.

Формування сільських малооб’ємних кооперованих будівель та їх конструктивні особливості: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Т.П. Литвиненко, Полтав. д

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IIEOAANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

?Iai? TH??ss EIIAe?AOTHEA

OAeE 721.011+624.073.6

Eeoaeiaiei Oaoyia Iao??aia

OI?IOAAIIss

N?EUeNUeEEO IAEIIA’?IIEO EIIIA?IAAIEO AOAe?AAEUe

OA ?O EIINO?OEOEAI? INIAEEAINO?

05.23.01- Aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

IIEOAAA 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iieoaanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Oac?i A’y/aneaa
Eineiiae/, Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y
Eiiae?aothea, caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith i?iaeooaaiiy aaoiiia?eueieo aei??a
? n?euenueeeo aoae?aaeue

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Oiieoey Eaii?ae Ieeieaeiae/, Noinueeee
aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith aoae?aaeueieo
eiino?oeoe?e;

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Ae?eiai Ieoaeei Oaaaeueiae/,
Iaeanueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e, aeioeaio
eaoaae?e a?o?oaeoo?ieo eiino?oeoe?e.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa

Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa ?
a?o?oaeoo?e, i. Oa?e?a.

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “11” o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo i 13 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii?( ?aaee Ae 25.01.02 i?e
Iieoaanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? TH??y
Eiiae?aothea ca aae?anith:

314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo, 24, aoae. 234

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Iieoaanueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii ” 9 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Naiei I.A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A?iiaaenueea ianeoaiaoaaiiy a iaeeo naeao ia? nai?
iniaeeaino? ye ia a?aei?io a?ae i?no, oae ? a?ae aaeeeeo oa na?aaei?o
n?e, ui coiiaeaii oa?aeoa?ii ?icnaeaiiy, o?ainii?oieie ca’yceaie,
aeaiia?ao?/iei neeaaeii ianaeaiiy, caeiyo?noth ? niiniaii aeeooy oiui.
Oe? oaeoi?e ni?e/eiythoue iaiao?aei?noue i?aeaeuaiiy nioe?aeueii?
aoaeoeaiino? a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo n?e, aeyaeythoue
niaoeeo?eo iiaoaeiae ia?aae? eiai caeeaae?a, aenoaathoue iaiao?aei?noue
ia?aoiaeo aei nenoaie eiiieaeniiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ianaeaiiy, yea
caaacia/eea a iaea?aeaiiy n?euenueeeie aeeoaeyie iiaiiai iaai?o iineoa
i?e i?i?iaeueieo aeo?aoao /ano iacaeaaeii a?ae aaee/eie e i?noey
?icoaooaaiiy ianaeaiiai ioieoo.

I?e oeueiio a oiiaao iaiaeii??aeieo oi?i ?icnaeaiiy, ??cieo
i?e?iaeii-ee?iaoe/ieo oiiaao, iaiaeiaeiai? iane/aiino?
aei?iaeiuei-o?ainii?oiith ia?aaeath ie?aieo oa?eoi??e, aeioe?eueia
?ic?iaea iioei?caoe?eieo iiaeaeae, ye? aoee a iniiaith aeey noai?aiiy
aaoiiaoeciaaieo nenoai i?iaeooaaiiy aoae?aaeue aeey ianeoaiaoaaiiy
n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy, aeeth/ath/e iaeiaio? naea. Oea aeeeeea?
iaiao?aei?noue oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, yea
a?eueoa a a?aoiaoaaea iio?aae iaeeo ianaeaieo ioieo?a, ? oei?a
aoae?aaeue, ui aoiaeyoue aei neeaaeo ?? iaeieae/eo ??ai?a.

Ine?eueee iiaa eaea i?i aoae?ae? iaeiaioi? i?noeino?, ui ?ai?oa ia
aoiaeeee aei iiiaieeaoo?e oei?a aoae?aaeue ? ye? ca nai?th
a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueiith no?oeoo?ith a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae ?ai?oa
canoiniaaieo i?iaeo?a, i?iiiio?oueny iaceaaoe ?o “n?euenuee?
a?iiaaenuee? iaeiia’?ii? eiiia?iaai? aoae?ae?”.

??ci? aniaeoe i?aai?caoe?? ia?aae a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy,
oeiieia??, ooieoe?iiaeueii?, a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueii? ? eiino?oeoeaii?
no?oeoo?e n?euenueeeo aoae?aaeue aeineoue aeeaiei e aeieeaaeii
aena?oeai? a ?iaioao: A.A. Caiueeiae/a, C.A. Ii?na?iei, A.A. Aieioiaa,
A.?. Ioce/e?ia, I.A. ?iaiaeeii?, A.I. ?iaiaeeia, N.E.Na?e?niaa, A.E.
Eoeaae, I.TH. Eeiiiaaea, A.A. Aeeaea, A.?. A?eoeia, I.I.
Aeueii?ia, A.I. Einaiea, I.I. Ao?oeueiaa, A.E. Oac?ia, A.I.
*eaeaanueeiai, A.?. A??a?oeiaa oa ?i.

Eiiia?iaai? aoae?ae? iaei? i?noeino? ii/aee aeine?aeaeoaaoenue eeoa a
inoaii? ?iee a iniiaiiio iaoiaeii aenia?eiaioaeueiiai i?iaeooaaiiy
C.A. Ii?na?iei, O.A. Aieioiaei, I.TH. Eeiiiaaeii oa ?i.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy:

?ic?iaeoe iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai? i?eioeeie aaeineiiaeaiiy ia?aae?
a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeeoae?a iaeeo n?e oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aei
oi?ioaaiiy iiaeo oei?a n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue,
a?aoiaoth/e ?o ia’?iii-ieaioaaeuei? ? eiino?oeoeai? iniaeeaino?.

Aeey ?aae?caoe?? iinoaaeaii? iaoe iaiao?aeii ae??oeoe oae? caaea/?:

Aeine?aeeoe oi?ioaaiiy oei?a n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue aeey
ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo n?e.

?ic?iaeoe i?iiiceoe?? aei iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy iiaeo oei?a aoae?aaeue
– n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo, ui aeeth/athoue:

?ic?iaeo iiaeae? eiiieaenii? ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy c
aeei?enoaiiyi ?aeeiiai oi?o?eiaaiiai iieacieea i?noeino? c iaoith
?ic?aooieo: ?ici?uaiiy, neeaaeo, i?noeino? (iiooaeiino?) eiiia?iaaieo
iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue;

i?iiiceoe?? uiaei a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueii? i?aai?caoe?? n?euenueeeo
iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue c aecia/aiiyi neeaaeo, ieiu ?
aca?iica’yceo ooieoe?iiaeueieo a?oi i?ei?uaiue, oa ?o ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueiiai ae??oaiiy.

-aeine?aeaeaiiy eiino?oeoeaieo iniaeeainoae n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo
eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue;

-aecia/aiiy i?eeii?a ae??oaiiy aaia?aeueiiai ieaio;

-?ic?iaeo aca?iicai?iieo, c aio/eith ieaioaaeueiith no?oeoo?ith
ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeueieo aeaiaio?a ia?aeiiiai a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa iiaeo oei?a iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue.

Iaa?oiooaaoe ? ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo aecia/aiiy aoaeoeaiino?
cai?iiiiiaaieo aa??aio?a ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueieo ae??oaiue.

Oi?iaaaeeoe ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue a aenia?eiaioaeueia i?iaeooaaiiy
e aoae?aieoeoai oa i?iaanoe ioe?ieo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oei?a n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue.

