.

Формування логічних умінь учнів основної школи: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / О.І. Федоренко, Ін-т педагогіки АПН України. — К., 1999. — 16 с. — у

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?INOEOOO IAAeAAIA?EE AII OE?A?IE

OAeE 37.018.4

OI?IOAAIIss EIA?*IEO OI?IUe O*I?A

INIIAII? OEIEE

13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai

nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a -1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? caaaeueii? ineoieia?? oa iaaeaaia?ee
Oi?aa?neoaoo aioo??oi?o ni?aa IAN Oe?a?ie, i.Oa?e?a

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe.th i?ioani? Oth??ia
Aaeaioeia Ieaenaiae??aia, cia/aeueiee eaoaae?e caaaeueii? ineoieia?? oa
iaaeaaaia?ee

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe

ue Aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Iaeaia?/oe Aaeaioeia Oaaei??aia,
?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie, aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
eaai?aoi??? iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo.

ue Eaiaeeaeao ineoieia?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee Eenaiei
Aaeaioeia Iao??aia, I?aceae?y AII Oe?a?ie, a/aiee nae?aoa? a?aeae?eaiiy

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa

ue Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, eaoaae?a
iaaeaaia?ee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe, i. Ee?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 23 ea?oiy 1999 ?ieo ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.452.01 a ?inoeooo? iaaeaaia?ee AII
Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith 254053, i.Ee?a, aoe. A?oaia, 52-A.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?aeae?e? ani??aioo?e.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 23 aa?aciy 1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
I.I. Eaaeee

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA

Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. A oiiaao aeaiie?aoecaoe?? noni?euenoaa,
?icaoaeiae iacaeaaeii? Oe?a?ie, a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e
oa aeooiaiino? iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaa? i?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy o
ethaeeie ooiaeaiaioaeueii? iniaeno?nii? yeino? – naiino?eiino?.
?icacycaiiy oe??? aaaeeeai? caaea/? iiacycaii c i?aeaeuaiiyi ina?oiueiai
? eoeueoo?iiai ??aiy o/i?a oa yeino? ?o ciaiue, ye? iathoue a?oiooaaoeny
ia ?icaeiaiiio ieneaii?. O oeueiio ca’yceo oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue
ni?ey? ?icaeoeo i?ciaaaeueii? aeoeaiino? ? naiino?eiino?, aeicaiey?
cae?enithaaoe iiina?aaeeiaaia i?ciaiiy oeyoii i??eoaaiiy e iiaoaeiae
oiiaeaiae?a.

Iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie iia?aoe?yie ? ae?yie iiaeeeaa o?eueee a i?ioean?
naiino?eiiai ?ica’ycaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/, cie?aia, c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Ciaiiy, iaea?aeai? a ?acoeueoao? aeeiiaiiy
eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e oa ae?e, a eia?oe? iaceaathoue “oiiaea?aeieie
ciaiiyie”, ye? ii?iaeaeothoueny oeyoii i??eoaaiiy, iiaoaeiae oiiaeaiae?a
oa aeeiiaiiy eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e oa ae?e, ye? cae?eniththoueny ca
caeiiaie eia?ee.

Iaaeaaia?/i? aniaeoe i?iaeaie i?aai?caoe?? naiino?eii? i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? aena?oeai? a aeie?aeaeaiiyo E.I. A??noiai?, Ae.A.
A?eueea?aa, I.I. Aeai?eiaa, E.I. Aeiaea?aa, A.?. Ei?ioy?aa, ?.ss.
Ea?ia?a, A.O.Iaeaia?/oe, I.?. I?aeeanenoiai, I.I.Iieiai?eiai?,
I.ss.Naa/aiei, A.I.Oth??ii?, ?.O.Oaaei?aiea oa ?io.

Aeaye? aniaeoe oe??? i?iaeaie aea/aeenue a/aieie-eia?eaie: Ae.I.
Ai?nueeei, I.?. Ea?einueeei, I.?. Eiiaeaeiaei, I.I. Iaeueieeiaei, A.I.
Iocaiiaei, E.A. ?ooeianueeei, I.N. No?iaiae/ai, I.O. Na?aa?yiieeiaei.

O ae?aeaeoe/i?e eia?oe? ie?ai? ieoaiiy, iiacycai? c iaea?aeaiiyi
ciaiue oeyoii i??eoaaiue, oiiaeaiae?a, aeine?aeaeoaaeenue oaeeie a/aieie
ye AE.I. Aaae?eueae?i, E.?.?aaiiaa, A.I. Eaae?ia, I.A. Eiii?i, C.I.
I?oaeaeaa, A.A. Naa/i?eia, I.I. Oaiooe?i oa ?io.

Iaai? aniaeoe i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy i?eeii?a ?icoiiai?, a oiio /ene? e
eia?/ii?, ae?yeueiino? ?icaeyaeaeenue aeine?aeieeaie-ineoieiaaie I.ss
Aaeueia??iei, ?.E.Aieaioii, ?.I.Eaaaiiaith-Iaee??, C.?.Eaeieeiaith,
I.I.Eaiioue?aei, I.I.Iai/einueeith, A.O.?aenueeei, N.E.?oa?iooaeiii,
I.O.Oaeec?iith, A.A.Oniaith.

C iaoith oaeineiiaeaiiy ci?noo ? ?acoeueoao?a iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano
iaaeaaiae oa ineoieiae A.I.Aaee, A.?.Caaayceinueeee, N.O.AEoeeia,
?.ss.Ea?ia?, I.?.Iaoiooia, A.I.Oth??ia oa ?io? o nai?o aeine?aeaeaiiyo
caa?oathoueny aei aeei?enoaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/, ye?
a?aeia?aaeathoue ye ci?noiao, oae ? i?ioeanoaeueio noi?iie i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino?.

Iaei??th c oiia aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue ? aeeth/aiiy

oeiey??a o aeoeaio iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueio ae?yeuei?noue ??ciiai ??aiy
naiino?eiino?, a iaeiei c aeae?a caaaeaiue, ui i?iiiiothoueny o/iyi aeey
naiino?eiiai aeeiiaiiy, ? naia i?ciaaaeuei? caaea/?.

Iaeiae i?e an?e iaoeia?e cia/ouino? cacia/aieo i?aoeue a ieo ia ciaeoee
iaeaaeiiai ?ice?eooy ieoaiiy:

1) i?i aieea iniaeeainoae i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? ia oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue;

2) i?i nooi?noue, no?oeoo?o oa ooieoe?? ciaiue, ye? ? ?acoeueoaoii
aeeiiaiiy eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e ? ae?e;

3) i?i aieea aeei?enoaiiy a i?ioean? iaa/aiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo
caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi ia oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo
oi?iue oa ye?noue canai?iiy ciaiue, ui iaea?aeai? a ?acoeueoao?
aeeiiaiiy eia?/ieo ii?aoe?e oa ae?e;

4) i?i aieea ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue ia canai?iiy ciaiue oa
oi?ioaaiiy yeinoae iniaenoino? o/iy.

Cacia/ai? oaeoi?e coiiaeee aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue o ?aieao oaie iaoeiaiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy eaoaae?e caaaeueii? ineoieia?? oa iaaeaaia?ee
Oi?aa?neoaoo aioo??oi?o ni?aa IAN Oe?a?ie “Oi?ioaaiiy i?ciaaaeueii?
aeoeaiino? ? i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? o/i?a ? nooaeaio?a”.

Iac?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a a i?ioean?
?ica”ycaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – oai?aoe/ii iaa?oiooaaoe ? aenia?eiaioaeueii
aeine?aeeoe aieea i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?
o/i?a c aeiiiiiaith nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi ia oi?ioaaiiy ?o eia?/ieo oi?iue.

A?iioaca: i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a c
aeiiiiiaith nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi
caaacia/o? nenoaiaoe/ia aeeth/aiiy o/i?a o aeoeaio
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueio ae?yeuei?noue uiaei aeeiiaiiy eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e
oa ae?e, ui ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith eia?/ieo oi?iue oa iaae/ie.

Aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe oa ia?aa??ea a?iioace aeiaaathoue
?icacycaiiy oaeeo caaaeaiue:

1.Ia iniia? aiae?co oai??? oa i?aeoeee oi?ioaaiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo
oi?iue oa iaae/ie ?ice?eoe nooi?noue ? cia/aiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue;
?ice?eoe ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue.

