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Формування у молодших школярів початкових умінь і навичок складати твори-міркування: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / І.А. Головко, Ін-т педагогіки А

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?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie

Aieiaei

?iia Aiaoie??aia

oaee 4O(077)

Oi?ioaaiiy o iieiaeoeo oeiey??a

ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue neeaaeaoe

oai?e-i??eoaaiiy

13.00.02 – oai??y ? iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a –1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Neia’yinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio
?inoeooo?

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: Aaaea? Aaeaioeia ?aai?aia, eaiaeeaeao
iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei? iiae oa e?oa?aoo?e
Neia’yinueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: A?ey?a Ieaenaiae? Ieoaeeiae/, /eai-ei?aniiiaeaio
AII Oe?a?ie, aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aieiaiee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee eaai?aoi??? iaoiaeeee oe?a?inueei? iiae ?inoeoooo
iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie.

Niaei Aaeaioeia Ieaen??aia, eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei? iiae Aeoo?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo ?i. N.I.Na?a??aa-Oeainueeiai

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao
?i. A.N.Neiai?iaee

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 15 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?. i 14 aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 26.452.02. a ?inoeooo?
iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie (ca aae?anith: 252051, aoe. A?oaia, 52,
e. 40).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 14 na?iiy 1999?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
I.A.Aiiaea?aiei

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo iaoa e?a?ia
cacia? cia/ieo ia?aoai?aiue o aeiiii?/i?e, iie?oe/i?e, ae?iaie/?e,
eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi?e noa?ao aeeooy. Ianiaee ia?ao?ae aei ei?enooaaiiy
aeaeo?iiii-ia/enethaaeueiith oaoi?eith, ?iaioa c ??ciiiai?oieie iin?yie
?ioi?iaoe??, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo oaoiieia?e ae?iaieoeoaa aeiaaathoue
a?ae eiaeiiai ?iaeea?aea ?icaeiaiiai eia?/iiai ieneaiiy, iiaeaiiy,
iai’yo?, oaaae. Aeiiii?/i? ci?ie a e?a?i?, aeoea?caoe?y iie?oe/ieo
aeeneon?e coiiaeththoue iio?aao aeoiaoaaoe ?ioaeaeooaeueii ?icaeiaio
iniaeno?noue, caeaoio ianaiia?aae a?aiioii, a?aoiaioiaii oa
ia?aeiieeai aeiaiaeeoe aeanio aeoieo.

Ia?aoai?aiiy a no/aniiio noni?euenoa? aieeaathoue ia?aaeon?i ia
iaa/aiiy oa aeoiaaiiy i?ae?inoath/iai iieie?iiy, oiio ia?aae oeieith
iinoa? caaaeaiiy ia o?eueee iiaeaoe iaiao?aei? ciaiiy c ??cieo aaeocae
iaoee, a e ia iniia? oeeo ciaiue ?icaeiooe iniaeno?noue oeiey?a,
aeoiaaoe eoeueoo?o eiai ieneaiiy oa iiaeaiiy. O oeueiio aniaeo?
iniaeeai? oaaae iio?aao? ii/aoeiaa eaiea ina?oe, ine?eueee ooo
oi?io?oueny a?eueo?noue caaaeueiiiaa/aeueieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie,
?icaeaathoueny ?icoiia? iia?aoe??, aaeineiiaeththoueny iiaeaiiy,
ieneaiiy, iai’youe, oaaaa, oyaa oa ?io? ineo?/i? ooieoe?? iniaenoino?.

Iineeaiiy ?icaeaaeueiiai eiiiiiaioa ii/aoeiaiai iaa/aiiy coiiaeth?
aaaeeeao ?ieue ??aeii? iiae, a?ae iaieiae?iiy oniith oa ienaiiith
oi?iaie yei? caeaaeeoue iiaeaeueoa ina?oa iieiaeoeo oeiey??a. Ia
o?ieao iiae oa iiaeaiiy oi?io?oueny iniaeno?noue o/iy, a?aeaoaa?oueny
noaiiaeaiiy a?iiaaeyinueeeo, ?ioaeaeooaeueieo oa ii?aeueii-aoe/ieo
yeinoae. Aeciath/e aaaeeea?noue aeeaieiai canai?iiy o/iyie iiaeaii?aeo
iiiyoue, e?iaa?noe, iaoiaeenoe, ineoieiae oa a/eoae?-iiaaoi?e ia iniia?
eiioi?eaoeaii-ae?yeuei?niiai i?aeoiaeo ?ic?iaeythoue oeyoe iiiaeaiiy ?
aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie ii/aoeiai? ina?oe.

I?e caaaeueiiio c?inoaii? ?ioa?ano aei i?iaeai ?icaeoeo ca’yciiai
iiaeaiiy oa eia?/iiai ieneaiiy iaeiaeine?aeaeaiei iaoiaee/iei ieoaiiyi
caeeoa?oueny oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oi?iue ? iaae/ie
neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy. O?eaaeee /an iiaoaeiao oaeno?a oeueiai oeio
aaaaeaee caiaaeoi neeaaeiei caaaeaiiyi aeey iieiaeoeo oeiey??a, oiio
a?eueo?noue iaoiaee/ieo ?ic?iaie noino?oueny i?ioeano neeaaeaiiy
?icaeoi?a o na?aaei?e eaioe?. Oae, o iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo
I.A.Noaeueiaoiae/a, O.I.Eaaeeaeainueei?, Ae.I.E?aa/oea, A.A.Aaeaoiai?
oa ?i. ia(?oioiaaii i?ia?aei? iieiaeaiiy i?ioeano iaa/aiiy neeaaeaoe
oai?e-?icaeoie a na?aaei?o oa noa?oeo eeanao, ioa?aeoa?ecoaaii oeie
o/i?anueeeo iiieeie, aeacaii ai?iiy, iio??ai? aeey neeaaeaiiy ?icaeoio,
??ciiaeaee o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa oiui.

I?iaeaia ae?iaeaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a aeiaaaeaiino? i??eoaaiue oaeiae
iaaoea inoaii?i /anii cia/ii? aeooaeueiino?. I?ioa a?eueo?noue
aeine?aeiee?a (?.A.Caai?oe, I.?.A?eoei, E.N.Ea?iaoeaae/, A.I.Ua?a?i?ia)
aaa/athoue oeyoe ?? ?ica’ycaiiy caeaa?eueoiai ia o?ieao iaoaiaoeee, ui
ia ni?ey? ae?iaeaiith iio??aiiai ia on?o caiyooyo
caaaeueiiaeeaeaeoe/iiai ai?iiy aeiaiaeeoe aeanio aeoieo. (?oioiai?noth
oa ia?niaeoeai?noth a oeueiio ieai? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aeine?aeaeaiiy
I.ss.Naa/aiei, A.O.Iaeaia?/oe, O.A.Einie. A/ai? iai?/athoue
iioeiaeuei? oeyoe ?icaeoeo ieneaiiy o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a,
oa?aeoa?ecothoue ??ciiaeaee o?aioaaeueieo caaaeaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia
oi?ioaaiiy ai?iiy eia?/ii ? ia?aeiieeai aeiaiaeeoe aeanio aeoieo ia
caiyooyo c iaoaiaoeee, i?e?iaeiciaanoaa, /eoaiiy. ? oi/a a
?ic?iaeaieo iaoiaeeeao iaa/aiiy a?aoiaothoueny ??ci? iai?yie
?ioaeaeooaeueiiai ?icaeoeo iieiaeoeo oeiey??a, caaaeaiiy aeiaanoe naith
aeoieo a ieo ??aeei iia’yco?oueny c aeiiaith i?aaeeueii ioi?ieoe aeania
aeiaaaeaiiy o aeaeyae? oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy.