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy:

Iia? ? o?, ui neeaeeny oeie n?euenueeeo a?iiaaenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo
aoae?aaeue oa nenoaia ia?aeiiiai a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy
n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a:

Oaeineiiaeaii i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy eiiieaenii? ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ui aa?aioo? iaaeaiiy ia?aeiiiai iaai?o iineoa iacaeaaeii
a?ae aaee/eie, i?ecia/aiiy ianaeaiiai ioieoo ? eiai i?noey ?icoaooaaiiy
a nenoai? ?icnaeaiiy, oa cai?iiiiiaaia iiaeaeue iioeiaeueiiai ?ici?uaiiy
ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ia iniia? ?aeeiiai oi?o?eiaaiiai
iieacieea i?noeino? c o?aooaaiiyi ?nioth/eo ia’?eo?a.

Ae?noaea iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie eiiieaenia ioe?iea aca?iica’yce?a
caeeaae?a (i?ei?uaiue), ui iaa?oioiaothoue ?aoe?iiaeueia ieaioaaeueia
ae??oaiiy eiiia?iaaieo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue oa ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea
aecia/aiiy eiai aoaeoeaiino?.

Aecia/ai? eiino?oeoeai? iniaeeaino? oa cai?iiiiiaai? ?aoe?iiaeuei?
eiino?oeoeai? ae??oaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo
aoae?aaeue.

?ic?iaeai? aca?iicai?ii?, c aio/eith ieaioaaeueiith no?oeoo?ith
ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeuei? aeaiaioe ia?aeiiiai a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa iia? oeie iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue aeey aeiiiaiaiiy
iiiaieeaoo?e oei?a n?euenueeeo aoae?aaeue.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a :

I?iiiceoe?? uiaei iioeiaeueii? i?aai?caoe?? eiiieaenii? ia?aae?
a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, a oaeiae c oeiieia?? n?euenueeeo
eiiia?iaaieo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue aeathoue iiaeeea?noue:

?aoe?iiaeueii ieaioaaoe ia?aaeo a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo
ianaeaieo ioieo?a, ui a?ae?a?athoue ia iiaiio aoai? aeiiii?/ieo
ia?aoai?aiue ona a?eueoo ?ieue;

aaeineiiaethaaoe ia’?iii-ieaioaaeuei? oa eiino?oeoeai? ae??oaiiy
n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue;

canoinoaaoe iia? oeie n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue aeey
i?aai?caoe?? a?eueo ye?niiai ??aiy ianeoaiaoaaiiy ianaeaiiy iaeeo n?e
Oe?a?ie;

aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?ic?iaeai? ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeuei? aeaiaioe
ia?aeiiiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeey i?iaeooaaiiy oeiiaeo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue ;

Ii ?acoeueoaoai i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ca i?iaeoaie aaoi?a
iiaoaeiaaii 2 ia’?eoe o naeao Iieoaanueei? iaeano? oa ?ic?iaeai? ?iai/?
e?aneaiiy 18 ia’?eo?a c oaie aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe . Aoei aeiouaii 3
?ioi?iaoe?ei? eenoee [9-11], 1 ia’?eo oa?eoia aei aeueaiio “I?iaeoe
a?iiaaenueeeo aoae?aaeue aeey aoae?aieoeoaa a iaeeo naeao Oe?a?ie”
(“Oe?IAe?Ioeea?euen?eueaoae”, Ee?a, 1989 ?.)[8].

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??:

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeiiia?aeaeenue oa iaaiai?thaaeenue ia
iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo Iieoaanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea o 1983-1998 ??.; ?anioae?eainuee?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai aoae?aieoeoaa ia iniia? iaoai?caoe??
o?oaeii?noeeo ?ia?o ? nei?i/aiiy cao?ao ?o/ii? i?aoe?” (i. Iieoaaa, 1985
?.); ?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie
anoaoe/iiai aeoiaaiiy oa ooaeiaeiuei? ina?oe”, (i. Iieoaaa, 1995 ?.);
i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aaeineiiaeaiiy
aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a, oaoiieia?e ? iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo eiino?oeoe?e
a iiaeo aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao” (i. Noie, 1994 ?.).

Ioae?eaoe??: Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeeaaeaiee o 7
noaooyo ca??iee?a iaoeiaeo i?aoeue oa 11 oacao aeiiia?aeae ia iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo, o?ueio i?ai?eioao.

Ianya ?iaioe:

Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, i’yoe ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo
aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ?c 168 iaeiaioaaiue ? o?ueio
aeiaeaoe?a. ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 168 noi?., ui aeeth/athoue aei naiai
neeaaeo 113 noi?. iniiaiiai oaenoo,33 noi?. (26) ?enoie?a, 22 noi?.
(16) oaaeeoeue oa 3 noi??iee aeiaeaoe?a.

CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny iaiao?aei?noue oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
ieoaiue oaeineiiaeaiiy ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy
n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaee i?eioeei?a a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueiiai
? eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy iniiaieo ?? aeaiaio?a – n?euenueeeo
a?iiaaenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyioo? noai ? ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo iaeeo
ianaeaieo ioieo?a ? aeeiiaiee aiae?c ?nioth/i? ia?aae? oa
caaacia/aiino? aoae?aeyie a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeeoae?a iaeeo
ianaeaieo ioieo?a. Aiae?c aeyaea, ui aei iniiaieo oa?aeoa?enoee
?nioth/i? ia?aae? aoae?aaeue a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy
a?aeiinyoueny: ia??aiii??i?noue ye ca ??aiai ?icaeoeo ??cieo aeae?a
ianeoaiaoaaiiy, oae ? ca ??aiai ?icaeoeo a ie?aieo ?aa?iiao. Aeey
a?eueoino? aeae?a a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy na?aaeiy caaacia/ai?noue
a?aeiia?aea? ii?iaoeai?e aai iaa?oue aeua ca ia?. Aea i?e oeueiio a
iaeeo naeao oeae iieaciee aeoaea iecueeee, a aeaye? aoae?ae?
a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy cian?i a?aenooi?. Ei?enooaaiiy ae
caeeaaeaie a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy a?eueo e?oiieo n?e ia caaaeaee
iiaeeeaa /a?ac iiiaaeii?iaoeai? a?aenoai? (?aae?one aeinooiiino?).

A?aeii/a ?ic’?aeiai?noue i?ecaaea aei oiai, ui nueiaiaei? a a?eueoino?
n?e a?iiaaenueea caaoaeiaa i?aaenoaaeaia iaai?ii ??ciinoeeueiaeo
a?aeie?aieaieo iaaaeeeeo aoae?aaeue, eio?? ca nai?ie i?inoi?iaeie,
ianooaaieie, a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueieie, eiino?oeoeaieie oa anoaoe/ieie
yeinoyie ia a?aeiia?aeathoue no/aniei ii?iai.

Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co oi?ioeththoueny iniiai? caaea/?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ii oai? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aiae?co ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeueii?
no?oeoo?e n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue ? aeeth/a?: ?icaeyae
ia?aaeoiia ia’?aeiaiiy ??cieo caeeaae?a ? i?aei?e?inoa o eiiia?iaai?
aoae?ae?, oi?ioethaaiiy i?eioeei?a ?ici?uaiiy ? aeyaeaiiy oei?a
n?euenueeeo a?iiaaenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue oa
aecia/aiiy ?o iniaeeainoae.