2.Aecia/eoe oeyoe oa caniae oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a; aeyaeoe
e?eoa??? oa iieacieee noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue .

3.?ice?eoe caeaaei?noue oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue a?ae iniaeeainoae
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a; iaa?oiooaaoe
iaiao?aei?noue aeei?enoaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi ye caniao ?aoe?iiaeueii? i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo
oi?iue.

4.?ic?iaeoe nenoaio i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ye caniao i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue.

5.Aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe aieea cacia/aii? nenoaie caaea/ ia
aoaeoeai?noue oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a.

6.?ic?iaeoe iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo
oi?iue.

Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue: oai??y i?ciaiiy,
caaaeueiio?einionuee? iieiaeaiiy oai??? ? i?aeoeee, ae?aeaeoe/iee
aca?iicacycie iac?eoeaieo ? noac?eoeaieo oaeoi??a ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?;
nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei oe?e?nieo iaaeaaia?/ieo i?ioean?a ? yaeu;
iniaenoi-ae?yeuei?niee i?aeo?ae aei oi?ioaaiiy iniaenoino?, ?icaeoeo
?iaeea?aeoaeueiino?; i?eioeei ?aeiino? na?aeiiino? ? ae?yeueiino?,
iieiaeaiiy caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i ina?oo”, Aea?aeaaii? iaoe?iiaeueii?
i?ia?aie “Ina?oa” (“Oe?a?ia OO? noie?ooy”).

Oai?aoe/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue iieiaeaiiy, ye?
aacothoueny ia aca?iicacyceo iaa/aiiy ? ?icaeoeo (E.A. Caieia);
a?aeiia?aeiino? iaoe ci?noo ina?oe (N.O. Aii/a?aiei, A.A. E?a?anueeee,
I.A. Ie/eaei, I.I. Neaoe?i); oai??y ci?noo ina?oe oa eiai eiiiiiaio?a
(?.E. AEo?aaeueia, E.ss Ci??ia, ?.ss. Ea?ia?, A.?.Eoaiaee); oai??y
oi?ioaaiiy oi?iue oa iaae/ie (Ae.I. Aiaiyaeainueeee, ?.I.
Eaaaiiaa-Iaee??, I.I. Iai/einueea); oai??y iiaoaiiiai oi?ioaaiiy
?icoiiaeo ae?e (I.ss. Aaeueia??i).

Aeey ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue ? ia?aa??ee a?iioace aoee
aeei?enoai? oae? iaoiaee:

a) oai?aoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o: aiae?c iaoeiai?, iaoiaee/ii? e?oa?aoo?e c
i?iaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy; aiae?c oa ocaaaeueiaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeaieo, eeaneo?eaoe?y, ii??aiyiiy; aiae?c ia?aaeiaiai iaaeaaia?/iiai
aeina?aeo ? i?aeoeee a/eoae?a;

a) aii??e/iiai oa?aeoa?o: ae?aaiinoe/i? iaoiaee (aieaooaaiiy, aan?aee);
nioe?iiao?e/i? iaoiaee; iana?aaoe?ei? iaoiaee (i?yia, iia?/ia ?
aeeth/aia niinoa?aaeaiiy); i?iaiinoe/i? iaoiaee (ocaaaeueiaiiy
iacaeaaeieo oa?aeoa?enoee, iiaeaethaaiiy); aenia?eiaioaeuei? iaoiaee
(ae?aaiinoe/iee, eiinoaooth/ee, oi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaioe).

I?aai?caoe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue iiaoaiii.

Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1994-1995 ?.?.) aea/aeanue iaaeaaia?/ia,
ineoieia?/ia oa o?einionueea e?oa?aoo?a, a oaeiae aeine?aeaeaiiy eia?ee
i?iaeaie, aiae?coaaany aeina?ae a/eoae?a; i?iaiaeeany eiinoaooth/ee oa
i???ioiaiee aenia?eiaioe ia aac? 7-8 eean?a caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee ?
150 i. Oa?eiaa; ?ic?iaeyeanue nenoaia i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1995-1997 ?.?.) ia iniia? aiae?co aeine?aeaeaiue c
aeaii? i?iaeaie ? ocaaaeueiaiiy iaeiie/aiiai aeina?aeo, nie?ath/enue ia
?ic?iaee iaaeaaia?a, ineoieia?a, eia?e?a, i?iaiaeeeanue
aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa uiaei oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a oeyoii
?icacycaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi, aeine?aeaeoaaany aieea oeeo oi?iue ia oi?ioaaiiy
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? oeiey??a oa ye?noue canai?iiy ciaiue.

?acoeueoaoe oeueiai aoaio aenia?eiaioo a?aeia?aaeai? o a?aeiia?aeieo
ioae?eaoe?yo.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1997-1998 ?.?.) noaaeeinue ca iaoo cae?enieoe
ai?iaaoe?th iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a ? ai?iaaaeeoe ?o o i?aeoeeo.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeyaeyeenue oiiae, ui ni?eythoue aoaeoeaiiio
aeei?enoaiith nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ye caniao i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue. Aoei i?iaaaeaii 643
caiyooy, ioiieaii aenia?eiaioaeueiith ?iaioith 240 o/i?a.

Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe ciaeoee nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy o
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo, 7 noaooyo oa ?ioeo ioae?eaoe?yo.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oai?aoe/iiio
iaa?oiooaaii? oa ooi/iaii? nooiino? iiiyooy “eia?/i? oi?iiy”;
aecia/aii? eia?/ieo i?eeii?a?, ye? caaacia/othoue iaea?aeaiiy iiaeo
ciaiue; ?ice?eoo? ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iniia oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo
oi?iue; aeyaeaii? oiia, ui aieeaathoue ia aoaeoeai?noue canai?iiy
eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e oa ae?e; a ?ic?iaoe? nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi; a iaa?oiooaaii? iaiao?aeiino? niaoe?aeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a c aeiiiiiaith
nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi c iaoith
oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue; a ?ic?iaoe? e?eoa???a ioe?iee ??ai?a
noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui iieacaii
aca?iica’ycie ? aca?iicaeaaei?noue i?ae iniaeeainoyie i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a, oi?ioaaiiyi ?o
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? oa aoaeoeai?noth oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy: iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/iiai oa
aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiue ? ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia i?ciaaaeueieo
caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi iiaeooue aooe canoiniaai? a
oe?euei?e i?aeoeoe? c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue; ?ic?iaeaia
iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? iiaea aooe
canoiniaaia c iaoith ?icaeoeo eia?/iiai ieneaiiy oeiey??a.

Ca iaoa??aeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaii ? ai?iaaaeaeaii a i?aeoeeo
iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? “Oi?ioaaiiy i?eeii?a iaea?aeaiiy oiiaea?aeieo
ciaiue”.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? a ooi/iaii? nooiino? iiiyoue “eia?/i?
oi?iiy”, ?ice?eoo? i?ioeano iaea?aeaiiy ciaiue oeyoii oiiaeaiaeo;
aecia/aii? eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?o iaea?aeaiiy; aeyaeaii? oiia aoaeoeaiiai
oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue, ?o canai?iiy oa ca’yceo c oi?ioaaiiyi
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?; ?ic?iaoe? ? ai?iaaaeaeaii? iaoiaee/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?
ca aeiiiiiaith nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi c
iaoith canai?iiy o/iyie eia?/ieo niinia?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? oa
oi?ioaaiiy i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ye yeino? iniaenoino?.

