.

Формування дослідницько-педагогічних умінь студентів в умовах модульної організації процесу навчання: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / Т.Д. Мишковськ

Язык: украинский
Формат: реферат
Тип документа: Word Doc
131 2653
Скачать документ

Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea

Ieoeianueea Oaoyia Aeieo??aia

OAeE: 378.145

Oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a

a oiiaao iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy

13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Oa?iii?eue – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a *a?i?aaoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?
?i.TH.Oaaeueeiae/a, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Nooaiei A?eoi? Aieiaeeie?iae/,

*a?i?aaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

?i. TH. Oaaeueeiae/a, caa?aeoaa/ iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? eaai?aoi??? i?iaeai
iaaeaaia?ee aeui? oeiee

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Iaeai?iaea Aaneeue Eaeaieeiae/,

Oe?a?inueea aeaaeai?y aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie,
a/aiee nae?aoa?

– eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Caaai?iaeiy Oaoyia Einoyioei?aia,

I?eea?iaonueeee oi?aa?neoao ?i. Aaneey Noaoaieea, aeioeaio eaoaae?e
caaaeueii? ? nioe?aeueii? iaaeaaia?ee

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Aieeinueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i. Ean?
Oe?a?iee, eaoaae?a iaaeaaia?ee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.Eooeuee

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 24 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i 12 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E.58.053.01 i?e
Oa?iii?euenueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai?
Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea ca aae?anith: 282027, i. Oa?iii?eue, aoe.
I.E?eaiiina, 2

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?iii?euenueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea ca
aae?anith: 282027, i. Oa?iii?eue, aoe. I.E?eaiiina, 2

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 21 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee I.I.
Iaoi/oe

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie ? nooi?iue aeine?aeaeaiino? iaoeiai? i?iaeaie. A
oiiaao ao?eaiiy a aeeooy iieiaeaiue Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie, Caeiio Oe?a?ie
“I?i ina?oo”, Aea?aeaaii? iaoe?iiaeueii? i?ia?aie “Ina?oa” (Oe?a?ia OO?
noie?ooy) noaaeyoueny i?aeaeuai? aeiiae aei ia?aaoaeiae e iiaeaeueoiai
?icaeoeo nenoaie iaia?a?aii? ina?oe a Oe?a?i? e ia?o ca ana caaaeueii?
na?aaeiuei? ina?oe, ine?eueee naia ooo ae??oothoueny iniiai? caaaeaiiy:
oi?io?oueny iniaeno?noue a?iiaaeyieia, noai?th?oueny i?aea?oioy aeey
iiaeaeueoi? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe.

Aiaeii/an aeieea? iaiao?aei?noue ia?aaoaeiae e iiiaeaiiy iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee, eiai i???ioaoe?th ia iiaeaeue
iaeaooiuei? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? nooaeaio?a a iiiaeaieo oiiaao
?icaeoeo caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee, i?i ia?ao?ae a?ae oeiee canai?iiy
ciaiue aei oeiee oai?/iai iiooeo. Oea aeiaaa? iiia?aaeiuei? ?ic?iaee ?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaieo oaoiieia?e i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai
i?ioeano a aoc?. Iaaeae? oea caaacia/oaaoeia oi?ioaaiiy iaaeaaia?a c
e?eoe/iei ? oai?/ei ieneaiiyi, caeaoieo naiino?eii ?ic?iaeyoe oa
ai?iaaaeaeoaaoe aaoi?nuee? i?ia?aie, iaaeaaia?/i? ?iiiaaoe??,
cae?enithaaoe iaaeaaia?/iee i?ioean ia aeueo ??aiyo ?ioaeaeooaeueieo
o?oaeiiu?a. Iinoa? ieoaiiy i?i aoaeoeaio i?aeaioiaeo nooaeaio?a aei
naiino?eii? aeine?aeieoeueei-oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? a i?ioean? ?o
iaeaooiuei? ?iaioe a oeie? e, cie?aia, i?i oi?ioaaiiy a ieo
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue.

Aeey no/aniiai aoaio ?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?ee aeui? oeiee Oe?a?ie
oa?aeoa?iee iiooe iiaeo oeyo?a oaeineiiaeaiiy iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.
Nueiaiaei? oaoiieia?yi iaa/aiiy, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny o aeu?e
iaaeaaia?/i?e oeie?, ua caeaa?eueoiai i?eoaiaiiee oa?aeoa?, yeee
iaaeinoaoiuei noeioeth? naiino?eio aeine?aeieoeueei-oai?/o ae?yeuei?noue
nooaeaio?a ? i?aaeth? ?o ?ioaeaeooaeueio aeoeai?noue. Oiio aeiaaa?
?ica’ycaiiy noia?a/i?noue i?ae aeiiaaie aea?aeaae aei yeino? i?aeaioiaee
iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a aeey nenoaie iaia?a?aii? ina?oe, a a?aeiia?aeii,
aei iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee – c iaeiiai aieo ?
iaaeinoaoiueith ni?iiiaei?noth o?aaeeoe?eii? nenoaie aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii?
ina?oe caaeiaieueieoe ?o – c ?ioiai.

Ae??oaiiy icia/aii? noia?a/iino? aaa/a?ii o ci?i? i?aeoiae?a aei
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aiiy o aeu?e iaaeaaia?/i?e oeie?, cie?aia a
oi?aa?neoaoao, ui caaacia/eoue, a?aeiia?aeii, ia?ao?ae ia aeu?,
aeine?aeieoeuee? ??ai? eiai i?aai?caoe??; iaoiiaeoue oi?ioaaiiy oi?iue
nooaeaio?a ?ica’ycoaaoe iaaeaaia?/i? aeine?aeieoeueei-oai?/? caaea/?
oi?iaeiaae iaa/aeueii? ? iaeaooiuei? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?.
?ica’ycaiiy icia/aieo caaaeaiue iia’yco?ii c iiaeeeainoyie iiaeoeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.

I?iaeaie oaeineiiaeaiiy iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee
Oe?a?ie aeine?aeaeoaaeenue o ?iaioao A.Aeaenthea, A.Aiaoo, N.Aii/a?aiea,
?.Cycthia, E.Eiaaeue, A.Eicaeiaa, A.Eoaiaiai, A.Iaeai?iaee,
Ae.I?eieaiea, A.Naaa?aee, A.Naie/aiea, I.Oe?ey, I.ss?ia/aiea oa ?ioeo.
??ci? aniaeoe iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ae?yeueiino? nooaeaio?a aena?oeeee
I.Aaeaeai, A.Ai?enia, ?.Eaoaoeinueea, I.Eiycyi, A.?iaeae?noa?inueea,
?.Ni?oeei, ss.Ni?e?ne?n, I.*aaaenae oa ?io?.

Iiaeoeueia i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano oaae aoea ia’?eoii
aeine?aeaeaiiy aaaaoueio o/aieo, cie?aia, oae? ?? i?iaeaie: aea/aiiy
iaaeaaia?ee aeui? oeiee (A.Aeaenthe, A.Iaeai?iaea);
i?ioan?eii-iaaeaaia?/ii? i?aeaioiaee (?.Aiaaeaiiaa, I.Aeoaaneithe,
O.Oea?aai?iaeoeaaa); aea/aiiy ?iicaiii? iiae a iaiiaieo aocao
(A.Ianayineai?); aeeieiiiiai i?iaeooaaiiy (I.Oa?anya?/ai?);
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe (I.THoeya?/ai?); iiaoaiiiai eiio?ieth ciaiue
nooaeaio?a ca iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiiaiaith oaoiieia??th iaa/aiiy
(E.?iiaieoeia); i?aeaioiaee aeeeaaea/?a ia OIE (A.Ea?iia, I.Eaooaiia,
I.Nae?eaeiaa); aea/aiiy o?i?? (TH.Onoeithe); i?iaeaiii-iiaeoeueiiai
iaa/aiiy (I.*ioaiia); neeaaeiaeo iiaeoeueii? oaoiieia?? iaa/aiiy
(A.Eaa??ioue?a, I.Eaa?aioue?aa); iiaeoeueii-?icaeaaeueiiai iaa/aiiy
(A.Oo?iai); iiaeoeueii-oi?ioth/iai iaa/aiiy (A.Nooaiei, O.Ae?en??iei) oa
?io?.

Cae?eniaiee iaie aiae?c aeina?aeo ?aae?caoe?? iiaeoeueieo oaoiieia?e o
aeu?e oeie? na?ae/eoue i?i ?o cia/i? iiaeeeaino? a iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?
ye aeey i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie, oae ? aeey
oi?ioaaiiy i?ioan?eieo yeinoae iniaenoino?, ?? ?i?oe?aoeaiino?,
naiino?eiino? e oai?/ino?. Aiaeii/an eiinoaoo?ii, ui oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a o eiiieaen? c aea/aiiyi
iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i a oiiaao iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano a aeena?oaoe?eieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo ia ?icaeyaeaeinue.

I?aeoe/ia ? oai?aoe/ia cia/ou?noue i?iaeaie , ?? iaaeinoaoiy iaoeiaa
?ic?iaeai?noue iaoiiaeee aeooaeuei?noue ? aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy “Oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue
nooaeaio?a a oiiaao iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy”.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiioaaeinue o ?one? aea?aeathaeaeaoii? oaie
iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? eaai?aoi??? i?iaeai iaaeaaia?ee aeui? oeiee
*a?i?aaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.TH.Oaaeueeiae/a “Oai?aoe/ia
iaa?oiooaaiiy e ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee naiiianoaaeaiiy oa ei?aeoe?? ci?noo ?
yeino? i?aeaioiaee niaoe?ae?no?a c aeuith ina?oith” (? 0194V28025).

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a ia iaaeaaia?/ieo
niaoe?aeueiinoyo oi?aa?neoao?a.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?aai?caoe?y iiaeoeueiiai aea/aiiy aeenoeeie?i
iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a.

Iaoa – aeine?aeeoe iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a o i?ioean? iiaeoeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? aea/aiiy iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i.

Eiioeaiooaeueia ?aeay aeine?aeaeaiiy. Noi?iiaai?noue
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue ? iaei??th c iniiaieo oiia
i?aeaioiaee aeioneiee?a iaaeaoc?a aei iaeaooiuei? iaaeaaia?/ii?
ae?yeueiino?. O?aaeeoe?eiee iaa/aeueiee i?ioean o aeu?e oeie?, cie?aia a
oi?aa?neoaoao, ia caaaeaee caaacia/o? iaeaaeiee ??aaiue ?o i?aeaioiaee
aei aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ii?, a a?aeiia?aeii ? aei iaeaooiuei?
aoaeoeaii? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? a oeie?.