Iaeiei ?c aieiaieo iiaeo i?eioeei?a i?aai?caoe?? a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo n?e ? noi?uaiiy ooieoe?e i?aei?e?inoa ? caeeaae?a,
a a ie?aieo aeiaaeeao ? aeeoea aeey ianeoaiaoth/iai ia?niiaeo, yea
aeicaiey? oi?ioaaoe ianeoaiaoaaiiy a ?aieao iaeiiai
aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueiiai (eiiia?iaaiiai) caeeaaeo. Oea aea? ciiao
i?aeaeueoe eiai ?aioaaaeuei?noue ? caaacia/eoe eiiieaeni?noue iaaeaiiy
iineoa ca i?noeai i?iaeeaaiiy. Aenieoaoaoe?y aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueieo
eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui aiie a?eueo aoaeoeai?
ii??aiyii c a?aeie?aieaieie. Aea eiiia?oaaiiy ? aeieoaaiiy iathoue nai?
aeiiii?/i? iaae?, ye?, c iaeiiai aieo caeaaeaoue a?ae eai?oaeueieo
aeeaaeaiue ? aenieoaoaoe?eieo aeo?ao, ui iia’ycai? c? noai?aiiyi
aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueieo ia’?eo?a , a c ?ioiai – a?ae ?acoeueoao?a, ye?
iiaeia iaea?aeaoe ia oe?e iniia?, – aeiiii?y iaoa??ae?a, /ano, ieiu
oiui.

Eiiia?oaaiiy caeeaae?a ? i?aei?e?inoa – oea ooieoe?iiaeueia aca?iiae?y
?o ia iniia? noi?niiai aeei?enoaiiy i?ei?uaiue, iaeaaeiaiiy, ia?niiaeo,
oa?eoi???, iaoa??ae?a oiui. Nooi?iue ia’?aeiaiiy caeeaae?a ?
i?aei?e?inoa iiaea aooe ??ciei ? caeaaeeoue a?ae aaaaoueio oaeoi??a:
oeio caeeaae?a, ?o a?aeii/i? i?aeii?yaeeiaaiino?, i?noeino? aai
iiooaeiino?, ieiu? oa eiio?ao?aoe?? ae?eyiee caaoaeiae.

Aiae?c oeiiaeo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo i?iaeo?a ? iaoo?i? ianoaaeaiiy, a
oaeiae iaoeia? a?iioace aeicaieeee aeyaeoe ? eeaneo?eoaaoe oae? nooiai?
eiiia?oaaiiy iaeiia’?iieo n?euenueeeo aoae?aaeue:

?ici?uaiiy ia iaei?e ae?eyioe? a ie?aieo aoae?aeyo;

?ici?uaiiy ??cieo caeeaae?a a iaei?e aoae?ae? aac ceeooy ooieoe?e
(aeieoaaiiy);

?ici?uaiiy a iaei?e aoae?ae? ??cieo caeeaae?a c? ceeooyi nii??aeiaieo
ooieoe?e.

a), yeee o?aoiao? ye ieoiiee iieaciee noi?niiai aeei?enoaiiy
i?ei?uaiue, oae ? ieoiiee iieaciee aeiiii?? ieiu? i?e eiiia?oaaii?.

. (1)

– ieiua i?ei?uaiue, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny noi?nii c ?ioeie caeeaaeaie,
?=1, 2, …, n;

– caaaeueia ieiua eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae?;

m – e?euee?noue caeeaae?a aai i?aei?e?inoa, ye? aoiaeyoue o aoae?aeth;

;

– ii?iiaai? ieiu? caeeaae?a ? i?aei?e?inoa, ui iiaeii? aoiaeeoe a
eiiia?iaaio aoae?aeth.

Eiiia?iaai? aoae?ae? iathoue iacaia?a/i? ia?aaaae a eiiieaeniino? ?
c?o/iino? ianeoaiaoaaiiy ianaeaiiy (a?eueoa i?enoiniaai? aei ci?i oiia
aenieoaoaoe?? ? oi?i ianeoaiaoaaiiy), a oe?e?niino? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
??oaiiy, aeiiii?/iino? aoae?aieoeoaa ? aenieoaoaoe??, i?ae eiiieaene, ui
neeaaeathoueny c? niaoe?ae?ciaaieo aoae?aaeue. I?e oeueiio /ei a?eueoee
nooi?iue ia’?aeiaiiy caeeaae?a, oei a?eueoee aoaeo eiiia?oaaiiy, oei
a?eueo aio/ei, ??ciiiai?oii iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?ei?uaiiy ?
aoae?aeth a oe?eiio, ca?eueooth/e no?iee ?? ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noa??iiy.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e i?iaeooaaii? eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue iaiao?aeii
a?aoiaoaaoe oae? iniiai? i?eioeeie eiiia?oaaiiy, aeiaea?aeaiiy yeeo
iniaeeai aaaeeeaa i?e oei?caoe?? aoae?aaeue:

eiiieaeni?noue ianeoaiaoaaiiy ianaeaiiy;

ciaoiaeaeaiiy iioeiaeueii? i?noeino? (iiooaeiino?) caeeaae?a ?
i?aei?e?inoa;

ooieoe?iiaeueia ?aei?noue caeeaae?a, ui eiiia?othoueny;

oaoiieia?/ia ?aei?noue caeeaae?a aai i?aei?e?inoa;

iniaeeaino? ?aaeeio noi?nii? ? ?icae?eueii? aenieoaoaoe?? ie?aieo
i?ei?uaiue ? eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue o oe?eiio;

?aei?noue ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueieo ? eiino?oeoeaieo ia?aiao??a aeaiaio?a
eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae?.

Noai?aiiy iiaiiai iaai?o a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy a eiiia?iaaiiio
oeaio?? eiaeiiai iaeiai naea ia aeiiii?/ii, a i?aai?caoe?y oe?oiiaieo
oeaio??a ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeey aaeeei? a?oie n?e cia/ii iia??oo? oiiae ?o
aenieoaoaoe?? ianaeaiiyi. Oea aeeeeea? iaiao?aei?noue a iioeiaeuei?e
i?aai?caoe?? ia?aae? eiiia?iaaieo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue ??ciiai
neeaaeo ? i?noeino?, oae ye ?ica’ycaiiy oeeo ieoaiue ? iaiao?aeiith
oiiaith aeyaeaiiy oeiieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae aoae?ae?.

Aaaaoii??i?noue cai?iiiiiaaii? caaea/? (aaeeea e?euee?noue ianaeaieo
ioieo?a, ca’ycaieo aei?iaaie ??cii? aeiaaeeie ? eeano, ??cia
/enaeuei?noue ianaeaiiy, iayai?noue caeeaae?a ianeoaiaoaaiiy a aeayeeo
naeao oa ?yae ?ioeo oiia) niiioea? aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaoaiaoe/i? iaoiaee ?
iaiao?aeio ia/enethaaeueio oaoi?eo, ui aeicaieeoue a eiaeiiio ie?aiiio
aeiaaeeo iaea?aeaoe iioeiaeueiee aa??aio ?ici?uaiiy, neeaaeo ? i?noeino?
ia’?eoa, ui ? aeo?aeieie aeaieie aeey ?ic?iaeaiiy i?iiiceoe?e uiaei
aeiiiaiaiiy iiiaieeaoo?e oei?a aoae?aaeue aeey caaoaeiae iaeeo n?e.

Aeey iioeiaeueiiai ?ici?uaiiy eiiia?iaaieo ia’?eo?a i?iiiio?oueny
neeanoe iiaeaeue aaaaoiaeaeiai? caaea/?, ui noaaeoue ca iaoo aeinyaiaiiy
iaeneiaeueiiai aoaeoo c i?i?iaeueieie aeo?aoaie ?ano?n?a ? iiaea aooe
caaaeaia aei aeai?eoio ??oaiiy o?ainii?oii? caaea/? e?i?eiiai
i?ia?aioaaiiy.

