.

Формування системи знань про інформаційні технології у майбутніх вчителів початкових класів: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / С.О. Гунько, Нац. пед.

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IAOe?IIAEUeIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

?iai? I.I.Ae?AAIIAIIAA

AOIUeEI Noaiai Ieaenaiae?iae/

OAeE 378.14:372.22

OI?IOAAIIss NENOAIE CIAIUe I?I

?IOI?IAOe?EI? OAOIIEIA?? O IAEAOOI?O

A*EOAE?A II*AOEIAEO EEAN?A

13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o Aieeinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? Ean?
Oe?a?iee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: – eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Niiethe ?aai Ieaenaiae?iae/,

Aieeinueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? Ean? Oe?a?iee,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e nioe?aeueii? iaaeaaia?ee

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aeaenthe Aiaoie?e Ieeieaeiae/,

Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?i. Oa?ana

Oaa/aiea, i?ioani? eaoaae?e iaaeaaia?ee;

– eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe,

noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee,

Eaa/aiei A?eai??e ?aiaiiae/,

?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie,

caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi??? o?oaeiai?

i?aeaioiaee ? iie?oaoi?/ii? oai?/ino?.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee

oi?aa?neoao ?i. A.Aiaothea, eaoaae?a

iaaeaaia?ee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie,

i.Oa?iii?eue.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “21” aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 16.30 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 26.053.02 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i.Ee?a, aoe.
Ie?iaiaa, 9).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i.Ee?a, aoe.
Ie?iaiaa, 9).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “15” aa?aniy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
E.A.Aeieeinueea

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oa aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. A oiiaao ?icaoaeiae
aeaiie?aoe/ii? oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae aeiei??iii ci?ith?oueny neooaoe?y
a nenoai? ina?oe, iinoa? iaiao?aei?noue ?? aeeiai?/iiai ?icaeoeo.
No?aoaa?y ? oaeoeea ?aaeeeaeueieo ci?i a ina?o? Oe?a?ie /?oei aecia/ai?
o aea?aeaai?e iaoe?iiaeuei?e i?ia?ai? “Ina?oa”- (“Oe?a?ia XXI
noie?ooy”), Caeii? Oe?a?ie “I?i ina?oo”. O i?e aeoeaioo?oueny oaaaa ia
iaiao?aeiino? ?icaeoeo ina?oe ia iniia? iiaeo i?ia?aneaieo eiioeaioe?e;
cai?iaaaeaeaiiy no/anieo oaoiieia?e oa iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo aeinyaiaiue o
iaa/aeueiee i?ioean; i?aeaioiaee iiai? ?aia?aoe?? iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a.

I?iaeaia i?ioan?eii-iaaeaaia?/ii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey iino?eii ia?aaoaa?
a oeaio?? oaaae iaoeiaoe?a. ?? ?ica`ycaiith i?enay/aii ?yae aaaeeeaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue, cie?aia, ?iaioe I.A.Aaaeoee?ii?, A.I.Aeaenthea,
TH.E.Aaaainueeiai, A.?.Aiiaea?y, I.A.Ii?ica, A.I.Neanoueii?ia,
?.?.Oiaethe oa ?i. Aaaiiee aianie o ?ic?iaeo i?iaeaie i?ioan?eii?
i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey no/anii? oeiee c?iaeee a?o/eciyi? a/ai?-ineoieiae
?.Ae.Aao, I.A.Ee?e/oe, A.I.Iieyei, A.O.Iaeaia?/oe, TH.I.I?eoiaeueei,
I.A.Ne?ei/aiei oa ?i.

Iaeiei c aaaeeeaeo /eiiee?a, ye? a no/anieo oiiaao cae?eniththoue ana
a?eueoee aieea ia ?icaeoie nenoaie oi?ioaaiiy i?ioan?eieo yeinoae
a/eoaey ? i?ioean ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? ina?oe. Iia? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??
ana oe?oa aeei?enoiaothoueny ye noni?eueiee i?iaeoeo, yeee caaacia/o?
?ioaineo?eaoe?th an?o noa? aeiiii?ee, i?enei?aiiy iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai
i?ia?ano, ?icaeoie iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee, aeaiie?aoecaoe?th noni?euenoaa.
Oiio aeine?aeaeaiiy eeth/iaeo aniaeo?a i?ioeano ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? ina?oe
oa i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey no/anii? oeiee aei i?ioan?eii?
ae?yeueiino? o noa?? aeei?enoaiiy iiaeo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e ?
aeineoue aeooaeueieie i?iaeaiaie.

Iniiao aeey ?ica`ycaiiy aeacaieo i?iaeai caeeaaeaii a ?iaioao
?.I.Aae?oiaa, A.A.Aeeinueeiai, A.I.Aeooeiaa, A.A.Aei?iaei?oeeia,
A.I.??oiaa, A.N.Ieoaeaae/a, I.I.Ii?n??aa oa ?i., ye? ia??oiooaaee
eiioeaiooaeuei? canaaee i?ioeano ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? nenoaie ina?oe.
?ica`yceo ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo i?iaeai aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy
eiii`thoa??a o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean? i?enay/ai? i?aoe?
A.I.Aaniaeueea, I.ss.Aaeueia??ia, O.A.?eue?ii?, A.N.Aa?ooinueeiai,
TH.?.Iaoaeoey, A.I.Iiiaoiaa oa ?i. Aaeineiiaeaiiyi ci?noo ? iaoiaeeee
aea/aiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoeee caeiaeeny A.I.??oia, A.O.Aa?eaiue,
A.?.A?eoeaiei, A.I.Aeiaayeei, A.A.AEeoiie?nueeee, A.A.Eaei?i,
A.A.Eooi??aiei, I.I.Eai/ee, I.A.Ii?ca, TH.N.?ainueeee, A.Ae.O?ieia,
?.I.ssaeii oa ?i. Iniiae i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey aei aeei?enoaiiy
?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino? ?ice?eo? a ?iaioao
?.I.Aiaaeaiiai?, I.I.Aoiy?aa, I.?.AEaeaeaea, I.I.Eai/eea,
I.A.Eaeaianueeiai, A.E.Iao?iniaa, I.A.Iai/aiei, I.?.Oe?ey oa ?ioeo
iaoeiaoe?a.

Aiae?coth/e i?aoe? oeeo oa ?ioeo a/aieo, iaie aeyaeaii, ui iica oaaaith
aeine?aeiee?a caeeoeeany i?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy i?ioan?eieo yeinoae
iaaeaaiaa a noa?? aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o iaa/aii?
iieiaeoeo oeiey??a. Oea coiiaeei aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy: “Oi?ioaaiiy
nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a”, yea ocaiaeaeo?oueny c caaaeueiith i?iaeaiith
eaai?aoi??? iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e AAeO ?iai? Ean? Oe?a?iee
“Iaaeaaia?/ia oaoiieia?y o no/aniiio aoc?” ia ia??iae c 1995-1999 ??. oa
caeii?aeeiiaaia ?aaeith c eii?aeeiaoe?? iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue a aaeoc?
iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? a Oe?a?i? (i?ioieie ?5 a?ae 17.09.98 ?.).