Oiiae oni?oiiai ?ica’ycaiiy icia/aii? i?iaeaie noai?ththoueny i?e
iiaeoeuei?e i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, ui caaacia/o?
eiiieaeniee i?aeo?ae aei aea/aiiy iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i ?
i?iaaaeaiiy iaaei?aeoee, noeioeth? naiino?eio, oai?/o ae?yeuei?noue
nooaeaio?a.

A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy: aoaeoeai?noue oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a i?aeaeueoueny, yeui
cae?enithaaoeiaoueny a eiiieaen? c aea/aiiyi aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai
oeeeeo ca oiiae iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano,
i?iiecaii? ??cii??aiaaei ?aeoeiaiaei eiio?ieai.

Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy:

· aeyaeoe iniiai? oiiae, ye? aecia/athoue aoaeoeai?noue iaaeaaia?/ii?
ae?yeueiino? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano;

· ?ice?eoe nooi?noue ? no?oeoo?o aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ii?
ae?yeueiino? oa aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue o ci?no?
i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey;

· ?ic?iaeoe aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a, ??ai? ?o noi?iiaaiino?
a oiiaao iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano aoco;

· aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe oa iaa?oiooaaoe iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae
aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a
oi?iaeiaae iiaeoeueiiai aea/aiiy aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo oa
i?ioiaeaeaiiy iaaei?aeoee;

· ?ic?iaeoe i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a o no?oeoo?? ?o
iaeaooiuei? iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino?.

Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaee iniiai? iieiaeaiiy
oai??? i?ciaiiy, ?aea? no/anieo eiioeaioe?e iaa/aiiy ? iiaeo
iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e; aeniiaee a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo iaaeaaia?a
? ineoieia?a ?c aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie; caeiiiaeaa/? aeoe oa
ii?iaoeai? aeieoiaioe, ui noinothoueny nenoaie ina?oe.

O ?iaio? iaae oaiith aeine?aeaeaiiy iaie aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aeinyaiaiiy
a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo o/aieo. O a?aeiia?aeiino? aei oaie, iaoe ?
i?aaeiaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy, ie iie?aeeny ia i?aoe? A.Aeaenthea,
N.A?oaiaaeuenueeiai, A.Aiaoo, A.Aaniaeueea, A.Aaeoceinueeiai,
A.Aeaaeaeiaa, I.?aoooa, ?.Cycthia, A.Eicaeiaa, A.Eea??ia, I.Eocuei?ii?,
I.Eenaiei, A.Neanoueii?ia, I.Oe?ey.

Aeey ae??oaiiy cacia/aieo caaea/ ?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aio aeine?aeaeaiiy, yea
ia?aaeaa/aea aeei?enoaiiy eiiieaeno aca?iiiia’ycaieo iaoiae?a
iaaeaaia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy: oai?aoe/ieo – iaoiae aiae?co e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae; aea/aiiy, aiae?co e ocaaaeueiaiiy aeina?aeo iiaeoeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aiiy; iaoiae eiioaio-aiae?co ii?iaoeaieo ? ca?oieo
aeieoiaio?a; aii??e/ieo – niinoa?aaeaiiy; iaaeaaia?/ia iiaeaethaaiiy;
?iaeea?aeoaeuei? e a?oiia? aan?aee; aenia?oi? ioe?iee; naiiioe?iee;
aieaooaaiiy; noaoenoe/i? iaoiaee; aeaiaoaiiee oi?ioth/ee iaaeaaia?/iee
aenia?eiaio.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ? oai?aoe/ia cia/ou?noue. Aeine?aeaeaii iiaeeeaino?
oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a a oiiaao
iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a eiiieaen? c aea/aiiyi
aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo oa i?iaaaeaiiyi iaaei?aeoee;
cai?iiiiiaaii aaoi?nueea aecia/aiiy nooiino?, no?oeoo?e e ?ie?
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino? oa a?aeiia?aeieo oi?iue a
oiiaao iaa/aeueii? ? – o iaeaooiueiio – iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino?;
?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue,
e?eoa??? ?o ??aiaai? ioe?iee.

I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue. Aecia/aii aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/i? oi?iiy
nooaeaio?a ye iniiaiee aeaiaio, yeee aecia/a? aoaeoeai?noue iaeaooiuei?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino?; aeyaeaii oiiae aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue ca iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe??
aea/aiiy aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo oa i?iaaaeaiiy iaaei?aeoee;
a?aei?aoeueiaaii iaoiaeeeo ??cii??aiaaiai ?aeoeiaiaiai eiio?ieth ye
iaoai?cio ea??aieoeoaa i?ioeanii oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue; ?ic?iaeaii e ai?iaaaeaeaii
iiaeoeuei? oaoiieia?? oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue
nooaeaio?a o eiiieaen? c aea/aiiyi aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo.

A??ia?aei?noue ? a?aoiaioiaai?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
caaacia/o?oueny oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/iith iaa?oioiaai?noth oiia
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe, nenoaiith iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? ?
aaeaeaaoieie aei iaoe, i?aaeiaoa, a?iioace oa caaea/ aeine?aeaeaiiy;
?ai?acaioaoeai?noth aea??ee ? iaae?ei?noth noaoenoe/ieo iieaciee?a,
cia/iei ia’?iii io?eiaieo aii??e/ieo aeaieo oa ?o eiiieaeniei
e?euee?nii-ye?niei aiae?cii.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a. O ni?eueieo ioae?eaoe?yo aaoi?nueeeie ?: ?aeay
? ?ic?iaea oaoiieia?? oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue
oa ?? ai?iaaoe?y [1]; ?ic?iaea eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue i?e iiaeoeuei?e i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano [7;11;13]; ?aeay aeei?enoaiiy iaaeaaia?/ieo
caaea/ aeey oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a
[5;9]; ?aeay, ?ic?iaea ? iaa?oiooaaiiy e?eoa???a ? ??ai?a noi?iiaaiino?
aeine?aeieoeueei- iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a [6;18]; ?aeay e
?ic?iaea aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee oa ?? ai?iaaoe?y [15;16].

Ai?iaaoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny
oeyoii:

· ?ic?iaee ? aeei?enoaiiy iiaeoeueieo oaoiieia?e oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a o eiiieaen? c aea/aiiyi
iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i o *a?i?aaoeueeiio (aeia?aeea ? 34 a?ae
20.09.1998), N?ioa?iiieuenueeiio (aeia?aeea ? 21 a?ae 09.09.1998),
I?eianueeiio (aeia?aeea ? 29 a?ae 25.09.1998) aea?aeoi?aa?neoaoao,
sseoeinueeiio iaaeaaia?/iiio eieaaeae? (aeia?aeea ? 17 a?ae 01.07.1998)
oa ?aaii-O?aie?anueeiio oaoi?/iiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? iaooe ?
aaco a eiiieaen? c aea/aiiyi niaoe?aeueieo aeenoeeie?i (aeia?aeea ? 20
a?ae 09.09.1998);

· ii?eethaeiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo: Ee?a (1995, 1996, 1997), E?eaee ??a (1995), *a?i?aoe?
(1996, 1998), ?aaii-O?aie?anuee (1998);

· ?ic?iaeith ? /eoaiiyi ii?iaoeaiiai eo?no “Iaaeaaia?ea”, niaoeeo?n?a
iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo a *a?i?aaoeueeiio aea?aeoi?aa?neoao?; i?iaaaeaiiyi
eaeoe?e ? nai?ia?nueeeo caiyoue aeey a/eoae?a ? aeeeaaea/?a ??cieo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a *a?i?aaoeueeiai aoc?anueeiai ?aaiiio c i?iaeai
iiaeoeueiiai iaa/aiiy.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeaii a 19 iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo, a naia:
iaa/aeueii-iaoiaee/iee iin?aiee (1), noaoo? o oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo (4),
iaoa?iaee oa oace iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioeie (13 ? 1 –
a?aeiia?aeii), c ieo 8 iaeiiiniaieo.

Aeena?oaoeiy neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, o?ueio ?icaeieia, aeniiaeia (ianya
iniiaiiai oaenoo: 179 noi?iiie), nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e (335
aeaea?ae). O ?iaioi aiiuaii: 1 noaia; 16 oaaeeoeue; 7 ?enoie?a, c yeeo 4
a?aoiee oa 3 ainoia?aie; 16 aeiaeaoeia ianyaii 120 noi?iiie.

INIIAIEE CIINO AeENA?OAOeI?

O anooii iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeueiinoue aeineiaeaeaiiy, aecia/aii eiai
ia’?eo, i?aaeiao, iaoo, aiiioaco, caaea/i, iaoiaee aeineiaeaeaiiy,
ioa?aeoa?eciaaii nooiiiue aeineiaeaeaiinoi i?iaeaie, noi?ioeueiaaii
iaoeiao iiaecio, iniaenoee aianie aeena?oaioa, i?aeoe/io cia/ouinoue,
?ice?eoi oeyoe ai?iaaoei? e ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoaoia.

O ia?oiio ?icaeiei – “Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiai/iee aiaeic iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano aeui? iaaeaaiai/ii? oeiee Oe?a?ie” – i?iaiaeiciaaii
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/io eioa?aoo?o, no/ani? aeiiae caeiiiaeaa/eo i
ii?iaoeaieo aeieoiaioia aei nenoaie inaioe, iaa?oioiaaii aeniiaie i?i
c?inoaiiy iioaeaeooaeueieo iiaeeeainoae on?o, ooi iaa/a?oueny. Ia oe?e
i?aenoaa? iaa?oioiaaii aioiai?noue o/iia caaaeueiiinaioiio oeie ?
nooaeaio?a aoc?a iaa/aoenue ia aenieeo, aeineiaeieoeueei-oai?/eo ?iaiyo.
?o noaaeaiiy iiae?ey? aieueoinoue iaaeaaiaia. Aiaeii/an ?iaaiue
iiaeaioiaee a/eoae?a ? aeeeaaea/?a aei aeei?enoaiiy ?iiiaaoe?eieo oei?a
? oi?i i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano ia caaaeaee caaeia?eueiee.