Iaoa iinoaaeaii? caaea/? – anoaiiaeoe, aea, yeiai neeaaeo ? i?noeino?
iiaeii? aooe ?ici?uai? ia’?eoe a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, uia on?
aeeoae? iacaeaaeii a?ae aaee/eie, i?ecia/aiiy ? i?noey ?icoaooaaiiy
ianaeaiiai ioieoo a nenoai? ?icnaeaiiy iaee ii?iaoeaiee ??aaiue
ianeoaiaoaaiiy. I?e oeueiio caaaeueia noia i?eaaaeaieo aeo?ao iiaeiia
aooe i?i?iaeueiith.

Caaeai? aaee/eie:

A(( – e?euee?noue aeeoae?a, ye? ei?enoothoueny iineoaaie aeaeo S (S=1,
2, …, V) ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ui i?iaeeaathoue o ianaeaiiio ioieo? j (j=1,
2, …, n);

– e-e (e=1, 2, …, p) aa??aio i?noeino? eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae? aeaeo
S, ui ?ici?uo?oueny a ioieo? ? (?=1, 2, …, m);

– noia?i? i?eaaaeai? ieoii? aeo?aoe ia iaeiiai a?aea?aeoaa/a a
caeeaae? aeaeo S i?e e-iio aa??aio? i?noeino?;

– ieoii? o?ainii?oi? aeo?aoe ia ii?caeeo aeeoaey c ioieoo j o ioieo ?,
ui aeeth/athoue o naaa aa?o?noue i?i?caeo ? aa?o?noue a?eueiiai /ano, ui
a?i ao?a/a? o ca’yceo c ii?caeeith.

Iaa?aeii? aaee/eie:

– iioeiaeueiee aa??aio neeaaeo ? i?noeino? eiiia?iaaiiai ia’?eoa,
aeaeo S o ianaeaiiio ioieo? ?;

x – e?euee?noue aeeoae?a, ui ia?anoaathoueny c ioieoo j o ioieo ?.

Iaiaaeaiiy ia?ai?iieo:

. (2)

E?eoa??e iioeiaeueiino?:

I?i?ioi noia?ieo i?eaaaeaieo aeo?ao ia i?aai?caoe?th a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy aeey aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai ?aeiio aai a?oie ianaeaieo
ioieo?a, ui aeeth/athoue aeo?aoe ia aoae?aieoeoai eiiia?iaaieo
aoae?aaeue, aenieoaoaoe?th ? o?ainii?oi? aeo?aoe ia ?o a?aea?aeoaaiiy.

. (3)

sse iieacaee ?ic?aooiee, aoaeo ca ?aooiie iioeiaeueiiai ?ici?uaiiy
eiiieaenii? ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy Iiainaiaea?nueeiai
?aeiio Iieoaanueei? iaeano? neeaaea? aeecueei 23% aeiiii?? eai?oaeueieo
aeo?ao.

Oaeei /eiii aoei aeiaaaeaii, ui iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiee oeyo oaeineiiaeaiiy
nenoaie a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo n?e – noai?aiiy eiiia?iaaieo
(aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueieo) iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue ia iniia? ?o
iioeiaeueiiai ?ici?uaiiy.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui eiiia?iaai? iaeiia’?ii? aoae?ae? iathoue
nooo?a? iniaeeaino?, ye? coiiaeai? ia?o ca ana ?o
aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeuei?noth. Oiaoi caeeaaee, ui aoiaeyoue aei neeaaeo
eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue iathoue ??ci? ieaioaaeuei? e eiino?oeoeai?
ia?aiao?e, ??ci? oaieioaoi?/i?, na?oeioaoi?/i? oa nai?oa?ii-a?a??i?/i?
aeiiae.

Ia iniia? oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, aenia?eiaioaeueiiai i?iaeooaaiiy,
iaoo?ieo ianoaaeaiue oa iieooaaiue a?aea?aeoaa/?a aoee aeyaeai?,
noi?iiaai? ? eeaneo?eiaai? iniaeeaino? i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo
iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue, ui aieeaathoue ia ?o
a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueia oa eiino?oeoeaia ae??oaiiy ? ye?
iiae?eythoueny ia o?e iniiai? a?oie: i?noiaoae?ai?,
a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeuei? oa eiino?oeoeai?.

O?ao?e ?icae?e aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ? aeeeaaeaiiyi i?iiiceoe?e aei
iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo a?iiaaenueeeo eiiia?iaaieo
aoae?aaeue. Ooo iiaeaii iaa?oiooaaiiy aeai?o: aeioe?eueieo
ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueieo ae??oaiue iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue, a
oaeiae a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?inoi?iai? i?aai?caoe?? ?o oa?eoi??? caaoaeiae.

N?euenuee? iaeiia’?ii? eiiia?iaai? aoae?ae? ? iiaeie oeiaie aoae?aaeue,
ui o?eueee iaaoaathoue iioe?aiiy. I?iaeooaaiiy oaeeo aoae?aaeue iio?aao?
?ic?iaeaiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoiaeeee, yea a?aoiaoaaea a ?o iniaeeaino?
oa a?aei?iiino? ? ni?eyea ciaoiaeaeaiith iaea?eueo aeioe?eueieo
aa??aio?a ye a ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueiiio ? eiino?oeoeaiiio, oae ?
aeiiii?/iiio aniaeo?.

?nioth/? ae?th/? iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy aoae?aaeue, ui aacothoueny ia
oeiiaeo i?iaeoao oa ia ii?iaeyo ieaioaaeueieo aeaiaio?a ? noaiao
ooieoe?iiaeueieo ca’yce?a, ye? ?ic?iaeai? aeey eiaeiiai oeio aoae?aaeue
? a?aeia?aaeai? o ii?iaoeaieo aeieoiaioao, ia iiaeooue
canoiniaoaaoenue aei n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue,
oae ye e?euee?noue ??cieo i?noiaoae?aieo neooaoe?e aeoaea aaeeea, aaca
ae oeiiaeo ??oaiue iacia/ia, a ii?iaoeai? aeieoiaioe aeey oaeeo
aoae?aaeue ua ia ?ic?iaeai?.

Oi?ioaaiiy eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue coiiaeaii ye ciai?oi?ie
i?noiaoae?aieie, oae ? aioo??oi?ie oeiieia?/ieie ia?aaeoiiaaie.

Oa?aeoa? ca’yce?a i?ae eiiia?iaaieie caeeaaeaie c o?aooaaiiyi ?o
neeaaeo, i?noeino? aai iiooaeiino? aecia/a? canoinoaaiiy oiai /e ?ioiai
i?eeiio oi?ioaaiiy ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueii? no?oeoo?e
aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeueii? aoae?ae?, na?aae yeeo ne?ae aeae?eeoe:

eieaeueii-ina?aaeeiaee, eiee a iaeiiio ieaioaaeueiiio aoce? (i?ei?uaiue
aai ?o a?oi) ia?ao?auothoueny iniiai? ca’ycee i?ae i?ei?uaiiyie;

aeene?aoii-ina?aaeeiaee (?icina?aaeaeaiee), eiee ? aeae?eueea aoce?a,
iai?eeeaae, oeiea, iia’ycaia c aeeoy/ei naaeeii aai eeoaii oiui;

eiia?iiaaiee, ui ii?aeio? iniaeeaino? aeaio iiia?aaei?o.

Neeaae aoae?ae? aecia/a?oueny ia ca noiith i?ei?uaiue on?o caeeaae?a, ui
?icoaoiaai? a eiiia?iaai?e aoae?ae?, a aeoiaey/e c ia?ae?eo ooieoe?e,
ye? ia?aaeaa/a?oueny aeeiioaaoe a aoae?ae?. I?e oeueiio aeieea?
iiaeeea?noue aeeeth/eoe aeoaethaaiiy iiae?aieo ca i?ecia/aiiyi
i?ei?uaiue, ui ? a ??cieo caeeaaeao. Aeey eiaeii? ooieoe??
ia?aaeaa/a?oueny iaaia a?oia i?ei?uaiue, a yeeo aeae?ey?oueny
ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeueiee aeaiaio.