Eiinoaooth/? c??ce ai?iue ? iaae/ie o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a neeaaeaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy, ui i?iaiaeeeeny i?ioyaii 1995-1996 ??., aeyaeee ?yae
iaaeie?e?a, a naia: a?aenooi?noue oai?aoe/ieo a?aeiiinoae i?i
oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, iaaeineiiae?noue oi?iue ? iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe oae?
oaenoe. Caaaeaiiy aeae?eeoe nieneia? /anoeie aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy, iacaaoe ?o, ae?a?aoe aeieace aei iiaeaiiai oaa?aeaeaiiy,
i?i/eoaoe i??eoaaiiy c iio??aiith ?ioiiaoe??th oiui aeeeeeathoue a o/i?a
aaeee? o?oaeiiu?. ?acoeueoaoe aan?ae c ae?oueie, aieaooaaiue o/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oa niinoa?aaeaiue ca iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiei i?ioeanii
i?ioyaii 1995-1998 ??., na?ae/aoue oaeiae i?i iaaeinoaoi?e ??aaiue
ciaiue a?eueoino? eeaniaiae?a i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, eiai niaoeeo?/i?
iciaee, iaoiaeeeo ii?aoethaaiiy.

Oaeei /eiii, aeooaeuei?noue ia?aii? i?iaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy
iiynith?oueny, ii-ia?oa, iio?aaaie no/aniiai noni?euenoaa o anaa?/ii
?icaeiai?e iniaenoino?, caeaoi?e ia?aeiieeai oa a?aoiaioiaii aeiaiaeeoe
aeanio aeoieo; ii-ae?oaa, iaaeinoaoiueith ?ic?iaeai?noth ?? a no/ani?e
iaoiaee/i?e iaooe?; ii-o?ao?, iaaeineiiae?noth ai?iue ? iaae/ie
iieiaeoeo oeiey??a neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy; ii-/aoaa?oa, iecueeei
??aiai ciaiue o/eoae?a i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, niaoeeo?eo eiai ci?noiai?,
iiaii? ? no?oeoo?ii? i?aai?caoe??.

Ona aeeeaaeaia aeua coiiaeei iio?aao i?aai?coaaoe
oai?aoeei-aenia?eiaioaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy c iaoith ?ic?iaee
iaoiaeeee oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ?
iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy. A?aeiia?aeii aei
iaaaaeaieo i?e/ei oa iio?aae aaeineiiaethaaoe iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee
i?ioean o ii/aoeia?e oeie? iaie aoei ia?aii oaio aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy – “Oi?ioaaiiy o iieiaeoeo oeiey??a ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue ?
iaae/ie neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy”.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?ioean ?icaeoeo ca’yciiai iiaeaiiy iieiaeoeo
oeiey??a a oiiaao caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee, a i?aaeiaoii – iaoiaeeea
oi?ioaaiiy a ieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? iaoeiaeo canaae i?ioeano
oi?ioaaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy oa noai?aii?
aoaeoeaii? iaoiaeeee iaa/aiiy iieiaeoeo oeiey??a neeaaeaoe oai?e oeueiai
oeio.

O i?ioean? ?ic?iaee o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa ie aeoiaeeee c i?eiouaiiy, ui
aoaeoeaia nenoaia iaa/aiiy neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy a
ii/aoeiaeo eeanao ia? a?oiooaaoeny ia oaeeo e?iaaiaeeaeaeoe/ieo
i?eioeeiao:

– nenoaiiiio ii?aoethaaii? aeaiaioa?ieo a?aeiiinoae i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy
ia caiyooyo c on?o i?aaeiao?a ii/aoeiaiai oe?eueiiai oeeeeo;

– i?aeoe/iiio iciaeiieaii? iieiaeoeo oeiey??a c iniiaieie caeiiaie
eia?ee;

– iine?aeiaiiio iaieiae?ii? ??cieie oi?iaie aeoiee: iiiyooyi,
noaeaeaiiyi, oiiaeaiaeii, aeiaaaeaiiyi, i??eoaaiiyi;

– iiae?e? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy ia
aeaa aoaie: i?aeaioia/ee oa iniiaiee;

– ii?aoethaaii? a?aeiiinoae i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy oa ae?iaeaiiy
a?aeiia?aeieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie o ca’yceo ?c canai?iiyi caaaeueieo iciae
oaenoo oa a?aeiiinoae i?i ?io? oeie iiaeaiiy.

Caaaeyee aeiaea?aeaiith cacia/aieo i?eioeei?a iieiaeo? oeiey?? na?aeiii
canaiththoue iniiai? a?aeiiino? i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, e?aua
iaieiae?aathoue iniiaieie ai?iiyie ? iaae/eaie neeaaeaoe oae? oaenoe.

Aeinyaiaiith iaoe oa ia?aa??oe? a?iioace ni?eyei ?ica’ycaiiy oaeeo
caaaeaiue:

1. Aeine?aeeoe eia?/i? oa e?iaa?noe/i? iniiae aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy, ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?eaoeaieo
oi?iue ? iaae/ie iieiaeoeo oeiey??a, oeyoe ii?aoethaaiiy
oaeno?a-i??eoaaiue o no/ani?e iaoiaee/i?e iaooe?.

2. Anoaiiaeoe a?aeiia?aei?noue i?ia?aiiei aeiiaai ciaiue o/i?a iieiaeoeo
eean?a i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, oi?iue ? iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe oai?e.

3. ?ic?iaeoe ci?no aenia?eiaioaeueii? nenoaie o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa ia
oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a oi?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe
aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy a?aeiia?aeii aei i?iiiiiaaieo
iieiaeaiue ?? i?aai?caoe??.

4. Aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe aoaeoeai?noue ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee a
i?aeoeoe? ii/aoeiaiai iaa/aiiy.

O i?ioean? ?ica’ycaiiy cacia/aieo caaaeaiue aeei?enoiaoaaeeny
oai?aoe/i? oa aii??e/i? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Aei oai?aoe/ieo iaeaaeaee: aiae?c eia?/ii?, e?iaa?noe/ii?,
ineoieia?/ii?, caaaeueiiaeeaeaeoe/ii?, iaoiaee/ii? e?oa?aoo?e a ?ic??c?
aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie; ?ao?iniaeoeaiee oa i?iaiinoe/iee aiae?c
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae; iaoiae oai?aoe/iiai aiae?co oa neioaco i?ae /an
aecia/aiiy iaoe, caaaeaiue, i?aaeiaoa, ia’?eoa, a?iioace aeine?aeaeaiiy;
neioacoaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioo.

