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Формування доходів населення в умовах ринкової трансформації економіки інверсійного типу: Автореф. дис… д-ра екон. наук / С.В. Тютюнникова, Харк. де

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OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO

OTHOTHIIEEIAA Na?oeaia Aieiaeeie??aia

OAeE 330.564.2

OI?IOAAIIss AeIOIAe?A IANAEAIIss

A OIIAAO ?EIEIAI? O?AINOI?IAOe?? AEIIII?EE ?IAA?N?EIIAI OEIO

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.01.01 – aeiiii?/ia oai??y

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Oa?e?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
A?eoeaiei
Aiae??e Aiae??eiae/, Aa?oiaia ?aaea Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ Nae?aoa??aoo
Eii?oaoo Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie c ieoaiue o?iain?a oa aaie?anueei?
ae?yeueiino?, i.Ee?a

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Ao?aa?/ia Ia?en Ieoaeeiae/, Oa?e?anueeee
aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e caaaeueii? aeiiii?/ii? oai???, i.Oa?e?a

aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Oa?anaiei Aaeeia Aeai’yi?aia,
Aeiiaoeueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e aeiiii?/ii?
oai???, i.Aeiiaoeuee

aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Oaa/aiei Ethaeieea Noaiai?aia,
Iaoe?iiaeueia th?eaee/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie ?i. ss.Ioae?iai, i?ioani?
eaoaae?e aeiiii?/ii? oai???, i.Oa?e?a

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a aeiiii?/ii? oai???, i.Aeiiaoeuee.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 1 aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 15.15 ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.051.01 Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 310077, i.Oa?e?a, i. Naiaiaee, 4, aoae. 5-67.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a Oeaio?aeuei?e iaoeia?e
a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith:
310077, i.Oa?e?a, i. Naiaiaee, 8 iiaa?o, Oeaio?aeueia iaoeiaa
a?ae?ioaea.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 31 na?iiy 1999 ?.

A.i. a/aiiai nae?aoa?y

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee A.A.Caaei?iaeiee

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe??. I?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a?aeiineoueny aei
/enea iaea?eueo aeooaeueieo oa iaea?eueo aino?eo i?iaeai aeiiii?/ii?
iaoee ? ainiiaea?nueei? i?aeoeee. ?acii c oei aiia ? iaaeinoaoiuei
?ic?iaeaiith o a?o/eciyi?e iaooe?.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe?? aecia/a?oueny ia?o ca ana ?yaeii
iniiaieo i?e/ei. Ii-ia?oa, ye?ni? ia?ai?ie nenoaie noni?eueieo a?aeiinei
a i?ioean? ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?ee coiiaeththoue aeeaeii? oa
ianooaai? ci?ie an??? nenoaie ?iciiae?eue/eo a?aeiinei ? oi?ioaaiiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy. A iniiao inoaiiueiai iiaeiia aooe iieeaaeaia
oaeoi?ia iiaeaeue noai?aiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy ia a?aei?io a?ae
aei?noei ?aaeaiaioiaaiiai oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy nenoaie
aeioiae?a, yea aoei oa?aeoa?ia aeey aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeii? nenoaie.

Ii-ae?oaa, a oiiaao aeeaiei? ? nenoaiii? aeiiii?/ii? e?ece iaea?eueo
nooo?aiio ceiio aoee i?aeaa?aeai? o?oaeia? ?ano?ne ? ye?noue ianaeaiiy,
/anoi c iacai?ioieie i?ioeanaie o aeae? nei?i/aiiy na?aaeiuei?
o?eaaeino? aeeooy ianaeaiiy, ciaioaiiy eiai /enaeueiino?, iia??oaiiy
oa?/oaaiiy, aeaa?aaeaoe?? o?oaeiaiai iioaioe?aeo. Oaea neooaoe?y
na?ae/eoue i?i aeeaieo e?eco iie?oeee aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy ?
iaiao?aei?noue na?eiciiai oai?aoe/iiai inieneaiiy oi?ioaaiiy oaei?
iie?oeee, yea a a?aeiia?aeaea iinoaaeaiiio caaaeaiith iiaoaeiae
nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaii? ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee.

Ii-o?ao?, ye na?ae/eoue na?oiaee aeina?ae, ??aaiue ?icaeoeo e?a?ie
ciaoiaeeoueny a i?yi?e caeaaeiino? a?ae ethaenueeiai eai?oaeo, a?ae
aeeaaeaiue a ?icaeoie nioe?aeueii? noa?e, oiaoi a?ae iie?oeee aea?aeaae
a iaeano? aeioiae?a. Aea?aeaaa, yea caaoaa? i?i oea, ia ia?
iaeaooiueiai. Neooaoe?y, ui neeaeany a Oe?a?i?, iio?aao? ci?ie
i??i?eoao?a ?aoi?ioaaiiy, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny no/anieie na?oiaeie
oaiaeaioe?yie ?icaeoeo. I??i?eoaoe nioe?aeueiiai oa?aeoa?a a e?ecia?e
neooaoe?? ia?aaeaa/athoue ii?aeiaiiy niinia?a ae??oaiiy aino?eo, /anii
aieth/eo no/anieo i?iaeai c ia?niaeoeaaie iaeaooiueiai. Oe? i??i?eoaoe
iiaeooue aooe ?ic?iaeai? ? cai?iaaaeaeai? a i?aeoeeo eeoa /a?ac
nioe?aeueii aea??aio aeoeaio oaeoi?io nenoaio aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy.

Neooaoe?y, ui neeaeany a noa?? aeioiae?a, i?ae?eaa? nioe?aeueio aaco
?aoi?i, oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iaeiie/aiiyi nioe?aeueii? iai?oae, ?icaeoeii
iaaaoeaieo nioe?aeueieo no?aoaa?e iiaaae?iee ethaeae – nioe?aeueiei
oo?eiaiiyi, ia?aceoeciii, nioe?aeueiith i?i?e???th. Oea cia/eoue, ui
iac??ea iio?aaa a oi?ioaaii? iiai? iiaeae? ?aoi?ioaaiiy. A i?e iiaeiai
ciaeoe a?aeia?aaeaiiy iiaee nioe?aeueiee i?aeo?ae, iie?oe/ia
aeaeaeici?e?noue ? no?aoaa?/ia ieneaiiy. Ia ii?ic? iiaiai oeny/ie?ooy
ne?ae c?icoi?oe, ui i?iaeaia i?ioenoaaeaiiy aeiiii?/ii? ? nioe?aeueii?
aoaeoeaiino? – oea ?acoeueoao ? i?aeo?ae a/i?aoiueiai aeiy. Noai?aoei
ieneaiiy “Nueiaiaei? i?ae?eiaii aeiiii?eo, a caao?a aoaeaii ae??ooaaoe
nioe?aeuei? i?iaeaie”, yeee ai?iaaaeaeo?oueny a ianiao na?aeii?noue, ?
caa?iceeaei.

?aoi?ioaaiiy, yea i?iaiaeeoueny ca?ac, ciaoiaeeoueny i?ae cia/iei
aieeaii ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a, i?aeia?iaeieo o?iainiaeo i?aai?caoe?e, ia?o
ca ana I?aeia?iaeiiai Aaethoiiai Oiiaeo ? I?aeia?iaeiiai aaiea. Aeey
oaeeo ?aoi?i oa?aeoa?ia i???ioaoe?y ia nueiaiaeaii? caaaeaiiy, eiee a
iniia? eaaeeoue “eaoaiiy ae??ie” /a?ac uii?ny/i? /e uieaa?oaeuei?
ei?aeoe?iaee ?ici???a o?iainiai? i?aeo?eiee. Oaea nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia
iie?oeea iaei?acoeueoaoeaia ? ia ni?ey? aeoiaeo e?a?ie c e?ece.

Ca?ac iio??ai? ia i?inoi ei?aeoe?iaee eo?no, iaa?? ie?aieo ??oaiue, a
nooi?nii iiaa oe?e?nia iiaeaeue, yea a a?aeia?aaeaea iaoe?iiaeuei?
?ioa?ane – iiaoaeiao nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaiiai ?eieiaiai ainiiaea?noaa,
a ye?e an? iai?yiee iie?oeee (o?iainiaa, no?oeoo?ia, ?iaanoeoe?eia oa
?i.) iaee a ia ia?oiio i?noe? nioe?aeueio neeaaeiao. Inoaiiy nueiaiaei?
? iaea?eueo aaaeeeaith neeaaeiaith noni?eueiiai i?ia?ano. ?
a?aeeeaeaoe oeae iaeaaaeeea?oee ?iia?aoea no/aniiai ?icaeoeo i?ooi ia
ia? i?aaa.

Iaiiaeeeai cae?enieoe nioe?aeueio ia?ai???ioaoe?th aeiiii?ee aac
ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy. Naia a oe?e ieiuei?
ciaoiaeyoueny iniiai? aaaeae?, /a?ac ye? iiaeia ?aae?coaaoe ?nioth/ee
iioaioe?ae ethaenueeiai eai?oaeo, aac /iai ia iiaeia cae?enieoe aeo?ae
ia o?aaeoi??th oeea?e?ciaaiiai ?icaeoeo. Ca?ac ye i?eiee iaiao?aei?
i?aeoe/i? ae?? aeey i?iaaaeaiiy a aeeooy iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii? ?
caaaeaii? iie?oeee aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy.

Ana, ui neacaii aeua, coiiaeth? aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie, ui ? i?aaeiaoii
aeine?aeaeaiiy a aeai?e ?iaio?.

Nooi?iue iaoeiai? ?ic?iaeaiino? i?iaeaie. I?e aiae?c? i?iaeaie
oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? ieiiaie?
i?eoiaeeoueny noeeaoeny c a?eueo caaaeueieie ieoaiiyie nooiino? naii?
ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee. Aeine?aeaeaiiy c oeeo ieoaiue aeoeaii aaaeooue
oe?a?inuee? oa ?in?enuee? a/ai?: E.Aaaee?i, E.Aac/aniee, I.Aocaae?i,
A.Aieeinueeee, ?.Aaeaea?, A.Aa?oeue, N.Aeacue?a, A.A?eoeaiei,
I.Ao?aae/ia, A.Caaei?iaeiee, I.?uaiei, A.?ea??iiia, I.Eeneeueiaa,
I.Eieaaiia, ?.Eoe?iia, A.Iao, N.Ii/a?iee, TH.Ieuenaae/, TH.Ineiia,
A.Iie?eoai, A.?aaea?a, I.*aio?ei, A.*ooii oa ?i. A inoaii? ?iee
c’yaeeeny ?iaioe, a yeeo niaoe?aeueii aiae?cothoueny i?iaeaie aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?e aeiiii?oe? aai ?o ie?ai? oi?ie, oaeeo
aaoi??a ye I.Aaaeoiiaa, Ae.Aiaeiy, O.Ee?’yi, A.Eoe?eia, I.E?i,
A.E?aaiiaa, Ae.Eueaia, A.Iaaeeao?a, A.Iniaee, ?.Iiaeaaaeiaa, I.Nieieee,
A.Oa?anaiei oa ?i.

A oe?eiio iiaeia eiinoaiooaaoe oaeo iaaeinoaoiuei? oaaae aei iaei??? c
iniiaiiieiaeieo i?iaeai aeiiii?/ii? iaoee. Oei a?eueoa, ye iieaco?
?noi??y, i?aeoe/ii ii/eiath/e c iiiaioo aeieeiaiiy iaoee i?iaeaia
aeioiae?a caaaeaee ciaoiaeeeany a oeaio?? oaaae a/aieo. O.Iaoo?, A.Ni?o,
Ae.??ea?aei, O.Eaia, AE.A.Nae, Aeae. Notha?o I?eue, Ae.Eea?e, E.Ia?en,
O.Aiaaeuen, A.Aai Aaaa?ea, A.Eai?i, E.Ooiiaoa?, A.Ia?oaee, E.Aaeue?an,
O.Aaaeai, N.Eociaoeue, I.Ei?aioe, A.Ieao, E.A?oa?ae oa ?io? aaoi?e
aianee cia/iee aeeaae a iacaaio oaiaoeeo.

Noaiiaeaiiy nioe?aeueii? ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, c?inoaiiy ?ie? ethaenueeiai
eai?oaeo ? ia?niaeoea aeinyaiaiiy nioe?aeueii? caiaee a noni?euenoa?
i?eaa?oaee oaaao aei i?iaeaie aeioiae?a, c?inoaiiy aeia?iaooo ianaeaiiy
eao?aao?a Iiaae?anueei? i?ai?? A.Aaeea?a, A.Ith?aeaey, A.Naia, a oaeiae
i?iaeaie ni?aaaaeeeaiai ?iciiae?eo, aieeao ia ieo iiaeo oe?iiinoae,
ii?aeueieo ? aoe/ieo ii?i ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy a ?iaioao Ae.Aaeea,
Ae.Aaea?aeoa, I.Ae?aea?a, I.Iaaeioca, I.Oiooea?a, E.Oo?io, E.Aaea?iniia,
O.Ooeoyie oa ?i.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y
aeeiioaaeany a ?aieao ieaiiaeo iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o eaoaae?e
aeiiii?/ii? oai??? oa aeiiii?/ieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Oi?ioaaiiy iiaiai aeiiii?/iiai eaaeo Oe?a?ie”
? “?inoeoooe?eia o?ainoi?iaoe?y aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie”, ni?aaeeiiaaoeai yeeo
aoea a 1996-1999 ??. aeena?oaio.