Aaoi?ii ?ic?iaeai? ?iai/? e?aneaiiy ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeueieo
aeaiaio?a iniiaieo a?oi i?ei?uaiue n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue a
2-o aa??aioao caeaaeii a?ae i?noeino?: i?ei?uaiiy ao?aeii? a?oie, eeani?
i?ei?uaiiy oeiee, a?oiia? aeeoy/iai naaeea, cae oi?aa?naeueiiai
i?ecia/aiiy c ianeoaiaoth/eie i?ei?uaiiyie, i?ei?uaiiy
oaeueaeoa?nueei-aeooa?nueeiai ioieoo, a?ae?ioaee, ao?oe?a oa
a?oenoe/ieo, iaaaceio OII, i?eeiaeueiiai ioieoo iiaooiaiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy.

Ioaea, iaoiaeeea i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo
aoae?aaeue ia?aaeaa/a? ia o?eueee aeioe?eueia aecia/aiiy oeio aoae?ae?
(neeaae, i?noe?noue aai iiooaei?noue caeeaae?a ? i?aei?e?inoa, ui a i?e
ii?aeiothoueny), aea ?:

ciaoiaeaeaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo i?eeii?a oi?ioaaiiy i?inoi?iai? i?aai?caoe??
eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae?, i?e yeeo ooieoe?iiaeueia no?oeoo?a caeeaae?a, ??
ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueia ??oaiiy ia?aaeaa/aei a eiiiiceoe?eio aa??aioi?noue
? a?eueia aio/ea ieaioaaiiy a?oi i?ei?uaiue, ui aeicaieeoue aiineoe
ci?ie a i?ioean? i?ea’ycee i?iaeoo a ??cieo i?noiaoae?aieo neooaoe?yo, a
oaeiae o i?ioean? aenieoaoaoe?? iiaoaeiaaiiai ia’?eoa;

o?aooaaiiy iiaeeeainoae aoae?aieoeoaa eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae? ii/a?aiai ?
i?inoi?iaiai ?icaeoeo ?? a ia?niaeoea?;

oi?ioaaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai a?o?oaeoo?iiai ia?aco eiiia?iaaii?
aoae?ae?;

aecia/aiiy a?aeiia?aeieo eiaeiiio oeio aoae?aaeue iaoiae?a ? iaae
oeiiaiai i?iaeooaaiiy.

Ia’?aeiaiiy caeeaae?a ? i?aei?e?inoa o aaaaoiooieoe?iiaeuei? eiiia?iaai?
aoae?ae? – oea aoaeoeaiee can?a ia o?eueee aeei?enoaiiy aoae?aaeue, a e
oa?eoi???. *ei a?eueoa e?euee?noue caeeaae?a ? i?aei?e?inoa, ui
eiiia?othoueny, /ei a?eueoee aca?iica’ycie ? noi?uaiiy aeaiaio?a
aoae?aaeue oa oa?eoi???, /ei a?eueo? eiiia?iaai? ciie, oei eiiiaeoi?oa
aoae?aey, iaioa iaiao?aeia oa?eoi??y, ?ioaineai?oa ?? aeei?enoaiiy,
iaioee ?ic?aooieiaee iieaciee ia iaeiiai a?aea?aeoaa/a.

Oe?oiiaiiy aeaiaio?a oa?eoi???, onoiaiiy ?o aeoaethaaiiy cae?enith?oueny
ia iniia? aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? cii ca nooiaiai oi?aa?naeueiino?
aeei?enoaiiy. Ca oe??th iciaeith ia oa?eoi??? eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae?
a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy iiaeia aeae?eeoe:

oi?aa?naeuei? ciie, oiaoi o?, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny an?ia caeeaaeaie,
ye? aoiaeyoue aei eiiia?iaaiiai ia’?eoa;

eiia?iiaai?, o?, ye? eeoa /anoeiai iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe ca ?ioei
i?ecia/aiiyi;

niaoe?ae?ciaai?, ye? ia iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe oi?aa?naeueii;

?aaeeii?, o?, ui i?ecia/ai? o?eueee aeey aecia/aieo oei?a caeeaae?a ?
iio?aaothoue noai?i aaoiiiiiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? iaa?oue iai?iaeaeaiiy.

I?e ?ic?iaoe? aaia?aeueieo ieai?a n?euenueeeo a?iiaaenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo
aoae?aaeue, canoiniaoth/e aeaio iaoiaeeeo, ui ia?aaeaa/a? ciioaaiiy
oa?eoi???, iiaiaeaeaiiy ?aaeei?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy cii, eiiia?oaaiiy
ooieoe?iiaeueieo cii c onoiaiiyi aeoaethth/eo aeaiaio?a, aaea?oueny
caeaaeii a?ae neeaaeo ? i?noeino? eiiia?iaaii? aoae?ae? ciaioeoe
oa?eoi??th ae?eyiee caaoaeiae a?ae 15% aei 46%. Oea aea? iiaeeea?noue
?aoe?iiaeuei?oa aeei?enoiaoaaoe caiaeuei? ?ano?ne, ciaioeoe aeiaaeeio
?iaeaia?ieo ia?aae, aei??a, o oe?eiio ianya?a aeaaiono?ith.

Ia iniia? aeine?aeaeaiiy ieoaiue, ui aeeeaaeai? a iiia?aaei?o ?icae?eao
oa caaaeath/e ia iniaeeaino? ? a?aei?iiino? i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo
iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue, ?ic?iaeai? i?iiiceoe?? c iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy
n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue, ui aeeth/athoue o?e
iniiai? aeiee ( ?en.1 )

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? aeine?aeaeothoueny iniaeeaino? eiino?oeoeaieo
ae??oaiue iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c aeicaieea anoaiiaeoe, ui eiino?oeoeaia ae??oaiiy
n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue iiaeiii aeoiaeeoe c
ia’?iii-i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e aoae?ae? oa aea?aii? eiino?oeoeaii?
nenoaie. ?aoe?iiaeueia canoinoaaiiy oei?a eiino?oeoe?e oa aca?iica’ycie
?o c ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueieie ae??oaiiyie iiaeiii aecia/aoeny oeiaie
aoae?aaeue ? ?o i?noe?noth, a?aoiaoth/e, ui iayai?noue cae?a (aeoiaiai,
aeyaeaoeueeiai, nii?oeaiiai) a n?euenueeeo eiiia?iaaieo iaeiia’?iieo
aoae?aeyo a?ae??ciy? i?aeo?ae aei niinia?a ?o ?iaeono??aeueiiai
caaaeaiiy a?ae aoae?aaeue ae??aii/a?oieiai? ieaioaaeueii? no?oeoo?e .

Niaoeeo?/i? iniaeeaino? n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue (?o neeaae,
?ici??e, ?ici?uaiiy oiui) coiiaeththoue a iniiaiiio canoinoaaiiy
i?noeaaeo aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a, ye? ia iio?aaothoue ?icaeiaii?
?iaeono??aeueii? aace oa cia/ieo ia?aaacaiue, ?o eiino?oeoeai? ae??oaiiy
iiaeii? caaeiaieueiyoe aeiiae iaeiaeaoaeueiino?, ia?aaeaa/aoe i?inoee,
oaeaeeee iiioaae eiino?oeoe?e, aooe aeinooiieie aeey aeeiiaiiy iaeeie
aoae?aaeueieie i?aai?caoe?yie.