Neooaoeiy, ui neeaeany a caaaeueiiinaioiie oeiei, aeiaaa? aiae aeui?
iaaeaaiai/ii? inaioe ia?ai?i?ioaoei? ?? nenoaie ia ?icaeoie o nooaeaioia
e?eoe/iiai e oai?/iai ieneaiiy, iiaeaioiaee ?o aei aeoeaii?, naiino?eii?
iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino? a oeie?. Ia oe?e i?aenoaa? iaa?oioiaaii, ui
aieiaio oaaao a i?aaiicaoei? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano ne?ae cina?aaeeoe ia
oi?ioaaiii a nooaeaioia iiioeiaoeaiino?, naiinoieiinoi, i?ioanieii?
eiiiaoaioiinoi, ni?iiiaeiinoi ia iaoeiaie iniiai aoaeoaaoe e ?icaeaaoe
iaa/aeueiee i?ioean o oeiei. Aaaii?oith iiaeiia noaoe
iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueea aeiyeueiinoue nooaeaioia o ?ica’ycaii? ieie
aeine?aeieoeueeeo caaea/. Caaeey oeueiai aeioe?eueii iaa/aiiy
ii?aeioaaoe c iaoeiaeie aeineiaeaeaiiyie.

Aiaeii/an, aiaeic iaai?o oeiia, oi?i i iaoiaeia iaa/aiiy naiae/eoue, ui
aeiiae aei iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano o aeu?e iaaeaaia?/i?e oeie? ia
i?aeoeoe? ia caaaeaee ?aaeicothoueny. Oeyoii cai?iaaaeaeaiiy
aeena?oaioii aaoi?nueei? iaoiaeeee aeyao ?iaiy aieiaeiiiy aeioneieeaie
iaaeaaiai/ieo aocia iniiaieie eiiiiiaioaie iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi
aeiaaaeaii, ui o ieo aeieeathoue iaeaieueoi o?oaeiiui o aieiaeiiii
i?i?ioaoeieii-i?iaiinoe/iei, eiino?oeoeaii-i?iaeooaaeueiei oa
aeineiaeieoeueei-oai?/ei ?? eiiiiiaioaie. Caaaeii oea iiaeoaa?aeaeo? iao
aeniiaie, ui aeioneieee iaaeaocia iaaeinoaoiuei iiaeaioiaeaii aei
oai?/i-aeineiaeieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?, aei ?ica’ycaiiy no/anieo
caaaeaiue, aenoiooeo aea?aeaaith ia?aae nenoaiith iaia?a?aii? inaioe
Oe?a?ie.

Iaie icia/aia iaaeaaia?/ia noia?a/i?noue iiae iniaenoinoth, yea aeoeaii
?icaeaa?oueny, aeiiaaie noniieuenoaa e naii? iniaenoinoi aei nenoaie
inaioe, c iaeiiai aieo, ? oeiaie, oi?iaie e iaoiaeaie iaa/aiiy, yei
aeithoue o o?aaeeoe?ei?e nenoaii, – c ?ioiai. I/aaeaeiith noaea
iaiaoiaeiinoue ciiie ?ai?iaeoeoeaii-iiynithaaeueieo oeiia iaa/aiiy, ui
iiaooothoue a inaioi, ia aoaeoeaiioi, ye? aeicaieythoue aeei?enoiaoaaoe
iiai oaoiieiai?, aaeaeaaoi? aei oiia, ye? neeaeeny a ina?oiueiio
i?inoi?? aea?aeaae oa ca ?? ei?aeiiii.

Eaeaoueny i?i iiiiaaoeieiee iiaeoiae, yeee noai?th? aeey nooaeaioia
iaaeaaia?/ieo niaoe?aeueiinoae, cie?aia a oi?aa?neoaoao, iiaeeeaino?
canaithaaoe iiaee aeinaiae ia iniiai oeieani?yiiaaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iiooeiaiai, e?eoe/iiai e oai?/iai ieneaiiy,
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo oaoiieia?e iaa/aiiy, ?ieueiaiai oa iiioaoeieiiai
iiaeaethaaiiy. C oeei iai?yieii o naioiaie iaaeaaiai/iie i?aeoeoei
iia’yco?oueny ?ic?iaea aeine?aeieoeueeeo iaoiaeee iaa/aiiy,
i?i?ioiaaieo ia iiaeaeue iaeaooiuei? iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi
aeioneieea.

Ia i?aenoaa? aiaeico ?icieo iiaeoiaeia aei aeiia ? ci?noo no/anii?
iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi aeena?oaioii ?ic?iaeaii e aeei?enoaii
aaoi?nueeo iaoiaeeeo aiaeico ?? aioo?ioiuei? no?oeoo?e, ui aea? ciiao
noaa?aeaeoaaoe: iaaeaaiai/ia aeiyeueiinoue – oea neeaaeia, ni?yiiaaia ia
o/iia i?ioanieia aeiyeueiinoue iaaeaaiaa, no?oeoo?a yei? ? oeieiniei
ooai?aiiyi, ui neeaaea?oueny c iecee aeie (eiiiiiaioia), iia’ycaieo i?ae
niaith eiie?aoieie caaaeaiiyie ? nenoaiith ??cieo ca’yceia.
Aecia/aeueiei eiiiiiaioii o no?oeoo?i iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi ?
aeineiaeieoeueei-oai?/a aeiyeueiinoue o/eoaey, a aeecueeeie aei ia?, yei
aieeaathoue, a oeieiio, ia aoaeoeaiinoue iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi,
aenooiathoue: eiino?oeoeaii-i?iaeooaaeueia; i?i?ioaoeieii-i?iaiinoe/ia;
eiioiieaoeaii-noeioethth/a; aeiaaiinoe/ia, ui iiaeoaa?aeaeo? c?iaeaii
iaie iiia?aaei? aeniiaee. Ioiae noaa?aeaeo?ii, ui iaaeaaiai/ia
aeiyeueiinoue no/aniiai a/eoaey iiaeiia aooe i?iiecaia
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/iith aeiyeueiinoth aai ae ?? aeaiaioaie.
Oaeee iiaeoiae ?icaeyaea?ii ye oiiao, ui aecia/a? aoaeoeaiinoue
iaeaooiuei? iaaeaaia?/ii? aeiyeueiinoi a/eoaey. Nooiinoth,
aecia/aeueiei ciinoii iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi ?icaeyaea?ii
aeineiaeieoeueeo aeiyeueiinoue /e ?? aeaiaioe.

A?aeiia?aeii aei aeae?eaiiy aeineiaeieoeueeeo aeie iaeaooiueiai o/eoaey,
ye aecia/aeueiiai eiiiiiaioa no?oeoo?e eiai iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi,
c o?aooaaiiyi yeiai iiaeiai aoaeoaaoeny iaa/aeueiee i?ioean, iaie
aenoiooi aeiiae uiaei aeeaoiai aea/aiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ii?
ae?yeueiino? oa aeyaeaiiy oiia aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaio?a o oiae? iaa/aiiy a
iaaeaaiai/iiio aoc?.

O ae?oaiio ?icaeiei “Iiaeoeueia i?aaiicaoeiy i?ioeano iaa/aiiy ye oiiaa
oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia”
aiaeiiaiaeii aei caaea/ aeineiaeaeaiiy, iaa?oioiaaii nooue iiiyoue
“aeineiaeieoeueea iaaeaaiai/ia aeiyeueiinoue”,
“aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ii oiiiiy”, iieacai? iniiaii ia?aaeoiiae ?o
oi?ioaaiiy.

Iiae aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/iith aeiyeueiinoth ie ?icoii?ii
ocaiaeaeaio ?c caeiiiii?iinoyie i?ioeano iiciaiiy naiinoieio
iiooeiai-oai?/o aeiyeueiinoue a/eoaey a no?oeoo?i eiai i?ioan?eii?
aeiyeueiinoi, yea ni?yiiaaia ia iiaeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiinoi anio ??
eiiiiiaioia ? caeienith?oueny c aeei?enoaiiyi niaoeiaeueieo (aiaeiinii
iaoiaeia iaa/aiiy) iaoiaeia iaaeaaiai/iiai aeineiaeaeaiiy. Iniiaith
aeineiaeieoeueei? iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi ?icaeyaea?ii
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/i? oiiiiy.

Iiae aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieie oiiiiyie ?icoii?ii aieiaeiiiy
nenoaiith niaoeiaeueieo ciaiue oa iaae/ie aeei?enoaiiy iaoiaeia
iaaeaaiai/iiai aeineiaeaeaiiy aeey aeeiiaiiy aeineiaeieoeueeeo aeie o
i?ioeani iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi a/eoaey. Aeineiaeaeaiiy aeathoue
iiaenoaae aecia/eoe aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/i? aiiiiy ca i’youeiia
?iaiyie:

– “ioeueiaee” – oea ii/aoeiaee ??aaiue, “ioeue”, aiaeiinii yeiai
ii/eia?oueny oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue;

– “aeiaiaoe/iee” – ?iaaiue, ia yeiio a nooaeaioa iio?aaa iaoeiaiai
iiooeo aiaenooiy, ciaiiy iaoiaeia iaaeaaiai/iiai aeineiaeaeaiiy
iaiaaeaii iaoa?iaeaie iiae?o/ieea, cao/aii e o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioeani
aeei?enoiaothoueny eeoa ca iiaoi?iiai ni?eeiyooy c iiaeeacee aeeeaaea/a;

– “eiiithaaeueiee” – ?iaaiue, ia yeiio nooaeaio onaiaeiieth?
iaiaoiaeiinoue iiooeo iiae aieeaii aeeeaaea/a; aea/ea iniiaii iaoiaee
iaaeaaiai/iiai aeineiaeaeaiiy e ca caaaeaiiyi iaaeaaiaa oa iiae eiai
ea?iaieoeoaii oii? ?o canoiniaoaaoe a oeiiaeo oiiaao;

– “iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueeee” – ?iaaiue, ia yeiio a nooaeaioa
noi?iiaaia, ca oiiae aeeth/aiiy a noai?aio aeeeaaea/ai i?iaeaio, iio?aaa
iaoeiaiai iiooeo oeyo?a iaeaoaeoeaiioiai ?ioaiiy; aii aieiaei?
iaiaoiaeieie ciaiiyie aeey aeai?o iioeiaeueieo iaoiaeia iaaeaaiai/iiai
aeineiaeaeaiiy a ianoaiaea?oieo neooaoeiyo i caeaoiee i?ney
eiinoeueoaoe?? aeeeaaea/a i?aaiicoaaoe aeineiaeaeaiiy;

– “aeineiaeieoeueeee” – ?iaaiue, ia yeiio nooaeaio ia? noieei iioeae aei
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi; naiinoieii aeyaey? e
oi?ioeth? i?iaeaie (noia?a/iino?); cia? iaoiaeieiaith iaaeaaiai/iiai
aeineiaeaeaiiy; naiinoieii e iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii aeae?a? oeyoe
ae?ioaiiy aeyaeaii? noia?a/iino?; naiinoieii, ia aeuiio oai?/iio ?iaii
?? ?ica’yco?; aiaeico? io?eiaii ?acoeueoaoe oa ai?iaaaeaeo? ?o a
iaaeaaia?/io i?aeoeeo.