A??ia?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy caaacia/oaaeanue iii?ith ia
iaoeiao iaoiaeieia?th i?e ?ic?iaoe? aeo?aeieo iieiaeaiue, ?aei?noth
oai?aoe/iiai oa aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiue; ?aae?caoe??th
niaoe?aeueii ?ic?iaeaii? nenoaie iaaeaaia?/ieo caaaeaiue, aaeaeaaoieo
i?e?iae? yaeua, ui aea/a?oueny, ? caaaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy; ii?aeiaiiyi
e?euee?niiai oa ye?niiai aiae?co iaea?aeaieo aeaieo, iiaiioith ?
noaoenoe/iith cia/ou?noth aii??e/iiai iaoa??aeo; canoinoaaiiyi eiiieaeno
aeiaeaoeiaeo iaoiae?a, ui aca?iiaeiiiaiththoue iaeei iaeiiai; nenoaiiei
aiae?cii oai?aoe/iiai ? aii???/iiai iaoa??ae?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a a i?aeoeeo. I?i ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy ie aeiiia?aeaee ia i?aeia?iaeieo, iaeanieo ?
i?aeaoc?anueeeo iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo ? nai?ia?ao: i.
*a?i?a?a, i. Ee?a, i. Neioa?iiieue (1994-1998 ?.?.); iniiai? oai?aoe/i?
iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee iaaiai?thaaeenue ia can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e
caaaeueii? ineoieia?? ? iaaeaaia?ee Oi?aa?neoaoo aioo??oi?o ni?aa
i.Oa?eiaa.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy o i?aeoeeo cae?enithaaeinue
i?ioyaii 1994-1998 ?.?., ci?no yeeo iioae?eiaaiee a 7 noaooyo ?
iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo, ye? ?ic?iaeai? ia iniia? ocaaaeueiaiiy
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeei?enoiaothoueny a na?aaei?o
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oeieao i. Oa?eiaa.

Ioae?eaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaaii o 8 ?iaioao, a oiio
/ene? a 3-o aeaeaiiyo, cao?eniaaieo a AAE Oe?a?ie (na?aae ieo 1 noaooy o
iaoeiaiio aeo?iae?, 3 – o ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, 2 – o iaoa??aeao
eiioa?aioe?e oa 1 iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??).

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a aei ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae ? 18 aeiaeaoe?a. ?iaioa ia? ca ianyaii 233 noi??iee, 20
oaaeeoeue, 8 a?noia?ai, 230 iaeiaioaaiue a nieneo aeei?enoaieo
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/aii
i?iaeaio, iac?eo, i?aaeiao, iaoo, caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy,
iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao ? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaoeiao iiaecio,
oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy, noi?ioeueiaaii iieiaeaiiy, ye?
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “I?IAEAIA OI?IOAAIIss EIA?*IEO OI?IUe A
INEOIEIAI-IAAeAAIA?*I?E E?OA?AOO??, EIA?Oe? ? I?AEOEOe? OEIEE” –
?ice?eaa?oueny nooi?noue iiiyoue “eia?/i? oi?iiy”, no?oeoo?a i?ioeano
iaea?aeaiiy iiaeo ciaiue oeyoii oiiaeaiaeo, cae?eniaiiy eia?/ieo
iia?aoe?e oa ae?e; ?o aca?iica’ycie; ?icaeyaeathoueny o?einionuee?,
ineoieia?/i? ? iaaeaaia?/i? aniaeoe i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue;
oiiae, ui ni?eythoue aoaeoeaiiio iaieiae?iith eia?/ieie niiniaaie
?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino?; ooieoe?? oa cia/aiiy aeuacacia/aieo oi?iue;
anoaiiaeaii oa iaa?oioiaaii cacycie i?ae i?ioeanii canai?iiy eia?/ieo
oi?iue ? oi?ioaaiiyi i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?, ye yeino? iniaenoino?;
iaa?oioiaaii iaiao?aei?noue niaoe?aeueii? i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a c aeiiiiiaith nenoaie
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy
eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a; aecia/aii e?eoa??? oa iieacieee noi?iiaaiino?
eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a; ?ic?iaeaii iiaeaeue ae?yeueiino? o/i?a oa o/eoaey
uiaei oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue.

Oi?ioaaiiy oi?iue, cie?aia, eia?/ieo cae?enith?oueny c iaoith
iaieiae?iiy iiaeie ciaiiyie. Aea aaaeeeaei ? ia no?eueee ciaiiy nai? ii
nia?, ne?eueee iiaeeea?noue, oi?iiy aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?o aeey iaea?aeaiiy
iiaeo ciaiue. Ciaiiy, ui iaea?aeothoueny oeyoii oiiaeaiaeo, cae?eniaiiy
eia?/ieo ae?e, a eia?oe? iaceaathoue oiiaea?aeieie ciaiiyie. Aiae?c
e?oa?aoo?e iieacaa, ui i?ioean ?o iaea?aeaiiy neeaaea?oueny c oaeeo
eiiiiiaio?a: ii/aoeia? (iayai?) ciaiiy (iiiyooy, noaeaeaiiy),
iaa?oioiaoth/? ciaiiy (caeiie, i?aaeea, oai?aie ? o.?.), eia?/i? i?eeiie
(aiae?c, neioac, ii??aiyiiy, aano?aaoaaiiy, onoaiiaeaiiy
i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaeo ca’yce?a, ocaaaeueiaiiy), ye ?acoeueoao –
oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy. Oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy a?aeia?aaeathoue i?ioean
i??eoaaiiy, iaea?aeaiiy iiaeo ciaiue.

Oi?iiy oa?aeoa?eco?oueny caeaoi?noth aeeiioaaoe iaai? ae?? ye a caaeaieo
oiiaao, oae ? i?e ?o ci?i?. Ocaaaeueithth/e aecia/aiiy iaaeaaia?a,
ineoieia?a, eia?e?a iiiyooy “oi?iiy” (TH.E.Aaaainueeiai,
N.O.Aii/a?aiei, ?.I.Eaaaiiai?-Iaee??, I.?.Eiiaeaeiaa), ie aaaaea?ii, ui
eia?/ia oi?iiy – oea iiaeeea?noue oni?oii aeeiioaaoe eia?/i? ae??
(ae?yeuei?noue). I?e oeueiio ia i?aenoaa? a?aeiia?aeii? ia?iaee iayaieo
noaeaeaiue ? iiiyoue (o a?aeiia?aeiino? c caeiiaie eia?ee) iaea?aeoaaoe
iiaa, a?eueo aeeaiea ciaiiy. Iaie aoei aeae?eaii eia?/i? i?eeiie,
aa??aoeaia canoinoaaiiy (ia?aiin) yeeo ? iieacieeii iaieiae?iiy
eia?/ieie oi?iiyie.

Ia i?aenoaa? ?yaeo aeine?aeaeaiue (I.I.Eaiioue?aa, N.E. ?oa?iooaeia),
ye? iieacaee, ui oi?ioaaiiy o??? /e ?ioi? yeino? iniaenoino? iiaeeeaa
eeoa a i?ioean? a?aeiia?aeii? ae?yeueiino?, iiaeia noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui
eia?/i? oi?iiy oi?iothoueny a i?ioean? a?aeiia?aeii? ae?yeueiino? ? ?o
oi?ioaaiiy aeaoa?i?io?oueny iniaeeainoyie i?aai?caoe?? inoaiiuei?. Oiaoi
i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? oeiey??a ia? aooe
ni?yiiaaia ia iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie i?eeiiaie ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino?.

Iniaeea?noth eia?/ieo oi?iue ? oa, ui o/aiue ia? ia o?eueee oi?oe
aiae?coaaoe, neioacoaaoe, ii??aithaaoe, aano?aaoaaoe, ocaaaeueithaaoe, a
e i??eoaaoe, ?iaeoe oiiaeaiaee, anoaiiaethaaoe i?e/eiii-iane?aeeia?
cacycee i?ae oaeoaie, i?ioeanaie, yaeuaie ? o.?., o a?aeiia?aeiino? c
caeiiaie eia?ee. Oiaoi, oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy, i?ioean ?o io?eiaiiy,
aeiaaathoue noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? ? ?
e?eoa???i canai?iiy eia?/ieo oi?iue. Iaieiae?iiy oeeie i?eeiiaie
iiaeeeaa a i?ioean? naiino?eii? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?.
Iaeiei ?c aeae?a oaei? ae?yeueiino? ? ?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ?
caaaeaiue (?.ss.Ea?ia?). Ine?eueee eia?/i? oi?iiy ? ?acoeueoaoii
iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie ae?yie oa iia?aoe?yie, oi a i?ioean?
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei ?ic?iaeaii niaoe?aeueio nenoaio

i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, yea
ni?yiiaaia ia oi?ioaaiiy aeacaieo oi?iue.