Oeei aeiiaai a?aeiia?aea? aacea?eania eiino?oeoeaia nenoaia, ui iiaea
aooe c iiia?a/ieie /e iicaeiaaei?ie iano/eie no?iaie oa ci?oaia.

Aea aacea?eania eiino?oeoeaia nenoaia ia? nooo?aee iaaeie?e –
iaaio/e?noue ieaioaaeueieo ??oaiue oa iaaoaeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy ciai?oi?o
iai?iaeaeoaaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e. Aeey iaee?auiai caaacia/aiiy aio/ei?
ieaioaaeueii? no?oeoo?e, ui oa?aeoa?ia aeey eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue,
a?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueii canoiniaoaaoe ea?eanio eiino?oeoeaio nenoaio. I?e
oeueiio ? iiaeeea?noue oe?ieiai aeei?enoaiiy oi?o?eiaaieo ea?eanieo
eiino?oeoeaieo noai, a oiio /ene? ia aac? cae?ciaaoiio
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? iiiaieeaoo?e c iaoith aeei?enoaiiy ?nioth/eo
iiooaeiinoae n?euenueei? aoae?aaeueii? ?iaeono???, a oaeiae eaaeeo
iacae?ciaaoiiieo eiino?oeoe?e (aaoiii? aeiee, ea?ai?/i? aeiee,
aethi?i?e, a?iioeaiaio oiui). I?e ea?eani?e eiino?oeoeai?e noai? aeieea?
iiaeeea?noue cai?ieoe o?aaeeoe?ei? no?iia? iaoa??aee, ui iaeii/anii
aeeiioaaee iano/? e iai?iaeaeoaaeuei? ooieoe??, ia a?eueo aeaoaa? e o?,
ye? iathoue eeoa aenie? oaieicaoeni? aeanoeaino? (eaae? iaiano/? aeiee
oa ?io? aaaaoioa?ia? eiino?oeoe?? no?i, a oiio /ene? c i?noeaaeo
iaoa??ae?a, a?aeoiae?a i?iieneiaino? oa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa). Aeey iii? aeei?enoiaothoueny ye o?aaeeoe?ei? aoae?aaeuei?
iaoa??aee, ui iathoue aaeeeo iano/o caeaoi?noue, oae ? iia?, a oiio
/ene? iiiaieeaoo?e n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ae?iaie/eo aoae?aaeue,
iai?eeeaae, ?c o?eoa?i??ieo cae?ciaaoiiieo ? aea?aa’yieo ?ai i?iaiiii 9
oa 12 i. Canoinoaaiiy ?ai iniaeeai aoaeoeaia o aoae?aeyo, ye? iathoue
caeuei? i?ei?uaiiy (eeoae, ?aeaeuei?, nii?oeiiieaene). O aoae?aeyo
/a?oieiai? ieaioaaeueii? no?oeoo?e, ui neeaaeathoue a?eueo?noue
n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue, ye iieacaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy, a?eueo aeioe?eueii aeei?enoiaoaaoe ca??i? iii?e c
aoae?aaeueieo aeie?a.

C o?aooaaiiyi i?noiaoae?aieo, ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueieo ? eiino?oeoeaieo
iniaeeainoae aeine?aeaeaiiy oa aenia?eiaioaeueia i?iaeooaaiiy aeicaieeee
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe aeioe?euei? i?iaiie iaeiia’?iieo n?euenueeeo eiiia?iaaieo
aoae?aaeue. Iniiaiee i?ia?i aeey aacea?eanii? eiino?oeoeaii? nenoaie –
6.3 i oa aeey ea?eanii? – 6.0, 9,0 oa 12.0 i. I?e caaaeaii? iaeiia’?iieo
eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue ?c aeei?enoaiiyi aace aeeoeiaiai aeiiiaoaeoaaiiy
aeioe?eueii i???iooaaoenue ia i?iaiie 3.6 oa 4.8 i.

Oaeiae cai?iiiiiaai? aa??aioe aeioe?eueiiai ae??oaiiy aia?aiaoaeoeaieo
eiino?oeoe?e c iaoith o?aooaaiiy i?aeaeuaieo oaieioaoi?/ieo aeiia:
iaeaaoai? aaaaoioa?ia? oeaaeyi? no?ie eieiaeycii? nenoaie; no?ie c
oe?oiiaieo ea?ai?/ieo eaiai?a i?aeaeuaii? ii?iaeienoino? o ii?aeiaii? c
ieeoiei aoaeoeaiei ooaiethaa/ai; aaciaaoiii? no?iia? ae?iae aonoeiith
350-800 ea / i3.

I’yoee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aenia?eiaioaeueiiio i?iaeooaaiith oa ioe?ioe?
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? ia’?eo?a ai?iaaaeaeaiiy.

?ic?iaeai? aaoi?ii ? aeeeaaeai? o ?icae?eao 3 oa 4 i?iiiceoe?? aei
iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo a?iiaaenueeeo eiiia?iaaieo
iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue oi?iaaaeaeai? aaoi?ii i?e ?ic?iaoe? ?aaeueieo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo i?iaeo?a, ui aeeiiai? ia eaoaae?? “I?iaeooaaiiy
aaoiiia?eueieo aei??a ? n?euenueeeo aoae?aaeue”. ?ic?iaeai? i?iaeoe
iiaeo oei?a aoae?aaeue a?ae??ciythoueny aeaeaie caeeaae?a oa
i?aei?e?inoa, ui a ieo ooiaeyoue, ?o i?noe?noth, neeaaeii ? ieiuaie
i?ei?uaiue oiui. Oae? eiiia?iaai? iaeiia’?ii? aoae?ae? iathoue aio/eo
ieaioaaeueio no?oeoo?o oa a?aoiaothoue iniaeeaino? eiino?oeoeaiiai
ae??oaiiy.

Ia?o? aea??eia? ianoaaeaiiy iiaoaeiaaieo oa aaea aenieoaoiaaieo
eiiia?iaaieo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue iieacothoue, ui ieaioaaeueia
no?oeoo?a, neeaae caeeaae?a, iaa?? i?ei?uaiue ? ?o aaaa?eoe a oe?eiio
caaeiaieueiythoue ye a?aea?aeoaa/?a, oae e ianeoaiaoth/ee ia?niiae. ?o
canoinoaaiiy aea? iiaeeea?noue iaaeeceoe iineoae aei niiaeeaa/?a,
i?aai?coaaoe a ei?ioe? no?iee iaiao?aeia a?iiaaenueea ianeoaiaoaaiiy a
iaeeo ianaeaieo ioieoao.

O oe?eiio canoinoaaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue
aeicaiey? a na?aaeiueiio cieaeoaaoe i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe a?ae 13 aei 32%.

CAAAEUeI? AENIIAEE

Aiae?c oi?ioaaiiy eiiia?iaaieo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue iieacaa
caeaaei?noue ?o a?ae ?icaeoeo ?icnaeaiiy ia oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie. I?e
oeueiio aeyaeai? oae? iniaeeaino? ? oaiaeaioe??: cieaeaiiy caaaeueii?
e?eueeino? n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy, neeaaeia aeaiia?ao?/ia noaiiaeua,
cieaeaiiy ethaeiino? n?euenueeeo iinaeaiue ? iinooiiaa ca?eueoaiiy
e?eueeino? iaeeo n?e. I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?nioth/eo ia?aae
a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy aeyaeee cia/i?
a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae ii?iaoeaieo cia/aiue, ui coiiaeth? aaeineiiaeaiiy
nenoaie ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa oei?a aoae?aaeue, ui ?? neeaaeathoue.