I?aaeiaoii aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? nenoaia aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy oa ?o
no?oeoo?a, a eiai ia’?eoii – o?ainoi?iaoe?y aeiiii?ee ?iaa?n?eiiai oeio,
yea ca?ac a?aeaoaa?oueny a iino?aaeyineeo oa iinonioe?ae?noe/ieo
e?a?iao.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
? eiiieaeniee iie?oeei-aeiiii?/iee aiae?c i?e?iaee, no?oeoo?e, iniiaieo
iai?yie?a oi?ioaaiiy noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy, iniaeeainoae ?o
aaiethoe?? oa iioei?caoe?? ?o no?oeoo?e a oiiaao ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe??
aeiiii?ee ?iaa?n?eiiai oeio.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? aei iinoaaeaii? iaoe aoee aecia/ai? oae? caaaeaiiy:

1. Aeyaeoe iaoiaeieia?/i? i?eioeeie aeine?aeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe?;

2. I?iaiae?coaaoe iniiai? oaeoi?i? iai?yiee oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a oiiaao ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe??, ?ice?eoe ?o iniaeeaino?, a
oaeiae o?oaeiiu? oa noia?a/iino? ?o noaiiaeaiiy;

3. Aecia/eoe iioeiaeueio no?oeoo?o noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a
?eieia?e aeiiii?oe? ? iniiai? oaeoi?e oa oeyoe ?ooo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy
a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? aei iioeiaeueii? no?oeoo?e;

4. Ae?iaeoe iniiai? iai?yiee aea?aeaaii? iie?oeee ?aaoethaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy, ui aeoiaeyoue c neioaco nioe?aeueieo ?iia?aoea?a ? no/anii?
aeiiii?ee oa iaoe?iiaeueieo iniaeeainoae ainiiaea?nueeiai ?icaeoeo.

Aecia/ai? oaeei /eiii iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeee eiai
eia?eo ? iine?aeinai?noue ?icaeyaeo ie?aieo i?iaeai.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a
ianooiiiio.

1. Cai?iiiiiaaii ? ?aae?ciaaii aaoi?nueeo eiioeaioe?th oi?ioaaiiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? ia iniia? canoinoaaiiy
iaoiaeieia?? aiae?co ?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei. ?ice?eoi i?e?iaeo ?
ci?no eaoaai??? “?icae?eaii-noi?niee aeioiae”.

2. Aeae?eaii ? iienaii oaeoi?e, ui coiiaeththoue iaiao?aei?noue
aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiaeieia?? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? e?ece (aeiaae?caoe?y, aoiai?caoe?y,
nioe?ae?caoe?y ye i?ia?aei? oaiaeaioe?? na?oiaiai ?icaeoeo;
iaaeinoaoi?noue iayaiiai eaoaai??eiiai aia?aoo aeey a?aeia?aaeaiiy
niaoeeo?ee ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? ?iaa?n?eiiai oeio a noa?? aeioiae?a).

3. Aeieacaii, ui ae?aeaeoeeo ?acae?eaii-noi?niiai aeioiaea iiaeia
c?icoi?oe eeoa /a?ac ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeioiaea-oe?e? ?
aeioiaea-?acoeueoaoo. C aaaaeaiiyi eaoaai??? ?acae?eaii-noi?niiai
aeioiaea eaoaai??eiee ?yae ?acae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei i?aoe?,
aeaniino?, aeiiii?/ii? aeaaee ? oi?aae?iiy iaaoaa? caaa?oaiiai aeaeyaeo.
Eiaeiee noa’?eo, ui ?aae?co? oe? a?aeiineie, ia? iaaiee iioea (oe?eue),
yeei a noa?? aeiiii?ee ? aeioiae. Noa’?eo i?iyaey? aeoeai?noue /a?ac
?icai?iaiiy ? cae?eniaiiy ?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei, a oiae? /iai
?aeaaeueia (aeioiae-oe?eue) iaoa??ae?co?oueny a aeioiae-?acoeueoao.

4. Ooi/iaii iiiyooy o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? e?ece ye iie?e?ece, ui ioiieth?
oe?eee ?yae no?oeoo?ieo e?ec – aeiiii?/ieo, nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?ieo,
aaiiie?oe/ieo, aoi?/ieo oa ?i., ? aeyaeaii ?? ieea ia i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy
aeioiaeia ianaeaiiy.

5. C?iaeaii aecia/aiiy noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy ye neeaaeiiai
aaaaoi??aiaaiai eiiieaena nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei uiaei
oi?ioaaiiy a?ioiaeo ? iaoo?aeueieo eioo?a, iineoa, ui a?aeie?aieeeny a
yeino? aeaea?ae aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy ?noi?e/ii coiiaeaiiai ??aiy
niiaeeaaiiy iaoa??aeueieo oa aeooiaieo aeaa ? iaaeoiaeyoue ethaeei? c
iaaiith ia??iaee/i?noth.

6. ?ic?iaeaii oa cai?iiiiiaaii iaoaiaoe/io aano?aeoii-?ioa?aaeueio
iiaeaeue iioei?caoe?? noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy; aeyaeaii iai?yiee ?
?aca?ae ?ooo ?o ?aaeueii? no?oeoo?e aei iioeiaeueiiai (aoaeiiiiai)
noaio.

7. A ?acoeueoao? neooaoe?eiiai aiae?co aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a
o?aiceoeai?e aeiiii?oe? i?iaaaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th aeioiae?a ca
ne?aeoth/eie iai?yieaie:

· a?ioia? aeioiaee, iaoo?aeuei? eiooe ? iineoae;

· iii?iaeuei? ? ?aaeuei?;

· aaeia? ? o? aeioiaee, yeeie ?icii?yaeaea?oueny ethaeeia;

· iioi/i? ? i/?eoaai?;

· oaeoi?i? (a?ae i?aoe?, aeaniino?, i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? ?
eai?oaeo);

· nioe?ae?ciaai?;

· iniiai? ? iio?aei?;

· io?oe?ei? ? o?iueia?;

· noa’?eoii-ioe?ii/i?.

8. Aeyaeaii oa ioa?aeoa?eciaaii iniiai? oaiaeaioe?? oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? ?iaa?n?eiiai oeio a Oe?a?i?:
?anoe?aiiy eiea aeioiaeieo neeaaeiaeo; ??cea cieaeaiiy caaaeueiiai ??aiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy, iineeaia nooo?aith ?o aeeoa?aioe?aoe??th ye a
ie?aieo aaeocyo, ?aa?iiao, nioe?aeueieo a?oiao, oae ? ona?aaeei?
i?aei?e?inoa i?ae ?ia?oieeaie ? ea??aieeaie; iiaeeaeaiiy ?ic?eao i?ae
iii?iaeueieie oa aeioiaeaie, ui ? a ?icii?yaeaeaii?; aeii?ioaaiiy
ia?a?iciiae?eue/eo i?ioean?a a noai?aii? aeioiae?a; neaaea ? iano?eea
c?inoaiiy oaeoi?ieo aeioiae?a; iineeaiiy ia?a?iciiae?eue/eo i?ioean?a a
n?i’yo; c?inoaiiy /anoee aeioiae?a a?ae ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe??
iniaenoiai i?aeniaiiai ainiiaea?noaa; iino?eia eiiaa?oaoe?y /anoeie
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a no?eeo aaethoo c iaoith ?? caa?aaeaiiy a?ae
?ioeyoe?? ? aeei?enoaiiy a yeino? iniaenoiai aeaea?aea nioe?aeueiiai
caoenoo; iaoo?ae?caoe?y aeioiae?a; o?i?caoe?y; ?icoe?aiiy a?aeiino? oa
ia?aoai?aiiy ?? a no?eei a?aeoai?thaaia yaeua.

9. Aaaaeaii a iaoeiaee ia?a ? iaa?oioiaaii ooieoe?? aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy
– aeia?iaooo (??aiy aeeooy), iioeaaoe?eio (yoaeoeaia aeeth/aiiy aei
ae?iaieoeoaa /a?ac no?oeoo?o iiaeo iioea?a), nioe?aeueio (ye?noue
aeeooy), ?ace?eoi ?o ci?no.

10. Aeyaeaii i?e/eie ? iniaeeaino? a?aeiino? a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?eii?
e?ece. C?iaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th oaeoi??a, ui coiiaeththoue a?aei?noue:
caaaeueiiaeiiii?/i?, ?eieia?, o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?.

11. ?ice?eoi iniaeeaino?, i?ioe??//y ? o?oaeiiu? noaiiaeaiiy ?inoeoooo
nioe?aeueiiai ia?oia?noaa ia iniia? iioei?caoe?? noi?nii-?acae?eueieo
?ioa?an?a ?ia?oiee?a, i?aei?e?ioe?a, aea?aeaae.

12. Cai?iiiiiaaii ?icoi?iiy nioe?aeueii? ni?aaaaeeeaino? ye neeaaeii?
?eieiai? ??aiiaaae naiaiaee ? ??aiino?, ui a?aeia?aaea?oueny
?acae?eaii-noi?nieie a?aeiineiaie ?iaeea?aea ? noni?euenoaa a i?ioean?
noaiiaeaiiy nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaiiai ?eieiaiai ainiiaea?noaa.

13. ?ic?iaeaii ooieoe?iiaeueio iiaeaeue iieaoe i?aoe? a
o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?e aeiiii?oe?, yea a?aeia?aaea? aca?iiaeea oe?eueiai?
iai?aaeaiino? ooieoe?e, i?eioeei?a iieaoe i?aoe? ? e?eoa???a ?o
?aae?caoe??.

14. I?iaaaeaii aaaaoi??aiaaee aiae?c iieaoe i?aoe?: ia ??ai? iaeiaiiai
i?aoe?aieea, o??ie, aea?aeaae, iieacaii i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy
?acae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei a i?aai?caoe?? iieaoe i?aoe? a ia?ao?aei?e
aeiiii?oe? ?iaa?n?eiiai oeio.

15. Aecia/aii aeiiii?/io aaciaeo ye eiiieaen noi?nieo
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo caoiae?a aea?aeaae, a?ciano oa ?iaeea?aea c
iaaeiiouaiiy ii?ooaiiy ii?iaiaeo cia/aiue iaeaaaeeea?oeo nioe?aeueieo
?iaeeeaoi??a (i?i?iaeuei? aeioiaee, ye?noue oa?/oaaiiy, na?aaeiy
o?eaae?noue aeeooy, iaaee/ia ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa ?i.).

16. Cai?iiiiiaaii eiiieaen caoiae?a uiaei caiia?aaiiy ii?ooaiue
aeiiii?/ii? aaciaee iniaenoino? a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? e?ece:
i?aeaeuaiiy i?i?iaeueii? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe aei ??aiy i?iaeeoeiaiai
i?i?ioia, caiia?aaiiy ?ic?eao i?ae aa?o?noth ? oe?iith i?aoe?,
caaacia/aiiy caaaeueiiai c?inoaiiy ??aiy ca?ia?oii? ieaoe, caa?aaeaiiy
nioe?aeueii cia/eieo aa?aio?e ianaeaiith ia aanue ia??iae
o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? e?ece oa ?i.).

17. ?ic?iaeaii eiiieaenio oa?aeoa?enoeeo no?aoaa?? nioe?aeueii?
aaeaioaoe?? ianaeaiiy a noa?? ?iciiae?eo aeioiae?a, aecia/aii ??
“iaaaoeai?” e?i?? – “nioe?aeueia oo?eiaiiy” ? “nioe?aeueiee ia?aceoeci”.

18. Nenoaiaoeciaaii iai?yiee ? iioiee i?ioean?a ia?a?iciiae?eo
aeioiae?a, aecia/aii aaeoi? ?o cnoao a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? o a?e
ia??aiino? a noni?euenoa?, a?ae a?aeieo aei aaaaoeo (e?aa?ae?caoe?y,
i?eaaoecaoe?y, ?ioeyoe?y, o?i?caoe?y oa ?i.). C?iaeaii aeniiaie, ui oaea
neooaoe?y noai?th? caa?ico nioe?aeuei?e aaciaoe?.