Aei a?oie aii??e/ieo aoiaeeee: aiae?c oai??a-i??eoaaiue o/i?a 1 – 4-o
eean?a /ioe?e??/ii? oa 1 – 3-?o eean?a o?e??/ii? ii/aoeiai? oeiee;
aiae?c aieao o/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a; niinoa?aaeaiiy ca
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiei i?ioeanii ia an?o caiyooyo oe?eueiiai oeeeeo;
aan?aee c o/eoaeyie oa iieiaeoeie oeiey?aie c iaoith ae?aaiinooaaiiy
??aiy noi?iiaaiino? iniiaieo eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie; aiae?c
?acoeueoao?a iaa/aeueii? ae?yeueiino? o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a.

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny i?ioyaii 1995 – 1998??.
ia aac? NCO ? 5, 17 i?noa Neia’yinueea, I?ea?euenueei? na?aaeiuei?
oeiee Neia’yinueeiai ?aeiio Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?, NCO ? 57 i.
Eoaainueea, Ino??auainueei? iaiiaii? na?aaeiuei? oeiee
Aeecithe?anueeiai ?aeiio Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?. I?ia?aeiei iaoiaeii
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoa ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio, yeee aeeth/aa
eiinoaooth/ee, oi?ioth/ee oa eiio?ieueiee aoaie c ye?niith ?
noaoenoe/iith ia?iaeith ?acoeueoao?a.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny o aeaa aoaie. Ia ia?oiio aoai? aecia/aeeny
oaia, iaoa, caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, aiae?coaaeany iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ia
e?oa?aoo?a, aea/aany i?ioean canai?iiy a?aeiiinoae i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy
o i?aeoeoe? ii/aoeiaiai iaa/aiiy, oi?ioethaaeeny a?iioaca oa i?ia?aei?
iieiaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii? nenoaie o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa. Ia ae?oaiio
aoai? i?iaiaeeany oi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaio, aeine?aeaeoaaany i?ioean
aeeiiaiiy iieiaeoeie oeiey?aie o?aioaaeueieo caaaeaiue c oai?aoe/ieie
ocaaaeueiaiiyie ?acoeueoao?a, ia?aa??yeany aoaeoeai?noue ?ic?iaeaii?
nenoaie ai?aa ia oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie,
iaiao?aeieo i?ae /an neeaaeaiiy aeneiaethaaiue oeio i??eoaaiiy.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny oei, ui a iueiio aia?oa
?ic?iaeaii nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a oi?iue
? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi ?o eia?/ieo oa
e?iaa?noe/ieo iniaeeainoae ia an?o caiyooyo ii/aoeiaiai oe?eueiiai
oeeeeo.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o aeyaeaii?
iaoiaee/ieo, ineoieia?/ieo oa caaaeueiiaeeaeaeoe/ieo oiia ?aae?caoe??
nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo aei iaa/aiiy iieiaeoeo oeiey??a neeaaeaoe oai?e
eia?/iiai oeio, aecia/aii? eiea eia?/ieo oa e?iaa?noe/ieo
a?aeiiinoae i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, canai?iiy yeeo ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith
ai?iiy i?iaeoeoaaoe oae? oai?e ai?iaeiaae iaa/aiiy a ii/aoeia?e oeie?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy caeiaooeo ?acoeueoao?a – oea aeae?eaiiy a?oi
eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue, iio??aieo aeey neeaaeaiiy aeneiaethaaiue oeio
i??eoaaiiy; noai?aiiy nenoaie ?icaeaath/eo ai?aa, aeei?enoaiiy yeeo
aeicaiey? iinooiiai noi?ioaaoe iaiao?aei? oi?iiy; ?ic?iaea oa
aenia?eiaioaeueia ai?iaaoe?y iaoiaeeee iaa/aiiy neeaaeaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy o ii/aoeia?e oeie?; oa?aeoa?enoeea e?eoa???a
ioe?ithaaiiy oai??a-i??eoaaiue o/i?a 1-eo, 2-eo, 3-?o, 4-eo eean?a;
aecia/aiiy ??aiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie iieiaeoeo oeiey??a, ui iaa/aeeny ca
o?aaeeoe?eiith oa aenia?eiaioaeueiith iaoiaeeeaie.

Ai?iaaoe?y, aeei?enoaiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeeny oeyoii iiioey?ecaoe?? eiai iniiaieo ?aeae
ia i?aeaoc?anuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oe?a?inueea iiaa. Oai??y ?
i?aeoeea” /25-27 n?/iy 1997 ?. Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao/;
ioae?eaoe?? noaoae o aeo?iae? “Ii/aoeiaa oeiea”, o ca??ieeo iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue “Aoiai?caoe?y oa aoiai?oa?ecaoe?y ina?oe” Neia’yinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo.

I?aeoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaeeny o i?aeoeoe?
?iaioe oe?e ? 5, 17 i. Neia’yinueea oa Neia’yinueeiai ?aeiio, NCO ? 57
i.Eoaainueea, Ino??auainueei? iaiiaii? na?aaeiuei? oeiee Oa?e?anueei?
iaeano?. Aeae?eai? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy aeei?enoiaothoueny ia caiyooyo
c iaoiaeeee aeeeaaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae a ii/aoeiaeo eeanao, oai???
oa i?aeoeee ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy ia oaeoeueoao? i?aeaioiaee a/eoae?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a Neia’yinueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai
?inoeoooo.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny:

1. Oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ?ie? nenoaiiiai oa iine?aeiaiiai oi?ioaaiiy
a o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oi?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy
ia caiyooyo c ??cieo i?aaeiao?a.

2. Aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy iieiaeoeo oeiey??a i?iaeoeoaaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi ?o eia?/ieo oa e?iaa?noe/ieo iniaeeainoae
ia an?o caiyooyo ii/aoeiaiai oe?eueiiai oeeeeo.

3. A?oie i?iiaaeaaoe/ieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie, i?ecia/aieo aeey
ii?aoethaaiiy iiaeaiiai c?acea oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy oa iia’ycaieo ?c
neeaaeaiiyi aeaniiai aeneiaethaaiiy iniiaieo oi?iue.

4. Eeaneo?eaoe?y o?aioaaeueieo caaaeaiue ia aaeineiiaeaiiy a o/i?a
ii/aoeiaeo eean?a oi?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy.

No?oeoo?a oa iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??

Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo
aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, aeiaeaoe?a. Ianya ?iaioe – 150
noi??iie iniiaiiai oaenoo, a oiio /ene?, 5 oaaeeoeue, 10 ae?aa?ai, 9
noai, 4 iai’yoee ae?e, 1 aeai?eoi. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae
i?noeoue 218 iaeiaioaaiue.

O anooi? ia(?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/aii
eiai iaoo, caaaeaiiy, i?aaeiao, ia’?eo, noi?ioeueiaaii a?iioaco,
ioa?aeoa?eciaaii iaoiaee oa aoaie aeine?aeieoeueei? ?iaioe, ?ice?eoi
iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee, iaoeiao iiaecio, oai?aoe/io oa i?aeoe/io
cia/ou?noue caeiaooeo ?acoeueoao?a.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “Oi?ioaaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy a oai??? oa i?aeoeoe? ii/aoeiaiai iaa/aiiy” – aecia/aii
ineoieia?/i?, aeeaeaeoe/i? oa iaoiaee/i? oiiae iaa/aiiy iieiaeoeo
oeiey??a neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy, aeae?eaii iniiai?
eia?/i? oa e?iaa?noe/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee oaenoo oeueiai oeio,
i?iaiae?ciaaii noai aeeeaaeaiiy a?aeiiinoae i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy o
i?aeoeoe? no/anii? oeiee.