Ia iniia? iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ? aenia?eiaioaeueiiai i?iaeooaaiiy
?ic?iaeai? i?iiiceoe?? aei iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy iiaeo oei?a aoae?aaeue
– n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo, a yeeo:

onoaiiaeai? i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy e iioei?caoe?? eiiieaenii? ia?aae?
a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ye? aeathoue iiaeeea?noue a?aoiaoaaoe ?
iae? n?euenuee? iinaeaiiy;

cai?iiiiiaaia iioei?caoe?eia iiaeaeue eiiieaenii? ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa iaa?oioiaai? i?iiiceoe?? ii noai?aiith ?ioi?iaoe?eii?
aace aeey i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? iiaeae? c aeei?enoaiiyi ?aeeiiai
oi?o?eiaaiiai iieacieea i?noeino? – e?eueeino? a?aea?aeoaa/?a;

?ic?iaeai? i?eioeeie ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeueii? i?aai?caoe??
n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue, ui ia?aaeaa/a?
aecia/aiiy: ia?ae?eo ? ieiu i?ei?uaiue oa aca?iica’yceo ?o
ooieoe?iiaeueieo a?oi; ?aoe?iiaeueiiai ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueiiai ae??oaiiy
ia iniia? a?ao?a ? iao?eoeue aca?iiae?e;

?ic?iaeai? aca?iicai?ii?, c aio/eith ieaioaaeueiith no?oeoo?ith
ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeuei? aeaiaioe a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy oa
iia? oeie iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue aeey aeiiiaiaiiy iiiaieeaoo?e oei?a
n?euenueeeo aoae?aaeue;

aecia/ai? i?eeiie ae??oaiiy aaia?aeueiiai ieaio oa aeaaiono?ith
oa?eoi??? eiiia?iaaii? iaeiia’?iii? aoae?ae?, ui caaacia/othoue /?oea
ciioaaiiy e iioeiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy aeaiaio?a caaoaeiae;

cai?iiiiiaaiee a?eueo aeioe?eueiee aa??aio eiino?oeoeaiiai ae- ??oaiiy
iaeiia’?iii? aoae?ae?, yeee iieyaa? a ia?aoiae? a?ae aacea?eanii? aei
ea?eanii? aoae?ae?, ui i???ioiaaia ia iaeneiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy
i?noeaaeo aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a. A yeino? ea?eano i?iiiio?oueny
canoiniaoaaoe ca??i? iii?e c aoae?aaeueieo aeie?a , ui iathoue aeia?o
iano/o caeaoi?noue, a caiiaiaiiy i?ae iii?aie – c aia?aiaoaeoeaieo
no?iiaeo iaoa??ae?a.

Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ioe?iee aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeaieo aa??aio?a
ieaioaaeueieo ??oaiue ?c aecia/aiiyi eiao?oe??ioa eiiia?oaaiiy
aeiiii?/iiai (Eea), ui aeicaieeoue i?aeaeueoe aeioe?euei?noue ? ye?noue
i?iaeoieo ae??oaiue.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oi?iaaaeaeai? a aenia?eiaioaeueia
i?iaeooaaiiy, aea ?ic?iaeai? iia? oeie aoae?aaeue – n?euenuee?
iaeiia’?ii? eiiia?iaai? aoaeeiee.

Oi?iaaaeaeaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue aeanoue
ciiao i?aeaeueoe ??aaiue ianeoaiaoaaiiy n?euenueeeo aeeoae?a, iie?ioeoe
aenieoaoaoe?ei? yeino? aoae?aaeue, caeiiiieoe aoae?aaeuei? iaoa??aee,
oa?eoi??th ? o?oaeia? cao?aoe oa caaacia/eoue ciaioaiiy aeo?ao
iaeeaii-aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe

Eioeaoee I.A., Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie a?iiaaenueeiai
ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo n?e: Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue Euea?anueeiai n.-a. ?i-oo,
Euea?a, 1990. – N.97-102.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. I?eioeeiu iauaiii-ieaie?iai/iiai ?aoaiey eiiia?e?iaaiiuo
caeaiee aeey ianeoaeeaaiey iaeuo nae // Na. iao/. o?. Iieo. ENE
“Yooaeoeaiua no?ieoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu e eiino?oeoeee, eniieuecoaiua i?e
aicaaaeaiee caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee”. – E.: OIE AI, 1992. – N.18-23.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Iiaua oeiu iaeiiauaiiuo eiiia?e?iaaiiuo naeueneeo
caeaiee // Na. iao/. o?. Iieo. ENE “Niaa?oainoaiaaiea i?iaeoiuo ?aoaiee
n o/aoii i?iaeai yeieiaee”. – E.: OIE AI, 1992 – N.19-25.

Oac?i A.E., Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Iniiai? i?eioeeie oa iniaeeaino?
i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue / Ca. iaoe. i?.
“Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa” OAeOO aoae?aieoeoaa a?o?oaeoo?e. –
Oa?e?a, 1997. – N. 76-77.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Iaoiaee/i? iniiae i?iaeooaaiiy n?euenueeeo eiiia?iaaieo
iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue // Na. iao/i. o?. Eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai
ai?iaeia. – Eeaa: Oaoieea. – 1998. – Aui. 15. – N. 33-35.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Eiino?oeoeaia ??oaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo
eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue // Ca. iaoe. i?. (aaeocaaa iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy,
aoae?aieoeoai) / Iieo. aea?ae. oaoi. oi-o ?i.TH??y Eiiae?aothea,
Iieoaaa, 1998. Aei. 2. – N. 240-245.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ia ioe?iea eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue
// Ca. iaoe. i?. (aaeocaaa iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai) / Iieo.
aea?ae. oaoi. oi-o ?i. TH??y Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1998. Aei. 3.- N.
245-253.

Eiiia?e?iaaiiia caeaiea oeieu, aeaonaaea, OAI /I?iaeou iauanoaaiiuo
caeaiee aeey no?ieoaeuenoaa a iaeuo naeao Oe?aeineie NN?.
Eeethno?e?iaaiiue aeueaii Oe?IEEIa?aaeaeainaeueno?ie. – E.: Ainno?ie
ONN?, 1989. – N. 90.

Eioi?iaoeeiiiue eenoie i ia?aaeiaii i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoiieiae/aneii
iiuoa ? 49-89. Eiiia?e?iaaiiue aeie iauanoaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey /
O.I.Eeoaeiaiei, I.N.Iaoeaay, Oa?ueeianeee IOOeIOE, Oa?ueeia, 1989.

Eioi?iaoeeiiiue eenoie i iao/ii-oaoie/aneii aeinoeaeaiee ? 91-057. Aeii
aaoa?aiia naiaeiiai oeia ia iyoue iano n o?aoeiiiaoiie eaa?oe?ie aeey
ianeoaeeaathuaai ia?niiaea / O.I.Eeoaeiaiei, I.I.Eeeiaiei, Oa?ueeianeee
IOOeIOE, Oa?ueeia, 1991.

Eioi?iaoeeiiiue eenoie i iao/ii-oaoie/aneii aeinoeaeaiee ? 91-057.
Eiiia?e?iaaiiue aeii aaoa?aiia ia aeanyoue iano n
oaeueaeoa?nei-aeooa?neei ioieoii (OAI) ?V eaoaai?ee / O.I.Eeoaeiaiei,
I.I.Eeeiaiei. Oa?ueeianeee IOOeIOE, Oa?ueeia, 1991.