19. Ia iniia? eiiieaeniiai aiae?co noaio aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy c?iaeaii
aeniiaie i?i iaaeinoaoi?noue noaoenoe/ii? aace ? iaiao?aei?noue ?icaeoeo
noaoenoeee aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy, yea a aaeaeaaoii a?aeia?aaeaea ?aaeuei?
i?ioeane, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a oe?e noa??: noaoenoeee ?aaeueieo
aeioiae?a ? aeioiae?a, ui ? a ?icii?yaeaeaii? (a ia eeoa iii?iaeueieo),
n?iaeieo, ?aa?iiaeueieo, oaeoi?ieo aeioiae?a ? o.ae.

20. Aeieacaii iaaaeueio iio?aao aeeaieiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie iieaoe
i?aoe?, ui ciaoiaeeoueny a aeeaie?e e?ec?. Caoyaoaaiiy ?aoi?ie
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny iaaei?aaieie ao?aoaie a aeae? nei?i/aiiy na?aaeiuei?
o?eaaeino? aeeooy ianaeaiiy, ciaioaiiy eiai /enaeueiino?, iia??oaiiy
yeino? oa?/oaaiiy, iaaee/iiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ui a e?ioeaaiio ?aooieo
aaaea aei ?oeioaaiiy o?oaeiaiai iioaioe?aeo noni?euenoaa. Cai?iiiiiaaii
iai?yiee ?aoi?ioaaiiy iieaoe i?aoe?: ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaiai
iioeaaoe?eiiai iaoai?cio, ui aaaea aei c?inoaiiy ??aiy iieaoe i?aoe? ia
iniia? i?aeaeuaiiy ?? yoaeoeaiino?, e?ea?aeaoe?y aeeni?iii?oe?e:
aaeocaaeo, ?aa?iiaeueieo oa ?i., noaiiaeaiiy ? iiaeeaeaiiy nioe?aeueiiai
ia?oia?noaa, ?aciianthaeaeaiiy iiaeo i?ia?aneaieo nenoai i?aai?caoe?? ?
iieaoe i?aoe? ? ia oe?e iniia? a?aeiiaeaiiy ?? ooieoe?iiaeueiiai
iioaioe?aeo.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeeeaaeai? a ii. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13,
14, 15, 17, 19, ? iiaeie, a a ii. 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 18, 20 –
aeiiiaiththoue ?nioth/? iieiaeaiiy ? aiinyoue a ieo /anoeiao iiaecio.

I?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy
io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny
iaa?oioiaaieie i?iiiceoe?yie uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio aea?aeaaii?
iie?oeee a iaeano? aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iathoue aaoi?nuee? i?iiiceoe?? c ieoaiue ?aoi?ioaaiiy
iieaoe i?aoe?, a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/i? neee, aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio
nioe?aeueiiai ia?oia?noaa, ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa ? iaeiai a?ciano, a
oaeiae nenoaie nioe?aeueieo ?iaeeeaoi??a, ui iiaeii? i?aeeyaaoe
iino?eiiio eiio?ieth c iaoith caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? oa nioe?aeueii?
aaciaee noni?euenoaa oa ie?aii? iniae.

Aeniiaee ? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ciaeoee aeei?enoaiiy a i?aeoe/i?e
aeeeaaeaoeuee?e ?iaio?, yeo aaoi? ia i?ioyc? inoaii?o ?ie?a i?iaiaeeoue
ia aeiiii?/iiio oaeoeueoao? Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?nueea eiioeaioe?y aeioiae?a aeei?enoiao?oueny i?e aeeeaaeaii?
eo?n?a “Iae?iaeiiii?ea”, “I?e?iaeiiii?ea”, “Aeiiii?/ia nenoaia Oe?a?ie”,
niaoeeo?no “Aeioiaee ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe?”.

I?aeoe/ia iai?aaeai?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? iiaea noaoe iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeiiii?/ii?
iie?oeee aea?aeaae, ni?yiiaaii? ia iinooiiaa caaacia/aiiy c?inoaiiy
aeeoo?aiai ??aiy ianaeaiiy. I?iiiceoe??, ye? ? a ?iaio?, iiaeooue aooe
iai?aaeai? aei Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie, Eaa?iaoo i?i?no??a.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aeniiaee oa ?acoeueoaoe, iaea?aeai? a oiae?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aaoi? c?iaea naiino?eii ? io?eiaa aia?oa, oa aeeeaa ?o o
a?o/eciyi?e iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo??. Aianie aeena?oaioa a ioae?eaoe??,
iaienai? o ni?aaaoi?noa?, a?aeia?aaeaii a ia?ae?eo iioae?eiaaieo ?ia?o
iai?ee?ioe? aaoi?aoa?aoo.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa aeniiaee aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeiiia?aeaeeny aaoi?ii ia eiioa?aioe?yo: Ananithcieo iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo “I?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo ioiioaiee
ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia” (i. Iineaa, 1982 ?.), “Iiauoaiea ?iee
aioo?eoicyenoaaiiiai ?an/aoa e a?eaaaeiuo oi?i i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea a
oneiaeyo eioaineoeeaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa” (i. Iineaa, a?oaeaiue 1983 ?.),
“I?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey nioeeaeueii-eeanniauo ioiioaiee a niaaoneii
iauanoaa” (i. Iineaa, aa?anaiue 1987 ?.), “*aeiaa/aneee oaeoi? a
onei?aiee nioeeaeueiiai e iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna” (I. –
Iiainea??nuee, o?aaaiue 1989 ?.); ?anioae?eainueeeo iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo “Aaeineiiaeaiiy ainiiaea?nueeiai iaoai?cio ? i?enei?aiiy
?ioaineo?eaoe?? nioe?ae?noe/ii? aeiiii?ee” (i. Ee?a, aeiaoaiue 1987 ?.),
“?ioaineo?eaoe?y – no?aoaa?/iee iai?yiie nioe?ae?noe/iiai ?icoe?aiiai
a?aeoai?aiiy” (i. Aeiiaoeuee, aa?anaiue 1988 ?.); i?aeia?iaeieo
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo “Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea
iiaiai oeia: niaoeeoeea, aiciiaeiinoe, i?iaeaiu oi?ie?iaaiey” (i.
Oa?e?a, a?oaeaiue 1993 ?.), “I?iaeaiu e ia?niaeoeau yeiiiie/aneie
aaciianiinoe ?aaeiiia e oe?i” (i. Oa?e?a, eenoiiaae 1997 ?.), “I?iaeaiu
noaaeeecaoeee e yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey” (i. Oa?e?a, ea?oaiue 1998 ?.),
“I?iaeaie ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie a oiiaao o?aiceoe??” (i.
Oa?e?a, o?aaaiue 1998 ?.), “Nioe?aeuei? i??i?eoaoe a o?aiceoeai?e
aeiiii?oe?” (i. Oa?e?a, o?aaaiue 1999 ?.); 2-?e Anaoe?a?inuee?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeiiii?/ia aaciaea: i?iaeaie ?
no?aoaa?y caaacia/aiiy a Oe?a?i?” (i. Oa?e?a, a?oaeaiue 1998 ?.);
iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/ai?e iai’yo? I.I.Iaiaeoy “?acaeoea
yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee a oneiaeyo o?ainoi?iaoeeiiiiai e?ecena” (i. Oa?e?a,
/a?aaiue 1996 ?.); iaoeiai-iaoiaee/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aoiaiecaoeey iaoee
e ia?aciaaiea” (i. Oa?e?a, o?aaaiue 1990 ?.), a oaeiae ia can?aeaiiyo oa
iaoiaeieia?/ieo nai?ia?ao eaoaae?e aeiiii?/ii? oai??? oa aeiiii?/ieo
iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
iioae?eiaaii a ?iaeea?aeoaeuei?e iiiia?ao?? aaoi?a “Oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a oiiaao ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe??” ianyaii 14,6
iae?eiai-aeaeaaie/eo a?eoo?a. Aaoi?ii oaeiae iaienai? ?icae?ee a
eieaeoeaieo iiiia?ao?yo “I?aoey: i?iaeaie oi?aae?iiy ? iieaoe a
o?aiceoeai?e aeiiii?oe?” (1998 ?.; 3 ae.a.) oa “Aeiiii?/ia aaciaea ?
o?iueiaa aeiiii?ea” (1999 ?.; 2,5 ae.a.).

Ie?ai? aeniiaee ? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a 20 iaoeiaeo
noaooyo (caaaeueiee ianya 9,6 ae.a.), iioae?eiaaieo o oaoiaeo iaoeiaeo
aeaeaiiyo, a o./. 12 noaoae ianyaii 5,95 ae.a. iaienai? aaoi?ii
iaeiiin?aii. O 8 noaooyo, iaienaieo o ni?aaaoi?noa? (caaaeueiee ianya
3,5 ae.a.), /anoea aaoi?a neeaaea? 1,8 ae.a.

E??i oiai, aeniiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy ioae?eoaaeeny a iaa/aeueieo
iin?aieeao “Aeiiii?/ia oai??y. *. 5. Aeiiii?/ia oai??y ? i?aeoeea” (1993
?.; 1 ae.a.) oa “Aeiiii?/ia oai??y” (1997 ?.; 0,6 ae.a.).

Ioaea, ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaai? a 23
iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo, caaaeueiei ianyaii 27,85 ae.a.

No?oeoo?a, ianya ? ci?no ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, 6
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e. Caaaeueiee ianya
aeena?oaoe?? – 460 noi??iie iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, a o./. iniiaiee ianya
(anooi, iniiaia /anoeia, aeniiaee) ia? 380 noi??iie. Aeena?oaoe?y
i?noeoue 25 oaaeeoeue, 8 iaethie?a. Nienie e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae
aeeth/a? 398 iaca.

Ci?no aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeth/a?:

Anooi.

?icae?e 1. Iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae aiae?co oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy
a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee.

1.1. Iaiao?aei?noue aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiaeieia?? aiae?co oi?ioaaiiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? e?ece.

1.2. ?icae?eaii-noi?ni? a?aeiineie ye iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a oiiaao ?iaa?n?eii? aeiiii?ee.

?icae?e 2. Aeioiaee a?ae o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? ? ?o ?ieue i?e ia?aoiae?
aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.

2.1. Iniaeeaino? o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? a ia??iae noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei.

2.2. Oi?ie aeioiae?a a?ae o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? a
eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeai?e ? ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?.

2.3. Iieaoa i?aoe? a o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?e aeiiii?oe?: ci?no ?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy.

2.4. Iiaeeo?eaoe?y ooieoe?e iieaoe i?aoe? ? iniiai? iai?yiee ??
?aoi?ioaaiiy a oiiaao o?aiceoeaii? aeiiii?ee.

?icae?e 3. Aeioiaee a?ae aeaniino? ? i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? a
oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie.

3.1. O?ainoi?iaoe?y a?aeiinei aeaniino? ? i?iaeaia aeioiae?a.

3.2. Aeioiaee a?ae aeaniino? ? ?o ?ieue a noaiiaeaii? ?eieiai?
aeiiii?ee.

3.3. C?inoaiiy aeioiae?a a?ae i?aei?e?iieoeuee?? ae?yeueiino? ye oiiaa
i?enei?aiiy ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue a Oe?a?i?.

?icae?e 4. Nioe?ae?ciaai? aeioiaee a o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?e aeiiii?oe?.

4.1. A?aei?noue ? i?iaeaia nioe?aeueii? ni?aaaaeeeaino? a ia?ao?aei?e
aeiiii?oe?.

4.2. Nioe?aeuei? o?ainoa?oe ? i?iaeaia nioe?aeueii? caoeuaiiino?
ianaeaiiy a o?aiceoeai?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie.

4.3. ?aoi?ia nenoaie iain?eiiai caaacia/aiiy.

?icae?e 5. Iioei?caoe?y no?oeoo?e noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy ye
ia?aaeoiiaa caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? aaciaee iniaenoi/o? ?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa.

5.1. No?oeoo?a noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? ?
iaiao?aei?noue ?? iioei?caoe??.

5.2. Aieea ia?a?iciiae?eue/eo i?ioean?a ia no?oeoo?o noeoiieo aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy.

5.3. C?inoaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy ? iioei?caoe?y ?o no?oeoo?e – oiiaa
??aiy ? yeino? aeeooy.

?icae?e 6. Aea?aeaaia ?aaoethaaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy.

6.1. Nioe?aeuei? ?iia?aoeae no/anii? aeiiii?ee ? aeina?ae ?aaoethaaiiy
aeioiae?a a ?icaeiaieo e?a?iao.

6.2. I?ioe??//y ? o?oaeiiu? noaiiaeaiiy aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe?.

6.3. Nioe?aeueia aaca ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? oa i?iaeaie ?? ?icoe?aiiy.

Aeniiaee.

Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e.

Aeiaeaoee.

Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe.