Aeiaaaeaii, ui iniiaith, yae?ii aeineiaeieoeueei? iaaeaaiai/ii?
aeiyeueiinoi ? oiiiiy ?ica’ycoaaoe aeineiaeieoeueei iaaeaaiai/ii caaea/i
a no?oeoo?i caaaeueii-iaaeaaiai/ieo.

Nenoaiii-aeiyeueiiniee iiaeoiae aei aeineiaeieoeueei? iaaeaaiai/ii?
aeiyeueiinoi a no?oeoo?i oeieiniiai iaaeaaiai/iiai i?ioeano aeicaieea
aeaeieeoe iniiaii aeeaeaeoe/ii ia?aaeoiiae ?o oi?ioaaiiy. Aei ieo
iaeaaeaoue: ni?yiiaaiinoue ia aeineiaeieoeueei-oai?/o iaa/aeueio
aeiyeueiinoue; oi?ioaaiiy a nooaeaioia e?eoe/iiai, oai?/iai ieneaiiy;
iioaeaeooaeueia aeoeai?noue, iiioeiaoeai?noue, naiinoiei?noue,
i?ioanieia eiiiaoaioi?noue.

Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe na?ae/aoue, ui ?aaeicaoeiy icia/aieo ia?aaeoiia
iaeoniioiioa iiaea caeienithaaoeny ca iiaeoeueii? i?aaiicaoei? i?ioeano
iaa/aiiy. Cacia/eii, ui iaeaeui iieacieee oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue iiaeooue aooe io?eiaii i?e
eiiieaeniiio iiaeoiae? aei iiaeoeueii? i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy
iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii, yea i?iiecaia nenoaiith ?icii?iaiaaiai
?aeoeiaiaiai eiio?ieth.

C iaoith noai?aiiy iaoeiai? aace aeey ?ic?iaee aenia?eiaioaeueii?
iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue, yea
a?aoiaoaaea a aeuaiacaaii ia?aaeoiiae, o ?icaeiei cae?eniaii oai?aoe/iee
aiaeic i ocaaaeueiaii aeinaiae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeoeueiiai iaa/aiiy c
?iciith iaoith, a ?ici? iaaeaaiai/i? nenoaie, cie?aia o aeu?e oeie?.
I?iaiaeiciaaii iiaeoiaee aei ?ic?iaee iiaeoeueieo i?ia?ai ? iiaeoeia
(aia?eeainueeee, i?iaoeueeee, eeoianueeee, ?in?enueeee, oe?a?inueeee),
ui aeicaieeei ae?eoe aeniiaeo uiaei iiaeeeainoae oniioiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia ca oiiae iiaeoeueii?
i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii.

O o?aoueiio ?icaeiei “Aenia?eiaioaeueia aeineiaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiinoi
oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia a oiiaao
iiaeoeueii? i?aaiicaoei? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy” iaa?oioiaaii
aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo, iienaii iaaeaaiai/iee aenia?eiaio ?
i?iaiae?ciaaii io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe.

A?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe e a?iioace aeine?aeaeaiiy aoa ?ic?iaeaiee
?iaa??aio aenia?eiaioaeueii? iiaeoeueii? oaoiieia??, yeee aeicaieya
a?aoiaoaaoe oa?aeoa? ? oiiae aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii.

Eiaeia aenia?eiaioaeueia oaoiieiaiy aeeth/aea:

a) oeieueiao i?ia?aio aeiyeueiinoi, a ye?e ?ice?eoi caaaeueio no?oeoo?o
iiaeoeueii? i?ia?aie eo?no e i?aaiicaoeieii aeaciaee uiaei ciinoo
iaaeaaiai/iiai i?ioeano, aeiyeueiinoi aeeeaaea/a oa nooaeaio?a, a oaeiae
oa?iiie aeeiiaiiy aenoiooeo caaaeaiue; aeacaii oiiae ioeiithaaiiy e
ioeiiee iaieiaeiiiy iiaeoeueiith i?ia?aiith; ?aeiiaiaeiaaio aei iiaeoe?a
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/io e?oa?aoo?o;

a) iiaeoei, eiaeai c yeeo aeaeiiiiioaaany ia ie?aii iaa/aeueii aeaiaioe.
Iiaeoeue aeeth/aa: iioeaaoe?eio iniiao, caaaeueio no?oeoo?o iiaeoey,
aeie ?ioi?iaoe??, iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei iaieiae?iiy ci?noii
iiaeoey, eiio?ieuei? caieoaiiy ? i?ioan?eii-i???ioiaai?
caaea/?-caaaeaiiy;

a) aeniiaie-?acthia ?c aeacaieie iniiaieie oiiaaie aeiioneo aei
iiaenoieiaiai eiio?ieth (inieoo, caeieo) /e caieueiaiiy aiae iueiai
aiaeiiaiaeii aei eieueeinoi aaeia, ye? iaa?aa nooaeaio iiae /an
iaieiaeiiiy ani?th iiaeoeueiith i?ia?aiith.

A aenia?eiaioaeueiie iaoiaeeoei aoei aeei?enoaii ?icaaeoaeaio, aea
ia’?aeiaio ni?eueiith iaoith nenoaio e?eoa?i?a oa ?o iieacieeia. Iniiai?
e?eoa?i?: noi?iiaaiinoue aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue, ui
aeii?thaaeanue aaeaie, ?iaaiue noi?iiaaiinoi oa ?? iaae?ei?noue ia
caaeaieo ?iaiyo. Aeey ioeiiee yeinoi ciaiue aeei?enoiaoaaeenue e?eoa?i?:
“na?aaeiie aae”, “yeinoue iaa/aiiy”, a oaeiae “iiaeaen iiaeeaiaeoaeueii?
aoaeoeaiinoi iaa/aiiy”, yeee aieueo /ooeeaee aei oai?/iai iaa/aiiy,
iniaeeai ia aenieeo ?iaiyo iioaeaeooaeueieo o?oaeiiuia.

O i?ioean? iaaeaaia?/iiai aenia?eiaioo oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaai/ieo oi?iue cae?enithaaeiny a oiiaao iiaeoeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? aea/aiiy aeenoeeie?i: “Iaaeaaia?ea”, “Iniiae iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue o iaaeaaia?oe?”, “Iniiae iaaeaaia?/ii? iaenoa?iino?”,
“Iaaeaaia?/i? oaoiieia?? aeui? oeiee”, ?icae?eo iaaeaaia?ee
“Aeeaeaeoeea” ? aeaio iaaei?aeoee, ui neeaaeaee c eiaeii?
niaoe?aeueiino? aecia/aio iaa/aeueiei ieaiii iine?aeiai?noue.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ioiiethaaei o?e i?ioiei iaa/aiiy a *a?iiaaoeueeiio oa
iaeei i?io?eue o Niioa?iiieuenueeiio aea?aeaaieo oiiaa?neoaoao. Ie?aii
aoaie oa aeaiaioe aeineiaeaeaiiy ai?iaiaoaaeenue a I?eianueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? oa sseoeinueeiio iaaeaaiai/iiio eieaaeaei, a
*a?iiaaoeueeiio iaaeo/eeeui oa a oeieao *a?iiaaoeueeiai aocianueeiai
?aaiiio. Anueiai a aenia?eiaio? acyee o/anoue 521 nooaeaio. C ieo ia
iaaeaaiai/iiio i?ioiei – 8 aeaaeaia?oi (194 /ie.), ia
aoiaiioa?ii-iaaeaaiai/iiio – 6 aeaaeaia?oi (172 /ie.) i ia
i?e?iaeie/i-iaaeaaiai/iiio – 6 aeaaeaia?oi (155 /ie.).

Ia ii/aoeo eiaeiiai aoaio oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo i?iaaaeaii
eiinoaooth/ee c?ic ? aeyaeaii ??aaiue i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a, icia/aii
aenia?eiaioaeuei? e eiio?ieuei? a?oie. Aenia?eiaio i?ioiaeea o aeaa
aoaie c i?iiiaeiith ei?aeoei?th a oa?iiie aiaeiiaiaeii aei ?ic?iaeaii?
iaoiaeeee. Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea ?acoeueoaoia aenia?eiaioo oa ?o aiaeic
aeicaieeee aecia/eoe: aoaeoeaiinoue oi?ioaaiiy a nooaeaio?a
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue o eiiieaen? c iiaeoeueiei
aea/aiiyi aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo; aeyaeoe aoaeoeai?noue
oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia ia
iaaeaaiai/iie i?aeoeoei; anoaiiaeoe aoaeoeaiinoue oi?ioaaiiy icia/aieo
oiiiue c o?aooaaiiyi aeeiaiiee ?o ?icaeoeo ca i?ioieyie iiaeaioiaee.
Na?aaeii ?acoeueoaoe aoaeoeaiinoi e aeeiai?ea oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia o i?ioeani aea/aiiy
iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii iaaaaeaii a oaaeeoei 1.

Aeaii oaaeeoei 1naiae/aoue, ui a na?aaeiueiio noi?iiaaiinoue
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaio?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi
uiaei eiio?ieueieo c?inea c 5,38 aei 8,66 aaea, oiaoi a 1,61 ?aca oa
ioeiith?oueny iaie, ye “aiaeiinii aeniea”. Aiaeii/an o nooaeaio?a
eiio?ieueieo a?oi aiia caeeoeeany “na?aaeiueith” (5,48).

Cacia/eii, ui iaeaoaeoeaiioa aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ii oiiiiy
nooaeaio?a oi?ioaaeeny ia caaa?oaeueieo aoaiao aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii. Oae, o aea/aiii “Iaaeaaiai/ieo oaoiieiaie” ?o
noi?iiaaiinoue a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao c?inea a 1,95 ?ac?a; o
aea/aiii “Iniia iaaeaaiai/ii? iaenoa?iinoi” – a 1,64 ?aca. Ca io?eiaieie
iieacieeaie ioeiith?ii ?? ye “aenieo”.