Ia caaaeath/e ia oa, ui i?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy ??cieo oi?iue, a oiio /ene?
e eia?/ieo, a i?ioean? ?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ciaeoea
a?aeia?aaeaiiy a iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo ? a iaaeaaia?/i?e
e?oa?aoo??, a iania?e i?aeoeoe? oeiee oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue /a?ac
?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi
a?aeaoaa?oueny ia aeinoaoiueith i??ith. I?iaaaeaia aieaooaaiiy 325
o/eoae?a i.Oa?eiaa c? noaaeai ?iaioe a oeie? a?ae 3-o aei 35 ?ie?a
aeicaieeei c?iaeoe aeniiaee uiaei canoinoaaiiy a i?aeoeoe? ?iaioe oeiee
eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? oa aeei?enoaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo
caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Aiae?c aieaooaaiiy aeaa oae?
?acoeueoaoe: oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue aaaaeathoue iaiao?aeiei oa
aaaeeeaei – 40,14 % iieooaaieo a/eoae?a; iaiao?aei?noue niaoe?aeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aiiy c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy cacia/aieo oi?iue – 38,7 %;
iaiao?aei?noue i?aeai?a niaoe?aeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c iaoith
oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue – 27,0 %; iaiao?aei?noue iaa/aiiy eia?/iei
i?eeiiai a i?ioeanna ?ica’ycaiiy niaoe?aeueii i?ae?a?aieo caaea/ c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi cacia/eee 34,7 % a/eoae?a. I?e oeueiio
aaaaeathoue, ui oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue ni?eyoeia i?aeaeuaiith yeino?
ciaiue o/i?a – 54 %; oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue iaiao?aeii c iaoith
?acaeoeo eia?/iiai ieneaiiy o/i?a – 49 % a/eoae?a; c iaoith ?icaeoeo ?
oi?ioaaiiy i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ? aeoeaiino? o/i?a – 38 %; c
iaoith iaa/aiiy naiino?eiiio iaea?aeaiith ciaiue ciaiee o/iyie – 26 %; c
iaoith noai?aiiy iiceoeaii? iioeaaoe??? iaa/aiiy – 14 % a/eoae?a. Ia
caieoaiiy aieaoe i?i iaa/aiiy o/i?a eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?icoiiai?
ae?yeueiino? ia nai?o o?ieao 57,5 % iieooaaieo a/eoae?a aeaee
iaaaoeaio a?aeiia?aeue, 33,6 % a?aeiia?ee, ui canoinoaaiiy eia?/ieo
i?eeii?a ia? ai?ciaee/iee, ia oe?eani?yiiaaiee oa?aeoa?.

Aiae?c 125 a?aea?aeaieo o?ie?a (c ??cieo i?aaeiao?a) iieacaa, ui
oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue, oe?eani?yiiaaia iaa/aiiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a
a?aeaoaa?oueny ia aeinoaoiueith i??ith aai ia? ai?ciaee/iee, aeiaaeeiaee
oa?aeoa?.

Oaeiae iaie aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui oe?eani?yiiaaii iaa/athoue eia?/ieo
i?eeii?a ca aeanieie iaoiaeeeaie a/eoae?-iaeno?e, ye? i?aoeththoue a
iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao iiaiai oeio (a?iiac?yo, e?oeayo, eieaaeaeao) i.
Oa?eiaa, aea e?euee?noue a/eoae?a-iaeno??a oa oaeeo caeeaae?a noaiiaeoue
eeoa 5 % a?ae caaaeueii? e?eueeino? iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a, ui ?
iaaeinoaoi?i.

Oaeei /eiii, oi?ioaaiith eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a, aeei?enoaiith caaea/
c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi a i?aeoeoe? oeiee i?eae?eaii oaaae
iaaeinoaoiuei. Oiio a i?ioean? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
oi?ioaaiiy cacia/aieo oi?iue aoei i?aai?ciaiii /a?ac canoinoaaiiy a
i?ioean? iaa/aiiy i?ciaaaeuei? caaea/? c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi.

sse a?aeiii, iaieiae?iiy oi?iiyie, cie?aia, eia?/ieie, iiaeeeaa eeoa a
i?ioean? naiino?eii? i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?, ui aeiaaa?, c iaeiiai
aieo, a?aeiia?aeii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?
o/i?a, c ae?oaiai, – noi?iiaaiino? ?o i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?. Oea
icia/a?, ii-ia?oa, aeeth/aiiy ?o o naiino?eia ?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo
caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ii-ae?oaa, noi?iiaai?noue
an?o eiiiiiaio?a i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?: iioeaaoe?eiiai,
i???ioaoe?eiiai, ci?noiaii-iia?aoe?eiiai, aia?aaoe/iiai, ioe?iiiai.

Iaieiae?iiy oi?iiyi iaiiaeeeaa aac /?oeiai ona?aeiieaiiy, ui oea ?
iaiao?aeiei, aac iiaiiai ?icoi?iiy aaaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy eiai i?e
?icacycoaaii? caaea/?, aac i?aaiaiiy ?? naiino?eii ?icacycaoe. Oea
caaacia/o?oueny ca ?aooiie noi?iiaaiino? iioeaaoe?eiiai eiiiiiaioo.

Ci?noiaii-iia?aoe?eiee eiiiiiaio aeeth/a? nenoaio aaaeo/eo ciaiue ?
niinia?a ae?yeueiino?, ye? aeicaieythoue iaea?aeoaaoe iia? ciaiiy. A?i
ai?uo? eia?/i? i?eeiie ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino?, aa??aoeaia canoinoaaiiy
yeeo a i?ioean? naiino?eiiai ?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi i?ecaiaeeoue aei oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue.

sse a?aeiii (A.E. Ia?eiaa, E.E. Ieaoiiia, N.E. ?oa?iooaei), naiino?eia
iaea?aeaiiy iiaeo ciaiue, canoinoaaiiy iiaeo i?eeii?a caaaeaee aeeeeea?
o?oaeiiu?, iiaeieaiiy yeeo aeiaaa? iaaieo coneeue. Noi?iiaai?noue
aia?aaoe/iiai eiiiiiaioa (caeaoi?noue aooe oaaaeiei, iaiieaaeea?noue o
iiaeieaii? ?icoiiaeo oneeaaeiaiue, aeieeaaeaiiy aieueiaeo coneeue,
aiioe?? ? ii/oooy, ye? noi?iaiaeaeothoue ae?yeuei?noue) caaacia/o? ?o
oni?oia iiaeieaiiy.

Oaeei /eiii, oi?iiy iaea?aeoaaoe ciaiiy oeyoii eia?/iiai i??eoaaiiy,
iiaoaeiae oiiaeaiae?a ? nai???aeiei iieacieeii noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo
oi?iue o/i?a. A oie aea /an, oi?iiy iaaoaaoe oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy ni?ey?
?icaeoeo i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?iino? ? ? ?? ?acoeueoaoii.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? – “AENIA?EIAIOAEUeIA IA?AA??EA AOAEOEAIINO?
IAA*AIIss OEIEss??A EIA?*IEO I?EEII?A” – ?icaeyaea?oueny i?aai?caoe?y,
iaoiaeeea ? o?ae aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaoa yeiai iieyaaea
a oiio, uia: 1) iaa/eoe o/i?a eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino?;
2) ?ic?iaeoe nenoaio i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ui aeiaaa? naiino?eiiai canoinoaaiiy cacia/aieo i?eeii?a
c iaoith oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a; 3) aenia?eiaioaeueii
ia?aa??eoe aieea noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue ia ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino?
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? oeiey??a.

E?eoa??yie noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue aenooiathoue: oiiaea?aei?
ciaiiy (aa??aoeaia canoinoaaiiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a c iaoith iaea?aeaiiy
iiaeo ciaiue) ? i?ciaaaeueia naiino?ei?noue (aeei?enoaiiy aioiaeo ?
eiino?othaaiiy iiaeo iiaeaeae; ye?noue iaea?aeaieo ciaiue (ianya ?
i?oei?noue); ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? i?ciaaaeueiiai ?ioa?ano ? cacycaiiai
c iei i?ciaaaeueiiai iioeao; oi?iiy ?icacycoaaoe i?ciaaaeuei? caaea/?
??ciiai ??aiy neeaaeiino?; iiaeaethaaiiy (aeei?enoaiiy aioiaeo iiaeaeae
? iiaoaeiaa iiaeo); e?eoe/i?noue ieneaiiy.

I?aai?caoe?y aenia?eiaioo ia?aaeaa/aea ??ciee nooi?iue iaa/aiiy
eia?/ieo i?eeii?a a ??cieo eeanao.