O “Anooi?” iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe??, ie?aneaii iaoo
oa caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, iiaeaii ei?ioeo aiioaoe?th iieiaeaiue
iaoeiai? iiaecie, iaa?oioiaaieo aeena?oaioii iniaenoi, ioa?aeoa?eciaaii
i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ? ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, iaaaaeaii
a?aeiiino? i?i ai?iaaoe?th ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae aiae?co oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee” iieacaii, ui a no/aniiio na?o?
cai?oii c?inoa? neeaaei?noue aeiiii?/ieo i?ioean?a oa yaeu. Oea
iia’ycaii ia?o ca ana c oei, ui noni?euenoai ia?aoiaeeoue aei iiaiai –
nioe?ieoeueoo?iiai oeio ?icaeoeo, yeee oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
aaaaoiiai?oi?noth ? ??aiioe?ii?noth oi?i, iino?eieie ci?iaie i?e
noeniaii? i?inoi?iai-/aniai? noa?e. A eiaeiiio aeiiii?/iiio oaiiiai? i?e
aiae?c? iiaeia ciaeoe ?ene aaaaoi??aiaaino?, neeaaeiino? no?oeoo?e,
?nioaaiiy iniia, ui ?icoe?ththoueny.

Aeiiii?/i? i?ioeane a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? ?icaa?oathoueny a aaeeiiio
na?oiaiio i?inoi??, aea iineeththoueny yaeua aeiaae?caoe??,
nioe?ae?caoe?? ? aoiai?caoe??. Aeiaaeecaoe?y aeey aea?aeaa c
ia?ao?aeiith aeiiii?eith ana a?eueoa iaa?oa?oueny iaeiinoi?iiiueith
caeaaei?noth a?ae iniiaieo oeaio??a iino?iaeono??aeueiiai na?oo. C?inoa?
?ic?ea i?ae oeeie e?a?iaie ia eeoa a nooiai? iiaioaaiiy ieie iia?oi?ie
oaoiieia?yie, aea ? a ??ai? aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy. 79% n?iae c
iino?iaeono??aeueiei noaiaea?oii niiaeeaaiiy i?eiaaea? ia ?icaeiai?
e?a?ie.

Aiae?c aeiiii?/ieo i?ioean?a o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe? aeoaea
cao?oaeiaiee oei, ui aiia ciaoiaeeoueny a ia?ao?aeiiio noai?, eiee
i?aeoe/ii ia ae?thoue “/eno?” aeiiii?/i? caeiie ? caeiiii??iino?, a
oi?ie, /a?ac ye? a ainiiaea?nuee?e i?aeoeoe? ?aae?cothoueny aeiiii?/i?
yaeua, a iniiaiiio aenooiathoue a ??aoe?iiaeueiiio aeaeyae?, ia?ae?o/aii
a?aeia?aaeathoue nooi?noue aeeaeiieo i?ioean?a.

A oaeeo oiiaao ??cei iineeth?oueny ?ieue ? cia/aiiy iaoiaeieia??
aeiiii?/ii? iaoee, oae ye a?ae ?icaeiaiino? ? aaeaeaaoiino?
iaoiaeieia?/iiai aia?aoo, eiai a?aeiia?aeiino? noaio ia’?eoo aiae?ca ?
no/aniei caaaeaiiyi iaoee caeaaeeoue iaeaooi? ainiiaea?nueei? i?aeoeee,
ciaoiaeaeaiiy ?aaeueieo oeyo?a aeoiaeo c aeiiii?/ii? e?ece ? ianooiiiai
?icaeoeo e?a?ie, anooi ?? ia i?aaao ??aiiai ia?oia?a a na?oiaa
ni?aoiaa?enoai.

?iaa?n?eiee oei ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ao?oeeaeie
i?ioeanaie a noa?? ?iciiae?eue/eo a?aeiinei. Nthaee a?aeiinyoueny
ia?a?iciiae?e aaaaonoaa ? ??cea nioe?aeueia aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y a
noni?euenoa?, iaaaeueia iaae?iiy ??aiy aeioiae?a cia/ii? a?eueoino?
ianaeaiiy, iiyaa ianiai? a?aeiino?, ia?aoai?aiiy ca?ia?oii? ieaoe a
??ciiaeaei?noue “nioe?aeueii? aeiiiiiae”, a oaeiae anoaiiaeaiiy iiaeo
aeaea?ae aeioiae?a: aeaniino?, i?aei?e?iieoeoaa oa ?i.

?eieiaa o?ainoi?iaoe?y aeeth/a? a naaa ?inoeoooe?ei? ia?aoai?aiiy o an?o
noa?ao ethaenueei? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.

A ca’yceo c oeei aaaeeeaei iiiyooyi noa? iiiyooy o?ainoi?iaoe?eii?
e?ece. Iiaii? yniino? a ?? ?icoi?ii?, i?e/eiao ? oeyoao aeoiaeo c ia?
iiee ui ia aeinyaiooi. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, i?e oa?aeoa?enoeoe?
o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? e?ece iaiao?aeii aeae?eyoe aeaa ??ai? aiae?ca:
eieaeueiee (o?ainoi?iaoe?y a ?aieao ie?aii? e?a?ie) ? na?oiaee, eiee
o?ainoi?iaoe?y aiae?co?oueny c oi/ee ci?o anana?oiuei?noi?e/iiai
i?ioeano, /iio i?eae?ey?oueny iaaaaaoi iaioa oaaae. Ia ?oaaae? noie?oue
iaea?eueo c?eii i?iyaey?oueny ii/aoie ia?aoiaeo aei iiai?
iinoaeiiii?/ii? oi?iaoe?? ia iniia? aeeaieeo ye?nieo ci?i a na?o?. Oea
ia’?eoeaiee i?ioean, c yeei iaiiaeeeai ia ?aooaaoeny, a oei a?eueoa eiai
ia iii?/aoe. I?iyaey?oueny a?i a ianooiieo iiiaioao-oaiaeaioe?yo:
ii-ia?oa, niinoa??aathoueny ye?ni? ci?ie o a?aeiineiao
“noni?euenoai-i?e?iaea”; ii-ae?oaa, i?ioiaeyoue ye?ni? c?ooaiiy a
iaeaaaeeea?o?e noa?? ethaenueei? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? – i?aoe?. Aiia o ana
a?eueo ?icoe?aieo ianooaaao noa? oai?/ith ae?yeuei?noth, ?acoeueoaoe
yei? ia a?ae/oaeaeothoueny a?ae ?iaeea?aea, aea a oie aea /an
iio?aieythoue o anaaeei?enoaiiy an?o ?ioeo ethaeae. Ii-o?ao?,
ci?ith?oueny naii ?icoi?iiy ?ie? ethaeeie a noni?eueiiio ae?iaieoeoa?.

Iiaecia aeacaieo ae?enieo oaiaeaioe?e noaaeoue ia?aae aeiiii?/iith
iaoeith “iia? aani?aoeaaeaioi? i?iaeaie”, na?aae yeeo naiith aaaeeeaith
? ooiaeaiaioaeueiith ? noai?aiiy iiai? ia?aaeeaie aeiiii?/ii? oai???.
Aaea ca?ac i?i?i/eie cao/aoue neiaa aiae?enueeiai aeine?aeieea A.Oaei?na
i?i oa, ui “iaae?y ia iaeaooi? i?noeoueny a neioac?, yeee aoaea
aeeth/aoe ana e?aua c oai??? ?eea?aei, Ia?ena, Eaeina ? iaieeanee?a.
Oeae neioac, yeui a?i aoaea cae?eniaiee, a?aeiiaeoue i?aoaic??
aeiiii?/ii? oai??? ia oa, uia noaoe oai???th anueiai noni?euenoaa”1.
Naia a oeueiio ?one? ? aoaeaii aoaeoaaoe na?e aiae?c oi?ioaaiiy
aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy ? aeoiaeeoe c oiai,ui aeioiaee aoaeooue neoaeeoe
iniiaith ? caniaii ?icaeoeo ? ?aae?caoe?? ethaenueei? iniaenoino?. Aea
oaeee i?aeo?ae iio?aao? ? a?aeiia?aeii? iaoiaeieia?? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
*anoeiai aiia aaea noai?aia (iai?eeeaae, oaeoi?iee aiae?c,
?inoeoooe?eiee i?aeo?ae), aea iayaia iaoiaeieia?y cian?i iaaeinoaoiy
aeey aiioe ?ioaeaeooae?caoe?? oa aoiai?caoe??. Naia c oaeeo iiceoe?e
iaiao?aeiee iiaeyae ia no/aniee noai aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie aeey oiai, uia a
ia??iae a?oo?eaoe?? aea?aoe a??iee aaeoi? iiaeaeueoiai ?ooo e?a?ie ?
ca?aeii aeaiiio iai?yieo i?iaiaeeoe oe?eani?yiiaai? aeiiii?/i? ?aoi?ie.

O?ainoi?iaoe?eia e?eca, ii noo?, ? iie?e?eca, oiio ui ioiieth? oe?eee
?yae no?oeoo?ieo e?ec – aeiiii?/io, nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?io,
aaiiie?oe/io, aoi?/io oa ?i.

Aea eiaeiee ?c aeaiaio?a iie?e?ece a e?ioeaaiio ?aooieo caiaeeoueny aei
oiai, ui caoaeo?oueny oa /e ?ioa iiea ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, iiaeeeaino?
?? ?icaeoeo. A oeueiio, ia iao iiaeyae, iieyaa? niaoeeo?ea
o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? iie?e?ece, a ?? i?iyae a noa?? aeiiii?ee, eoeueoo?e,
iaoee, iie?oeee ? ?i. ? eeoa a?eueo iiaa?oiaaeie, aea cian?i ia i?inoeie
oi?iaie “a?aena?/aiiy” iac??eeo i?ioe??/ noni?eueiiai i?ia?ano.

1 Ie?iaay yeiiiieea e iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ioiioaiey. – 1994. -? 10. – N.
175.

Neia?aaoeeith aeieacaii, ui “neeaaeiii?aai?ciaaiei nenoaiai ia iiaeia
iaa’ycoaaoe oeyoe ?o ?icaeoeo. Nei??oa iaiao?aeii c?icoi?oe, ye ni?eyoe
?o aeaniei oaiaeaioe?yi ?icaeoeo, ye aeaiaeeoe nenoaie ia oe? oeyoe”1.
*a?ac i?ciaiiy oaeeo oaiaeaioe?e noni?euenoai iaea?aeeoue “iiaeeeaino?
aeai?o oeyo?a iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo, i?e/iio oaeeo, ye? aeaooiaoaaee a
ethaeeio ? ?acii c oei ia aoee a ?oei?aieie aeey i?e?iaee”2. Oei naiei
aecia/a?oueny aeoeaia, aea a iniaeeaeo iaaeao, ?ieue ethaeeie a
noni?eueiiio ?icaeoeo. Oiio aeo?ae ?c iie?e?ece iiaeeeaee eeoa caaaeyee
oe?eani?yiiaai?e ae?yeueiino? o??? ae ethaeeie.

Ine?eueee oeaio?ii ? a?nnth iie?nenoaiii? e?ece ? ethaeeia, oi ?
aeoiaeeoe a aiae?c? iaiao?aeii ?c iieiaeaiiy ethaeeie, ?? iio?aa ?
aeioiae?a.

Ca aeaieie io?oe?eii? noaoenoeee, iii?iaeueia na?aaeiy ca?ia?oia ieaoa a
oe?eiio a Oe?a?i? a 1999 ?. neeaaeaea 170,4 a?i., a ?aaeueia ca?ieaoa –
33,5% ??aiy 1990 ?.. Ca iaoa??aeaie athaeaeaoieo ianoaaeaiue n?iae, ye?
i?iaiaeeei I?i?noa?noai noaoenoeee a 1997 ?., 90% n?iae Oe?a?ie iaei
noeoiiee aeioiae, ui aoa ieae/a /e aei??aithaaa aeioiaeai 10%
iaea?aei?oeo n?iae a 1990 ?.

Oea na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui iaea?eueo aino?ith iio?aaith a?eueoino?
ianaeaiiy Oe?a?ie ? i?aeaeuaiiy aeioiae?a. A oae ye o aea?aeaae iaia?
eioo?a ? a iaeaeeae/?e ia?niaeoea? ?o ia aoaea, oi ?aeeia, ui aiia
iiaea c?iaeoe, – oea iioeaoaaoe aenieiaoaeoeaio i?aoeth. Aeey oeueiai
aaeeeeo o?iainiaeo aeo?ao ia ciaaeiaeoueny, iio??aii eeoa aaaeaiiy ?
iaiieaaeea?noue a i?iaaaeaii? oaeiai eo?no. Oaeei /eiii, iioeaaoe?y
i?aoe? ca?ac aenooia? o??th eaieith eaioethaa, iioya ca yeo a?aee?eaa?
iiaeeea?noue ??oaiiy i?iaeaie iie?e?ece. Iniiaia noaaea o an?o
?aoi?iaoe?eieo caoiaeao iiaeiia ?iaeoeny ia ?ice?eooy ethaenueeiai
iioaioe?aeo ye aieiaiiai ?ano?no aeiiii?/iiai icaei?iaeaiiy e?a?ie.