Ia`?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioan?eia i?aeaioiaea a/eoaey a oiiaao aeuiai
caeeaaeo ina?oe.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – ?ic?iaeoe, oai?aoe/ii ia??oiooaaoe oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy ??oioo?oueny ia oiio, ui i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, yea
? aeaiaioii nenoaie i?ioan?eiiai noaiiaeaiiy niaoe?ae?noa a oiiaao
aeuiai caeeaaeo ina?oe iiaeeeaa ia iniia? ?ic?iaee
i?ioan?eii-i???ioiaaiiai ci?noiaiai eiiiiiaioo nenoaie ciaiue nooaeaio?a
i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa eiai ?aae?caoe?th /a?ac iiaeeeaino?
iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiaiaiai iaa/aiiy.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iaoith, ia`?eoii, i?aaeiaoii, a?iioacith aoee
aecia/ai? oae? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:

1. Aea/aiiy noaio aeine?aeaeaiino? i?iaeaie a oai??? oa i?aeoeoe? ?iaioe
aeui? oeiee.

2. Aecia/aiiy no?oeoo?e nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??
iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oa ia??oiooaaiiy oiia ??
?aae?caoe?? a iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?.

3. Ia??oiooaaiiy e?eoa???a oa aeyaeaiiy ?aaeueiiai ??aiy canai?iiy
nooaeaioaie nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??.

4. ?ic?iaea aaeaioeaii? i?ia?aie canai?iiy nooaeaioaie nenoaie ciaiue
i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa nenoaie ?aeoeiaiaiai eiio?ieth ciaiue ?
?o aenia?eiaioaeueia ai?iaaoe?y.

5. Aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia ia?aa??ea aoaeoeaiino?
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c ieoaiue oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ciaiue
i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith oa oai?aoe/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?ia?aei?
iieiaeaiiy eiioeaioe?e: ?aeiino? na?aeiiino?, ae?yeueiino? oa
aca?iica`yceo oai??? ? i?aeoeee (A.A.Aiaiue?a, I.I.Eaiioue?a,
A.O.Eiiia); oaeinei-iaeaiiy i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaaeaaiaa
(I.A.Aaaeoee?ia, N.?.A?oaiaaeuenueeee, A.I.Aeaenthe, A.?.Aiiaea?,
?.A.Cycthi, I.A.Ii?ic); i?i iiaeeea?noue ia`?eoeaiiai aecia/aiiy
aoaeoeaiino? i?ioeano i?aeaioiaee niaoe?ae?noa (TH.E.Aaaainueeee,
A.I.Aaniaeueei); ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? ina?oe oa i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey a noa??
aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e (A.N.Aa?ooinueeee, I.?.AEaeaeae,
A.I.??oia, TH.?.Iaoaeoeue, I.?.Oe?eue).

I?aai?caoe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy: iiooeiai-aeine?aeieoeueea ?iaioa
i?iaiaeeeany c 1993 ?ieo aei 1998 ?ieo o aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao
i?no Eooeueea, ??aiiai, Oa?iiiiey oa ie?aieo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oeieao
Aieeinueei? iaeano?.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue o o?e iniiai? aoaie.

Ia?oee aoai (1991 – 1993 ??.) – aiae?oeei-eiinoaooth/ee. Aeeth/a?
aea/aiiy iaoeiai-?noi?e/ieo aeaea?ae aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
oaoiieia?e o iaa/aii? o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, ca?? ? nenoaiaoecaoe?th
iaoa??ae?a i?i i?ioan?eio i?aeaioiaeo a/eoaey o no/aniiio aoc?, ?icaeoie
i?ioan?eieo yeinoae o iaeaooi?o oao?aoe?a ca aeiiiiiaith nenoaiaoe/ieo
iaaeaaia?/ieo niinoa?aaeaiue ca ?o ae?yeuei?noth.

Ae?oaee aoai (1994 – 1997 ??.) – aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueiee, iieyaaa
o i?iaaaeaii? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo, ia yeiio aoei ?ic?iaeaii oa
canoiniaaii no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueio iiaeaeue ci?noo ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oa ai?iaiaaii aenia?eiaioaeueio
iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy o iaeaooi?o eeaniaiae?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa ?o aeei?enoaiiy o iaa/aii? o/i?a.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1997-1998 ??.-caaa?oaeueii-ocaaaeueithth/iio)
cae?enithaaeany nenoaiaoecaoe?y iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy,
c`yniaoaaeany ei?aeyoe?y iniaeeainoae ?o canoinoaaiiy a?aeiia?aeii aei
oiia eiie?aoiiai iaa/aeueiiai caeeaaeo, ioi?ieaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeieoeueei-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Anueiai aeine?aeii – aenia?eiaioaeueiith ?iaioith aoee ioiieai? 632
nooaeaioe, 112 aeeeaaea/?a, 28 ea??aiee?a ina?oi?o onoaiia, 232 o/i?
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. A aenia?eiaio? a?aee o/anoue nooaeaioe iaaeaaia?/ieo
oaeoeueoao?a, iaaeo/eeeua, a/eoae? oa o/i? caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e i?no
Eooeueea, Iiaiaieeinueea, ??aiiai, Oa?iiiiey.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa?:

– a ia??oiooaaii? ci?noo oa no?oeoo?e nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oa ooi/iaii? iiiyoue:
“iaaeaaia?/ia oaoiieia?y”, “eiii`thoa?i? oaoiieia?? iaa/aiiy”,
“?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??”, “iia? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??”,
“?ioi?iaoe?eia eoeueoo?a a/eoaey”;

– o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee aeyaeaiiy ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oa ?o
ooieoe?iiaeueii? aioiaiino? aei aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o
ii/aoeia?e oeie?, iniiaieie eiiiiiaioaie yei? aenooiathoue eiie?aoi?
e?eoa???, ye? aeicaieythoue ioe?ieoe ??aaiue i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a ca
iaaieie ia?aiao?aie;

– o aeyaeaii? iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia, ye? aoaeoeaii aieeaathoue ia
oi?ioaaiiy iia?aoe?eiiai eiiiiiaioo aioiaiino? iniaenoino? aei
canoinoaaiiy iiaeo cania?a iaa/aiiy: iineeaiiy iioeaaoe?? iniaenoino?
aei nenoaiaoe/ii? iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino?; ?icoe?aiiy ?aiie oa
i?aeaeuaiiy ?ie? naiino?eii? ?iaioe; noeioethaaiiy oai?/iai ieneaiiy
nooaeaio?a; i?aeaeuaiiy ia`?eoeaiino? ioe?ithaaiiy ciaiue.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe iieyaa? a ia??oiooaaii? aeooaeueiino?
eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ii/aoeiai? oeiee, o
aeaoa?i?iaoe?? ci?noo oa no?oeoo?e aeaii? nenoaie ciaiue, aecia/aii?
aoaeoeaieo oeyo?a ?? canai?iiy nooaeaioaie.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a:

– aeae?eai? ie?ai? eiiiiiaioe i?ioeano ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee
a/eoaey, ye? caaacia/othoue aoaeoeaia canai?iiy ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? iaeaooi?ie oao?aoeyie; iaea?aeai? ocaaaeueiaiiy oa aeniiaee
aeei?enoai? aeey ?ic?iaee iaa/aeueii-iaoiaee/ii? aeieoiaioaoe??,
i?aeaioiaee i?ae?o/iee?a oa iaa/aeueieo iin?aiee?a.

– ?ic?iaeai? iaoeiai-iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c ieoaiue ?ioaineo?eaoe??
i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey aei aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o
iaa/aii? o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? o iiaeoeueiiio no?oeoo?oaaii?
ci?noo niaoeeo?no “Iia? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??”; o ioae?eaoe?yo
iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e oa noaoae, a ooi/iaii? iiiyo?eiiai aia?aoo
aeine?aeaeaiiy; o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee ae?aaiinoeee ??aiy oai?aoe/ii?
i?aeaioiaeaiino? iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a o noa?? aeei?enoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
oaoiieia?e, ?aeoeiaiai? ioe?iee ?o i?aeoe/iiai aeina?aeo.