Eiioi?eaoeaii-ae?yeuei?niee i?aeo?ae aei aecia/aiiy ianyao
eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie, iaiao?aeieo i?ae /an neeaaeaiiy
aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy, iaoiiaea aeine?aeaeaiiy eia?/ieo oa
e?iaa?noe/ieo iciae oaenoo, ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iniaeeainoae
?icaeoeo iiaeaii?aeo oa ?icoiiaeo yeinoae iniaenoino?, a oaeiae ?icaeyae
iaoiaee/ieo oeyo?a ii?aoethaaiiy oaeno?a-i??eoaaiue o ii/aoeiaeo
eeanao.

Iaoeiaoe? aecia/athoue iniiai? ?ene i??eoaaiiy ye oeio iiaeaiiy.
A.E.Aaaioo, ?.?.Aeoiaaiaoeue, ?.?.Aaeueia??i, I.I.Eiaeei, I.I.Eiaeeia,
I.A.Ia/a?aa, A.A.Iaeeioeia, A.ss.Nieaai?e oa ?i. aeae?eythoue
iaeoa?aeoa?i?o? iciaee e?iaa?noe/ii? iiaeae? oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy, aei yeeo
iaeaaeaoue iiiieia?/ia oi?ia ?nioaaiiy a iiaeaii?, aeei?enoaiiy
no?oeoo?ieo i?eeii?a a?aaeaoe??, a?aoiaioaoe??, eiinoaoaoe??, iiyniaiiy,
aacaoeiee iiae?e oaenoo, eaioethaiaee oei oaia-?aiaoe/iiai ca’yceo,
aaoinaiaioe/i?noue ?a/aiue, ui ooai?ththoue oaco oa aeniiaie, iayai?noue
anoaaii-iiaeaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaiai cia/aiiy oiui.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie eia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue TH.I.Iao?iaa, I.I.Aeaena?aa,
I.A.?a?ia, ?.A.Aeooeyea, A.I.??eoaaa, ?.O.Neanoaiea oa ?i., i??eoaaiiy
aecia/a?oueny ye iniaeeaa ?ioaeaeooaeueia iia?aoe?y, ui neeaaea?oueny c
iiiyoue, noaeaeaiue, oiiaeaiae?a, aeiaaaeaiue oa eia?/iiai ca’yceo i?ae
ieie. ?acoeueoaoii i??eoaaiiy ia? aooe ?noeiia c eia?/ii? oi/ee ci?o
aeoiea. A/ai? aeae?eythoue iniiai? iciaee i??eoaaiiy, iaeiioe?ai?o?
eia?/i? iiieeee, yeei o?aaa caiia?aaoe a i?ioean? eiai oai?aiiy,
iienothoue e?eoa??? aiae?co oe??? oi?ie ae?aaeaiiy aeoiee.

Ineoieia?/i? iniaeeaino? o/i?a iieiaeoiai oe?eueiiai a?eo, i?ia?aei?
?ene ieneaiiy e iiaeaiiy, aeeaeaeoe/i? oeyoe ?o ?icaeoeo ciaeoee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy a i?aoeyo oe?a?inueeeo oa ?in?enueeeo ineoieia?a
N.E.?oa?iooaeia, Ae.A.Aeueeii?ia, I.E.Oeoiie?iaa, ?.I.Neieoe?,
A.N.Einothea, A.I.Aaeea, I.?.Eo???, O.A.Einie, A.O.Iaeaia?/oe,
E.I.Aooeauaiei, E.O.Aieoei, Ae.A.Aooei, E.O.Iaooiai?, I.?.AEeie?ia oa
?i. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iniia aeiiiiiaei aecia/eoe
a?eia? iniaeeaino? ieneaiiy oa iiaeaiiy, caeiiii??iino? ?o ?icaeoeo a
i?ioean? iaa/aiiy, ??ciiaeaee noaeaeaiue oa oiiaeaiae?a iieiaeoeo
oeiey??a, ie?aneeoe ineoieia?/ia oa aeeaeaeoe/ia i?aea?oioy iaa/aiiy
neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy a ii/aoeiaeo eeanao.

?iciiae?e o/i?anueeeo oai??a ia ?iciia?aeue, iien oa ?icaeoi
(i??eoaaiiy) aa?a ii/aoie o O?O no. ? iia’ycaiee c ?iaiaie aeaeaoieo
iaoiaeeno?a ?.Aaa?eeiaa, A.Aiaeiaiciaa, O.Aonea?aa, ?.Aoaaey oa ?i.
Aeciath/e ?icaeoi iaeneeaaei?oei aeey oeiey??a oeiii oaenoo, iaoiaeenoe
e?ioey O?O no. iniiaio oaaao caa?oaee ia canai?iiy eia?/ii? i?aai?caoe??
aeneiaethaaiiy, ui iaaaoeaii aieeaaei ia ?icaeoie eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue
? iaae/ie o/i?a. Ii/eiath/e c 70-o ?ie?a iaoiai noie?ooy I.?.Eueaia,
O.I.Eaaeeaeainueea, I.N.Aaooeaiei, I.I.Oi?ioeianueea, I.A.Noaeueiaoiae/,
A.?.Aaaea?, A.A.Aaeaoiaa, A.I.Niaei oa ?io? ?in?enuee? oa oe?a?inuee?
iaoiaeenoe cae?eniththoue ni?iae noai?eoe aoaeoeaio nenoaio ?icaeoeo
iiaeaiiy oeiey??a ia iniia? ooieoe?iiaeueii-noee?noe/iiai oa
eiioi?eaoeaii-ae?yeuei?niiai i?aeoiae?a aei oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a
caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee iiaeaii?aeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie.

C o?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae iiaeaiiy oa ieneaiiy o/i?a iieiaeoiai
oe?eueiiai a?eo, iii?ith ia aeae?eai? A.A.Aaeaoiaith, Ae.I.E?aa/oeii,
O.I.Eaaeeaeainueeith, I.A.Noaeueiaoiae/ai oa ?i. iniiai? iieiaeaiiy
i?ioeano iaa/aiiy neeaaeaoe ?icaeoie o na?aaei?e oa noa?o?e eaieao ie
?ic?iaeee aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a
ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy.

Aeey aeyaeaiiy ??aiy aeeeaaeaiiy a?aeiiinoae i?i aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy a i?aeoeoe? no/anii? ii/aoeiai? oeiee aoei aeei?enoaii
??ciiiai?oi? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy: niinoa?aaeaiiy ca
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiei i?ioeanii, aieaooaaiiy a/eoae?a, eiinoaooth/? c??ce
ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a, ?iaeea?aeoaeuei?
aan?aee c iaaeaaiaaie oa o/iyie, aiae?c i?ia?ai oa i?ae?o/iee?a c
??aeii? iiae a aniaeo? aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie. ?acoeueoaoe
niinoa?aaeaiue ca iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiei i?ioeanii ia 619 o?ieao c ??cieo
i?aaeiao?a ii/aoeiaiai oeeeeo na?ae/aoue i?i iaaeinoaoi?noue oaaae
iaaeaaia?a aei i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a eiioi?eaoeaieo
oi?iue, cie?aia iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy. Eeoa
18,7% caaaeueii? e?eueeino? iieoaieo o/eoae?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a iathoue
aeinoaoi?e ianya ciaiue i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy oa iaoiaeeeo eiai
ii?aoethaaiiy.