Ieoaiiy ?iciiae?eo ? oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a i?aeoe/ii caaaeaee
iia’ycoaaeeny a/aieie c i?aoeath ? i?eaeaniaiiyi, aeani?noth. Naia a
i?aoe? ? aeaniino? ooeaee ? ciaoiaeeee aeo?aeiee ioieo ? iniiao
?iciiae?eo ? i?eaeaniaiiy aeioiae?a. ?, ia ia?oee iiaeyae, ana
caea?oueny c?icoi?eei ? eia?/iei, iiee ia ni?iao?ii a?aeiia?noe ia naia
i?inoa caieoaiiy ainiiaea?nueei? i?aeoeee: ia ye?e aeiiii?/i?e iniia?
aea?aeaaa, ui ia ? a i?yiiio ?icoi?ii? ae?iaieeii ? aeanieeii noai?aiiai
th?eaee/iith /e o?ce/iith iniaith i?iaeoeoo,

1Eiycaa A.i., Eo?aethiia N.I. Neia?aaoeea eae iiaia ie?iaeaeaiea:
aeeaeia n E.I?eaiaeeiui//Aii?inu oeeinioee. – 1992. – ? 12, – N. 4.

2Oai aea. – N. 5.

i?eaeanith? /anoeo aeioiaeo o aeaeyae?, iai?eeeaae, iiaeaoe?a, a oie,
ooi ae?iaey? i?iaeoeo, ia iiaea iiai?noth i?eaeanieoe aeioiae a?ae nai??
ae?yeueiino??

I?e ni?ia? a?aeiia?noe ia oea caieoaiiy a?ae?aco noeea?iinue c
noi?nii-?icae?eaieie a?aeiineiaie, c iio?aaith ?o iiaeeaeaiiai aiae?ca.

?icae?eaii-noi?ni? a?aeiineie ye ia’?eo iie?oaeiiii?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeae?eeany ia iaae? 80-90-o ?ie?a iaoiai noie?ooy. Cia/iee aeeaae a
?icaeoie iaoiaeieia?? ?o aiae?co aianee oa?e?anuee? a/ai?. A.A.A?eoeaiei
iaoeiai iaa?oiooaaa eaoaai??th noi?nii-?icae?eueii? i?aoe? ye iaeio ?c
iaea?eueo ooiaeaiaioaeueieo eaoaai??e iie?oe/ii? aeiiii??. A
iiaeaeueoiio aeine?aeaeaii? noi?nii-?icae?eueieo a?aeiinei
A.A.Caaei?iaeiei aoei aeiaaaeaii, ui aeiiii?/ia aeaaea ? oi?aae?iiy
iathoue oaeiae ?icae?eueii-noi?niee oa?aeoa?. Aea eia?/iee eaioetha ia
oeueiio ia?eaa?oueny, ia aenoa/a? o??? eaiee, yea iiina?aaeeiao?
ia?ao?ae a?ae e?ioey eaioethaa aei eiai ii/aoeo. Iaie aeiaaaeaii, ui
oaeith eaieith ? aeioiae ye ?ioaa?oth/ee ?acoeueoao ?ooo
?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei. Ii noo?, c iaeiiai aieo, an?
?icae?eaii-noi?ni? a?aeiineie iathoue iaaio oe?eue, oae ye eiaeiee
noa’?eo, ui ?o ?aae?co?, noa? naia oaeei, aoyao?oueny a noa?o oeeo
a?aeiinei eeoa oiae?, eiee ia? iaaiee iioea, oe?eue. A noa?? aeiiii?ee
oaeith iaoith /e iioeaii ? aeioiae. Oea cia/eoue, ui a i?aaiaii? aei
aeioiaeo ?aeaaeueii caeeaaeaii iiaeeea?noue ? iaiao?aei?noue cae?eniaiiy
?icae?eaii-noi?nii? ae?yeueiino? (a?aeiinei). Noa’?eo i?iyaey?
aeoeai?noue, yea ?aae?co?oueny /a?ac ?icaa?oaiiy ? cae?eniaiiy oeeo
a?aeiinei, a oiae? /iai eiai ?aeaaeueia oe?eue iaoa??ae?co?oueny. C
ae?oaiai aieo, oey iaoa??ae?caoe?y ciaoiaeeoue ao?eaiiy ? caaa?oo?oueny
a oiio, ui ?aeaaeueia oe?eue aeinyaa?oueny ? ao?eth?oueny a ?aaeueiee
aeioiae noa’?eoa. Aea iaea?aeaiiy ?aaeueiiai aeioiaea ?acii c oei ? ia
eeoa aeinyaiaiiy aeo?aeii? iaoe, a ? aeo?ae ia iiao, a?eueo aenieo iaoo,
ui iia’ycaii ye c ?icaeoeii naiiai noa’?eoa, oae ? c? ci?iith neooaoe??
a aeiae?ee?, oiio ui /an ? i?ino?? oaea ci?ieeeny.

Oaeei /eiii, iiaeeeai eiinoaiooaaoe, ui aeioiae ? ?aeaaeueia oe?eue ?
?aaeueiee ?acoeueoao i?ioeanoth/iai, a oiio iino?eii a?aeoai?thaaiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy (cae?eniaiiy) ?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei. Oei naiei
ie aeoiaeeii ia iiao iaoiaeieia?/io i?iaeaio ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?
aca?iiae?? noaoe/ii? aeeiai?/ii? aeiiii?/ii? oai???, a ye?e eiioeaioe?y
aeioiae?a, iniiaaia ia aiae?c? ?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei, iiaea
noaoe c’?aeioth/ei eaioethaii.

?icae?eaii-noi?niee oa?aeoa? ae?yeueiino?, ui iieno?oueny eaoaai??eiei
?yaeii ?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei – i?aoe?, aeaniino?, aeiiii?/ii?
aeaaee ? oi?aae?iiy, a e?ioeaaiio ?aooieo o?eno?oueny eaoaai???th
?icae?eaii-noi?niiai aeioiaea. ?acoeueoao ?icae?eaii-noi?niiai
i?eaeaniaiiy i?iaeoeo?a noi?nii-?icae?eaii? i?aoe? ? ?icae?eaii-noi?niee
aeioiae. Eaoaai??? iaoe?i?iaeueiiai, aaeiaiai, /enoiai oa ?ioeo
aeioiae?a o?enothoue e?euee?nio ??cieoeth, a?aei?ii?noue ?o neeaaeo.
Eaoaai??y ?icae?eaii-noi?niiai aeioiaea oa?aeoa?eco? eiai aioo??oith
i?e?iaeo, niin?a ca?iaeaeaiiy, a cia/eoue, ? iaoai?ci ooieoe?iioaaiiy.
?icae?eaii-noi?niee aeioiae – oea ia ua iaeei aeae aeioiae?a ii?yae c
/enoei, aaeiaei ? ?i., a an? aeacai? oi?ie aeioiae?a, aea acyo? a
nenoai?, a ?aeiino? ?o ?icae?eueiiai ?nioaaiiy.

Ae?aeaeoeeo ?icae?eaii-noi?niiai aeioiaea iiaeia c?icoi?oe eeoa
?icae?eeaoe eiai ia aeioiae-oe?eue ? aeioiae-?acoeueoao. Aeioiae-oe?eue
ii/aoeiai (iioaioe?eii) caeeth/a? a nia? ye iaaiee oa?aeoa?
ae?yeueiino?, oae ? aeioiae-?acoeueoao, aea eeoa ?aeaaeueii.
Aeioiae-?acoeueoao aenooia? ye iaoa??aeueia, yea ?ioaa?oaaei a naaa
?aeaaeueia. Nai aea ?icae?eaii-noi?niee oa?aeoa? ae?yeueiino? ? eeoa
iiina?aaeeoth/ei eaioethaii a ?aae?caoe?? aeioiaea-oe?e? a
aeioiae-?acoeueoao, aea eiai niaoeeo?/ia ?ieue iieyaa? a oiio, ui a?i
iaoiiaeth? ? aecia/a? ?icae?eaii-noi?nio i?e?iaeo aeioiaea.

Ni?aaa a oiio, ui “ia?ao?ae” aeioiaea-oe?e? a aeioiae-?acoeueoao ?
aeoaea neeaaeiei i?ioeanii, a yeiio caae?yiee ia eeoa noa’?eo
aeioiaea-oe?e?, oi/a c?icoi?ei, ui a?i ? aieiaiei aaaioii an?o
a?aeiinei, ui oi?eathoueny aeaii? oe?e?. Aea e??i iueiai a aeaiiio
i?ioean? i?eeiathoue o/anoue ?io? noa’?eoe: o??ie /e ei?ii?aoe?? ?
aea?aeaaa ye aieiaiee a?a?o?, ui aecia/a? “i?aaeea a?e” ia ainiiaea?/iio
iie? ? cieaeo? o?anaeoe?ei? aeo?aoe. Oiio aeey ae?enii? ?aae?caoe??
aeioiaea-oe?e? a aeioiae-?acoeueoao iaiao?aei? coneeey ia eeoa eiai
noa’?eoa, aea e o??ie oa aea?aeaae. Aea oea ia ? /eiinue ?ioei ye
aeoeaiith o/anoth aeacaieo noa’?eo?a a i?ioean? noai?aiiy
aeioiaea-?acoeueoaoa. Oiio aeioiae-?acoeueoao iaea?aeo? ia nai noa’?eo
aeioiaea-oe?e? a iiaiiio ianyc?, a aeioiae ae?eeoueny iii?ae an?ia
noa’?eoaie-o/anieeaie aeaieo a?aeiinei aai i?ioeano noai?aiiy
aeioiaea-?acoeueoaoa. Aea?aeaaa ye “aieiaieq a?a?o?”, caeiiiaeaa/i
caaacia/eaoe ?aae?caoe?th ?icae?eaii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei, ia?acii
eaaeo/e, i?eeia? o/anoue o ?icae?e? “ie?iaa” (aeioiaea), oiaoi iaea?aeo?
/anoeo inoaiiueiai o aeaeyae? iiaeaoeo. Ooo c iaaiith i??ith
a?aeiiniino? iiaeia caaaeaoe ei?iey, yeee ca?aeii Ae.Ii?oo, “aaaea naaa
ye i?ia?aeiee aeene?ei?iaoe?eii? iie?oeee iiiiiie?no ? i?iiiio? ??ciei
a?oiai nai?o i?aeaeaieo “caoeno ? ni?aaaaeeea?noue” aai, a e?aeiueiio
aeiaaeeo, iaaaaeaiiy ii?yaeeo a e?a?i? ? caoeno i?aa aeaniino? a iai?i
ia nieaoo iiaeaoe?a (aeae?eaii iiith – N.O.) 1.

1Ii?o Ae.E. Einoeooou e yeiiiie/aneee ?ino: enoi?e/aneia
aaaaeaiea//THESIS: eai?ey e enoi?ey yeiiiie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo
einoeoooia e nenoai. – Aania 1993. – O. 1. – Aui. 2. – I. – 1993. – N.
83.

Aeioiae-?acoeueoao ia iiaea aooe eeoa noi?niei aeioiaeii, oaeiae ye ia
iiaea aooe ? eeoa ?iaeea?aeoaeueiei. Aeioiae ?iaeea?aeoae?co?oueny,
?iciiae?ey?oueny iii?ae an?ia noa’?eoaie, ye? i?eeiaee o/anoue a
?aae?caoe?? aeioiaea-oe?e?, oiaoi i?aeoe/ii ?aae?ciaoaaee
?icae?eaii-noi?ni? a?aeiineie.

Oaeei /eiii, aeei?enoaiiy iaoiaeieia??, iniiaaii? ia aiae?c?
?icae?eueii-noi?nieo a?aeiinei a noa?? oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a, aeicaiey?
aeaoe aeo?aeia aecia/aiiy noeoi?ieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy.