A??ia?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy caaacia/o?oueny
?ai?acaioaoeai?noth aea??ee, aeei?enoaiiyi eiiieaeno
aca?iiaeiiiaithth/eo iaoiae?a, aaeaeaaoieo ia`?eoo, i?aaeiaoo e
caaaeaiiyi aeine?aeaeaiiy; canoinoaaiiyi eiiieaenii? iaoiaeeee
oai?aoeei-aeia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe; iaoeiaith ia??oioiaai?noth aeo?aeieo
iiceoe?e aeine?aeaeaiiy; ?acoeueoaoaie aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee
?ic?iaeaieo iieiaeaiue ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e; ii?aeiaiiyi ye?niiai oa
e?euee?niiai aiae?co iaea?aeaieo aii??e/ieo aeaieo.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny:

– iiaeaeue ci?noo ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooi?o oao?aoe?a
ii/aoeiai? ina?oe, ni?yiiaaii? ia i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?o
i?ioan?eiiai noaiiaeaiiy;

– oai?aoe/ii ia??oioiaai? e?eoa??? ioe?iee ??aiy canai?iiy nooaeaioaie
nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??, ye? aeicaieythoue ioe?ieoe
??aaiue i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a ca eiie?aoieie ia?aiao?aie;

– aaeaioeaia i?ia?aia canai?iiy nooaeaioaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? oa nenoaia ?aeoeiaiaiai eiio?ieth ca ?acoeueoaoaie
iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino?;

– iaoiaeeea aiae?co oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee aoaeoeaiino? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c ieoaiue oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeany
ia ?ioi?iaoe?eiiio oa i?aeoe/iiio ??aiyo: /a?ac ioae?eaoe?th iaoeiaeo
iaoa??ae?a, a yeeo iiaeaaaeeny iioi/i? ?acoeueoaoe oa aeniiaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy; ?ic?iaeo iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c aeooaeueieo
ieoaiue iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano aeui? oa caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oe?e;
aeei?enoaiiy iaoa??ae?a oa aeine?aeieoeueeeo ?acoeueoao?a, iaea?aeaieo o
i?ioean? iaoeiaiai iiooeo; /a?ac i?aeaioiaeo aeiiia?aeae oa aenooi?a ia
iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ieo oa iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo o i?noao
Eooeueeo (1989, 1991-1998 ??.), ??aiiio (1994 – 1997 ??.), A?ano?
(A?ei?on?y, 1996-1997 ??.), Ee?a? (1997-1998 ??.), ia nai?ia?ao ? eo?nao
i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a a iaeaniiio
?inoeooo? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a; i?iaiaeeeeny
eaeoe?? oa eaai?aoi?ii-i?aeoe/i? caiyooy c aeei?enoaiiyi ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeey nooaeaio?a iaaeaaia?/iiai oaeoeueoaoo Aieeinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Ean? Oe?a?iee.

Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a,
nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (212), aeiaeaoe?a. O ?iaio? iaaaaeaii 23
oaaeeoe?, 16 ?enoie?a, ye? caeiathoue 17,5 noi??iie. Ianya aeena?oaoe??
– 158 noi??iie ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O anooi? ia??oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue ia?aii? i?iaeaie, noai ??
aeine?aeaeaiino?, aecia/aii iaoo, ia`?eo, i?aaeiao, a?iioaco ? caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ie?aneaii aeaoa?i?iiaai?noue i?iaeaie iaoeiaiai iiooeo,
noi?ioeueiaaii iaoeiao iiaecio, oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy,
?ice?eoi aeaea?aeueio aaco, iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a, ai?iaaoe?th
iniiaieo ?acoeueoao?a iaoeiai-iiooeiai? ?iaioe oa iaaaaeai? aeai? i?i
no?oeoo?o ?iaioe.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy “Nenoaia ciaiue
a/eoaey i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? ye iaaeaaia?/ia i?iaeaia”
?icaeyaeathoueny ?noi?e/i? aniaeoe ia?aii? oaie a oai??? oa i?aeoeoe?
iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee; cae?enith?oueny nenoaiiee aiae?c iaoeiaeo i?aoeue c
aeeiai?ee ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e; aena?oeththoueny i?aeoiaee aei
?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey o ?ao?iniaeoeaiiio eiioaeno?.

Aiae?c i?iaeaie a ?noi?e/iiio aniaeo? aeicaieea ae?iaeoe aeanio
iiceoe?th o cae?eniaii? iiooeiai-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe a
aeine?aeaeaii? aeei?enoaiiy a/eoaeai iiaeo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o
i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino?. Ia??oiooaaiiy iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei oi?ioaaiiy
o iaeaooi?o o/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? iiaea?oueny iaie c iiceoe?e iaaeaaia?/ii? oaoiieia??, yea
?icaeyaea?oueny o aeine?aeaeaii? ye nenoaiaoe/ia ? iine?aeiaia ao?eaiiy
a i?aeoeeo iaia?aae ni?iaeoiaaiiai iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano, yeee
aeicaiey? ?icaeaaoe i?ioan?ei? ciaiiy nooaeaioa. O iaoiio aeine?aeaeaii?
aeaoa?i?iiaai? /ioe?e ?noi?e/i? ia??iaee o?ainoi?iaoe?? iiiyoue a?ae
“oaoiieia?? a ina?o?” aei “iaaeaaia?/ii? oaoiieia??”. Iniiao
iaaeaaia?/ii? oaoiieia?? neeaaea? iaaeaaia?/ia nenoaia, iaeiei ?c
eiiiiiaio?a yei? ia no/aniiio aoai? ? eiii`thoa? ye can?a iaa/aiiy.

Ocaaaeueithth/e i?aeoiaee aei aecia/aiiy ci?noo iiiyooy “iia?
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??”, ie nie?aeenue ia ianooiio eiai
aeaoa?i?iaoe?th: iia? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? (I?O), ?icaeyaeathoueny
iaie ye eiiieaen no/anieo iaa/aeueieo, aeeaeaeoe/ii-iaoiaee/ieo
iaoa??ae?a, oaoi?/ieo oa ?ino?oiaioaeueieo cania?a ia?iaee, caa?aaeaiiy,
ia?aaea/?, a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??, yeee aeei?enoiao?oueny a/eoaeai o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c caeiiii??iinoyie iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano.

Iniiai? iai?yiee aeei?enoaiiy a/eoaeai o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? cania?a
I?O ia??oioiaothoueny iaie ia iniia? aea/aiiy iaoeiaeo ia?oiaeaea?ae oa
aeaniiai aeaoa?i?iiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei ?ice?eooy ?o noo?. Oea
aeicaieeei o oiae? ?aae?caoe?? eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo
aeeoa?aioe?thaaoe iniaeeaino? i?ioeano canai?iiy iaeaooi?ie a/eoaeyie
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a cania?a I?O, yeee ia?aaeaa/a? o nai?e no?oeoo?? aeaa
aoaie: ia?oee – caniae I?O aenooiathoue i?aaeiaoii iaa/aeueii?
ae?yeueiino? iniaenoino?; ae?oaee – a?aeaoaa?oueny ia?aoai?aiiy cania?a
I?O o cia?yaeaey i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? iaeaooiueiai niaoe?ae?noa.

Ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo aeaei ciiao
aeae?eeoe iniiai? i?iaeaie, ye? ? oeiiaeie aeey i?ioeano ?ioi?iaoecaoe??
no/anii? aeui? oa caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee:

– iaiao?aei?noue ia?aaeyaeo oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue aeeaeaeoeee ?
iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e;

– iio?aaa o?ainoi?iaoe?? eiiiiiaio?a iaaeaaia?/ii? nenoaie;

– iniauai?noue oe?e ??cieie oeiaie eiii`thoa?ii? oaoi?ee;

– iaiaaeaia caaacia/ai?noue aeui? oa caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee
aenieiye?nieie i?ia?aiieie caniaaie;

– iaaeinoaoiy i?aeaioiaea a/eoae?a aei aeei?enoaiiy cania?a I?O o
i?ioean? i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?;

– ia?ic?iaeai?noue ieoaiue iaoiaeeee ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy
eiii`thoa?ii? oaoi?ee.