?iaaiue noi?iiaaiinoi aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaio?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi o na?aaeiueiio aeyaeany a 1,37 ?aca aeuee, iiae
o eiio?ieueieo, i ioeiithaaany ye “iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueeee”, a ia
caaa?oaeueieo aoaiao iaa/aiiy ia anio i?ioieyo iiaeaioiaee – ye
“aeineiaeieoeueeee”. O eiio?ieueieo – ia aoiaiioa?ii-iaaeaaiai/iiio oa
i?e?iaeie/i-iaaeaaiai/iiio i?ioieyo – ??aaiue caeeoeany
“eiiithaaeueiee”, a ia iaaeaaiai/iiio – “iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueeee”.

Iaaeieiinoue noi?iiaaieo ia o?aoueiio e aeueo ?iaiyo
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaio?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi
neeaea 81,2% i ioeiiaia ye “noieea”. Aiaeii/an o nooaeaio?a
eiio?ieueieo a?oi aiia noaiiaeea eeoa 36,6%, oiaoi a 2,22 ?aca ieae/a i
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ye “iecueea”.

Io?eiaii ?acoeueoaoe naiae/aoue i?i aoaeoeaiinoue aenia?eiaioaeueii?
iaoiaeeee i cana?ae/othoue oaiaeaioeith aei c?inoaiiy aoaeoeaiinoi
oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue ia caaa?oaeueiiio aoai?
iaa/aiiy.

Aeey aeieaciaino? aoaeoeaiino? oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue oi?iaeiaae aeaio iaaeaaiai/ieo i?aeoee ia?aae nooaeaioaie
eiio?ieueieo i aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi noaaeeinue niaoeiaeueia
caaaeaiiy. Iiney iiaa?iaiiy c iaaei?aeoeee, nooaeaioaie ca oi?th ae
iaoiaeeeith, ui e i?e aea/aiii iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii, aeeiioaaeeny
niaoeiaeueii ?ic?iaeaii i?ioanieii-i?i?ioiaaii caaea/i. Ia oeie
iniiai anoaiiaethaaeany aoaeoeaiinoue oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue i?ae /an iaaei?aeoee. ?acoeueoaoe,
c o?aooaaiiyi i?ioieia iaa/aiiy, iaaaaeaii a oaaeeoei 2.

Aeai? oaaeeoe? 2 na?ae/aoue i?i aeeiaiieo ?inoo ?iaiy noi?iiaaiinoi
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue oi?iaeiaae iaaei?aeoee. Oae, o
nooaeaio?a eiio?ieueieo a?oi oeae ??aaiue c??n a?ae 2,23
(“eiiithaaeueiee”) aei 2,48, oiaoi a 1,11 ?aca ? caeeoeany
“eiiithaaeueiei”. O nooaeaio?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi – c 2,90
(“iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueeee”) aei 3,51, oiaoi a 1,21 ?aca i
ioeiith?oueny ye aeineiaeieoeueeee. Ia caaa?oaeueiiio aoaii iaaei?aeoeee
(II-2) oeae e?eoa?ie a 1,41 ?aca aeuee ii??aiyii c ?acoeueoaoaie
nooaeaio?a eiio?ieueieo a?oi (3,51 i 2,48).

Io?eiaii ?acoeueoaoe naiae/aoue, ui a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao
iaaeaaiai/ia aeiyeueiinoue nooaeaioia, iniaeeai ia caaa?oaeueiie
iaaei?aeoeoei, caeienithaaeanue ia?aaaaeii ia
“iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueeiio” oa “aeineiaeieoeueeiio” ?iaiyo.
Eiie?aoiioa aeuaicia/aiee aeniiaie iiaeoaa?aeaeo? e?eoa?ie iaaeieiinoi,
yeee, ye ia ia?o?e iaaei?aeoeoei (II-1), oae i ia ae?oa?e (II-2) a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao a na?aaeiueiio a 2,45 ?aca aeuee, iiae o
eiio?ieueieo. ?acoeueoaoe na?ae/aoue ia eeoa i?i aenieo noieeinoue
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano ia aeueo aeineiaeieoeueei- oai?/eo ?iaiyo a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao, a e i?i oa, ui, neaae?ii, oi?iaeiaae i?aeoee
– 1 – 66,1% iaa/aeueieo caaea/ ?ica’ycoaaeenue ia 3 i 4 ?iaiyo, a ia
i?aeoeeao-2 ?o oa?aeoa?enoeea noaiiaeea 86,4%. O eiio?ieueieo a?oiao
aeineiaeieoeueei-oai?/eo caaea/ aoei aiaeiiaiaeii eeoa 27,0 i 35,2 %.sse
aa/eii, iaaeaaiai/ia aeiyeueiinoue nooaeaioia aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi ia
i?aeoeoei ?icaeaaeany ia aieueo aenieeo ?iaiyo iioaeaeooaeueieo
o?oaeiiuia i iaea aeineiaeieoeueei-iiooeiaee oa?aeoa?. O oeieiio iiaeia
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui aoaeoeaiinoue oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi
ia caaa?oaeueiiio aoaii i?aeoe/iiai iaa/aiiy aeyaeeanue, ca aniia
aenoiooeie e?eoa?iyie, aeuith ii??aiyii c eiio?ieueieie. Io?eiaii
?acoeueoaoe ocaiaeaeothoueny c ?acoeueoaoaie oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue i?e aea/aiii iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii.

Aieea iniaeeainoae iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano ia ?icieo i?ioieyo iaa/aiiy i a
?icieo aocao aeineiaeaeaii oeyoii ii?iaiyiiy aoaeoeaiinoi oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue oi?iaeiaae aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii i i?ioiaeaeaiiy iaaei?aeoee. C oei?th iaoith ca na?aaeiiie
aeaieie oaaeeoeue 1 i 2 iiaoaeiaaii a?aoiee (?en. 1).

?en.1. Aeeiai?ea ci?i noi?iiaaiino? aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue nooaeaioia oa ?? ?iaiy.

Ca ii?iaiyeueiei aiaeicii a?ao?e?a noaa?aeaeo?ii: oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao
aiaeiinii eiio?ieueieo, ca aniia e?eoa?iyie i ia anio o?ueio i?ioieyo
iiaeaioiaee, ye i?e aea/aiii iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii, oae i ai?iaeiaae
iaaei?aeoee, a?aeaoaaeinue aoaeoeaii e aac nooo?aeo aiaeoeeaiue ia
eiaeiiio c i?ioieia. Aeniei ?acoeueoaoe noi?iiaaiinoi
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue ia iaaeaaiai/iiio i?ioiei,
iniaeeai ia ii/aoeo aenia?eiaioo, a oiaei aea/aiiy ia?oeo aeenoeeieii
(aoai A) oa i?ioiaeaeaiiy ia?oeo iaaei?aeoee (aoai A) iiynith?ii
iayaiinoth aiaeiinii aeniei? aeoiaeii? iaaeaaia?/ii? iiaeaioiaee
aeioneieeia iaaeo/eeeu. Eiinoaoo?ii, ui caaaeueia oaiaeaioeiy
aeii?thaaiiy iieacieeia onio o?ueio e?eoa?i?a caa?iaa?oueny ia anio
i?ioieyo.

Ia a?aoieao i?inoaaeo?oueny iaaia caeaaeiinoue iiae aea/aiiyi
iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii i i?ioiaeaeaiiyi iaaei?aeoee. Oa?aeoa?ii, ui
aoaeoeaiinoue oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue ia ia?oie
iaaei?aeoeoei ( aoai A) aiaeiinii aoaeoeaiinoi oi?ioaaiiy icia/aieo
oiiiue i?e aea/aiii i?aaeiaoia (aoai A) caeeoa?oueny iaciiiiith /e
iaaioue cieaeo?oueny, i?e/iio iaaioue ia iaaeaaiai/iiio i?ioiei. Oaeee
noai iiynith?ii aaeaioaoei?th nooaeaioia aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi aei
iao?aaeeoe?eieo oiia i eieueeiniiai iaiiaiaiiy caaaeaiue, ye? i?eaaee
aei io?eiaiiy iiai? yeino?. Oaea aeoiea iiaeoaa?aeaeo?oueny aiaeiinii
aieueo ?iceei iiaeeiiii a?aoieia a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao ia
aiae?iceao A-N o ii?iaiyiii c eiio?ieueieie, ui iiaiinoth
ocaiaeaeo?oueny ?c caeiiii ?aeiinoi oai?i? oa i?aeoeee, i?eioeeiaie
nenoaiaoe/iinoi i iineiaeiaiinoi iaa/aiiy. I?ioean oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao ia
anio i?ioieyo iiaeaioiaee aiaeaoaaany aieueo aoaeoeaii, iiae o
eiio?ieueieo, ui naiae/eoue i?i iioeiaeueiinoue ?ic?iaeaii? iaie
iaoiaeeee.

Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy e io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a ie
i?eeoee aei oaeeo aeniiae?a:

1.Oai?aoe/iee aiae?c iieacaa, ui nioeiaeueii-aeiiiii/ii e iieioe/ii
ia?aoai?aiiy a Oe?a?i? noai?eee ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey anaa?/iiai ?
aa?iii?eiiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?, c?inee ?ioaeaeooaeuei? iiaeeeaino?
oeo, ooi iaa/a?oueny, i?aeaeueeeny aeiiae noni?euenoaa e naii?
iniaenoino? aei yeino? ina?oe. A?aeiia?aeii c?inee aeiiae aei nenoaie
aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe, yea iiaeiia caaacia/oaaoe i?aeaioiaeo
iaaeaaia?a, caeaoieo oni?oii ae??ooaaoe caaaeaiiy ia?aaoaeiae e
iiiaeaiiy an??? nenoaie iaia?a?aii? ina?oe, cie?aia caaaeueii?
na?aaeiuei?, yea caeeaaea? iniiae ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?. ?acii c oei,
aiae?c iieacaa ? oa, ui ?nioth/? a nenoai? aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe
oeie, i?aai?caoe?ei? oi?ie, iaoiaee iaa/aiiy ia caaaeaee iiaeooue ia
aeinoaoiueiio ??ai? ?ica’ycaoe caaaeaiiy i?aeaioiaee iaaeaaia?a c iiaei
ieneaiiyi, ye? iiaeooue cae?enithaaoe naiino?eio,
aeine?aeieoeueei-oai?/o ae?yeuei?noue, ui ?aae?coaaoeia o/i?anueeee
?ioaeaeo, yeee iino?eii c?inoa?. Aoaeoeaiei oeyoii ?ica’ycaiiy icia/aii?
noia?a/iino? ? ia?ao?ae aei iiaeo, aoaeoeai?oeo oaoiieia?e iaa/aiiy, ui
aeaiaeeoeiooue iaa/aeueiee i?ioean aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee ia
iaa/aeueii-aeine?aeieoeueeee ??aaiue, yeee ni?eyoeia oi?ioaaiith o
nooaeaio?a aeueo ??ai?a aioiaiino? aei aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ii?
ae?yeueiino? ?, ia?o ca ana, oi?ioaaiith a ieo
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue.