A1 – a oeeo eeanao niaoe?aeueii iaa/aee eia?/ieo i?eeii?a c
aeei?enoaiiyi nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi;

A2 – iaa/aee i?eeii?a, aea aac canoinoaaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/
? caaaeaiue;

A3 – oaaao aoei i?eae?eaii ?icacycaiith nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ?
caaaeaiue, aea aac niaoe?aeueiiai iaa/aiiy cacia/aieo i?eeii?a;

E – a eiio?ieueieo eeanao iaa/aiiy aaeinue o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie aac
aeei?enoaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi e iaa/aiiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a .

Oaea i?aai?caoe?y aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noaaeea ca iaoo
ccynoaaoe aoaeoeai?noue oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue a i?ioean?
?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi ? aac ?? canoinoaaiiy, a oaeiae aecia/eoe aieea
noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue ia ??aaiue i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?
o/i?a.

I?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioo aea/aany aeea iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie
i?eeiiaie ia ye?noue ciaiue o/i?a, cie?aia, ?o ianya ? i?oei?noue. Aeey
oeueiai aeei?enoiaoaaeinue aaciina?aaei? oa a?aeno?i/aia a?aeoai?aiiy
iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo. Aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui ciaiiy iaea?aeai? o/iyie
oeyoii canoinoaaiiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a caiai’yoiaothoueny e?aua ? a
a?eueoiio ianyc? i?ae o?, ye? iaaea? a/eoaeue o aioiaiio aeaeyae?.

Oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a a?aeaoaaeinue i?ae /an naiino?eiiai
?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie niaoe?aeueii i?ae?a?aieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Aoee i?ae?a?ai? caaea/? oa caaaeaiiy ??ciiai
??aiy neeaaeiino?: caaaeaiiy, ye? aeiaaaee ae?e ii c?aceo (aeecueeee
ia?aiin i?eeii?a); caaaeaiiy, ye? aeiaaaee canoinoaaiiy i?eeii?a a
iiae?aieo oiiaao (na?aaei?e ia?aiin i?eeii?a): caaaeaiiy, ye? aeiaaaee
aeei?enoiaoaaiiy i?eeii?a a iiaeo oiiaao (aeaeuei?e ia?aiin).

A i?ioean? ?ica’ycaiiy cacia/aii? nenoaie caaea/ ? caaaeaiue noaaaeinue
ca iaoo iaa/eoe o/i?a onoaiiaethaaoe i?e/eiii-iane?aeeia? ca’ycee i?ae
i?aaeiaoaie, yaeuaie, i?ioeanaie. Aeey oeueiai i?ae /an ?ica’ycaiiy
caaea/? o/iyi iaiao?aeii aoei oeyoii iinoaiiaee caieoaiue “aei naaa”
anoaiiaeoe i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaee ca’ycie i?ae yaeuaie oa i?ioeanaie, ui
?icaeyaeathoueny a caaea/?. Ia ii/aoeo aenia?eiaioo onoaiiaethaaee
ca’ycee oa ai?ee ?o iiynieoe 13,4% o/i?a (a a?oiao A1), i?ney
i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioo – 76,5%.

A i?ioean? aenia?eiaioo aoei i?eae?eaii oaaao ?icaeoeo iaoeiaiai
ieneaiiy /a?ac aeei?enoaiiy oa iiaoaeiao iiaeaeae i?ae /an ?ica’ycaiiy
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ine?eueee i?ioean
iiaoaeiae iiaeae? aeiaaa? a?ae o/i?a canoinoaaiiy iaeaea an?o eia?/ieo
i?eeii?a (aiae?ca, neioaca, ii??aiyiiy, aano?aaoaaiiy ? o.?.). Iaeaea
an? cai?iiiiiaai? caaea/? aeiaaaee iiaoaeiae iiaeae? (iaethiea, noaie,
a?ao?e oiui).

Oaeei /eiii, oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue, ye iieacaa i?iaaaeaiee
aenia?eiaio, aeiaaa? niaoe?aeueii? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? o/i?a, ni?yiiaaii? ia aeeth/aiiy a i?ioean iaa/aiiy nenoaie
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. ?acii c oei,
i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aiiy iiaeiia ia?aaeaa/aoe oi?ioaaiiy iioeaaoe?eii?
noa?e o/i?a (iioeae, iio?aae, ?ioa?an), ?icaeoie eia?/iiai ieneaiiy
(aiae?c, neioac, ii??aiyiiy, ocaaaeueiaiiy, aano?aaoaaiiy, anoaiiaeaiiy
ca’yce?a ? o.?.), iaa/aiiy iaoiae?a iaoeiaiai i?ciaiiy (iiaeaethaaiiy).

Oaea i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a, ca
aeaieie i?iaaaeaiiai aenia?eiaioo, ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith eia?/ieo oi?iue
o/i?a ? oi?ioaaiith i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ye yeino? ?o
iniaenoino?.

A i?ioean? i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioo aoei aecia/aii, ui iaieiae?iiy
eia?/ieie i?eeiiaie ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? a?aeaoaa?oueny i?ae /an
naiino?eiiai ?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi iiceoeaii aieeaa? ia ye?noue iaea?aeaieo ciaiue, cie?aia
ia ?o ianya ? i?oei?noue a a?oiao A1 (a na?aaeiueiio ia 50,4 %);
i?aeaeuo? ?ioa?an aei i?ioeano i?ciaiiy; ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith iiceoeaii?,
no?eei? ? ona?aeiieaii? iioeaaoe?? iaa/aiiy (i?eaeecii ia 46,2 %).
Canai?iiy eia?/ieo i?eeii?a iiceoeaii aieeaa? ia ?icaeoie eia?/iiai
ieneaiiy ( i??eoaaiiy, anoaiiaeaiiy i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaeo ca’yce?a (ia
58,1 %), aiae?c, neioac, ii??aiyiiy, aano?aaoaaiiy, ocaaaeueiaiiy,
iaa?oiooaaiiy (a na?aaeiueiio ia 63,8 % oa ?io.). Noi?iiaai?noue
eia?/ieo oi?iue aieeaa? ia ?icaeoie iaoeiaiai ieneaiiy (iiaeaethaaiiy)
i?eaeecii ia 51,5 % oa e?eoe/iino? ieneaiiy ia 49,4 %.

A i?ioean? aenia?eiaioo aeine?aeaeoaaany aieea aeei?enoaiiy nenoaie
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi ia oi?ioaaiiy
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? o/i?a. A i?ioean? oai?aoe/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ie anoaiiaeee, ui iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie eia?/ieie
i?eeiiaie ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? iiceoeaii aieeaaoeia ia oi?ioaaiiy oa
iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ye yeino? iniaenoino?,
ine?eueee aiie aoiaeyoue aei ci?noiaii-iia?aoe?eiiai ?? eiiiiiaioa.
I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii i?aeoaa?aeeei oea
iieiaeaiiy.

Nenoaia i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi
aeiaaa? ia o?eueee oe?eani?yiiaaiiai, ona?aeiieaiiai ia?aiino eia?/ieo
i?eeii?a, aiia aeiaaa? a?ae o/i?a aaeeeiai caiano ciaiue,
iaiieaaeeaino?, i?iyao aieueiaeo coneeue, noi?iiaaieo i?ciaaaeueieo
iio?aa, no?eei? iioeaaoe??, i?iyao ?ioa?ano oa ?i?oe?aoeae, aeaiaio?a
iaoeiaiai ieneaiiy, oi?iiy onoaiiaethaaoe i?e/eiii-iane?aeeia? ca’ycee
i?ae i?aaeiaoaie oa yaeuaie, iaa?oioiaoaaoe, i??eoaaoe oa ?iaeoe
aeniiaee, oi?iue iiina?aaeeiaiai i?ciaiiy (iiaoaeiaa oiiaeaiae?a), oiaoi
oiai, ui ai?uo? a nia? iiiyooy ”i?ciaaaeueia naiino?ei?noue“.

?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?aeoaa?aeeee a?iioaco, yea aoea aenoiooa ia ii/aoeo aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ioaea, iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeathoue i?aenoaae aeey aeniiaeo, ui
oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a a?aeaoaa?oueny a?eueo aoaeoeaii i?e
niaoe?aeuei?e i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a,
yea ia?aaeaa/a? naiino?eia ?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Aeeth/aiiy a iaa/aeueiee i?ioean cacia/aii?
nenoaie caaea/ ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? o/i?a.

sse iieacaa i?iaaaeaiee aenia?eiaio, noi?iiaai?noue eia?/ieo oi?iue
ni?ey? ?icaeoeo i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? o/i?a. ?acoeueoaoe iaaaaeai?
a oaaeeoeyo 1 ? 2.