Eiinoaooth/ee c??c, i?iaaaeaiee iai?ee?ioe? ia?oi? /aa?o? 1-ai eeano, ia
e?iaoeue iaa/aeueiiai ?ieo a 1-eo, 2-eo, 3-?o eeanao o?e??/ii? oeiee oa
i?ney 1-ai, 2-ai, 3-ai, 4-ai ?ie?a iaa/aiiy o /ioe?e??/i?e oeie?
iieacaa, ui oi?iiy e iaae/ee aoaeoaaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy i?eaeecii o 82%
o/i?a ia?oiai eeano, 95% o/i?a ae?oaiai eeano, 89% o/i?a o?aoueiai
eeano oa 92% o/i?a /aoaa?oiai eeano ia a?aeiia?aeathoue i?ia?aiiei
aeiiaai. Eiino?othth/e iiyniaiiy, iaa?oiooaaiiy aeoiee, aeneiaethaaiiy
oeio i??eoaaiiy, iieiaeo? oeiey?? ia caa?oathoue oaaae ia aeinoaoi?noue
a?aoiaioaoe??, ye?noue aeieac?a, i?aaeeuei?noue ?o ioi?ieaiiy,
aeyaeythoue iaciaiiy niaoeeo?/ieo iniaeeainoae aeneiaethaaiiy, iaai?iiy
aeiae?aoe aeieace oa oi?ioethaaoe aeniiaie.

Ioaea, ia no/aniiio aoai? i?ioean iaa/aiiy aoaeoaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy a ii/aoeia?e oeie? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ?yaeii iaaeie?e?a, ui
coiiaeth? iio?aao ?ic?iaeoe aoaeoeaio aenia?eiaioaeueio nenoaio
aaeineiiaeaiiy iniiaieo eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie, iaiao?aeieo
aeey oni?oiiai neeaaeaiiy oai??a-i??eoaaiue, iiaoaeiae aeneiaethaaiue
oeio i??eoaaiiy o i?ioean? iiaioaaiiy ??cieo iaa/aeueieo i?aaeiao?a
ii/aoeiaiai oeeeeo.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? – “ Aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy iieiaeoeo
oeiey??a neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy” – aecia/aii iaoo, caaaeaiiy,
i?ia?aei? i?eioeeie aenia?eiaioaeueiiai iaa/aiiy, ianya eiioi?eaoeaieo
oi?iue ? iaae/ie, iaiao?aeieo iieiaeoei oeiey?ai i?ae /an neeaaeaiiy
oai??a-i??eoaaiue, eeaneo?eiaaii ??ciiaeaee o?aioaaeueieo caaaeaiue aeey
oi?ioaaiiy oeeo oi?iue, ioa?aeoa?eciaaii iaoiaeeeo ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?ic?iaeaii? nenoaie o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa, ia?aa??aii ?? aoaeoeai?noue.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iaoith oa caaaeaiiyie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aoei aecia/aii ci?no aenia?eiaioaeueii? nenoaie
iaa/aiiy, i?ia?aeieie i?eioeeiaie yei? noaee:

1. I?ioean oaeineiiaeaiiy oi?iue ? iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy iiaeiai a?aeia?aaeaoe o?niee aca?iica’ycie ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy
? ieneaiiy iieiaeoeo oeiey??a.

2. O?aooaaiiy noaae?e iiaeaii?aiai aeoo i?ae /an aeae?eaiiy
eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie, iaiao?aeieo aeey neeaaeaiiy
oai?o-i??eoaaiiy, ni?ey? na?aeiiiio iiaioaaiith niaoeeo?ee oaeiai oaenoo
oa aoai?a eiai oai?aiiy.

3. Oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey?ia oi?iue neeaaeaoe oai?e-ii?eoaaiiy ia?
(?oiooaaoeny ia canai?iii caaaeueieo iciae oaenoo oa iia’ycoaaoeny c
ae?iaeaiiyi iaae/ie i?iaeoeoaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy ?ioeo oei?a iiaeaiiy.

4. Aeey aoaeoeaiiai ?ica’ycaiiy iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue ne?ae o i?ioean?
iiaioaaiiy an?o iaa/aeueieo i?aaeiao?a ii/aoeiai? oeiee ieaiii??ii
?icaeaaoe a ieneaii? iieiaeoeo oeiey??a ?ici? oi?ie i?aaiicaoei? aeoiee:
iiiyooy, noaeaeaiiy, oiiaea?ae, aeiaaaeaiiy, ii?eoaaiiy.

5. I?aeoe/ia iciaeiieaiiy oeiey?ia c iniiaieie eiai/ieie caeiiaie ?
iaia’yceiaith oiiaith i?aeaeuaiiy ?acoeueoaoeaiino? iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano.

I?ioean oi?ioaaiiy ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue iieiaeoeo oeiey??a neeaaeaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy o a?aeiia?aeiino? c i?eioeeiii iinooiiaiai oneeaaeiaiiy
iaoa??aeo iiae?eyany ia aeaa aoaie: i?iiaaeaaoe/iee oa iniiaiee.
I?iiaaeaaoe/iee o?eaaa i?ioyaii ia?oiai, ae?oaiai oa ia?oi? /aa?o?
o?aoueiai ?ieo iaa/aiiy. Naiino?eia i?iaeoeoaaiiy oai??a-i??eoaaiue (c
ae?oai? /aa?o? o?aoueiai eeano) ciaiaio? niaith ii/aoie iniiaiiai aoaio.
?ic?iaeaia aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea ? nenoaiith, nooue yei? neeaaea?
i?aai?/iee aca?iica’ycie oaeeo aeaiaio?a: iaoiaee oa i?eeiie, oi?iiy ?
iaae/ee, iaiao?aei? aeey iiaoaeiae oai?o-i??eoaaiiy, o?aioaaeuei?
ai?aae, ni?yiiaai? ia oi?ioaaiiy oeeo oi?iue.

Oi?iiy, iaiao?aei? i?ae /an eiino?othaaiiy aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy, aoei ?iciiae?eaii ia aea? a?oie: i?iiaaeaaoe/i? oa iniiai?.
I?ae /an ?iciiae?eo ie ea?oaaeeny oaeei e?eoa???i: on? ai?iiy,
iaiao?aei? aeey ii?aoethaaiiy aioiaiai oaenoo, aeeth/ath/e eiai
ia?aeacoaaiiy,

aeaeici?io, aeiiiaiaiiy, cai?io /anoei oiui, iaeaaeaee aei
i?iiaaeaaoe/ieo, a ai?iiy, iia’ycai? c iiaoaeiaith aeaniiai iiaiiai
oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy, – aei iniiaieo. Aei ia?oi? a?oie iaeaaeaee oae?:
?ici?ciaaaoe i??eoaaiiy na?aae ?ioeo oei?a iiaeaiiy, aecia/aoe oaio oa
aieiaio aeoieo i??eoaaiiy, aeiae?aoe aeieace, aeae?eyoe oa ia?aaeaaaoe a
iiaeaii? i?e/eiii-iane?aeeia? caeaaeiino? i?ae yaeuaie oa iiiyooyie,
?iaeoe aeniiaee oa /?oei oi?ioethaaoe aeanio aeoieo, i?aaeeueii
?ioiioaaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy, ia?aeacoaaoe
oaeno-i??eoaaiiy, ?aaeaaoaaoe iiaeaia i??eoaaiiy. Aeacaia
iine?aeiai?noue oi?iue ? iaae/ie a?aeia?aaea? ?o iinooiiaa ae?iaeaiiy a
i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueiiai iaa/aiiy.