Aeoeaiooth/e oaaao ia i?iaeai? iaaeinoaoiuei? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a aei
aeei?enoaiiy cania?a I?O o i?ioean? i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? ye
aeii?ioth/?e, ie ia?aaeaa/eee, ui ?? ?ica`ycaiiy caeaaeeoue a?ae
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? i?ioeano ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee oeyoii
canoinoaaiiy iia?oi?o aeeaeaeoe/ieo iaoiaeee. ?ioi?iaoe?eio i?aeaioiaeo
o iao?e ?iaio? ?icaeyaea?ii ye i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy o nooaeaio?a nenoaie
ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??, oi?iue oa iaae/ie ?o i?aeoe/iiai
aeei?enoaiiy aeey i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a no/ani?e
oeie?.

I?iaaaeaiee a oiae? eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo aiae?c iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue ?.I.Aiaaeaiiai?, I.I.Aoiy?aa, I.?.AEaeaeaea, I.I.Eai/eea,
I.A.Eaeaianueeiai, A.E.Iao?iniaa, I.A.Iai/aiei, I.?.Oe?ey oa ?ioeo
iaoeiaoe?a aeaa ciiao i?inoaaeeoe aaiethoe?th o i?aeoiaeao aei
?ica`ycaiiy i?iaeaie ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a, o
ye?e ie aeae?ey?ii o?e ia??iaee. Aeey ia?oiai ia??iaeo oa?aeoa?iith
?enith ? ni?yiiaai?noue ia oi?ioaaiiy o nooaeaio?a ciaiue iiaeeeaeo
canoinoaaiue eiii`thoa?a aac oi?iue eiai i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoaiiy.
Ae?oaee ia??iae oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ia?ai???ioaoe??th ia aea/aiiy
iaeaooi?ie a/eoaeyie iniia i?ia?aioaaiiy. C e?ioey 80-o ?ie?a
ci?iththoueny i?aeoiaee aei ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey. Nooue
oeeo ci?i i?iyaey?oueny a oiio, ui ci?no ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee
a/eoaey ni?yiiao?oueny ia i?aeaioiaeo ei?enooaa/a no/anii? eiii`thoa?ii?
oaoi?ee. Ioaea, ?noi?e/ia ?ao?iniaeoe?y aeei?enoaiiy eiii`thoa??a o
no/anieo caeeaaeao ina?oe aeicaiey? eiinoaooaaoe, ui iaea?eueoo
i?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue aeey iaeaooiuei? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? ia?
iaaoooy nooaeaioaie ? a/eoaeyie ciaiue oa i?aeoe/ieo iaae/ie
aeei?enoaiiy AII aeey i?aeaioiaee, caa??aaiiy, ia?iaee oaenoiai? ?
a?ao?/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??, yea a?aee?eaa? oeyo aei oi?ioaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
eoeueoo?e iniaenoino?.

Aiae?coth/e iaoeiao e?oa?aoo?o, a ye?e ?ice?eaathoueny iniiae
?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ii/aoeiai? oeiee,
ocaaaeueithth/e i?aeoe/iee aeina?ae ?ica`ycaiiy aeine?aeaeoaaii?
i?iaeaie aeyaeee, ui oea caaaeaiiy ?aae?co?oueny o iiai?e i???, yeui
oaea i?aeaioiaea cae?enith?oueny ia iniia? a?ia?iiai (aeaioaniaeoiiai)
oe?eaiieeaaeaiiy. Eiai nooue iieyaa? o oiio, ui aeioneiee iaaeoaeo
iiaeiai aooe i?aeaioiaeaiee aei aeei?enoaiiy cania?a iiaeo
?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o iaa/aeuei?e ? iicaeeani?e ?iaio? c
iieiaeoeie oeiey?aie c iaeiiai aieo, ?, c ?ioiai, a?i ia? caaacia/eoe
oi?ioaaiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e o/i?a.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? “Aeeaeaeoe/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy ciaiue
o nooaeaio?a i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??” i?iaiae?ciaaii
iaaeaaia?/ii-i?ciaaaeuei? iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
eoeueoo?e o/i?a o i?ioean? iaa/aiiy; iiaeaii
aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia ia??oiooaaiiy ci?noo ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey ii/aoeiai? oeiee; ocaaaeueiaii ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??.

Aeaoa?i?iiaaii a ?aieao iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iinoaei caaaeaiiy
aeae?eeoe iniaeeaino? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a
c ieoaiue oi?ioaaiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e iieiaeoeo oeiey??a.
Na?aae ieo ie aeoeaioo?ii oaaao ia iaiao?aeiino? a?aooaaiiy
neooaoeaiino? ni?eeiaiiy o/iyie ii/aoeiaeo eean?a iaa/aeueii?
?ioi?iaoe??, o?oaeiiuao a aano?aaoaaii? ?noioieo iciae ??cieo
i?aaeiao?a; ia??oioiaaiiio aeiai?? ci?noo eo?no ii/aoeiai? ?ioi?iaoeee,
aeai?? aaeaeaaoieo oi?i oa cania?a i?aai?caoe?? i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino? o/i?a oa ia ?ioeo iniaeeainoyo.

O oiae? i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy i?eeoee aei aeniiaeo, ui aeei?enoaiiy
a/eoaeai ii/aoeiaeo eean?a eiii`thoa?ii? oaoi?ee, i?ia?aiiiai
caaacia/aiiy o iaa/aii? o/i?a ia? a?aeiia?aeaoe oaeei iaaeaaia?/iei
oiiaai:

– aeio?eiaiith i?eioeeio ca`yceo iaa/aiiy c aeeooyi (aeei?enoaiiy
aiaeia?a no/anieo nenoai ia?iaee oaenoiai?, a?ao?/ii?, ioce/ii?
?ioi?iaoe??);

– i?aai?caoe?? aea/aiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoeee ia ?ioo?oeaii-i?aeoe/-iiio
??ai?;

– a?aooaaiith iniaeeainoae oaaae iieiaeoiai oeiey?a;

– ?aaeaiaioaoe?? /ano ?iaioe o/iy c iaoeiith oa ?i.

Iaeiei ?c caaaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy, yea ?ica`ycoaaee a oiae?
iiooeiai-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe, aoei ia??oiooaaiiy ci?noiaiai
eiiiiiaioo nenoaie ciaiue a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia??. ?ino?oiaioaeueiith i?ioeaaeo?ith a?aeai?o iaea?eueo
?ai?acaioaoeaieo ia`?eo?a c iaoee o ci?no aeaii? i?aeaioiaee aoea
i?ioan?eia ni?yiiaai?noue, aiae?c aeiia, ye? noaaeyoueny aei
iiiaieeaoo?e a?aeiiinoae, yeeie ia? aieiae?oe a/eoaeue ii/aoeiai? oeiee.
Ie a?aooaaee niaoeeo?eo eiai oi?aae?inueei? ae?yeueiino?, ooieoe??,
?aae?caoe?y yeeo a?aeaoaa?oueny o oiae? oe??? ae?yeueiino? oa aecia/eee
noeoii?noue caaea/, ye? ?ica`ycothoueny caniaaie I?O. Oe? iieiaeaiiy
?aae?coaaeeny ia i?aeoeoe? /a?ac iiaoaeiao eia?/ii? no?oeoo?e ci?noo
?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, yeo ie ?ic?iaeyee
ia iniia? iaoiaeeee. cai?iiiiiaaii? A.I.Aaniaeueeii.