Oaaeeoey 1

.Iieacieee noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ( a %)

7 EEAN8 EEANAei i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaiooI?ney i?iaaaeaiiy
aenia?eiaiooAei i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaiooI?ney i?iaaaeaiiy
aenia?eiaiooEA1A2A3EA1A2A3EA1A2A3EA1A2A3Aenie.24,125,225,123,631,442,439
,636,231,736,032,732,940,357,752,945,0Na?aae.54,654,752,555,251,653,052,
248,152,348,151,149,649,136,840,545,4Iecuee.21,320,122,421,217,04,69,215
,716,015,916,217,511,65,56,69,6

I?ei?oea:

aenieee ??aaiue – o/i? cae?eniththoue aeaeuei?e ia?aiin i?eeii?a,
aeeiiothoue iaeaea an? eia?/i? iia?aoe??;

na?aaei?e ??aaiue – cae?eniththoue ia?aiin i?eeii?a a iiae?aio
neooaoe?th, aeeiiothoue ia an? eia?/i? iia?aoe??, iio?aaothoue aeiiiiiae
a/eoaey;

iecueeee ??aaiue – cae?eniththoue aeecueeee ia?aiin (ae?? ii c?aceo)
i?eeii?a, ia aieiae?thoue eia?/ieie i?eeiiaie, aeiaaathoue niiioeaiiy
c? noi?iie a/eoaey.

Oaaeeoey 2.

??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?iino? o/i?a (a %)

7 EEAN8 EEANAei i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaiooI?ney i?iaaaeaiiy
aenia?eiaiooAei i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaiooI?ney i?iaaaeaiiy
aenia?eiaiooEA1A2A3EA1A2A3EA1A2A3EA1A2A3Oai?/ee-3,36,69,96,619,816,513,2
-6,613,23,39,926,423,116,5?aeiino?.-aa??aoea.29,736,333,030,037,350,543,
940,633,039,630,736,436,349,546,243,9?ai?iaeoe.53,849,547,243,642,926,43
3,036,353,843,849,550,443,924,127,433,0Ioeueiaee16,510,913,216,513,23,36
,69,913,210,06,69,99,9-3,36,6

Naiino?ei? ?iaioe o/i?a, ia iniia? yeeo c?iaeai? aeniiaee, ia?aa??yeenue
? aeey ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a canoiniaoaaany e?eoa??e o?-eaaae?ao. An?
?acoeueoaoe iaea?aeai? c iaae?ei?noth 0,95 ? a?aeia?aaeai? o 20
oaaeeoeyo, 8 a?noia?aiao.

AENIIAEE

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie, ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
iaaeaaia?/iiai aenia?eiaioo aeathoue i?aenoaae aeey oaeeo aeniiae?a.

1. Eia?/i? oi?iiy – oea iiaeeea?noue oni?oii aeeiioaaoe eia?/i? ae??
(ae?yeuei?noue). I?e oeueiio ia i?aenoaa? a?aeiia?aeii? ia?iaee iayaieo
noaeaeaiue ? iiiyoue iaea?aeoaaoe iiaa, a?eueo aeeaiea ciaiiy o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c caeiiaie eia?ee. sse ? aoaeue-ye? ?io? oi?iiy, eia?/i?
oi?iiy oi?iothoueny a i?ioean? ae?yeueiinoue, cie?aia,
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii?, ni?yiiaaii? ia ?ica’ycaiiy i?ciaaaeueieo
caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Oiio ? i?iyaey?oueny ??aaiue
noi?iiaaiino? oeeo oi?iue naia /a?ac oa?aeoa? i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino?. Neeaaei?noue i?ciaaaeueii? caaea/?, ye?noue canai?iiy
iaea?aeaieo ciaiue, i?ciaaaeueia naiino?ei?noue, iaieiae?iiy iaoiaeaie
iaoeiaiai i?ciaiiy (iiaeaethaaiiy) ? iaeaaaeeea?oeie iieacieeaie
noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue.

2. Ine?eueee eia?/i? oi?iiy oi?iothoueny a i?ioean?
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?, yea cae?enith?oueny ca caeiiaie
eia?ee, oi ??aaiue ?o noi?iiaaiino? aeaoa?i?io?oueny iniaeeainoyie ??
i?aai?caoe??. E??i oiai, ye a?aeiii, ieneaiiy cae?enith?oueny ye i?ioean
?ica’ycaiiy caaea/. Oiio niaoe?aeueia i?aai?caoe?y
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a, ni?yiiaaia ia oi?ioaaiiy
eia?/ieo oi?iue, iiaeiia cae?enithaaoenue /a?ac aeei?enoaiiy nenoaie
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, yea
a?aeiia?aea? iaaiei aeiiaai.

3. ?aoe?iiaeueii i?aai?coaaoe i?ciaaaeueio ae?yeuei?noue c iaoith
aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue iiaeia eeoa ca aeiiiiiaith
aeeth/aiiy a i?ioean iaa/aiiy i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ye? iio?aaothoue aeey naiai ?ica’ycaiiy
aeeiiaiiy eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e oa ae?e.

4. ?acoeueoaoii cae?eniaiiy eia?/ieo iia?aoe?e ? ae?e ? ciaiiy , ye? a
eia?oe? iaea?aeaee iacao “oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy”. Aiie ? ?acoeueoaoii
eia?/ii? ia?a?iaee iiai? ?ioi?iaoe?? ca aeiiiiiaith iayaieo ciaiue. ?o
iaea?aeothoue oeyoii oiiaeaiaeo, ye iaei??th ?c oi?i ieneaiiy o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c caeiiaie eia?ee, ia iniia? canoinoaaiy ?icoiiaeo
iia?aoe?e ? ae?e.

5. No?oeoo?a i?ioeano iaea?aeaiiy oiiaea?aeieo ciaiue neeaaeia ? ia?
oae? eiiiiiaioe: ii/aoeia? (iayai?) ciaiiy, iaa?oioiaoth/? ciaiiy,
eia?/i? i?eeiie, oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy. Iaa?oioiaoth/? ciaiiy ii?yae c
caeiiaie eia?ee neoaothoue aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy ?noeiiino? iaea?aeaieo
oiiaea?aeieo ciaiue ? eia?/ii? i?aaeeueiino? i?ioeano ?o iaea?aeaiiy.

6. E?eoa??yie noi?iiaaiino? eia?/ieo oi?iue ? ye?noue canai?iiy
oiiaea?aeieo ciaiue, neeaaei?noue i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi, oiaoi ia?aiin eia?/ieo i?eeii?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? a
iiao neooaoe?th, oi?iiy aeei?enoiaoaaoe aioia? ? aoaeoaaoe iia? iiaeae?,
a oaeiae noi?iiaai?noue i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ye yeino?
iniaenoino?.

7. Oiiaaie aoaeoeaiiai oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue, canai?iiy
oiiaea?aeieo ciaiue, noi?iiaaiino? i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ?
nenoaiaoe/ia aeeth/aiiy o/i?a o ae?yeuei?noue c iinoaiiaee ? ?ica’ycaiiy
caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ui ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith oi?iue, ciaiue
oa cacia/aii? yeino? iniaenoino? ia a?eueo aenieiio ??ai?.

8. Oiiaaie aoaeoeaiino? i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue oa
iaea?aeaiiy oiiaea?aeieo ciaiue aenooiathoue: iayai?noue iaaiiai caiano
ii/aoeiaeo ciaiue, oi?iiy canoiniaoaaoe aei ieo eia?/i? i?eeiie o
a?aeiia?aeiino? ?c i?aaeeaie eia?ee, a?aeiia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a, yea iieyaa? o canoinoaaii?
nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi.

9. Eia?/iei i?eeiiaie iaea?aeaiiy ciaiue aenooiathoue:

· ?icaeyae ia’?eoa, ui aea/a?oueny, c ??cieo noi??i ? aeae?eaiiy
iaea?eueoi? e?eueeino? i?eoaiaiieo eiio ?en, yeinoae, aeanoeainoae ?
o.?. (ia iniia? iia?aoe?e aiae?ca ? neioaca);

· ii??aiyiiy aeae?eaieo ?en, yeinoae, aeanoeainoae ? aea?? iaea?eueo
nooo?aeo, aieiaieo (ia iniia? iia?aoe?e ii??aiyiiy ? aano?aaoaaiiy);

· anoaiiaeaiiy i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaeo cay’ce?a ? caeaaeiinoae;

· oi?ioethaaiiy iiaeo iieiaeaiue (ia iniia? iia?aoe?? ocaaaeueiaiiy);

· iaa?oiooaaiiy (aeieac) ?o i?aaeeueiino?.

10. Oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue iiaeeeaa o?eueee a i?ioean?
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?, cie?aia, a i?ioean? ?ica’ycaiiy
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ui aeiaaa?
?ic?iaee nenoaie niaoe?aeueii i?ae?a?aieo caaea/.

11. Oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy, ye ? aoaeue-ye? ?io? ciaiiy, iiaeooue aooe
iaea?aeai? o?eueee a i?ioean? naiino?eii? i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?, ui
aeiaaa?, c iaeiiai aieo, noi?iiaaiino? i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?, c
ae?oaiai, – ni?ey? ?? oi?ioaaiith ? aaeineiiaeaiith.

12. I?ciaaaeueia naiino?ei?noue ? ?acoeueoaoii i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino?, oiio ia? oae? ae naia no?oeoo?i? eiiiiiaioe, ui e
i?ciaaaeueia ae?yeuei?noue. Iaeiei c no?oeoo?ieo eiiiiiaio?a ?
ci?noiaii-iia?aoe?eiee, aei neeaaeo yeiai aoiaeyoue oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy ?
eia?/i? iia?aoe?? ? ae??. Oiio ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? i?ciaaaeueii?
naiino?eiino? aenooia? iieacieeii iaieiae?iiy oiiaea?aeieie ciaiiyi ?
eia?/ieie i?eeiiaie ?o iaea?aeaiiy. ? iaaiaee, iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie
i?eeiiaie ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? iaiiaeeeaa aac noi?iiaaiino? an?o
eiiiiiaio?a i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?. Ioaea, iaieiae?iiy eia?/ieie
iia?aoe?yie ? ae?yie ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? ? ?
?? iieacieeii.

13. A i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui
aoaeoeai?noue iaa/aiiy o/i?a eia?/ieo i?eeii?a caeaaeeoue a?ae
iniaeeainoae i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino?. ??aaiue
canai?iiy i?eeiia aecia/a?oueny ??aiai ? oa?aeoa?ii i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? o/i?a ? eiai caeaoi?noth aeeiioaaoe ia?aiin oeeo i?eeii?a.
Cai?iiiiiaai? i?ciaaaeuei? caaea/? aeiaaaee ia?aiina o?ueio aeae?a:
aeeaeiueiai (aeeiiaiiy ae?e ii c?aceo), na?aaeiueiai (ia?aiin a noiaeo
neooaoe?th), aeaeuei?e (aeei?enoaiiy i?eeii?a a iia?e neooaoe??).
Nooi?iue iaieiae?iiy i?eeiiaie aieeaa? ia ianya ? i?oei?noue canai?iieo
ciaiue. *ei “aeae?” o/aiue ia?aiineoue i?eeiie i?e ?ica”ycaii?
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue, oei a?eueoeie ? ianya ? i?oei?noue
canai?ii?o ciaiue.

14. ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue i?aenoaae
aeey aeniiaeo, ui oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a ? aoaeoeaiei i?e
canoinoaaii? nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei
iaaaioaaeaiiyi, iiceoeaii aieeaa? ia ye?noue ciaiue o/i?a, iioeaaoe?eio
noa?o oa ?ioa?an, ?icaeoie iaoeiaiai ieneaiiy, ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith oi?iiy
aoaeoaaoe oiiaeaiaee ? eia?/ii i??eoaaoe, ui a oe?eiio i?aeaeuo? ??aaiue
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino? o/i?a.

Aieiaia oaaaa a iaoiio aeine?aeaeaii? aoea i?eae?eaia oi?ioaaiith
eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a a i?ioean? ?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo
caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. ?acii c oei, oea
aeine?aeaeaiiy ia ae/a?iaei an?o iiaeeeaeo aniaeo?a ?ica’ycaiiy aeaii?
i?iaeaie. Iai?eeeaae, iio?aaothoue aeine?aeaeaiiy oae? ieoaiiy, ye
oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue ia o?ieao ia o?eueee i?e?iaeie/iai oeeeeo, a
e aoiai?oa?iiai (aiae?c e?oa?aoo?ieo, ioce/ieo, ia?acioai?/eo oai??a);
a?eueo oe?iea canoinoaaiiy nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ ? caaaeaiue c
eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ui caaacia/o? i?aei?aaeiaoi? ca’ycee.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aena?oeai? a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo
aaoi?a:

1. Oi?ie?iaaiea i?eaiia iieo/aiey auaiaeiuo ciaiee : Iaoiaee/aneea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee. –Eeaa: OIA “I?aeia?.o?i.aaaioe?y”, 1998. –24 n.

2. Aea?aei? ciaiiy ye can?a oi?ioaaiiy eia?/iiai ieneaiiy oeiey??a //
??aeia oeiea. –1998. -? 12. –N.63-66

3. Oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a // Iaoiaea. –Oa?nii:
Oa?nii.aea?ae.iaae.oi-oao,1998. –N.48-52.

4. I?ciaaaeuei? caaea/? c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi ye can?a oi?ioaaiiy
eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a // Iaoiaea. –Oa?nii: Oa?nii.aea?ae.iaae. oi-oao,
1999. –N.43-48

5. Aea?aei? ciaiiy, ?o no?oeoo?a oa ca’ycie c oai?/ith ae?yeuei?noth
oeiey??a. // Iaoeia? caienee I?aeeinueeiai iaae. ?inoeoooo: Na??y
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? iaoee. -*a?i?a?a, 1998. –N.59-63

6. Eiae/aneea oiaiey e eo oi?ie?iaaiea a i?ioeanna iao/aiey //
Ineoieia?y ia ia?aoeii? oeny/ie?oue: I’yo? Einothe?anuee? /eoaiiy: A 3-o
o. –E.: Aiicen, 1998. –O.III. – N.415-423

7. I?ioeann iieo/aiey auaiaeiuo ciaiee eae oneiaea nicaeaiey eiioi?oiiai
naii/oanoaey o/aueiny a o/aaiii i?ioeanna // Nicaeaiea, ieaie?iaaiea,
i?aaiecaoeey i?ia?aiiii-oeaeaaie aeayoaeueiinoe iaaeaaiae/aneiai
eieeaeoeaa. –Neioa?iiieue, 1998. –N.155-158.

8. Oi?ioaaiiy na?oiaeyaeo a i?ioean? naiino?eiiai iaea?aeaiiy iiaeo
ciaiue // Ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia aeoiea ? noni?eueia ?aeaieia?y :
Iaoa??aee iaoiaeieia?/. nai?ia?o Aeaaeai?? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe Oe?a?ie.
–E.: Aiicen, 1998. –N.452-456

Oaaei?aiei I.?. Oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a iniiaii? oeiee.
–?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – Oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee. –
?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi oi?ioaaiiy eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a
iniiaii? oeiee. A aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyiooi iiiyooy “eia?/i? oi?iiy”,
“oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy”, “eia?/i? i?eeiie”, oiiae ?o oi?ioaaiiy ? ca’ycie c
i?ciaaaeueiith naiino?ei?noth. Iaa?oioiaaii iaiao?aei?noue niaoe?aeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a c aeiiiiiaith
nenoaie i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Anoaiiaeaii
aca?iica’ycie i?ae oi?ioaaiiyi eia?/ieo oi?iue o/i?a ? ?icaeoeii
i?ciaaaeueii? naiino?eiino?, cie?aia ?c ci?noiaii-iia?aoe?eiei ??
eiiiiiaioii. Eia?/i? oi?iiy o/i?a oi?iothoueny a i?ioean? aeoeaii?
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? a i?ioean? ?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie
i?ciaaaeueieo caaea/ c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi. Ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e i?iaaaeaii? caiyoue c i?aaeiao?a i?e?iaeie/iai
oeeeeo.

Eeth/ia? neiaa eia?/i? oi?iiy, oiiaea?aei? ciaiiy, i?ciaaaeuei? caaea/?
c eia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi, eia?/i? i?eeiie.