Oacei A.E., Eeoaeiaiei O.I., Ooiaeei A.TH. Eiino?oeoeee iaeiiauaiiuo
naeueneeo caeaiee e oa?ia?neeo oicyenoa n aeaeie ieaie?iai/iie
no?oeoo?ie // Iaoa?eaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie
eiioa?aioeee “Niaa?oainoaiaaiea no?ieiaoa?eaeia, oaoiieiaee e iaoiaeia
?an/aoa eiino?oeoeee a iiauo yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo”. – Noiu: EII “I??y”
EOAe, 1994. – n.258-259.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Anoaoe/i? oa aeoiai? aniaeoe a iiaeo oeiao n?euenueeeo
a?iiaaenueeeo aoae?aaeue // Iaoa??aee Anaoe?a?inueei? iaoe.-oaoi. eiio.,
Iieoaaa, 1995. – n.183-187.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. Aii?inu oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo oeiia iaeiiauaiiuo
iauanoaaiiuo caeaiee aeey ianeoaeeaaiey iaeuo nae // Oac. aeieeaaeia 43
iao/. eiio. Iieoaaneiai ENE, Iieoaaa, 1991. – n.227.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. I?eioeeiu oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo oeiia naeueneeo
iauanoaaiiuo caeaiee eiiia?e?iaaiiuo n aeeeuie // Oac. aeieeaaeia 45
iao/. eiio. Iieoaaneiai ENE, Iieoaaa,1993. – n.

AIIOAOe??

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. “Oi?ioaaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo eiiia?iaaieo
aoae?aaeue oa ?o eiino?oeoeai? iniaeeaino?”. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe.

05.23.01 – aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee. Iieoaanueeee
aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi oi?ioaaiiy n?euenueeeo iaeiia’?iieo
eiiia?iaaieo aoae?aaeue. ?ic?iaeai? i?iiiceoe?? aei iaoiaeeee ?o
i?iaeooaaiiy, anoaiiaeai? i?eioeeie i?aai?caoe?? e iioei?caoe??
eiiieaenii? ia?aae? a?iiaaenueeiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy iaeeo n?e,
cai?iiiiiaai? aa??aioe ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeueii? i?aai?caoe?? oa
eiino?oeoeai? ae??oaiiy aia?aiaoaeoeaieo iaeiia’?iieo aoae?aaeue,
aecia/ai? iaoiaee ioe?iee aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeaieo aa??aio?a
ieaioaaeueieo ??oaiue.

Io?eiai? iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ai?iaaaeaeai? a
aenia?eiaioaeueia i?iaeooaaiiy ? aoae?aieoeoai, aea ?ic?iaeai? iia? oeie
aoae?aaeue ??ciiai neeaaeo ? i?noeino?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: n?euenuee? iaeiia’?ii? eiiia?iaai? aoae?ae?, iaoiaeeea
i?iaeooaaiiy, ?ici?uaiiy aoae?aaeue, a?oooaeoo?ii-?icieaioaaeueia ?
eiino?oeoeaia ae??oaiiy, aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue.

Eeoaeiaiei O.I. “Oi?ie?iaaiea naeueneeo iaeiiauaiiuo eiiia?e?iaaiiuo
caeaiee e eo eiino?oeoeaiua iniaaiiinoe “.-?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe.
05.23.01- no?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, caeaiey e nii?oaeaiey. Iieoaaneee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie TH?ey Eiiae?aothea, 1999.

Aiaeec iieacae, /oi oi?ie?iaaiea naeueneeo caeaiee caaeneo io ?acaeoey
?annaeaiey. I?e yoii auyaeaiu oaeea iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee: nieaeaiea
iauae /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey e ethaeiinoe naeueneeo iinaeaiee,
iinoaiaiiia oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa iaeuo nae. Auiieiaiiua enneaaeiaaiey
nouanoaothuae naoe iauanoaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey naeueneiai ianaeaiey
auyaeee cia/eoaeueiua ioeeiiaiey a iaania/aiiinoe caeaieyie io
ii?iaoeaiuo cia/aiee. Yoi iaoneaaeeaaao niaa?oainoaiaaiea nenoai
ianeoaeeaaiey e oeiia caeaiee, /oi aa ninoaaeytho.

?ac?aaioaiu i?aaeeiaeaiey ii iaoiaeeea i?iaeoe?iaaiey iiauo oeiia
caeaiee, a eioi?uo i?aaeeiaeaia iioeiecaoeeiiiay iiaeaeue eiiieaeniie
nenoaiu iauanoaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey e nicaeaia eioi?iaoeeiiiay aaca aeey
aa i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeee n eniieueciaaieai aaeeiiai oieoeoee?iaaiiiai
iieacaoaey aianoeiinoe – eiee/anoaa iinaoeoaeae, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa iieo/eoue caeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai ninoaaa e
aieinoe. ?ac?aaioaiu i?eioeeiu ooieoeeiiaeueii-ieaie?iai/iie
i?aaiecaoeee naeueneeo iaeiiauaiiuo eiiia?e?iaaiiuo caeaiee, /oi
i?aaeiieaaaao ii?aaeaeaiea: ia?a/iy e ieiuaaeae iiiauaiee, acaeiinayce
eo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo a?oii; ?aoeeiiaeueiiai iauaiii-ieaie?iai/iiai
?aoaiey. ?ac?aaioaiu acaeiicaiaiyaiua, n aeaeie ieaie?iai/iie no?oeoo?ie
ooieoeeiiaeueii-ieaie?iai/iua yeaiaiou e iiaua oeiu iaeiiauaiiuo
caeaiee. Ii?aaeaeaiu i?eaiu ?aoaiey aaia?aeueiiai ieaia
eiiia?e?iaaiiiai caeaiey, eioi?ua iaania/eaatho /aoeia ciie?iaaiea e
iioeiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea yeaiaioia cano?ieee. I?aaeeiaeai aieaa
oeaeaniia?aciue aa?eaio eiino?oeoeaiiai ?aoaiey iaeiiauaiiiai caeaiey,
eioi?ue caeeth/aaony a ia?aoiaea e ea?eaniiio caeaieth, /oi
i?eaioe?iaaii ia iaeneiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea ianoiuo no?ieoaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeia. A ea/anoaa ea?eana i?aaeeaaaaony eniieueciaaoue nai?iua
iii?u ec no?ieoaeueiuo aeieia, a caiieiaiea iaaeaeo iii?aie ec
yia?aiyooaeoeaiuo noaiiauo iaoa?eaeia.

?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe aa?eaioia ieaie?iai/iuo
?aoaiee n ii?aaeaeaieai eiyooeoeeaioa eiiia?e?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneiai
(Eea), /oi iicaieeo iiauneoue ea/anoai i?iaeoiuo ?aoaiee.

?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee aiaae?aiu a yenia?eiaioaeueiia i?iaeoe?iaaiea,
aaea ?ac?aaioaiu e iino?iaiu iiaua oeiu caeaiee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: naeueneea iaeiiauaiiua eiiia?e?iaaiiua caeaiey,
iaoiaeeea i?iaeoe?iaaiey, ?aciauaiea caeaiee, a?oeoaeoo?ii-ieaie?iai/iia
e eiino?oeoeaiia ?aoaiea, yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue.

Litvinenko T.P. Formation of rural small size combined structures and
their construction peculiarities-Manuscript.

Dissertation for degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences, specialty
05.23.01 – Building Structures, Buildings & Structures. Poltava
Technical University, Poltava, 1999.

The Dissertation is dedicated to problems of rural small size combined
structures. The technique of its formation has been proposed, principles
of organization and optimization of complex network of public services
had been set, variants of functional and planning organization and
construction solutions of energy saving small size structures have been
worked out, methods of evaluation of efficiency of elaborated variants
of planning decisions have been defined.

Scientific results of work were implemented into experimental designing
and construction where new types of structures of different combinations
and capacity have been worked out.

Key words: rural small size, combined structures designing technique,
structure location, architectural planning and construction decision,
economic efficiency.

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