2.Aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ia ae?yeuei?noue – oea ocaiaeaeaia ?c
caeiiii??iinoyie i?ioeano i?ciaiiy naiino?eia iiooeiai-oai?/a
ae?yeuei?noue iaaeaaiaa a no?oeoo?? eiai iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino?, yea
cae?enith?oueny c aeei?enoaiiyi niaoe?aeueieo (a?aeiinii iaoiae?a
iaa/aiiy) iaoiae?a iaaeaaia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy e ni?yiiaaia ia
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? an?o eiiiiiaio?a iaaeaaia?/ii? ae?yeueiino?.
No?oeoo?ii-eiai/iee aiaeic icia/aii? aeiyeueiinoi, aeicaiey?
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui aiia aieeaa? ia aoaeoeai?noue onio eiiiiiaioia
iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi ? ? aecia/aeueiith a oiiaao ?icaeoeo
iaaeaaiai/iiai i?ioeano. Iniiaiith oiiaith ?? aoaeoeaiinoi ?icaeyaea?ii
noi?iiaaiinoue aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia.

3.Iiae aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieie oiiiiyie ?icoii?ii aieiaeiiiy
nenoaiith niaoeiaeueieo ciaiue i iaae/ie canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeia
iaaeaaiai/iiai aeineiaeaeaiiy aeey aeeiiaiiy aeineiaeieoeueeeo aeie o
i?ioeani iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi c iaoith aeinyaiaiiy aeueo ?iaiia
iaaeaaiai/ii? iaenoa?iinoi. Aeineiaeaeaiiy aeicaieeei aeaeieeoe – e?ii
ioeueiaiai – ye ii/aoeo aiaeeieo oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue – ua /ioe?e ?iaii ?o
noi?iiaaiinoi: aeiaiaoe/iee, eiiithaaeueiee,
iaa/aeueii-aeineiaeieoeueeee, aeineiaeieoeueeee. Aiaeii/an
noi?iiaaiinoue aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue ia eiaeiiio ?iaii
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aiaeiiaiaeiith iioeaaoeieiith ni?yiiaaiinoth,
iioaeaeooaeueieie iieacieeaie ? i?aeoe/iith aioiaiinoth aei
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ii? aeiyeueiinoi ia a?aeiia?aeiiio ?iaii.

4. ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai iaaeaaiai/iiai aenia?eiaioo cana?ae/eee:

– ca aniia aenoiooeie iniiaieie e?eoa?iyie (noi?iiaaiinoue
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue; ?iaaiue noi?iiaaiinoi;
iaaeieiinoue noi?iiaaiinoi ia aeueo ?iaiyo) oa aeiiii?aeieie e?eoa??yie
(na?aaeiie aae; yeinoue iaa/aiiy; iiaeaen iiaeeaiaeoaeueii? aoaeoeaiinoi
iaa/aiiy) iieacieee aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi aeyaeeenue aeueie aiaeiinii
eiio?ieueieo. Oea ia?aeiio?, ui aenoiooa iaie aiiioaca i?i oa, ui
aoaeoeai?noue oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue
nooaeaio?a i?aeaeueoueny, yeui cae?enithaaoeiaoueny a eiiieaen? c
aea/aiiyi aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai oeeeeo ca oiiae iiaeoeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, i?iiecaii? ??cii??aiaaei ?aeoeiaiaei
eiio?ieai – aeiaaaeaia;

– aenia?eiaio iieacaa aeinoaoiuei noieeo caeaaeiinoue aoaeoeaiinoi
iaaeaaiai/ii? i?aeoeee aiae iieacieeia oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue i?e aea/aiii iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii. Oea naiae/eoue i?i caaacia/aiiy oeieiniinoi e i?aeaeuaiiy
iioeiaeueiinoi iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a oiiaao, ui ia?aaeaa/ai? a
cai?iiiiiaaieo aaoi?ii iaoiaeeeao. Aeineiaeaeaiiy aeiaaei, ui iniiaieie
niiioeaeueieie iioeaaie aei oai?/iai ae?ioaiiy caaaeaiue ia
aeineiaeieoeueeeo i oai?/eo ?iaiyo oi?iaeiaae i?aeoee aoee: ?iaaiue
noi?iiaaiinoi a nooaeaioia aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiiiue ca
oiiae iiaeoeueii? i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy niaoeiaeueieo aeenoeeieii o
aoci; ni?yiiaaiinoue iniaenoinoi ia aeineiaeieoeueeo aeiyeueiinoue;
iio?aaa a naiinoieiiio iiooeo oeyo?a aieueo iioeiaeueieo ?ioaiue
i?ioanieieo caaaeaiue i ?ica’ycaiiy i?ioe?i/, ui aeieeaee; i?aaiaiiy aei
naiinoieiiai iiooeo iiaiai, oai?/inoi; cioeiaiiy c i?iaeaiith,
iiaeeeainoue i aiaaiaiinoue o ?? ae?ioaiii;

– iiaeiaiinoue iieacieeia noi?iiaaiinoi aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue nooaeaio?a ?icieo i?ioie?a iiaeaioiaee naiae/eoue i?i oa, ui
aecia/aeueiei oaeoi?ii oi?ioaaiiy oeeo oi?iue ? ia iniaeeainoi i?ioieia
iaa/aiiy, a oiiae, yei noai?th? aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea. Io?eiaiiy
aiaeiai/ieo ?acoeueoaoia oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue nooaeaioia a iioeo, iaiaaeaaiai/ieo aocao, aea? i?aenoaae
ia?aaeaa/aoe oiiaa?naeueiinoue aeaii? iaoiaeeee.

5.Aeiaaaeaii, ui iniiaiith oiiaith aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaioia ? aenia?eiaioaeueia
iiaeoeueia i?aaiicaoeiy iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, yea caaacia/eea
?aaeicaoeith ianooiieo oiia:

– eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaeo aei oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue o i?ioeani iiaeoeueii? i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii, ui caaacia/ea neioac ciinoo e aeineiaeieoeueei-iiooeiai?
aeiyeueiinoi nooaeaioia;

– ?icaeyaeo aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi ia ye
naiioeiei, a ye iniiaii? neeaaeiai? iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi, ui
aecia/a? ?? aoaeoeaiinoue, a – noi?iiaaiinoi
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue ye oaei?, ui aieeaa? ia ?iaaiue
noi?iiaaiinoi caaaeueiiiaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue e iaoiiaeth? aoaeoeaiinoue
oni?? iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy ?iaiia noi?iiaaiinoi aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue, ui aeeth/athoue iniiaii iioaa?aoeaii yeinoi: ni?yiiaaiinoue
iniaenoinoi ia aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/io aeiyeueiinoue, niaoeiaeueii
ciaiiy e aieiaeiiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieie oiiiiyie a
no?oeoo?i iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi;

– i?i?ioaoei? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaaeaia?oiao
ia iiaeaeue iaeaooiuei? oai?/i? aeiyeueiinoi aeioneieea oa ?ic?iaea ia
oeie iniiai nenoaie i?ioanieii-i?i?ioiaaieo iaaeaaiai/ieo caaea/ i
caaaeaiue;

– ?ic?iaee e canoinoaaiiy o?ueio aeaeia iiaeoeueii-oi?ioth/eo i?ia?ai,
yei a?aoiaothoue iniaeeainoi i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy eiie?aoieo
iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii, aeicaieythoue o 2-3 ?ace ?icoe?eoe niaeo?
oi?i i iaoiaeia iaa/aiiy e o/iiiy oa iiaeaeueoe ?o aaeiaeiinoue, nooo?ai
iiceoeaii aieeaathoue ia iioaeaeooaeueio aeoeaiinoue nooaeaio?a;

– neeaaeaiiy i?e aeei?enoaii? iaoiaeo aiaeiaie ia?aeieo
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue nooaeaio?a ye iaoe iaa/aiiy;

– aeei?enoaiiy a i?ioeani iaaeaaiai/ieo i?aeoee niaoeiaeueii ?ic?iaeaieo
oai?/eo caaea/-caaaeaiue, yei cia/ii noeioeththoue
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/io aeiyeueiinoue oi?iaeiaae i?iaaaeaiiy
o?ieia i ni?eythoue oi?ioaaiith ni?yiiaaiinoi iniaenoinoi nooaeaio?a ia
ia?, aieeaathoue ia iiyao iio?aae naiinoieiiai iiooeo iioeiaeueieo
?ioaiue iaa/aeueieo caaaeaiue, i?ioe?i/, ui aeieeathoue o iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioeani;

– ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaii? nenoaie e?eoa?i?a aeii?thaaiiy e
ioeiithaaiiy aoaeoeaiinoi oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue /a?ac iieacieee, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue yeinoue
i?ioanieii-iaaeaaiai/ii? iiaeaioiaee nooaeaioia;

– ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a oaoiieiaith iiaeoeueiiai iaa/aiiy nenoaie
?icii?iaiaaiai ?aeoeiaiaiai eiio?ieth, yeee o 4-5 ?ac?a, ii??aiyii c
o?aaeeoeieiei iaa/aiiyi, noeioeth? naiinoieio oai?/o aeiyeueiinoue
nooaeaioia, ? aieueoa, iiae o 6 ?acia, iie?ioo? oiiae aeey i?iyao a ieo
iaa/aeueii? iiioeiaoeae;

– aeiaaaeaiiy aei nooaeaio?a iiaeoeueieo i?ia?ai ia ii/aoeo aea/aiiy
eiaeii? aeenoeeieiie, onaiaeiieaiiy eiaeiei ic nooaeaioia oa?aeoa?o
nai?? iaa/aeueii? aeiyeueiinoi, nenoaie aeii?thaaiiy e ioeiithaaiiy ??
aoaeoeaiinoi, ? caaaeyee oeueiio caaacia/aiiy eiai aeoeaiiai aeeth/aiiy
a i?ioean iaa/aiiy;

6.Ia iniiai i?iaaaeaiiai aeineiaeaeaiiy ia niaoe?aeueiinoyo, ye?
aioothoue a/eoae?a ? aeeeaaea/?a, aaaaea?ii ca aeioeieueia:

– ?ic?iaeoe ? ai?iaaaeeoe aaeaioiaai? aei eiie?aoieo ina?oi?o caaaeaiue
iiaeoeuei? oaoiieia?? iine?aeiaiiai aea/aiiy aeenoeeie?i iaaeaaia?/iiai
oeeeeo ? i?iaaaeaiiy iaaei?aeoee, o yeeo aeio?eioaaeenue ae
cai?iiiiiaai? oiiae aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a;

– o ci?no? iaa/aeueieo ieai?a ca ?aooiie /ano, a?aeaaaeaiiai ia oeeee
aea??eiaeo i?ioan?eii-i???ioiaaieo aeenoeeie?i, aeeth/eoe niaoeeo?ne:
“Iniiae iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue o iaaeaaia?oe?”; “Iiaeoeueia
i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano”.