Aeaia no?oeoo?a aeeth/a? a naaa ciaiiy nooaeaioaie iniiaieo iiiyoue
?ioi?iaoeee; aoaeiae ia?niiaeueiiai eiii`thoa?a; i?ia?aiiiai
caaacia/aiiy caaaeueiiai i?ecia/aiiy; oeyo?a aeei?enoaiiy IAII aeey:
?aae?caoe?? i?eioeeio iai/iino?; aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano;
eiio?ieth ca iaa/aeueiith ae?yeuei?noth o/i?a; ae?aaiinoeee
i?ciaaaeueii? noa?e o/iy. Ie?aiei aeieii o no?oeoo?? aenooiathoue ciaiiy
iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a i?i oeyoe oi?ioaaiiy iniia
?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e iieiaeoeo oeiey??a. I?iaaaeaia o oiae?
eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo aieaooaaiiy aeaei ciiao anoaiiaeoe, ui
nooaeaioe ia aeineoue iecueeiio ??ai? ona?aeiieththoue iiaeeeaino?
aeei?enoaiiy a/eoaeai ii/aoeiaeo eean?a eiii`thoa?ieo nenoai ia?iaee
?ioi?iaoe?? o i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino? i?i ui na?ae/aoue aeai?,
ocaaaeueiai? a oaaeeoe? 1.

Oaaeeoey 1. ??aaiue ?icoi?iiy nooaeaioaie iiaeeeainoae aeei?enoaiiy

a/eoaeai eiii`thoa?ieo nenoai ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??
(E-119, a %)

Nenoaie ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??Aeaiaioe oeeeeo oi?aae?i-

nueei? ae?yeueiino? a/eoaeyOaeno.

?aae. A?ao.

?aae. Ioc.

?aae.Aeaeo?.

oaae. Aace

aeaieo1. Ieaioaaiiy

2. I?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii?

ae?yeueiino? o/i?a

3. Noeioethaaiiy i?ciaa.

aeoeaiino? o/i?a

4. Iioi/iee eiio?ieue ?

ei?aeoe?y

5. Aiae?c aoaeoeaiino?

cana. o/iyie iaa/. iaoa?. 62,5

26,1

19,3

26,1

36,1 31,9

36,1

21,1

30,3

26,9 7,6

27,7

63,0

4,2

10,9 34,5

22,7

10,9

41,2

30,3 51,3

26,9

9,2

18,5

25,2Aeey ae?aaiinoeee ?aaeueiiai ??aiy iayaieo o nooaeaio?a ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa ?o aeei?enoaiiy o iaa/aii? o/i?a aoea
?ic?iaeaia ? ?aae?ciaaia eiii`thoa?ia oanoiaa iaoiaeeea, ca yeith
nooaeaioai i?iiiioaaeiny ioe?ieoe ?noeii?noue aai oeai?noue
oaa?aeaeaiue, ye? a?aeia?aaeaee ci?no ae?aaiinoe/ieo iciae iaa/aeueieo
aeaiaio?a ?ic?iaeaii? iiaeae?.

C iaoith aeyaeaiiy ia o?eueee aeaeea?aoeaiiai ??aiy iiaa?oiaeo ciaiue
nooaeaio?a, yeee aaco?oueny ia anioe?aoeaieo ca`yceao “eeth/iaeo” ne?a,
aea e a?eueo aeeaieiai ??aiy ?aaeueii oe?iieo iia?aoe?eieo ciaiue, yeee
aeicaiey? aeei?enoiaoaaoe io?eiai? ciaiiy ia i?aeoeoe?, ie aeeth/eee a
aeaio noeoii?noue oaa?aeaeaiue oaa?aeaeaiiy-aeeno?aeoi?e
(oaeueo-aeueoa?iaoeae), ye? a?aeia?aaeaee ia?nioth/? iciaee iiaeae?.

Iaea?aeai? a oiae? oanooaaiiy ?acoeueoaoe iiaea?ii o aeaeyae? a?noia?aie
(?en. 1), /a?ac eiao?oe??ioe canai?iiy iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo. Aiie
aeathoue ciiao eiinoaooaaoe, ui yeui ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? o nooaeaio?a
ciaiue i?i iniiai? iiiyooy ?ioi?iaoeee, aoaeiao ia?niiaeueiiai
eiii`thoa?a, i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy caaaeueiiai i?ecia/aiiy aeecueeee
aei ii?iaoeaiiai (eiao?oe??ioe canai?iiy aa?`ththoueny a iaaeao a?ae
0,53 aei 0,75), oi ciaiiy oeyo?a aeei?enoaiiy IAII aeey ?aae?caoe??
i?eioeeio iai/iino?, aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano, eiio?ieth
ca iaa/aeueiith ae?yeuei?noth o/i?a, ae?aaiinoeee i?ciaaaeueii? noa?e
o/iy canai?i? ia cia/ii ieae/iio ??ai? (aa??aoe?y eiao?oe??io?a
canai?iiy 0,36-0,5). Ua a??oa iaeaooi? a/eoae? ii/aoeiaeo eean?a
canai?ee ciaiiy i?i oeyoe oi?ioaaiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e
iieiaeoeo oeiey??a (eiao?oe??ioe canai?iiy 0,3-0,46). Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo?
iao aeniiaie i?i iaiao?aei?noue i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

wmetafile8? ???en. 1. ??aaiue canai?iiy nooaeaioaie nenoaie ciaiue i?i

?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “?aae?caoe?y nenoaie ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee
iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a” ioa?aeoa?eciaaii
iiooeiai-aenia?eiaioaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ocaaaeueiaii aeeiai?eo
oi?ioaaiiy o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??.

O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy iaie anoaiiaeaii, ui oaeineiiaeaiiy
i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? nooaeaio?a o aoc?
iiaeeeaa ia iniia? canoinoaaiiy iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiaiai? oaoiieia??, yeo
?aae?coaaee a oiae? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo. Ie ia?aeiiaeeny, ui ?iaioa
ca iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiaiaith oaoiieia??th ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith o nooaeaio?a
iiceoeaiiai noaaeaiiy aei iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino?; iineeaiith
iioeaaoe?? iniaenoino? aei nenoaiaoe/ii? iaa/aeueii? ?iaioe;
caoe?eaaeaiith a iaea?aeaii? ciaiue; ?icoe?aiith ?aiie oa i?aeaeuaiith
?ie? naiino?eiiai ?icaeoeo; oaeineiiaeaiith iiaeeeainoae aeey anaa?/iiai
?ice?eooy cae?aiinoae nooaeaio?a, noeioethaaiiy ?o oai?/iai ieneaiiy;
i?aeaeuaiith ia`?eoeaiino? ioe?ithaaiiy ciaiue nooaeaio?a; c?inoaiith
aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe aeeeaaea/a.

O oiae? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo iaa/aeueia ?iaioa iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a aoea i?aai?ciaaia ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
aei/ii-iiaeoeueiiai aa??aioo i?ia?aie, a ?ic?iaoe? yei? ie nie?aeeny ia
eiioeaioe?th iiaeoeueiino? iaa/aiiy, ?ic?iaeaio A.I.Aeaentheii. O iaoiio
aeine?aeaeaii? iaa/aeuei? iiaeoe? i?ia?aie ia`?aeiai? iaaeiei o?ueio
?aeae: oi?ioaaiiy o nooaeaio?a eiii`thoa?ii? a?aiioiino?, oi?iue oa
iaae/ie ei?enooaa/a no/anii? eiii`thoa?ii? oaoi?ee; i?aai?caoe??
iaoiaee/ii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a aei
aeei?enoaiiy iiaeo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e o iaa/aii? o/i?a;
ae?iaeaiiy o nooaeaio?a iaaeaaia?/iiai oaeoeueoaoo i?ioan?eieo iaae/ie
caaacia/aiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e iieiaeoeo oeiey??a.