Oaaei?aiei A.E. Oi?ie?iaaiea eiae/aneeo oiaiee o/aueony iniiaiie oeieu.
–?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – Oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee. –
Einoeooo iaaeaaiaeee AII Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai oi?ie?iaaiey eiae/aneeo oiaiee
o/aueony iniiaiie oeieu. A aeenna?oaoeee ?anniio?aiu iiiyoey
“eiae/aneea oiaiey”, “auaiaeiua ciaiey”, “eiae/aneea i?eaiu”, oneiaey eo
oi?ie?iaaiey e naycue n iiciaaaoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth.

Eiae/aneea oiaiey oi?ie?othony a i?ioeanna naiinoiyoaeueiie
o/aaii-iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, iai?aaeaiiie ia iieo/aiea iiauo
ciaiee iooai eiae/aneiai ?annoaeaeaiey, auiieiaiey eiae/aneeo iia?aoeee
e aeaenoaee. ?acoeueoaoii inouanoaeaiey eiae/aneeo iia?aoeee e aeaenoaee
yaeythony ciaiey, eioi?ua a eiaeea iacuaatho “auaiaeiuie ciaieyie“.
Auaiaeiua ciaiey yaeythony ?acoeueoaoii eiae/aneie ia?aaioee iiaie
eioi?iaoeee n iiiiuueth eiathueony ciaiee. Eo iieo/atho iooai
oiicaeeth/aiee, eioi?ua yaeythony iaeiie ec oi?i iuoeaiey e
inouanoaeythony a niioaaonoaee n ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?aaeeaie eiaeee, ia
iniiaa i?eiaiaiey eiae/aneeo iia?aoeee e aeaenoaee. Iiyoiio e?eoa?eyie
noi?ie?iaaiiinoe eiae/aneeo oiaiee yaeyaony ea/anoai onaiaiey auaiaeiuo
ciaiee, ia?aiin eiae/aneeo i?eaiia iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe a iiaoth
neooaoeeth, a oaeaea noi?ie?iaaiiinoue iiciaaaoaeueiie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe eae ea/anoaa ee/iinoe.

I?aaieciaaoue o/aaii-iiciaaaoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue oeieueieeia n
oeaeueth yooaeoeaiiai oi?ie?iaaiey eiae/aneeo oiaiee iiaeii n iiiiuueth
aeeth/aiey a i?ioeann iao/aiey nenoaiu iiciaaaoaeueiuo caaea/ e caaeaiee
n eiae/aneie iaa?oceie ?acee/iiai o?iaiy neiaeiinoe, eioi?ua o?aaotho
aeey naiaai ?aoaiey auiieiaiey eiae/aneeo iia?aoeee e aeaenoaee.
Auaeaeaiu eiae/aneea i?eaiu iieo/aiey ciaiee, aa?eaoeaiia i?eiaiaiea
eioi?uo (ia?aiin) a i?ioeanna ?aoaiey caaea/ n eiae/aneie iaa?oceie
niinianoaoao oi?ie?iaaieth eiae/aneeo oiaiee.

Oai?aoe/aneia e yenia?eiaioaeueiia enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi
iaeaaeaiea eiae/aneeie i?eaiaie a i?ioeanna ?aoaiey nenoaiu
iiciaaaoaeueiuo caaea/ n eiae/aneie iaa?oceie iieiaeeoaeueii aeeyao ia
ea/anoai ciaiee o/aueony (iauai e aeoaeio), niinianoaoao oi?ie?iaaieth
onoie/eaie e iniciaiiie iioeaaoeee o/aiey, iiauoaao eioa?an e ?anoe?yao
aai iai?aaeaiiinoue, ?acaeaaao iao/iia iuoeaiea o/aueony (eniieueciaaiea
eiathueony iiaeaeae e iino?iaiea iiauo), niinianoaoao iaeaaeaieth
i?eaiii onoaiiaeaiey i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiiuo naycae, oi?ie?oao oiaiea
eiae/anee ?annoaeaeaoue e aeaeaoue oiicaeeth/aiey, /oi, a eoiaa,
i?eaiaeeo e oi?ie?iaaieth e aeaeueiaeoaio ?acaeoeth iiciaaaoaeueiie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe eae ea/anoaa ee/iinoe.

E?eoa?eyie iaeaaeaiey eiae/aneeie oiaieyie yaeythony ea/anoai iieo/aiiuo
auaiaeiuo ciaiee e iiciaaaoaeueiay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue, eae eiiieaeniue
e?eoa?ee, iineieueeo eiae/aneea oiaiey aoiaeyo a ninoaa
niaea?aeaoaeueii-iia?aoeeiiiiai aa eiiiiiaioa. A ?aaioa auea iainiiaaia
acaeiinaycue e n inoaeueiuie eiiiiiaioaie iiciaaaoaeueiie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe.

Iiciaaaoaeueiay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, iiyoiio eiaao oaeea aea no?oeoo?iua
eiiiiiaiou eae e iiciaaaoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue. Iaeiei ec no?oeoo?iuo
eiiiiiaioia yaeyaony niaea?aeaoaeueii-iia?aoeeiiiue, a ninoaa eioi?iai
aoiaeyo auaiaeiua ciaiey e eiae/aneea iia?aoeee e aeaenoaey. Iiyoiio
o?iaaiue noi?ie?iaaiiinoe iiciaaaoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe aunooiaao
iieacaoaeai iaeaaeaiey auaiaeiuie ciaieyie e eiae/aneeie i?eaiaie. E
iaiai?io, iaeaaeaiea eiae/aneeie niiniaaie iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe
iaaiciiaeii aac noi?ie?iaaiiinoe anao eiiiiiaioia iiciaaaoaeueiie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe. Oi anoue iiciaaaoaeueiay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue
aunooiaao eiiieaeniui iieacaoaeai noi?ie?iaaiiinoe eiae/aneeo oiaiee.

Oi?ie?iaaiea eiae/aneeo oiaiee o?aaoao niaoeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee
o/aaii-iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe o/aueony, eioi?ay i?aaeiieaaaao
aeeth/aiea a i?ioeann iao/aiey nenoaiu iiciaaaoaeueiuo caaea/ e
caaeaiee n eiae/aneie iaa?oceie, i?eiaiaiey a i?ioeanna ?aoaiey
eiae/aneeo i?eaiia iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Oneiaeyie yooaeoeaiiai oi?ie?iaaiey eiae/aneeo oiaiee, onaiaiey
auaiaeiuo ciaiee, oi?ie?iaaiey iiciaaaoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe
yaeyaony nenoaiaoe/aneia aiaea/aiea o/aueony a aeayoaeueiinoue ii
iinoaiiaea e ?aoaieth caaea/ n eiae/aneie iaa?oceie, /oi niinianoaoao
oi?ie?iaaieth oiaiee, ciaiee e oeacaiiiai ea/anoaa ee/iinoe ia aieaa
aunieii o?iaia.

Ia iniiaa ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey ?ac?aaioaiu iaoiaee/aneea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii oi?ie?iaaieth eiae/aneeo i?eaiia, eioi?ua
eniieuecothony i?e i?iaaaeaiee caiyoee ii i?aaeiaoai anoanoaaiiiai
oeeeea.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eiae/aneea oiaiey, auaiaeiua ciaiey, iiciaaaoaeueiua
caaea/e n eiae/aneie iaa?oceie, eiae/aneea i?eaiu

E.I.Fedorenko. Forming logical skills of the secondary school pupils.
–Manuscript.

Thesis for candidate`s degree of pedagogical sciences, speciality
13.00.01 – Theory and History of Pedagogics.

Institute of Pedagogics the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of
Ukraine, Kiev, 1999.

The thesis deals with the problems of forming logical abilities of the
secondary school pupils. The methods of logical processing of
information, condition of their forming and connection with cognitive
self-dependence, in particular with its component providing for logical
processing of information, are considered in the thesis. The method for
forming logical abilities is worked out. Thesis method draws the pupils
into solving the system of cognitive problems and tasks with logical
loading. It contributes to the progress and advancement of the
cognitive self-dependence as the virtue of a personality. Logical skills
of school pupils are acquired during an active educational cognitive
activity while solving the tasks wish a logical value. Methodical
recommendations have been worked out on the basis of investigation
results. These recommendations are being used for teaching natural
sciences.

Key words logical abilities ,deducive knowledge, cognitive problems with
logical loading, logical methods.

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