I?iaaaeaia aeineiaeaeaiiy ia ae/a?iaei anio i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo oiiiue. A oiiaao ia?aaoaeiae nenoaie
iaia?a?aii? inaioe a Oe?a?ii ia iaio aino?i, iiae oaeineiiaeaiiy
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano a iaaeaocao, iinoa? ieoaiiy i?i i?aeaeuaiiy
eaae?o?eaoe?? ? ia?aiiaeaioiaeo iayaiiai iaaeaaiai/iiai neeaaeo aei
iiaeo oiia iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi. A oea aeeeeea? ie?aiee iaoeiaee
i i?aeoe/iee iioa?an aei oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueei-iaaeaaiai/ieo
oiiiue o nenoaii iineyaeeieiiii? inaioe.

Iniiaii iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoei? aiaeia?aaeaii a oaeeo ioaeieaoeiyo:

1. Nooaiei A.A., Iaiioeaae/ Ae.I., Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Iiaeoeueia
oaoiieiaiy aea/aiiy eo?no “Iniiae iaoeiaeo aeineiaeaeaiue o
iaaeaaiaioei” / Iaa/aeueii-iaoiaee/iee iiniaiee. –
*a?iiaoei:?ooa,1997.-50 n.(anueiai –2,8 ae.a.; aao.- 2 ae.a.)

2. Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Aeine?aeieoeueea ae?yeuei?noue nooaeaio?a o
i?ioean? aea/aiiy iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i / Iaoeiaee a?niee
*a?i?aaoeueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo: Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. Aei. 37:
Iaaeaaia?ea oa ineoieia?y. – *a?i?aoe?: *AeO, 1998. – N.66-74 (anueiai –
0,5 ae.a.)

3. Ieoeianueea O. Iiaeaeue oi?aaeiiiy oi?ioaaiiyi aeineiaeieoeueeeo
oiiiue iaeaooiio a/eoaeia // Ainiee Oe?a?inueei? Aeaaeaii? aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aaeiiiy i?e I?aceaeaioiai Oe?a?ie. – 1997. – ? 3-4. – N. 184-187.
(anueiai – 0,2 ae.a.)

4. Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueeeo oiiiue nooaeaioia i?e
iiaeoeueiie i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii // Iiai
iioi?iaoeieii oaoiieiai? iaa/aiiy a o/aiaeo caeeaaeao Oe?a?ie: Cai?iee
noaoae. – Iaeana, 1997. – *. 1. – N. 273-276. (anueiai – 0,17 ae.a.)

5. Ieoeianueea O.Ae., Nooaiei A.A. Iiaeaioiaea iaeaooiio o/eoaeia aei
?icaeoeo oai?/eo caeiaiinoae iieiaeoeo oeiey?ia // Iaoa?iaee O?aoio
Einotheianueeeo /eoaiue “No/ania ineoieiaiy a oeiiiiniiio aeii?i”. – E.,
1994. – O. 1. – N. 293-294 (anueiai – 0,11 ae.a.;aao. – 0,07 ae.a.)

6. Ieoeianueea O.Ae., Nooaiei A.A. Ocaiaeaeaiiy iaa/ath/i? i
eiio?iethth/i? aeiyeueiinoi ye oiiaa ae?ioaiiy eiioeieoo a nenoaii
“aeeeaaea/-nooaeaio” // Iaoa?iaee O?aouei? Iiaeia?iaeii?
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioei? “Eiioeieoe a noniieuenoai: aeiaaiinoeea
i i?ioieaeoeea”. – Ee?a-*a?iiaoei, 1995. – N. 349-353 (anueiai – 0,3
ae.a.;aao. – 0,25 ae.a.)

7. Ae?en??iei O.A., Ieoeianueea O.Ae., Nooaiei A.A. Eiiieaeniee iiaeoiae
aei iiaeoeueii-aei/ii? i?aaiicaoei? i?ioanieii? inaioe // I?iaeaie
inaioe: Iaoeiai-iaoiaee/iee cai?iee. – Aei. 2. – E., 1995. – N. 9-16
(anueiai – 0,42 ae.a.;aao. – 0,25 ae.a.)

8. Ieoeianueea O.Ae. A?aooaaiiy ?aaiiiaeueii-iaoeiiiaeueieo iniaeeainoae
i?e iiaeaioiaoei a/eoaey aei aeineiaeieoeueei? iaaeaaiai/ii?
aeiyeueiinoi // Iaoa?iaee Iiaeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioei?
“Aeaiia?aoi/ia neooaoeiy a Ea?iaonueeiio ?aaiiii: ?aaeueiinoue,
i?iaeaie, i?iaiice ia OOI noieiooy”. – *a?iiaoei-Ee?a, 1996. – N.
374-379 (anueiai – 0,25 ae.a.)

9. ??aioe I.I., Ieoeianueea O.Ae., Ieoaeethe E.I., Ao/eianueea A.A.
Aea/aiiy aoaeoeaiinoi ae?ioaiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo caaea/ ye aeoeaiiai
iaoiaeo iaa/aiiy nooaeaioia // Iaoa??aee I?aeia?iaeii?
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Nenoaia iaia?a?aii? ina?oe: caeiaooee,
iiooee, i?iaeaie” o 6-oe ei. – *a?i?aoe?, 1996. – *.5. – N. 39-41
(anueiai – 0,17 ae.a.; aao. – 0,1 ae.a.)

10. Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Iiaeoeueia i?aaiicaoeiy iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano ye
oiiaa aeoeaicaoei? iiciaaaeueii? aeiyeueiinoi i?e aea/aiii iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii // Oai aea. – N. 117-119 (anueiai – 0,19 ae.a.)

11. Ae?en??iei O.A., Ieoeianueea O.Ae., Nooaiei A.A. I?i eiiieaeniee
iiaeoiae aei i?aaiicaoei? iiaeoeueii – ?icaeaath/iai iaa/aiiy //Oai
aea.-N.17-19 (anueiai – 0,13 ae.a.; aao. – 0,05 ae.a.)

12. Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Iiaeoeueia i?aaiicaoeiy aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo
aeenoeeieii ye iaoaiici oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueeeo oiiiue o nooaeaioia
iaaeaocia // Iaoa?iaee i’yoi? Iiaeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii?
eiioa?aioei? “Aoiiiaoeiiiaeueiee ?icaeoie a Oe?a?ii oa noai oe?a?inueei?
aoii/iinoi a aeianii?i: nooiinoue, ?aaei? eiioeieoiinoi, i?iaeaie oa
i?iaiice ia ii?ici OOI no.” – Ee?a-*a?iiaoei, 1997. – *. I. – N.
175-180 (anueiai – 0,36 ae.a.)

13. Naa?eaea A., Nooaiei A., Ieoeianueea O. Oi?ioaaiiy
aeineiaeieoeueeeo oiiiue nooaeaioia i?e iiaeoeueiie i?aaiicaoei?
aea/aiiy niaoeiaeueieo aeenoeeieii // Iaoa?iaee Anaoe?a?inueei?
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ii? eiioa?aioei? “Aieea iaoeiaeo aeineiaeaeaiue ia
iiaeaeuaiiy yeinoi iiaeaioiaee oaoiaoeia”. – Iaaii-O?aieianuee, 1998. –
N. 9-11 (anueiai- 0,12 ae.a.; aao. – 0,08 ae.a.)

14. Ieoeianueea O. Nooue oa no?oeoo?a aeineiaeieoeueei? aeiyeueiinoi
nooaeaioa a i?ioeani aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii // Iaoa?iaee
Iiaeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioei? “Iiaeaioiaea iaaeaaiai/ieo
eaae?ia i aeiyeueiinoue iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeia iiaiai oeio a nenoaii
iaoeiiiaeueii? inaioe: aeinaiae i ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo”. – *a?iiaoei:
?ooa, 1998. – *. 1. – N. 31-39 (anueiai – 0,32 ae.a.)

15. Nooaiei A.A., Aoceinueea A.I., Eaeiooeueea ?.I., Ieoeianueea O.Ae.
Iaaeaaiai/ia i?aeoeea ye caaa?oaeueiee aeaiaio iiaeoeueiiai aea/aiiy
iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii // Oai aea.-N.145-152 (anueiai–0,28
ae.a.;aao.- 0,18 ae.a.)

16. Nooaiei A.A., Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Oanoiaee eiio?ieue i?e iiaeoeueiie
i?aaiicaoei? aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii // Iaoa?iaee iaeanii?
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioei? “Iiaeeaiaeoaeueiee iiaeoiae aei
iniaenoinoi aeeoeie aeioeieueiiai oa iieiaeoiai oeieueiiai aieo a
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioeani”. – *a?iiaoei: I?oo, 1998. – N. 89-92
(anueiai – 0,18 ae.a.; aao. – 0,1 ae.a.)

17. Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Oiiae oi?ioaaiiy aeineiaeieoeueeeo oiiiue
nooaeaioia iiae /an aea/aiiy iaaeaaiai/ieo aeenoeeieii // Iaoa?iaee
Iiaeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioei? “Aoiaiioa?ia inaioa:
oaeoi? naioiai? iioaa?aoei?”. – *a?iiaoei, 1998. – *. 3. – N. 146-152
(anueiai – 0,4 ae.a.)

