: yoaiu aieiaiey, caeioa?aniaaiiinoe, auai?a,
aeaenoaey. Iineieueeo oneiaey oi?ie?iaaiey eioa?ana caaenyo io
iauaeoeaiuo e noauaeoeaiuo oaeoi?ia, oi iniiaiuie
nioeeaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneeie oaeoi?aie oi?ie?iaaiey eioa?ana i?eciaiu
ineoioeceieiae/aneea aiciiaeiinoe ee/iinoe, naiuey e ee/iue i?eia?
ac?ineuo, o/eoaeue, iauanoaaiiia iiaiea, i?anoeae i?ioannee, n?aaenoaa
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, naa?noieee, a oaeaea niioaaonoaothuay i?aaiecaoeey
i?ioi?eaioaoeeiiiie ?aaiou a o/aaiii caaaaeaiee.

A ?aaioa enneaaeiaaiu e ai?iae?iaaiu iaaeaaiae/aneea n?aaenoaa
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?ioi?eaioaoeeiiiie ?aaiou ii oi?ie?iaaieth
eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi: oniaa?oainoaiaaia i?ia?aiia ii
o?oaeiaiio iao/aieth, eioi?ay iino?iaia ii i?eioeeio eioaa?aoeee e
aeeth/aao i?ioi?eaioaoeeiiiua naaaeaiey ii iiiai/eneaiiui i?ioaneyi
a?oiiu “/aeiaae – oaoieea”, a oaeaea aeey aeeooa?aioeeaoeee ?aaiou ii
oi?ie?iaaieth eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi ?ac?aaioaia i?ia?aiia
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na “Iniiau auai?a oaoie/aneeo i?ioannee e
niaoeeaeueiinoae”, i?aaeeiaeaia iaoiaeeea ?aaeecaoeee aeaiiuo
iaaeaaiae/aneeo n?aaenoa a eiioaenoa o?oaeiaie iiaeaioiaee o/aueony 8-9
eeannia.

Iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneay ?aaioa i?iaiaeeeanue a o?e yoaia. Ia
ia/aeueiii yoaia auee ii?aaeaeaiu iaaeaaiae/aneea n?aaenoaa iiauoaiey
yooaeoeaiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi,
?ac?aaioaia yenia?eiaioaeueiay i?ia?aiia ii o?oaeiaiio iao/aieth. A
oiaea ?aaeecaoeee aeaiiie i?ia?aiiu auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi niaea?aeaiea
o/aaiie aeenoeeieeiu “O?oaeiaia iao/aiea” iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeeyao ia
oi?ie?iaaiea eioa?ana eiaiii e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi, ii iieo/aiiua
aeaiiua ia auee aunieeie. Ia aoi?ii yoaia enneaaeiaaiey iu aaaee
oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n “Iniiau auai?a oaoie/aneeo i?ioannee e
niaoeeaeueiinoae”, /oi ii ?acoeueoaoai eiio?ieueiuo aeaiiuo cia/eoaeueii
iiaeeyei ia oi?ie?iaaiea eioa?ana e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi. A oiaea
o?aoueaai yoaia auee iaiauaiu aeaiiua, eioi?ua naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee i
aeeiaieea ?acaeoey eioa?ana.

A i?ioeanna ai?iaaoeee aeaiiuo yenia?eiaioaeueiuo oaeoi?ia auei
onoaiiaeaii, /oi iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiua oneiaey ?aaeecaoeee
yenia?eiaioaeueiie i?ia?aiiu ii o?oaeiaiio iao/aieth i?aaenoaaeytho
niaie neioac a?eaaaeiie oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee i?ioeanna iao/aiey,
eaai?aoi?ii-i?aeoe/aneeo ?aaio i?e eniieueciaaiee caaea/ n oai?/aneei
eiiiiiaioii, aeey ?aoaiey eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii aeoeaece?iaaoue aanue
caian ciaiee, a /anoiinoe i?aaeiaoia oeceei-iaoaiaoe/aneiai oeeeea.
Oaeei ia?acii, eniieuecothony e aiciiaeiinoe iaaei?aaeiaoiuo naycae.
Aeey ?aaeecaoeee oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na aaoi?ii i?aaeeiaeaiu ?acee/iua
iaoiaeeee ii eco/aieth ineoioeceieiae/aneeo ea/anoa ee/iinoe a
niiinoaaeaiee n o?aaiaaieyie oaoie/aneeo i?ioannee.

Iainiiaaia aiciiaeiinoue ?aaeecaoeee iaoiaeeee oi?ie?iaaiey eioa?ana e
oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi a n?aaeieo iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo caaaaeaieyo
Oe?aeiu.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eioa?an e oaoie/aneei i?ioanneyi, oaoie/aneay
i?ioanney, o?oaeiaay iiaeaioiaea, i?ioi?eaioaoeeiiiay iai?aaeaiiinoue
niaea?aeaiey o?oaeiaie iiaeaioiaee.

The summary

A.Osipov. Formation at learning 8-9 classes of interest to technical
trades during labour preparation. – Manuscript.

Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of
pedagogical sciences on a speciality 13.00.02 – theory and technique of
labour training, National ?edagogical university of a name I.Dragomanov,
Kiev, 1999a.

In the dissertation the problem of formation at pupil of interest to
technical trades is investigated during labour preparation. During work
the basic components of interest were allocated which include also
subconscious level of emotional perception of object, and realized,
motivated aspect of a choice of this or that technical trade by the
graduate of incomplete high school on the basis of the generated
interest.

The author offers levels syn of interest to technical trades, criterion
of their definition. Taking into account a multilateral nature of
interest, which is reasonable as inherent qualities of the person, so
acquired as a result of vital and public experience, the stages of
formation of interest representing structural – as a group the
description of changes of separate criteria in unity whole, that is
interest to technical trades are developed: stages of attention,
interest, choice, action.

By the author investigate and approve pedagogical ways of increase of
efficiency vocational training of work concerning formation of interest
to technical trades, propose a technique of realization of the given
pedagogical ways.

Key words: interest to technical trades, technical trade, labour
preparation, profession orientation support working preparation.

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