I?ae noeoiiei aeioiaeii ?icoi??oueny aeioiae-?acoeueoao, ui
neeaaea?oueny ?c ??ciiiai?oieo aeioiaeieo neeaaeiaeo, ye? iaea?aeai? a
?ioaa?aoeaiiio i?ioean? ?aae?caoe?? oe?e? noi?nii-?icae?eaii?
ae?yeueiino? ?iaeea?aea, eieaeoeao ? aea?aeaae, ? iainiaeaiee a oiae?
?iciiae?eo. I?ioean aeinyaiaiiy aeioiaea-?acoeueoaoa caaaeaee aoaea iaoe
noi?niee oa?aeoa?, oae ye i?eionea?oueny, ui a ainiiaea?nuee?e i?aeoeoe?
?ie? aaaio?a noni?eueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa aecia/ai?. Aea?aeaa?
a?aeaiaeeoueny ooieoe?y ?ic?iaieea ? a?a?o?a “i?aaee a?e”; eieaeoea
caaacia/o? ii?aeiaiiy, ni?yiiaai?noue ? eii?aeeiaoe?th ni?eueieo coneeue
i?aoe?aiee?a o??ie; ?ia?oiee aea aaciina?aaeiuei cae?enith? ae?iaie/o
ooieoe?th. A?aeiia?aeii, aeioiae-?acoeueoao eeoa a aeoaea
ei?ioeino?ieiaiio ia??iae? i?aaenoa? ye ?aeeinoai, yea iio?i
?iciaaea?oueny, iainiaey?oueny iii?ae o/anieeaie ae?iaie/iai i?ioeano
ca?aeii ?o ?ie? ? coneeue a aeinyaiaii? aeioiaea-?acoeueoaoa. Oea
iainiaeaiiy a ?aaeueiino? i?iyaey?oueny a oiio, ui ?c caaaeueiiai
aeioiaea-?acoeueoaoa aea?aeaaa iaea?aeo? naith /anoeo o aeaeyae?
iiaeaoe?a; eieaeoea – o aeaeyae? /enoiai i?eaooeo; ?ia?oiee – o aeaeyae?
ca?ia?oii? ieaoe.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Aeioiaee a?ae o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? ? ?o ?ieue i?e
ia?aoiae? aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei” ?icaeyaeathoueny iniaeeaino?
nioe?aeueii-o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? a ia??iae noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei, oi?ie aeioiae?a a?ae o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? a
eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeai?e ? ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?, ci?no ?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy iieaoe i?aoe? a o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?e
aeiiii?oe?, a oaeiae aeyaeaii ? iienaii iiaeeo?eaoe?? ooieoe?e iieaoe
i?aoe? ? iniiai? iai?yiee ?? ?aoi?ioaaiiy ia ?eieiaeo canaaeao.

Nioe?aeueii-o?oaeia? a?aeiineie iaaoaathoue a inoaii?e /an oaeeo iiaeo
ye?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee ye nioe?aeuei?noue ? aoiai?caoe?y. Ethaeeia
aenooia? ia eeoa oaeoi?ii ci?i, aea ? ?o noooth, iaoith oa ?ioaa?aoeaiei
?acoeueoaoii. Oiio ia ia?oee ieai aenoaathoueny naia ?iaanoeoe?? a
ethaeeio, a o? aaeoc?, ye? i?yii ni?eythoue ?? ?icaeoeo: iaoeo, ina?oo,
ioi?iio caei?ia’y. A nai?e ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie i??i?eoaoieie noathoue
ciaiiy, iniaenoa iaenoa?i?noue ? ai?iiy, i?aei?e?ieea?noue oa ?i. Noa?a
o?oaeiaeo a?aeiinei a eiiaiaei?e nenoai? aoea ?cieueiaaia a?ae aeacaieo
na?oiaeo oaiaeaioe?e. Oea i?eaaei aei a?aenoaaaiiy a ?icaeoeo
ethaenueeiai eai?oaeo, aei iaeiie/aiiy i?ioe??/. I?ioe??//y i?ae ye?noth
? ??aiai ina?oe ?ia?oiee?a nioe?ae?noe/iiai noni?euenoaa,
eaae?o?eaoe??th ? aeiao?aeeea?noth ? o??th i?eioniaith oi?iith i?aoe?,
aea caeiiiaeaa/i caai?iiyeanue i?eaaoia i?aei?e?iieoeueea ae?yeuei?noue,
cae?enithaaany aei?noeee eiio?ieue ca ?iaioith ca noi?nieoeoaii, ia
iiaee ia i?eaanoe aei aeiiii?/ii? e?ece ? iaiao?aeiino? ia?aoiaeo aei
?eieiai? aeiiii?ee.

Naia oiio nueiaiaei? oae aino?i noi?oue ieoaiiy i?i ?icaeoie o?oaeiaeo
a?aeiinei a ?eieiaiio ?one?, i?i oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo ?aaoeyoi??a ? ia?o
ca ana eiai i?ia?aeiiai ?inoeoooo – ?eiea i?aoe?.

Aeioiaee a?ae o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? a eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeai?e
aeiiii?/i?e nenoai? ?aaoethaaeeny ia iniia? caeiio ?iciiae?eo ca
i?aoeath. Iaeiaei i?e a?aenooiino? ?eieiaeo iaoai?ci?a, aeyaeoe i??o
o?oaeiaeo aeo?ao, a?aooaaoe anth aaaaoiiai?oi?noue ye?nieo ia?aiao??a
i?aoe? aoei iaiiaeeeai. Iinooiiai i?ioe??//y i?ae i?iaieioaiei
i?eioeeiii ?iciiae?eo ca i?aoeath oa eiai i?aeoe/iei ao?eaiiyi iaaoei
aioaaii?noe/ii? oi?ie, ui a e?ioeaaiio ?aooieo i?eaaei, ia iao iiaeyae,
aei aiii?? nenoaie ?iciiae?eue/eo a?aeiinei nioe?ae?noe/iiai
noni?euenoaa.

A ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe? aeioiaee a?ae o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? ? iniiaieie
aeioiaeieie neeaaeiaeie aaniethoii? a?eueoino? ianaeaiiy.

Oai??y oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa iia’ycaea aaee/eio aeioiaea a?ae i?aoe? c
?eieiaeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie – iiieoii, i?iiiceoe??th, oe?iith. Aiia
iaea?aeaea cia/ia i?aee??ieaiiy a eiioeaioe?? a?aie/ii?
i?iaeoeoeaiino?, yea o?aeoo? aeioiaee ye oe?ie ?ano?n?a, ui caeaaeaoue
a?ae ?o a?aie/ii? a?aeaea/?. Ca?aeii oe??? oai??? oe?ie ia iineoae
i?aoe? aecia/athoueny ia iniia? iiieoo ? i?iiiceoe??. Ia ?eieo i?aoe?
e??i ?eieiaeo oaeoi??a ae?thoue aiaeiieo?aioi? oaeoi?e – i?ioni?eee,
aea?aeaaa, iiiiiie?? oa ?i. Aaee/eia iieaoe i?aoe?, a e?ioeaaiio
?aooieo, ? aaee/eiith aeanoe/iith ? i?aaia aei ??aiiaaae /a?ac eiie?aoi?
oi?ie ? nenoaie i?aai?caoe?? i?aoe?. A ?iaio? aea?oueny ianooiia
aecia/aiiy: iieaoa i?aoe? – oea neeaaeia, eiiieaenia, aaaaoi??aiaaa
aeiiii?/ia eaoaai??y, ui a?aeia?aaea? ?eieiao ??aiia?nio oe?io i?aoe? ?
?icae?eaii-noi?ni? ?ioa?ane iaeiaieo i?aoe?aiee?a, i?aei?e?ioe?a ?
aea?aeaae.

Neooaoe?y c iieaoith i?aoe?, ui neeaeany a o?ainoi?iaoe?ei?e aeiiii?oe?,
aeaeaea a?ae ?eieiai?, oi/a ?aoi?ioaaiiy nenoaie iieaoe a Oe?a?i?
cae?enith?oueny c ii/aoeo 90-o ?ie?a. C i?eeiyooyi Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i
i?aei?e?inoaa a Oe?a?i?”, Aeae?aoa Eaa?iaoa I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie “I?i
iieaoo i?aoe?”, ca?aeii yeei ii/aany i?ioean aeaoeaio?ae?caoe??
i?aai?caoe?? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe, aoei i?iaieioaii ii/aoie oi?ioaaiiy iniia
nioe?aeueiiai ia?oia?noaa a noa?? i?aoe?. Caeii Oe?a?ie “I?i iieaoo
i?aoe?”, i?eeiyoee a aa?aci? 1995 ?., ni?yiiaaiee ia iiaeaeueoee
?icaeoie aea?aeaaiiai aeiaia??iiai ?aaoethaaiiy iieaoe i?aoe?, aecia/a?
i?aaa i?aoe?aiee?a ia iieaoo i?aoe? oa ?o caoeno. Ia aeaeue,
caeiiioai?aiiy a noa?? o?oaeiaeo a?aeiinei ia iaei oni?oo, oae ye ia
iie?aeiny ia ae?eia? iaoai?cie naiai cae?eniaiiy. Ciaoe?iaia i?aoey
i?aoe?aiee?a a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? ia? aaeee? iaaaoeai? iane?aeee
aeey noni?euenoaa: ia?aoeiaeaea? iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiio i?ia?ano ?
c?inoaiith i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?, ni?ey? cieaeaiith
ieaoaaeani?iiiaeiiai iiieoo ianaeaiiy ?, ye iane?aeie, aeeeeea?
nei?i/aiiy ae?iaieoeoaa oiaa??a ? iineoa.

Aaaa iaeiie/aieo i?iaeai a noa?? iieaoe i?aoe? aea? ciiao c?iaeoe
aeniiaie i?i oa, ui aeeaiea ?eieiaa ?aoi?ioaaiiy ua iiia?aaeo. *ei
nei??oa aiii ?aae?co?oueny ? aoaea a?eueo ?aaeeeaeueiei, oei oaeaeoa
c’yaeoueny oain aeeoe c e?ece.

I?i e?eciaee noai noa?e iieaoe i?aoe? na?ae/aoue ianooii? iiiaioe:

– Iecueeee caaaeueiee ??aaiue iieaoe i?aoe? a e?a?i?. Ca?ia?oia ieaoa
iiaiioe?iii ia aeeiio? aeiaeii? c nai?o ooieoe?e – a?aeoai?thaaeueio,
noeioethth/o, ?aaoethth/o, o?ainoi?iaoe?eio. Aiia ia?aoai?eeany a
??ciiaeaei?noue nioe?aeueii? aeiiiiiae.

– Ia?aeine a iieao? i?aoe? ?niothoue ca ??cieie iai?yieaie: i?ae
aaeocyie, ?aa?iiaie, i?aei?e?inoaaie, ana?aaeei? i?aei?e?inoa i?ae
?ia?oieeaie oa oi?aae?ioeyie.

– Iania? iaaeieaoe oa cao?eiee ca?iaeaii? ieaoi? noaee o?ii?/iith
oai?iaith iaoi? aeiiii?ee.

– ?aaeueia ca?ia?oia ieaoa ia? noaeo oaiaeaioe?th aei iaae?iiy. sseui a
1995 ?. aiia noaiiaeea 36,9% a?ae ??aiy 1990 ?., oi a 1996 ?. – 35,0%, a
1997 ?. – 34,2%, a a 1998 ?. – aaea 33,5% 1.

– I?i?iaeueia ca?ia?oia ieaoa ia?aoai?eeany a iae?eiao eaoaai??th ? ia
aeeiio? nai?? ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie?, ana a?eueoa ? a?eueoa
a?aeaeaey?oueny a?ae aaee/eie aa?oino? niiaeea/iai eioeea ? aaee/eie
na?aaeiuei? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe.

A oae?e neooaoe?? ia ?aae?co?oueny a?aeoai?thaaeueia ooieoe?y; naiei
o?eaiaeiei ? oa, ui niinoa??aa?oueny no?eea oaiaeaioe?y aei caoaeaiiai
a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/i? neee. A oaeiio aeaeyae? ca?ieaoa noa? aaeueiii
?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue, i?eaiaeeoue aei ?oeioaaiiy naiiai oe?iiiai
no?aoaa?/iiai ?ano?no noni?euenoaa – o?oaeiaiai iioaioe?aeo ? noai?th?
i?yio caa?ico aeiiii?/i?e oa nioe?aeuei?e aaciaoe? noni?euenoaa ?
ethaeeie.

1?ic?aoiaaii ca: Iae?iaeiiii?/i? aeai? aeey i?iaiic?a o aaoiio a?cian?
(I?aceaeaionuee? oaaeeoe?) //Aeiiii?no. – 1999. – ? 2. – N. 40.

Ia e?aua neooaoe?y ? c ?aae?caoe??th noeioethth/i? oa ?aaoethth/i?
ooieoe?e. A oiiaao neaaeiai eiieo?aioiiai na?aaeiaeua ? e?ece naii?
nenoaie iieaoe i?aoe? oea ? oe?eeii caeiiii??iei.

A oaeeo oiiaao, ia iao iiaeyae, ? an? i?aenoaae noaaeoe ieoaiiy i?i
aeae?eaiiy iniaeeai? o?ainoi?iaoe?eii? ooieoe?? iieaoe i?aoe? oa ??
?inoeoooe?eiiai cae??ieaiiy. Nooue aeaii? ooieoe?? caiaeeoueny aei
ii?aeiaiiy e?euee?niiai ? ye?niiai c?inoaiiy iieaoe i?aoe?, aei oaeiai
?? iiiaeaiiy, i?e yeiio ?nio? ia e?i?eia caeaaei?noue i?ae ??aiai iieaoe
i?aoe? ? ?? i?iaeoeoeai?noth, a a?eueo neeaaeia nenoaia caeaaeiinoae,
aea ca?iaeaeothoueny aioo??oi? ?iioeuene aeiiii?/iiai naii?icaeoeo,
ii/eia?oueny aeiiii?/ia c?inoaiiy. O?ainoi?iaoe?eia ooieoe?y
a?aeia?aaea? aca?iica’ycie, c iaeiiai aieo, i?ae nooiaiai ?ooo ia oeyoo
aei ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue, a c ae?oaiai aieo, – i?ae noaa?euei?noth ?
aeiiii?/iei c?inoaiiyi, ui caaacia/o? i?aeaeuaiiy aeioiae?a ? aeia?iaooo
ianaeaiiy.