Aei a?oie iniiaieo oi?iue iaeaaeaee oae?: i?aaeeueii iae?aoe oei
iiaeaiiy, aecia/aoe oaio, aieiaio aeoieo oa iaoo aeaniiai
oai?o-i??eoaaiiy, aeiae?aoe iaiao?aei? iiai? caniae ioi?ieaiiy
i??eoaaiue, ae?eeoe aeaniee oa?? ia aacaoee, ?ioiioaaoe aeania
i??eoaaiiy, ?aaeaaoaaoe aeania aeneiaethaaiiy. Aiaeia?/ii aei
i?iiaaeaaoe/ii? a?oie iniiai? ai?iiy oi?ioaaeeny iine?aeiaii,
a?aeiia?aeii aei iaaaaeaii? iine?aeiaiino?, ui ni?eyei a?aeia?aaeaiith
an?o noaae?e iiaeaii?aiai aeoo i?ae /an neeaaeaiiy oeiey?aie
aeneiaethaaiue oeio i??eoaaiiy.

Niaoeeo?/i?noue ci?noiaeo, eiiiiceoe?eieo oa iiaieo iciae
oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy ia?aaeaa/aea iniaeeaee iaoiaee/iee i?aeo?ae aei
eeaneo?eaoe?? o?aioaaeueieo caaaeaiue aeey ae?iaeaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie
neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oaeiai oeio. O?ainoi?ioth/e aoaie oi?ioaaiiy
ieneaiiy aeeoeie, aecia/ai? A.O.Iaeaia?/oe, ie ei?enooaaeeny oaeith
eeaneo?eaoe??th o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa: eoioeyoeai?, iioeaoth/?,
ae?aaiinoe/i?, ocaaaeueithth/?. Aeaee iaa/aeueii? iiaeaii?ai?
ae?yeueiino? iieiaeoeo oeiey??a i?ae /an aeeiiaiiy i?iiaaeaaoe/ieo oa
iniiaieo o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa a?aeia?aaeaii a oaaeeoe?.

o?aioaaeuei? ai?aae

I?IIAAeAAOE*I?

eoioeyoeai? iioeaoth/?

1. niinoa?aaeaiiy ca niaoeeo?/ieie iniaeeainoyie oaeno?a-i??eoaaiue;

2. ii??aiyiiy oaeno?a ??cieo oei?a;

3. anoaiiaeaiiy a?aeiia?aeiino? i?ae /anoeiaie

i??eoaaiiy;

4. aecia/aiiy eiiiiiaio?a neooaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy;

5. aeaeici?ia i??eoaaiiy ca caaaeaiiyi;

6. a?aeiiaeaiiy aeaoi?iiaaieo /anoei i??eoaaiiy;

7. ia?aeac i??eoaaiiy. 1. iiyniaiiy aeoiee;

2. iaa?oiooaaiiy iieiaeaiiy;

3. aeiaaaeaiiy oaa?aeaeai-

iy.

iniiai?

ae?aaiinoe/i? ocaaaeueithth/?

1. ?aaeaaoaaiiy i??eoaaiiy;

2. aeiiiaiaiiy oa ?icoe?aiiy i??eoaaiiy;

3. neeaaeaiiy ?a/aiue c i?e/eiiaei ? iane?aeeiaei cia/aiiyi;

4. naiino?eia neeaaeaiiy oai??a-i??eoaaiue. 1. /eaioaaiiy i??eoaaiue ia
eia?/ii caaa?oai? /anoeie;

2. neeaaeaiiy ieaio oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy;

3. neeaaeaiiy noaie oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy;

4. iiaoaeiaa oai??a-i??eoaaiue ca ieaiii;

5. eiino?othaaiiy oai??a-i??eoaaiue ca noaiith.

Eoioeyoeai? ai?aae aeei?enoiaoaaeeny aieiaiei /eiii ia o?ieao iiae oa
iiaeaiiy, ?iiae? – ia caiyooyo c i?e?iaeiciaanoaa, /eoaiiy oa o?oaeiaiai
iaa/aiiy, yeui oa?aeoa? aeei?enoiaoaaiiai ia oeeo o?ieao aeeaeaeoe/iiai
iaoa??aeo i?noea aeaiaioe iaa?oiooaaiiy, ?ici??eiaoaaiiy /e ni?eya
iinoaiiaoe? iiae?aieo caaaeaiue. Aeeaeaeoe/iith iaoith ae?aaiinoe/ieo
ai?aa ? eiio?ieue oa ia?aa??ea ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie iieiaeoeo
oeiey??a. Aiaeii/an, o ?acoeueoao? aeeiiaiiy eiaeiiai oai?/iai caaaeaiiy
o/i? iaaoaaee iaaieo ciaiue, a?aei?aoeueiaoaaee eiioi?eaoeai? ai?iiy,
oiio ae?aaiinoe/i? ai?aae aeei?enoiaoaaeeny ? ye can?a oi?ioaaiiy
iaae/ie neeaaeaoe oai?e.

Caaaeaiiy iioeaoth/iai oa?aeoa?o aiooaaee oeiey??a aoaeoaaoe
aeiaaaeaiiy, ?icaeaaee oi?iiy i???iooaaoeny a i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaiio
ca’yceo, i?ea/aee a?aoiaiooaaoe eiaeio a?aeiia?aeue ia o?ioe?, ni?eyee
oaeineiiaeaiith ?icoiiaeo oa iiaeaii?aeo yeinoae o/i?a. Aei a?oie
ocaaaeueithth/eo iaeaaeaoue on? ??ciiaeaee caaaeaiue, ui i?noyoue
aeaiaioe canai?iiy oa oai?aoe/iiai ocaaaeueiaiiy no?oeoo?e i??eoaaiiy.
Ai?aae oaeiai oeio ? iaeii/anii e aoaeoeaiei caniaii ia?aa??ee iaaooeo
iieiaeoeie oeiey?aie ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie, oiio aeoeaia ?o
aeei?enoaiiy i?eiaaeaei aieiaiei /eiii ia /aoaa?oee ??e iaa/aiiy a
ii/aoeia?e oeie?.

Aenia?eiaioaeueia iaa/aiiy i?iaiaeeeiny i?ioyaii 1995 – 1998 ?ie?a o
14-oe eeanao na?aaei?o caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e ? 5, 17 i.Neia’yinueea
Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?, /ioe?ueio eeanao I?ea?euenueei?
caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee Neia’yinueeiai ?aeiio Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?,
o?ueio eeanao oeiee ? 57 i.Eoaainueea, /ioe?ueio eeanao Ino??auainueei?
iaiiaii? na?aaeiuei? oeiee Aeecithe?anueeiai ?aeiio Oa?e?anueei?
iaeano?.