O oiae? iiooeiai? ?iaioe aeieeea iaiao?aei?noue canoinoaaiiy
?aeoeiaiaiai iae?eo ciaiue nooaeaio?a, aoaeoeai?noue yeiai
i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ?acoeueoaoaie oe?eiai ?yaeo iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue
(A.?.A?caianoeaa, TH.A.Aiiaea?/oe, I.I.Aaee/ei, I.I.Aoaeceinueeee,
A.A.Caaeioeueeee, I.?.Oe?eue oa ?i.). Aeey ia`?eoeaii? ioe?iee ??aiy
canai?iiy iaeaooi?ie a/eoaeyie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa ?o
aeei?enoaiiy aoea ?ic?iaeaia aaaaoiaaeueia oeaea. Aeeaeaeoe/iee iaoa??ae
caeeaaeaiee o eiaeiiio ooieoe?iiaeueiiio aeioe? i?ia?aie ioe?ithaaany 60
aaeaie. Ine?eueee e?euee?noue iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueieo iiaeoe?a o
ooieoe?iiaeueieo aeieao aoea ??ciith, a?aeiia?aeii aa?`thaaeanue ioe?iea
ci?noo eiaeiiai iiaeoey ca aeieaie. Aeeaeaeoe/iee iaoa??ae eiaeiiai c 12
iiaeoe?a OA? ioe?ithaaany 5 aaeaie, OA?? – 12 aaeaie, OA??? – 10 aaeaie.

Aeey eiaeiiai ooieoe?iiaeueiiai aeieo aoee aecia/ai? ii?iaoeai? cia/aiiy
o ??ai? canai?iiy nooaeaioii ci?noo iiaeoe?a. Oni?oiei ia?aaeaa/aeinue
canai?iiy iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo ia ??ai? a?eueoa 3,5 aae?a aeey
iiaeoe?a aeieo OA?, 8,4 aaea aeey iiaeoe?a OA?? oa 7 aae?a -aeey OA???.
Aeai? cia/aiiy eia?/ii ocaiaeaeothoueny c aea?aiei o aeine?aeaeaii?
i?aeoiaeii aei ioe?iee ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? i???iooaaeueii? iniiae
ae?yeueiino? iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey (ii?iaoeaiee eiao?oe??io canai?iiy
iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo E=0,7).

A?aeiia?aeii aei aeaiiai iaoai?cio ioe?iee ??aiy ciaiue, ii?iaoeaiee
?aeoeia nooaeaioa c eiaeiiai ooieoe?iiaeueiiai aeieo neeaaeaa 42 aaee, a
c onueiai eo?no – 126 aae?a. Iaeaeuee ?aeoeia iaeaooiueiai niaoe?ae?noa
i?ney canai?iiy eo?no noaiiaea 180 aae?a.

Ioe?iea ?acoeueoaoeaiino? oi?ioaaiiy o nooaeaio?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? i?iaiaeeeanue iaie ca oaeeie ia?aiao?aie:
?icoi?iiy caaaeaiue oa ci?noo ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a; aieiae?iiy oi?iiyie oa iaae/eaie ei?enooaa/a IAII;
iayai?noue noi?iiaaieo ciaiue i?i oeyoe aeei?enoaiiy I?O o iaa/aii?
o/i?a; iayai?noue iaiao?aeiiai ia`?io ciaiue aeey oi?ioaaiiy iniia
?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e iieiaeoeo oeiey??a.

Aiae?c ? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th iaea?aeaieo a oiae? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo
?acoeueoao?a ca eiaeiei ?c ia?aiao??a ie i?iaiaeeee c aeei?enoaiiyi
noaoenoe/ieo iaoiae?a ca caaaeueiith noaiith, yea aeeth/aea oae? aoaie:
ocaaaeueiaiiy e?euee?nieo aeaieo – iiaoaeiaa ?iciiae?eo ca?oiiaaieo
/anoio eiao?oe??io?a canai?iiy iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo; a?ao?/ia iiaeaiiy
iaea?aeaiiai ?iciiae?eo ca?oiiaaieo /anoio; anoaiiaeaiiy iayaiino?
oeaio?aeueieo oaiaeaioe?e a iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoaoao (ia/eneaiiy
na?aaeiueiai eiao?oe??ioa canai?iiy ca aeai?eaie); aeine?aeaeaiiy
iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a ia i?aaeiao anoaiiaeaiiy oa?aeoa?o ?o
?icn?yiino?, i?ieeaino? (ia/eneaiiy aeenia?n?e) ca oi?ioeith:
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,

aea O? – cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioo canai?iiy aeey iaaiiai nooaeaioa ca
a?aeiia?aeiei ia?aiao?ii, n – e?euee?noue ?acoeueoao?a, io?eiaieo o
oiae? ioe?iee ??aiy canai?iiy nooaeaioaie aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa
eiio?ieueieo a?oi iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo ca aeaiei ia?aiao?ii;
aecia/aiiy oa?aeoa?o a?aei?iiinoae o ??ai? ?icn?yiino? ?acoeueoao?a,
iieacaieo nooaeaioaie eiio?ieueieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi ca
aeiiiiiaith F – e?eoa??th O?oa?a:
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 ,

aea D1, D2 – aeenia?n?? aeai?ie, i?e/iio caaaeaee aeae?a?oueny D1 > D2,
n1- ia`?i aeai?ee c D1, a n2 – ia`?i aeai?ee c D2.

C iaoith ocaaaeueiaiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a oa aeey ae?iaeaiiy
aeniiae?a i?i aoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee
iaie, aeey eiaeiiai nooaeaioa ia/enethaaeany ?ioaa?aeueia, noiaoeaia
ioe?iea ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? o iueiai nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? oa ?o aeei?enoaiiy o iaa/aii? o/i?a. Iaea?aeaiee ?iciiae?e
io?eiaieo ioe?iie iiaea?ii o aeaeyae? a?ao?ea (?en.2).

Iiaeai? ia a?ao?eo aeai? na?ae/aoue, ui ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? nenoaie
ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o nooaeaio?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi
cia/ii aeuee o ii??aiyii? c nooaeaioaie eiio?ieueieo a?oi (na?aaeiy
?ioaa?aeueia ioe?iea ??aiy canai?iiy noaiiaeoue 0,8 oa 0,58 aeey
nooaeaio?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa eiio?ieueieo a?oi a?aeiia?aeii).

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yyy????a??>????E?>????yyy????????????E??????>?
?????????en.2. ?ioaa?aeuei? ioe?iee ??aiy canai?iiy ciaiue
nooaeaioaie

Iaea?aeai? o oiae? ii??aiyeueiiai aenia?eiaioo ?acoeueoaoe aeathoue
ciiao c?iaeoe ia??oioiaai? aeniiaee i?i oa, ui i?aai?caoe?y
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? nooaeaio?a iaaeaaia?/iiai
oaeoeueoaoo ca ?ic?iaeaiith iaie aenia?eiaioaeueiith iaoiaeeeith ?
a?eueo aoaeoeaiith oi?iith oi?ioaaiiy o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa ?o aeei?enoaiiy o
iaa/aii? iieiaeoeo oeiey??a. Aeai? aeniiaee i?aeoaa?aeaeai? iaoiaeii
iaeiioaeoi?iiai aeenia?n?eiiai aiae?co.

Ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaei, ui oi?ioaaiiy
nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, ca oiiae a?aeiia?aeiiai i?aeoiaeo aei ?o ?aae?caoe??,
iiaea i?e?iaeiuei aeoiaeeoe ca iaae? aoaeeoi?ieo caiyoue, aooe ?o
i?iaeiaaeaiiyi o iicaiaa/aeueieo caoiaeao oa noeioethth/a aieeaaoe ia
noaaeaiiy nooaeaio?a aei iiiiaiaiiy iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??.

Ia iniia? aea/aiiy iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e, aiae?co aeaieo eiinoaooth/iai ?
oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaio?a iaie c?iaeai? oae? aeniiaee:

1. ?ioi?iaoecaoe?y nenoaie aeui? ina?oe ye iaeia c eaiie caaaeueiiai
i?ioeano i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee oao?aoey, c iaeiiai aieo, ia? ia iao?
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? iaa/aiiy nooaeaio?a caaaeyee ?icoe?aiith
ianya?a ?ioi?iaoe?? oa aaeineiiaeaiith iaoiae?a ?? canai?iiy, a c
ae?oaiai – ni?yiiaaia ia oa, uia iaeaooi? a/eoae? iiaee canoiniaoaaoe
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o i?ioan?ei?e ae?yeueiino?.

2. O i?ioean? eiii`thoa?ecaoe?? iaa/aiiy a na?aaei?e ? aeu?e oeie?
i?inoaaeothoueny aea? oaiaeaioe??: aeei?enoaiiy eiii`thoa?a a yeino?
caniao iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino?; ?icaeyae eiii`thoa?a ye eaiee
?ioi?iaoe?eii? oaoiieia??, ia`?eoo aea/aiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy eiii`thoa?a
a yeino? ia`?eoo aea/aiiy ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeyaea?oueny a eiioaeno?
iiaeo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e. I?ioean iaieiae?iiy iaeaooi?ie
a/eoaeyie ii/aoeiaeo eean?a caniaaie I?O aecia/a?oueny ye noeoii?noue
aeaio aoai?a: ia ia?oiio aoai? caniae I?O aenooiathoue i?aaeiaoii
iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino? iniaenoino?; ia ae?oaiio aoai? a?aeaoaa?oueny
ia?aoai?aiiy cania?a I?O o cia?yaeaey i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?
iaeaooiueiai niaoe?ae?noa.

3. Ci?no ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a o
aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii? iiaea?oueny ?iaa??aioiei c iiceoe?e
?aeae ?ioi?iaoeee ? aa??aoeaiei c iiceoe?e i?aaeiaoii? ?ethno?aoe?? oeeo
?aeae, ui iaoiiaeaii a?eiaeie oa ?iaeea?aeoaeueieie iniaeeainoyie o/i?a
iieiaeoiai oe?eueiiai a?eo. No?oeoo?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ii/aoeiaeo eean?a aeeth/a? a naaa ciaiiy
iniiaieo iiiyoue ?ioi?iaoeee; aoaeiae ia?niiaeueiiai eiii`thoa?a;
i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy caaaeueiiai i?ecia/aiiy; oeyo?a aeei?enoaiiy
IAII aeey: ?aae?caoe?? i?eioeeio iai/iino?; aeeoa?aioe?aoe??
iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano; eiio?ieth ca iaa/aeueiith ae?yeuei?noth o/i?a;
ae?aaiinoeee i?ciaaaeueii? noa?e o/iy; ciaiiy oeyo?a oi?ioaaiiy iniia
?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e iieiaeoeo oeiey??a.

4. Aecia/aeueiith oiiaith oi?ioaaiiy o nooaeaio?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? oa ?o aeei?enoaiiy o iaa/aii? o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo
eean?a ? canoinoaaiiy iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiaiai? nenoaie iaa/aiiy, o oiae?
yeiai a oiiaao ii?aeiaiiy ??ciiooieoe?iiaeueieo oi?i i?aai?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? oai?aoeei-i?eeeaaeiiai,
eiino?oeoeaii-oai?/iai, oaoiieia?/iiai ni?yioaaiiy o iiai?e i???
a?aeaoaa?oueny ?aae?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-ei?aaoth/i?, noeioethth/i? oa
oi?aae?inueei? ooieoe?e iaa/aiiy.

5. ?ic?iaeaia i?ia?aia canai?iiy nooaeaioaie nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? ia?aaeaa/a? o nai?e no?oeoo?? noeoii?noue
o?ueio ooieoe?iiaeueieo aeie?a, ye? aeeth/athoue a naaa
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeuei? iiaeoe?. Eiaeai iiaeoeue i?ia?aie ? a?aeiinii
naiino?eiith iaeeieoeath, iiaea ?nioaaoe ye ie?aia oe?ea ?, a oie aea
/an, an? iiaeoe? i?ia?aie i?aai?/ii aca?iiiia`ycai? a ?aieao, ye?
aecia/athoueny ci?noii ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a ia
iaaeaaia?/iiio oaeoeueoao?. I?ia?aia aieiae?? iiaeeeainoyie iia?aoeaii?
aaeaioaoe?? aei ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo iniaeeainoae nooaeaioa oa ??aiy eiai
i?aeaioiaee ? caaacia/o? aio/eee cai?ioi?e ca`ycie a nenoai?
“aeeeaaea/-nooaeaio”.

6. ?aeoeiaiaee iae?e ciaiue nooaeaio?a ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaii?
180-aaeueii? oeaee oa iaoai?ci ia?aaaaeaiiy ?aeoeiaiaeo ioe?iie a
o?aaeeoe?eio i`yoeaaeueio oeaeo, yeee aoa canoiniaaiee iaie o oiae?
i?iaaaeaiiy oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo, ? a?eueo ia`?eoeaiei caniaii
ioe?iee ??aiy canai?iiy nooaeaioaie nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? a ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eieie.

7. Aeaeiiiiceoe?y e?eoa??th nenoaiiino? ciaiue ia niaoeeo?/i? e?eoa???
aea? ciiao no?oeoo?ii, ca eiie?aoieie ia?aiao?aie, cae?enieoe
aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueio ia?aa??eo aoaeoeaiino? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c ieoaiue oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. Ci?no ? no?oeoo?a
aeaieo ia?aiao??a o iaoiio aeine?aeaeaii? /?oei ? iaeiicia/ii
iieno?oueny a?aeiia?aeieie ?i iciaeaie.

8. Cia/i? a?aei?iiino? o ??ai? canai?iiy nooaeaioaie eiio?ieueieo
(En=0,58) ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo (En=0,8) a?oi ci?noo ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
i?aeaioiaee na?ae/aoue i?i aoaeoeai?noue i?iaaaeaii? iiooeiai? ?iaioe c
i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a nenoaie
ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??.

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ia ae/a?io? an?o aniaeo?a iinoaaeaieo i?iaeai.
Iiaeaeueoiai aea/aiiy iio?aaothoue ieoaiiy i?aai?caoe?? iaaeaaia?/ii?
i?aeoeee nooaeaio?a c oi?ioaaiiy iniia ?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e
iieiaeoeo oeiey??a, aaoiiaoecaoe?? oi?aae?iiy i?ioeanii canai?iiy
iaeaooi?ie a/eoaeyie ii/aoeiaeo eean?a nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
oaoiieia??.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii o oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Aoiueei N.I. Iniaeeaino? ?iaioe a/eoaey c i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy
?ioi?iaoe?eii? eoeueoo?e iieiaeoeo oeiey??a // Iaoeiaee a?niee AAeO. –
Eooeuee: AAeO, 1999. – ?1. – N.15-18.

2. Aoiueei N.I. ?noi?e/i? aniaeoe i?iaeaie ?ioi?iaoe?eii? i?aeaioiaee
a/eoaey // Iaoeiaee a?niee AAeO. – Eooeuee: AAeO, 1998. – ?2. – N.7-8.