Aiae?c ooieoe?e iieaoe i?aoe? aeicaieea ?ic?iaeoe ooieoe?iiaeueio
iiaeaeue iieaoe i?aoe? a o?aiceoeai?e aeiiii?oe?, a ye?e ciaeoee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy oe?eueiaa ni?yiiaai?noue ooi-

eoe?e, i?eioeeie, iai?yiee ? e?eoa??? ?aae?caoe?? (aeea. iae. 1).

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Aeioiaee a?ae aeaniino? ? i?aei?e?iieoeueei?
ae?yeueiino? a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie” ?ice?eo?
i?iaeaie o?ainoi?ioaaiiy aeaniino? ? ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeueei?
ae?yeueiino? a aniaeo? c?inoaiiy aeioiae?a a?ae ieo ye oaeoi?ieo
neeaaeiaeo ia noaae?? oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei a Oe?a?i?.

Ia?ao?ae aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee aeiaaa? ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei
aea?aeaaii? aeaniino? ? noai?aiiy noaeiai ?inoeoooo i?eaaoii? aeaniino?.
I?e oeueiio c?icoi?ei, ui ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie a?aeiinei aeaniino?
naiith o?niith i??ith iia’ycaii c io?eiaiiyi aeioiae?a noa’?eoaie
a?aeiinei i?eaeaniaiiy.

Aiae?c oiaeo oa ?acoeueoao?a ?icaea?aeaaeaiiy ? i?eaaoecaoe?? a Oe?a?i?
aeicaieea c?iaeoe e?eueea aeniiae?a. Ii-ia?oa, ?icaea?aeaaeaiiy ?
i?eaaoecaoe?y ia aeinyaee nai?? aeiiii?/ii? iaoe, ia noai?eee
aoaeoeaiiai aeanieea, ni?iiiaeiiai ca ei?ioeee ia??iae nooi?nii iiiaeoe
nenoaio oi?aae?iiy ? ?icaeaaoe ae?iaieoeoai. Ii-ae?oaa, i?eaaoecaoe?y
cae?enithaaeany aac iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii? eiioeaioe?? ca noeaia???i
caei?aeiiieo ?aaeiee?a, yeee ia a?aoiaoaaa oe?a?inueeeo ?aae?e oa
iaioaeeoaoo ia?iaea. Ii-o?ao?, aea?aeaaa a?ae?eoea a?ae ea??aieoeoaa
i?ioeanii i?eaaoecaoe??, ionoeea eiai ia iee?noue “iaaeaeeii? ?oee
?eieo”. Ii-/aoaa?oa, i?eaaoecaoe?y iaaoea no?eeiai
e?ei?iaeueii-ei?oiiiaaiiai oa?aeoa?o ? aeeeeanue a i?eoaaoecaoe?th oiai,
ui aoei noai?aii ia?iaeii ca e?eueea aeanyoe??/.

A oe?eiio ana oea i?eaaei aei ??cei? aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? a noi?euenoa?,
ianiaiai coaiae?iiy a?eueoi? /anoeie ianaeaiiy, aenieiai ??aiy
aac?ia?ooy, caoyaeii? aeiiii?/ii? e?ece.

Ca?ac ia?oi/a?aiaei caaaeaiiyi aea?aeaae ? niaoeeo?eaoe?y i?aa
aeaniino?, aac /iai ia iiaea i?ieoe noaiiaeaiiy ?inoeoooo i?eaaoii?
aeaniino?. I?aaa aeaniee?a iiaeii? aooe /?oei aecia/ai? ? aea?aeaaa
iiaeiia no?iai ne?aeeoe ca ?o aeiaea?aeaiiyi. Naia a oeueiio ? caii?oea
oiai, ui aeanieee ciiaeooue iaea?aeoaaoe aenie? io?oe?ei? aeioiaee, a
aea?aeaaiee athaeaeao aoaea aeinoaoi?i aeey ae??oaiiy nioe?aeueieo
i?iaeai e?a?ie.

I?iaeaia ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? aaaeeeaa ia naia ii nia?, a
?? nooue caiaeeoueny aei oiai, uia noai?eoe i?eaaoio aeani?noue ?
i?eaaoiee naeoi? aeiiii?ee ye ?aaeueio iniiao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei. Naia inoaii? ? oei iaiao?aeiei na?aaeiaeuai, yea iio??aia
aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy, c?inoaiiy eiai aeia?iaooo.

I?iaeaia aeioiae?a a?ae aeaniino? ia? aeaa aniaeoe. Ia?oee iieyaa? a
oiio, ui iiaeia i?iaiaeeoe aiae?c a ?aaeei? iiieoi??iao, oiaoi
?icaeyaeaoe noaoe/iee c??c aeioiae?a, aeoeaiooth/e oaaao ia o?i, ui ?.
Ae?oaee i?aeo?ae, ia iao iiaeyae, ? a?eueo aaaeeeaei. Nooue eiai a
oiio, ui oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a a?ae aeaniino? ?ice?eaa?oueny ye i?ioean c
aeyaeaiiyi i?e/ei no?eioaaiiy ?o ?inoo ? aecia/aiiy iai?yie?a
aeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee, ni?yiiaaii? ia c?inoaiiy aeioiae?a a?ae aeaniino?,
a cia/eoue ? ae??oaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo i?iaeai noni?euenoaa. A
oiiaao o?aiceoe?? ae?oaee i?aeo?ae ? a?eueo ii?aaaeaiei ? aeooaeueiei, a
iueiio o?eno?oueny ni?yiiaai?noue ia ci?ie ?inoeoooe?eii? no?oeoo?e ye
iniiae ? oiiae ?eieiaeo ?aoi?i.

Aeioiaee a?ae aeaniino? iiee ui neeaaeathoue iaioa 3% a aeioiaeao
aeiiiainiiaea?noa. Oiio ca?ac ua ?aii ?icaeyaeaoe oe? aeioiaee ye iaeei
?c iniiaieo oaeoi??a ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee. I?e/ei oiio, ye caea?oueny,
aea?: 1) ana ua iacia/aiith ? aeiey aeaniino? o a?eueoino? ianaeaiiy
e?a?ie. sse i?aaeei, ia’?eoaie aeaniino? ? iniaenoa oa n?iaeia iaeii,
aeeth/ath/e ae?i /e eaa?oe?o, ui ia iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny aeey
i?aeaeuaiiy aeioiae?a; 2) iaa?oue o? aa?noae ianaeaiiy, ui iathoue o
aeaniino? ia’?eoe ae?iaie/iai oa?aeoa?o, ia iiaeooue ?o aeei?enoiaoaaoe
a iiai?e i??? aeey iaea?aeaiiy aeioiae?a a neeo iacaaeia?eueiiai noaio
caeiiiaeaa/i? aace ? iaiii??iiai iiaeaoeiaiai oeneo. Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy
aeie? aeioiae?a a?ae aeaniino? a caaaeueieo aeioiaeao iio??aii ci?ieoe
aea?aeaaio iie?oeeo, ni?yioaaoe ?? ia noai?aiiy iaiao?aeieo oiia aeey
aoaeoeaiiai caeo/aiiy aeaniino? a aeiiii?/iee ia?a ia iniia? a?aooaaiiy
?ioa?an?a naieo aeaniee?a.

Aeey ca?eueoaiiy aeioiae?a a?ae aeaniino? iio??aii ae??oeoe ianooii?
i?iaeaie: i?aeaeueoe aoaeoeai?noue oi?aae?iiy aea?aeaaiith aeani?noth;
aaanoe a ae?th ?aaeueiee iaoai?ci aaie?oonoaa i?aei?e?inoa; iaaeaoe
iiaeeea?noue aaieai ye o?iainiai-e?aaeeoiei oeaio?ai ? ?aaeueiei
aeanieeai a?ioiaeo eioo?a eoioaaoe iaeaoe aeoe?e i?aei?e?inoa, ui
i?eaaoecothoueny; noai?eoe iaae?eiee iaoai?ci aea?aeaaieo aa?aio?e aeey
aeei?enoaiiy a?iiaaeyiaie nai?o caiuaaeaeaiue a yeino? ?iaanoeoe?e.

Iaeiei ?c iniiaieo iai?yie?a ?aae?caoe?? inieneaii? o?ainoi?iaoe??
iiaeiia noaoe oe?iea ?iciianthaeaeaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeoaa, yea iiaea
ci?ieoe neooaoe?th a aeiiii?oe?, noi?ioaaoe na?aaei?e eean ye iniiao
iie?oe/ii? ? nioe?aeueii? noaa?eueiino? noni?euenoaa. I?aei?e?iieoeuee?
cae?aiino? i?eiinyoue i?aei?e?iieoeueeee i?eaooie ? noathoue aaaeeeaei
oaeoi?ii ae?iaieoeoaa. Nioe?aeueia cia/aiiy i?aei?e?iieoeoaa iieyaa? a
oiio, ui, iath/e ca iaoo iaea?aeaiiy i?eaooeo, aiii ni?ey? ?icaeoeo
aeiiii?ee, a cia/eoue ? anueiai noni?euenoaa.

I?aei?e?iieoeueeee i?eaooie ?aaeueii ?nio? ye oi?ia aeioiae?a a?ae
?aae?caoe?? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo cae?aiinoae, ui i?iyaeythoueny a
?eceeiaeo iiaiaaaaeaiiyo ia iniia? ia?aaeaa/aiiy ci?i niiaeea/iai
iiieoo.

I?aei?e?iieoeoai iaiao?aeii ?icaeyaeaoe ye iaea?eueo iaa?oioiaaiee oeyo
ae??oaiiy nioe?aeueieo i?iaeai /a?ac i?aeaeuaiiy aeioiae?a ia eeoa naieo
i?aei?e?ioe?a, aea ? an?o oeo i?aoe?aiee?a ? /eai?a ?o n?iae, ye?
aa?ooue o/anoue a “?aae?caoe?? iiaeo eiia?iaoe?e”, cai?iiiiiaaieo
i?aei?e?ioeyie. Oea cia/eoue, ui /a?ac ?icaeoie i?aei?e?iieoeoaa iiaeia
ae??ooaaoe oae? aeooaeuei? caaaeaiiy, ye ciaioaiiy nioe?aeueii?
aeeoa?aioe?aoe??, i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy oa yeino? aeeooy, ?icaa?oaiiy
a?aeiinei ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa, noni?eueiiai aeciaiiy a?ciano, i?aeaeuaiiy
eiai nioe?aeueii? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ni?aae a e?a?i?. Aac oe?ieiai
?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa iaiiaeeeai iiaoaeoaaoe nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaio
?eieiao nenoaio, aeeoe c e?eciaiai noaio.

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “Nioe?ae?ciaai? aeioiaee a o?anoi?iaoe?ei?e
aeiiii?oe?” ?icaeyaeathoueny iai?yiee noai?aiiy nioe?ae?ciaaieo
aeioiae?a, a?aei?noue ? nioe?aeueia ni?aaaaeeea?noue, iain?eia ?aoi?ia ?
nioe?aeueia caoeuai?noue.

A?aei?noue – yaeua caaaeueiiethaenueea: o?einionueea ? aeiiii?/ia,
iie?oe/ia ? nioe?aeueia. Aiii ?nio? a na?oiaiio aeiiii?/iiio i?inoi??, a
oiio /ene? ? a Oe?a?i?. A?aei?noue noa? caa?icith a neeo ?? ianiaino? ?
aeeaeie, iino?eii c?inoath/eo ianooaa?a ? caoyaiaiiy aei ia?
i?aoeacaeaoiiai, i?aoethth/iai ? ina?/aiiai ianaeaiiy. A iaea?eueo
caaaeueiiio aeaeyae? a?aei?noue iiaeia aecia/eoe ianooiiei /eiii: oea
oaeee ??aaiue aeioiae?a ?iaeea?aea, yeee ia aeicaiey? eiio i?aeo?eioaaoe
i?i?iaeueiee ??aaiue niiaeeaaiiy, caaacia/oaaoe caaeiaieaiiy o?ce/ieo ?
nioe?aeueieo iio?aa ia ??ai? ii?iaiaiai niiaeeaaiiy.

A i?aeoeoe? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeei?enoiaothoueny
??ci? e?eoa??? aecia/aiiy a?aeiino? (aaniethoiee, a?aeiiniee,
noa’?eoeaiee, ca no?oeoo?ith aeo?ao, ?ano?niee).