Aenia?eiaioii aoei ioiieaii 658 o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a. E??i oiai, o
i?ioean? eiinoaooth/eo c??c?a ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie o/i?a
aiae?coaaeeny ?iaioe 390 o/i?a 15 eiio?ieueieo eean?a oe?e ? 5, 17
i.Neia’yinueea, I?ea?euenueei? caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee,
Ino??auainueei? iaiiaii? na?aaeiuei? oeiee. O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy 25
aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a iaa/aeeny ca ?ic?iaeaiith i?ia?aiith
oi?ioaaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio i??eoaaiiy, 15
eiio?ieueieo eean?a i?aoethaaee ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith iaoiaeeeith
ii?aoethaaiiy i??eoaaiue o ii/aoeiaeo eeanao.

Aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aoiaoaaeany ia /ioe?e??/ia ii/aoeiaa
iaa/aiiy ? ia?aaeaa/aea i?ioyaii i?neyaoeaa?iiai ia??iaeo 1-ai eeano
i?aeoe/ia canai?iiy oeiey?aie ne?a i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaiai cia/aiiy,
iciaeiieaiiy c ?ioiiaoe??th ia?ae?/oaaiiy, ia?aeiiaiiy, iiaii-eia?/iith
noaiith iiyniaiiy aeoiee ca aeiiiiiaith ae?iaeaiiy aeaiaioa?ieo
i?iiaaeaaoe/ieo oi?iue oa aeei?enoaiiy iaei?ino?oeo ??ciiaeae?a
ae?aaiinoe/ieo ? iioeaoth/eo ai?aa.

Ia ae?oaiio ?ioe? iaa/aiiy oa i?ioyaii ia?oi? /aa?o? 3-ai eeano o/i?
iciaeiiethaaeeny c aecia/aiiyi oaenoo-i??eoaaiiy, eiai aoaeiaith, iaoith
o iiaeaii?, aae?anaoii, ?ieeth aacaoe?a o oaeno? oaeiai oeio, i?aeoe/ii
canaithaaee eiino?oeoe?? i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaiai cia/aiiy, noaie
iaa?oiooaaiiy oa aeiaaaeaiiy aeoiee; a?aei?aoeueiaoaaee oi?iiy
i?iiaaeaaoe/ii? a?oie ca aeiiiiiaith aeeiiaiiy ai?aa eoioeyoeaiiai,
iioeaoth/iai oa ae?aaiinoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o.

C ae?oai? /aa?o? 3-ai eeano canaithaaeeny caniae iiaiiai ioi?ieaiiy
i??eoaaiue ??cieo noee?a, iniaeeaino? neeaaeaiiy ieaio oa noaie
i??eoaaiiy; o/i? i?aeoe/ii ona?aeiiethaaee iniiai? eia?/i? caeiie, noaie
?aaeaaoaaiiy oa eiino?othaaiiy oai??a eia?/iiai oeio. O oeae ia??iae
ii/eiaee ae?iaeyoeny oi?iiy iniiaii? a?oie oa aeei?enoiaoaaeeny
ia?aaaaeii ae?aaiinoe/i? e ocaaaeueithth/? ai?aae.

Iaa/aiiy ca ?ic?iaeaiith iaoiaeeeith o 4-io eean? ia?aaeaa/aei
cae??ieaiiy a na?aeiiino? o/i?a i?eeii?a ia?aeacoaaiiy, eiino?othaaiiy,
ia?aeiino?othaaiiy, i?iaeoeoaaiiy aeneiaethaaiue, neeaaeaiiy ieaio oa
noaie i??eoaaiiy, a?aeiiinoae i?i iniaeeaino? i??eoaaiue ??cieo noee?a;
ae?iaeaiiy iaeneeaaei?oeo oi?iue iniiaii? a?oie; ia?aaaaeia aeei?enoaiiy
neeaaeieo ??ciiaeae?a ae?aaiinoe/ieo oa ocaaaeueithth/eo ai?aa.

Ia?aa??ea aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeaii? nenoaie o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa iieacaea,
ui a o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a cia/ii aeuee eiao?oe??io i?aaeeueii
neeaaeaieo oai??a. ??aaiue ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie oeiey??a, ye?
i?ioyaii o?ueio ?ie?a iaa/aiiy aeeiioaaee aenia?eiaioaeuei? ai?aae, a
oe?eiio a?aeiia?aea? i?ia?aiiei aeiiaai. Iaoii?noue ciaiiy o/i?a
eiio?ieueieo eean?a i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy oa i?eeiie eiai neeaaeaiiy
i?noeee ?yae iaaeie?e?a: iaaaeaea aeei?enoaiiy ne?a
i?e/eiii-iane?aeeiaiai cia/aiiy, a?aenooi?noue cania?a ca’yceo i?ae
?a/aiiyie a oaeno? aai ?o /anoa iiaoi?thaaiiy, a?aenooi?noue iiaiiai
ca’yceo i?ae /anoeiaie oaenoo, iai?aaeeueia ci?noiaa i?aai?caoe?y oace,
aeieac?a /e aeniiaeo, aacaeieacia?noue i??eoaaiiy a oe?eiio oa ?i.
?acoeueoaoeai?noue i?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee iaa/aiiy ?ethno?o?
ii??aiyeueia oaaeeoey, neeaaeaia ia iniia? aiae?co oai??a o/i?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa eiio?ieueieo eean?a.

O oaaeeoe? iiaeaii a?aenioeiao e?euee?noue oai??a, aeey yeeo aoei
canoiniaaii oie /e ?ioee e?eoa??e ioe?ithaaiiy:

Eeane ??

eean ???

eean ?V

eean

Iciaee i??eoaaiiy aenia?e-

iaioaeuei? eiio?i-

euei? aenia?e-iaioaeuei? eiio?i-

euei? aenia?e-iaioaeuei? eiio?i-

euei?

iayai?noue

aeniiaeo __ __ 62,1% 35,4% 53,8% 10%

iayai?noue

aacaoe?a __ __ __ __ 48,4% 4,5%

iayai?noue i?e-

/eiiaeo neioa-

enai 71,8% 32% __ __ 91,1% 78%

ca’yci?noue

aeeeaaeo 49,3% 16% 84% 58,2% 56,2% 12,8%

aeinoaoi?noue aeieac?a 64,2% 38% 73,2% 31% 84,8% 49,7%

iayai?noue oaa?aeaeaiiy 80,3% 52% __ __ 80,2% 72%

O i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee ?ic?iaeaii? nenoaie
o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa i?aeoaa?aeeeany ?noeii?noue aeo?aeii? a?iioace:
nenoaiiee aieea ia iiaeaiiy ? ieneaiiy o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a ca
aeiiiiiaith oi?ioaaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy ia an?o caiyooyo oe?eueiiai oeeeeo c o?aooaaiiyi
e?iaa?noe/ii? e eia?/ii? i?e?iaee oaeno?a oeueiai oeio caaacia/o?
na?aeiia e iiaia iaieiae?iiy ai?iiyie ? iaae/eaie neeaaeaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy. Iiceoeai? ?acoeueoaoe iaa/aiiy ca aeiiiiiaith
aenia?eiaioaeueii? nenoaie o?aioaaeueieo ai?aa na?ae/aoue i?i
aoaeoeai?noue i?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee oa iaiao?aei?noue oi?iaaaeaeaiiy
iniiaieo ?? iieiaeaiue o i?aeoeeo ii/aoeiaiai iaa/aiiy.