3. Aoiueei N.I. Oaoiieia?y i?aeaioiaee iaeaooi?o oao?aoe?a o i?ioean?
iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii? ae?yeueiino? // Iaoeiaee a?niee AAeO. –
Eooeuee: AAeO, 1999. – ?1. – N.1-5.(o ni?aaaoi?noa? – Niiethe ?.I.,
aaoi?nueeeo: 0,4 ae.a.)

4. Aoiueei N.I. I?aeaioiaea nooaeaio?a iaaeoaeo aei aeei?enoaiiy cania?a
iiaeo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e // Iaoeia? caienee ani??aio?a. –
Eooeuee: AAAe, 1997. -Aei. 3. – N.16-20.

5. Aoiueei N.I. Iaoiaee/ia ?ic?iaea eaai?aoi?ieo caiyoue c ?ioi?iaoeee ?
ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee (?icae?e “I?ia?aioaaiiy ia IIE”) aeey
nooaeaio?a oaeoeueoaoo i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. –
Eooeuee, 1993. – 64 n. (o ni?aaaoi?noa?, aao. 1,6 ae.a.).

6. Aoiueei N.I. Iaoiaee/ia ?ic?iaea eaai?aoi?ieo caiyoue c niaoeeo?no
“Aeei?enoaiiy eiii`thoa?ii? oaoi?ee a ii/aoeia?e oeie?” (?icae?e
“Aeei?enoaiiy IIE”) aeey nooaeaio?a iaaeaaia?/iiai oaeoeueoaoo. –
Eooeuee, 1994. – 61 n. (o ni?aaaoi?noa?, aao. 1,6 ae.a.).

AIIOAOe??

Aoiueei N.I. Oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o
iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee. –
Aieeinueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i. Ean? Oe?a?iee, Eooeuee, 1998.

O aeena?oaoe?? iiaea?i?ciaaii ci?no oa no?oeoo?o nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.
Oai?aoe/ii ia??oioiaaii oa aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??aii oaoiieia?th
i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee nooaeaio?a, oi?ioaaiiy o ieo nenoaie ciaiue i?i
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? o i?ioean? iaa/aeueii-i?ciaaaeueii?
ae?yeueiino?. Anoaiiaeaii, ui oi?ioaaiiy o iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a nenoaie
ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia?? aaco?oueny ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
aeoeaieo iaoiae?a iaa/aiiy, ?aae?caoe?? iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiaiai?
oaoiieia?? i?aai?caoe?? iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: iia? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??, ?ioi?iaoe?eia
i?aeaioiaea, nenoaia ciaiue i?i ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??, i?ioan?eia
i?aeaioiaea.

Gunko S.A. Formation of a system of knowledge on informational
technologies in training of teachers. – a Manuscript.

Thesis on cosearching for scientific degree of candidate of pedagogical.
– sciences – 13.00.01 – a theory and history of pedagogics. – Volyn
state university named after L.Ukrainka, Lutsk, 1998.

Urgency of the elekted problems and the condition of its research is
given in the thesis. In the introduction the author determined the
purpose, object, subject and hypothesis.

In the first section of the dissertation which is named “Knowledge
system of teacher on informational technologies as a pedagogical
problem” the historikal aspects of the elected problem in the theory and
practice of pedagogical science is given; and different approaches to
informational technologies in training teachers are mofivated. A special
attention is given to the scientific works devoted to this problem by
english cybernetic G.Pask, american psychologists N.Krauder, B.Skinner,
and such researchers as: B.S.Gershunsky, V.I.Gritsenko, A.N.Dowgallo,
A.P.Yershov, M.I.Jaldak, E.I.Mashbits, T.I.Sergeeva, P.I.Shatrov who
study the problems of process of computerization an education;
V.P.Bespalko, A.S.Nisimchuk, O.S.Padalka, I.O.Smolyk, O.T.Shpak and
others who explored the aspects of development of pedagogical
technologies. In the dissertation the notion “new informational
technologies” is determined as a complex of modern scholastic, didactic
methodical material, technical and tools of processing, conservations,
issues, displaying information in accondance wits regularities is
scholastic-educational process. The main problems peculiar to the
process of informatizations of modern high and secondary school are
differentiated in the work. History retrospice of using the computers in
modern educational establishments has allow to state, that practical
teachers` and students` skills of use PC for preparing, conservations,
processing of textual and graphic information hove the most practical
value for future professional activiti, that opens a way to shaping an
information culture of personality.

In the second section of the thesis “Didactic basis of the formation of
students knowledge on informational technologies”
pedagogically-cognitive particularites of the formation of informational
culture of students in the process of education are analysed;
experimental foundation of the content of the informational training of
students and the results of the learning of the level of forming the
students` knowledge system on informational technologies are given too
as result it was stated that usage of computers in higher educational
establishments is very impotand in the future proffessional activity of
teachers.

The problem of determination particularities of professional teacher
activity of primary school on questions of shaping the basis information
culture of younger schoolboys is decides within the framework of this
study. But the using computer technology by the teachers in the primary
school must correspond to concrete pedagogical conditions. Motivation of
profound system component of information training of teachers of the
primary school is proved.

For the diagnostics of real level students knowledges in the field of
using the informational technologies computer test strategy was used.
Received results confirm and prove that the students` level of mastered
and assimilated knowledge system on informational technologies
insufficient.

In the third section ” Realization of the system of informational
training of future teachers of primary schools” experimental study of
the formation of systematic knowledge on informational technologies is
presented. It was stated that the improvement of organization of
educational-cognitive students` activity in higher educational
establishments is possible on the basis of using modul-rating technology
which was used in the course of undertaking a forming experiment.

Evalution of the results of formation students` knowledge system
students on informational technologies was conduct for such parameters
as: understanding of the problem and content of informational training
of the teacher of primary schools; students possession by skills and
experience of user PC; presence of formed skills of new informational
technologies in teaching pupils; presence of necessary volume of
knowledges for formation of the basis of informational culture. For the
generalisation of the received results and for the production of
motivated outputs about efficience of using an experimental strategy,
integral, summed of a students preparation level was given. Efficiency
of using experimental strategy of the formation a system of students`
knowledge on informational technologies in the practice of pedagogical
faculty is confirmed bu the results of the one factorial analysis of
variance.

Keywords: new informational technologies, information training,
training.

Aoiueei N.I. Oi?ie?iaaiea nenoaiu ciaiee ia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaeyo
o aoaeoueo o/eoaeae ia/aeueiuo eeannia. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee. –
Aieuineee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao ei. Eane Oe?aeiee, Eooee, 1998.

A aeenna?oaoeee iiaea?iece?iaaii niaea?aeaiea e no?oeoo?a nenoaiu ciaiee
ia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaeyo o aoaeoueo o/eoaeae ia/aeueiuo eeannia.
Oai?aoe/anee iainiiaaii e yenia?eiaioaeueii i?iaa?aii oaoiieiaeth
i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee nooaeaioia, oi?ie?iaaiea o ieo nenoaiu
ciaiee ia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaeyo a i?ioeanna o/aaii-iiciaaaoaeueiie
aeayeueiinoe. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi oi?ie?iaaiea o aoaeoueo o/eoaeae nenoaiu
ciaiee ia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaeyo aace?oaony ia iniiaa
eniieueciaaiey aeoeaiuo iaoiaeia iao/aiey, ?aaeecaoeee
iiaeoeueii-?aeoeiaiaie oaoiieiaee i?aaiecaoeee o/aaiiai i?ioeanna.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: iiaua eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee, eioi?iaoeeiiiay
iiaeaioiaea, nenoaia ciaiee ia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaeyo,
i?ioanneiiaeueiay iiaeaioiaea.

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