18. Ieoeianueea O.Ae., ??aioe I.I. Aiaeic ?iaiy aioiaiinoi a/eoaeia aei
aeineiaeieoeueei? iaaeaaiai/ii? aeiyeueiinoi // Iaoa?iaee Iiaeia?iaeii?
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioei? “Nenoaia iaia?aaii? inaioe: caeiaooee,
iiooee, i?iaeaie”. – *a?iiaoei, 1996.-*. 4.-N. 66-70 (anueiai – 0,24
ae.a.; aao.-0,15 ae.a.)

19. Oiai A.E., Iuoeianeay O.Ae. Eiiieaeniue iiaeoiae e oi?ie?iaaieth
eneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee nooaeaioia i?e iiaeoeueiie
i?aaiecaoeee eco/aiey iaaeaaiae/aneeo aeenoeeieei e iaaei?aeoee.
//Iaoa?eaeu Ana?inneeneie eiioa?aioeee “?aoi?ia ia?aciaaiey e naeueneay
oeiea”, I?ae, 20-22 iay 1998.- N.97-99 (anueiai – 0,17 ae.a.; aao.-0,1
ae.a.)

Aiioaoe?y

Ieoeianueea O.Ae. Oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue
nooaeaio?a a oiiaao iiaeoeueii? i?aai?caoe?? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy. –
?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee.
Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Aieiaeeie?a
Aiaothea, Oa?iii?eue, 1999.

O aeena?oaoe?? ia iniia? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/iiai aiae?co
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee Oe?a?ie, iaa?oioiaaia
iaiao?aei?noue eiai oaeineiiaeaiiy, ioa?aeoa?eciaaia iaaeaaia?/ia
ae?yeuei?noue ye iiaeaeue iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano iaaeaaia?/ieo aoc?a.

?ice?eoa nooi?noue iiiyoue “aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ia
ae?yeuei?noue”, “aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/i? oi?iiy”, oai?aoe/ii
iaa?oioiaaii iiaeoeueio i?aai?caoe?th iaa/aiiy ye oiiao aoaeoeaiino?
oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a.

?ic?iaeaia, iaa?oioiaaia oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iaiaaia iaoiaeeea
oi?ioaaiiy aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a, i?iaaaeaiee
aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iaa?oioiaai? oiiae aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ieo oi?iue nooaeaio?a, c?iaeai? aeniiaee ?
?ic?iaeai? i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: iaa/aeueiee i?ioean, iaaeaaia?/ia ae?yeuei?noue,
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/ia ae?yeuei?noue,
aeine?aeieoeueei-iaaeaaia?/i? oi?iiy nooaeaio?a, oi?ioaaiiy, iiaeoeue,
iiaeoeueia i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, ?aeoeiaiaee eiio?ieue.

Aiiioaoeey

Iuoeianeay O.Ae. Oi?ie?iaaiea enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee
nooaeaioia a oneiaeyo iiaeoeueiie i?aaiecaoeee i?ioeanna iao/aiey. –
?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee.
Oa?iiiieueneee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
Aieaaeeie?a Aiaothea, Oa?iiiieue, 1999.

A aeena?oaoeee ?ane?uoa i?iaeaia oi?ie?iaaiey
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee nooaeaioia a eiiieaena n
eco/aieai aeenoeeieei iaaeaaiae/aneiai oeeeea; auyaeaiu e
yenia?eiaioaeueii iainiiaaiu iaaeaaiae/aneea oneiaey eo yooaeoeaiiai
oi?ie?iaaiey i?e iiaeoeueiie i?aaiecaoeee o/aaiiai i?ioeanna. ?aaioa
ninoieo ec anooieaiey, o?ao ?acaeaeia, auaiaeia e eaaeaeiio ?acaeaeo,
iaueo auaiaeia, nienea eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia e i?eeiaeaiee. Ai
anooieaiee iainiiaaia aeooaeueiinoue i?iaeaiu, ii?aaeaeaiu iauaeo,
i?aaeiao, oeaeue, aeiioaca, caaea/e e iaoiaeu enneaaeiaaiey. ?ane?uou
iao/iay iiaecia, ee/iue aeeaae aeenna?oaioa, i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea, iooe
ai?iaaoeee e aiaae?aiey iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia.

A ia?aii ?acaeaea “Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneee aiaeec o/aaiiai i?ioeanna
aunoae iaaeaaiae/aneie oeieu Oe?aeiu” inouanoaeai aiaeec iao/iie e
iaoiaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?u, nia?aiaiiiai ninoiyiey o/aaiiai i?ioeanna a
aunoae iaaeaaiae/aneie oeiea; ane?uoi iaaeaaiae/aneia i?ioeai?a/ea e
iainiiaaia aeooaeueiinoue enneaaeoaiie i?iaeaiu.

A ?acoeueoaoa ananoi?iiiaai aiaeeca no?oeoo?u iaaeaaiae/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe auaeaeaii ii?aaeaeythuei eiiiiiaioii a? yooaeoeaiinoe
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, iniiaie eioi?ie
yaeythony enneaaeiaaoaeueneea iaaeaaiae/aneea oiaiey.

Ai aoi?ii ?acaeaea “Iiaeoeueiay i?aaiecaoeey i?ioeanna iao/aiey eae
oneiaea oi?ie?iaaiey enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee
nooaeaioia” ?anniio?aia e iainiiaaia, a niioaaonoaee n caaea/aie
enneaaeiaaiey, nouiinoue iiiyoee “enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneay
aeayoaeueiinoue”, “enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneea oiaiey”,
ii?aaeaeaiu iniiaiua i?aaeiinueee oi?ie?iaaiey auoaiacaaiiuo oiaiee a
oiaea o/aaiiai i?ioeanna a iaaeaaiae/aneii aoca.

N oeaeueth nicaeaiey iao/iie aacu yenia?eiaioaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey
i?iaiaeece?iaaiu iaoiaeieiae/aneea iniiau e i?aeoeea aiaae?aiey
iiaeoeueiiai iao/aiey, ioa?aeoa?ece?iaaiu nouanoaothuea iiaeoiaeu e
?ac?aaioea iiaeoeueiuo i?ia?aii e iiaeoeae (aia?eeaineee, iaiaoeeee,
eeoianeee, ?onneee, oe?aeineee). I?iaaaeaiiue aiaeec iicaieee naeaeaoue
i?aaeiieiaeaiea i aiciiaeiinoyo oniaoiiai oi?ie?iaaiey
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee nooaeaioia a oneiaeyo
iiaeoeueiie i?aaiecaoeee eco/aiey iaaeaaiae/aneeo aeenoeeieei.

A o?aoueai ?acaeaea “Yenia?eiaioaeueiia enneaaeiaaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
oi?ie?iaaiey enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee nooaeaioia a
oneiaeyo iiaeoeueiie i?aaiecaoeee i?ioeanna iao/aiey”, a niioaaonoaee n
oeaeueth e aeiioacie enneaaeiaaiey, ?ac?aaioai e iainiiaai eiaa?eaio
yenia?eiaioaeueiie iiaeoeueiie oaoiieiaee iao/aiey, eioi?ue iicaieee, a
?aieao yenia?eiaioa, o/anoue oa?aeoa? e oneiaey oi?ie?iaaiey
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee i?e eco/aiee ?acee/iuo
iaaeaaiae/aneeo aeenoeeieei. Yenia?eiaioaeueiay iiaeoeueiay oaoiieiaey
aeeth/aea: oeaeaaoth i?ia?aiio aeayoaeueiinoe, iiaeoee, auaiae-?acthia.

Iienai iaaeaaiae/aneee yenia?eiaio e inouanoaeai aiaeec iieo/aiiuo
?acoeueoaoia naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo, /oi ii anai auaeaeiooui e?eoa?eyi
(noi?ie?iaaiiinoue enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee, o?iaaiue
noi?ie?iaaiiinoe, iaaeaaeiinoue noi?ie?iaaiiinoe yoeo oiaiee ia aunoeo
o?iaiyo, n?aaeiee aaee, ea/anoai iao/aiey, eiaeaen eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie
yooaeoeaiioe iao/aiey) iieacaoaee yenia?eiaioaeueiuo a?oii nooaeaioia
ieacaeenue auoa eiio?ieueiuo.

Iainiiaaiu oneiaey niinianoaothuea yooaeoeaiiio oi?ie?iaaieth
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oiaiee nooaeaioia a i?ioeanna
iiaeoeueiie i?aaiecaoeee eco/aiey iaaeaaiae/aneeo aeenoeeieei.

A auaiaeao iaiauaiu ?acoeueoaou aeenna?oaoeeiiiiai enneaaeiaaiey,
i?aaeeiaeaiu i?aeoe/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, iieacaiu ia?niaeoeau
aeaeueiaeoaai enneaaeiaaiey.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: o/aaiue i?ioeann, iaaeaaiae/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue,
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue,
enneaaeiaaoaeuenei-iaaeaaiae/aneea oiaiey nooaeaioia, oi?ie?iaaiea,
iiaeoeue, iiaeoeueiay i?aaiecaoeey o/aaiiai i?ioeanna, ?aeoeiaiaue
eiio?ieue.

Annotation

Myshkovska T.D. Formation of research-pedagogical skills of the students
in conditions of modular organization of process of
training.-Manuscript.

Thesis is presented to compete the scientific degree of the candidate of
pedagogical sciences speciality 13.00.04 – Professional Pedagogics.
Ternopol state university named after V.Gnatyk, Ternopol, 1999.

The thesis based on theory-methodological analysis of educational
process of higher pedagogical school of Ukraine, the necessity of his
improvement is substantiated, the pedagogical activity as model of
educational process of pedagogical higher educational institutions is
characterized.

The essence of concepts “research-pedagogical activity”,
“research-pedagogical skills” is discovered, modular organization of
training as a condition of efficiency formation of research-pedagogical
skills of the students theoretically has been defined.

The technique of formation of research-pedagogical skills of the
students is defined, developed and experimentally is conducted, the
analysis of the received results is carried out. The conditions of
effective formation of research-pedagogical skills of the students have
analyzed, the conclusions are made and the practical recommendations are
developed.

Key words: educational process, pedagogical activity,
research-pedagogical activity, research -pedagogical skills of the
students, formation, modular organization of educational process, rate
control, module.

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter

Похожие документы
Обсуждение

Ответить

Курсовые, Дипломы, Рефераты на заказ в кратчайшие сроки
Заказать реферат!
UkrReferat.com. Всі права захищені. 2000-2020