Aea/aiiy iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ieo iniia i?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?eaoeaieo
oi?iue ? iaae/ie, iaiao?aeieo i?ae /an neeaaeaiiy aeneiaethaaiiy oeio
i??eoaaiiy, aea? ciiao aecia/eoe iai?yie iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Iniiaieie c ieo ? oae?:

a) oi?ioaaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie aoaeoaaoe oa??-i??eoaaiiy caeaaeii a?ae
oi?ie iiaeaiiy (onii? /e ienaiii?);

a) oaeineiiaeaiiy ai?iue ? iaae/ie oeiey??a aoaeoaaoe noee?noe/ii
aeeoa?aioe?eiaai? oai?e-i??eoaaiiy ;

a) o?aooaaiiy i?eioeei?a ianooiiino? oa ia?niaeoeaiino? a ?iaio? iaae
oaenoaie-i??eoaaiiyie a ii/aoeiaeo oa na?aaei?o eeanao.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeia?aaeaii a oaeeo
ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. ?iaioa iaae oaenoaie-i??eoaaiiyie ye can?a aoiai?caoe?? ii/aoeiaiai
iaa/aiiy // Aoiai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano: Iaoe.-iaoiae.
ca. Aei.IV. – Neia’yinuee: ?CII-NAeI?, 1998. –N. 154-158.

2. ?icaeoie oi?iue o?aoueieeaniee?a neeaaeaoe oaenoe-i??eoaaiiy //
Ii/aoeiaa oeiea. – 1997. – ?6. – N. 18-22.

3. Nenoaii?noue o ?iaio? iaae oai?aie-i??eoaaiiyie // Ii/aoeiaa oeiea. –
1998. – ?2. –N.13-16.

4. Oi?ioaaiiy o iieiaeoeo oeiey??a ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe
oai?e-i??eoaaiiy i?ae /an aea/aiiy oaie “?iaiiee” //Ii/aoeiaa oeiea. –
?8. – 1999. – N.15-18.

5. Ianooii?noue o oi?ioaaii? oi?iue neeaaeaoe oai?e-?icaeoie //??aeia
oeiea. – ?9. – 1999. –N. 58-59.

6. Iniaeeaino? ii?aoethaaiiy i??eoaaiue o iaaeaaia?/ieo aocao // I?.
Iaaeaoc. eiio. “Oe?a?inueea iiaa. Oai??y ? i?aeoeea”. – Aeiiaoeuee:
AeiiAeO. – 1997. – N. 106-107

Aiioaoe??

Aieiaei ?.A. Oi?ioaaiiy ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie iieiaeoeo oeiey??a
neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.02 – oai??y ? iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy
oe?a?inueei? iiae. – ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.

O aeena?oaoe?? i?aaenoaaeaii oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaaio oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??aio iaoiaeeeo oi?ioaaiiy a iieiaeoeo oeiey??a
ii/aoeiaeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie neeaaeaoe oai?e-i??eoaaiiy. ?? nooue iieyaa?
o nenoaiiiio ii?aoethaaii? i??eoaaiue c o?aooaaiiyi ?o eia?/ieo ?
e?iaa?noe/ieo iniaeeainoae ia caiyooyo c ??cieo iaa/aeueieo i?aaeiao?a
ii/aoeiaiai oeeeeo. I?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ni?ey? iiaeeaeaiith ciaiue
o/i?a ii/aoeiaeo eean?a i?i oaeno-i??eoaaiiy oa ae?iaeaiith no?eeeo
iaae/ie aeiaaaeaiiy aeanii? aeoiee.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ieneeoaeueii-iiaeaii?a? oi?iiy, oai?e-i??eoaaiiy,
iieiaeo? oeiey??.

Aieiaei E.A. Oi?ie?iaaiea ia/aeueiuo oiaiee ieaaeoeo oeieueieeia
ninoaaeyoue ni/eiaiey-?annoaeaeaiey. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.02. – oai?ey e iaoiaeeea iao/aiey
oe?aeineiio ycueo. – Einoeooo iaaeaaiaeee AII Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

A aeenna?oaoeee i?aaenoaaeaia oai?aoe/anee iainiiaaiiay e
yenia?eiaioaeueii i?iaa?aiiay iaoiaeeea oi?ie?iaaiey ia/aeueiuo oiaiee
e iaaueia ieaaeoeo oeieueieeia ninoaaeyoue ni/eiaiey-?annoaeaeaiey. Aa
nooue ninoieo a nenoaiiii eco/aiee ?annoaeaeaiee n o/aoii eo eiae/aneeo
e eeiaaenoe/aneeo iniaaiiinoae ia caiyoeyo ii ?aciui o/aaiui i?aaeiaoai
ia/aeueiiai oeeeea.

Iao/aiea ieaaeoeo oeieueieeia ninoaaeyoue ni/eiaiey-?annoaeaeaiey
inouanoaeyaony iooai oi?ie?iaaiey ?yaea niaoeeoe/aneeo oiaiee e iaaueia
n iiiiuueth oi?aaeiaiee ?acaeaathuaai oa?aeoa?a, ?ac?aaioaiiuo aaoi?ii.
A ?aaioa i?aaenoaaeaia eiae/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea ?annoaeaeaiey eae oi?iu
au?aaeaiey iunee e eeiaaenoe/aneay – eae oeia ?a/e ii oeaee
auneacuaaiey, enneaaeiaaiu e iienaiu ineoieiae/aneea, iaoiaee/aneea,
iauaaeeaeaeoe/aneea iniiau i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey o ieaaeoeo oeieueieeia
oiaiee ninoaaeyoue auneacuaaiey oeia ?annoaeaeaiey.

N o/aoii oaniie acaeiinayce iuoeaiey e ?a/e, nicaeaiiay eeanneoeeaoeey
o?aie?iai/iuo caaeaiee ioia?aaeaao yoaiu oi?ie?iaaiey oinoaaiiie
aeoeaiinoe: eoioeyoeeth, aeeaaiinoeeo, iioeaaoeeth e iniciaiea niiniaa
iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?aaeeaaaaiay iaoiaeeea niinianoaoao
oaeoaeaieth ciaiee o/aieeia ieaaeoeo eeannia i?i oaeno-?annoaeaeaiea e
au?aaioea onoie/eauo iaaueia aeieacuaaiey nianoaaiiie iunee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: iuneeoaeueii-?a/aaua oiaiey, ieaaeoea oeieueieee,
ni/eiaiey-?annoaeaeaiey.

Golovko I.A. “The formation of junior schoolchildren’s elementary
skills of writing a composition-meditation”. Manuscript.

The thesis for the degree of candidate of pedagogical sciences.
Speciality 13.00.02. – Teaching Oiairy and Methodology of Ukrainian
language. Institute of Pedagogics Academy of Pedagogical sciences of
Ukraine. Kyiv. 1999.

The thesis presents the theoretical basis and experimentally proved
method of formation by junior schoolchildren’s elementary skills and
habits of writing a composition-meditation taking into consideration
their logical peculiarities in different subjects.

Proposed method promotes deepening the awareness of junior
schoolchildren about the text-meditation and ensures the formation
of steady skills to prove their own opinion.

Key words: thought and speech skills, junior schoolchildren,
composition-meditation.

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