I?e ?ic?iaoe? i?ia?aie ai?ioueae c a?aei?noth iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe
i?e/eie, ui ?? ii?iaeaeothoue, ? iai?aaeoe coneeey ia ?o onoiaiiy /e
iii’yeoaiiy yeeiinue caoiaeaie nioe?aeueiiai oa?aeoa?o.

I?e/eie a?aeiino? iaie eeaneo?eiaai? ia o?e aaeeeeo a?oie: 1)
o?ainoi?iaoe?ei? (aeeaeia ? o?eaae?noue e?ece, ?aa?iiaeuei?,
aeaiia?ao?/i?, aaeaioeaii-noa’?eoeai? oa ?i.); 2) ?eieia? (iaoai?ci
oaeoi?iiai ?iciiae?eaiiy aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy); 3) caaaeueiiaeiiii?/i?
(??aaiue ? oa?aeoa? ?icaeoeo i?iaeoeoeaieo nee e?a?ie, caei?ia’y ?
i?e?iaei? cae?aiino? ?iaeea?aea, e?euee?noue oo?eiaioe?a oa ?i.).

Iayai?noue a?aeiino? a ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe? caeiiii??ii noaaeoue ieoaiiy:
/e ni?aaaaeeeai oea? Ia?eoe i?iaeaio nioe?aeueii? ni?aaaaeeeaino? i?e
aiae?c? ?eieiaiai iaoai?cio ?iciiae?eo aeioiae?a iaiiaeeeai. A
aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeothoueny ??ci? i?aeoiaee aei ioe?iee
ni?aaaaeeeaino?: aaae?oa?iee, ?ioeneinueeee, ooee?oa?iee, ?eieiaee oa
?i. I?aaenoaaeai? iiaeyaee, ca iaoith aeoieith, no?aaeaeathoue
ii?ooaiiyi i?eioeeia ?aeeinoaa a?aeiinei ?icae?eaiino? oa noi?niino? ia
ei?enoue iaei??? ?c noi??i. Nioe?aeueia ni?aaaaeeea?noue iiaeiia
a?aeia?aaeaoe ??aiiaaao i?ae ?icae?eai?noth oa noi?ni?noth. ?icaeyioaoe
aeieeaaeii eiaeio ?c noi??i, ie ae?eoee aeniiaeo, ui /a?ac iaoai?ci ?o
ocaiaeaeaiiy iiaeia aeinyaaoe anoaiiaeaiiy ni?aaaaeeeaino?. C aeaieo
iiceoe?e iiaeia aeaoe ianooiia aecia/aiiy: nioe?aeueia ni?aaaaeeea?noue
? neeaaeia ?eieiaa ??aiiaaaa i?ae naiaiaeith ? ??ai?noth,
?icae?eaii-noi?ni? a?aeiineie ?iaeea?aea ? noni?euenoaa a noaiiaeaii?
ni?aaaeiueiai nioe?aeueiiai ni?aoiaa?enoaa. sseui naiaiaea a?aee?eaa?
i?ino?? aeey aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?, oi ??ai?noue – aeey nioe?aeueii?
aoaeoeaiino?. ??aiiaaaa i?ae ieie ? noai iaenei?caoe?? aeiiii?/iiai
aoaeoo c iaoith iiaeaeueoiai

?oo aei nioe?aeueii? ni?aaaaeeeaino? – oea o?eaaeee aaiethoe?eiee oeyo
?icaeoeo nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaiiai ainiiaea?noaa, oea iiaeeaeaiiy
nioe?aeueii? neeaaeiai? aea?aeaae, a?ciano, ?inoeooo?a a?iiaaeyinueeiai
noni?euenoaa.

Oaeee noai ciaoiaeeoue nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy a nenoai? nioe?aeueieo
o?ainoa?o?a: ?o ??ai?, yeino?, aae?aniino? ? nioe?aeuei?e caoeuaiino?
ianaeaiiy.

A aeena?oaoe?? aeaoaeueii aeine?aeaeo?oueny ?noi??y noaiiaeaiiy ?
aeina?ae ?icaeoeo nioe?aeueieo o?ainoa?o?a ? nioe?aeueiiai caoenoo
ianaeaiiy. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia i?iaeaiai noaiiaeaiiy iiai? ?ie?
aea?aeaae a noai?aii? nenoaie nioe?aeueiiai caoenoo ianaeaiiy a
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe?, ?ic?iaoe? iiaeo nioe?aeueieo i?ia?ai – aeiiiiiae
aac?ia?oiei, aeeoeiaeo noaneae?e, aeiiiiiae iaeicaaacia/aiei
a?iiaaeyiai. A oiiaao ianiaiai coaiae?iiy ianaeaiiy ia aea?aeaao
iieeaaea?oueny aaeeea o?iainiaa iaaaioaaeaiiy, c yeei aiia ia a ciic?
ni?aaeoeny. Oiio aiia i?aaia ca?eueieoeny a?ae oeo ooieoe?e, ye? ia
i?eoaiaii? ?e a ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?. Oeei iiaeia iiynieoe i?enei?aio
?aoi?io aeeoea ? eiioiaeueieo iineoa. Aea iecueea aoaeoeai?noue
i?iaaaeaieo caoiae?a coiiaeaia iaieaoaaeani?iiiaei?noth ianaeaiiy a
oiiaao iaae?iiy ?aaeueieo aeioiae?a.

Iaea?eueo neeaaeiith eaieith an??? nenoaie nioe?aeueiiai caoenoo
ianaeaiiy a aeaiee iiiaio, ia iaoo aeoieo, ? iain?eia caaacia/aiiy.
Aeooaeuei?noue iain?eii? ?aoi?ie ia aeeeeea? noii?a?a. A ?iaio?
aeae?eaii ? i?iaiae?ciaaii aea? a?oie i?e/ei, ui coiiaeththoue ??: 1)
o?iainiai-?iciiae?eue/? ? 2) aeaiia?ao?/i?. Aiae?c iayaieo i?aeoiae?a
a?aeiinii ci?noo caii/aoeiaaii? iain?eii? ?aoi?ie aeicaiey? c?iaeoe
aeniiaie ii?i oa, ui ieoaiiy i?i ??aaiue a?ae?aooaaiue a iain?eiee
oiiae, i?i iaoai?ci iaeiie/aiiy eioo?a, i?i aea?aeaaia iain?eia
no?aooaaiiy oa ?i. eiioeaioe?eii ia ocaiaeaeai? c naiith aeo?aeiith
aacith a?ae?aooaaiue. Aiia nueiaiaei? iane?eueee iacia/ia, ui etha?
a?ae?aooaaiiy a?ae ia? aoaeooue i?ca?ieie. Iaiao?aeii ca?eueoeoe aaco
oeeo a?ae?aooaaiue. Oea cia/eoue, ui iaiao?aeii i?iaaaeaiiy ?aoi?ie
ca?ia?oii? ieaoe, an??? nenoaie aeioiae?a iaeii/anii aai iaa?oue
oia?aaeaeoth/? ae?? a ie?aieo iai?yieao iain?eii? ?aoi?ie.

O i’yoiio ?icae?e? “Iioei?caoe?y no?oeoo?e noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy
ye i?aaeoiiaa caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? aaciaee iniaenoino? ?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa” ?ice?eaathoueny ieoaiiy
no?oeoo?e noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe?,
iaiao?aei?noue ?? iioei?caoe??, aeyaeaii aieea ia?a?iciiae?eue/eo
i?ioean?a ia no?oeoo?o aeioiae?a, cai?iiiiiaaii ?ioaa?aeueii-aano?aeoio
iiaeaeue iioei?caoe?? aeioiae?a.

Noeoii? aeioiaee ianaeaiiy – oea neeaaeiee eiiieaen
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei c oi?ioaaiiy a?ioiaeo, iaoo?aeueieo
eioo?a ? iineoa, ui a?aeie?aieeeny a yeino? naiino?eieo aeaea?ae aeey
i?aeo?eiee ?noi?e/ii coiiaeaiiai ??aiy niiaeeaaiiy iaoa??aeueieo ?
aeooiaieo aeaa, ui iaaeoiaeyoue ?iaeea?aeo c aecia/aiith
ia??iaee/i?noth.

I?iaaaeai? ??ci? c??ce aeine?aeaeaiiy noeoiieo aeioiae?a:

– a?ioia?, iaoo?aeuei? aeioiae? ? iineoae;

– iii?iaeuei? ? ?aaeuei?;

– aaeia? ? o?, ye? ? a ?icii?yaeaeaii?;

– iioi/i? ? i/?eoaai?;

– oaeoi?i? (a?ae i?aoe?, aeaniino?, i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?);

– nioe?aeuei? o?ainoa?oe;

– noa’?eoeaii ioe?ii/i?.

Oea aeicaieeei iaea?eueo iiaii aeyaeoe aiiiaeuei? yaeua a no?oeoo??
aeioiae?a ? iieacaoe a?aei?iiino? ?aaeueii? no?oeoo?e aeioiae?a a?ae
iioeiaeueii?.

Iioeiaeueia no?oeoo?a aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy, ia iao iiaeyae,
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny anoaiiaeaiith ?eieii ??aiiaaaith a?aeiinei
?icae?eueiino? ? noi?niino?, yea aeicaiey? eiaeiiio noa’?eoo ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei iaeneiaeueii iiaii iaea?aeoaaoe aeioiaee a?ae iayaieo o iueiai
oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa i?e iaeii/aniiio c?inoaii? caaeiaieaiiy noni?eueii
cia/eieo iio?aa anueiai ianaeaiiy.

Iecueeee ??aaiue aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe?
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ?o ??ceith aeeoa?aioe?aoe??th, yea a e?eueea ?ac?a
ia?aaeuo? aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th aeioiae?a a ?icaeiaieo e?a?iao. Iniiaiith
i?e/eiith oeueiai noaee ia?a?iciiae?eue/? i?ioeane, ui neeaeeny a oiiaao
?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?ee. Aaaeeeaeie ?ino?oiaioaie
ia?a?iciiae?eo aeioiae?a noaee ?ioeyoe?y, i?eaaoecaoe?y, o?iacaoe?y.

Iaei??th ?c oeaio?aeueieo i?iaeai i?ioeana oi?ioaaiiy aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy i?e ia?aoiae? aei ?eieo ? iioei?caoe?y no?oeoo?e aeioiae?a.
I?e oeueiio ca aaciao iioeiaeueio no?oeoo?o noeoiieo aeioiae?a
ianaeaiiy ?eieiaiai oeio iiaeia acyoe oa?aeoa?io aeey ?icaeiooeo e?a?i
no?oeoo?o, ui iaea?aeaia ia iniia? aii??e/iiai niinoa?aaeaiiy. Iacaaii
oeth no?oeoo?o ?ioa?aaeueii-aano?aeoiith iiaeaeeth ? iiaeaii ?? o
aeaeyae? ianooiii? oaaeeoe?.

?ioa?aaeueii-oaeoi?iee ?iciiae?e noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy aeicaiey?
aiaaieoeny a ae??aino? oaeoi?iiai i?eioeeia noai?aiiy aeioiae?a a
?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?. Naia oeae i?eioeei iaenei?co? a?aeaea/o a?ae
eiaeiiai oaeoi?a ae?iaieoeoaa ca?aeii ?o a?aie/ii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?. A
neeo oeueiai noai?th?oueny ??aiiaaaiaee aoaeo ?aoe?iiaeueiiai,
aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy ?ano?n?a noni?euenoaa aeey aeinyaiaiiy
?icae?eaii-noi?nieo ?ioa?an?a ye aeaniee?a ?ano?n?a, oae ? noni?euenoaa
a oe?eiio.

Cai?iiiiiaaia oaaee/ia iiaeaeue ? aoaeiiii aeiiii?ee ?eieiaiai oeio, aei
yeiai iiaeiia iaaeeaeaoeny ia?ao?aeia aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie. I?i no?oeoo?o
noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy Oe?a?ie ca?ac na?ae/aoue aeai? oaaeeoe? 2.

Oaaeeoey 1.

?ioa?aaeueiee ?iciiae?e noeoiiiai aeioiaeo ianaeaiiy a aeiiii?oe?
?eieiaiai oeio ca oaeoi?aie

?ioa?aaeueiee ?iciiae?e noeoiiiai aeioiaeo

ianaeaiiy Oe?a?ie ca oaeoi?aie

Ia iniia? aeo?aeieo oaaeeoeue ? ?o ni?anoaaeaiiy iiaeia cai?iiiioaaoe
ianooii? aea? iiaeae? noeoiieo aeioiae?a ianaeaiiy (NAeI): aoaeiiio ?
?aaeueio.

Yoaeiiia iiaeaeue NAeI:

TRY = RLY + RkY +RcY +RiY, (1)

aea TRY – noeoii? aeioiaee;

RLY – aeioiaee a?ae i?aoe?;

RkY – aeioiaee a?ae eai?oaeo ? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo cae?aiinoae;

RcY – nioe?aeuei? o?ainoa?oe;

RiY – ?io? aeioiaee.

I?e oeueiio

60

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